WO2024259842A1 - 固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法及装置 - Google Patents

固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024259842A1
WO2024259842A1 PCT/CN2023/127738 CN2023127738W WO2024259842A1 WO 2024259842 A1 WO2024259842 A1 WO 2024259842A1 CN 2023127738 W CN2023127738 W CN 2023127738W WO 2024259842 A1 WO2024259842 A1 WO 2024259842A1
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cement
self
simulated
cement ring
healing
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王福云
范宇
郑友志
李文哲
孔波
郭枫林
谭其艳
张兴国
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development, and in particular to a method and a device for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone.
  • the existing methods for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone are mainly:
  • This method is to compare and analyze the self-healing ability of cementing cement by testing the mechanical properties (including compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength and bonding strength, etc.) of cement stone before destruction (or before healing) and after healing and curing.
  • the test method includes: curing cement stone test blocks under certain conditions, preparing samples after a certain period of curing, testing the compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of the samples, placing the samples that have been destroyed after the test in the curing device for continued curing, and then measuring the mechanical properties data such as compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of the samples after curing for a period of time, and monitoring the recovery of the mechanical properties of cement samples with different curing times.
  • the ratio of the mechanical properties data before and after healing is used as the healing index of self-healing cement.
  • acoustic emission The phenomenon of releasing strain energy in the form of elastic waves when a structure is deformed or fractured by force is called acoustic emission.
  • Acoustic emission is a dynamic, passive monitoring technology that does not require external energy like ultrasonic technology. It can truly achieve online, real-time monitoring, and can quickly reflect the damage state and defect location of the material, greatly saving monitoring time and reducing costs.
  • acoustic emission technology can effectively monitor the generation and expansion of concrete cracks, and is very sensitive to internal changes in components. Before and after concrete healing, due to internal changes in components, it will manifest as different acoustic emission signals on a macro scale. Cracks that do not expand will not generate acoustic emission signals. The presence or absence of acoustic emission signals and the characteristic changes of the signals can be used to judge the self-healing effect of concrete and its damage evolution process.
  • the Chinese patent number CN104502419B discloses a device and method for evaluating the self-healing ability of self-healing cement.
  • This method measures the conductivity of the electrolyte solution in the through-hole of the cement stone, calculates the percentage of reduction in the effective cross-sectional area of the through-hole at the axial center of the cement stone, and quantitatively evaluates the self-healing ability of the cement stone; at the same time, this method can measure the conductivity of the electrolyte solution in the through-hole of the cement stone at different ages, reflect the change in the cross-sectional area of the through-hole of the cement stone at different ages, and quantitatively monitor the self-healing process.
  • the self-healing ability K of the cement stone is expressed as the percentage of the cross-sectional area of the through-hole reduced after t time.
  • the permeability/flow change analysis method is currently the most widely accepted method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cement paste.
  • This method uses a CT scanner to measure the pore size of the cement paste module after the experiment, and tests the permeability of the cement paste before and after self-healing; the self-healing performance of the self-healing cement paste after gas erosion is analyzed based on the changes in permeability and pore size.
  • the mechanical property evaluation method cannot reflect the seepage of formation fluids in the microcracks of the cement sheath, while the permeability measurement method can directly reflect the seepage of fluids in the microcracks of the cement sheath.
  • the method of analyzing the healing of cement sheaths by cement paste permeability has been recognized in the cementing field, but there is no unified test method.
  • the main test process of this method is: curing cement paste test blocks under certain conditions, simulating microcracks through different degrees of damage, and then continuously monitoring the permeability change trend of cement paste on the cement paste permeability meter, recording the response time of the self-healing material and the healing time of cement paste microcracks.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device, which is used to analyze the cement self-healing ability of cement in combination with the cement structure in actual application, and analyze the apparent characteristics of cement self-healing and the volume changes of internal micro-annuli and micro-cracks, so as to improve the reliability and rationality of the cement self-healing ability analysis results.
  • the device includes: a cement ring maintenance and cracking module, a CT scanning module, a data processing module, a simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system, a crude oil pressure pump, and a gas bottle; wherein,
  • the cement ring maintenance and joint making module is provided with an inner layer simulated cement ring and an outer layer simulated cement ring;
  • the simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system cooperates with the gas bottle to perform seam treatment on the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring;
  • the crude oil pressure pump and the gas bottle are used to perform self-healing maintenance tests on the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring after the seam treatment;
  • a CT scanning module is used to perform non-destructive scanning of the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring during the self-healing curing test of the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring, and transmit the scanning data to the data processing module;
  • the data processing module is used to collect flow data of the inner layer simulated cement sheath and the outer layer simulated cement sheath during the self-healing maintenance test, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction according to the scanning data sent by the CT scanning module, and to determine the self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement stone according to the three-dimensional reconstruction result and the flow data;
  • the flow data is the flow data of the gas or crude oil that passes into one end of the inner layer simulated cement sheath and the outer layer simulated cement sheath and then flows out of the other end of the inner layer simulated cement sheath and the outer layer simulated cement sheath.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis method, which is used to analyze the cement self-healing ability of cement in combination with the cement structure in practical applications, and simultaneously analyze the apparent characteristics of cement self-healing and the volume changes of internal micro-annuli and micro-cracks, so as to improve the reliability and rationality of the cement self-healing ability analysis results.
  • the method uses the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device in the embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes:
  • the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring After the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring have been cured for a preset number of days, the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring are subjected to cracking treatment using the simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system and the gas bottle to obtain the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks;
  • the self-healing curing test was carried out on the inner layer simulated cement sheath and outer layer simulated cement sheath with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks using crude oil pressure pump and gas bottle.
  • the inner layer simulated cement sheath was collected using CT scanning module. Image data of cement sheath and outer simulated cement sheath, and statistics of flow data during the self-healing curing test of inner simulated cement sheath and outer simulated cement sheath;
  • the image data is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain cement ring three-dimensional reconstruction result data;
  • the analysis result of the self-healing ability of the second cementing cement stone is determined
  • the self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement is determined according to the first self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement and the second self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone when executing the computer program.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • a computer program product which includes a computer program.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device, which mainly includes: a cement ring maintenance and slit making module, a CT scanning module, a data processing module, a simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system, a crude oil pressure pump, and a gas bottle.
  • the structure of the cement ring maintenance and slit making module is combined with the cement stone structure in actual application, and a double-layer cement ring is arranged inside: an inner layer simulated cement ring and an outer layer simulated cement ring.
  • the self-healing ability of a single-layer cement ring can be analyzed, and the self-healing ability of a multi-layer cement ring can also be analyzed.
  • the CT scanning module scans the cement ring image data in the self-healing maintenance test, and uses the image data to perform Three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the results of three-dimensional reconstruction, the volumes of effective micro-annuli and micro-cracks inside the cement sheath at different periods can be determined.
  • the volume changes of the internal micro-annuli and micro-cracks and the apparent characteristics of cement stone self-healing are analyzed at the same time, and the real self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the self-healing rate of the cement sheath are calculated.
  • the self-healing ability analysis results of cementing cement stone are given, which improves the reliability and rationality of the self-healing ability analysis results of cementing cement stone.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone, comprising: based on the self-healing ability analyzing device of cementing stone in the embodiment of the present invention, after the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring are cured for a preset number of days, the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring are subjected to seam treatment, and then the seams with micro-annuluses and micro-cracks are treated. The inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring of the seam are subjected to self-healing maintenance test.
  • the image data of the inner layer simulated cement ring and the outer layer simulated cement ring are collected by using the CT scanning module, and the flow data of the outer layer simulated cement ring and the inner layer simulated cement ring during the self-healing maintenance test are counted, and the self-healing ability analysis of cementing cement stone is performed based on the image data and the flow data.
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines the first cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result by continuously counting the flow data of the gas and liquid outlet hole at the end of the cement ring at different times during the self-healing process, and at the same time, the image data collected by the CT scanning module are three-dimensionally reconstructed to determine the second cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result, and finally the first cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result and the second cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result are combined to realize the simultaneous analysis of the volume change of the internal micro-annulus and micro-cracks and the apparent characteristics of cement stone self-healing, calculate the real self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the cement ring self-healing rate, and finally give the cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result, thereby improving the reliability and rationality of the cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a device for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cement ring maintenance and cracking module in a cement stone self-healing ability analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a cement self-healing ability analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device comprises: a cement ring maintenance and cracking module (1), a CT scanning module (2), a data processing module (3), a simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system (4), a crude oil pressurization pump (5), and a gas bottle (6); wherein:
  • the cement ring curing and seam-making module (1) is provided with an inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and an outer layer simulated cement ring (18);
  • the simulated casing internal pressure pressurizing system (4) cooperates with the gas bottle (6) to perform seam-making processing on the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18);
  • the crude oil pressure pump (5) cooperates with the gas bottle (6) to perform a self-healing maintenance test on the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) after the seam-making treatment;
  • a CT scanning module (2) is used to perform non-destructive scanning on the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) and the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) during the self-healing maintenance test of the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) and the inner layer simulated cement ring (16), and transmit the scanned data to the data processing module;
  • the data processing module (3) is used to collect flow data of the outer layer simulated cement sheath (18) and the inner layer simulated cement sheath (16) during the self-healing maintenance test, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction based on the scanning data sent by the CT scanning module (2), and to determine the self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement according to the three-dimensional reconstruction result and the flow data;
  • the flow data is the flow data of the gas or crude oil that enters one end of the outer layer simulated cement sheath (18) and the inner layer simulated cement sheath (16) and then flows out of the other end of the outer layer simulated cement sheath (18) and the inner layer simulated cement sheath (16).
  • the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device in the embodiment of the present invention mainly comprises: a cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1), a CT scanning module (2), a data processing module (3), a simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system (4), a crude oil pressure pump (5), and a gas bottle (6).
  • the structure of the cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1) is combined with the cement stone structure in actual application, and a double-layer cement ring is arranged inside: an inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and an outer layer simulated cement ring (18).
  • the self-healing ability of a single-layer cement ring can be analyzed, and the self-healing ability of a multi-layer cement ring can also be analyzed.
  • the CT scanning module (2) scans the cement ring image data in the self-healing maintenance test.
  • the image data is used for three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the three-dimensional reconstruction results, the effective micro-annulus and micro-crack volumes inside the cement sheath at different periods can be determined.
  • the volume changes of the internal micro-annulus and micro-cracks and the apparent characteristics of cement stone self-healing are analyzed at the same time, and the real self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the cement sheath self-healing rate are calculated.
  • the self-healing ability analysis results of cementing cement are given, thereby improving the reliability and rationality of the self-healing ability analysis results of cementing cement.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a cement ring curing and seaming module in a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cement ring curing and seaming module (1) may further include: an outer kettle body (11), a kettle cover (12), a simulated wellbore lower end cover (13), a center positioning shaft (14), an inner layer simulated casing (15), an outer layer simulated casing (17), simulated surrounding rock (19) and a heating resistance wire (111), a cement ring end gas and liquid inlet hole (115), a cement ring end gas and liquid outlet hole (116), and a cement ring end gas and liquid flow meter (119); wherein,
  • the outer kettle body (11) and the kettle cover (12) are connected by threads and metal cone seals to form a closed cavity.
  • the kettle cover (12) is both a sealing end cover of the outer kettle body and an upper end cover of the simulated wellbore.
  • the kettle cover (12) and the lower end cover (13) of the simulated wellbore are hollowed out and matched with the central positioning shaft (14).
  • the kettle cover (12), the lower end cover (13) of the simulated wellbore, the central positioning shaft (14), and the inner layer simulated casing (15) form a closed space, and the closed space simulates the internal pressure cavity of the casing;
  • the outer layers of the inner simulated casing (15) are the inner simulated cement sheath (16), the outer simulated casing (17), the outer simulated cement sheath (18), and the simulated surrounding rock (19) in sequence.
  • the annular space between the inner simulated casing (15) and the outer simulated casing (17) is the inner simulated cement sheath (16)
  • the annular space between the outer simulated casing (17) and the simulated surrounding rock (19) is the outer simulated cement sheath (18);
  • the kettle cover (12) is provided with a cement ring end gas and liquid inlet hole (115) and a cement ring end gas and liquid outlet hole (116), and a cement ring end gas and liquid outlet flowmeter (119) is connected to the cement ring end gas and liquid outlet hole (116) outside the outer kettle body (11);
  • the heating resistance wire (111) is arranged on the outer layer of the outer kettle body (11), and the heating resistance wire (111) can be designed in the form of a heating sleeve and sleeved on the outer layer of the outer kettle body (11).
  • the cement ring curing and seam forming module (1) may further include: an internal temperature sensor (120) and an external temperature sensor (112); wherein the internal temperature sensor (120) is arranged on the central positioning shaft (14), and the external temperature sensor (112) is arranged on the outer layer of the outer kettle body (11).
  • the temperature is adjusted by the heating resistance wire (111) according to actual needs, and the internal and external temperatures of the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device are detected in real time by the internal temperature sensor (120) and the external temperature sensor (112), which helps to improve the reliability and accuracy of the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis.
  • the upper temperature limit of all components in the cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1) reaches 260°C, and the upper pressure limit reaches 200Mpa.
  • the upper temperature limit of the external temperature sensor (112) and the upper pressure limit of the internal temperature sensor (120) reach 260°C, and the upper pressure limit reaches 200MPa. It should be noted that the difference between the temperature and pressure of the simulation experiment and the actual situation is often ignored in the prior art, while the high temperature and high pressure of the actual operation are fully considered in this example.
  • All components in the cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1) are high temperature resistant and high pressure resistant devices, which improves the reliability and rationality of the simulation of cement ring seam making and cement stone self-healing ability analysis.
  • the kettle cover (12) is also provided with a confining pressure pressurization hole (117), a confining pressure exhaust hole (118) and an internal pressure exhaust hole (114);
  • the central positioning shaft (14) is provided with an internal pressure pressurization hole (113) and an internal pressure exhaust hole (114); and a cement ring end gas inlet and liquid hole (115) is provided on the lower end cover (13) of the simulated wellbore.
  • a support (110) is provided at the bottom of the outer kettle (11), so that the cementing cement stone curing and self-healing can be carried out stably.
  • the simulated surrounding rock (19) uses steel pipes of different thicknesses, and simulates surrounding rocks of different properties by changing the thickness. It should be noted that the prior art often ignores the difference between the properties of the surrounding rocks in the simulation experiment and the actual situation.
  • the simulated surrounding rock (19) is set to use steel pipes of different thicknesses to simulate surrounding rocks of different properties, thereby improving the reliability and rationality of the simulated cement ring cracking and cement stone self-healing ability analysis.
  • the geometric dimensions of the inner simulated cement sheath (16) and the outer simulated cement sheath (18) are determined by scaling according to the actual wellbore geometric dimensions.
  • r 1 is the simulated cement sheath inner radius, mm;
  • r 2 is the outer radius of the simulated cement ring, mm;
  • r 1 is the actual inner radius of the wellbore cement ring, mm;
  • r2 is the actual outer radius of the wellbore cement ring, mm.
  • Tables 1 and 2 are illustrations of the actual wellbore cement sheath size
  • Table 2 is an illustration of the simulated cement sheath size after reduction based on a similarity ratio of 0.35.
  • This example fully considers the service environment and space environment of the real underground cementing cement sheath in actual situations, and further improves the reliability and rationality of the simulation of cement sheath fracture formation and cement stone self-healing ability analysis.
  • the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device may further include a plurality of pressure gauges (7), a plurality of fluid flow meters (8), and a four-way valve (9); wherein the pressure gauge (7) is used to test the pressure of the gas or liquid input into the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18), and the fluid flow meter (8) is used to test the flow of the gas or liquid input into the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18).
  • the gas cylinder (6) is a natural gas cylinder or a nitrogen cylinder, and the natural gas cylinder or the nitrogen cylinder can be replaced according to actual test requirements.
  • the data processing module (3) performs three-dimensional reconstruction on the scan data sent by the CT scanning module (2) through a pre-set program. Specifically, it performs three-dimensional reconstruction on various pores and microcracks inside the cement sheath, and finally obtains the volume of invalid pores and microcracks inside the cement sheath and the volume of effective micro-annular gaps and microcracks of the cement sheath at any time.
  • the data processing module (3) obtains the flow data of the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) and the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) during the self-healing maintenance test through a pre-set program, and calculates the apparent self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the apparent cement ring self-healing rate based on the flow data.
  • the data processing module (3) combines the three-dimensional reconstruction results and the flow data calculation results to output the final analysis results of the self-healing ability of cementing stone.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone, which is applied to the self-healing ability analyzing device of cementing stone in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a flow chart of the method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG3, the method includes:
  • Step 301 Based on the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device, after the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) have been cured for a preset number of days, the simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system (4) and the gas bottle (6) are used. Performing cracking processing on the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) to obtain the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks;
  • Step 302 using a crude oil pressure pump (5) and a gas bottle (6) to perform a self-healing maintenance test on the inner layer simulated cement sheath (16) and the outer layer simulated cement sheath (18) with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks.
  • a CT scanning module (2) to collect image data of the inner layer simulated cement sheath (16) and the outer layer simulated cement sheath (18), and at the same time, statistically analyzing the flow data of the outer layer simulated cement sheath (18) and the inner layer simulated cement sheath (16) during the self-healing maintenance test.
  • Step 303 after the self-healing curing test is completed, the image data is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain three-dimensional reconstruction result data of the cement ring;
  • Step 304 determining the self-healing ability analysis result of the first cementing cement according to the flow data during the self-healing maintenance test of the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) and the inner layer simulated cement ring (16);
  • Step 305 Determine the self-healing ability analysis result of the second cementing cement according to the three-dimensional reconstruction result data of the cement sheath;
  • Step 306 Determine a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result according to the first cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result and the second cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result.
  • the method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone in the embodiment of the present invention comprises: based on the self-healing ability analyzing device for cementing stone in the embodiment of the present invention, after the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) are cured for a preset number of days, the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) are subjected to a cracking treatment, and then the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks are subjected to a self-healing curing test, and during the self-healing curing test, the image data of the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) are collected by using a CT scanning module (2), and the flow data of the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) and the inner layer simulated cement ring (16)
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines a first cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result by continuously counting flow data of the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring at different moments during the self-healing process, and simultaneously performs three-dimensional reconstruction on image data collected by a CT scanning module to determine a second cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result.
  • first cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result and the second cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result are combined to achieve simultaneous analysis of the volume changes of internal micro-annuli and micro-cracks and the apparent characteristics of cement self-healing, calculate the true self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the cement ring self-healing rate, and finally give a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result, thereby improving the reliability and rationality of the cementing cement self-healing ability analysis result.
  • the first step is curing.
  • the curing temperature is adjusted by a heating sleeve formed by a heating resistor wire (111) and a temperature control system formed by an inner temperature sensor (120) and an outer temperature sensor (112), and the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) are cured to a set age.
  • the set age can be set to 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, etc. according to experimental requirements.
  • the second step is to create seams.
  • the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) are processed with seams by using the simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system (4) and the gas bottle (6) to obtain the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks.
  • the gas inlet and liquid hole (115) at the end of the cement ring is opened, and 2-5 MPa nitrogen is introduced through a gas bottle (6) (in this case, a nitrogen bottle), and the hydraulic pressure is increased in the casing through a simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system (4), specifically, experimental oil is filled, and the pressurization rate is controlled at 0.5 MPa-5 MPa/min as needed, until a preset nitrogen flow rate is detected at the gas outlet and liquid hole (116) at the end of the cement ring.
  • the pressure is released through the internal pressure exhaust hole 114.
  • the seam creation is completed, and an inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and an outer layer simulated cement ring (18) with micro-annular gaps and micro-cracks are obtained.
  • Step 3 Self-healing maintenance and testing.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide static self-healing maintenance and testing, and dynamic self-healing maintenance and testing.
  • the flow rate of the natural gas or crude oil at the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring is recorded as the flow rate of the natural gas or crude oil at the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring at the initial time (t0);
  • natural gas or crude oil at a first preset pressure for example, between 0.1 and 5 MPa
  • first preset time for example, 1 to 5 minutes
  • the gas outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring is first closed, and then the gas inlet hole (115) at the end of the cement ring is closed to ensure that the natural gas or crude oil at the corresponding pressure is sealed in the simulated cement ring, and the cement ring is cured at a preset temperature and pressure for a third preset time (for example, any time of 4 to 24 hours);
  • the gas-liquid inlet hole (115) and the gas-liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring are opened in sequence, so that natural gas or crude oil of the same pressure can flow into the simulated cement ring, and the flow rate of the natural gas or crude oil at the gas-liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring at any time point (t1) is recorded.
  • the flow rate of the natural gas or crude oil at the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring is recorded as the flow rate of the natural gas or crude oil at the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring at the initial time (t0);
  • a natural gas bottle or a crude oil pressure pump (5) is used to inject natural gas or crude oil of a first preset pressure (for example, between 0.1 and 5 MPa) into the closed cavity in the cement ring curing and seaming module (1), and the natural gas or crude oil of the corresponding pressure is kept sealed in the simulated cement ring.
  • a first preset pressure for example, between 0.1 and 5 MPa
  • the gas inlet and liquid hole (115) at the end of the cement ring and the gas outlet and liquid hole (116) at the end of the cement ring are continuously opened.
  • the cement ring is cured at a preset temperature and pressure for a third preset time (for example, any time of 4 to 24 hours), and the flow rate of the natural gas or crude oil at the gas outlet and liquid hole (116) at the end of the cement ring at any time point (t1) is recorded.
  • a third preset time for example, any time of 4 to 24 hours
  • Step 4 During the process of step 3, the image data of the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18) are continuously collected by using the CT scanning module (2). When the self-healing maintenance is completed, the statistical flow data and image data are obtained at the same time. Afterwards, the final self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement is obtained based on the flow data and the image data.
  • the self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement may include the self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent, the self-healing rate of the cement ring, and the quantitative level of the self-healing effect of the cementing cement.
  • Step 5 Determine the self-healing ability analysis result of the first cementing cement according to the flow rate data during the self-healing maintenance test of the inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and the outer layer simulated cement ring (18).
  • the self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent is calculated according to the following formula, which is recorded as the apparent self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent:
  • ⁇ apparent (t) is the apparent self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent, 10 -3 min -1 ;
  • the cement sheath self-healing rate is calculated according to the following formula, which is recorded as the apparent cement sheath self-healing rate:
  • ⁇ is the apparent self-healing rate of cement sheath, dimensionless (%)
  • t0 is the initial time when the flow rate appears at the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring, min;
  • tfinal is the termination time of the self-healing test of cement sheath encountering oil or gas, min.
  • Vinvalid is the volume of invalid pores and microcracks inside the cement sheath, cm 3 .
  • the cement sheath self-healing rate is calculated according to the following formula, which is recorded as the real cement sheath self-healing rate:
  • t0 is the initial time when the flow rate appears at the gas and liquid outlet hole (116) at the end of the cement ring, min;
  • tfinal is the termination time of the self-healing evaluation experiment of cement sheath encountering oil or gas, min.
  • Step 7 Determine the self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement according to the first self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement and the second self-healing ability analysis result of the cementing cement.
  • the self-healing rate, apparent cement ring self-healing rate, and the real self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the real cement ring self-healing rate in the second cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis result are compared and analyzed. For the parts with more deviations, re-tests are carried out.
  • the cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis results can be determined according to the first cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis results and the second cementing cement stone self-healing ability analysis results.
  • Table 3 is a quantitative analysis and evaluation table of the self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent.
  • Table 4 is a quantitative analysis and evaluation table of the self-healing effect of cement paste.
  • the embodiment of the present invention follows the principle of geometric similarity between the size of the simulated cement ring in the simulated wellbore and the size of the cement ring in the actual wellbore (casing-cement ring-wellbore surrounding rock combination), and uses steel pipes of different wall thicknesses to simulate surrounding rocks of different properties, thereby improving the reliability and rationality of cement ring slitting, and then realizing a maintenance-slitting-testing-analysis integrated design that is closer to the actual downhole cementing cement ring service environment.
  • the cement self-healing ability analysis device of the embodiment of the present invention meets the actual high temperature and high pressure conditions of deep natural gas wells.
  • the upper temperature limit of all components in the cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1) reaches 260°C, and the upper pressure limit reaches 200MPa.
  • the self-healing ability analysis device for cementing cement can analyze the self-healing ability of a single-layer cement ring. It can not only analyze the force, but also analyze the self-healing ability of multi-layer cement sheath, which improves the analytical ability of simulating the complex structure of cement sheath.
  • the embodiment of the present invention combines the CT scanning method with the three-dimensional reconstruction image processing technology to characterize the volume changes of effective micro-annulus and micro-cracks (through micro-cracks and micro-gaps that can provide channels for natural gas to flow) during the self-healing process of the cement sheath, and provides a method for calculating the self-healing response rate of the real self-healing agent and the real cement sheath self-healing rate.
  • This method can effectively avoid the influence of the volume of invalid pores and micro-cracks inside the cement sheath that cannot form natural gas circulation channels on the self-healing effect of cement stone.
  • the embodiment of the present invention combines the analysis results of the self-healing ability of cementing stone using flow data and the analysis results using three-dimensional reconstruction technology, making the analysis results of the self-healing ability of cementing stone more reliable.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device 400, including a processor 401, a memory 402, and a computer program 403 stored in the memory 402 and executable on the processor 401.
  • the processor 401 executes the computer program 403, the above-mentioned cementing cement self-healing ability analysis method is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for analyzing the self-healing ability of cementing stone is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • a computer program product which includes a computer program.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a cementing cement self-healing ability analysis device, which mainly comprises: a cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1), a CT scanning module (2), a data processing module (3), a simulated casing internal pressure pressurization system (4), a crude oil pressurization pump (5), and a gas bottle (6).
  • the structure of the cement ring maintenance and seam making module (1) is combined with the cement stone structure in actual application, and a double-layer cement ring is arranged inside: an inner layer simulated cement ring (16) and an outer layer simulated cement ring (18).
  • the self-healing ability of a single-layer cement ring can be analyzed, and the self-healing ability of a multi-layer cement ring can also be analyzed.
  • the CT scanning module (2) scans the cement ring image data in the self-healing maintenance test, and uses The image data is used for three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the three-dimensional reconstruction results, the effective micro-annulus and micro-crack volumes inside the cement sheath at different periods can be determined.
  • the volume changes of the internal micro-annulus and micro-cracks and the apparent characteristics of cement stone self-healing are analyzed at the same time, the real self-healing response rate of the self-healing agent and the cement sheath self-healing rate are calculated, and finally the self-healing ability analysis results of cementing cement are given, thereby improving the reliability and rationality of the self-healing ability analysis results of cementing cement.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer programs.
  • Product. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
  • the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
  • each process and/or box in the flowchart and/or block diagram, as well as the combination of the process and/or box in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions.
  • These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法及装置，涉及石油天然气勘探开发技术领域，其中该装置包括：水泥环养护造缝模块、CT扫描模块、数据处理模块、模拟套管内压加压系统、原油加压泵、气体瓶；其中，水泥环养护造缝模块内设双层模拟水泥环；模拟套管内压加压系统与气体瓶配合用于对双层模拟水泥环进行造缝处理；原油加压泵与气体瓶配合用于对造缝处理后的双层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试；CT扫描模块用于在双层模拟水泥环的自愈合养护测试过程中，对双层模拟水泥环进行无损扫描，将扫描数据传输到数据处理模块；数据处理模块用于确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。本发明可以提高水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性。

Description

固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及石油天然气勘探开发技术领域，尤其涉及一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法及装置。
背景技术
本部分旨在为权利要求书中陈述的本发明实施例提供背景或上下文。此处的描述不因为包括在本部分中就承认是现有技术。
本部分旨在为权利要求书中陈述的本发明实施例提供背景或上下文。此处的描述不因为包括在本部分中就承认是现有技术。
随着天然气向深地层的开采，环空带压问题越来越严重，油气井固井水泥环在外力作用下可能产生微间隙或微裂缝等破坏，若其破坏继续发展就很可能导致水泥环封隔失效等严重问题。常用于解决该类问题的固井方法包括采用高机械性能弹性膨胀水泥浆和具有自我修复性能的自愈合水泥浆体系，弹性膨胀水泥浆体系主要用于应对完井作业时射孔和压裂，可有效应对拉伸和压缩造成的水泥石破坏，但水泥石一旦受到破坏后，无法达到自我修复的效果；而自愈合水泥浆体系可通过自我诊断修复的技术，解决水泥环受到破坏引起的油气窜流问题。经过多年发展，国内外在自愈合水泥浆配方方面取得了巨大进步，但是对应的水泥石自愈合能力评价仍然存在很多缺陷，对于水泥自愈合能力评价仍未形成公认的分析方法。
现有的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法主要有：
(1)力学性能分析法：
该方法是通过测试水泥石破坏前(或愈合前)和愈合养护后的力学性能(包括抗压强度、抗折强度及抗拉强度及粘结强度等)，以对比分析固井水泥石的自愈合能力。测试方法包括：在一定条件下养护水泥石试块，养护一定时间后，进行制样，测试样品抗压强度、抗折强度及抗拉强度，将测试完破坏的样品放入养护装置中继续养护，养护一段时间后，再测其样品抗压强度、抗折强度及抗拉强度等力学性能数据，监测不同养护时间的水泥样品力学性能恢复情况。通常将愈合前后力学性能数据比值作为自愈合水泥愈合指数。
(2)声发射法：
构建受力作用产生变形或断裂，以弹性波的形式释放应变能的现象称为声发射，声发射是一种动态、被动监测技术，不像超声技术需要借助外界的能量。能够真正做到在线、实时监测，能够快速反映材料的破坏损伤状态和缺陷位置，大大节省监测时间、降低成本。从国内外研究成果来看，声发射技术可以有效监测混凝土裂纹的产生与扩展，对构件内部变化非常敏感，混凝土愈合前后由于构件内部变化，在宏观上将表现为声发射信号不同，不扩展的裂纹就不会产生声发射信号，利用有无声发射信号及信号的特征变化，可以判断混凝土自愈合效果及其损伤演化过程。
(3)电导率法：
例如，专利号为CN104502419B的中国专利公开了一种自愈合水泥自愈合能力的评价装置及方法，这种方法通过测量水泥石通孔中电解质溶液的电导率，计算出水泥石轴向中心处通孔有效横截面积减小百分比，对水泥石自愈合能力进行定量评价；同时，这种方法可以通过测量不同龄期水泥石通孔中电解质溶液的电导率，反映养护不同龄期水泥石通孔横截面积的变化，定量监测自愈合过程。水泥石的自愈合能力K以经历t时间后通孔横截面积减小的百分比表示。
(4)渗透率/流量变化分析法：
渗透率/流量变化分析方法是目前最为普遍接受的一种分析水泥石自愈合能力的方法。该方法使用CT扫描仪测量实验后水泥石模块孔隙大小，并测试水泥石自愈合前后的渗透率；根据渗透率和孔隙大小变化分析自愈合水泥石受气侵蚀后的自愈合性能。力学性能评价方法无法反映地层流体在水泥环微裂中的缝渗流情况，而渗透率测定方法可直接反映流体在水泥环微裂缝渗流情况。以水泥石渗透率法分析固井水泥环愈合情况的方法在固井领域已经得到认可，但尚没有统一测试方法。该方法主要测试过程为：在一定条件下养护水泥石试块，通过不同程度损伤模拟微裂缝，然后在水泥石渗透率测定仪上连续监测水泥石渗透率变化趋势，记录自愈合材料响应时间和水泥石微裂缝愈合时间。
总体来看，虽然现阶段目前已建立多种分析方法以分析固井水泥石的自愈合能力，但是这些方法存在诸多缺陷，例如：
(1)现有技术多针对单层水泥环或单一水泥石的自愈合能力进行分析，但实际应用中不会单纯使用单层水泥环或单一水泥石，导致分析结果不可靠。
(2)现有技术的水泥石自愈合分析方法均依托气体流量、渗透率、电导率、力学性能等参数的变化表征水泥石自愈合率，上述参数的变化仅能表观的描述水泥石自愈合效 果，参数有限，虽然现有CT扫描方法将水泥石内部的所有孔隙和微裂缝变化均考虑其中，但是仍然缺乏对水泥石自愈合过程中内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化分析。
发明内容
本发明实施例还提供一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，用以结合实际应用中的水泥石结构进行水泥石自愈合能力分析，同时分析水泥石自愈合的表观特征和内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化，提高固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性，该装置包括：水泥环养护造缝模块、CT扫描模块、数据处理模块、模拟套管内压加压系统、原油加压泵、气体瓶；其中，
水泥环养护造缝模块内设内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环；
模拟套管内压加压系统与气体瓶配合，用于对内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行造缝处理；
原油加压泵与气体瓶配合，用于对造缝处理后的内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试；
CT扫描模块，用于在内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环的自愈合养护测试过程中，对内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行无损扫描，将扫描数据传输到数据处理模块；
数据处理模块，用于统计内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，以及根据所述CT扫描模块发送的扫描数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果和所述流量数据，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；所述流量数据为，通入内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环的一端部，然后流出内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据。
本发明实施例提供一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，用以结合实际应用中的水泥石结构进行水泥石自愈合能力分析，同时分析水泥石自愈合的表观特征和内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化，提高固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性，该方法应用本发明实施例中的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，该方法包括：
在内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环养护至预设天数后，利用模拟套管内压加压系统、气体瓶对内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行造缝处理，得到带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环；
利用原油加压泵、气体瓶对带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试，在自愈合养护测试的过程中，利用CT扫描模块采集内层模拟 水泥环和外层模拟水泥环的图像数据，同时统计内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据；
在自愈合养护测试结束后，利用所述图像数据进行三维重建，得到水泥环三维重建结果数据；
根据内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，确定第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；
根据水泥环三维重建结果数据，确定第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；
根据第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法。
本发明实施例中提供一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，主要包括：水泥环养护造缝模块、CT扫描模块、数据处理模块、模拟套管内压加压系统、原油加压泵、气体瓶，其中水泥环养护造缝模块的结构结合实际应用中的水泥石结构，内设双层水泥环：内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环，既可以针对单层水泥环的自愈合能力进行分析，也可针对多层水泥环自愈合能力进行分析；同时，CT扫描模块扫描自愈合养护测试中的水泥环图像数据，利用该图像数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果可以确定不同时期的水泥环内部的有效微环隙、微裂缝体积，并结合统计的通入内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环的一端部，然后流出内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据，同时分析内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化和水泥石自愈合的表观特征，计算出真实的自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和水泥环自愈合率，最终给出固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，提高了固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性。
本发明实施例中提供一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，包括：基于本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，在内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环养护至预设天数后，对内层模拟水泥环、外层模拟水泥环进行造缝处理，之后对带有微环隙、微裂 缝的内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试，在自愈合养护测试的过程中，利用CT扫描模块采集内层模拟水泥环和外层模拟水泥环的图像数据，同时统计外层模拟水泥环、内层模拟水泥环进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，基于图像数据和流量数据进行固井水泥石自愈合能力分析。本发明实施例通过持续统计自愈合过程中不同时刻水泥环端部出气液孔的流量数据，确定第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，同时通过CT扫描模块采集的图像数据进行三维重建，确定第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，最后综合第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，实现同时分析内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化和水泥石自愈合的表观特征，计算出真实的自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和水泥环自愈合率，最终给出固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，提高了固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置中水泥环养护造缝模块的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法的流程示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中计算机设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本发明实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
申请人发现，虽然现阶段目前已建立多种分析方法以分析固井水泥石的自愈合能力，但是这些方法存在诸多缺陷，例如缺乏对水泥石自愈合过程中内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化分析、分析结果不可靠等等，为此，申请人提出了固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置及方法。
图1为本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的示意图，如图1所示，该装置包括：水泥环养护造缝模块(1)、CT扫描模块(2)、数据处理模块(3)、模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)；其中，
水泥环养护造缝模块(1)内设内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)；
模拟套管内压加压系统(4)与气体瓶(6)配合，用于对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理；
原油加压泵(5)与气体瓶(6)配合，用于对造缝处理后的内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试；
CT扫描模块(2)，用于在外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)的自愈合养护测试过程中，对外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)进行无损扫描，将扫描数据传输到数据处理模块；
数据处理模块(3)，用于统计外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，以及根据所述CT扫描模块(2)发送的扫描数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果和所述流量数据，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；所述流量数据为，通入外层模拟水泥环(18)和内层模拟水泥环(16)的一端部，然后流出外层模拟水泥环(18)和内层模拟水泥环(16)的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据。
结合图1所示装置，本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，主要包括：水泥环养护造缝模块(1)、CT扫描模块(2)、数据处理模块(3)、模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)，其中水泥环养护造缝模块(1)的结构结合实际应用中的水泥石结构，内设双层水泥环：内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)，既可以针对单层水泥环的自愈合能力进行分析，也可针对多层水泥环自愈合能力进行分析；同时，CT扫描模块(2)扫描自愈合养护测试中的水泥环图像数据，利用该图像数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果可以确定不同时期的水泥环内部的有效微环隙、微裂缝体积，并结合统计的通入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的一端部，然后流出内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据，同时分析内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化和水泥石自愈合的表观特征，计算出真实的自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和水泥环自愈合率，最终给出固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，提高了固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性。
下面对本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置及方法进行详细介绍。
图2为本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置中水泥环养护造缝模块的示意图，如图2所示，水泥环养护造缝模块(1)还可以包括：外釜体(11)、釜盖(12)、模拟井筒下端盖(13)、中心定位轴(14)、内层模拟套管(15)、外层模拟套管(17)、模拟围岩(19)及加热电阻丝(111)、水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)、水泥环端部出气液流量计(119)；其中，
外釜体(11)和釜盖(12)通过螺纹和金属锥密封连接，形成封闭腔体，釜盖(12)既为外釜体的密封端盖，也为模拟井筒上端盖；
釜盖(12)和模拟井筒下端盖(13)中间掏空，与中心定位轴(14)配套连接，釜盖(12)、模拟井筒下端盖(13)、中心定位轴(14)、内层模拟套管(15)形成封闭空间，该封闭空间模拟套管内压腔体；
内层模拟套管(15)的外层依次是内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟套管(17)、外层模拟水泥环(18)、模拟围岩(19)，结合图2，内层模拟套管(15)和外层模拟套管(17)之间的环形空间为内层模拟水泥环(16)，外层模拟套管(17)和模拟围岩(19)之间的环形空间为外层模拟水泥环(18)；
釜盖(12)上开设水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)，水泥环端部出气液流量计(119)在外釜体(11)外连接水泥环端部出气液孔(116)；
所述加热电阻丝(111)设置于外釜体(11)外层，加热电阻丝(111)可以设计为加热套的形式套在外釜体(11)外层。
在一个实施例中，水泥环养护造缝模块(1)还可以包括：内温度传感器(120)、外温度传感器(112)；其中，内温度传感器(120)设置于中心定位轴(14)上，外温度传感器(112)设置于外釜体(11)外层。在水泥环养护及自愈合实验测试过程中，根据实际需求，通过加热电阻丝(111)调整温度，并通过内温度传感器(120)、外温度传感器(112)实时检测固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的内外温度有助于提高固井水泥石自愈合能力分析的可靠性、准确度。
在一个实施例中，所述水泥环养护造缝模块(1)中的所有元器件耐温上限均达到260℃，耐压上限均达到200Mpa，例如，外温度传感器(112)、内温度传感器(120)的耐温上限均达到260℃，耐压上限均达到200MPa。需要说明的是，现有技术中经常忽略模拟实验与实际情况温度、压力的区别，而本例中充分考虑实际作业情况的高温、高压情况，水泥环养护造缝模块(1)中的所有元器件采用耐高温、耐高压的器件，提高了模拟水泥环造缝及水泥石自愈合能力分析的可靠性和合理性。
在一个实施例中，釜盖(12)上还开设围压加压孔(117)、围压排气孔(118)和内压排气孔(114)，中心定位轴(14)上开设内压加压孔(113)，内压排气孔(114)，模拟井筒下端盖(13)开设水泥环端部进气液孔(115)，通过在多个部位开设加压孔、排气孔，使得水泥环养护、造缝更加贴合实际。
在一个实施例中，外釜体(11)底部设置有支座(110)，使得固井水泥石养护、自愈合稳定进行。
在一个实施例中，模拟围岩(19)采用不同厚度的钢管，通过改变其厚度模拟不同性质围岩。需要说明的是，现有技术中经常忽略模拟实验与实际情况围岩性质的区别，而本例中，设置模拟围岩(19)更选不同厚度的钢管，来模拟不同性质围岩，提高了模拟水泥环造缝及水泥石自愈合能力分析的可靠性和合理性。
在一个实施例中，内层模拟水泥环(16)和所述外层模拟水泥环(18)的几何尺寸根据实际井筒几何尺寸按比例缩放确定。
本装置的模拟水泥环和实际井筒水泥环存在如下关系：
式中：r1模拟为模拟水泥环内半径，mm；
r2模拟为模拟水泥环外半径，mm；
r1实际为实际井筒水泥环内半径，mm；
r2实际为实际井筒水泥环外半径，mm。
以215.9mm为实际井筒原始井眼尺寸为例，考虑不同井眼扩大率情况下的实际井筒尺寸、基于0.35相似比例缩减后的模拟水泥环尺寸如表1、表2所示，表1为实际井筒水泥环尺寸示意，表2为按0.35相似比例缩减后的模拟水泥环尺寸示意。
表1实际井筒水泥环尺寸示意
表2按0.35相似比例缩减后的模拟水泥环尺寸示意
本例充分考虑实际情况中真实井下固井水泥环的服役环境、空间环境，进一步提高模拟水泥环造缝及水泥石自愈合能力分析的可靠性和合理性。
在一个实施例中，参考图1，固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置还可以包括多个压力表(7)、多个流体流量计(8)、四通(9)；其中，压力表(7)用于测试输入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)气体或液体的压强，流体流量计(8)用于测试输入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)气体或液体的流量。
在一个实施例中，气体瓶(6)为天然气瓶或氮气瓶，可根据实际试验需求更换天然气瓶或氮气瓶。
进一步的，数据处理模块(3)，通过预先设定的程序，对CT扫描模块(2)发送的扫描数据进行三维重建，具体的，对水泥环内部的各类孔隙、微裂缝进行三维重建，最终得到水泥环内部无效孔隙、微裂缝体积和任意时刻的水泥环有效微环隙、微裂缝体积。
同时，数据处理模块(3)，通过预先设定的程序，获取外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，根据流量数据计算表观自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和表观水泥环自愈合率。
最终，数据处理模块(3)综合三维重建结果和流量数据计算结果，输出最终的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的所有部件都是拆卸、更换的。
本发明实施例中还提供了一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，应用于本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，图3为本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法的流程示意图，如图3所示，该方法包括：
步骤301、基于固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，在内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)养护至预设天数后，利用模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、气体瓶(6) 对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理，得到带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)；
步骤302、利用原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)对带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试，在自愈合养护测试的过程中，利用CT扫描模块(2)采集内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的图像数据，同时统计外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据；
步骤303、在自愈合养护测试结束后，利用所述图像数据进行三维重建，得到水泥环三维重建结果数据；
步骤304、根据外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，确定第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；
步骤305、根据水泥环三维重建结果数据，确定第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；
步骤306、根据第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
从图3所示流程可以看出，本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，包括：基于本发明实施例中固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，在内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)养护至预设天数后，对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理，之后对带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试，在自愈合养护测试的过程中，利用CT扫描模块(2)采集内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的图像数据，同时统计外层模拟水泥环(18)、内层模拟水泥环(16)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，基于图像数据和流量数据进行固井水泥石自愈合能力分析。本发明实施例通过持续统计自愈合过程中不同时刻水泥环端部出气液孔(116)的流量数据，确定第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，同时通过CT扫描模块采集的图像数据进行三维重建，确定第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，最后综合第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，实现同时分析内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化和水泥石自愈合的表观特征，计算出真实的自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和水泥环自愈合率，最终给出固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，提高了固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性。
下面对本发明实施例固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法进行详细解释。
第一步、养护。通过加热电阻丝(111)形成的加热套搭配内温度传感器(120)、外温度传感器(112)形成的温控系统，调节养护温度，养护内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)至设定龄期，设定龄期可以根据实验需求设定为1天、3天、7天、15天、30天等。
第二步、造缝。利用模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、气体瓶(6)对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理，得到带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)。
具体的，打开水泥环端部进气液孔(115)，利用气体瓶(6)(此时为氮气瓶)通入2～5MPa氮气，并通过模拟套管内压加压系统(4)在套管内增加液压，具体为充入实验用油，根据需要将增压速率控制在0.5MPa-5MPa/min，直至在水泥环端部出气液孔(116)检测到预设流量的氮气流量，保压第一预设时长，例如10min后，利用内压排气孔114进行泄压，此时造缝完成，得到带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)。
第三步、自愈合养护与测试。
本发明实施例中提供静态自愈合养护与测试，和，动态自愈合养护与测试。
静态自愈合养护与测试：
泄压完成后，记录水泥环端部出气液孔(116)的天然气或原油的流量，记为初始时刻(t0)的水泥环端部出气液孔(116)的天然气或原油的流量；
然后利用天然气瓶或原油加压泵(5)，向水泥环养护造缝模块(1)内封闭腔体注入第一预设压强(例如，0.1～5MPa之间)的天然气或原油，保持第一预设时长(例如1～5min)后，先关闭水泥环端部出气液孔(116)，再关闭水泥环端部进气液孔(115)，确保相应压力天然气或原油密封在模拟水泥环中，在预设温度、压力下养护第三预设时长(例如，4～24h的任意时长)；
之后，再依次打开水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)，使相同压力的天然气或原油通入模拟水泥环中，记录任意时间点(t1)水泥环端部出气液孔(116)天然气或原油的流量。
动态自愈合养护与测试：
泄压完成后，记录水泥环端部出气液孔(116)的天然气或原油的流量，记为初始时刻(t0)的水泥环端部出气液孔(116)的天然气或原油的流量；
然后利用天然气瓶或原油加压泵(5)，向水泥环养护造缝模块(1)内封闭腔体注入第一预设压强(例如，0.1～5MPa之间)的天然气或原油，保持相应压力天然气或原油密封在模拟水泥环中，持续打开水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)，在预设温度、压力下养护第三预设时长(例如，4～24h的任意时长)，记录任意时间点(t1)水泥环端部出气液孔(116)天然气或原油的流量。
第四步、在第三步的过程中，持续利用CT扫描模块(2)采集内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的图像数据，自愈合养护结束时，同时得到统计的流量数据和图像数据。之后，根据流量数据和图像数据，得到最后的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果可以包括自愈合剂自愈合响应速率、水泥环自愈合率以及固井水泥石自愈合效果量化等级等。
第五步、根据内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，确定第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
根据内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，按如下公式，计算自愈合剂自愈合响应速率，记为表观自愈合剂自愈合响应速率：
式中，α表观(t)为表观自愈合剂自愈合响应速率，10-3min-1；
为初始时刻(t0时刻)水泥环端部出气液孔(116)流量，mL/min；
为t1时刻(测试期间的某一个时刻)水泥环端部出气液孔(116)流量，mL/min；
为t2时刻(测试期间除t1时刻以外的时刻)水泥环端部出气液孔(116)流量，mL/min。
根据表观自愈合剂自愈合响应速率，按如下公式，计算水泥环自愈合率，记为表观水泥环自愈合率：
式中，η表观为水泥环自愈合率，无量纲(％)；
t0为水泥环端部出气液孔(116)出现流量的初始时间，min；
t终为水泥环遇油或气自愈合测试实验终止时间，min。
第六步、利用图像数据进行三维重建，得到水泥环三维重建结果数据，根据水泥环三维重建结果数据，确定第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
具体实施时，利用图像数据进行三维重建，得到水泥环三维重建结果数据，根据水泥环三维重建结果数据，确定任意时刻(包括t0、t1、t2等时刻)水泥环内部总孔隙、微裂缝体积，根据水泥环内部总孔隙、微裂缝体积，按如下公式，计算自愈合剂自愈合响应速率，记为真实自愈合剂自愈合响应速率：
式中，为初始时刻(t0时刻)水泥环内部总孔隙、微裂缝体积，cm3；
为t1时刻(测试期间的某一个时刻)水泥环内部总孔隙、微裂缝体积，cm3；
为t2时刻(测试期间除t1时刻以外的时刻)水泥环内部总孔隙、微裂缝体积，cm3；
V无效为水泥环内部无效的孔隙、微裂缝体积，cm3。
本例中，有效的规避了水泥环内部无法形成天然气流通通道的无效孔隙和微裂缝体积对水泥石自愈合效果的影响。
根据真实自愈合剂自愈合响应速率，按如下公式，计算水泥环自愈合率，记为真实水泥环自愈合率：
式中，η真实为水泥环自愈合率，无量纲(％)；
t0为水泥环端部出气液孔(116)出现流量的初始时间，min；
t终为水泥环遇油或气自愈合评价实验终止时间，min。
第七步、根据第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
最后，综合第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果中的表观自愈合剂自愈合响应速 率、表观水泥环自愈合率，和，第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果中的真实自愈合剂自愈合响应速率、真实水泥环自愈合率，进行结果对比分析，对于偏差出现较多的部分，进行重新试验，当第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果总体趋势表现一致时，可以分别根据第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
表3为自愈合剂自愈合响应速率量化分析评价表。
表3自愈合剂自愈合响应速率量化分析评价表
表4为水泥石自愈合效果量化分析评价表。
表4水泥石自愈合效果量化分析评价表
综上，与现有技术相比，本发明实施例具有如下的优点和有益效果：
(1)本发明实施例遵循了模拟井筒中模拟水泥环尺寸与实际井筒(套管-水泥环-井壁围岩组合体)中水泥环尺寸几何相似原则，并利用不同壁厚钢管模拟不同性质的围岩，提高了水泥环造缝的可靠性和合理性，继而实现了更为贴近真实井下固井水泥环服役环境的养护-造缝-测试-分析一体化的设计。
(2)本发明实施例固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置满足深层天然气井的实际高温高压条件，水泥环养护造缝模块(1)中的所有元器件耐温上限均达到260℃，耐压上限均达到200MPa。
(3)本发明实施例固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置既可针对单层水泥环的自愈合能 力进行分析，也可针对多层水泥环自愈合能力进行分析，提高了模拟水泥环复杂结构的分析能力。
(4)本发明实施例将CT扫描方法和三维重建图像处理技术相结合对水泥环自愈合过程中的有效微环隙、微裂缝(能够为天然气窜通提供通道的贯通微裂缝、微间隙)体积变化进行表征，并给出真实自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和真实水泥环自愈合率计算方法，该方法可有效规避水泥环内部无法形成天然气流通通道的无效孔隙和微裂缝体积对水泥石自愈合效果的影响。
(5)本发明实施例综合了利用流量数据分析固井水泥石自愈合能力的分析结果和利用三维重建技术的分析结果，使得固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果更加可靠。
图4为本发明实施例中计算机设备的示意图，如图4所示，本发明实施例还提供一种计算机设备400，包括处理器401、存储器402及存储在存储器402上并可在处理器401上运行的计算机程序403，所述处理器401执行所述计算机程序403时实现上述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法。
本发明实施例中提供一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，主要包括：水泥环养护造缝模块(1)、CT扫描模块(2)、数据处理模块(3)、模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)，其中水泥环养护造缝模块(1)的结构结合实际应用中的水泥石结构，内设双层水泥环：内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)，既可以针对单层水泥环的自愈合能力进行分析，也可针对多层水泥环自愈合能力进行分析；同时，CT扫描模块(2)扫描自愈合养护测试中的水泥环图像数据，利用该图像数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果可以确定不同时期的水泥环内部的有效微环隙、微裂缝体积，并结合统计的通入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的一端部，然后流出内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据，同时分析内部微环隙、微裂缝的体积变化和水泥石自愈合的表观特征，计算出真实的自愈合剂自愈合响应速率和水泥环自愈合率，最终给出固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，提高了固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果的可靠性和合理性。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序 产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，其特征在于，包括：水泥环养护造缝模块(1)、CT扫描模块(2)、数据处理模块(3)、模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)；其中，
    水泥环养护造缝模块(1)内设内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)；
    模拟套管内压加压系统(4)与气体瓶(6)配合，用于对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理；
    原油加压泵(5)与气体瓶(6)配合，用于对造缝处理后的内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试；
    CT扫描模块(2)，用于在内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)的自愈合养护测试过程中，对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行无损扫描，将扫描数据传输到数据处理模块(3)；
    数据处理模块(3)，用于统计内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，以及根据所述CT扫描模块(2)发送的扫描数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果和所述流量数据，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；所述流量数据为，通入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的一端部，然后流出内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述水泥环养护造缝模块(1)还包括：外釜体(11)、釜盖(12)、模拟井筒下端盖(13)、中心定位轴(14)、内层模拟套管(15)、外层模拟套管(17)、模拟围岩(19)及加热电阻丝(111)、水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)、水泥环端部出气液流量计(119)；其中，
    外釜体(11)和釜盖(12)通过螺纹和金属锥密封连接，形成封闭腔体；
    釜盖(12)和模拟井筒下端盖(13)中间掏空，与中心定位轴(14)配套连接，釜盖(12)、模拟井筒下端盖(13)、中心定位轴(14)、内层模拟套管(15)形成封闭空间，内层模拟套管(15)的外层依次是内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟套管(17)、外层模拟水泥环(18)、模拟围岩(19)；
    釜盖(12)上开设水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)，水泥环端部出气液流量计(119)在外釜体(11)外连接水泥环端部出气液孔(116)；
    所述加热电阻丝(111)设置于外釜体(11)外层。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述水泥环养护造缝模块(1)还包括：内温度传感器(120)、外温度传感器(112)；其中，内温度传感器(120)设置于中心定位轴(14)上，外温度传感器(112)设置于外釜体(11)外层。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述外温度传感器(112)、所述内温度传感器(120)的耐温上限均达到260℃，耐压上限均达到200MPa。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，釜盖(12)上还开设围压加压孔(117)、围压排气孔(118)和内压排气孔(114)，中心定位轴(14)上开设内压加压孔(113)，内压排气孔(114)，模拟井筒下端盖(13)开设水泥环端部进气液孔(115)。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述外釜体(11)底部设置有支座(110)。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模拟围岩(19)采用不同厚度的钢管。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内层模拟水泥环(16)和所述外层模拟水泥环(18)的几何尺寸根据实际井筒几何尺寸按比例缩放确定。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括多个压力表(7)、多个流体流量计(8)、四通(9)；其中，压力表(7)用于测试输入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)气体或液体的的压强，流体流量计(8)用于测试输入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)气体或液体的流量。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述气体瓶(6)为天然气瓶或氮气瓶。
  11. 一种固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，其特征在于，应用于固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置，该固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置包括：水泥环养护造缝模块(1)、CT扫描模块(2)、数据处理模块(3)、模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)；其中，
    水泥环养护造缝模块(1)内设内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)；
    模拟套管内压加压系统(4)与气体瓶(6)配合，用于对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理；
    原油加压泵(5)与气体瓶(6)配合，用于对造缝处理后的内层模拟水泥环 (16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试；
    CT扫描模块(2)，用于在内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)的自愈合养护测试过程中，对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行无损扫描，将扫描数据传输到数据处理模块(3)；
    数据处理模块(3)，用于统计内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，以及根据所述CT扫描模块(2)发送的扫描数据进行三维重建，根据三维重建结果和所述流量数据，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；所述流量数据为，通入内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的一端部，然后流出内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的另一端部的气体或原油的流量数据；
    该固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法包括：
    在内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)养护至预设天数后，利用模拟套管内压加压系统(4)、气体瓶(6)对内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行造缝处理，得到带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)；
    利用原油加压泵(5)、气体瓶(6)对带有微环隙、微裂缝的内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试，在自愈合养护测试的过程中，利用CT扫描模块(2)采集内层模拟水泥环(16)和外层模拟水泥环(18)的图像数据，同时统计内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据；
    在自愈合养护测试结束后，利用所述图像数据进行三维重建，得到水泥环三维重建结果数据；
    根据内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟水泥环(18)进行自愈合养护测试的过程中的流量数据，确定第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；
    根据水泥环三维重建结果数据，确定第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果；
    根据第一固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果和第二固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果，确定固井水泥石自愈合能力分析结果。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，其特征在于，所述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的水泥环养护造缝模块(1)还包括：外釜体(11)、釜盖(12)、模拟井筒下端盖(13)、中心定位轴(14)、内层模拟套管(15)、外层模拟 套管(17)、模拟围岩(19)及加热电阻丝(111)、水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)、水泥环端部出气液流量计(119)；其中，
    外釜体(11)和釜盖(12)通过螺纹和金属锥密封连接，形成封闭腔体；
    釜盖(12)和模拟井筒下端盖(13)中间掏空，与中心定位轴(14)配套连接，釜盖(12)、模拟井筒下端盖(13)、中心定位轴(14)、内层模拟套管(15)形成封闭空间，内层模拟套管(15)的外层依次是内层模拟水泥环(16)、外层模拟套管(17)、外层模拟水泥环(18)、模拟围岩(19)；
    釜盖(12)上开设水泥环端部进气液孔(115)、水泥环端部出气液孔(116)，水泥环端部出气液流量计(119)在外釜体(11)外连接水泥环端部出气液孔(116)；
    所述加热电阻丝(111)设置于外釜体(11)外层。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，其特征在于，所述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的水泥环养护造缝模块(1)还包括：内温度传感器(120)、外温度传感器(112)；其中，内温度传感器(120)设置于中心定位轴(14)上，外温度传感器(112)设置于外釜体(11)外层。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，其特征在于，所述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的所述外温度传感器(112)、所述内温度传感器(120)的耐温上限均达到260℃，耐压上限均达到200MPa。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，其特征在于，所述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的所述模拟围岩(19)采用不同厚度的钢管。
  16. 如权利要求12所述的固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法，其特征在于，所述固井水泥石自愈合能力分析装置的所述内层模拟水泥环(16)和所述外层模拟水泥环(18)的几何尺寸根据实际井筒几何尺寸按比例缩放确定。
  17. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求11所述方法。
PCT/CN2023/127738 2023-06-21 2023-10-30 固井水泥石自愈合能力分析方法及装置 Ceased WO2024259842A1 (zh)

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