WO2024259944A1 - 水平井协同冷采方法及装置 - Google Patents

水平井协同冷采方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024259944A1
WO2024259944A1 PCT/CN2023/142871 CN2023142871W WO2024259944A1 WO 2024259944 A1 WO2024259944 A1 WO 2024259944A1 CN 2023142871 W CN2023142871 W CN 2023142871W WO 2024259944 A1 WO2024259944 A1 WO 2024259944A1
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Prior art keywords
horizontal well
lower horizontal
production
oil layer
adjacent
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PCT/CN2023/142871
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨朝蓬
余洋
夏朝辉
李星民
包宇
史晓星
沈杨
陈长春
韩彬
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2024259944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024259944A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of oil production, and in particular to a method and device for coordinated cold production of horizontal wells.
  • the horizontal well network is a single-layer network, that is, a single-layer horizontal well network is deployed near the bottom of the oil layer. Since the thickness of the oil layer in the heavy oil belt is generally large, the use of a single-layer horizontal well network will result in uneven utilization of reserves within the layer. Therefore, it is necessary to deploy two layers of upper and lower horizontal wells in the oil layer to carry out coordinated cold production of the oil layer.
  • the same production pressure difference is used for each horizontal well, but due to the uneven spatial distribution of formation pressure, the use of the same production pressure difference for the upper and lower horizontal wells will cause the upper horizontal well to degas quickly, resulting in the inability to continue oil production; in addition, the coordinated cold production of the upper and lower horizontal wells has a certain overlap in the oil leakage areas of the two horizontal wells due to the small vertical well spacing of the upper and lower horizontal wells, which will cause certain interference and affect the oil production efficiency.
  • a horizontal well coordinated cold production method is proposed to fully exploit the oil layer, improve the oil production efficiency, and avoid degassing of the horizontal well, including:
  • each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane;
  • the oil layer thickness and formation pressure determine the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells
  • the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, and the adjacent upper water
  • the horizontal distance of horizontal wells and the horizontal distance of adjacent lower horizontal wells determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well
  • a horizontal well coordinated cold production device is proposed to fully produce the oil layer, improve the oil production efficiency, and avoid degassing of the horizontal well, including:
  • the first parameter acquisition module is used to obtain the oil layer thickness and formation pressure
  • the height difference determination module is used to determine the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure; wherein each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane;
  • a horizontal distance determination module is used to determine the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure;
  • a cold production position determination module is used to determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well according to the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells;
  • the production pressure difference determination module is used to determine the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well according to the oil layer thickness, the formation pressure, and the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well; wherein the production pressure difference of each upper horizontal well is the same, and the production pressure difference of each lower well is the same;
  • the coordinated cold production control module is used to send out a message instruction for coordinated cold production of the oil layer using each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well after determining the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well.
  • a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements a horizontal well collaborative cold production method when executing the computer program.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a horizontal well collaborative cold production method is implemented.
  • a computer program product is proposed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, a horizontal well collaborative cold production method is implemented.
  • the horizontal well coordinated cold production method and device proposed in the embodiment of the present application can solve the problem of uneven reserve utilization in the middle layer in the prior art, and the problem that horizontal wells are prone to degassing and low oil production efficiency; the embodiment of the present application obtains the thickness of the oil layer and the formation pressure; according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure, determine the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well; wherein each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane; according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure, determine the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells; according to the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells, determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well; according to the oil layer thickness,
  • the embodiment of the present application can determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well, thereby achieving full exploitation of the oil layer, improving oil production efficiency, and setting production pressure differences for the upper horizontal wells and the lower horizontal wells respectively to avoid degassing of the horizontal wells.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a process of a horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG2 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal well coordinated cold production device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a specific example diagram of a horizontal well coordinated cold production device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a and/or B may represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • at least one herein represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of.
  • including at least one of A, B, and C may represent including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.
  • the terms “include”, “including”, “have”, “contain”, etc. are all open terms, which mean including but not limited to.
  • the descriptions with reference to the terms “one embodiment”, “a specific embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “for example”, etc. mean that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.
  • the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • the order of steps involved in each embodiment is used to schematically illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the order of steps is not limited and can be appropriately adjusted as needed.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow of a horizontal well coordinated cold production method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG1 , the method includes:
  • Step 101 obtaining oil layer thickness and formation pressure
  • Step 102 determining the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure; wherein each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane;
  • Step 103 determining the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure;
  • Step 104 determining the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well according to the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells;
  • Step 105 determining the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well according to the oil layer thickness, the formation pressure, and the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well; wherein the production pressure difference of each upper horizontal well is the same, and the production pressure difference of each lower well is the same;
  • Step 106 after determining the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, a message instruction is issued to use each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well to perform coordinated cold production on the oil layer.
  • the embodiment of the present application obtains the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure; according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure, determines the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well; wherein each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane; according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure, determines the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells; according to the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, The horizontal distance between the adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between the adjacent lower horizontal wells are used to determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well; the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined according to the oil layer thickness, formation pressure, and the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well; wherein the production pressure
  • the embodiment of the present application can determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well, realize full exploitation of the oil layer, improve oil production efficiency, set the production pressure difference for the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well respectively, and avoid degassing of the horizontal well.
  • the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are determined according to the thickness of the oil layer and the formation pressure, including: according to the thickness of the oil layer and the formation pressure, using a numerical simulation method to adjust the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, to determine the maximum oil production; based on the maximum oil production, determine the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well.
  • FIG. 2 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the oil layer thickness, formation pressure, the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are input into the reservoir numerical simulator, and the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are adjusted to determine the maximum oil production.
  • the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer is determined to be h 1
  • the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined to be h 2
  • H represents the oil layer thickness
  • the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are determined according to the following formula:
  • h1 is the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, in meters; h2 is the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, in meters; H is the thickness of the oil layer, in meters.
  • the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells are determined according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure, including: according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure, using a numerical simulation method, adjusting the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells to determine the maximum oil production; according to the maximum oil production, determining the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells; wherein the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells is the same as the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells.
  • the oil layer thickness, formation pressure, the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells are input into the reservoir numerical simulator, and the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells are adjusted in the reservoir numerical simulator to determine the maximum oil production; when the oil production is maximum, the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells are determined; referring to FIG2 , the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells are the same, both are WS.
  • FIG3 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • WS represents the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and adjacent lower horizontal wells; P represents the formation pressure; and H represents the thickness of the oil layer.
  • the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well is determined according to the height difference h1 between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference h2 between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, the horizontal distance WS between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance WS between adjacent lower horizontal wells.
  • the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well refers to FIG2 , wherein the horizontal position of each upper horizontal well is located in the middle of the positions of the two lower horizontal wells, that is, one upper horizontal well and the two lower horizontal wells form an isosceles triangle.
  • the horizontal well network is a single-layer horizontal well, that is, the same development layer is deployed with a single-layer horizontal well network near the bottom of the oil layer. Since the thickness of the oil layer in the heavy oil belt is generally large, the use of a single-layer horizontal well network for development will result in uneven utilization of reserves within the layer.
  • the double horizontal well stereoscopic well network proposed in the embodiment of the present application that is, the same development layer is deployed with upper and lower double-layer horizontal wells at the bottom and middle and upper positions of the oil layer, respectively, can effectively increase the degree of reserve utilization, and by adjusting the cold production positions of the upper horizontal wells and the lower horizontal wells, the cold production development effect is effectively improved.
  • the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined according to the oil layer thickness, the formation pressure, and the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well, including: according to the oil layer thickness, the formation pressure, and the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well, the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is adjusted by using a numerical simulation method to determine the maximum oil production; according to the maximum oil production, the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined.
  • the oil layer thickness, formation pressure, the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well, and the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are input into the reservoir numerical simulator, the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is adjusted, the maximum oil production is determined, and when the oil production is maximum, the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined.
  • 4-7 are specific example diagrams of the horizontal well collaborative cold production method in the embodiments of the present application.
  • a reservoir numerical simulator is used to obtain a curve of the relationship between the production pressure difference of the horizontal well and the formation pressure under different oil layer thickness conditions; when the oil layer thickness is 10m, the curve of the change of the upper horizontal well with the formation pressure and the curve of the change of the lower horizontal well with the formation pressure refer to Figure 4; when the oil layer thickness is 15m, the curve of the change of the upper horizontal well with the formation pressure and the curve of the change of the lower horizontal well with the formation pressure refer to Figure 5; when the oil layer thickness is 20m, the curve of the change of the upper horizontal well with the formation pressure and the curve of the change of the lower horizontal well with the formation pressure refer to Figure 6; when the oil layer thickness is 25m, the curve of the change of the upper horizontal well with the formation pressure and the curve of the change of the lower horizontal well with the formation pressure refer to Figure 7.
  • the production pressure difference of the upper horizontal well is lower than that of the lower well, and the production pressure difference is adjusted according to the change of the formation pressure during the oil production process, which can prevent the upper horizontal well from degassing quickly, causing the upper horizontal well to be unable to continue to produce oil, resulting in a decrease in oil production.
  • ⁇ P 2 (0.0824lnH+0.4165)e 0.1577P ;
  • ⁇ P1 represents the production pressure difference of the upper horizontal well, in MPa
  • ⁇ P2 represents the production pressure difference of the lower horizontal well, in MPa
  • P represents the formation pressure, in MPa
  • H represents the oil layer thickness, in m.
  • the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined according to the following formula:
  • formation-related parameters are obtained; wherein the formation-related parameters include: permeability, porosity, oil saturation, number of interlayers, longitudinal position of interlayers in the formation, lateral position of interlayers in the formation, one or any combination thereof; according to the formation-related parameters, formation pressure, length of the horizontal well, and the height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers are determined; wherein the horizontal well includes an upper horizontal well and a lower horizontal well.
  • the position of the first inflow controller, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers are determined in the horizontal well according to formation-related parameters, formation pressure, horizontal well length, and the height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, including: receiving preset parameters of the positions of multiple groups of first inflow controllers, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers; according to the formation-related parameters, formation pressure, horizontal well length, and the height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, using a numerical simulation method, reading the position of each group of first inflow controllers, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers in turn to determine the maximum oil production; according to the maximum oil production, determining the position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers.
  • the positions of multiple groups of first inflow controllers, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance parameters of adjacent inflow controllers are preset; the permeability, porosity, oil saturation, the number of interlayers, the longitudinal position of the interlayer in the formation, the lateral position of the interlayer in the formation, the formation pressure, the length of the horizontal well, and the height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer are input into the reservoir numerical simulator, and then the position of each group of first inflow controllers, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance of adjacent inflow controllers are input into the reservoir numerical simulator in turn to determine the position of a group of first inflow controllers, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance of adjacent inflow controllers that output the maximum oil production of the reservoir numerical simulator; wherein the position of the first inflow controller is based on the first inflow controller The distance between the controller and the heel of the horizontal well is determined.
  • formation-related parameters, formation pressure, horizontal well length, and height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer are input into a position parameter determination model, and the position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers are output; wherein the position parameter determination model is obtained by training a machine learning model based on historical formation-related parameters, historical formation pressure, historical horizontal well length, historical height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the corresponding historical position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of historical inflow controllers, and the distance between historical adjacent inflow controllers.
  • the permeability, porosity, oil saturation, number of interlayers, longitudinal position of interlayers in the formation, lateral position of interlayers in the formation, formation pressure, length of horizontal wells, and height difference between horizontal wells and the bottom of oil layer are input into the position parameter determination model, and the position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers are output; wherein the position parameter determination model is based on the historical permeability, historical porosity, historical oil saturation, historical number of interlayers, historical longitudinal position of interlayers in the formation, historical lateral position of interlayers in the formation, historical formation pressure, historical length of horizontal wells, and historical height difference between horizontal wells and the bottom of oil layer.
  • the model is determined by setting parameters, historical formation pressure, historical horizontal well length, historical height difference between horizontal well and oil layer bottom, and the position of the historical first inflow controller in the corresponding horizontal well, the number of historical inflow controllers, and the distance between historical adjacent inflow controllers.
  • the machine learning model is trained.
  • the machine learning model can use a fully connected deep neural network model.
  • the input layer of the fully connected deep neural network model contains 9 neurons and the output layer is 3 neurons.
  • the basic principle of the neural network model operation is to transmit signals through forward propagation and transmit errors through back propagation.
  • the weight and bias of each neuron are gradually established according to the training data to obtain the final deep neural network model.
  • FIG8 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • an inflow controller includes:
  • the inlet 2 and the outlet 26 are respectively arranged on both sides of the shell 1, the inlet 2 is communicated with the first guide chamber 3, the first guide chamber 3 is communicated with the second guide chamber 5 through the first guide hole 4, the first guide chamber 3 is communicated with the density floating chamber 20 through the third guide hole 23, the magnet 22 is embedded in the float 21, the float 21 is placed in the density floating chamber 20 and floats, the conduction chamber 19 is a sealed chamber, the conduction chamber 19 is adjacent to the density floating chamber 20, the iron sheet 18 is embedded in the follower float 17, the follower float 17 moves in the conduction chamber 19 with the float 21, the conduction plate 16 is arranged below the follower float 17, the conduction plate 16 is connected to the first end of the third connecting rod 15, the second end of the third connecting rod 15 is connected to the first end of the second connecting rod 12 through the second rotating shaft 14, and the fixed shaft 13 is provided It is placed on the internal shell that separates the conduction chamber 19 and the second guide chamber 5.
  • the second connecting rod 12 passes through the internal shell that separates the conduction chamber 19 and the second guide chamber 5 through the fixed shaft 13, which is used to change the transmission direction.
  • the second end of the second connecting rod 12 is connected to the first end of the first connecting rod 10 through the first rotating shaft 11, and the second end of the first connecting rod 10 is connected to the baffle 9.
  • the first end of the weak spring 24 is fixed on the internal shell of the second guide chamber 5, and the second end of the weak spring 24 is connected to the baffle 9.
  • the first base 7 and the second base 8 are arranged between the second guide chamber 5 and the outlet guide chamber 25, and the second guide hole 6 is arranged between the first base 7 and the second base 8.
  • the second guide chamber 5 is communicated with the outlet guide chamber 25 through the second guide hole 6, and the outlet guide chamber 25 is communicated with the outlet 26.
  • FIG. 9 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • crude oil flows in from the inlet 2, and flows out through the first guide chamber 3, the first guide hole 4, the second guide chamber 5, the second guide hole 6, the outlet guide chamber 25, and the outlet 26; when the crude oil contains gas, the gas will enter the density floating chamber 20 through the third guide hole 23, the density of the crude oil decreases, and the float 21 moves downward. Since the float 21 is embedded with a magnet 22 and the follower float 17 is embedded with an iron sheet 18, the follower float 17 is driven to move downward, and the follower float presses the conduction plate 16 downward.
  • the baffle 9 moves upward to block the second guide hole between the first base 7 and the second base 8, so as to realize the automatic closing of the inflow controller, thereby preventing the gas from entering the horizontal well, causing the degassing of the horizontal well section, and making it impossible to continue to produce oil.
  • FIG. 10 is a specific example diagram of the horizontal well coordinated cold production method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the installation reference figure 10 of the inflow controller 27 and the sand screen 29 is used, and the crude oil enters the flow channel 28 of the horizontal well from the oil layer through the sand screen 29, and then enters the horizontal well through the inflow controller 27 for oil production and transportation; wherein, the sand screen 29 is used to prevent sand in the crude oil from entering the horizontal well, and the inflow controller 27 is used to prevent gas from entering the horizontal well.
  • the implementation of the horizontal well coordinated cold production device can refer to the implementation of the above method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the term "module” or "unit” used below can be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function.
  • the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, the implementation of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceivable.
  • the present application also proposes a horizontal well coordinated cold production device, as shown in FIG11 , the device comprises:
  • the first parameter acquisition module 1101 is used to acquire oil layer thickness and formation pressure
  • the height difference determination module 1102 is used to determine the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure; wherein each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane;
  • the horizontal distance determination module 1103 is used to determine the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells according to the oil layer thickness and the formation pressure;
  • the cold production position determination module 1104 is used to determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well according to the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells;
  • the production pressure difference determination module 1105 is used to determine the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well according to the oil layer thickness, the formation pressure, and the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well; wherein the production pressure difference of each upper horizontal well is the same, and the production pressure difference of each lower well is the same;
  • the coordinated cold production control module 1106 is used to issue a message instruction for coordinated cold production of the oil layer using each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well after determining the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well.
  • the height difference determination module 1102 is specifically used for:
  • the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are adjusted using numerical simulation methods to determine the maximum oil production; based on the maximum oil production, the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are determined.
  • the height difference determination module 1102 is specifically used for:
  • the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well are determined according to the following formula:
  • h1 is the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, in meters; h2 is the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well, in meters; H is the thickness of the oil layer, in meters.
  • the horizontal distance determination module 1103 is specifically used for:
  • the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and adjacent lower horizontal wells is adjusted by numerical simulation to determine the maximum oil production; according to the maximum oil production, the adjacent upper horizontal wells are determined. The horizontal distance between the adjacent upper horizontal wells and the adjacent lower horizontal wells is the same.
  • the horizontal distance determination module 1103 is specifically used for:
  • WS represents the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells and adjacent lower horizontal wells; P represents the formation pressure; and H represents the thickness of the oil layer.
  • the production pressure difference determination module 1105 is specifically used for:
  • the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is adjusted by numerical simulation method to determine the maximum oil production; based on the maximum oil production, the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined.
  • the production pressure difference determination module 1105 is specifically used for:
  • the production pressure difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well is determined by the following formula:
  • ⁇ P i represents the production pressure difference of the i-th horizontal well
  • a i represents the first correlation coefficient of the production pressure difference of the i-th horizontal well
  • b i represents the second correlation coefficient of the production pressure difference of the i-th horizontal well
  • c i represents the third correlation coefficient of the production pressure difference of the i-th horizontal well; when i is 1, it means calculating the production pressure difference of the upper horizontal well, and when i is 2, it means calculating the production pressure difference of the lower horizontal well
  • P represents the formation pressure
  • H represents the oil layer thickness.
  • FIG12 is a specific example diagram of a horizontal well coordinated cold production device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the horizontal well coordinated cold production device shown in FIG11 further includes:
  • the second parameter acquisition module 1201 is used to acquire formation-related parameters; wherein the formation-related parameters include: permeability, porosity, oil saturation, number of interlayers, vertical position of the interlayer in the formation, horizontal position of the interlayer in the formation, or any combination thereof;
  • the position parameter determination module 1202 is used to determine the position of the first inflow controller, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers in the horizontal well based on formation-related parameters, formation pressure, horizontal well length, and the height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer; wherein the horizontal well includes an upper horizontal well and a lower horizontal well.
  • the inflow controller includes:
  • the inlet 2 and the outlet 26 are respectively arranged on both sides of the shell 1, the inlet 2 is communicated with the first guide chamber 3, the first guide chamber 3 is communicated with the second guide chamber 5 through the first guide hole 4, the first guide chamber 3 is communicated with the density floating chamber 20 through the third guide hole 23, the magnet 22 is embedded in the float 21, the float 21 is placed in the density floating chamber 20 and floats, the conduction chamber 19 is a sealed chamber, the conduction chamber 19 is adjacent to the density floating chamber 20, the iron sheet 18 is embedded in the follower float 17, the follower float 17 moves in the conduction chamber 19 with the float 21, the conduction plate 16 is arranged below the follower float 17, the conduction plate 16 is connected to the first end of the third connecting rod 15, the second end of the third connecting rod 15 is connected to the first end of the second connecting rod 12 through the second rotating shaft 14, and the fixed shaft 13 is provided It is placed on the internal shell that separates the conduction chamber 19 and the second guide chamber 5.
  • the second connecting rod 12 passes through the internal shell that separates the conduction chamber 19 and the second guide chamber 5 through the fixed shaft 13, which is used to change the transmission direction.
  • the second end of the second connecting rod 12 is connected to the first end of the first connecting rod 10 through the first rotating shaft 11, and the second end of the first connecting rod 10 is connected to the baffle 9.
  • the first end of the weak spring 24 is fixed on the internal shell of the second guide chamber 5, and the second end of the weak spring 24 is connected to the baffle 9.
  • the first base 7 and the second base 8 are arranged between the second guide chamber 5 and the outlet guide chamber 25, and the second guide hole 6 is arranged between the first base 7 and the second base 8.
  • the second guide chamber 5 is communicated with the outlet guide chamber 25 through the second guide hole 6, and the outlet guide chamber 25 is communicated with the outlet 26.
  • the location parameter determination module 1201 is specifically used for:
  • Receive preset parameters of multiple groups of first inflow controllers including positions, numbers of inflow controllers, and distances between adjacent inflow controllers; and use numerical simulation methods to sequentially read the positions, numbers of inflow controllers, and distances between adjacent inflow controllers of each group of first inflow controllers based on formation-related parameters, formation pressure, length of the horizontal well, and height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, to determine the maximum oil production; and determine the positions, numbers, and distances between adjacent inflow controllers for setting the first inflow controller in the horizontal well based on the maximum oil production.
  • the location parameter determination module 1202 is specifically used for:
  • the formation-related parameters, formation pressure, horizontal well length, and height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer are input into the position parameter determination model, and the position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of inflow controllers, and the distance between adjacent inflow controllers are output; wherein the position parameter determination model is obtained by training a machine learning model based on historical formation-related parameters, historical formation pressure, historical horizontal well length, historical height difference between the horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the corresponding historical position of the first inflow controller in the horizontal well, the number of historical inflow controllers, and the distance between historical adjacent inflow controllers.
  • modules of the horizontal well coordinated cold production device are mentioned in the above detailed description, this division is only exemplary and not mandatory.
  • the features and functions of two or more modules described above can be embodied in one module.
  • the features and functions of one module described above can be further divided into multiple modules for embodiment.
  • the present application further proposes a computer device 1300, including a memory 1301, a processor 1302, and a computer program 1303 stored in the memory 1301 and executable on the processor 1302.
  • the processor 1302 executes the computer program 1303, the aforementioned horizontal well collaborative cold production method is implemented.
  • the present application proposes a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the aforementioned horizontal well collaborative cold production method is implemented.
  • the present application proposes a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a horizontal well collaborative cold production method is implemented.
  • the horizontal well coordinated cold production method and device proposed in the embodiment of the present application can solve the problems of uneven utilization of reserves in the middle layer in the prior art, and the problems of easy degassing and low oil production efficiency in the horizontal wells; the embodiment of the present application obtains the thickness of the oil layer and the formation pressure; according to the thickness of the oil layer and the formation pressure, determines the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the bottom of the oil layer, and the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well; wherein each lower horizontal well is located on a first horizontal plane, and each upper horizontal well is located on a second horizontal plane; according to the thickness of the oil layer and the formation pressure, determines the horizontal distance between adjacent upper horizontal wells, and the horizontal distance between adjacent lower horizontal wells; according to the height difference between the lower horizontal well and the oil layer bottom, determines the height difference between the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well; The cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well is determined according to the height difference of the bottom of the oil layer, the height difference between the upper horizontal well
  • the embodiment of the present application can determine the cold production position of each upper horizontal well and each lower horizontal well, realize the full exploitation of the oil layer, improve the oil production efficiency, set the production pressure difference for the upper horizontal well and the lower horizontal well respectively, and avoid degassing of the horizontal well.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce a system including an instruction device.
  • the instruction device implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

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Abstract

本申请提供了水平井协同冷采方法及装置，涉及石油开采技术领域，该方法包括：获取油层厚度和地层压力；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井、相邻下层水平井的水平距离；根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。

Description

水平井协同冷采方法及装置
相关申请
本申请要求于2023年6月21日递交的申请号为202310744695.3的中国专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及石油开采技术领域，尤指一种水平井协同冷采方法及装置。
背景技术
本部分旨在为权利要求书中陈述的本申请实施例提供背景或上下文。此处的描述不因为包括在本部分中就承认是现有技术。
目前重油带已投产油田普遍采用水平井冷采方式开发，水平井井网为单层井网，即在靠近油层底部位置部署单层水平井井网，由于重油带油层厚度普遍较大，采用单层水平井井网开发，会出现层内储量动用不均的情况。因此，需要在在油层中部署上下两层水平井，对油层进行协同冷采。在现有技术中，对每一水平井采用相同的生产压差，但由于地层压力空间分布不均，对于上下两层水平井使用相同的生产压差，会造成上层水平井快速脱气，导致无法继续采油；此外上下两层水平井协同冷采由于上下层水平井垂向井距较小，两水平井泄油区域有一定重合，从而会产生一定的干扰，影响采油效率。
发明内容
在本申请实施例提出了一种水平井协同冷采方法，用以对油层进行充分开采，提高了采油效率，避免水平井发生脱气，包括：
获取油层厚度和地层压力；
根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；
根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；
根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水 平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；
根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；
在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。
在本申请实施例提出了一种水平井协同冷采装置，用以对油层进行充分开采，提高了采油效率，避免水平井发生脱气，包括：
第一参数获取模块，用于获取油层厚度和地层压力；
高度差确定模块，用于根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；
水平距离确定模块，用于根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；
冷采位置确定模块，用于根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；
生产压差确定模块，用于根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；
协同冷采控制模块，用于在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。
在本申请实施例提出了一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现水平井协同冷采方法。
在本申请实施例提出了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现水平井协同冷采方法。
在本申请实施例提出了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现水平井协同冷采方法。
本申请实施例提出的水平井协同冷采方法及装置可以解决现有技术中层内储量动用不均的情况，和水平井易发生脱气，采油效率低的问题；本申请实施例通过获取油层厚度和地层 压力；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。本申请实施例可以确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，实现了对油层进行充分开采，提高了采油效率，对上层水平井和下层水平井分别设定生产压差，避免水平井发生脱气。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的流程示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图3是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图4是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图5是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图6是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图7是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图8是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图9是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图10是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图；
图11是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采装置的示意图；
图12是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采装置的具体实例图；
图13是本申请实施例中计算机设备的示意图。
附图标记：
1-外壳、2-入口、3-第一导流腔、4-第一导流孔、5-第二导流腔、6-第二导流孔、7-第一底
座、8-第二底座、9-挡板、10-第一连杆、11-第一转动轴、12-第二连杆、13-固定轴、14-第二转动轴、15-第三连杆、16-传导板、17-随动浮子、18-铁片、19-传导腔、20-密度浮动腔、21-浮子、22-磁铁、23-第三导流孔、24-弱弹簧、25-出口导流腔、26-出口、27-入流控制器、28-流动通道、29-防砂筛管。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本申请实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，但并不作为对本申请的限定。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是描述一种关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中术语“至少一种”表示多种中的任意一种或多种中的至少两种的任意组合，例如，包括A、B、C中的至少一种，可以表示包括从A、B和C构成的集合中选择的任意一个或多个元素。
在本说明书的描述中，所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。参考术语“一个实施例”、“一个具体实施例”、“一些实施例”、“例如”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。各实施例中涉及的步骤顺序用于示意性说明本申请的实施，其中的步骤顺序不作限定，可根据需要作适当调整。
下面参考本申请的若干代表性实施方式，详细阐释本申请的原理和精神。
图1是本申请实施例的水平井协同冷采方法的流程示意图。如图1所示，该方法包括：
步骤101，获取油层厚度和地层压力；
步骤102，根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；
步骤103，根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；
步骤104，根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；
步骤105，根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；
步骤106，在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。
由图1所示流程可以得知，本申请实施例获取油层厚度和地层压力；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。本申请实施例可以确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，实现了对油层进行充分开采，提高了采油效率，对上层水平井和下层水平井分别设定生产压差，避免水平井发生脱气。
为了对上述水平井协同冷采方法进行更为清楚的解释，下面结合每一步骤来进行详细说明。
本申请一实施例中，根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，包括：根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差。
图2是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图。
具体实施时，参考图2，将油层厚度、地层压力，下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差输入油藏数值模拟器，调节下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，确定产油量最大值，在油藏数值模拟器得到的产油量最大时，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差为h1，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差h2；其中，H表示油层厚度；此外，为确保油藏数值模拟器得到的产油量结果准确，还可输入原油的黏度、密度参数。
具体实施时，按如下公式确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差：

其中，h1为下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，单位为m；h2为上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，单位为m；H为油层厚度，单位为m。
本申请一实施例中，根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，包括：根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；其中，相邻上层水平井的水平距离与相邻下层水平井的水平距离相同。
具体实施时，将油层厚度、地层压力、相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离输入油藏数值模拟器，在油藏数值模拟器中调节相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定产油量最大值；在产油量最大时，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；参考图2，相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离相同，均为WS。
图3是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图。
本申请一实施例中，参考图3，将一油层的油层厚度H、地层压力P、相邻水平井的水平距离WS输入油藏数值模拟器，可得到在地层压力P＝9Mpa时，相邻水平井的水平距离WS与油层厚度H的关系为WS＝4353.59H(0.79)；在地层压力P＝8Mpa时，相邻水平井的水平距离WS与油层厚度H的关系为WS＝4179.4H-0.79；在地层压力P＝7Mpa时，相邻水平井的水平距离WS与油层厚度H的关系为WS＝4005.3H-0.79；在地层压力P＝6Mpa时，相邻水平井的水平距离WS与油层厚度H的关系为WS＝3831.2H-0.79；在地层压力P＝5Mpa时，相邻水平井的水平距离WS与油层厚度H的关系为WS＝3657.02H(0.79)。
具体实施时，按如下公式确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离：
WS＝5422.9e-0.044PH0.79；
其中，WS表示相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
本申请一实施例中，根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差h1、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差h2、相邻上层水平井的水平距离WS、相邻下层水平井的水平距离WS，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置参考图2，其中，每一上层水平井的水平位置位于两个下层水平井位置的中间，即一个上层水平井与两个下层水平井构成等腰三角形。
目前重油带已投产油田普遍采用泡沫油水平井冷采方式开发，水平井井网为单层水平井，即同一开发层系在靠近油层底部位置部署单层水平井井网。由于重油带油层厚度普遍较大，采用单层水平井井网开发，会出现层内储量动用不均的情况。本申请实施例提出的双水平井立体井网，即同一开发层系在油层底部和中上部位置分别部署上下双层水平井，可以有效增加储量动用程度，通过调整上层水平井和下层水平井的冷采位置，使得冷采开发效果得到有效改善。
本申请一实施例中，根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，包括：根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，利用数值模拟的方法，调节上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差。
具体实施时，将油层厚度、地层压力、每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置、上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差输入油藏数值模拟器，调节上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，确定产油量最大值，在产油量最大时，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差。
图4-图7是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图。
本申请一实施例中，利用油藏数值模拟器，得到不同油层厚度的条件下，水平井生产压差和地层压力的关系曲线；当油层厚度为10m时，上层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线、下层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线参考图4；当油层厚度为15m时，上层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线、下层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线参考图5；当油层厚度为20m时，上层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线、下层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线参考图6；当油层厚度为25m时，上层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线、下层水平井随地层压力的变化曲线参考图7。由此可见，对上层水平井的生产压差低于下层井的生产压差，且生产压差根据采油过程中地层压力的变化进行调节，可防止上层水平井快速脱气，造成上层水平井无法继续采油，导致产油量降低。
本申请一实施例中，按如下公式确定上层水平井的生产压差：
ΔP1＝(0.0948lnH+0.4788)e0.158P；
按如下公式确定下层水平井的生产压差：
ΔP2＝(0.0824lnH+0.4165)e0.1577P；
其中，ΔP1表示上层水平井的生产压差，单位为MPa；ΔP2表示下层水平井的生产压差，单位为MPa；P表示地层压力，单位为MPa；H表示油层厚度，单位为m。
具体实施时，按如下公式确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差：
其中，ΔPi表示第i层水平井的生产压差，单位为MPa；ai表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第一相关系数；bi表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第二相关系数；ci表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第三相关系数；i取1时表示计算上层水平井的生产压差，i取2时表示计算下层水平井的生产压差；P表示地层压力，单位为MPa；H表示油层厚度，单位为m。
为了解决水平井段压力分布不均的问题，避免水平井段在采油过程中气体进入水平井段，导致水平井发生脱气的问题，在本申请一实施例中，获取地层相关参数；其中，地层相关参数包括：渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度、夹层个数、夹层在地层中的纵向位置、夹层在地层中的横向位置其中之一或任意组合；根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，水平井包括上层水平井和下层水平井。
本申请一实施例中，根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，包括：接收预设的多组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离参数；根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，利用数值模拟的方法，依次读取每一组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离。
具体实施时，预设多组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离参数；将渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度、夹层个数、夹层在地层中的纵向位置、夹层在地层中的横向位置、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差输入油藏数值模拟器，再依次向油藏数值模拟器输入每一组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，确定油藏数值模拟器输出最大产油量的一组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，第一入流控制器的位置是根据第一入流控 制器与水平井脚跟的距离确定的。
本申请另一实施例中，将地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差输入位置参数确定模型，输出水平井内第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，位置参数确定模型是根据历史地层相关参数、历史地层压力、历史水平井长度、历史水平井与油层底部的高度差，和对应的水平井内历史第一入流控制器的位置、历史入流控制器的个数、历史相邻入流控制器的距离，对机器学习模型进行训练得到的。
具体实施时，将渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度、夹层个数、夹层在地层中的纵向位置、夹层在地层中的横向位置、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差输入位置参数确定模型，输出水平井内第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，位置参数确定模型是根据历史渗透率、历史孔隙度、历史含油饱和度、历史夹层个数、历史夹层在地层中的纵向位置、历史夹层在地层中的横向位置、历史地层压力、历史水平井长度、历史水平井与油层底部的高度差输入位置参数确定模型、历史地层压力、历史水平井长度、历史水平井与油层底部的高度差，和对应的水平井内历史第一入流控制器的位置、历史入流控制器的个数、历史相邻入流控制器的距离，对机器学习模型进行训练得到的，机器学习模型可选用全连接深度神经网络模型，全连接深度神经网络模型的输入层包含9个神经元，输出层为3个神经元；神经网络模型运算的基本原理是通过正向传播传递信号，反向传播传递误差，依据训练数据逐步建立起每个神经元的权重与偏差，得到最终的深度神经网络模型。
图8是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图。
本申请一实施例中，参考图8，入流控制器(ICD)包括：
外壳1、入口2、第一导流腔3、第一导流孔4、第二导流腔5、第二导流孔6、第一底座7、第二底座8、挡板9、第一连杆10、第一转动轴11、第二连杆12、固定轴13、第二转动轴14、第三连杆15、传导板16、随动浮子17、铁片18、传导腔19、密度浮动腔20、浮子21、磁铁22、第三导流孔23、弱弹簧24、出口导流腔25、出口26；
其中，入口2和出口26分别设置于外壳1两侧，入口2与第一导流腔3相通，第一导流腔3通过第一导流孔4与第二导流腔5相通，第一导流腔3通过第三导流孔23与密度浮动腔20相通，磁铁22嵌于浮子21内，浮子21置于密度浮动腔20内浮动，传导腔19为密封腔体，传导腔19与密度浮动腔20相邻，铁片18嵌于随动浮子17内，随动浮子17随着浮子21在传导腔19内移动，传导板16设置于随动浮子17下方，传导板16与第三连杆15的第一端连接，第三连杆15的第二端与第二连杆12的第一端通过第二转动轴14连接，固定轴13设 置于传导腔19与第二导流腔5分隔的内部壳体上，第二连杆12通过固定轴13穿过传导腔19与第二导流腔5分隔的内部壳体，用于改变传动方向，第二连杆12的第二端通过第一转动轴11与第一连杆10的第一端连接，第一连杆10的第二端与挡板9连接，弱弹簧24的第一端固定在第二导流腔5的内部壳体上，弱弹簧24的第二端与挡板9连接，第一底座7与第二底座8设置于第二导流腔5和出口导流腔25之间，第二导流孔6设置于第一底座7与第二底座8之间，第二导流腔5通过第二导流孔6与出口导流腔25相通，出口导流腔25与出口26相通。
图9是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图。
本申请一实施例中，参考图9，原油从入口2流入，通过第一导流腔3、第一导流孔4、第二导流腔5、第二导流孔6、出口导流腔25、出口26向外流出；当原油内含有气体时，气体会通过第三导流孔23进入密度浮动腔20，原油密度降低，浮子21向下运动，由于浮子21内嵌有磁铁22、随动浮子17内嵌有铁片18，带动随动浮子17向下运动，随动浮子向下压传导板16，通过第三连杆15、第二转动轴14、固定轴13、第二连杆12、第一转动轴11、第一连杆10的传导作用，挡板9向上运动，堵住第一底座7与第二底座8之间的第二导流孔，实现入流控制器自动关闭，防止气体进入水平井内，造成水平井段脱气，无法继续采油。
图10是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采方法的具体实例图。
本申请一实施例中，入流控制器27与防砂筛管29的安装参考图10，原油从油层通过防砂筛管29进入水平井的流动通道28，再通过入流控制器27进入水平井内，进行采油输送；其中，防砂筛管29用于防止原油中的砂进入水平井，入流控制器27用于防止气体进入水平井。
需要说明的是，尽管在上述实施例及附图中以特定顺序描述了本申请方法的操作，但是，这并非要求或者暗示必须按照该特定顺序来执行这些操作，或是必须执行全部所示的操作才能实现期望的结果。附加地或备选地，可以省略某些步骤，将多个步骤合并为一个步骤执行，和/或将一个步骤分解为多个步骤执行。
水平井协同冷采装置的实施可以参见上述方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。以下所使用的术语“模块”或者“单元”，可以是实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件的组合。尽管以下实施例所描述的装置较佳地以软件来实现，但是硬件，或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。
基于同一发明构思，本申请还提出了一种水平井协同冷采装置，如图11所示，该装置包括：
第一参数获取模块1101，用于获取油层厚度和地层压力；
高度差确定模块1102，用于根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；
水平距离确定模块1103，用于根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；
冷采位置确定模块1104，用于根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；
生产压差确定模块1105，用于根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；
协同冷采控制模块1106，用于在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。
本申请一实施例中，高度差确定模块1102具体用于：
根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差。
本申请一实施例中，高度差确定模块1102具体用于：
按如下公式确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差：

其中，h1为下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，单位为m；h2为上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，单位为m；H为油层厚度，单位为m。
本申请一实施例中，水平距离确定模块1103具体用于：
根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定相邻上层水平井 的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；其中，相邻上层水平井的水平距离与相邻下层水平井的水平距离相同。
本申请一实施例中，水平距离确定模块1103具体用于：
按如下公式确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离：
WS＝5422.9e-0.044PH0.79；
其中，WS表示相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
本申请一实施例中，生产压差确定模块1105具体用于：
根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，利用数值模拟的方法，调节上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差。
本申请一实施例中，生产压差确定模块1105具体用于：
按如下公式确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差：
其中，ΔPi表示第i层水平井的生产压差；ai表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第一相关系数；bi表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第二相关系数；ci表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第三相关系数；i取1时表示计算上层水平井的生产压差，i取2时表示计算下层水平井的生产压差；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
图12是本申请实施例中水平井协同冷采装置的具体实例图。如图12所示，本申请一实施例中，图11所示水平井协同冷采装置还包括：
第二参数获取模块1201，用于获取地层相关参数；其中，地层相关参数包括：渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度、夹层个数、夹层在地层中的纵向位置、夹层在地层中的横向位置其中之一或任意组合；
位置参数确定模块1202，用于根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，水平井包括上层水平井和下层水平井。
本申请一实施例中，入流控制器包括：
外壳1、入口2、第一导流腔3、第一导流孔4、第二导流腔5、第二导流孔6、第一底座7、第二底座8、挡板9、第一连杆10、第一转动轴11、第二连杆12、固定轴13、第二转动轴14、第三连杆15、传导板16、随动浮子17、铁片18、传导腔19、密度浮动腔20、浮子21、磁铁22、第三导流孔23、弱弹簧24、出口导流腔25、出口26；
其中，入口2和出口26分别设置于外壳1两侧，入口2与第一导流腔3相通，第一导流腔3通过第一导流孔4与第二导流腔5相通，第一导流腔3通过第三导流孔23与密度浮动腔20相通，磁铁22嵌于浮子21内，浮子21置于密度浮动腔20内浮动，传导腔19为密封腔体，传导腔19与密度浮动腔20相邻，铁片18嵌于随动浮子17内，随动浮子17随着浮子21在传导腔19内移动，传导板16设置于随动浮子17下方，传导板16与第三连杆15的第一端连接，第三连杆15的第二端与第二连杆12的第一端通过第二转动轴14连接，固定轴13设置于传导腔19与第二导流腔5分隔的内部壳体上，第二连杆12通过固定轴13穿过传导腔19与第二导流腔5分隔的内部壳体，用于改变传动方向，第二连杆12的第二端通过第一转动轴11与第一连杆10的第一端连接，第一连杆10的第二端与挡板9连接，弱弹簧24的第一端固定在第二导流腔5的内部壳体上，弱弹簧24的第二端与挡板9连接，第一底座7与第二底座8设置于第二导流腔5和出口导流腔25之间，第二导流孔6设置于第一底座7与第二底座8之间，第二导流腔5通过第二导流孔6与出口导流腔25相通，出口导流腔25与出口26相通。
本申请一实施例中，位置参数确定模块1201具体用于：
接收预设的多组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离参数；根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，利用数值模拟的方法，依次读取每一组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，确定产油量最大值；根据产油量最大值，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离。
本申请一实施例中，位置参数确定模块1202具体用于：
将地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差输入位置参数确定模型，输出水平井内第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，位置参数确定模型是根据历史地层相关参数、历史地层压力、历史水平井长度、历史水平井与油层底部的高度差，和对应的水平井内历史第一入流控制器的位置、历史入流控制器的个数、历史相邻入流控制器的距离，对机器学习模型进行训练得到的。
应当注意，尽管在上文详细描述中提及了水平井协同冷采装置的若干模块，但是这种划分仅仅是示例性的并非强制性的。实际上，根据本申请的实施方式，上文描述的两个或更多模块的特征和功能可以在一个模块中具体化。反之，上文描述的一个模块的特征和功能可以进一步划分为由多个模块来具体化。
基于前述发明构思，如图13所示，本申请还提出了一种计算机设备1300，包括存储器1301、处理器1302及存储在存储器1301上并可在处理器1302上运行的计算机程序1303， 所述处理器1302执行所述计算机程序1303时实现前述水平井协同冷采方法。
基于前述发明构思，本申请提出了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现前述水平井协同冷采方法。
基于前述发明构思，本申请提出了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现水平井协同冷采方法。
本申请实施例提出的水平井协同冷采方法及装置可以解决现有技术中层内储量动用不均的情况，和水平井易发生脱气，采油效率低的问题；本申请实施例通过获取油层厚度和地层压力；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。本申请实施例可以确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，实现了对油层进行充分开采，提高了采油效率，对上层水平井和下层水平井分别设定生产压差，避免水平井发生脱气。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制 造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本申请的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本申请的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本申请的保护范围，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种水平井协同冷采方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取油层厚度和地层压力；
    根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；
    根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；
    根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；
    根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；
    在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，包括：
    根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，按如下公式确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差：

    其中，h1为下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，单位为m；h2为上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，单位为m；H为油层厚度，单位为m。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，包括：
    根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；其中，相邻上层水平井的水平距离与相邻下层水平井的水平距离相同。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，按如下公式确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离：
    WS＝5422.9e-0.044PH0.79；
    其中，WS表示相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，包括：
    根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，利用数值模拟的方法，调节上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，按如下公式确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差：
    其中，ΔPi表示第i层水平井的生产压差；ai表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第一相关系数；bi表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第二相关系数；ci表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第三相关系数；i取1时表示计算上层水平井的生产压差，i取2时表示计算下层水平井的生产压差；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    获取地层相关参数；其中，地层相关参数包括：渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度、夹层个数、夹层在地层中的纵向位置、夹层在地层中的横向位置其中之一或任意组合；
    根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，水平井包括上层水平井和下层水平井。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述入流控制器包括：
    外壳(1)、入口(2)、第一导流腔(3)、第一导流孔(4)、第二导流腔(5)、第二导流孔(6)、第一底座(7)、第二底座(8)、挡板(9)、第一连杆(10)、第一转动轴(11)、第二连杆(12)、固定轴(13)、第二转动轴(14)、第三连杆(15)、传导板(16)、随动浮子(17)、铁片(18)、传导腔(19)、密度浮动腔(20)、浮子(21)、磁铁(22)、第三导流孔(23)、弱弹簧(24)、出口导流腔(25)、出口(26)；
    其中，入口(2)和出口(26)分别设置于外壳(1)两侧，入口(2)与第一导流腔(3)相通，第一导流腔(3)通过第一导流孔(4)与第二导流腔(5)相通，第一导流腔(3)通过第三导流孔(23)与密度浮动腔(20)相通，磁铁(22)嵌于浮子(21)内，浮子(21)置于密度浮动腔(20)内浮动，传导腔(19)为密封腔体，传导腔(19)与密度浮动腔(20)相邻，铁片(18)嵌于随动浮子(17)内，随动浮子(17)随着浮子(21)在传导腔(19)内移动，传导板(16)设置于随动浮子(17)下方，传导板(16)与第三连杆(15)的第一端连接，第三连杆(15)的第二端与第二连杆(12)的第一端通过第二转动轴(14)连接，固定轴(13)设置于传导腔(19)与第二导流腔(5)分隔的内部壳体上，第二连杆(12)通过固定轴(13)穿过传导腔(19)与第二导流腔(5)分隔的内部壳体，用于改变传动方向，第二连杆(12)的第二端通过第一转动轴(11)与第一连杆(10)的第一端连接，第一连杆(10)的第二端与挡板(9)连接，弱弹簧(24)的第一端固定在第二导流腔(5)的内部壳体上，弱弹簧(24)的第二端与挡板(9)连接，第一底座(7)与第二底座(8)设置于第二导流腔(5)和出口导流腔(25)之间，第二导流孔(6)设置于第一底座(7)与第二底座(8)之间，第二导流腔(5)通过第二导流孔(6)与出口导流腔(25)相通，出口导流腔(25)与出口(26)相通。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，包括：
    接收预设的多组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离参数；
    根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，利用数值模拟的方法，依次读取每一组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，包括：
    将地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差输入位置参数确定模型，输出水平井内第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，位置参数确定模型是根据历史地层相关参数、历史地层压力、历史水平井长度、历史水平井与油层底部的高度差，和对应的水平井内历史第一入流控制器的位置、历史入流控制器的个数、历史相邻入流控制器的距离，对机器学习模型进行训练得到的。
  12. 一种水平井协同冷采装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一参数获取模块，用于获取油层厚度和地层压力；
    高度差确定模块，用于根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差；其中，每一下层水平井位于第一水平面上，每一上层水平井位于第二水平面上；
    水平距离确定模块，用于根据油层厚度和地层压力，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；
    冷采位置确定模块，用于根据下层水平井与油层底部的高度差、上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差、相邻上层水平井的水平距离、相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置；
    生产压差确定模块，用于根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差；其中，每一上层水平井的生产压差相同，每一下层井的生产压差相同；
    协同冷采控制模块，用于在确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差后，发出利用每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井对油层进行协同冷采的消息指令。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，高度差确定模块具体用于：
    根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，高度差确定模块具体用于：
    按如下公式确定下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，和上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差：

    其中，h1为下层水平井与油层底部的高度差，单位为m；h2为上层水平井与下层水平井的高度差，单位为m；H为油层厚度，单位为m。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，水平距离确定模块具体用于：
    根据油层厚度和地层压力，利用数值模拟的方法，调节相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；其中，相邻上层水平井的水平距离与相邻下层水平井的水平距离相同。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，水平距离确定模块具体用于：
    按如下公式确定相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离：
    WS＝5422.9e-0.044PH0.79；
    其中，WS表示相邻上层水平井的水平距离，和相邻下层水平井的水平距离；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，生产压差确定模块具体用于：
    根据油层厚度、地层压力，和每一上层水平井和每一下层水平井的冷采位置，利用数值模拟的方法，调节上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，生产压差确定模块具体用于：
    按如下公式确定上层水平井和下层水平井的生产压差：
    其中，ΔPi表示第i层水平井的生产压差；ai表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第一相关系数；bi表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第二相关系数；ci表示第i层水平井的生产压差的第三相关系数；i取1时表示计算上层水平井的生产压差，i取2时表示计算下层水平井的生产压差；P表示地层压力；H表示油层厚度。
  19. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二参数获取模块，用于获取地层相关参数；其中，地层相关参数包括：渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度、夹层个数、夹层在地层中的纵向位置、夹层在地层中的横向位置其中之一或任意组合；
    位置参数确定模块，用于根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，水平井包括上层水平井和下层水平井。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述入流控制器包括：
    外壳(1)、入口(2)、第一导流腔(3)、第一导流孔(4)、第二导流腔(5)、第二导流孔(6)、第一底座(7)、第二底座(8)、挡板(9)、第一连杆(10)、第一转动轴(11)、第二连杆(12)、固定轴(13)、第二转动轴(14)、第三连杆(15)、传导板(16)、随动浮子(17)、铁片(18)、传导腔(19)、密度浮动腔(20)、浮子(21)、磁铁(22)、第三导流孔(23)、弱弹簧(24)、出口导流腔(25)、出口(26)；
    其中，入口(2)和出口(26)分别设置于外壳(1)两侧，入口(2)与第一导流腔(3)相通，第一导流腔(3)通过第一导流孔(4)与第二导流腔(5)相通，第一导流腔(3)通过第三导流孔(23)与密度浮动腔(20)相通，磁铁(22)嵌于浮子(21)内，浮子(21)置于密度浮动腔(20)内浮动，传导腔(19)为密封腔体，传导腔(19)与密度浮动腔(20)相邻，铁片(18)嵌于随动浮子(17)内，随动浮子(17)随着浮子(21)在传导腔(19)内移动，传导板(16)设置于随动浮子(17)下方，传导板(16)与第三连杆(15)的第一端连接，第三连杆(15)的第二端与第二连杆(12)的第一端通过第二转动轴(14)连接，固定轴(13)设置于传导腔(19)与第二导流腔(5)分隔的内部壳体上，第二连杆(12)通过固定轴(13)穿过传导腔(19)与第二导流腔(5)分隔的内部壳体，用于改变传动方向，第二连杆(12)的第二端通过第一转动轴(11)与第一连杆(10)的第一端连接，第一连杆(10)的第二端与挡板(9)连接，弱弹簧(24)的第一端固定在第二导流腔(5)的内部壳体上，弱弹簧(24)的第二端与挡板(9)连接，第一底座(7)与第二底座(8)设置于第二导流腔(5)和出口导流腔(25)之间，第二导流孔(6)设置于第一底座(7)与第二底座(8)之间，第二导流腔(5)通过第二导流孔(6)与出口导流腔(25)相通，出口导流腔(25)与出口(26)相通。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，位置参数确定模块具体用于：
    接收预设的多组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离参数；
    根据地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差，利用数值模 拟的方法，依次读取每一组第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离，确定产油量最大值；
    根据产油量最大值，确定在水平井内设置第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离。
  22. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，位置参数确定模块具体用于：
    将地层相关参数、地层压力、水平井长度、水平井与油层底部的高度差输入位置参数确定模型，输出水平井内第一入流控制器的位置、入流控制器的个数、相邻入流控制器的距离；其中，位置参数确定模型是根据历史地层相关参数、历史地层压力、历史水平井长度、历史水平井与油层底部的高度差，和对应的水平井内历史第一入流控制器的位置、历史入流控制器的个数、历史相邻入流控制器的距离，对机器学习模型进行训练得到的。
  23. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至11任一所述方法。
  24. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至11任一所述方法。
  25. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至11任一所述方法。
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