WO2024259818A1 - 一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法 - Google Patents

一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024259818A1
WO2024259818A1 PCT/CN2023/121009 CN2023121009W WO2024259818A1 WO 2024259818 A1 WO2024259818 A1 WO 2024259818A1 CN 2023121009 W CN2023121009 W CN 2023121009W WO 2024259818 A1 WO2024259818 A1 WO 2024259818A1
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Prior art keywords
coal
gas
mining
sealed
remote control
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PCT/CN2023/121009
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丰安祥
童校长
周韬
陈本良
毕波
曹腾飞
翟成
余旭
徐吉钊
刘厅
张海宾
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Jiangsu Duo'an Technology Co Ltd
Ping'an Coal Mining Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Ping An Coal Mine Gas Control National Engineering Research Center Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Duo'an Technology Co Ltd
Ping'an Coal Mining Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Ping An Coal Mine Gas Control National Engineering Research Center Co Ltd
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Application filed by Jiangsu Duo'an Technology Co Ltd, Ping'an Coal Mining Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd, China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB, Ping An Coal Mine Gas Control National Engineering Research Center Co Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Duo'an Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024259818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024259818A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
    • E21F17/12—Dam doors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an intelligent coal gas mining method for a closed working face in a high-gas coal seam, which is particularly suitable for efficient mining of coal seams in high-gas outburst mines affected by gas disasters.
  • coal is still the main source of energy supply in my country, and efficient coal mining is the key to ensuring my country's energy supply.
  • gas accidents i.e. gas explosion and coal and gas outburst
  • gas outburst are one of the most serious accidents, which seriously restricts the efficient mining of coal in my country.
  • Gas is a by-product of coal, and its main component is methane.
  • Methane is a type of greenhouse gas, and its greenhouse effect is about 28 times higher than that of carbon dioxide.
  • methane is also an efficient green energy source. Therefore, insisting on gas extraction can fundamentally prevent the occurrence of gas disasters, obtain efficient green energy, and reduce the greenhouse effect. Therefore, the co-extraction of coal and gas is a fundamental measure that should be adhered to for a long time.
  • the present invention provides a method for intelligent coal gas mining in a closed working face of a high-gas coal seam, which adopts a fully closed manner for coal mining and gas extraction, and does not require drilling of gas extraction holes, so that gas extraction of the entire high-gas coal seam can be achieved, and coal mining can be carried out during the extraction, which not only ensures the gas extraction efficiency, but also guarantees the coal mining volume, and can also greatly reduce the possibility of gas explosions and coal spontaneous combustion.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for intelligent gas mining in a closed working face of a high-gas coal seam, the specific steps of which are:
  • a belt conveyor is arranged on one side of the automatic coal cutting machine.
  • the belt conveyor extends into the sealed pipeline until it reaches the fully enclosed coal bunker.
  • a sealed door 1 is arranged on the sealed isolation wall 1
  • a sealed door 2 is arranged on the sealed isolation wall 2.
  • a pressure difference control and monitoring system is arranged in the air intake lane, which includes a barometer 1, a barometer 2, a barometer 3, a one-way exhaust fan, a nitrogen bottle, a remote control device 1, a remote control device 2, a remote control device 3, a methane concentration sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, a temperature sensor and a monitoring and control system.
  • the barometer 1, the barometer 2 and the barometer 3 are respectively installed in the sealed space, the pressure difference balance area and the air intake lane outside the sealed space, and are respectively used to monitor the air pressure in the sealed space, the pressure difference balance area and the air intake lane outside the sealed space.
  • the exhaust fan and the nitrogen bottle are both in the air inlet lane outside the sealed space and are connected to the pressure difference balance area through pipelines, wherein the pipeline of the nitrogen bottle is equipped with an explosion-proof solenoid valve; the one-way exhaust fan is used to exhaust and reduce the pressure in the pressure difference balance area, and the nitrogen bottle is used to inject gas and increase the pressure in the pressure difference balance area; remote control device 1, remote control device 2 and remote control device 3 are respectively installed in the sealed space, the pressure difference balance area and the air inlet lane outside the sealed space, wherein remote control device 1 is used to control the opening and closing of sealed door 1, remote control device 3 is used to control the opening and closing of sealed door 2, and remote control device 2 is used to control the opening and closing of sealed door 1 and sealed door 2; the methane concentration sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and temperature sensor are all in the sealed space, and are respectively used to monitor the methane concentration, oxygen concentration and temperature values in the sealed space, and the monitoring The control system is respectively connected with barometer 1, barometer 2, barometer 3, methane concentration sensor
  • B. Leak detection and gas extraction Use a portable leak detector to detect leaks in the sealed isolation wall 1, sealed isolation wall 2 and plugging wall. If there is a leak, immediately handle it until it is completely sealed; then, use the pressure difference control and monitoring system to check the readings of the methane concentration sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and temperature sensor in the sealed space, start the gas extraction pump station to extract the air from the sealed space, sealed pipeline and fully enclosed coal bunker, and continue to extract the gas desorbed from the high-gas coal seam;
  • Miners enter the sealed space to carry out coal mining operations: After checking the gas concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature and atmospheric pressure in the sealed space through the pressure difference control and monitoring system, when the reading of the oxygen concentration sensor is close to zero, the first group of miners wear fully enclosed protective clothing and pass through the sealed door 1 and sealed door 2 to enter the sealed space until the coal mining face, and remotely control the automatic coal cutter to mine coal and the hydraulic support to support the tunnel through the mining support remote control device. At the same time, the belt conveyor is started to transport the mined coal through the belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor transports the coal through the sealed pipeline to the fully enclosed coal bunker for storage.
  • the entire coal mining, transportation and storage process is in a fully enclosed state, isolating contact with the outside world to reduce the occurrence of coal oxidation and temperature rise leading to coal spontaneous combustion; at the same time, the gas extraction pump station extracts the high-concentration gas desorbed from the mined coal through the gas extraction pipeline to the ground for use;
  • Mining workers exit the sealed space When the working time of the first group of mining workers ends or an emergency occurs, the mining workers return to the air intake tunnel outside the sealed space after passing through the sealed door 1 and the sealed door 2;
  • the specific process of the mining workers entering the sealed space in step C is as follows: first, the mining workers send a remote control command through remote control device 1. After the monitoring and control system receives the remote control command, it obtains the air pressure of the air inlet lane outside the sealed space and the pressure difference balance zone through barometer 1 and barometer 2 respectively. The monitoring and control system adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone by controlling the one-way exhaust fan and the explosion-proof solenoid valve until the air pressures of the two are equal. At this time, the monitoring and control system opens the sealed door 1, and the mining workers enter the pressure difference balance zone and close the sealed door 1; then, a remote control command is sent through remote control device 2.
  • the monitoring and control system After the monitoring and control system receives the remote control command, it obtains the air pressure of the pressure difference balance zone and the sealed space through barometer 2 and barometer 3 respectively.
  • the monitoring and control system adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone by controlling the one-way exhaust fan and the explosion-proof solenoid valve until the air pressures of the two are equal.
  • the monitoring and control system opens the sealed door 2, and the mining workers enter the sealed space and close the sealed door 2 to complete the process of entering the sealed space.
  • the specific process of the mining workers exiting the sealed space in step D is as follows: first, the mining workers send a remote control command through remote control device three. After the monitoring and control system receives the remote control command, it obtains the air pressures of the pressure difference balance zone and the sealed space respectively through barometer two and barometer three. The monitoring and control system adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone by controlling the one-way exhaust fan and the explosion-proof solenoid valve until the air pressures of the two are equal. At this time, the monitoring and control system opens the sealed door two, and the mining workers enter the pressure difference balance zone and close the sealed door two. Next, a remote control command is sent through remote control device two.
  • the monitoring and control system After the monitoring and control system receives the remote control command, it obtains the air pressures of the air inlet lane outside the sealed space and the pressure difference balance zone respectively through barometer one and barometer two.
  • the monitoring and control system adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone by controlling the one-way exhaust fan and the explosion-proof solenoid valve until the air pressures of the two are equal.
  • the monitoring and control system opens the sealed door one, and the mining workers enter the air inlet lane and close the sealed door one. Finally, the well is lifted to the ground to complete the process of exiting the sealed space.
  • the specific process by which the monitoring and control system adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone by controlling the one-way exhaust fan and the explosion-proof solenoid valve is as follows: if the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone is higher than the air pressure in the air intake lane, the monitoring and control system controls the one-way exhaust fan to exhaust the pressure difference balance zone to reduce the internal air pressure until it is the same as the air pressure in the air intake lane, and then the one-way exhaust fan is stopped; if the air pressure in the pressure difference balance zone is lower than the air pressure in the air intake lane, the monitoring and control system controls the explosion-proof solenoid valve to open so that the nitrogen bottle injects nitrogen into the pressure difference balance zone to increase the internal air pressure until it is the same as the air pressure in the air intake lane, and then the explosion-proof solenoid valve is closed.
  • the fully enclosed protective suit is equipped with a portable oxygen generator, a vital sign monitoring and sensing device, a temperature control device and a communication device, wherein the portable oxygen generator is used to provide the mining workers with oxygen required for normal breathing; the temperature control device is used to maintain the ambient temperature for the mining workers in a physically comfortable state; the communication device is used for the mining workers in the same group to communicate with each other when working in a sealed space; the vital sign monitoring and sensing device is used to monitor the body temperature, electrocardiogram, respiratory rate and blood oxygen data of the mining workers, and upload the collected vital sign data to the ground monitoring workstation.
  • each remote control device is provided with two modes for opening the sealed door, one of which is an automatic mode.
  • the monitoring and control system first adjusts the pressure on both sides of the sealed door one or the sealed door two to be equal, and then controls the sealed door one or the sealed door two to open; the other is a manual mode.
  • the monitoring and control system does not perform the pressure adjustment process, but directly controls the sealed door one or the sealed door two to be forced to open to deal with a crisis situation.
  • the opening and closing time of the sealing door 1 and the sealing door 2 are both less than 2 seconds, so that the opening speed of the sealing door 1 and the sealing door 2 can be ensured.
  • the monitoring and control system is a computer.
  • the present invention adopts a fully enclosed method for coal mining and gas extraction, which has the following advantages:
  • the present invention fully seals the high-gas coal mining face and goaf to form a sealed space, thereby eliminating the existing ventilation system. Since no outside air enters the goaf and the coal mining face, and the gas in the sealed space is extracted to reduce the internal oxygen to near zero, the goaf and the coal mining face are isolated from oxygen during the subsequent coal mining process, thereby fundamentally eliminating the risks of coal spontaneous combustion and gas and coal dust explosions.
  • the present invention does not need to construct gas extraction drilling holes for the entire high-gas coal seam, that is, the gas extraction compliance period is zero.
  • the reason is that after the internal oxygen is extracted, the coal mining face is subsequently in a state of oxygen isolation, that is, there is no possibility of gas and coal dust explosion; thereby greatly accelerating the speed of mining and replacement, and reducing the construction cost of the mine.
  • the desorbed gas is directly discharged into the coal mining face and the sealed space. Since the internal oxygen is extremely low, as the gas desorption continues, the gas concentration in the sealed space will continue to increase.
  • the gas is extracted through the gas extraction pump station, which greatly improves the gas utilization rate; in addition, since it is a fully enclosed environment, all the desorbed gas enters the gas extraction pump station for extraction and will not be discharged into the atmosphere, which reduces the impact of gas on the greenhouse effect and is environmentally friendly; thereby achieving gas extraction of the entire high-gas coal seam, and coal mining can be carried out while extracting, which not only ensures the gas extraction efficiency, but also guarantees the coal mining volume.
  • coal is mined by an automated coal cutter, and then the mined coal is transported to a fully enclosed coal bunker for storage via a belt conveyor through a sealed pipeline.
  • the entire coal mining, transportation and storage process is in a fully enclosed state, so that the gas desorbed during the transportation of the belt conveyor can also be extracted and utilized.
  • the interior of the fully enclosed coal bunker is connected to the sealed space through a sealed pipeline, when the gas extraction pump station extracts the inside of the sealed space, the interior of the fully enclosed coal bunker is also in a state of isolation from oxygen, thereby reducing the occurrence of oxidation reactions during coal storage and ensuring the coal storage effect.
  • the miners control the hydraulic supports and the automatic coal cutter by remote control, which greatly reduces the number of workers and establishes a working surface with few or no people. It can not only improve work efficiency, but also enable escape as soon as possible in case of an accident, thus greatly reducing the casualty rate.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing wall, pressure difference control and monitoring system in the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a control diagram of the start and stop logic relationship of the sealing door in the present invention.
  • a pressure difference balance area 28 is formed between the sealed isolation wall 12-1 and the sealed isolation wall 2 12-2, and the sealed isolation wall 2 12-2 is closer to the coal mining working face 21 than the sealed isolation wall 1 12-1, so that the return air lane 29, the goaf 20, the coal mining working face 21 and the sealing wall 25 between the sealed isolation wall 25 and the sealed isolation wall 2 12-2 are balanced.
  • the air inlet lane 5 forms a sealed space 23; a gas extraction pump station 26 is provided in the return air lane 29, and the gas extraction pump station 26 is connected to the inside of the sealed space 23 through the gas extraction pipeline 24 passing through the blocking wall 25; a fully enclosed coal bunker 1 is provided on the ground, and the fully enclosed coal bunker 1 is connected to the inside of the sealed space 23 through the sealing pipeline 3 passing through the blocking wall 25; a plurality of hydraulic supports 19 and an automatic coal cutter 22 are arranged on the coal mining working face 21, and a mining support remote control device 18 is provided in the sealed space 23 for controlling the automatic coal cutter 22 and each hydraulic support.
  • the bracket 19 is controlled, a belt conveyor 2 is provided on one side of the automatic coal cutting machine 22, and the belt conveyor 2 extends into the sealed pipeline 3 until the coal bunker 1 is fully enclosed; the sealed isolation wall 1 12-1 is provided with a sealed door 13-1, and the sealed isolation wall 2 12-2 is provided with a sealed door 2 13-2.
  • a pressure difference control and monitoring system is arranged in the air inlet lane 5, which includes a barometer 11-1, a barometer 2 11-2, a barometer 3 11-3, a one-way exhaust fan 10, a nitrogen bottle 9, a remote control device 14-1, and a remote control device Two 14-2, remote control device three 14-3, methane concentration sensor 15, oxygen concentration sensor 16, temperature sensor 17 and monitoring control system 6, barometer one 11-1, barometer two 11-2 and barometer three 11-3 are respectively installed in the sealed space 23, the pressure difference balance area 28 and the air inlet lane 5 outside the sealed space 23, and are used to monitor the air pressure of the sealed space 23, the pressure difference balance area 28 and the air inlet lane 5 outside the sealed space 23, respectively.
  • the one-way exhaust fan 10 and the nitrogen bottle 9 are both in the sealed space 2 3, and are connected to the pressure differential balance area 28 through pipelines, wherein an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve 27 is installed on the pipeline of the nitrogen bottle 9; the one-way exhaust fan 10 is used to exhaust and reduce the pressure in the pressure differential balance area 28, and the nitrogen bottle 9 is used to inject gas and increase the pressure in the pressure differential balance area 28; the remote control device 1 14-1, the remote control device 2 14-2 and the remote control device 3 14-3 are respectively installed in the sealed space 23, the pressure differential balance area 28 and the air inlet lane 5 outside the sealed space, wherein the remote control device 1 14-1 is used to control the sealing door 1 13-1
  • the remote control device 3 14-3 is used to control the opening and closing of the sealed door 2 13-2, and the remote control device 2 14-2 is used to control the opening and closing of the sealed door 1 13-1 and the sealed door 2 13-2;
  • the methane concentration sensor 15, the oxygen concentration sensor 16 and the temperature sensor 17 are all in the sealed space 23, and are used to monitor
  • the monitoring control system 6 is respectively connected to the barometer 1 11-1, the barometer 2 11-2, the barometer 3 11-3, and the sealed door 1 13-1 through the data transmission line 8.
  • the opening and closing motor of the sealing door 13-1, the opening and closing motor of the sealing door 2 13-2, the one-way exhaust fan 10, the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27, the remote control device 14-1, the remote control device 2 14-2 and the remote control device 3 14-3 are connected, and are connected to the methane concentration sensor 15, the oxygen concentration sensor 16 and the temperature sensor 17 through the monitoring signal line 7, and are used to receive the feedback of the barometer 1 11-1, the barometer 2 11-2, the barometer 3 11-3, the methane concentration sensor 15, the oxygen concentration sensor 16 and the temperature sensor 17.
  • leak detection and gas extraction Use a portable leak detector to detect leaks in the sealed isolation wall 12-1, the sealed isolation wall 2 12-2 and the blocking wall 25. If there is a leak, it will be immediately processed until it is completely sealed; then, the readings of the methane concentration sensor 15, the oxygen concentration sensor 16 and the temperature sensor 17 in the sealed space 23 are checked through the pressure difference control and monitoring system, and the gas extraction pump station 26 is started to extract the air in the sealed space 23, the sealed pipeline 3 and the fully enclosed coal bunker 1, and the gas desorbed from the high-gas coal seam 4 is continuously extracted;
  • the specific process is as follows: As shown in Figure 3, first, the miners send a remote control command through the remote control device 14-1. After receiving the remote control command, the monitoring and control system 6 obtains the air pressure of the air inlet lane 5 and the pressure difference balance area 28 outside the sealed space 23 through the barometer 11-1 and the barometer 2 11-2 respectively.
  • the monitoring and control system 6 adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance area 28 by controlling the one-way exhaust fan 10 and the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 until the air pressure of the two is equal. At this time, the monitoring and control system 6 opens the sealed door 13-1, and the miners enter the pressure difference balance area 28 and close it. Sealed door 13-1; then, a remote control command is issued through remote control device 2 14-2. After receiving the remote control command, monitoring and control system 6 obtains the air pressure of pressure difference balance area 28 and sealed space 23 through barometer 2 11-2 and barometer 3 11-3 respectively. Monitoring and control system 6 adjusts the air pressure in pressure difference balance area 28 by controlling one-way exhaust fan 10 and explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 until the air pressure of the two is equal. At this time, monitoring and control system 6 opens sealed door 2 13-2, and mining workers enter sealed space 23, and closes sealed door 2 13-2, completing the process of entering sealed space 23;
  • the mining support remote control device 18 remotely controls the automatic coal cutter 22 for coal mining and the hydraulic support 19 for tunnel support, and at the same time starts the belt conveyor 2 to transport the mined coal through the belt conveyor 2.
  • the belt conveyor 2 transports the coal through the sealed pipeline 3 to the fully enclosed coal bunker 1 for storage.
  • the entire coal mining, transportation and storage process is in a fully enclosed state, isolating the contact with the outside world to reduce the occurrence of coal spontaneous combustion caused by oxidation and temperature rise; at the same time, the gas extraction pump station 26 extracts the high-concentration gas desorbed from the mined coal through the gas extraction pipeline 24 to the ground for use;
  • Mining workers exit the sealed space When the working time of the first group of mining workers ends or an emergency occurs, the mining workers return to the air inlet lane 5 outside the sealed space 23 through the sealed door 1 13-1 and the sealed door 2 13-2.
  • the specific process is as follows: First, the mining workers send a remote control command through the remote control device 3 14-3. After receiving the remote control command, the monitoring and control system 6 obtains the air pressure of the pressure difference balance area 28 and the sealed space 23 through the barometer 2 11-2 and the barometer 3 11-3 respectively. The monitoring and control system 6 adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance area 28 by controlling the one-way exhaust fan 10 and the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 until the air pressures of the two are equal.
  • the monitoring and control system 6 closes the sealed door 2 13-2 is opened, the mining workers enter the pressure difference balance area 28 and close the sealing door 13-2. Then, the remote control device 14-2 sends a remote control command. After receiving the remote control command, the monitoring and control system 6 obtains the air pressure of the air inlet tunnel 5 and the pressure difference balance area 28 outside the sealed space 23 through the barometer 11-1 and the barometer 11-2 respectively. The monitoring and control system 6 adjusts the air pressure in the pressure difference balance area 28 by controlling the one-way exhaust fan 10 and the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 until the air pressures of the two are equal. At this time, the monitoring and control system opens the sealing door 13-1, and the mining workers enter the air inlet tunnel 5 and close the sealing door 13-1. Finally, they are lifted to the ground to complete the process of exiting the sealed space 23.
  • the specific process of the above-mentioned monitoring and control system 6 adjusting the air pressure in the pressure difference balance area 28 by controlling the one-way exhaust fan 10 and the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 is as follows: if the air pressure in the pressure difference balance area 28 is higher than the air pressure in the air inlet lane 5, the monitoring and control system 6 controls the one-way exhaust fan 10 to exhaust the pressure difference balance area 28 to reduce the internal air pressure until it is the same as the air pressure in the air inlet lane 5, and then the one-way exhaust fan 10 is stopped; if the air pressure in the pressure difference balance area 28 is lower than the air pressure in the air inlet lane 5, the monitoring and control system 6 controls the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 to open so that the nitrogen bottle 9 injects nitrogen into the pressure difference balance area 28 to increase the internal air pressure until it is the same as the air pressure in the air inlet lane 5, and then the explosion-proof solenoid valve 27 is closed.
  • each remote control device 14 is provided with two modes for opening the sealing door, one of which is an automatic mode.
  • the monitoring and control system 6 When in this mode, the monitoring and control system 6 first adjusts the pressure on both sides of the sealing door 13-1 or the sealing door 2 13-2 to be equal, and then controls the sealing door 13-1 or the sealing door 2 13-2 to open; the other is a manual mode.
  • the monitoring and control system 6 does not perform the pressure adjustment process, and directly controls the sealing door 13-1 or the sealing door 2 13-2 to be forced to open to deal with a crisis situation.
  • the fully enclosed protective suit is equipped with a portable oxygen generator, a vital signs monitoring and sensing device, a temperature control device and a communication device, wherein the portable oxygen generator is used to provide the mining workers with oxygen required for normal breathing; the temperature control device is used to maintain the ambient temperature for the mining workers in a physically comfortable state; the communication device is used for the mining workers in the same group to communicate with each other when working in a sealed space; the vital signs monitoring and sensing device is used to monitor the body temperature, electrocardiogram, respiratory rate and blood oxygen data of the mining workers, and upload the collected vital signs data to the ground monitoring workstation, so that when the workers' vital signs are abnormal, rescue can be carried out in time.
  • the portable oxygen generator is used to provide the mining workers with oxygen required for normal breathing
  • the temperature control device is used to maintain the ambient temperature for the mining workers in a physically comfortable state
  • the communication device is used for the mining workers in the same group to communicate with each other when working in a sealed space
  • the vital signs monitoring and sensing device is used to monitor the body temperature,

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种高瓦斯煤层（4）封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，将高瓦斯采煤工作面（21）及采空区（20）全封闭形成密封空间（23），进而取消通风系统及瓦斯抽采钻孔，由于无外界空气进入，并通过抽取使其内部氧气降低至接近零，进而使采煤工作面（21）在后续采煤过程中处于隔绝氧气的状态，因此从根本上消除了煤炭自燃以及瓦斯煤尘爆炸的风险，从而大大加快了采掘接替速度，并减少了矿井的施工成本。另外在密封空间（23）内进行后续采煤时，解吸的瓦斯直接排放至采煤工作面（21）及密封空间（23）内，此时通过瓦斯抽采泵站（26）抽采瓦斯，大大提高了瓦斯利用率；最终实现对整个高瓦斯煤层（4）的瓦斯抽采，且在抽采的同时能进行煤炭开采，不仅保证瓦斯抽采效率，还保障了煤炭开采量。

Description

一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，尤其适用于受到瓦斯灾害影响的高瓦斯突出矿井煤层的高效开采。
背景技术
目前，煤炭仍是我国能源供应的主要来源，煤炭的高效开采是保障我国能源供应的关键。然而，煤炭开采过程中会面临众多潜在的灾害(瓦斯、火灾、水灾、煤尘、顶板事故)，其中瓦斯事故(即瓦斯爆炸和煤与瓦斯突出)是后果最严重的事故之一，严重制约着我国煤炭的高效开采。
瓦斯是煤的伴生产物，其主要成分是甲烷。甲烷是温室气体的一种，其温室效应比二氧化碳高约28倍。此外，甲烷还是一种高效的绿色能源。因此，坚持瓦斯抽采可以从根本上防止瓦斯灾害的发生，还能获得高效的绿色能源以及减轻温室效应。因此，煤与瓦斯共采是一项应长期坚持的治本措施。然而，由于复杂的地质构造和埋藏条件，我国高瓦斯煤层普遍具有“低孔隙率、低渗透率、高吸附和高应力”的特征，导致直接向煤层中打钻孔瓦斯抽采效果不佳(会存在瓦斯浓度不高、流量衰减速度快等问题)。为了提高瓦斯抽采效果就需要向煤层中大量施工密集钻孔抽采瓦斯，这样又会增加生产成本，且大量施工钻孔也会导致瓦斯抽采达标周期长影响煤层采掘接替，进而影响煤炭产量。此外，为了保障工作面及巷道内的人员健康，通风系统是现有矿井必备的设备之一，其具有将外界空气引入矿井内，并排出内部的气体完成置换过程，保持矿井内的空气质量；但是在煤层工作面开采时不可避免地会使部分瓦斯进入巷道内，并随着通风系统排放到外界环境中，既造成了能源浪费又污染了环境；另外由于通风系统会使外界空气中的氧气进入采空区也为煤炭自燃和瓦斯煤尘爆炸提供了必要条件，增加了矿井灾害发生的风险。
因此，针对上述情况，如何提供一种新方法，无需钻设瓦斯抽采孔，即能实现对整个高瓦斯煤层的瓦斯抽采，且在抽采的同时能进行煤炭开采，不仅保证瓦斯抽采效率，还保障了煤炭开采量，另外还能大大降低发生瓦斯爆炸及煤自燃情况的可能性，是本行业研究的方向之一。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，采用全封闭的方式进行煤炭开采及瓦斯抽采，无需钻设瓦斯抽采孔，即能实现对整个高瓦斯煤层的瓦斯抽采，且在抽采的同时能进行煤炭开采，不仅保证瓦斯抽采效率，还保障了煤炭开采量，另外还能大大降低发生瓦斯爆炸及煤自燃情况的可能性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，具体步骤为：
A、封闭式工作面布置：在高瓦斯煤层的回风巷内布设封堵墙、进风巷内布设密封隔离墙一和密封隔离墙二，密封隔离墙一和密封隔离墙二之间形成压差平衡区、且密封隔离墙二相对于密封隔离墙一更靠近采煤工作面，使封堵墙和密封隔离墙二之间的回风巷、采空区、采煤工作面和进风巷组成密封空间；在回风巷内设有瓦斯抽采泵站，瓦斯抽采泵站通过瓦斯抽采管路穿过封堵墙与密封空间内部连通；在地面设有全封闭煤仓，全封闭煤仓通过密封管路穿过封堵墙与密封空间内部连通；在采煤工作面布置多个液压支架及自动化割煤机，密封空间内设有采掘支护遥控装置，用于对自动化割煤机和各个液压支架进行控制，自动化割煤机一侧设有皮带输送机，皮带输送机伸入密封管路直至全封闭煤仓；所述密封隔离墙一上设有密封门一，密封隔离墙二上设有密封门二，在进风巷布设压差控制及监测系统，其包括气压计一、气压计二、气压计三、单向抽风机、氮气瓶、遥控装置一、遥控装置二、遥控装置三、甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器、温度传感器和监测控制系统，气压计一、气压计二和气压计三分别装在密封空间、压差平衡区和处于密封空间外部进风巷内，分别用于对密封空间、压差平衡区和处于密封空间外部进风巷的气压进行监测，单向抽风机和氮气瓶均处于密封空间外部的进风巷内、且分别通过管路与压差平衡区连通，其中氮气瓶的管路上装有防爆电磁阀；单向抽风机用于对压差平衡区抽气降压，氮气瓶用于对压差平衡区注气增压；遥控装置一、遥控装置二和遥控装置三分别装在密封空间、压差平衡区和处于密封空间外部进风巷内，其中遥控装置一用于控制密封门一的开闭，遥控装置三用于控制密封门二的开闭，遥控装置二用于控制密封门一和密封门二的开闭；甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器和温度传感器均处于密封空间内，分别用于监测密封空间内的甲烷浓度、氧气浓度和温度值，所述监测控制系统分别与气压计一、气压计二、气压计三、甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器、温度传感器、密封门一的开闭电机、密封门二的开闭电机、单向抽风机、防爆电磁阀、遥控装置一、遥控装置二和遥控装置三连接，用于接收气压计一、气压计二、气压计三、甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器和温度传感器各自反馈的检测数据，及接收遥控装置一、遥控装置二和遥控装置三反馈的遥控指令，根据气压值的情况控制单向抽风机及防爆电磁阀的开闭状态对压差平衡区内气压进行调节，完成后控制密封门一的开闭电机或密封门二的开闭电机，实现密封门一或密封门二的开闭；
B、检漏并进行瓦斯抽采：使用便携式检漏仪对密封隔离墙一、密封隔离墙二和封堵墙进行检漏，如果漏气则立刻处理直到完全密封；之后，通过压差控制及监测系统查看密封空间中的甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器及温度传感器的示数，启动瓦斯抽采泵站将密封空间、密封管路和全封闭煤仓内部的空气抽出，并持续抽采高瓦斯煤层中解吸出来的瓦斯；
C、采掘工人进入密封空间进行采煤作业：通过压差控制及监测系统查看密封空间中的瓦斯浓度、氧气浓度、温度以及大气压力后，当氧气浓度传感器的示数接近零时，第一组采掘工人穿戴全封闭防护服经过密封门一和密封门二后进入密封空间直至采煤工作面，通过采掘支护遥控装置遥控自动化割煤机采煤和液压支架支护巷道，同时启动皮带输送机，将采掘的煤炭通过皮带运输机运输，皮带运输机将煤炭经过密封管路运送至全封闭煤仓进行存储，整个采煤、运输及存储过程为全封闭状态，隔绝与外界接触降低煤炭氧化升温导致煤自燃的情况发生；同时瓦斯抽采泵站将采掘落煤解吸的高浓度瓦斯通过瓦斯抽采管路抽到地面利用；
D、采掘工人退出密封空间：当第一组采掘工人作业时间结束或者出现紧急情况，采掘工人通过密封门一和密封门二后返回到处于密封空间外部的进风巷；
E、持续进行煤气共采：第二组采掘工人重复步骤C和D，继续进行煤炭开采、抽采高浓度瓦斯以及设备的检修工作；后续各个组的采掘工人持续重复，实现持续进行煤气共采的过程；当采煤工作面向前推进时，密封空间中安装的多个甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器、温度传感器、皮带输送机、瓦斯抽采管路以及密封隔离墙和封堵墙等均要前移。
F、采掘作业结束后装置回收：当整个高瓦斯煤层全部采掘完毕后，查看甲烷浓度传感器所示的瓦斯浓度，若瓦斯浓度超过设定标准，则继续执行瓦斯抽采工作，直到所抽采的瓦斯浓度低于设定标准，停止瓦斯抽采，然后将所有可拆卸部件回收后，将整个采区封闭，重复步骤A至F进入下一个工作面开采。
进一步，所述步骤C中采掘工人进入密封空间的具体过程为：首先，采掘工人通过遥控装置一发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计一和气压计二分别获取密封空间外的进风巷和压差平衡区各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门一开启，采掘工人进入压差平衡区并关闭密封门一；接着，通过遥控装置二发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计二和气压计三分别获取压差平衡区和密封空间各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门二开启，采掘工人进入密封空间，并关闭密封门二，完成进入密封空间的过程。
进一步，所述步骤D中采掘工人退出密封空间的具体过程为：首先，采掘工人通过遥控装置三发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计二和气压计三分别获取压差平衡区和密封空间各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门二开启，采掘工人进入压差平衡区，并关闭密封门二，接着，通过遥控装置二发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计一和气压计二分别获取密封空间外的进风巷和压差平衡区各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门一开启，采掘工人进入进风巷并关闭密封门一，最后升井至地面，完成退出密封空间的过程。
进一步，所述监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整的具体过程为：若压差平衡区内的气压高于进风巷内的气压，则监测控制系统控制单向抽风机对压差平衡区进行抽气，使其内部气压降低，直至与进风巷内的气压相同时，停止单向抽风机工作；若压差平衡区内的气压低于进风巷内的气压，则监测控制系统控制防爆电磁阀开启使氮气瓶对压差平衡区注入氮气，使其内部气压升高，直至与进风巷内的气压相同时，关闭防爆电磁阀。
进一步，所述全封闭防护服上装有便携式制氧机、生命体征监测感知装置、温度调控装置和通讯装置，其中便携式制氧机用于为采掘工人提供正常呼吸所需的氧气；温度调控装置用于为采掘工人保持环境温度处于体感舒适状态；通讯装置用于在密封空间工作时同组采掘工人相互进行通话沟通；生命体征监测感知装置用于监测采掘工人的体温、心电、呼吸率和血氧数据，并将采集的生命体征数据上传至地面监测工作站。
进一步，所述各个遥控装置均设有两种开启密封门的模式，其中一种为自动模式，处于该模式时，监测控制系统先调节密封门一或密封门二两侧压力相等后，则再控制密封门一或密封门二开启；另一种为手动模式，处于该模式时，监测控制系统不进行调压过程，直接控制密封门一或密封门二强制开启以应对危机状况。
进一步，所述密封门一和密封门二的启闭时间均小于2s。这样能保证密封门一和密封门二各自的开启速度。
进一步，所述监测控制系统为计算机。
与现有技术相比，本发明采用全封闭的方式进行煤炭开采及瓦斯抽采,具有如下优点：
1、本发明将高瓦斯采煤工作面及采空区全封闭形成密封空间，进而可以取消现有的通风系统，由于无外界空气进入采空区及采煤工作面，并通过抽取密封空间内的气体，使其内部氧气降低至接近零，进而使采空区及采煤工作面在后续采煤过程中处于隔绝氧气的状态，因此从根本上消除了煤炭自燃以及瓦斯煤尘爆炸的风险。
2、本发明在形成密封空间后，整个高瓦斯煤层不用施工瓦斯抽采钻孔，即瓦斯抽采达标周期为零，其原因是：由于将内部氧气抽采后，采煤工作面后续处于隔绝氧气的状态，即不会存在瓦斯煤尘爆炸的可能性；从而大大加快了采掘接替速度，并减少了矿井的施工成本。另外在密封空间内进行后续采煤时，解吸的瓦斯直接排放至采煤工作面及密封空间内，由于内部氧气极低，随着瓦斯解吸的持续进行，密封空间内的瓦斯浓度会持续升高，此时通过瓦斯抽采泵站抽采瓦斯，大大提高了瓦斯利用率；此外，由于为全封闭环境，解吸的瓦斯全部进入通过瓦斯抽采泵站抽采，不会排放进大气层中，减弱了瓦斯对温室效应的影响，环境友好；从而实现对整个高瓦斯煤层的瓦斯抽采，且在抽采的同时能进行煤炭开采，不仅保证了瓦斯抽采效率，还保障了煤炭开采量。
3、本发明中通过自动化割煤机采掘煤炭，然后将采掘的煤炭通过皮带运输机经过密封管路运送至全封闭煤仓进行存储，整个采煤、运输及存储过程为全封闭状态，使得皮带运输机运输过程中解吸的瓦斯也能被抽采利用，另外由于全封闭煤仓内部通过密封管路与密封空间连通，在瓦斯抽采泵站对密封空间内部进行抽采时，使得全封闭煤仓内部也处于隔绝氧气的状态，从而降低煤炭存储时发生氧化反应的情况，保障煤炭存储效果。
4、本发明在煤炭开采时，采掘工人通过远程遥控的方式对液压支架和自动化割煤机进行控制，大大减少了工作人员数量，建立少人或无人工作面，不仅能提高工作效率，而且如发生事故也能尽快逃离，使伤亡率大幅度降低。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体布设示意图；
图2为本发明中密封墙、压差控制及监测系统的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中密封门启停逻辑关系控制图。
图中：1-全封闭煤仓，2-皮带输送机，3-密封管路，4-高瓦斯煤层，5-进风巷，6-监测控制系统，7-监测信号线，8-数据传输线，9-氮气瓶，10-单向抽风机，11-1-气压计一，11-2-气压计二，11-3-气压计三，12-1-密封隔离墙一，12-密封隔离墙，12-2-密封隔离墙二，13-1-密封门一，13-2-密封门二，14-1-遥控装置一，14-2-遥控装置二，14-3-遥控装置三，15-甲烷浓度传感器，16-氧气浓度传感器，17-温度传感器，18-采掘支护遥控装置，19-液压支架，20-采空区，21-采煤工作面，22-自动化割煤机，23-密封空间，24-瓦斯抽采管路，25-封堵墙，26-瓦斯抽采泵站，27-防爆电磁阀，28-压差平衡区，29-回风巷。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明作进一步说明。
如图所示，本发明的具体步骤为：
A、封闭式工作面布置：如图1所示，在高瓦斯煤层4的回风巷29内布设封堵墙25、进风巷5内布设密封隔离墙一12-1和密封隔离墙二12-2，密封隔离墙一12-1和密封隔离墙二12-2之间形成压差平衡区28、且密封隔离墙二12-2相对于密封隔离墙一12-1更靠近采煤工作面21，使封堵墙25和密封隔离墙二12-2之间的回风巷29、采空区20、采煤工作面21和进风巷5组成密封空间23；在回风巷29内设有瓦斯抽采泵站26，瓦斯抽采泵站26通过瓦斯抽采管路24穿过封堵墙25与密封空间23内部连通；在地面设有全封闭煤仓1，全封闭煤仓1通过密封管路3穿过封堵墙25与密封空间23内部连通；在采煤工作面21布置多个液压支架19及自动化割煤机22，密封空间23内设有采掘支护遥控装置18，用于对自动化割煤机22和各个液压支架19进行控制，自动化割煤机22一侧设有皮带输送机2，皮带输送机2伸入密封管路3直至全封闭煤仓1；所述密封隔离墙一12-1上设有密封门一13-1，密封隔离墙二12-2上设有密封门二13-2，如图2所示，在进风巷5布设压差控制及监测系统，其包括气压计一11-1、气压计二11-2、气压计三11-3、单向抽风机10、氮气瓶9、遥控装置一14-1、遥控装置二14-2、遥控装置三14-3、甲烷浓度传感器15、氧气浓度传感器16、温度传感器17和监测控制系统6，气压计一11-1、气压计二11-2和气压计三11-3分别装在密封空间23、压差平衡区28和处于密封空间23外部的进风巷5内，分别用于对密封空间23、压差平衡区28和处于密封空间23外部进风巷5的气压进行监测，单向抽风机10和氮气瓶9均处于密封空间23外部的进风巷5内、且分别通过管路与压差平衡区28连通，其中氮气瓶9的管路上装有防爆电磁阀27；单向抽风机10用于对压差平衡区28抽气降压，氮气瓶9用于对压差平衡区28注气增压；遥控装置一14-1、遥控装置二14-2和遥控装置三14-3分别装在密封空间23、压差平衡区28和处于密封空间外部的进风巷5内，其中遥控装置一14-1用于控制密封门一13-1的开闭，遥控装置三14-3用于控制密封门二13-2的开闭，遥控装置二14-2用于控制密封门一13-1和密封门二13-2的开闭；甲烷浓度传感器15、氧气浓度传感器16和温度传感器17均处于密封空间23内，分别用于监测密封空间23内的甲烷浓度、氧气浓度和温度值，所述监测控制系统6通过数据传输线8分别与气压计一11-1、气压计二11-2、气压计三11-3、密封门一13-1的开闭电机、密封门二13-2的开闭电机、单向抽风机10、防爆电磁阀27、遥控装置一14-1、遥控装置二14-2和遥控装置三14-3连接，并通过监测信号线7与甲烷浓度传感器15、氧气浓度传感器16和温度传感器17，用于接收气压计一11-1、气压计二11-2、气压计三11-3、甲烷浓度传感器15、氧气浓度传感器16和温度传感器17各自反馈的检测数据，及接收遥控装置一14-1、遥控装置二14-2和遥控装置三14-3反馈的遥控指令，根据气压值的情况控制单向抽风机10及防爆电磁阀27的开闭状态对压差平衡区28内气压进行调节，完成后控制密封门一13-1的开闭电机或密封门二13-2的开闭电机，实现密封门一13-1或密封门二13-2的开闭；所述密封门一13-1和密封门二13-2的启闭时间均小于2s。这样能保证密封门一13-1和密封门二13-2各自的开启速度；所述监测控制系统6为计算机。
B、检漏并进行瓦斯抽采：使用便携式检漏仪对密封隔离墙一12-1、密封隔离墙二12-2和封堵墙25进行检漏，如果漏气则立刻处理直到完全密封；之后，通过压差控制及监测系统查看密封空间23中的甲烷浓度传感器15、氧气浓度传感器16及温度传感器17的示数，启动瓦斯抽采泵站26将密封空间23、密封管路3和全封闭煤仓1内部的空气抽出，并持续抽采高瓦斯煤层4中解吸出来的瓦斯；
C、采掘工人进入密封空间进行采煤作业：通过压差控制及监测系统6查看密封空间23中的瓦斯浓度、氧气浓度、温度以及大气压力后，当氧气浓度传感器16的示数接近零时，第一组采掘工人穿戴全封闭防护服经过密封门一13-1和密封门二13-2后进入密封空间23 直至采煤工作面21，具体过程为：如图3所示，首先，采掘工人通过遥控装置一14-1发出遥控指令，监测控制系统6接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计一11-1和气压计二11-2分别获取密封空间23外的进风巷5和压差平衡区28各自的气压，监测控制系统6通过控制单向抽风机10和防爆电磁阀27对压差平衡区28内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统6使密封门一13-1开启，采掘工人进入压差平衡区28并关闭密封门一13-1；接着，通过遥控装置二14-2发出遥控指令，监测控制系统6接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计二11-2和气压计三11-3分别获取压差平衡区28和密封空间23各自的气压，监测控制系统6通过控制单向抽风机10和防爆电磁阀27对压差平衡区28内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统6使密封门二13-2开启，采掘工人进入密封空间23，并关闭密封门二13-2，完成进入密封空间23的过程；
通过采掘支护遥控装置18遥控自动化割煤机22采煤和液压支架19支护巷道，同时启动皮带输送机2，将采掘的煤炭通过皮带输送机2运输，皮带输送机2将煤炭经过密封管路3运送至全封闭煤仓1进行存储，整个采煤、运输及存储过程为全封闭状态，隔绝与外界接触降低煤炭氧化升温导致煤自燃的情况发生；同时瓦斯抽采泵站26将采掘落煤解吸的高浓度瓦斯通过瓦斯抽采管路24抽到地面利用；
D、采掘工人退出密封空间：当第一组采掘工人作业时间结束或者出现紧急情况，采掘工人通过密封门一13-1和密封门二13-2后返回到处于密封空间23外部的进风巷5，具体过程为：首先，采掘工人通过遥控装置三14-3发出遥控指令，监测控制系统6接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计二11-2和气压计三11-3分别获取压差平衡区28和密封空间23各自的气压，监测控制系统6通过控制单向抽风机10和防爆电磁阀27对压差平衡区28内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统6使密封门二13-2开启，采掘工人进入压差平衡区28，并关闭密封门二13-2，接着，通过遥控装置二14-2发出遥控指令，监测控制系统6接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计一11-1和气压计二11-2分别获取密封空间23外的进风巷5和压差平衡区28各自的气压，监测控制系统6通过控制单向抽风机10和防爆电磁阀27对压差平衡区28内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门一13-1开启，采掘工人进入进风巷5并关闭密封门一13-1，最后升井至地面，完成退出密封空间23的过程；
上述监测控制系统6通过控制单向抽风机10和防爆电磁阀27对压差平衡区28内的气压进行调整的具体过程为：若压差平衡区28内的气压高于进风巷5内的气压，则监测控制系统6控制单向抽风机10对压差平衡区28进行抽气，使其内部气压降低，直至与进风巷5内的气压相同时，停止单向抽风机10工作；若压差平衡区28内的气压低于进风巷5内的气压，则监测控制系统6控制防爆电磁阀27开启使氮气瓶9对压差平衡区28注入氮气，使其内部气压升高，直至与进风巷5内的气压相同时，关闭防爆电磁阀27。
E、持续进行煤气共采：第二组采掘工人重复步骤C和D，继续进行煤炭开采、抽采高浓度瓦斯以及设备的检修工作；后续各个组的采掘工人持续重复，实现持续进行煤气共采的过程；当采煤工作面21向前推进时，密封空间23中安装的多个甲烷浓度传感器15、氧气浓度传感器16、温度传感器17、皮带输送机2、瓦斯抽采管路24以及密封隔离墙12和封堵墙25等均要前移。
F、采掘作业结束后装置回收：当整个高瓦斯煤层4全部采掘完毕后，查看甲烷浓度传感器15所示的瓦斯浓度，若瓦斯浓度超过设定标准，则继续执行瓦斯抽采工作，直到所抽采的瓦斯浓度低于设定标准，停止瓦斯抽采，然后将所有可拆卸部件回收后，将整个采区封闭，重复步骤A至F进入下一个工作面开采。
作为本发明的一种改进，各个遥控装置14均设有两种开启密封门的模式，其中一种为自动模式，处于该模式时，监测控制系统6先调节密封门一13-1或密封门二13-2两侧压力相等后，则再控制密封门一13-1或密封门二13-2开启；另一种为手动模式，处于该模式时，监测控制系统6不进行调压过程，直接控制密封门一13-1或密封门二13-2强制开启以应对危机状况。
作为本发明的另一种改进，全封闭防护服上装有便携式制氧机、生命体征监测感知装置、温度调控装置和通讯装置，其中便携式制氧机用于为采掘工人提供正常呼吸所需的氧气；温度调控装置用于为采掘工人保持环境温度处于体感舒适状态；通讯装置用于在密封空间工作时同组采掘工人相互进行通话沟通；生命体征监测感知装置用于监测采掘工人的体温、心电、呼吸率和血氧数据，并将采集的生命体征数据上传至地面监测工作站，当工人生命体征异常时，可及时进行救援。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
    A、封闭式工作面布置：在高瓦斯煤层的回风巷内布设封堵墙、进风巷内布设密封隔离墙一和密封隔离墙二，密封隔离墙一和密封隔离墙二之间形成压差平衡区、且密封隔离墙二相对于密封隔离墙一更靠近采煤工作面，使封堵墙和密封隔离墙二之间的回风巷、采空区、采煤工作面和进风巷组成密封空间；在回风巷内设有瓦斯抽采泵站，瓦斯抽采泵站通过瓦斯抽采管路穿过封堵墙与密封空间内部连通；在地面设有全封闭煤仓，全封闭煤仓通过密封管路穿过封堵墙与密封空间内部连通；在采煤工作面布置多个液压支架及自动化割煤机，密封空间内设有采掘支护遥控装置，用于对自动化割煤机和各个液压支架进行控制，自动化割煤机一侧设有皮带输送机，皮带输送机伸入密封管路直至全封闭煤仓；所述密封隔离墙一上设有密封门一，密封隔离墙二上设有密封门二，在进风巷布设压差控制及监测系统，其包括气压计一、气压计二、气压计三、单向抽风机、氮气瓶、遥控装置一、遥控装置二、遥控装置三、甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器、温度传感器和监测控制系统，气压计一、气压计二和气压计三分别装在密封空间、压差平衡区和处于密封空间外部进风巷内，分别用于对密封空间、压差平衡区和处于密封空间外部进风巷的气压进行监测，单向抽风机和氮气瓶均处于密封空间外部的进风巷内、且分别通过管路与压差平衡区连通，其中氮气瓶的管路上装有防爆电磁阀；单向抽风机用于对压差平衡区抽气降压，氮气瓶用于对压差平衡区注气增压；遥控装置一、遥控装置二和遥控装置三分别装在密封空间、压差平衡区和处于密封空间外部进风巷内，其中遥控装置一用于控制密封门一的开闭，遥控装置三用于控制密封门二的开闭，遥控装置二用于控制密封门一和密封门二的开闭；甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器和温度传感器均处于密封空间内，分别用于监测密封空间内的甲烷浓度、氧气浓度和温度值，所述监测控制系统分别与气压计一、气压计二、气压计三、甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器、温度传感器、密封门一的开闭电机、密封门二的开闭电机、单向抽风机、防爆电磁阀、遥控装置一、遥控装置二和遥控装置三连接，用于接收气压计一、气压计二、气压计三、甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器和温度传感器各自反馈的检测数据，及接收遥控装置一、遥控装置二和遥控装置三反馈的遥控指令，根据气压值的情况控制单向抽风机及防爆电磁阀的开闭状态对压差平衡区内气压进行调节，完成后控制密封门一的开闭电机或密封门二的开闭电机，实现密封门一或密封门二的开闭；
    B、检漏并进行瓦斯抽采：使用便携式检漏仪对密封隔离墙一、密封隔离墙二和封堵墙进行检漏，如果漏气则立刻处理直到完全密封；之后，通过压差控制及监测系统查看密封空间中的甲烷浓度传感器、氧气浓度传感器及温度传感器的示数，启动瓦斯抽采泵站将密封空间、密封管路和全封闭煤仓内部的空气抽出，并持续抽采高瓦斯煤层中解吸出来的瓦斯；
    C、采掘工人进入密封空间进行采煤作业：通过压差控制及监测系统查看密封空间中的瓦斯浓度、氧气浓度、温度以及大气压力后，当氧气浓度传感器的示数接近零时，第一组采掘工人穿戴全封闭防护服经过密封门一和密封门二后进入密封空间直至采煤工作面，通过采掘支护遥控装置遥控自动化割煤机采煤和液压支架支护巷道，同时启动皮带输送机，将采掘的煤炭通过皮带运输机运输，皮带运输机将煤炭经过密封管路运送至全封闭煤仓进行存储；同时瓦斯抽采泵站将采掘落煤解吸的高浓度瓦斯通过瓦斯抽采管路抽到地面利用；
    D、采掘工人退出密封空间：当第一组采掘工人作业时间结束或者出现紧急情况，采掘工人通过密封门一和密封门二后返回到处于密封空间外部的进风巷；
    E、持续进行煤气共采：第二组采掘工人重复步骤C和D，继续进行煤炭开采、抽采高浓度瓦斯以及设备的检修工作；后续各个组的采掘工人持续重复，实现持续进行煤气共采的过程；
    F、采掘作业结束后装置回收：当整个高瓦斯煤层全部采掘完毕后，查看甲烷浓度传感器所示的瓦斯浓度，若瓦斯浓度超过设定标准，则继续执行瓦斯抽采工作，直到所抽采的瓦斯浓度低于设定标准，停止瓦斯抽采，然后将所有可拆卸部件回收后，将整个采区封闭，重复步骤A至F进入下一个工作面开采。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C中采掘工人进入密封空间的具体过程为：首先，采掘工人通过遥控装置一发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计一和气压计二分别获取密封空间外的进风巷和压差平衡区各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门一开启，采掘工人进入压差平衡区并关闭密封门一；接着，通过遥控装置二发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计二和气压计三分别获取压差平衡区和密封空间各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门二开启，采掘工人进入密封空间，并关闭密封门二，完成进入密封空间的过程。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述步骤D中采掘工人退出密封空间的具体过程为：首先，采掘工人通过遥控装置三发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计二和气压计三分别获取压差平衡区和密封空间各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门二开启，采掘工人进入压差平衡区，并关闭密封门二，接着，通过遥控装置二发出遥控指令，监测控制系统接收到该遥控指令后，通过气压计一和气压计二分别获取密封空间外的进风巷和压差平衡区各自的气压，监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整，直至使两者的气压相等，此时监测控制系统使密封门一开启，采掘工人进入进风巷并关闭密封门一，最后升井至地面，完成退出密封空间的过程。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述监测控制系统通过控制单向抽风机和防爆电磁阀对压差平衡区内的气压进行调整的具体过程为：若压差平衡区内的气压高于进风巷内的气压，则监测控制系统控制单向抽风机对压差平衡区进行抽气，使其内部气压降低，直至与进风巷内的气压相同时，停止单向抽风机工作；若压差平衡区内的气压低于进风巷内的气压，则监测控制系统控制防爆电磁阀开启使氮气瓶对压差平衡区注入氮气，使其内部气压升高，直至与进风巷内的气压相同时，关闭防爆电磁阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述全封闭防护服上装有便携式制氧机、生命体征监测感知装置、温度调控装置和通讯装置，其中便携式制氧机用于为采掘工人提供正常呼吸所需的氧气；温度调控装置用于为采掘工人保持环境温度处于体感舒适状态；通讯装置用于在密封空间工作时同组采掘工人相互进行通话沟通；生命体征监测感知装置用于监测采掘工人的体温、心电、呼吸率和血氧数据，并将采集的生命体征数据上传至地面监测工作站。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述各个遥控装置均设有两种开启密封门的模式，其中一种为自动模式，处于该模式时，监测控制系统先调节密封门一或密封门二两侧压力相等后，则再控制密封门一或密封门二开启；另一种为手动模式，处于该模式时，监测控制系统不进行调压过程，直接控制密封门一或密封门二强制开启以应对危机状况。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述密封门一和密封门二的启闭时间均小于2s。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述高瓦斯煤层封闭式工作面煤气智能开采方法，其特征在于，所述监测控制系统为计算机。
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