WO2025001023A1 - 电池包及电动汽车 - Google Patents

电池包及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025001023A1
WO2025001023A1 PCT/CN2023/142627 CN2023142627W WO2025001023A1 WO 2025001023 A1 WO2025001023 A1 WO 2025001023A1 CN 2023142627 W CN2023142627 W CN 2023142627W WO 2025001023 A1 WO2025001023 A1 WO 2025001023A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
battery
side wall
battery pack
liquid cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/142627
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗峥
施建蒙
席兵荣
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025001023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025001023A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • the battery cells are sandwiched between two parallel liquid cooling plates, but a gap is formed between two adjacent battery cells between two adjacent liquid cooling plates, resulting in low space utilization in the battery pack.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, comprising: a plurality of first battery cells; a plurality of second battery cells; a plurality of liquid cooling plates, arranged at intervals along a first direction, the liquid cooling plates comprising a plurality of sub-plates arranged and connected along a second direction, wherein, of two adjacent liquid cooling plates, a sub-plate of one liquid cooling plate is arranged opposite to a sub-plate of the other liquid cooling plate and defines a receiving cavity, wherein at least one of the first battery cells is disposed in the receiving cavity; the first battery cell is connected to the sub-plate; along the second direction, an accommodating space is provided between two adjacent first battery cells, wherein at least one of the second battery cells is disposed in the accommodating space, and the volume of the first battery cell is greater than the volume of the second battery cell.
  • the first battery cell along the first direction, includes oppositely disposed side walls, the side walls of adjacent first battery cells define the accommodating space, the first battery cell has a thickness direction, along the thickness direction, the first battery cell has opposite first and second ends; in the second direction, the dimension between the second ends of adjacent first battery cells is greater than the dimension between the first ends; the second battery cell is arranged adjacent to the second end.
  • At least partially two adjacent sub-boards have an included angle ⁇ therebetween, and the radian of the included angle ⁇ is ⁇ rad, satisfying: 0 ⁇ .
  • the first battery cell includes a first side wall and a second side wall disposed opposite to each other,
  • the first side wall and the second side wall are the surfaces with the largest surface areas; the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively connected to the adjacent sub-boards.
  • the first battery cell further includes a third side wall and a fourth side wall arranged opposite to each other, the second battery cell is connected to the fourth side wall, and the second battery cell is connected to the third side wall; the outer wall surface of the second battery cell in contact with the third side wall is a curved surface.
  • an outer wall surface of the second battery cell in contact with the fourth side wall is a curved surface.
  • a filler is further disposed in the accommodating space, and the filler is connected to at least one of the first battery cell and the second battery cell; and the thermal conductivity of the filler is 0.012 W/m ⁇ K to 0.07 W/m ⁇ K.
  • the maximum dimension of the second battery cell along the first direction is D 1 mm;
  • the sub-plate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other in a fourth direction, and in two oppositely arranged sub-plates in two adjacent liquid cooling plates, a spacing between the first surface and the second surface opposite to each other in the fourth direction is D 2 mm, satisfying: D 1 ⁇ D 2 ; the fourth direction intersects with the plane where the first side wall is located.
  • the second battery cell is a cylindrical battery; and the first battery cell is a square battery.
  • the maximum dimension of the first battery cell in the third direction is H 1 mm
  • the maximum dimension of the second battery cell in the third direction is H 2 mm
  • 0.9 ⁇ H 2 /H 1 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied.
  • the third direction intersects the first direction and the second direction in pairs.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting sheet, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell are electrically connected via the connecting sheet, and the electrical connection includes series connection and parallel connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting piece, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell are electrically connected via the connecting piece, and the electrical connection is a series connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting sheet, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell are electrically connected via the connecting sheet, and the electrical connection is in parallel.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting sheet, through which the first battery cells are connected.
  • the connecting pieces are electrically connected, and a plurality of the second battery cells are electrically connected through the connecting pieces, and the electrical connection includes series connection and parallel connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting piece, and the plurality of the first battery cells are electrically connected to each other through the connecting piece, and the plurality of the second battery cells are electrically connected to each other through the connecting piece, and the electrical connection is a series connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting piece, and the plurality of the first battery cells are electrically connected to each other through the connecting piece, and the plurality of the second battery cells are electrically connected to each other through the connecting piece, and the electrical connection is in parallel.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting piece, through which one of the first battery cells and one of the second battery cells are connected in series to form a battery module, and a plurality of the battery modules are electrically connected through the connecting piece, and the electrical connection includes series connection and parallel connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting piece, and one of the first battery cells and one of the second battery cells are connected in series via the connecting piece to form a battery module, and a plurality of the battery modules are electrically connected via the connecting piece, and the electrical connection is a series connection.
  • the battery pack further includes a connecting piece, through which one of the first battery cells and one of the second battery cells are connected in series to form a battery module, and a plurality of the battery modules are electrically connected through the connecting piece, and the electrical connection is in parallel.
  • the liquid cooling plate is a harmonica tube structure.
  • the second aspect of the present application also provides an electric vehicle, comprising the battery pack as described in the first aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a top view of FIG1 ;
  • FIG5 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of point A in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of FIG5 after removing the first connecting sheet and the second connecting sheet;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the first battery cell and the second battery cell in the battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of a liquid cooling plate and a first battery cell in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of Fig. 8;
  • FIG10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at C in FIG9 ;
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid cooling plate in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a liquid cooling plate in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first battery cell in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second battery cell in the battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery cell assembly method and a battery pack. To make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present application clearer and more specific, the present application is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
  • an electric vehicle comprising a battery pack.
  • a battery pack is provided.
  • the battery pack 1 includes: a first battery cell 10 , a second battery cell 20 and a liquid cooling plate 30 .
  • the first battery cell 10 includes a first side wall 11 and a second side wall 12 that are oppositely disposed.
  • a sub-plate 31 of one liquid cooling plate 30 is oppositely disposed to a sub-plate 31 of another liquid cooling plate 30 and defines an accommodation cavity.
  • the two sub-plates 31 may be oppositely disposed along a direction intersecting the first direction X.
  • the two liquid cooling plates 30 adjacent to each other in the first direction X include a first liquid cooling plate 30a and a second liquid cooling plate 30b.
  • At least part of the sub-plates 31 in the first liquid cooling plate 30a and at least part of the sub-plates 31 in the second liquid cooling plate 30b correspond to each other in a one-to-one manner.
  • An accommodation cavity is defined between the two sub-plates 31.
  • a first battery cell 10 is disposed in each accommodation cavity.
  • the first side wall 11 of the first battery cell 10 is connected to the sub-plate 31 in the first liquid cooling plate 30a, and the second side wall 12 is connected to the sub-plate 31 in the second liquid cooling plate 30b.
  • each liquid cooling plate 30 includes multiple sub-plates 31 arranged and connected along the second direction Y. At least two sub-plates 31 adjacent to each other along the second direction Y have an angle ⁇ between them.
  • the radian of the angle ⁇ is ⁇ rad, satisfying: 0 ⁇ .
  • the openings of the two adjacent angles ⁇ along the second direction Y face in opposite directions. The so-called “facing in opposite directions” means that the two adjacent angles ⁇ along the second direction Y are alternately distributed on both sides of the liquid cooling plate 30 along the first direction X, so that the liquid cooling plate 30 can present a broken line structure.
  • the first battery cell 10 is tiltedly arranged between the two liquid cooling plates 30, so as to limit and fix the first battery cell 10 in the first direction X and the second direction Y, so as to improve the connection reliability between the two adjacent first battery cells 10.
  • the length and width of the battery pack composed of the liquid cooling plate 30 and the first battery cell 10 can be adjusted to achieve compatibility with different battery pack sizes, and the corresponding liquid cooling plate 30 only needs to be adjusted to the angle corresponding to the fitting of the sub-plate 31 and the first battery cell 10 to achieve the adaptability of the battery pack.
  • the side plate and the internal beam structure can no longer be set in the battery pack 1, which can greatly improve the space utilization inside the battery pack 1, improve the structural strength and energy density of the battery pack 1, and thus improve the performance of the battery pack 1.
  • the liquid cooling plate 30 has a zigzag structure, and each accommodating cavity is also connected and forms a zigzag structure, the first battery cell 10 disposed in the accommodating cavity can be limited and fixed in the first direction X and the second direction Y, and the first battery cell 10 can be prevented from moving in the second direction Y.
  • the two liquid cooling plates 30 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and the first battery cell 10 can be limited and fixed in the first direction X, so that the first battery cell 10 cannot move there, thereby achieving the fixation of the first battery cell 10 in the horizontal direction, reducing the loss of other components and materials required for fixing the first battery cell 10, ensuring the connection reliability between the first battery cell 10 and the liquid cooling plate 30, and thus improving the overall reliability of the battery pack 1.
  • liquid cooling plate 30 can replace the inner beam structure of the battery pack 1, play a role in guiding and supporting the first battery cell 10, reduce the type and number of components in the battery pack 1, realize the integration of functions, and achieve the effect of reducing the cost of the battery pack 1 and achieving the lightweight effect of the battery pack 1.
  • the first battery cell 10 includes a third side wall 13 and a fourth side wall 14 opposite to each other.
  • the maximum space virtually enclosed between the outer contour lines of the third side wall 13 of one and the fourth side wall 14 of the other can be the accommodation space 131.
  • the existence of the accommodation space 131 will reduce the space utilization rate in the battery pack 1, thereby affecting the energy density of the battery pack 1.
  • a second battery cell 20 is arranged in the accommodation space 131.
  • the second battery cell 20 is arranged in the accommodation space 131, so that the space in the accommodation space 131 can be utilized, thereby improving the space utilization rate of the entire battery pack 1 and improving the energy density of the battery pack 1.
  • two or more second battery cells 20 are arranged in the accommodation space 131 defined by two adjacent first battery cells 10 in the second direction Y.
  • the two or more second battery cells 20 constitute a battery unit, and the battery unit can separate two adjacent first battery cells 10 to avoid direct compression of the two adjacent first battery cells 10.
  • the second battery cells 20 can be special-shaped batteries, and gaps will be formed between adjacent second battery cells 20. At this time, the gaps between the multiple second battery cells 20 in the battery unit can provide space for the expansion of each first battery cell 10, thereby improving the cycle performance of the first battery cell 10 and extending the life of the first battery cell 10.
  • battery cells are provided outside both ends of the first battery cell 10 in the second direction Y, and the battery cells can protect the first battery cell 10 from both ends to reduce the risk of failure of the first battery cell 10 .
  • a battery cell is disposed at least at one end of the first battery cell 10 in the second direction Y.
  • the gap between the battery cells can disperse the stress to a certain extent, thereby reducing the risk of failure of the first battery cell 10.
  • the volume of the first battery cell 10 is greater than the volume of the second battery cell 20.
  • the projection area of the first battery cell 10 along the third direction Z on a plane perpendicular to the third direction Z is greater than the corresponding projection area of the second battery cell 20.
  • the projections of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 may be the same in shape but different in area; In the embodiments shown in FIGS.
  • the first battery cell 10 is a square battery, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the first battery cell 10 in the third direction Z is a square, and the second battery cell 20 is a cylindrical battery, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is a circle.
  • the second battery cell 20 may be a special-shaped battery, for example, the shape of the orthographic projection of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is an ellipse, a triangle, a pentagon or an irregular shape, as long as the shape of the orthographic projection of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is different from the shape of the orthographic projection of the first battery cell 10 in the third direction Z, so that the volumes of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 are different, so that the second battery cell 20 can fill the gap between adjacent first battery cells 10.
  • the shape of the orthographic projection of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is an ellipse, a triangle, a pentagon or an irregular shape, as long as the shape of the orthographic projection of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is different from the shape of the orthographic projection of the first battery cell 10 in the third direction Z, so that the volumes of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 are different, so that the second battery cell 20 can fill the gap between adjacent
  • the first battery cell 10 includes a third side wall 13 and a fourth side wall 14 that are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the first side wall 11, the third side wall 13, the second side wall 12, and the fourth side wall 14 are sequentially connected end to end to enclose a hollow cube with two open ends.
  • an accommodation space 131 is defined between the third side wall 13 of one and the fourth side wall 14 of the other.
  • the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 are defined only for the convenience of describing the relationship between the first battery cells 10, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the order of the faces in the first battery cell 10, that is, in two first battery cells 10 that are adjacently arranged along the second direction Y, an accommodation space 131 may be defined between the third side wall 13 of one and the third side wall 13 of the other.
  • the first battery cell 10 includes side walls arranged opposite to each other, and the side walls of adjacent first battery cells 10 define an accommodation space 131.
  • the first battery cell 10 has a thickness direction, and along the thickness direction, the first battery cell 10 has an opposite first end 1311 and a second end 1312; in the second direction Y, the size between the second ends 1312 of adjacent first battery cells 10 is greater than the size between the first ends 1311; the second battery cell 20 is arranged adjacent to the second end 1312.
  • the size of the second battery cell 20 in the accommodation space 131 can be as large as possible to maximize the volume utilization of the battery pack.
  • the third side wall 13 of one and the fourth side wall 14 of the other are arranged adjacent to each other, and the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 define an accommodation space 131.
  • the third side wall 13 of one first battery cell 10 and the fourth side wall 14 of another first battery cell 10 have an angle between their planes, so that the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 are
  • An accommodating space 131 having a cross-section of a horizontally placed triangle or a horizontally placed trapezoidal structure is formed between the walls 14 .
  • the opening direction of the angle ⁇ between two adjacent sub-plates 31 along the second direction Y faces the second end 1312 of the accommodating space 131, so that the third side wall 13, the fourth side wall 14 and the adjacent liquid cooling plate 30 enclose a accommodating space, which is the accommodating space 131.
  • the first battery cell 10 can be disassembled or installed through the accommodating space 131, and the second battery cell 20 can be placed in the accommodating space 131 to improve the utilization rate of the space occupied by the accommodating space 131.
  • a first battery cell 10 when a first battery cell 10 is damaged, it can be removed through the accommodating space 131 near it, and the second battery cell 20 can also be taken out of the accommodating space 131.
  • each first battery cell 10 can be disassembled through the accommodating space for cascade utilization.
  • the disassembled first battery cell 10 can be used in some charging and discharging fields with low requirements, so as to improve the maintenance economy of the battery pack.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z intersect each other.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the so-called “perpendicular” not only includes the absolutely perpendicular situation, but also includes the generally perpendicular situation in engineering.
  • “perpendicular” refers to the state where the angle formed by a straight line, a straight line and a plane, or a plane and a plane is 89° to 91°.
  • the first battery cell 10 also includes a bottom wall 15 and a top wall 16 that are relatively arranged.
  • the bottom wall 15 and the top wall 16 respectively cover the two ends of the hollow cube formed by the first side wall 11, the third side wall 13, the second side wall 12, and the fourth side wall 14 that are connected end to end in sequence, so as to form a hexahedral structure together.
  • the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 are the walls with the largest surface area in the hexahedral structure.
  • the two walls with the largest surface area of the first battery cell 10 are connected to the sub-plate 31 of the liquid cooling plate 30.
  • the first battery cell 10 will generate heat during charging and discharging.
  • the two walls with the largest surface area of the first battery cell 10 are connected to the sub-plate 31, and the area available for heat exchange is the largest, so that heat exchange of the first battery cell 10 can be achieved to a large extent, thereby improving the thermal management effect.
  • the first side wall 11 is a wall with the largest surface area in the hexahedral structure.
  • the second side wall 12 is a wall with the largest surface area in the hexahedral structure.
  • a thermally conductive structural adhesive is arranged between the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 and the connected sub-plate 31.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive can connect the first battery cell 10 to the liquid cooling plate 30 to enhance the overall connection strength. At the same time, it can also increase the thermal conductivity between the liquid cooling plate 30 and the first battery cell 10, thereby enhancing the temperature management of the first battery cell 10 by the liquid cooling plate 30.
  • the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 of the first battery cell 10 are respectively connected to the adjacent sub-plate 31, that is, the two side surfaces with relatively small surface areas in the first battery cell 10 are connected to the sub-plate 31, so that more first battery cells 10 can be sandwiched between the liquid cooling plates 30 to increase the capacity of the battery pack 1.
  • the specific selection can be made according to actual usage requirements.
  • the second battery cell 20 is connected to at least one of the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14. In the embodiments shown in Figures 6 and 7, the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 is connected to the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 respectively. In some embodiments of the present application, the second battery cell 20 is connected to the third side wall 13.
  • the second battery cell 20 is connected to the fourth side wall 14 .
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 is in contact with the side wall of the first battery cell 10, which can reduce the heat transfer area between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20, and reduce the heat transfer rate between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20.
  • the risk of heat diffusion is reduced, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 1.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 in contact with the third side wall 13 is an arc surface, and the wall surface of the third side wall 13 is a plane.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 can directly abut the third side wall 13, or other structures can be provided to connect to the third side wall 13.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 can be bonded to the third side wall 13 by colloid to improve the stability of the connection between the second battery cell 20 and the first battery cell 10.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 in contact with the fourth side wall 14 is an arc surface, and the wall surface of the fourth side wall 14 is a plane.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 can directly abut against the fourth side wall 14, or other structures can be provided to connect to the fourth side wall 14.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 can be bonded to the fourth side wall 14 by colloid to improve the stability of the connection between the second battery cell 20 and the first battery cell 10.
  • the outer wall surfaces of the second battery cell 20 in contact with the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 may be arc surfaces, which may be elliptical arc surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, spherical surfaces or other arc-shaped surfaces, which may be selected according to actual usage requirements.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 in contact with the third side wall 13 is a curved surface, which may be an elliptical curved surface, a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface or other curved surfaces, which may be selected according to actual use requirements.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 in contact with the fourth side wall 14 is a curved surface, which may be an elliptical curved surface, a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface or other curved surfaces, which may be selected according to actual use requirements.
  • the liquid cooling plate 30 also includes a connecting portion 32, and two sub-plates 31 adjacently arranged along the second direction Y are connected via the connecting portion 32.
  • the connecting portion 32 and the second battery cell 20 are arranged along the first direction X.
  • the side of the connecting portion 32 facing the second battery cell 20 in the first direction X is an arc surface.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 facing the connecting portion 32 in the first direction X is an arc surface, so that the second battery cell 20 is in contact with the connecting portion 32, and the two sub-plates 31 adjacently arranged along the second direction Y can form a clamping and fixation for the second battery cell 20 in the second direction Y.
  • a thermally conductive structural adhesive is provided between the second battery cell 20 and the connecting portion 32.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive can connect the second battery cell 20 to the liquid cooling plate 30, thereby enhancing the overall connection strength. At the same time, it can also increase the thermal conductivity between the liquid cooling plate 30 and the second battery cell 20, thereby enhancing the temperature management of the second battery cell 20 by the liquid cooling plate 30.
  • two sub-plates 31 adjacently arranged along the second direction Y in the liquid cooling plate 30 are connected in sequence. Specifically, two sub-plates 31 adjacently arranged along the second direction Y are directly connected.
  • the outer wall surface of the second battery cell 20 is connected to the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 respectively, the second battery cell 20 is arranged at the second end 1312 of the accommodating space 131, and a filling cavity 1313 is defined in the accommodating space 131 between the second battery cell 20 and the first end 1311, and a filler is arranged in the filling cavity 1313, and one end of the filler in the first direction X is against the second battery cell 20, and the filler is a heat insulating material.
  • the heat insulating material is filled in the filling cavity 1313 of the accommodating space 131, and the heat insulating material can be placed between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell.
  • the filler is connected to the first battery cell 10 .
  • the filler is connected to the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 respectively.
  • the thermal conductivity of the filler is 0.012W/m ⁇ K to 0.07W/m ⁇ K.
  • the thermal conductivity of the filler can be 0.012W/m ⁇ K, 0.013W/m ⁇ K, 0.015W/m ⁇ K, 0.018W/m ⁇ K, 0.019W/m ⁇ K, 0.020W/m ⁇ K, 0.021W/m ⁇ K, 0.022W/m ⁇ K, 0.023W/m ⁇ K, 0.024W/m ⁇ K, 0.03W/m ⁇ K, 0.04W/m ⁇ K, 0.05W/m ⁇ K, 0.06W/m ⁇ K, 0.07W/m ⁇ K or a range of values consisting of any two numbers therein.
  • the filler When the thermal conductivity of the filler is within the above range, the filler can have good thermal insulation performance, and the cost of the filler can be reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the battery pack 1.
  • the thermal conductivity of the filler When the thermal conductivity of the filler is lower than 0.012 W/m ⁇ K, the thermal conductivity is too small. Although the thermal insulation performance is excellent, the cost required will be quite expensive, which will increase the manufacturing cost of the battery pack 1.
  • the thermal insulation coefficient of the filler When the thermal insulation coefficient of the filler is higher than 0.07 W/m ⁇ K, the thermal insulation effect is weak and cannot meet the requirement of blocking the conduction path of heat generated by the runaway battery cell when at least one of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 thermally runs away.
  • the filler is aerogel.
  • the maximum dimension spacing of the second battery cell 20 along the first direction X is D 1 mm.
  • the sub-plate 31 includes a first surface 311 and a second surface 312 that are opposite to each other in the fourth direction W.
  • the spacing between the first surface 311 and the second surface 312 that are opposite to each other is D 2 mm, satisfying: D 1 ⁇ D 2 .
  • the maximum dimension spacing D 1 of the second battery cell 20 along the first direction X can be measured by using a vernier caliper to clamp the second battery cell 20 relative to the outer wall surface in the first direction X to measure the spacing of the outer wall surface in the first direction X.
  • the maximum value among the measured multiple spacings is taken, which is the maximum dimension spacing D 1 of the second battery cell 20 along the first direction X.
  • the fourth direction W intersects with the plane where the first side wall 11 of the first battery cell 10 is located.
  • the fourth direction W is orthogonal to the plane where the first side wall 11 of the first battery cell 10 is located.
  • the first side wall 11 is an irregular plane, resulting in the first side wall 11 having multiple different planes.
  • each plane on the first side wall 11 has a fourth direction W intersecting with the plane, that is, the fourth direction W can be a plurality of different directions.
  • the second battery cell 20 is a cylindrical battery
  • D1 is the diameter of the second battery cell 20.
  • the diameter of the second battery cell 20 is too large, the space between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 cannot be effectively utilized due to the configuration, and the diameter of the second battery cell 20 is too large, which hinders the liquid cooling plate 30 from gathering the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20, wastes a lot of space, reduces the volume utilization rate of the entire battery pack 1, effectively utilizes the space, and reduces the loss of energy density of the battery pack 1.
  • D1 and D2 are in the above relationship, a second battery cell 20 can be placed in each accommodating space 131. In this way, the space occupied by the accommodating space 131 can be better utilized, and the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 can be firmly connected, thereby taking into account both the volume utilization rate and the safety of the battery pack.
  • the maximum dimension of the first battery cell 10 in the third direction Z is H 1 mm.
  • the first battery cell 10 further includes a pole 161 protruding from the top wall 16.
  • the maximum dimension H 1 is the distance between the plane where the bottom wall 15 of the first battery cell 10 is located and the plane where the side of the pole 161 facing away from the top wall 16 is located, in the third direction Z.
  • the dimension of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is H 2 mm, satisfying: 0.9 ⁇ H 2 /H 1 ⁇ 1.1.
  • the ratio of H 2 to H 1 can be 0.92, 0.97, 1.01, 1.05, 1.08, or a range of any two of them.
  • the ratio of H2 to H1 is lower than 0.9, or the ratio of H2 to H1 is higher than 1.1, the height difference between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 is too large, the busbar used for electrical connection of adjacent battery cells is too large, the difficulty of arranging and electrically connecting the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 in the battery pack 1 increases, and electrical connection failure is prone to occur.
  • the ratio of H2 to H1 is within the above range, the height of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 is close, the difficulty of arranging and electrically connecting the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 is effectively reduced, the convenience of assembly of the battery pack 1 is improved, and the electrical safety of the battery pack is improved.
  • the ratio of H2 to H1 is 1, that is, the ratio of the first battery cell 10 to the second battery cell 20 are of equal height, which is convenient for the arrangement and electrical connection of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20.
  • 60 ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 150, and 60 ⁇ H 2 ⁇ 150 are integers.
  • the second battery cell 20 includes a main body 21 and a connection end 22 , the main body 21 extends along a third direction Z, and the connection end 22 protrudes from a top surface of the main body 21 in the third direction Z.
  • H2 and H1 are both heights including the connection end 22.
  • the distance between the top surface and the bottom surface of the battery cell in the height direction can be measured multiple times with a vernier caliper, and the average value is taken to obtain H2 or H1 .
  • two first battery cells 10 adjacent along the second direction Y and the second battery cell 20 between the two first battery cells 10 are connected in series.
  • one first battery cell 10 is electrically connected to the connection end 22 of the second battery cell 20 through the first connecting piece 41
  • the other first battery cell 10 is electrically connected to the connection end 22 of the second battery cell 20 through the second connecting piece 42 , thereby realizing the series connection of the three.
  • the two first battery cells 10 adjacent along the first direction X are connected in series through the third connecting piece 43 , thereby realizing the series connection between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 in the battery pack 1 .
  • the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 may be connected in parallel by changing the connection mode of the connecting sheet according to the output voltage requirement of the battery pack 1 .
  • a part of the first battery cells 10 and the second battery cells 20 can be connected in series, and another part of the first battery cells 10 and the second battery cells 20 can be connected in parallel.
  • multiple first battery cells 10 are electrically connected, and the electrical connection includes at least one of a series connection and a parallel connection.
  • Multiple second battery cells 20 are electrically connected, and the electrical connection includes at least one of a series connection and a parallel connection.
  • the specific connection method of the electrical connection can be selected according to the output voltage requirement of the battery pack 1.
  • a plurality of first battery cells 10 are connected in series via a connecting sheet, and a plurality of second battery cells 20 are connected in series via a connecting sheet.
  • a plurality of first battery cells 10 are connected in parallel via a connecting sheet, and a plurality of second battery cells 10 are connected in parallel via a connecting sheet.
  • the battery cells 20 are connected in series via connecting plates.
  • a plurality of first battery cells 10 are connected in series via a connecting piece, and a plurality of second battery cells 20 are connected in parallel via a connecting piece.
  • a plurality of first battery cells 10 are connected in parallel via a connecting sheet, and a plurality of second battery cells 20 are connected in parallel via a connecting sheet.
  • a first battery cell 10 and a second battery cell 20 are connected in series to form a battery module, and a plurality of battery modules are electrically connected, and the electrical connection includes at least one of a series connection and a parallel connection.
  • the specific connection method of the electrical connection can be selected according to the output voltage requirement of the battery pack 1.
  • a plurality of battery modules are connected in series.
  • a plurality of battery modules are connected in parallel.
  • some of the battery modules are connected in series, and another part of the battery modules are connected in parallel.
  • the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 are both lithium-ion batteries.
  • the first battery cell 10 is a lithium-ion battery cell
  • the second battery cell 20 is a sodium-ion battery cell
  • the first battery cell 10 is a ternary lithium battery cell
  • the second battery cell 20 is a sodium ion battery cell or a lithium iron phosphate battery cell.
  • a flow channel 33 for a heat transfer fluid to flow is provided in the liquid cooling plate 30, and the flow channel 33 penetrates at least a portion of the sub-plates 31 along the arrangement direction of the sub-plates 31, and the flow channel 33 penetrates the connection portion 32.
  • the flow channel 33 in the liquid cooling plate 30 is provided, and a heat transfer fluid can be injected into the liquid cooling plate 30, the liquid cooling plate 30 is in contact with the first side wall 11 or the second side wall 12 of the first battery cell 10, and the connection portion 32 of the liquid cooling plate 30 is in contact with the second battery cell 20.
  • the liquid cooling plate 30 can adjust the temperature of the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 (heating or cooling) through the heat transfer fluid therein, so that the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 are kept in a suitable operating temperature range.
  • the inner wall surface of the part of the flow channel 33 that passes through the connecting portion 32 is arc-shaped, so that the adjacent The smooth connection of the flow channels 33 in the two sub-plates 31 reduces the flow resistance of the heat transfer fluid flowing in the flow channels 33 when flowing therethrough, thereby increasing the heat exchange rate between the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 and enhancing the thermal management effect.
  • the liquid cooling plate 30 includes a body and a reinforcing rib 34 disposed on the body, the reinforcing rib 34 being disposed in the flow channel 33, the flow channel 33 having two inner side walls disposed oppositely in a direction perpendicular to the first side wall 11 or the second side wall 12, and the two ends of the reinforcing rib 34 being respectively connected to the two inner side walls of the flow channel 33.
  • the reinforcing rib 34 is disposed in at least part of the sub-plates 31 of each liquid cooling plate 30, the reinforcing rib 34 is disposed in the sub-plate 31 along the extension direction of the sub-plate 31 where the reinforcing rib 34 is located, the opposite ends of the reinforcing rib 34 in the first direction X are respectively connected to the two inner side walls of the flow channel 33, and the reinforcing ribs 34 in two sub-plates 31 disposed adjacently in the second direction Y may be connected or not, and the selection is made according to actual use requirements.
  • the reinforcement ribs 34 provide structural support for the liquid cooling plate 30 .
  • the reinforcement ribs 34 do not occupy too much space in the flow channel 33 inside the liquid cooling plate 30 , and provide enough space for the circulation of the heat transfer fluid, thereby taking into account both the strength of the liquid cooling plate and the thermal management effect of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack 1 further includes: a box body 50 , a liquid inlet pipe 60 and a liquid outlet pipe 70 .
  • a plurality of first battery cells 10 and a plurality of second battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 50 and supported on the inner bottom wall of the box 50.
  • the first direction X is parallel to the width direction of the box 50
  • the second direction Y is parallel to the length direction of the box 50, so that the internal space of the box 50 can be fully utilized, and the utilization rate of the internal space of the box 50 can be improved.
  • the first direction X may have an angle with the width direction of the box 50
  • the second direction Y may have an angle with the length direction of the box 50.
  • the shape of the box 50 is not limited.
  • the box 50 is not necessary.
  • taking the electrical equipment as a vehicle, that is, the battery pack 1 is installed in the vehicle, the liquid cooling plate 30, the first battery cell 10 and the second battery cell 20 can also be directly installed on the body of the vehicle.
  • the box 50 is used to be installed on the body of the vehicle, and the length direction or width direction of the box 50 is parallel to the length direction or width direction of the vehicle body, wherein the length direction of the vehicle body is the direction of travel, so that the accommodation space in the length direction of the vehicle body can be fully utilized to avoid occupying the width direction of the vehicle body. Excessive space facilitates the assembly and installation of other components on the vehicle body, thereby improving space utilization.
  • the length direction of the box body 50 may intersect with the length or width direction of the vehicle body, which is not limited here.
  • the liquid inlet pipe 60 extends along the first direction X, and the liquid inlets 35 of the multiple liquid cooling plates 30 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipe 60.
  • a liquid supply port 61 is provided at one end of the liquid inlet pipe 60 in the first direction X, and the liquid supply port 61 is located outside the box body 50.
  • the liquid outlet pipe 70 extends along the first direction X, and the liquid inlet pipe 60 and the liquid outlet pipe 70 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y.
  • the liquid outlets 36 of the multiple liquid cooling plates 30 are respectively connected to the liquid outlet pipe 70.
  • the liquid inlet pipe 60 and the liquid outlet pipe 70 are connected through the flow channel 33 in the liquid cooling plate 30.
  • a liquid return port 71 is provided at one end of the liquid outlet pipe 70 in the first direction X, and the liquid return port 71 is located outside the box body 50.
  • the design of the liquid inlet pipe 60 can be connected to the liquid inlets 35 of multiple liquid cooling plates 30 respectively, and the heat-conducting fluid can be injected into multiple liquid cooling plates 30 at the same time through a liquid supply port 61.
  • the liquid outlet pipe 70 is provided and can be connected to the liquid outlets 36 of multiple liquid cooling plates 30 respectively.
  • the heat-conducting fluid in the liquid cooling plate 30 can be recovered through a liquid return port 71, thereby realizing the circulation of the heat-conducting fluid, improving the utilization rate of the heat-conducting fluid, avoiding occupying too much space in the box body 50, improving space utilization, and realizing thermal management of multiple first battery cells 10 and second battery cells 20 in the battery pack 1.
  • test cases 1 to 4 The following are test cases 1 to 4:
  • a battery pack includes: a box body 50, the box body 50 is provided with a accommodating cavity, and 88 first battery cells 10, 77 second battery cells 20 and 12 liquid cooling plates 30 arranged in the accommodating cavity of the box body 50, wherein the liquid cooling plates 30 include 8 sub-plates 31 arranged and connected in a second direction Y, and in two adjacent liquid cooling plates 30, the sub-plates 31 of one liquid cooling plate 30 are arranged opposite to the sub-plates 31 of the other liquid cooling plate 30 and define an accommodating cavity, wherein a first battery cell 10 is arranged in the accommodating cavity; wherein the first battery cell 10 is connected to the adjacent sub-plate 31; and along the second direction Y, there is an accommodating space 131 between two adjacent first battery cells 10, wherein a second battery cell 20 is arranged in the accommodating space 131, and the volume of the first battery cell 10 is greater than the volume of the second battery cell 20.
  • the maximum dimension of the first battery cell 10 in the third direction Z is H 1 mm, and the maximum dimension of the second battery cell 20 in the third direction Z is H 2 mm.
  • a vibration test was performed on the above embodiment according to GB38031 2020.
  • the battery pack and electric vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in the present application to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solutions and core ideas of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

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Abstract

公开一种电池包及电动汽车，设置多个液冷板，每个液冷板包括子板，相对设置的两个子板之间限定出容纳腔，电池单体与邻近的子板相连接，相邻的两个电池单体之间具有容置空间，容置空间中设置第二电池单体，提升电池包的空间利用率，进而提升电池包的能量密度。

Description

电池包及电动汽车
本申请要求于2023年06月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为202321638970.5、发明名称为“电池包及电动汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池包及电动汽车。
背景技术
现有的电池包中，电池单体夹设于两个相互平行的液冷板之间，但在相邻的两个液冷板之间的相邻的两个电池单体之间形成空隙，导致电池包内空间利用率较低。
技术解决方案
本申请的第一方面提供一种电池包，包括：多个第一电池单体；多个第二电池单体；多个液冷板，沿第一方向间隔排布，所述液冷板包括多个沿第二方向排布并相连的子板，相邻的两个所述液冷板中，其中一个液冷板的子板与另一个液冷板的子板相对设置并限定出容纳腔，所述容纳腔内设置有至少一个所述第一电池单体；所述第一电池单体与所述子板相接；沿所述第二方向，相邻的两个所述第一电池单体之间具有容置空间，所述容置空间内设置有至少一个所述第二电池单体，所述第一电池单体的体积大于所述第二电池单体的体积。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一电池单体包括相对设置的侧壁，相邻的所述第一电池单体的所述侧壁限定出所述容置空间，所述第一电池单体具有厚度方向，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一电池单体具有相对的第一端和第二端；在所述第二方向上，相邻的第一电池单体的所述第二端之间的尺寸大于所述第一端之间的尺寸；所述第二电池单体邻近所述第二端设置。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第二方向，至少部分相邻设置的两个所述子板之间具有夹角α，所述夹角α的弧度为θrad，满足：0＜θ＜π。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电池单体包括相对设置的第一侧壁和第二侧壁、相对设置 的第三侧壁和第四侧壁，所述第一侧壁和第二侧壁为表面积最大的面；所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁分别与相邻的所述子板相接。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电池单体还包括相对设置的第三侧壁和第四侧壁，所述第二电池单体与所述第四侧壁相连接，所述第二电池单体与所述第三侧壁相连接；所述第二电池单体与所述第三侧壁相接触的外壁面为弧面。
在一些实施例中，所述第二电池单体与所述第四侧壁相接触的外壁面为弧面。
在一些实施例中，所述容置空间内还设置有填充物，所述填充物与所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的至少一者相连；所述填充物的导热系数为0.012W/m·K～0.07W/m·K。
在一些实施例中，所述第二电池单体沿所述第一方向的最大尺寸为D1mm；所述子板包括在第四方向上相对的第一表面和第二表面，相邻的两个液冷板中的相对设置的两个所述子板中，在第四方向上相对设置的第一表面和第二表面之间的间距为D2mm，满足：D1＜D2；所述第四方向与第一侧壁所处平面相交。
在一些实施例中，所述第二电池单体为圆柱形电池；所述第一电池单体为方形电池。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电池单体在第三方向上的最大尺寸为H1mm，所述第二电池单体在第三方向上的最大尺寸为H2mm，满足：0.9≤H2/H1≤1.1，所述第三方向与第一方向、第二方向两两相交。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，所述第一电池单体与所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接包括串联和并联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，所述第一电池单体与所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接为串联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，所述第一电池单体与所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接为并联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，多个所述第一电池单体之间通过所述连 接片电连接，多个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接包括串联和并联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，多个所述第一电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，多个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接为串联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，多个所述第一电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，多个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接为并联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，一个所述第一电池单体与一个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片串联连接组成一个电池模块，多个所述电池模块之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接包括串联和并联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，一个所述第一电池单体与一个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片串联连接组成一个电池模块，多个所述电池模块之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接为串联。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括连接片，一个所述第一电池单体与一个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片串联连接组成一个电池模块，多个所述电池模块之间通过所述连接片电连接，所述电连接为并联。
在一些实施例中，所述液冷板为口琴管结构。
同时，本申请第二方面还提供一种电动汽车，包括如第一方面所述的电池包。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例所提供的电池包的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例所提供的电池包的爆炸图；
图3是本申请实施例所提供的电池包的部分分解结构示意图；
图4是图1的俯视图；
图5是图4的A处放大结构示意图；
图6是去除第一连接片和第二连接片后的图5的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例所提供的电池包中第一电池单体与第二电池单体的连接结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例所提供的电池包中液冷板与第一电池单体的组合结构示意图；
图9是图8的B-B向剖视图；
图10是图9的C处放大结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例所提供的电池包中液冷板的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例所提供的电池包中液冷板的局部结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例所提供的电池包中第一电池单体的结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例所提供的电池包中第二电池单体的结构示意图。
本申请的实施方式
本申请提供一种电池单体、电池单体的装配方法及电池包，为使本申请的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本申请进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的一些实施例中，提供一种电动汽车，包括一种电池包。
在本申请的一些实施例中，提供一种电池包，参照图1～图14，电池包1包括：第一电池单体10、第二电池单体20和液冷板30。
参照图13，第一电池单体10包括相对设置的第一侧壁11和第二侧壁12，参照图1～图4，在第一方向X上相邻的两个液冷板30中，其中一个液冷板30的子板31与另一个液冷板30的子板31相对设置并限定出容纳腔，需要说明的是，两个子板31可以是沿着与第一方向X相交的方向相对设置；具体地，参照图3，在第一方向X上相邻的两个液冷板30包括第一液冷板30a和第二液冷板30b，第一液冷板30a中的至少部分子板31和第二液冷板30b中的至少部分子板31一一对应，两子板31之间限定出一容纳腔，在图3所示实施例中，每个容纳腔内设置有一个第一电池单体10，该第一电池单体10的第一侧壁11与第一液冷板30a中的子板31相连接，第二侧壁12与第二液冷板30b中的子板31相连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图1～图4，液冷板30的数量为多个，多个液冷板30沿第一方向X间隔排布，每个液冷板30包括多个沿第二方向Y排布并相连的子板31，至少部分沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31之间具有夹角α，夹角α的弧度为θrad，满足：0＜θ＜π，参照图12，沿第二方向Y相邻的两个夹角α的开口朝向相反，所谓“朝向相反”，即沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个夹角α交替分布于液冷板30沿第一方向X的两侧，如此可使得液冷板30呈现折线结构。
由于沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两子板31之间的夹角α结构的设计，使得第一电池单体10倾斜设置于两液冷板30之间，实现对第一电池单体10在第一方向X和第二方向Y上进行限位、固定，以提升相邻两第一电池单体10之间的连接可靠性。根据夹角α的弧度θ大小的变化，可以调节液冷板30与第一电池单体10组成的电池组整体的长度与宽度，实现对不同电池包尺寸的兼容，而对应的液冷板30只需要调整成子板31与第一电池单体10对应贴合的角度即可，实现电池包适应性。通过液冷板30将多个第一电池单体10连接成整体，这种情况下，电池包1内可以不再设置侧板，也可以不需要再设置内梁等结构，可以较大限度地提升电池包1内部的空间利用率，提升电池包1的结构强度和能量密度，从而提升电池包1的性能。
由于液冷板30具有折线形结构，各个容纳腔也相连通且形成折线形结构，因此能够对设置于容纳腔内的第一电池单体10在第一方向X和第二方向Y上进行限位、固定，防止第一电池单体10在第二方向Y上的移动，而两液冷板30沿第一方向X间隔排布，可实现对第一电池单体10在第一方向X上的限位、固定，使得第一电池单体10在该处无法移动，从而实现对第一电池单体10在水平方向上的固定，减少其他对第一电池单体10固定所需的部件和材料的损耗，保证第一电池单体10与液冷板30之间的连接可靠性，进而提升电池包1的整体可靠性。另外，液冷板30可以取代电池包1的内梁结构，起到对第一电池单体10的导力和支撑作用，减少电池包1内的部件类型和数量，实现功能的集成化，达到降低电池包1成本，实现电池包1轻量化的效果。
然而，由于液冷板30的折线形结构设计，参照图2～图3以及图5～图7，使得在第二方向Y上相邻的两个第一电池单体10之间具有容置空间131，具体地，第一电池单体10包括相对的第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14，在第二方向Y上相邻的两个第一电池单体10中，其中一者的第三侧壁13与另一者的第四侧壁14的外轮廓线之间虚拟围成的最大空间可以为容置空间131，该容置空间131的存在，会导致电池包1内的空间利用率降低，进而影响电池包1的能量密度，如图6和图7所示实施例中，容置空间131内设置有一个第二电池单体20。将第二电池单体20布置于容置空间131中，可实现对容置空间131内的空间的利用，从而提升了电池包1整包的空间利用率，提高了电池包1的能量密度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在第二方向Y上相邻的两个第一电池单体10所限定出的容置空间131中，设置有两个或两个以上第二电池单体20，该两个或两个以上第二电池单体20组成电池单元，电池单元可以将相邻的两个第一电池单体10隔开，以避免相邻的两个第一电池单体10彼此直接挤压。其中，第二电池单体20可以是异型电池，相邻的第二电池单体20之间会形成间隙，此时电池单元中多个第二电池单体20之间的间隙可以为每个第一电池单体10的膨胀提供空间，从而改善第一电池单体10的循环性能，延长第一电池单体10的寿命。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10在第二方向Y上的两端外侧均设置有电池单元，电池单元可以从两端保护第一电池单体10，以降低第一电池单体10失效的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10在第二方向Y上的至少一端设置有电池单元。当第一电池单体10在第二方向Y上的一侧受到外部冲击时，电池单元的间隙可以起到一定分散应力的作用，从而降低第一电池单体10失效的风险。
本实施例中，第一电池单体10的体积大于第二电池单体20的体积，当第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20在第三方向Z上的尺寸相同时，第一电池单体10沿第三方向Z在垂直于第三方向Z平面上的投影面积大于第二电池单体20相应的投影面积。在一些实施例中，第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20的投影可以是形状相同而面积不同；在图1～图9以及 图13～图14所示实施例中，第一电池单体10为方形电池，第一电池单体10在第三方向Z上的正投影的形状为方形，第二电池单体20为圆柱形电池，第二电池单体20在第三方向Z上的正投影的形状为圆形。在本申请的其他实现方式中，第二电池单体20可以选用异形电池，例如第二电池单体20在第三方向Z上的正投影的形状为椭圆形、三角形、五边形或者不规则图形，只要第二电池单体20在第三方向Z上的正投影的形状与第一电池单体10在第三方向Z上的正投影的形状相异即可，从而使得第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20的体积不同即可，使得第二电池单体20可以填补相邻第一电池单体10之间的间隙。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图13，第一电池单体10包括相对设置的第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14，第一侧壁11、第三侧壁13、第二侧壁12、第四侧壁14顺次首尾相连围合成具有两端敞口的中空立方体，参照图3以及图5～图7，沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个第一电池单体10中，其中一者的第三侧壁13与另一者的第四侧壁14之间限定出容置空间131。其中，需要理解的是，本实施例中第三侧壁13、第四侧壁14仅为方便描述第一电池单体10之间的关系而定义，其不能理解为对第一电池单体10中各个面顺序的限定，也即，可以是沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个第一电池单体10中，其中一者的第三侧壁13与另一者的第三侧壁13之间具有容置空间131。
第一电池单体10包括相对设置的侧壁，相邻的第一电池单体10的侧壁限定出容置空间131，第一电池单体10具有厚度方向，沿厚度方向，第一电池单体10具有相对的第一端1311和第二端1312；在第二方向Y上，相邻的第一电池单体10的第二端1312之间的尺寸大于第一端1311之间的尺寸；第二电池单体20邻近第二端1312设置。如此，在容置空间131中的第二电池单体20的尺寸可以尽可能地大，以最大程度提高电池包的体积利用率。可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，相邻第一电池单体10中，其中一者的第三侧壁13和另一者的第四侧壁14相邻设置，该第三侧壁13和该第四侧壁14限定出容置空间131。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图5～图7，一个第一电池单体10的第三侧壁13与另一个第一电池单体10的第四侧壁14所处平面之间具有夹角，从而在第三侧壁13和第四侧 壁14之间形成一截面为横置的三角形或横置的梯形结构的容置空间131。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图3以及图6，沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31之间的夹角α的开口方向朝向容置空间131的第二端1312，从而使得第三侧壁13、第四侧壁14与邻近的液冷板30之间围成一个容纳空间，此容纳空间即为容置空间131。可以通过此容置空间131拆卸或安装第一电池单体10，并可在该容置空间131内放置第二电池单体20，以提升容置空间131所占据空间的利用率。在一应用场景中，当某一个第一电池单体10损坏时，可以通过其附近的容置空间131将其拆除，也可将第二电池单体20从容置空间131中取出。在另一应用场景中，第一电池单体10包经过足够长时间使用后，机能老化，无法继续以正常状态工作时，可以通过容纳空间将各个第一电池单体10拆解，以进行梯次利用。拆解下来的第一电池单体10可以运用在一些要求不高的充放电领域。以提高电池包的维修经济性。
其中，第一方向X、第二方向Y与第三方向Z两两相交,在图1～图9以及图13～图14所示实施例中，第一方向X、第二方向Y与第三方向Z两两垂直。所谓的“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况，如“垂直”是指直线与直线、直线与面、或面与面形成的角度为89°～91°的状态
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10还包括相对设置的底壁15和顶壁16，底壁15和顶壁16分别盖合第一侧壁11、第三侧壁13、第二侧壁12、第四侧壁14顺次首尾相连围合成的中空立方体的两端敞口，以共同围成一个六面体结构，第一侧壁11和第二侧壁12为六面体结构中表面积最大的壁，第一电池单体10的表面积最大的两个壁与液冷板30的子板31相连接，第一电池单体10在充放电工作时会产生热量，第一电池单体10的表面积最大的两个壁与子板31相连接，可供换热的面积最大，能较大程度实现对第一电池单体10的热交换，提升热管理效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧壁11为六面体结构中表面积最大的壁。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二侧壁12为六面体结构中表面积最大的壁。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧壁11和第二侧壁12与所连接的子板31之间设置有导热结构胶，导热胶能够起到将第一电池单体10与液冷板30连接的作用，增强整体连接强度，同时还能增加液冷板30与第一电池单体10之间的导热效果，增强液冷板30对第一电池单体10的温度管理。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10的第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14分别与邻近的子板31相连接，即，第一电池单体10中表面积相对较小的两个侧面与子板31相连接，如此可在液冷板30之间夹设更多的第一电池单体10，提升电池包1的容量，具体可根据实际使用需求进行选择。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20与第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14中的至少一者相接。如图6和图7所示的实施例中，第二电池单体20的外壁面与第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14分别相接。在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20与第三侧壁13相接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20与第四侧壁14相接。
第二电池单体20的外壁面与第一电池单体10的侧壁相接触，可以减小第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20之间的热传递面积，降低第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20之间的热传递速率，当某个电池单体出现热失控时，降低热扩散的风险，提高电池包1的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20与第三侧壁13相接触的外壁面为弧面，第三侧壁13的壁面为平面，第二电池单体20的外壁面可以直接与第三侧壁13相抵，也可提供其他结构连接于第三侧壁13，例如，第二电池单体20的外壁面可以通过胶体粘接于第三侧壁13，以提升第二电池单体20与第一电池单体10之间连接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20与第四侧壁14相接接触的外壁面为弧面，第四侧壁14的壁面为平面，第二电池单体20的外壁面可以直接与第四侧壁14相抵，也可提供其他结构连接于第四侧壁14，例如，第二电池单体20的外壁面可以通过胶体粘接于第四侧壁14，以提升第二电池单体20与第一电池单体10之间连接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，与第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14相接触的第二电池单体20的外壁面均可以是弧面，弧面可以是椭圆弧面、圆柱面、球面或其它弧形曲面，具体可根据实际使用需求进行选择。
在本申请的一些实施例中，与第三侧壁13相接触的第二电池单体20的外壁面为弧面弧面可以是椭圆弧面、圆柱面、球面或其它弧形曲面，具体可根据实际使用需求进行选择。
在本申请的一些实施例中，与第四侧壁14相接触的第二电池单体20的外壁面为弧面，弧面可以是椭圆弧面、圆柱面、球面或其它弧形曲面，具体可根据实际使用需求进行选择。
在本申请的一些实施例中，液冷板30还包括连接部32，沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31之间通过连接部32连接，连接部32与第二电池单体20沿第一方向X布置，连接部32在第一方向X上朝向第二电池单体20的一面为弧面，相应地，第二电池单体20在第一方向X上朝向连接部32的外壁面为弧面，从而使得第二电池单体20与连接部32相贴合，沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31可形成对第二电池单体20在第二方向Y上的夹持、固定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20与连接部32之间设置有导热结构胶，导热胶能够起到将第二电池单体20与液冷板30连接的作用，增强整体连接强度，同时还能增加液冷板30与第二电池单体20之间的导热效果，增强液冷板30对第二电池单体20的温度管理。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图12，液冷板30中沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31之间依次连接，具体地，沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31之间直接连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图6和图7，第二电池单体20的外壁面与第三侧壁13和第四侧壁14分别相接，第二电池单体20布置于容置空间131的第二端1312，第二电池单体20与第一端1311之间在容置空间131内限定出一填充腔1313，该填充腔1313内设置有填充物，填充物在第一方向X上的一端与第二电池单体20相抵，填充物为隔热材料，在容置空间131的填充腔1313内填充隔热材料，可以在第一电池单体10和第二电池单体 20中任一者发生热失控时减缓甚至阻隔热蔓延，防止出现大范围的热失控导致安全隐患。
在本申请的一些实施例中，填充物与第一电池单体10相连。
在本申请的一些实施例中，填充物与第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20分别相连。
在本申请的一些实施例中，填充物的导热系数为0.012W/m·K～0.07W/m·K，具体地，填充物的导热系数可以为0.012W/m·K、0.013W/m·K、0.015W/m·K、0.018W/m·K、0.019W/m·K、0.020W/m·K、0.021W/m·K、0.022W/m·K、0.023W/m·K、0.024W/m·K、0.03W/m·K、0.04W/m·K、0.05W/m·K、0.06W/m·K、0.07W/m·K或其中任意两个数组成的范围值。当填充物的导热系数处于上述范围时，可使得填充物具有良好的隔热性能，还可以降低填充物的成本，进而降低电池包1的制造成本。当填充物的导热系数低于0.012W/m·K时，导热系数过小，隔热性能固然优良，但其所需成本会相当昂贵，会提高电池包1的制造成本，当填充物的隔热系数高于0.07W/m·K时，隔热效果微弱，无法满足在第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20中的至少一者热失控时阻隔失控的电池单体产生的热量的传导路径的要求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，填充物为气凝胶。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20沿第一方向X的最大尺寸间距为D1mm，参照图3，子板31包括在第四方向W上相对的第一表面311和第二表面312，相邻的两个液冷板30中的相对设置的两个子板31中，之间相对设置的第一表面311和第二表面312的间距为D2mm，满足：D1＜D2。其中，第二电池单体20沿第一方向X的最大尺寸间距D1的测量，可以采用游标卡尺，夹取第二电池单体20在第一方向X上相对外壁面，以测量外壁面在第一方向X上的间距，在所测得的多个间距中取最大值，即为第二电池单体20沿第一方向X的最大尺寸间距D1。
其中，第四方向W与第一电池单体10的第一侧壁11所处平面相交。在图3所示的实施例中，第四方向W与第一电池单体10的第一侧壁11所处平面正交。在本申请的其他实施例中，第一侧壁11为不规则平面，导致第一侧壁11存在多个不同的平面，多个平面的 朝向相异，第一侧壁11上的每个平面具有一个与该平面相交的第四方向W，即第四方向W可以是多个不同方向。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电池单体20为圆柱形电池，D1为第二电池单体20的直径，当第二电池单体20直径过大，使得第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20之间由于构型的原因无法有效利用空间，且第二电池单体20的直径过大，阻碍了液冷板30将第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20聚拢的趋势，浪费了众多空间，降低电池包1整包的体积利用率，有效地利用空间，降低电池包1的能量密度的损失，当D1和D2处于上述关系时，可以在每个容置空间131中放置一个第二电池单体20，如此，既能较好的利用容置空间131所占据的空间，又能稳固连接第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20，从而兼顾电池包的体积利用率和安全性。
在一些实施例中，10＜D1＜50，20＜D2＜160。
在另一些实施例中，20＜D1＜40，30＜D2＜120。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图13，第一电池单体10在第三方向Z上的最大尺寸为H1mm，具体地，第一电池单体10还包括凸出设置于顶壁16的极柱161，最大尺寸H1为第一电池单体10的底壁15所在平面与极柱161背离顶壁16一面所在平面，在第三方向Z上的距离。参照图14，第二电池单体20在第三方向Z上的尺寸为H2mm，满足：0.9≤H2/H1≤1.1，具体地，H2与H1的比值可以为0.92、0.97、1.01、1.05、1.08或其中任意两个数组成的范围值。H2与H1的比值低于0.9，或者H2与H1的比值高于1.1，则会导致第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20之间的高度差过于悬殊，用于相邻电池单体电连接的汇流排尺寸过大，电池包1内第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20的排布以及电连接的难度增高，容易发生电连接失效。H2与H1的比值处于上述范围时，第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20的高度接近，第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20的排布难度以及电连接难度得到有效降低，提升电池包1的组装便利性，提高电池包电安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，H2与H1的比值为1，即第一电池单体10与第二电池单体 20等高，便于第一电池单体10与第二电池单体20的排布以及电连接。
在一些实施例中，60≤H1≤150，60≤H2≤150。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图14，第二电池单体20包括主体部21和连接端22，主体部21沿第三方向Z延伸，连接端22凸出设置于主体部21在第三方向Z上的顶面。
在一些实施例中，H2与H1均为包括连接端22的高度。其中，可采用游标卡尺多次测量电池单体高度方向上的顶面和底面之间的距离，取平均值得到H2或H1。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图1～图5以及图7，沿第二方向Y相邻的两个第一电池单体10以及该两个第一电池单体10之间的第二电池单体20之间串联连接，参照图5和图7，沿第二方向Y相邻的两个第一电池单体10中，一个第一电池单体10通过第一连接片41与第二电池单体20的连接端22电连接，另一个第一电池单体10通过第二连接片42与第二电池单体20的连接端22电连接，从而实现三者的串联连接，沿第一方向X相邻的两个第一电池单体10之间则通过第三连接片43串联连接，从而实现电池包1内第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20之间的串联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可根据电池包1的输出电压需求，通过改变连接片的连接方式，实现第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20之间并联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可根据电池包1的输出电压需求，通过改变连接片的连接方式，实现一部分第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20之间串联连接，另一部分第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20之间并联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一电池单体10之间电连接，电连接包括串联连接和并联连接中的至少一者，多个第二电池单体20之间电连接，电连接包括串联连接和并联连接中的至少一者，具体可根据电池包1的输出电压需求，选择电连接的具体连接方式。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一电池单体10之间通过连接片串联连接，多个第二电池单体20之间通过连接片串联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一电池单体10之间通过连接片并联连接，多个第二 电池单体20之间通过连接片串联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一电池单体10之间通过连接片串联连接，多个第二电池单体20之间通过连接片并联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一电池单体10之间通过连接片并联连接，多个第二电池单体20之间通过连接片并联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，一个第一电池单体10与一个第二电池单体20之间串联连接组成一个电池模块，多个电池模块之间电连接，电连接包括串联连接和并联连接中的至少一者，具体可根据电池包1的输出电压需求，选择电连接的具体连接方式。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个电池模块之间串联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个电池模块之间并联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个电池模块中，一部分电池模块串联连接，另一部分电池模块并联连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20均为锂离子电池。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10为锂离子电池单体，第二电池单体20为钠离子电池单体。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电池单体10为三元锂电池单体，第二电池单体20为钠离子电池单体或磷酸铁锂电池单体。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图9和图10，液冷板30内设有供导热流体流动的流道33，流道33沿子板31的排布方向贯穿至少部分子板31，流道33贯穿连接部32。液冷板30内流道33的开设，可向液冷板30内注入导热流体，液冷板30与第一电池单体10的第一侧壁11或第二侧壁12相接触，液冷板30的连接部32与第二电池单体20相接触，液冷板30可通过其内的导热流体对第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20的温度进行调节(升温加热或降温冷却)，使得第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20保持在合适的工作温度区间。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接部32中贯穿的部分流道33内壁面为弧形，实现相邻 两个子板31中的流道33结构的圆滑连接，使得在流道33内流动的导热流体在流经此处时的流阻减少，提升与第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20间的换热速率，增强热管理效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图9和图10，液冷板30包括本体和设置于本体加强筋34，加强筋34设置于流道33中，流道33具有沿垂直于第一侧壁11或第二侧壁12的方向上相对设置的两个内侧壁，加强筋34的两端分别与流道33的两内侧壁相连接。具体地，加强筋34设置于每个液冷板30的至少部分子板31中，加强筋34沿其所在子板31的延伸方向设置于子板31中，加强筋34在第一方向X上的相对两端分别与流道33的两内侧壁相连接，沿第二方向Y相邻设置的两个子板31中的加强筋34之间可连接，也可不连接，根据实际使用需求进行选择。加强筋34的设置起到对液冷板30的结构支撑的作用，在提升液冷板30强度的同时，不会过多占用液冷板30内部的流道33的空间，给出足够空间用以导热流体的流通，从而兼顾液冷板的强度与电池包的热管理效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图1～图4，电池包1还包括：箱体50、进液管60和出液管70。
多个第一电池单体10和多个第二电池单体20容置于箱体50内，承载于箱体50的内底壁。其中，本实施例中的第一方向X与箱体50的宽度方向平行，第二方向Y与箱体50的长度方向平行，如此可充分利用箱体50的内部空间，提升箱体50内部空间利用率，在箱体50内部空间确定的情况下，在箱体50内装入更多第一电池单体10，提升电池包1的容量。在另一些实施例中，第一方向X可与箱体50的宽度方向之间具有夹角，第二方向Y与箱体50的长度方向之间具有夹角。
箱体50的形状不作限定。箱体50也不是必须的，在一些实施例中，以用电设备为车辆为例，即电池包1安装于车辆的场景中，液冷板30、第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20也可以直接安装于车辆的车体上。在本实施例中，箱体50用于安装于车辆的车体上，且箱体50的长度方向或宽度方向与车体的长度方向或宽度方向平行，其中，车体的长度方向为行进方向，如此可充分利用车体长度方向上的容纳空间，避免在车体宽度方向上占据 过多空间，便于其他部件在车体上的组装、装配，提升空间利用率。可以理解的是，在另一些实施例中，箱体50的长度方向可与车体的长度或宽度方向相交，这里不作限定。
进液管60沿第一方向X延伸，多个液冷板30的进液口35分别与进液管60连通，进液管60在第一方向X上的一端设置有供液口61，供液口61位于箱体50外侧，出液管70沿第一方向X延伸，进液管60与出液管70沿第二方向Y间隔设置，多个液冷板30的出液口36分别与出液管70连通，进液管60与出液管70通过液冷板30内的流道33连通，出液管70在第一方向X上的一端设置有回液口71，回液口71位于箱体50外侧。进液管60的设计，可分别与多个液冷板30的进液口35连接，通过一个供液口61即可将导热流体同时注入多个液冷板30中，出液管70设设置，可分别与多个液冷板30的出液口36连接，通过一个回液口71即可实现液冷板30内的导热流体的回收，从而实现导热流体的循环，提升导热流体的利用率，并可避免占据箱体50内过多空间，提升空间利用率，并可实现对电池包1内多个第一电池单体10和第二电池单体20的热管理。
以下为测试例1～4：
一种电池包，包括：箱体50，箱体50设置有容纳腔，以及设于箱体50容纳腔内的88个第一电池单体10、77个第二电池单体20和沿第一方向X间隔排布的12个液冷板30，液冷板30包括8个沿第二方向Y排布并相连的子板31，相邻的两个液冷板30中，其中一个液冷板30的子板31与另一个液冷板30的子板31相对设置并限定出容纳腔，容纳腔内设置有一个第一电池单体10；其中，第一电池单体10与邻近的子板31相接；沿第二方向Y，相邻的两个第一电池单体10之间具有容置空间131，容置空间131内设置有一个第二电池单体20，第一电池单体10的体积大于第二电池单体20的体积。
第一电池单体10在第三方向Z上的最大尺寸为H1mm，第二电池单体20在第三方向Z上的最大尺寸为H2mm。根据GB38031 2020对以上实施例进行振动测试。
测试结果如下：

根据以上结果可知，所有实施例在振动测试后均可以通过。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的电池包及电动汽车进行了详细介绍，本申请中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的技术方案及其核心思想；本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例的技术方案的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池包，其中，包括：
    多个第一电池单体；
    多个第二电池单体；
    多个液冷板，沿第一方向间隔排布，所述液冷板包括多个沿第二方向排布并相连的子板，相邻的两个所述液冷板中，其中一个液冷板的子板与另一个液冷板的子板相对设置并限定出容纳腔，所述容纳腔内设置有至少一个所述第一电池单体；
    所述第一电池单体与所述子板相接；
    沿所述第二方向，相邻的两个所述第一电池单体之间具有容置空间，所述容置空间内设置有至少一个所述第二电池单体，所述第一电池单体的体积大于所述第二电池单体的体积。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其中，所述第一电池单体包括相对设置的侧壁，相邻的所述第一电池单体的所述侧壁限定出所述容置空间，所述第一电池单体具有厚度方向，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一电池单体具有相对的第一端和第二端；在所述第二方向上，相邻的第一电池单体的所述第二端之间的尺寸大于所述第一端之间的尺寸；
    所述第二电池单体邻近所述第二端设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的电池包，其中，沿所述第二方向，至少部分相邻设置的两个所述子板之间具有夹角α，所述夹角α的弧度为θrad，满足：0＜θ＜π。
  4. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第一电池单体包括相对设置的第一侧壁和第二侧壁、相对设置的第三侧壁和第四侧壁，所述第一侧壁和第二侧壁为表面积最大的面；所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁分别与相邻的所述子板相接。
  5. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第一电池单体还包括相对设置的第三侧壁和第四侧壁，所述第二电池单体与所述第四侧壁相连接，所述第二电池单体与所述第三侧壁相连接；
    所述第二电池单体与所述第三侧壁相接触的外壁面为弧面。
  6. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述容置空间内还设置有填充物，所述填充物与所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的至少一者相连；所述填充物的导热系数为0.012W/m·K～0.07W/m·K。
  7. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第二电池单体沿所述第一方向的最大尺寸为D1mm；
    所述子板包括在第四方向上相对的第一表面和第二表面，相邻的两个液冷板中的相对设置的两个所述子板中，在第四方向上相对设置的第一表面和第二表面之间的间距为D2mm，满足：D1＜D2；
    所述第四方向与第一侧壁所处平面相交。
  8. 根据权利要求1-2、5-7任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第二电池单体为圆柱形电池；所述第一电池单体为方形电池。
  9. 根据权利要求1-2、5-7任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第一电池单体在第三方向上的最大尺寸为H1mm，所述第二电池单体在第三方向上的最大尺寸为H2mm，满足：0.9≤H2/H1≤1.1，所述第三方向与第一方向、第二方向两两相交。
  10. 根据权利要求1-2、5-7任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包还包括连接片，所述第一电池单体与所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-2、5-7任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包还包括连接片，多个所述第一电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接，多个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片电连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1-2、5-7任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包还包括连接片，一个所述第一电池单体与一个所述第二电池单体之间通过所述连接片串联连接组成一个电池模块，多个所述电池模块之间通过所述连接片电连接。
  13. 一种电动汽车，其中，包括如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2023/142627 2023-06-26 2023-12-28 电池包及电动汽车 Ceased WO2025001023A1 (zh)

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