WO2024259752A1 - 一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法 - Google Patents

一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024259752A1
WO2024259752A1 PCT/CN2023/106555 CN2023106555W WO2024259752A1 WO 2024259752 A1 WO2024259752 A1 WO 2024259752A1 CN 2023106555 W CN2023106555 W CN 2023106555W WO 2024259752 A1 WO2024259752 A1 WO 2024259752A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric field
sensing probe
probe
suspended
driving mechanism
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2023/106555
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖正海
万保权
张建功
干喆渊
赵军
张业茂
王延召
徐吉来
谢辉春
李妮
路遥
刘兴发
倪园
周兵
胡静竹
贺伟
刘震寰
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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Publication of WO2024259752A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024259752A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are based on a Chinese patent application with application number 2023107282582, application date June 20, 2023, and application name “A suspended field mill and a method for measuring a space electric field”, and claim the priority of the Chinese patent application.
  • the entire contents of the Chinese patent application are hereby incorporated into the present disclosure by way of introduction.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of electric power equipment, and in particular to a suspended field mill and a method for measuring a space electric field.
  • the synthetic electric field is an important parameter characterizing the electromagnetic environment of DC transmission lines, and is also one of the main factors causing residents to be anxious about the health risks of DC transmission projects.
  • the currently used technologies include three types of field mills with different structures: shutter type, vibration type and cylindrical type.
  • shutter type and vibration type field mills need to be properly grounded to avoid measurement deviations caused by the accumulation of space charge on the field mill probe. Therefore, they are usually used to measure the ground synthetic electric field under DC transmission lines.
  • the cylindrical field mill is an electric field measuring device based on the variable capacitance measurement principle. It has been proven to be used for the measurement of the spatial synthetic electric field under the DC transmission line. It mainly uses a DC drive mechanism to drive the sensor probe to rotate in the electric field generated by the DC transmission line, and then uses the peripheral circuit to analyze the electric flux of each induction conductor on the sensor probe to achieve the inversion of the spatial electric field strength.
  • the greater the rotation speed of the DC drive mechanism the higher the frequency of the alternating voltage signal output by the sensor probe, the larger the measurement range of the field mill, and the higher the measurement accuracy.
  • the setting of the high-speed DC drive mechanism significantly increases the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the field mill, and accelerates the wear of the instrument, which greatly shortens the service life of the field mill; on the other hand, the cylindrical structure is difficult to fix during use, and it is very easy to shake or even fall due to improper support, causing the field mill to be damaged.
  • the disclosed embodiments propose a suspension field mill and a method for measuring a space electric field, aiming to solve the problems of a high probability of instrument wear due to excessively high motor speed and an unstable structure of the entire device in the existing suspension field mill.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a suspension field mill, comprising: a suspension electric field differential sensing module, a signal processing module, Suspended electric field isolation module and host computer; among which,
  • the suspension electric field differential sensing module comprises a first sensing probe and a second sensing probe, and the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe both have a plurality of electrode pairs;
  • the suspension electric field differential sensing module also includes a first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism;
  • the first driving mechanism is connected to the first sensing probe, and is used to drive the first sensing probe to rotate in the spatial electric field at a first preset rotation speed to generate a first induced current;
  • the second driving mechanism is connected to the second sensing probe, and is used to drive the second sensing probe to rotate in the spatial electric field at a second preset rotation speed different from the first preset rotation speed to generate a second induced current;
  • the signal processing module is arranged at the bottom of the suspension electric field differential sensing module to provide bottom support for the suspension electric field differential sensing module, and converts the first induced current signal and the second induced current signal generated by the suspension electric field differential sensing module into a first DC voltage signal and a second DC voltage signal within a preset amplitude range, respectively;
  • the host computer is connected to the signal processing module to receive the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal sent by the signal processing module, and determines the measurement value of the spatial electric field according to the difference value between the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal;
  • the suspended electric field isolation module is arranged above the signal processing module and covers the top of the suspended electric field differential sensing module to seal the signal processing module and the suspended electric field differential sensing module.
  • the suspended electric field differential sensing module includes: an insulating support frame, a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, a first sensing probe and a second sensing probe; wherein,
  • the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are arranged at intervals on the bottom wall of the insulating support frame, and the first output shaft of the first driving mechanism and the second output shaft of the second driving mechanism respectively pass through two opposite side walls of the insulating support frame and extend outwards;
  • the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe are coaxially sleeved on the first output shaft and the second output shaft at the outer side of the insulating support frame respectively;
  • a first slip ring is provided on one end of the first output shaft away from the insulating support frame, the first slip ring is located inside the first sensing probe and is electrically connected to the first sensing probe, so as to transmit the induced current generated by the first sensing probe to the signal processing module;
  • a second slip ring is provided on one end of the second output shaft away from the insulating support frame; the second slip ring is located inside the second sensing probe and is electrically connected to the second sensing probe, so as to transmit the induced current generated by the second sensing probe to the signal processing module.
  • the suspension electric field differential sensing module further includes: a first reference signal generating unit and a second reference signal generating unit; wherein,
  • the first reference signal generating unit is arranged on one side of the first slip ring and connected to the first The outer surface of one side wall is connected to generate a square wave signal with the same frequency as the induced current generated by the first induction probe;
  • the second reference signal generating unit is arranged on one side of the second slip ring and connected to the outer surface of the second side wall of the insulating support frame, and is used to generate a square wave signal with the same frequency as the induced current generated by the second sensing probe.
  • the first reference signal generating unit includes: a first photoelectric sensor and a first synchronous grating; wherein,
  • the first photoelectric sensor is arranged outside the first side wall of the insulating support frame, and the photoelectric slot opening direction of the first photoelectric sensor is toward the first output shaft; the first synchronization grating is vertically arranged on the first output shaft, and the first synchronization grating is arranged opposite to the photoelectric slot opening of the first photoelectric sensor.
  • the second reference signal generating unit includes: a second photoelectric sensor and a second synchronous grating; wherein,
  • the second photoelectric sensor is arranged outside the second side wall of the insulating support frame, and the photoelectric slot opening direction of the second photoelectric sensor is toward the second output shaft; the second synchronization grating is vertically arranged on the second output shaft, and the second synchronization grating is arranged opposite to the photoelectric slot opening of the second photoelectric sensor.
  • the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe each include: a support body, a first finger-shaped electrode and a second finger-shaped electrode arranged in pairs; wherein,
  • the support body is a hollow columnar structure, one end of which is open, and the open end is arranged toward the side wall of the insulating support frame of the suspended electric field differential sensing module; the other end of the support body is provided with a cover;
  • Each of the first finger-shaped electrodes and each of the second finger-shaped electrodes are alternately arranged on the outer wall of the support body;
  • a first connecting portion is provided at one end of each of the first finger-shaped electrodes, for connecting each of the first finger-shaped electrodes in series;
  • a second connecting portion is provided at one end of each of the second finger-shaped electrodes opposite to the first connecting portion, so as to connect each of the second finger-shaped electrodes in series.
  • the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode are both rectangular, triangular, elliptical or trapezoidal.
  • both ends of each electrode pair formed by each of the first finger-shaped electrodes and each of the second finger-shaped electrodes are respectively covered with a first insulating protective layer and a second insulating protective layer.
  • the signal processing module includes: an insulating housing and a signal processing circuit, a power conversion circuit, a rechargeable battery and a wireless communication circuit placed in the insulating housing; wherein,
  • the insulating shell is a box structure with one end open, and is provided with a plurality of connection holes for connecting with the suspension electric field.
  • the differential sensing modules are connected;
  • the input end of the power conversion circuit is connected to the rechargeable battery to convert the voltage signal output therein into a voltage signal of a preset amplitude;
  • the output end of the power conversion circuit is electrically connected to the signal processing circuit, the wireless communication circuit, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism respectively, for transmitting electric energy to each component;
  • the input end of the signal processing circuit is connected to the suspension electric field differential sensing module, and the output end of the signal processing circuit is connected to the wireless communication circuit, and is used to convert the induced current signal sensed by the suspension electric field differential sensing module into a DC voltage signal within a preset amplitude range, and transmit the DC voltage signal to the wireless communication circuit;
  • the wireless communication circuit is connected to a host computer and is used to transmit the DC voltage signal to the host computer.
  • the suspended field mill in the embodiment of the present disclosure cuts the spatial electric field by setting a first sensing probe and a second sensing probe with multiple electrode pairs, thereby generating a higher frequency induced current signal, which greatly improves the frequency of the output signal of the field mill, reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the field mill while improving the measurement accuracy; it is beneficial to reduce instrument loss and extend the service life of the instrument; the signal processing module is set at the bottom of the suspended electric field differential sensing module as a support for the entire device, thereby improving the structural stability of the field mill; in addition, a suspended electric field isolation module is set to isolate and seal the signal processing module and the suspended electric field differential sensing module, which can reduce the interference of the electric field on the internal components of the suspended field mill, which is beneficial to further improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the disclosed embodiment also proposes a method for measuring the space electric field using the above-mentioned suspended field mill, comprising the following steps:
  • a first driving mechanism in the suspended electric field differential sensing module is used to drive a first sensing probe having a plurality of electrode pairs to rotate in a spatial electric field at a first preset rotation speed to generate a first induced current;
  • a second driving mechanism in the suspended electric field differential sensing module is used to drive a second sensing probe having a plurality of electrode pairs to rotate in the spatial electric field at a second preset rotation speed different from the first preset rotation speed to generate a second induced current;
  • a signal processing module to convert the first induced current and the second induced current into a first DC voltage signal and a second DC voltage signal within a preset amplitude range, respectively;
  • the measured value of the spatial electric field is calculated based on the difference value between the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal.
  • the measured value of the spatial electric field is determined according to the following formula:
  • E is the electric field strength of the spatial electric field
  • ka is the current-voltage conversion coefficient
  • U1 and U2 are the amplitudes of the output voltage signals of the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe respectively
  • a is the radius of the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe
  • L is the length of the electrode in the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the rotation speeds of the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe respectively
  • N is the number of electrode pairs in the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • k is a dimensionless increment related to the number of electrode pairs N.
  • the relationship between the first induced current or the second induced current and the electric field strength of the spatial electric field is as follows:
  • ic is the first induced current or the second induced current
  • a is the radius of the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • L is the length of the electrode in the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant
  • ⁇ is the rotation speed of the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • E is the electric field strength of the space electric field
  • Q is the induced charge of the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • t is the time
  • N is the number of electrode pairs in the first induction probe or the second induction probe, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • k is a dimensionless increment related to the number of electrode pairs N.
  • the method for measuring the spatial electric field drives the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe having a plurality of electrode pairs at different rotation speeds respectively by the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism in the suspended electric field differential sensing module, so as to cut the electric field through the electrode pairs to generate different first induced currents and second induced currents, and converts the first induced current and the second induced current into a DC voltage signal and a second DC voltage signal within a preset amplitude range respectively by using a signal processing module, and calculates the measured value of the spatial electric field based on the difference value between the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the floating field mill to measure the spatial electric field value and facilitating improving the measurement accuracy of the spatial electric field value.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a suspended field mill provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a suspended field mill provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal processing module in a suspension field mill provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG4 is a top view of a signal processing module in a suspended field mill provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a suspended electric field differential sensing module in a suspended field mill provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first sensing probe or a second sensing probe in a suspended field mill provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 is an expanded view of the A-A' portion in Fig. 6;
  • FIG8 is another structural schematic diagram of a first sensing probe or a second sensing probe in a suspended field mill provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 9 is an expanded view of the B-B' portion in Fig. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a suspended electric field isolation module of a suspended field mill provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the suspension field mill of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a suspension electric field differential sensing module 1, a signal processing module 2, a suspension electric field isolation module 3 and a host computer (not shown in the figure); wherein the suspension electric field differential sensing module 1 has a first sensing probe 12 and a second sensing probe 13, and the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 both have a plurality of electrode pairs; the suspension electric field differential sensing module 1 also has a first driving mechanism 11 and a second driving mechanism 14; the first driving mechanism 11 is connected to the first sensing probe 12, and is used to drive the first sensing probe 12 to rotate in a spatial electric field at a first preset speed to generate a first induced current; the second driving mechanism 14 is connected to the second sensing probe 13, and is used to drive the second sensing probe 13 to rotate in a spatial electric field at a second preset speed different from the first preset speed to generate
  • the signal processing module 2 can be a rectangular or square cavity with an open end, so that the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 and the suspended electric field isolation module 3 can be stably and reliably installed thereon. That is to say, the upper part is the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1, and the lower part is the square-structured signal processing module 2, so that the center of gravity of the field mill is lowered by utilizing the deadweight of the signal processing module 2, thereby improving the structural stability of the field mill compared to a field mill with a curved bottom.
  • a plurality of screw holes may be provided on the wall surface of the open end of the signal processing module 2 for cooperating and fixing the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 and the suspended electric field isolation module 3.
  • the first driving mechanism 11 may be a motor
  • the second driving mechanism 14 may also be a motor. The first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 respectively drive the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 to rotate simultaneously, and the rotation speeds of the two are different.
  • the suspension electric field differential sensing module 1 in this embodiment uses two probes, a first sensing probe 12 and a second sensing probe 13.
  • the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 each have at least one electrode pair, and each electrode pair has two electrodes to form a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • the number of electrode pairs of the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 are both cylindrical structures.
  • the signal processing module 2 is electrically connected to the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 , and is used to collect the induced current signals generated by the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 , and convert the acquired signals into corresponding first DC voltage signals and second DC voltage signals.
  • the signal processing module 2 receives the induced current generated by the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13, and converts the induced current signals generated by each into a first DC voltage signal and a second DC voltage signal.
  • the host computer receives the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal sent by the signal processing module, and determines the field intensity measurement value of the spatial electric field by using the relationship between the difference value of the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal stored in the calculation module and the field intensity of the spatial electric field.
  • the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 can be cylindrical structures.
  • the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 have different rotation speeds.
  • the output voltage signals of the two probes are subtracted.
  • Subtraction processing (U 1 -U 2 ) can eliminate the interference caused by the free charged particles in the space adsorbed on the induction probe.
  • the subtraction signal is the output signal of the probe in the entire suspension field mill.
  • the output signal is proportional to the electric field strength E of the space electric field. The relationship is as follows:
  • E is the electric field strength of the space electric field
  • ka is the current-voltage conversion coefficient
  • U1 and U2 are the amplitudes of the output voltage signals of the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 respectively
  • a is the radius of the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13
  • L is the length of the electrode in the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the rotation speeds of the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 respectively
  • N is the number of electrode pairs in the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • k is a dimensionless increment related to the number of electrode pairs N.
  • a is the radius of the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13;
  • L is the length of the electrode in the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13;
  • ⁇ 0 is the dielectric constant of vacuum;
  • ⁇ is the rotation speed of the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13;
  • E is the electric field strength of the space electric field;
  • Q is the induced charge of the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe;
  • t is time;
  • N is the number of electrode pairs in the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, then each pair of electrodes has at least two electrodes;
  • k is a dimensionless increment related to the number of electrode pairs N.
  • the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 each having N electrode pairs are used, even if the driving The rotation speed of the driving mechanism is only 1/N of the rotation speed of the driving mechanism of the traditional suspension field mill, and an output signal with a frequency equivalent to that of the traditional suspension field mill can also be obtained.
  • the output signal frequency obtained by the induction probe is N times the output signal frequency of the traditional suspension field mill, thereby achieving the effect of improving the measurement range and accuracy of the suspension field mill.
  • the signal processing module 2 includes: an insulating housing 21 and a signal processing circuit 22, a power conversion circuit 23, a rechargeable battery 24 and a wireless communication circuit 25 disposed in the insulating housing 21; wherein the insulating housing 21 is a box structure with an opening at one end, and a plurality of connection holes 211 are provided on the insulating housing for connecting with the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1; the input end of the power conversion circuit 23 is connected to the rechargeable battery 24 to convert the voltage signal outputted therein into a voltage signal of a preset amplitude; the power conversion circuit 23 The output end is electrically connected to the signal processing circuit 22, the wireless communication circuit 25, the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 respectively, so as to transmit electric energy to each component; the input end of the signal processing circuit 22 is connected to the suspension electric field differential sensing module 1, and the output end of the signal processing circuit 22 is connected to the
  • the box body can be rectangular or square, and a number of threaded holes are provided on each wall surface of the open end thereof, which can be connected to the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 and the suspended electric field isolation module 3, so as to effectively ensure that the field mill does not shake during operation, reduce the phenomenon of inaccurate measurement results caused by shaking during operation of the field mill, and effectively reduce the probability of the field mill being damaged due to falling caused by shaking.
  • a power charging interface 212 and a power switch button window 213 are provided on the side wall of the insulating housing 21 of the signal processing module 2, which are used to connect the charging terminal of the rechargeable battery and the switch button terminal respectively.
  • the rechargeable battery 24 is placed in the insulating housing 21 of the signal processing module 2 , with its left side close to the inner wall of the insulating housing 21 , its right side close to the signal processing circuit 22 , the front side being the power conversion circuit 23 , and the rear side being the wireless communication circuit 25 .
  • the rechargeable battery 24 is an energy module with a capacity of not less than 3Ah, an output voltage of 24V, and can be charged by an external mains power supply.
  • the rechargeable battery 24 is used for power supply to measure the airspace electric field, reduce the influence of wiring power supply on the height of the measurement space, and can also well reduce the electric field formed by the ground wire when the field mill is placed in the electric field, resulting in changes in the original electric field, thereby affecting the accuracy of the measurement results.
  • the signal processing circuit 22 can convert the induced current signal sensed by the suspension electric field differential sensing module 1 into a DC voltage signal with an amplitude range of 0 to +3.3V, and transmit the signal to the wireless communication circuit 25 through a wire.
  • the signal processing circuit 22 may include: an IV conversion subcircuit, an amplification and filtering subcircuit, and a phase-sensitive detection subcircuit. wait.
  • the wireless communication circuit 25 is used to transmit the output signal of the signal processing circuit 22 to the host computer without loss.
  • the power conversion circuit 23 is electrically connected to the charging terminal of the rechargeable battery located at the power charging interface 212 and the switch button terminal located at the power switch button window 213 through a wire.
  • the switch button When the switch button is turned on, the power conversion circuit 23 is turned on, and the rechargeable battery 24 starts to supply power to the power conversion circuit 23.
  • the power conversion circuit 23 is connected to the rechargeable battery 24, and converts the 24V output by the rechargeable battery 24 into voltages of different amplitudes such as +21V, +14V, +5V, +3.3V and -5V, which are used to drive the wireless communication circuit 25 and the electronic components in the signal processing circuit 22 to work normally.
  • the power conversion circuit 23 is also electrically connected to the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 in the suspension electric field differential sensing module 1 through wires, and is used to drive the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 to rotate at different speeds.
  • the suspended electric field isolation module 3 can be an arc-shaped structure, for example, a U-shaped structure, which is covered between the two side walls of the insulating support frame 10 of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1, and the two ends of the suspended electric field isolation module 3 are connected to the signal processing module 2 by bolts to form a T-shaped closed structure with the signal processing module 2 and the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1, thereby reducing the interference of the electric field on the various components inside the suspended field mill.
  • arc-shaped structure for example, a U-shaped structure, which is covered between the two side walls of the insulating support frame 10 of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1, and the two ends of the suspended electric field isolation module 3 are connected to the signal processing module 2 by bolts to form a T-shaped closed structure with the signal processing module 2 and the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1, thereby reducing the interference of the electric field on the various components inside the suspended field mill.
  • a plurality of screw holes 31 are respectively provided on both sides of the suspended electric field isolation module 3, which are used to connect with the signal processing module 2 and the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 by bolts.
  • the suspended electric field isolation module 3 can be made of non-polar materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene.
  • the highest point of the top of the suspended electric field isolation module 3 coincides with the highest point of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1.
  • the suspended field mill provided in this embodiment cuts the spatial electric field by setting a first sensing probe and a second sensing probe with multiple electrode pairs, thereby generating a higher frequency induced current signal, which greatly improves the frequency of the output signal of the field mill, while improving the measurement accuracy and reducing the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the field mill; it is beneficial to reduce instrument loss and extend the service life of the instrument; the signal processing module is set at the bottom of the suspended electric field differential sensing module as a support for the entire device, thereby improving the structural stability of the field mill; in addition, a suspended electric field isolation module is set to isolate and seal the signal processing module and the suspended electric field differential sensing module, which can reduce the interference of the electric field on the internal components of the suspended field mill, which is beneficial to further improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 includes: an insulating support frame 10, a first driving mechanism 11, a second driving mechanism 14, a first sensing probe 12 and a second sensing probe 13; wherein, the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 are spaced apart on the bottom wall of the insulating support frame 10, and the first output shaft of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second output shaft of the second driving mechanism 14 respectively pass through the two side walls oppositely arranged in the insulating support frame 10 and extend outward; the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 are respectively coaxially sleeved on the first output shaft and the second output shaft located outside the insulating support frame 10; a first sensing probe 12 and a second sensing probe 13 are provided on the end of the first output shaft away from the insulating support frame 10.
  • a slip ring 15, and the first slip ring 15 is located inside the first sensing probe 12 and electrically connected to the first sensing probe 12, so as to transmit the induced current generated by the first sensing probe 12 to the signal processing module 2;
  • a second slip ring 16 is provided on the end of the second output shaft away from the insulating support frame 10; and the second slip ring 16 is located inside the second sensing probe 13 and electrically connected to the second sensing probe 13, so as to transmit the induced current generated by the second sensing probe 13 to the signal processing module 2.
  • the insulating support frame 10 can be a "concave" shaped structure.
  • the insulating support frame 10 is fixed to the signal processing module 2 by engaging with the screw holes on the signal processing module 2 through bolts, so that the cavity of the signal processing module 2 is sealed.
  • the bodies of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 are coaxially fixed to the bottom wall of the insulating support frame 10 of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 by bolts.
  • the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 are both motors, and channels are respectively provided on two oppositely disposed side walls of the insulating support frame 10 to install the first output shaft of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second output shaft of the second driving mechanism 14.
  • the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 are respectively sleeved on the first output shaft and the second output shaft located outside the insulating support frame 10 in the axial direction, and the axial lengths of the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 are respectively smaller than the lengths of the first output shaft and the second output shaft.
  • the first output shaft and the second output shaft are respectively sleeved with a first slip ring 15 and a second slip ring 16 which are vertically arranged; the first slip ring 15 is located inside the first induction probe 12 and is coaxially arranged with the first induction probe 12, and the second slip ring 16 is located inside the second induction probe 13 and is coaxially arranged with the second induction probe 13.
  • the mover end of the first slip ring 15 and the first induction probe 12 rotate together with the first output shaft, and the stator end of the first slip ring 15 is connected to the electrode pair of the first induction probe 12 through a wire to transmit the induced current generated by the first induction probe 12;
  • the mover end of the second slip ring 16 and the second induction probe 13 rotate together with the second output shaft, and the stator end of the second slip ring 16 and the electrode pair of the second induction probe 13 are connected through a wire to transmit the induced current generated by the second induction probe 13.
  • the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 both include: a support body 100, a first finger-shaped electrode 101 and a second finger-shaped electrode 102 arranged in pairs; wherein the support body 100 is a hollow columnar structure, one end of which is open, and the open end is arranged toward the side wall of the insulating support frame 10 of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1; the other end of the support body 100 is provided with a cover 103 as shown in FIG.
  • each of the first finger-shaped electrodes 101 and each of the second finger-shaped electrodes 102 are alternately arranged on the outer wall of the support body 100; as shown in FIG. 8, one end of each of the first finger-shaped electrodes 101 is provided with a first connecting portion 104 for connecting each of the first finger-shaped electrodes 101 in series; and one end of each of the second finger-shaped electrodes 102 opposite to the first connecting portion 104 is provided with a second connecting portion 105 for connecting each of the second finger-shaped electrodes 102 in series.
  • the support body 100 may be a hollow cylinder or a square column structure with one side open.
  • the support body 100 is used to support the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second finger-shaped electrode 102, so that the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second finger-shaped electrode 102 can rotate under the drive of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 respectively.
  • the wall thickness of the support body 100 can be 1 millimeter (mm).
  • the support body 100 can be made of non-polar materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene.
  • each first finger-shaped electrode 101 and each second finger-shaped electrode 102 are arranged in pairs, alternately arranged along the circumference of the support body 100, and enclosed into a hollow columnar structure for sensing the effective sensing area of the space suspension electric field.
  • each first finger-shaped electrode 101 and each second finger-shaped electrode 102 can be fastened to the support body 100 of the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 by bolts or adhesives.
  • the first finger-shaped electrodes 101 and the second finger-shaped electrodes 102 can both be made of metal conductive materials such as stainless steel or brass.
  • a "concave” structure is formed between two adjacent first finger-shaped electrodes 101 and the first connecting portion 104, and each second finger-shaped electrode 102 forms a "convex” structure with the second connecting portions 105 on both sides of its end, and the corresponding "convex” structure is inserted in the corresponding "concave” structure.
  • the number of the first finger electrodes 101 and the second finger electrodes 102 of the first sensing probe 12 is the same as that of the second sensing probe 13.
  • the two opposite first finger electrodes 101 and the second finger electrodes 102 form a capacitor to measure the electric field signal.
  • the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second finger-shaped electrode 102 are both rectangular, triangular, elliptical or trapezoidal. In some embodiments, the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second finger-shaped electrode 102 are both rectangular, which is beneficial to increase the area occupied by the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second finger-shaped electrode 102 on the support 100, thereby facilitating the increase of the effective sensing area of the spatial electric field.
  • first connection part 104 and the second connection part 105 are both ring-shaped structures.
  • the first connection part 104 can control each first finger-shaped electrode 101 to maintain the same potential; the second connection part 105 can control each second finger-shaped electrode 102 to maintain the same potential.
  • the first connection part 104 can be integrally formed with each first finger-shaped electrode 101; the second connection part 105 can be integrally formed with each second finger-shaped electrode 102.
  • the gap between the open end of the support body 100 of the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 and the first side wall outer surface of the insulating support frame 10 of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 may be no greater than 1 mm, and the gap between the open end of the support body 100 of the second sensing probe 13 and the second side wall outer surface of the insulating support frame 10 of the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 may be no greater than 1 mm.
  • the cover 103 of the first sensing probe 12 and the cover 103 of the second sensing probe 13 are respectively disposed on the first output shaft of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second output shaft of the second driving mechanism 14.
  • the cover 103 of the first sensing probe 12 and the cover 103 of the second sensing probe 13 are respectively coaxially fixed on the first output shaft of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second output shaft of the second driving mechanism 14.
  • the cover 103 of the first sensing probe 12 and the cover 103 of the second sensing probe 13 can be a cylindrical cavity structure with one end open, which can be made of non-polar materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene.
  • the wall thickness of the cover 103 of the first sensing probe 12 and the cover 103 of the second sensing probe 13 is 1 mm.
  • the open end of the cover 103 of the first sensing probe 12 is connected to the first end of the first sensing probe 12 (the left end of the first sensing probe 12 in the figure), and the gap between the open end of the cover 103 of the first sensing probe 12 and the first end of the first sensing probe 12 may be no greater than 1 mm;
  • the open end of the cover 103 of the second sensing probe 13 is connected to the first end of the second sensing probe 13, and the gap between the open end of the cover 103 of the second sensing probe 13 and the first end of the second sensing probe 13 (the left end of the second sensing probe 13 in the figure) may be no greater than 1 mm, which reduces the friction between the cover 103 and the sensing probe on the one hand, and reduces the problem of the output shafts of the first driving mechanism 11 and the second driving mechanism 14 being exposed due to the excessive gap between the cover 103 and the sensing probe on the other hand.
  • both ends of each electrode pair formed by each of the first finger-shaped electrodes 101 and each of the second finger-shaped electrodes 102 are respectively covered with a first insulating protective layer 1011 and a second insulating protective layer 1012 .
  • the first insulating sheath 1011 and the second insulating sheath 1021 may both be hollow cylindrical structures.
  • the wall thickness of the first insulating sheath 1011 and the second insulating sheath 1021 may be 1 mm, and the height of the first insulating sheath 1011 and the second insulating sheath 1021 may be no less than the height of the first connecting portion 104 of the first finger-shaped electrode 101 or the second connecting portion 105 of the second finger-shaped electrode 102.
  • first connecting portion 104 and the second connecting portion 105 are fastened to the support 100, and on the other hand, they are used to isolate the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second finger-shaped electrode 102 to prevent the first connecting portion 104 of the first finger-shaped electrode 101 and the second connecting portion 105 of the second finger-shaped electrode 102 from appearing in the same electric field at the same time.
  • each first finger-shaped electrode 101 and each second finger-shaped electrode 102 are assembled in a cross manner to form a hollow cylinder.
  • the support body 100 is coaxially inserted into the hollow cylinder to form a cylindrical cavity structure with one end open, and it is fastened with bolts or glue.
  • the two electrode insulating sheaths are respectively put on the head and tail ends of the cylindrical cavity structure.
  • the suspended electric field differential sensing module 1 further includes: a first reference signal generating unit 17 and a second reference signal generating unit 18; wherein the first reference signal generating unit 17 is arranged on one side of the first slip ring 15 and is connected to the outer surface of the first side wall a of the insulating support frame 10, so as to generate a reference signal with the first reference signal generating unit 17.
  • the first sensing probe 12 generates a square wave signal with the same frequency as the induced current;
  • the second reference signal generating unit 18 is arranged on one side of the second merge ring 16 and is connected to the outer surface of the second side wall b of the insulating support frame 10, so as to generate a square wave signal with the same frequency as the induced current generated by the second sensing probe 13.
  • the first reference signal generating unit 17 may be fixed on the outside of the first side wall of the insulating support frame 10 ; and the second reference signal generating unit 18 may be fixed on the outside of the second side wall of the insulating support frame 10 .
  • the first reference signal generating unit 17 includes: a first photoelectric sensor 171 and a first synchronization grating 172; wherein, the first photoelectric sensor 171 is arranged outside the first side wall of the insulating support frame 10, and the photoelectric slot opening direction of the first photoelectric sensor 171 is toward the first output shaft; the first synchronization grating 172 is vertically arranged on the first output shaft, and the first synchronization grating 172 is arranged directly opposite to the photoelectric slot of the first photoelectric sensor 171.
  • the first photoelectric sensor 171 is connected to the outside of the first side wall of the insulating support frame 10, and its photoelectric slot opening faces the first output shaft.
  • the first synchronous grating 172 is vertically arranged on the first output shaft and is aligned with the center of the photoelectric slot of the first photoelectric sensor 171.
  • the first synchronous grating 172 is coaxially arranged on the first output shaft.
  • the first synchronous grating 172, the first slip ring 15 and the cover 103 of the first induction probe 12 are coaxially arranged on the first output shaft in sequence along the outlet direction of the output shaft.
  • the second reference signal generating unit 18 includes: a second photoelectric sensor 181 and a second synchronization grating 182; wherein, the second photoelectric sensor 181 is arranged outside the second side wall of the insulating support frame 10, and the photoelectric slot opening direction of the second photoelectric sensor 181 is toward the second output shaft; the second synchronization grating 182 is vertically arranged on the second output shaft, and the second synchronization grating 182 is arranged directly opposite to the photoelectric slot opening of the second photoelectric sensor 181.
  • the second photoelectric sensor 181 is connected to the outside of the second side wall of the insulating support frame 10, and its photoelectric slot opening faces the second output shaft.
  • the second synchronous grating 182 is vertically arranged on the second output shaft and is aligned with the center of the photoelectric slot of the second photoelectric sensor 181.
  • the second synchronous grating 182 is coaxially arranged on the second output shaft.
  • the second synchronous grating 182, the second slip ring 16, and the cover 103 of the second induction probe 13 are coaxially arranged on the second output shaft in sequence along the outlet direction of the output shaft.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the first driving mechanism 11 drives the first sensing probe 12 to rotate at a first preset speed in the electric field, and the second driving mechanism 14 drives the second sensing probe 13 to rotate at a second preset speed in the electric field.
  • the multiple electrodes on the first sensing probe 12 and the second sensing probe 13 cut the electric field lines, generate induced charges that change with time on their surfaces, and generate current in the wires.
  • the current enters the signal processing circuit 22 through the collector ring; the IV conversion subcircuit of the signal processing circuit 22 converts the current into voltage, and then processes the voltage signal through the amplification and filtering subcircuit to obtain a sinusoidal voltage signal, the frequency of which is related to the angular velocity of the first sensing probe 12 or the second sensing probe 13.
  • the first synchronous grating 172 or the second synchronous grating 182 rotates to generate a square wave signal with the same frequency as the aforementioned sinusoidal voltage signal.
  • a full-wave rectified voltage signal is generated.
  • the full-wave rectified voltage signal is a positive half-cycle signal with an amplitude greater than or equal to zero, it means that the measured electric field is a positive electric field; if the full-wave rectified voltage signal is a negative half-cycle signal, it means that the measured electric field is a negative electric field.
  • a DC voltage signal is output, which is the output signal of the first induction probe 12 or the second induction probe 13.
  • the suspended field mill provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure cuts the spatial electric field by setting a first sensing probe and a second sensing probe with multiple electrode pairs, thereby generating a higher frequency induced current signal, which greatly improves the frequency of the output signal of the field mill, and reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the field mill while improving the measurement accuracy; it is beneficial to reduce instrument loss and extend the service life of the instrument; the signal processing module is set at the bottom of the suspended electric field differential sensing module as a support for the entire device, thereby improving the structural stability of the field mill; in addition, a suspended electric field isolation module is set to isolate and seal the signal processing module and the suspended electric field differential sensing module, which can reduce the interference of the electric field on the internal components of the suspended field mill, which is beneficial to further improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a method for measuring the electric field in space using the suspended field mill in the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 using a first driving mechanism in a suspension electric field differential sensing module to drive a first sensing probe having a plurality of electrode pairs to rotate in a spatial electric field at a first preset speed to generate a first induced current; using a second driving mechanism in a suspension electric field differential sensing module to drive a second sensing probe having a plurality of electrode pairs to rotate in a spatial electric field at a second preset speed different from the first preset speed to generate a second induced current.
  • the relationship between the first induced current or the second induced current and the intensity of the spatial electric field is as follows:
  • ic is the first induced current or the second induced current
  • a is the radius of the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • L is the length of the electrode in the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant
  • ⁇ is the rotation speed of the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • E is the electric field strength of the space electric field
  • Q is the induced charge of the first induction probe or the second induction probe
  • t is the time
  • k is the dimensionless increment related to the number of electrode pairs N
  • N is the first induction probe or the second
  • the number of electrode pairs in the induction probe is N greater than or equal to 1; when N is greater than or equal to 2, the output signal frequency obtained by the induction probe is more than twice the output signal frequency of the traditional suspended field mill, which is beneficial to improve the measurement range and accuracy of the suspended field mill.
  • N is an even number, in a spatial electric field, two adjacent electrodes on the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe may have the same polarity, which will cause the output signal to be a non-sinusoidal waveform, making it difficult to extract a valid sensing signal from the sensing probe output. Therefore, N in this embodiment is an odd number.
  • Step S2 using a signal processing module to convert the first induced current and the second induced current into a first DC voltage signal and a second DC voltage signal within a preset amplitude range, respectively.
  • the induced current is converted into a voltage signal through a corresponding current-voltage conversion subcircuit.
  • Step S3 calculating the measured value of the spatial electric field based on the difference between the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal.
  • the measured value of the spatial electric field is determined according to the following formula:
  • E is the electric field strength of the spatial electric field
  • ka is the current-voltage conversion coefficient
  • U1 and U2 are the amplitudes of the output voltage signals of the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe respectively
  • a is the radius of the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe
  • L is the length of the electrode in the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the rotation speeds of the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe respectively
  • N is the number of electrode pairs in the first sensing probe or the second sensing probe, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • k is a dimensionless increment related to the number of electrode pairs N.
  • the method for measuring the space electric field drives the first sensing probe and the second sensing probe having a plurality of electrode pairs at different speeds respectively through the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism in the suspended electric field differential sensing module, so as to cut the electric field through the electrode pairs to generate different first induced currents and second induced currents, and uses the signal processing
  • the processing module converts the first induced current and the second induced current into a DC voltage signal and a second DC voltage signal within a preset amplitude range, respectively, and calculates the measured value of the spatial electric field based on the difference between the first DC voltage signal and the second DC voltage signal, which provides a theoretical basis for the floating field mill to measure the spatial electric field value and is conducive to improving the measurement accuracy of the spatial electric field value.

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Abstract

一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法，悬浮场磨仪包括：悬浮电场差分感应模块（1）、信号处理模块（2）、悬浮电场隔离模块（3）和上位机；悬浮电场差分感应模块（1）中具有第一感应探头（12）和第二感应探头（13），第一感应探头（12）和第二感应探头（13）均具有若干电极对；悬浮电场差分感应模块（1）中还具有第一驱动机构（11）和第二驱动机构（14）；第一驱动机构（11）驱动第一感应探头（12）在空间电场中旋转产生第一感应电流；第二驱动机构（14）驱动第二感应探头（13）在空间电场中旋转产生第二感应电流；信号处理模块（2）将两种感应电流信号转换成两种直流电压信号，并根据两种直流电压信号的差异值确定空间电场的测量值。本悬浮场磨仪，通过设置具有多对电极的第一感应探头（12）和第二感应探头（13），大大提升了场磨仪输出信号的频率。

Description

一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开实施例基于申请号为2023107282582、申请日为2023年06月20日、申请名称为“一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法”的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本公开。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及电力设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法。
背景技术
合成电场是直流输电线路电磁环境的重要表征参数，也是引起居民对直流输电工程健康风险焦虑的主要因素之一。为了测量直流输电线路下方的合成电场，目前使用的技术有快门型、振动式和圆柱形三种具有不同结构的场磨仪。其中，快门型和振动式场磨仪需要进行适当的接地处理，才能避免出现由于空间电荷在场磨仪探头上累积而造成的测量偏差现象，因此，其通常被用在测量直流输电线路下方的地面合成电场。
圆柱形场磨仪则是一种基于变电容测量原理的电场测量装置，已被证实可以用于直流输电线路下方空间合成电场测量，主要采用直流驱动机构驱动传感探头在直流输电线路产生的电场中旋转，再利用外围电路分析传感探头上各感应导体的电通量，来实现空间电场强度的反演。对于传统的圆柱形场磨仪，理论上，直流驱动机构的旋转速度越大，传感探头输出的交变电压信号的频率越高，场磨仪的测量范围越大，测量精度也越高。然而，高转速直流驱动机构的设置，显著增加了场磨仪的制造成本和维护难度，并且加快了仪器的磨损，使得场磨仪的使用寿命大大缩短；另一方面，圆柱形的结构在使用时很难被固定，而且极易因为支撑处理不当而发生晃动，甚至跌落，而造成场磨仪被损坏。
发明内容
本公开实施例提出了一种悬浮场磨仪及空间电场的测量方法，旨在解决现有悬浮场磨仪中由于电机转速过高导致的仪器磨损概率较高，以及整个装置结构不稳定的问题。
本公开实施例提出了一种悬浮场磨仪，包括：悬浮电场差分感应模块、信号处理模块、 悬浮电场隔离模块和上位机；其中，
所述悬浮电场差分感应模块中具有第一感应探头和第二感应探头，所述第一感应探头和所述第二感应探头均具有若干电极对；
所述悬浮电场差分感应模块中还具有第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构；所述第一驱动机构与所述第一感应探头相连，用于以第一预设转速驱动所述第一感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第一感应电流；所述第二驱动机构与所述第二感应探头相连，用于以不同于所述第一预设转速的第二预设转速驱动所述第二感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第二感应电流；
所述信号处理模块设置在所述悬浮电场差分感应模块底部，用以为所述悬浮电场差分感应模块提供底部支撑，并将所述悬浮电场差分感应模块产生的所述第一感应电流信号和第二感应电流信号分别转换成预设幅值范围的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号；所述上位机与所述信号处理模块连接，用以接收所述信号处理模块发送的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号，并根据所述第一直流电压信号和所述第二直流电压信号的差异值确定空间电场的测量值；
所述悬浮电场隔离模块设置在所述信号处理模块上方，并盖设于所述悬浮电场差分感应模块的顶部，用以密封所述信号处理模块及所述悬浮电场差分感应模块。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块包括：绝缘支撑架、第一驱动机构、第二驱动机构、第一感应探头和第二感应探头；其中，
所述第一驱动机构和所述第二驱动机构间隔设置在所述绝缘支撑架的底壁上，所述第一驱动机构的第一输出轴和所述第二驱动机构的第二输出轴分别穿过所述绝缘支撑架中相对设置的两侧壁并向外延伸；
所述第一感应探头和所述第二感应探头分别同轴套接在所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴位于所述绝缘支撑架外侧的部分；
所述第一输出轴上远离所述绝缘支撑架的一端设置有第一汇流环，所述第一汇流环位于所述第一感应探头的内部，并与所述第一感应探头电连接，用以将所述第一感应探头产生的感应电流传输至所述信号处理模块中；所述第二输出轴上远离所述绝缘支撑架的一端设置有第二汇流环；所述第二汇流环位于所述第二感应探头内部，并与所述第二感应探头电连接，用以将所述第二感应探头产生的感应电流传输至所述信号处理模块中。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块还包括：第一参考信号发生单元和第二参考信号发生单元；其中，
所述第一参考信号发生单元设置在所述第一汇流环的一侧，且与所述绝缘支撑架的第 一侧壁的外表面相连接，用以产生与所述第一感应探头产生的感应电流同频率的方波信号；
所述第二参考信号发生单元设置在所述第二汇流环的一侧，且与所述绝缘支撑架的第二侧壁的外表面相连接，用以产生与所述第二感应探头产生的感应电流同频率的方波信号。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述第一参考信号发生单元包括：第一光电传感器和第一同步光栅；其中，
所述第一光电传感器设置在所述绝缘支撑架的第一侧壁外部，且所述第一光电传感器的光电槽开口方向朝向所述第一输出轴；所述第一同步光栅垂直设置在所述第一输出轴上，且所述第一同步光栅正对所述第一光电传感器的光电槽口设置。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述第二参考信号发生单元包括：第二光电传感器和第二同步光栅；其中，
所述第二光电传感器设置在所述绝缘支撑架的第二侧壁外部，且所述第二光电传感器的光电槽开口方向朝向所述第二输出轴；所述第二同步光栅垂直设置在所述第二输出轴上，且所述第二同步光栅正对所述第二光电传感器的光电槽口设置。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述第一感应探头和所述第二感应探头均包括：支撑体、成对设置的第一指型电极和第二指型电极；其中，
所述支撑体呈中空柱状结构，其一端开口，该开口端朝向所述悬浮电场差分感应模块的绝缘支撑架的侧壁设置；所述支撑体的另一端设置有封盖；
各所述第一指型电极和各所述第二指型电极相间设置在所述支撑体的外壁上；
各所述第一指型电极的一端设置有第一连接部，用以将各所述第一指型电极串联起来；
各所述第二指型电极上与所述第一连接部相对的一端设置有第二连接部，用以将各所述第二指型电极串联起来。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述第一指型电极和所述第二指型电极均呈矩形、三角形、椭圆形或梯形。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述第一指型电极与所述第二指型电极之间、所述第一连接部与所述第一指型电极、所述第二连接部与所述第一指型电极之间均具有预设间隙。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，每个所述第一指型电极和每个所述第二指型电极形成的各个电极对的两端分别套设有第一绝缘护层和第二绝缘护层。
在一些实施例中，上述悬浮场磨仪中，所述信号处理模块包括：绝缘外壳及置于所述绝缘外壳内的信号处理电路、电源转换电路、可充电电池和无线通信电路；其中，
所述绝缘外壳为一端开口的箱体结构，其上开设有若干连接孔，用以与所述悬浮电场 差分感应模块相连接；
电源转换电路的输入端与所述可充电电池连接，以将其中输出的电压信号转换成预设幅值的电压信号；
所述电源转换电路的输出端分别与所述信号处理电路、所述无线通信电路、所述第一驱动机构和所述第二驱动机构电气连接，用于向各部件传输电能；
所述信号处理电路的输入端与所述悬浮电场差分感应模块连接，所述信号处理电路的输出端与所述无线通信电路连接，用于将所述悬浮电场差分感应模块感应的感应电流信号转换预设幅值范围的直流电压信号，并将该直流电压信号传输至所述无线通信电路；
所述无线通信电路与上位机相连，用以将所述直流电压信号传输至所述上位机。
本公开实施例中的悬浮场磨仪，通过设置具有多个电极对的第一感应探头和第二感应探头对空间电场进行切割，从而产生较高频率的感应电流信号，大大提升了场磨仪输出信号的频率，在提高测量精度的同时降低了场磨仪的制造与维护成本；有利于减少仪器损耗，延长仪器的使用寿命；将信号处理模块设置在悬浮电场差分感应模块的底部作为整个装置的支撑，提高了场磨仪的结构稳定性；此外，设置悬浮电场隔离模块，对信号处理模块和悬浮电场差分感应模块进行隔离密封，可以降低电场对悬浮场磨仪内部部件造成的干扰，有利于进一步提高测量精度。
本公开实施例还提出了一种利用上述悬浮场磨仪对空间电场进行测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
利用悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第一驱动机构以第一预设转速驱动具有若干电极对的第一感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第一感应电流；利用悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第二驱动机构以不同于第一预设转速的第二预设转速驱动具有若干电极对的第二感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第二感应电流；
利用信号处理模块将所述第一感应电流和所述第二感应电流分别转化为预设幅值范围的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号；
基于所述第一直流电压信号和所述第二直流电压信号之间的差异值计算所述空间电场的测量值。
在一些实施例中，上述空间电场的测量方法中，所述空间电场的测量值根据下式确定：

其中，E为空间电场的电场强度；ka为电流-电压转换系数；U1和U2分别为第一感应探头和第二感应探头输出电压信号的幅值；a为多第一感应探头或第二感应探头的半径；L为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω1和ω2分别为第一感应探头和第二感应探头的转速；N为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极对的个数，且N为大于等于1的正整数；k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。
在一些实施例中，上述空间电场的测量方法中，所述第一感应电流或所述第二感应电流与所述空间电场的电场强度之间的关系如下：
其中，ic为第一感应电流或第二感应电流；a为多第一感应探头或第二感应探头的半径；L为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的转速；E为空间电场的电场强度；Q为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的感应电荷量；t为时间；N为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极对的个数，且N为大于等于1的正整数，k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。
本公开实施例提供的空间电场的测量方法，通过悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构分别以不同转速驱动具有若干电极对的第一感应探头和第二感应探头，以通过电极对切割电场，产生不同的第一感应电流和第二感应电流，利用信号处理模块将第一感应电流和第二感应电流分别转化为预设幅值范围的直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号，基于第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号之间的差异值计算空间电场的测量值，为浮场磨仪测量空间电场值提供了理论依据，有利于提高空间电场值的测量精度。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术 人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本公开实施例的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪的剖面图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪中信号处理模块的结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪中信号处理模块的俯视图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪中悬浮电场差分感应模块的剖面示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪中第一感应探头或第二感应探头的结构示意图；
图7为图6中的A-A’处的展开图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪的中第一感应探头或第二感应探头的又一结构示意图；
图9为图8中的B-B’处的展开图；
图10为本公开实施例提供的一种悬浮场磨仪的中悬浮电场隔离模块的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开实施例中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开实施例。
参阅图1(悬浮场磨仪的结构示意图)和图2(悬浮场磨仪的剖面示意图)，本公开实施例的悬浮场磨仪包括：悬浮电场差分感应模块1、信号处理模块2、悬浮电场隔离模块3和上位机(图中未示出)；其中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1中具有第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13，所述第一感应探头12和所述第二感应探头13均具有若干电极对；所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1中还具有第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14；所述第一驱动机构11与所述第一感应探头12相连，用于以第一预设转速驱动所述第一感应探头12在空间电场中旋转，以产生第一感应电流；所述第二驱动机构14与所述第二感应探头13相连，用于以不同于所述第一预设转速的第二预设转速驱动所述第二感应探头13在空间电场中旋转，以产生第二感应电流；所述信号处理模块2设置在所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1底部， 用以为所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1提供底部支撑，并将所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1产生的所述第一感应电流信号和第二感应电流信号分别转换成预设幅值范围的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号；上位机与所述信号处理模块2连接，用以接收所述信号处理模块2发送的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号，并根据所述第一直流电压信号和所述第二直流电压信号的差异值确定空间电场的测量值；所述悬浮电场隔离模块3设置在所述信号处理模块2上方，并盖设于所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1的顶部，用以密封所述信号处理模块2及所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1。
在一些实施例中，信号处理模块2可以为一端开口的矩形或方形腔体，便于将悬浮电场差分感应模块1和悬浮电场隔离模块3稳定可靠的安装在其上，也就是说上半部分为悬浮电场差分感应模块1，下半部分为方形结构的信号处理模块2，从而利用信号处理模块2的自重降低场磨仪的重心，相较于底部为弧面的场磨仪而言，提高了场磨仪的结构稳定性。
在一些实施例中，信号处理模块2开口端的壁面上可以开设有若干螺孔，用于配合固定悬浮电场差分感应模块1和悬浮电场隔离模块3。悬浮电场差分感应模块1中，第一驱动机构11可以为电机，第二驱动机构14也可以为电机。第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14分别驱动第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13同时旋转，且二者的转速不同。
由于驱动机构的转速很难保持持续稳定，且大气中的粒子流容易产生干扰电荷，本实施例中的悬浮电场差分感应模块1中选用第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13两个探头。第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13均具有至少一个电极对，每个电极对中具有两种电极，以形成正、负电极。在一些实施例中，第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13均具有的电极对个数大于等于2。在一些实施例中，第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13均为圆柱形结构。
信号处理模块2与第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13电气连接，用于采集第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13产生的感应电流信号，并将获取的信号进行转化成对应的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号。
信号处理模块2接收第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13产生的感应电流，并将各自产生的感应电流信号转化为第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号。上位机接收信号处理模块发送的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号，利用计算模块中存储的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号的差异值与空间电场的场强的关系式确定空间电场的场强测量值。第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13可以为圆柱形结构。
本实施例中，第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14的转速不同，当转速不同的第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13在同一个电场中工作时，两个探头的输出电压信号经减法电 路进行相减处理(U1-U2)，即可消除掉空间中自由带电粒子吸附在感应探头上产生的干扰。相减处理的信号即为整个悬浮场磨仪中探头的输出信号，该输出信号与空间电场的电场强度E成正比，关系式如下：

其中，E为空间电场的电场强度；ka为电流-电压转换系数；U1和U2分别为第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13输出电压信号的幅值；a为多第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13的半径；L为第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω1和ω2分别为第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13的转速；N为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极对的个数，且N为大于等于1的正整数，k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。经过上式计算处理，即可得到相应的电场测量值。在一些实施例中，为了便于计算，通过信号处理电路22将感应电流信号转化为电压信号进行输出并计算。
由于感应电流ic与空间电场的电场强度E的关系为：为正整数
上面三式中，a为多第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13的半径；L为第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω为第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13的转速；E为空间电场的电场强度；Q为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的感应电荷量；t为时间；N为第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13中电极对的个数，N为大于等于1的正整数，那么每对电极中就至少有两个电极；k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。
因此，采用分别具有N个电极对组成的第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13，即使驱 动机构转速只有传统悬浮场磨仪的驱动机构转速的1/N，也能获得与传统悬浮场磨仪频率相当的输出信号。在一些实施例中，当驱动机构转速与传统悬浮场磨仪驱动机构转速相当时，本实施例中，感应探头获得的输出信号频率是传统悬浮场磨仪输出信号频率的N倍，从而达到提高悬浮场磨仪测量范围和精度的效果。
在一些实施例中，参阅图3(信号处理模块的结构示意图)和图4(信号处理模块的俯视图)，所述信号处理模块2包括：绝缘外壳21及置于所述绝缘外壳21内的信号处理电路22、电源转换电路23、可充电电池24和无线通信电路25；其中，所述绝缘外壳21为一端开口的箱体结构，其上开设有若干连接孔211，用以与所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1相连接；电源转换电路23的输入端与所述可充电电池24连接，以将其中输出的电压信号转换成预设幅值的电压信号；所述电源转换电路23的输出端分别与所述信号处理电路22、所述无线通信电路25、所述第一驱动机构11和所述第二驱动机构14电气连接，用于向各部件传输电能；所述信号处理电路22的输入端与所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1连接，所述信号处理电路22的输出端与所述无线通信电路25连接，用于将所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1感应的电场信号转换成预设幅值范围的直流电压信号，并将该直流电压信号传输至所述无线通信电路25；所述无线通信电路25与上位机相连，用以将所述直流电压信号传输至上位机。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以为矩形或方形，其开口端的各壁面上开设有若干螺纹孔，可以与悬浮电场差分感应模块1和悬浮电场隔离模块3相连接，从而能有效保障场磨仪工作时不晃动，减少了场磨仪工作时，由于晃动导致的测量结果不准的现象，以及有效降低了因晃动而发生跌落，造成场磨仪被损坏的概率。信号处理模块2的绝缘外壳21的侧壁上开设有电源充电接口212和电源开关按钮窗口213，分别用于接充电电池充电端子和开关按钮端子。
继续参阅图4和图3，可充电电池24放置于信号处理模块2的绝缘外壳21内，其左侧紧贴绝缘外壳21的内壁，右侧紧靠信号处理电路22，前侧为电源转换电路23，后侧为无线通信电路25。
其中，可充电电池24为容量不低于3Ah，输出电压为24V，且可通过外接市电进行充电的能量模块。本实施例中，采用可充电电池24供电，以便测量空域电场，减少接线供电对测量空间高度的影响，也可以很好的降低在场磨仪置于电场中时引入地线形成的电场，导致原来电场的改变，而影响测量结果的准确性。
信号处理电路22可以将悬浮电场差分感应模块1感应的感应电流信号转换成幅值范围为0至+3.3V的直流电压信号，并通过导线将该信号传输至无线通信电路25。在一些实施例中，信号处理电路22可以包括：I-V转换子电路、放大与滤波子电路、相敏检波子电路 等。
无线通信电路25用于将信号处理电路22的输出信号无损传输至上位机。
所述电源转换电路23与位于电源充电接口212的充电电池充电端子和位于电源开关按钮窗口213的开关按钮端子通过导线进行电气连接，开启开关按钮，电源转换电路23接通，由可充电电池24开始向电源转换电路23供电。电源转换电路23与可充电电池24连接，将可充电电池24输出的24V转换成+21V、+14V、+5V、+3.3V和-5V等不同幅值电压，用于驱动无线通信电路25和信号处理电路22中的电子元器件正常工作。
电源转换电路23还通过导线与悬浮电场差分感应模块1中的第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14进行电气连接，用于驱动第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14以不同速度旋转。
参阅图10(悬浮电场隔离模块的结构示意图)和图1，本实施例中，悬浮电场隔离模块3可以为圆弧形结构，例如为U型结构，其盖设在悬浮电场差分感应模块1的绝缘支撑架10的两侧壁之间，且悬浮电场隔离模块3的两端通过螺栓与信号处理模块2连接，以与信号处理模块2和悬浮电场差分感应模块1形成T型封闭结构，降低电场对悬浮场磨仪内部的各部件造成的干扰。悬浮电场隔离模块3的两侧分别开设有若干螺孔31，用以通过螺栓与信号处理模块2和悬浮电场差分感应模块1连接。在一些实施例中，悬浮电场隔离模块3可以采用聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯等非极性材料制成。在一些实施例中，悬浮电场隔离模块3顶部最高处与悬浮电场差分感应模块1的最高处重合。
上述可以得出，本实施例中提供的悬浮场磨仪，通过设置具有多个电极对的第一感应探头和第二感应探头对空间电场进行切割，从而产生较高频率的感应电流信号，大大提升了场磨仪输出信号的频率，在提高测量精度的同时降低了场磨仪的制造与维护成本；有利于减少仪器损耗，延长仪器的使用寿命；将信号处理模块设置在悬浮电场差分感应模块的底部作为整个装置的支撑，提高了场磨仪的结构稳定性；此外，设置悬浮电场隔离模块，对信号处理模块和悬浮电场差分感应模块进行隔离密封，可以降低电场对悬浮场磨仪内部部件造成的干扰，有利于进一步提高测量精度。
结合图2和图5(悬浮电场差分感应模块的剖面示意图)，上述实施例中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1包括：绝缘支撑架10、第一驱动机构11、第二驱动机构14、第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13；其中，所述第一驱动机构11和所述第二驱动机构14间隔设置在所述绝缘支撑架10的底壁上，所述第一驱动机构11的第一输出轴和所述第二驱动机构14的第二输出轴分别穿过所述绝缘支撑架10中相对设置的两侧壁并向外延伸；所述第一感应探头12和所述第二感应探头13分别同轴套接在所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴位于所述绝缘支撑架10外侧的部分；所述第一输出轴上远离所述绝缘支撑架10的一端设置有第 一汇流环15，且所述第一汇流环15位于所述第一感应探头12的内部并与所述第一感应探头12电连接，用以将所述第一感应探头12产生的感应电流传输至所述信号处理模块2中；所述第二输出轴上远离所述绝缘支撑架10的一端设置有第二汇流环16；且所述第二汇流环16位于所述第二感应探头13内部并与所述第二感应探头13电连接，用以将所述第二感应探头13产生的感应电流传输至所述信号处理模块2中。
在一些实施例中，绝缘支撑架10可以为“凹”字型结构，绝缘支撑架10通过螺栓与信号处理模块2上的螺孔配合，固定在信号处理模块2上，使信号处理模块2的腔体密封。
第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14的本体分别通过螺栓同轴固定在悬浮电场差分感应模块1的绝缘支撑架10的底壁上。
第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14均为电机，绝缘支撑架10的两个相对设置的侧壁上分别开设有通道，以安装第一驱动机构11的第一输出轴和第二驱动机构14的第二输出轴。第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13沿轴向分别套接于第一输出轴和第二输出轴位于绝缘支撑架10外侧的部分，第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13的轴向长度分别小于第一输出轴和第二输出轴的长度。
第一输出轴和第二输出轴上分别套接有竖直设置的第一汇流环15和第二汇流环16；第一汇流环15位于第一感应探头12内部且与第一感应探头12同轴设置，第二汇流环16位于第二感应探头13内部且与第二感应探头13同轴设置。第一汇流环15的动子端与第一感应探头12随第一输出轴一起旋转，第一汇流环15的定子端与第一感应探头12的电极对通过导线连接，以传输第一感应探头12产生的感应电流；第二汇流环16的动子端与第二感应探头13随第二输出轴一起旋转，第二汇流环16的定子端与第二感应探头13的电极对通过导线连接，以传输第二感应探头13产生的感应电流。
参阅图6(第一感应探头或第二感应探头的结构示意图)和图7(图6中的A-A’处的展开图)，上述实施例中，所述第一感应探头12和所述第二感应探头13均包括：支撑体100、成对设置的第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102；其中，所述支撑体100呈中空柱状结构，其一端开口，该开口端朝向所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1的绝缘支撑架10的侧壁设置；所述支撑体100的另一端设置有图2所示的封盖103；各所述第一指型电极101和各所述第二指型电极102相间设置在所述支撑体100的外壁上；如图8所示，各所述第一指型电极101的一端设置有第一连接部104，用以将各所述第一指型电极101串联起来；各所述第二指型电极102上与所述第一连接部104相对的一端设置有第二连接部105，用以将各所述第二指型电极102串联起来。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，支撑体100可以为一侧开口的中空圆柱或方形柱状结 构，用来支撑第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102，使第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102能够分别在第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14的驱动下转动。支撑体100的壁厚可以为1毫米(mm)。支撑体100可以由聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯等非极性材料制成。
参阅图8(第一感应探头或第二感应探头的又一结构示意图)和图9(图8中的B-B’处的展开图)，各第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102成对设置，沿着支撑体100周向相间设置，围设成中空柱状结构，用于感应空间悬浮电场的有效感知区域。在一些实施例中，各第一指型电极101和各第二指型电极102可以通过螺栓或胶粘剂分别紧固在第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13的支撑体100上。
第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102可以均由不锈钢或黄铜等金属导电材料制成。相邻两个第一指型电极101与第一连接部104之间围设成一“凹”形结构，每个第二指型电极102与其端部两侧的第二连接部105形成“凸”形结构，对应的“凸”形结构插设在对应的“凹”形结构中。
第一感应探头12的第一指型电极101及第二指型电极102的数量与第二感应探头13的相同。两个相对的第一指型电极101与第二指型电极102形成电容，以便测量电场信号。
所述第一指型电极101和所述第二指型电极102均呈矩形、三角形、椭圆形或梯形。在一些实施例中，所述第一指型电极101和所述第二指型电极102均为矩形，有利于增加第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102在支撑体100上所占的面积，进而有利于增加对空间电场的有效感应面积。所述第一指型电极101与所述第二指型电极102之间、所述第一连接部104与所述第一指型电极101、所述第二连接部105与所述第一指型电极101之间均具有预设间隙。在一些实施例中，该预设间隙不小于等于1mm。在一些实施例中，该预设间隙为1mm。
本实施例中，所述第一连接部104和所述第二连接部105均呈环状结构。第一连接部104可以控制各第一指型电极101保持等电位；第二连接部105可以控制各第二指型电极102保持等电位。在一些实施例中，第一连接部104可以与各第一指型电极101一体成型；第二连接部105可以与各第二指型电极102一体成型。
实施时，第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13的支撑体100的开口端与悬浮电场差分感应模块1的绝缘支撑架10的第一侧壁外表面之间的间隙可以不大于1mm，第二感应探头13和第二感应探头13的支撑体100的开口端与悬浮电场差分感应模块1的绝缘支撑架10的第二侧壁外表面之间的间隙可以不大于1mm，一方面减少第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13旋转时与绝缘支撑架10产生摩擦，另一方面降低第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13与绝缘支撑架10之间的间隙过大而造成第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14的输出轴上的 部件外露的问题。
第一感应探头12的封盖103和第二感应探头13的封盖103分别设置在第一驱动机构11的第一输出轴和第二驱动机构14的第二输出轴上。在一些实施例中，第一感应探头12的封盖103和第二感应探头13的封盖103分别同轴固定在第一驱动机构11的第一输出轴和第二驱动机构14的第二输出轴上。
第一感应探头12的封盖103和第二感应探头13的封盖103可以为一端开口的圆柱体空腔结构，其可以由聚四氟乙烯或聚丙烯等非极性材料制成的。在一些实施例中，第一感应探头12的封盖103和第二感应探头13的封盖103的壁厚均为1mm。
如图5所示，第一感应探头12的封盖103的开口端与第一感应探头12的第一端(图中指的第一感应探头12的左端)连通，并且，第一感应探头12的封盖103的开口端与第一感应探头12的第一端之间的间隙可以不大于1mm；第二感应探头13的封盖103的开口端与第二感应探头13的第一端连通，并且，第二感应探头13的封盖103的开口端与第二感应探头13的第一端(图中指的第二感应探头13的左端)之间的间隙可以不大于1mm，一方面减少封盖103与感应探头产生摩擦，另一方面降低封盖103与感应探头之间的间隙过大造成第一驱动机构11和第二驱动机构14的输出轴裸露在外的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，上述实施例中，每个所述第一指型电极101和每个所述第二指型电极102形成的各个电极对的两端分别套设有第一绝缘护层1011和第二绝缘护层1012。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘护层1011和第二绝缘护层1021可以均为空心圆柱状结构。在一些实施例中，第一绝缘护层1011和第二绝缘护层1021的壁厚可以为1mm，第一绝缘护层1011和第二绝缘护层1021的高均可以不小于第一指型电极101的第一连接部104或第二指型电极102的第二连接部105的高度，一方面将第一连接部104和第二连接部105紧固在支撑体100上，另一方面用来隔离第一指型电极101和第二指型电极102，避免第一指型电极101的第一连接部104和第二指型电极102的第二连接部105同时出现在同一电场中。在一些实施例中，将各第一指型电极101和各第二指型电极102以交叉方式装配成空心圆柱，随后，将支承体100同轴塞入该空心圆柱内，形成一端开口的圆柱体空腔结构，并用螺栓或胶水将其紧固，然后，将两个电极绝缘护层分别套在该圆柱体空腔结构的首尾两端。
继续参阅图5，上述实施例中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块1还包括：第一参考信号发生单元17和第二参考信号发生单元18；其中，所述第一参考信号发生单元17设置在所述第一汇流环15的一侧，且与所述绝缘支撑架10的第一侧壁a的外表面相连接，用以产生与 所述第一感应探头12产生的感应电流同频率的方波信号；所述第二参考信号发生单元18设置在所述第二汇流环16的一侧，且与所述绝缘支撑架10的第二侧壁b的外表面相连接，用以产生与所述第二感应探头13产生的感应电流同频率的方波信号。
实施时，第一参考信号发生单元17可以固定在绝缘支撑架10的第一侧壁的外部；第二参考信号发生单元18可以固定在绝缘支撑架10的第二侧壁的外部。
其中：所述第一参考信号发生单元17包括：第一光电传感器171和第一同步光栅172；其中，所述第一光电传感器171设置在所述绝缘支撑架10的第一侧壁外部，且所述第一光电传感器171的光电槽开口方向朝向所述第一输出轴；所述第一同步光栅172垂直设置在所述第一输出轴上，且所述第一同步光栅172正对所述第一光电传感器171的光电槽口设置。
在一些实施例中，第一光电传感器171连接在绝缘支撑架10的第一侧壁外部，其光电槽开口朝向第一输出轴，第一同步光栅172垂直设置在第一输出轴上，且对准第一光电传感器171的电槽口中心设置。第一同步光栅172同轴设置在第一输出轴上。也就是说，第一输出轴上沿输出轴的出口方向依次同轴设置有第一同步光栅172、第一汇流环15和第一感应探头12的封盖103。
所述第二参考信号发生单元18包括：第二光电传感器181和第二同步光栅182；其中，所述第二光电传感器181设置在所述绝缘支撑架10的第二侧壁外部，且所述第二光电传感器181的光电槽开口方向朝向所述第二输出轴；所述第二同步光栅182垂直设置在所述第二输出轴上，且所述第二同步光栅182正对所述第二光电传感器181的光电槽口设置。
在一些实施例中，第二光电传感器181连接在绝缘支撑架10的第二侧壁外部，其光电槽开口朝向第二输出轴，第二同步光栅182垂直设置在第二输出轴上，且对准第二光电传感器181的电槽口中心设置。第二同步光栅182同轴设置在第二输出轴上。也就是说，第二输出轴上沿输出轴的出口方向依次同轴设置有第二同步光栅182、第二汇流环16和第二感应探头13的封盖103。
本实施例的工作原理为：第一驱动机构11驱动第一感应探头12在电场中以第一预设转速旋转，第二驱动机构14驱动第二感应探头13在电场中以第二预设转速旋转，第一感应探头12和第二感应探头13上的多个电极对电场线进行切割，在其表面产生随时间变化的感应电荷，在导线中产生电流，该电流经汇流环进入信号处理电路22；信号处理电路22的I-V转换子电路将电流转换成电压，随后经放大与滤波子电路，将电压信号进行处理，获得正弦波电压信号，该信号频率与第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13的角速度相关。同时，在第一驱动机构11或第二驱动机构14的驱动下，第一同步光栅172或第二同步光栅 182旋转产生与前述正弦波电压信号同频率的方波信号。正弦波电压信号与方波信号经相敏检波子电路处理后，产生全波整流电压信号。如果该全波整流电压信号是幅值大于等于零的正半周信号，则说明测量电场为正电场；如果该全波整流电压信号是负半周信号，则说明测量电场为负电场。全波整流电压信号经低通滤波子电路处理后，输出直流电压信号，该信号即为第一感应探头12或第二感应探头13的输出信号。
综上，本公开实施例提供的悬浮场磨仪，通过设置具有多个电极对的第一感应探头和第二感应探头对空间电场进行切割，从而产生较高频率的感应电流信号，大大提升了场磨仪输出信号的频率，在提高测量精度的同时降低了场磨仪的制造与维护成本；有利于减少仪器损耗，延长仪器的使用寿命；将信号处理模块设置在悬浮电场差分感应模块的底部作为整个装置的支撑，提高了场磨仪的结构稳定性；此外，设置悬浮电场隔离模块，对信号处理模块和悬浮电场差分感应模块进行隔离密封，可以降低电场对悬浮场磨仪内部部件造成的干扰，有利于进一步提高测量精度。
另一方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种利用上述各实施例中的悬浮场磨仪对空间电场进行测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，利用悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第一驱动机构以第一预设转速驱动具有若干电极对的第一感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第一感应电流；利用悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第二驱动机构以不同于第一预设转速的第二预设转速驱动具有若干电极对的第二感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第二感应电流.
在一些实施例中，所述第一感应电流或所述第二感应电流与所述空间电场的强度之间的关系如下：
其中，ic为第一感应电流或第二感应电流；a为多第一感应探头或第二感应探头的半径；L为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的转速；E为空间电场的电场强度；Q为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的感应电荷量；t为时间；k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量；N为第一感应探头或第二 感应探头中电极对的个数，且N大于等于1；当N大于等于2时，感应探头获得的输出信号频率是传统悬浮场磨仪输出信号频率的2倍以上，从而有利于提高悬浮场磨仪的测量范围和精度。
由于N为偶数时，在空间电场下，会出现第一感应探头和第二感应探头上相邻两个电极为同一极性的情况，这样会导致输出信号为非正弦波形，难以从感应探头输出提取出有效的感应信号，因此，本实施例中的N为奇数。
上述三式，针对N分别取1、5、9、13……；3，7，11，……的情况进行分类计算，有效排除了N为偶数的情况，使得计算的结果更加精确，为场磨仪测量电场参数提供了理论指导与依据。
步骤S2，利用信号处理模块将所述第一感应电流和所述第二感应电流分别转化为预设幅值范围的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号。
在一些实施例中，为了计算方便，将感应电流经过相应的电流-电压转换子电路转化为电压信号。
步骤S3，基于所述第一直流电压信号和所述第二直流电压信号之间的差异值计算所述空间电场的测量值。
在一些实施例中，所述空间电场的测量值根据下式确定：

其中，E为空间电场的电场强度；ka为电流-电压转换系数；U1和U2分别为第一感应探头和第二感应探头输出电压信号的幅值；a为多第一感应探头或第二感应探头的半径；L为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω1和ω2分别为第一感应探头和第二感应探头的转速；N为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极对的个数，且N为大于等于1的正整数；k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。
方法实施例与上述装置实施例中的相关之处可互相参照。
综上，本公开实施例提供的空间电场的测量方法，通过悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构分别以不同转速驱动具有若干电极对的第一感应探头和第二感应探头，以通过电极对切割电场，产生不同的第一感应电流和第二感应电流，利用信号处 理模块将第一感应电流和第二感应电流分别转化为预设幅值范围的直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号，基于第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号之间的差异值计算空间电场的测量值，为浮场磨仪测量空间电场值提供了理论依据，有利于提高空间电场值的测量精度。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本公开实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本公开实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本公开实施例的这些修改和变型属于本公开实施例权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本公开实施例也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种悬浮场磨仪，包括：悬浮电场差分感应模块、信号处理模块、悬浮电场隔离模块和上位机；其中，
    所述悬浮电场差分感应模块中具有第一感应探头和第二感应探头，所述第一感应探头和所述第二感应探头均具有若干电极对；
    所述悬浮电场差分感应模块中还具有第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构；所述第一驱动机构与所述第一感应探头相连，用于以第一预设转速驱动所述第一感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第一感应电流；所述第二驱动机构与所述第二感应探头相连，用于以不同于所述第一预设转速的第二预设转速驱动所述第二感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第二感应电流；
    所述信号处理模块设置在所述悬浮电场差分感应模块底部，用以为所述悬浮电场差分感应模块提供底部支撑，并将所述悬浮电场差分感应模块产生的所述第一感应电流信号和第二感应电流信号分别转换成预设幅值范围的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号；
    所述上位机与所述信号处理模块连接，用以接收所述信号处理模块发送的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号，并根据所述第一直流电压信号和所述第二直流电压信号的差异值确定空间电场的测量值；
    所述悬浮电场隔离模块设置在所述信号处理模块上方，并盖设于所述悬浮电场差分感应模块的顶部，用以密封所述信号处理模块及所述悬浮电场差分感应模块。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块包括：绝缘支撑架、第一驱动机构、第二驱动机构、第一感应探头和第二感应探头；其中，
    所述第一驱动机构和所述第二驱动机构间隔设置在所述绝缘支撑架的底壁上，所述第一驱动机构的第一输出轴和所述第二驱动机构的第二输出轴分别穿过所述绝缘支撑架中相对设置的两侧壁并向外延伸；
    所述第一感应探头和所述第二感应探头分别同轴套接在所述第一输出轴和所述第二输出轴位于所述绝缘支撑架外侧的部分；
    所述第一输出轴上远离所述绝缘支撑架的一端设置有第一汇流环，所述第一汇流环位于所述第一感应探头的内部，并与所述第一感应探头电连接，用以将所述第一感应探头产生的感应电流传输至所述信号处理模块中；所述第二输出轴上远离所述绝缘支撑架的一端设置有第二汇流环；所述第二汇流环位于所述第二感应探头内部，并与所述第二感应探头电连接，用以将所述第二感应探头产生的感应电流传输至所述信号处理模块中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述悬浮电场差分感应模块还包括：第一参考信号发生单元和第二参考信号发生单元；其中，
    所述第一参考信号发生单元设置在所述第一汇流环的一侧，且与所述绝缘支撑架的第一侧壁的外表面相连接，用以产生与所述第一感应探头产生的感应电流同频率的方波信号；
    所述第二参考信号发生单元设置在所述第二汇流环的一侧，且与所述绝缘支撑架的第二侧壁的外表面相连接，用以产生与所述第二感应探头产生的感应电流同频率的方波信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述第一参考信号发生单元包括：第一光电传感器和第一同步光栅；其中，
    所述第一光电传感器设置在所述绝缘支撑架的第一侧壁外部，且所述第一光电传感器的光电槽开口方向朝向所述第一输出轴；所述第一同步光栅垂直设置在所述第一输出轴上，且所述第一同步光栅正对所述第一光电传感器的光电槽口设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述第二参考信号发生单元包括：第二光电传感器和第二同步光栅；其中，
    所述第二光电传感器设置在所述绝缘支撑架的第二侧壁外部，且所述第二光电传感器的光电槽开口方向朝向所述第二输出轴；所述第二同步光栅垂直设置在所述第二输出轴上，且所述第二同步光栅正对所述第二光电传感器的光电槽口设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述第一感应探头和所述第二感应探头均包括：支撑体、成对设置的第一指型电极和第二指型电极；其中，
    所述支撑体呈中空柱状结构，其一端开口，该开口端朝向所述悬浮电场差分感应模块的绝缘支撑架的侧壁设置；所述支撑体的另一端设置有封盖；
    各所述第一指型电极和各所述第二指型电极相间设置在所述支撑体的外壁上；
    各所述第一指型电极的一端设置有第一连接部，用以将各所述第一指型电极串联起来；
    各所述第二指型电极上与所述第一连接部相对的一端设置有第二连接部，用以将各所述第二指型电极串联起来。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述第一指型电极和所述第二指型电极均呈矩形、三角形、椭圆形或梯形。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述第一指型电极与所述第二指型电极之间、所述第一连接部与所述第一指型电极、所述第二连接部与所述第一指型电极之间均具有预设间隙。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8任一项所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，每个所述第一指型电极和每个所述第二指型电极形成的各个电极对的两端分别套设有第一绝缘护层和第二绝缘护层。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的悬浮场磨仪，其中，所述信号处理模块包括：绝缘外壳及置于所述绝缘外壳内的信号处理电路、电源转换电路、可充电电池和无线通信电路；其中，
    所述绝缘外壳为一端开口的箱体结构，其上开设有若干连接孔，用以与所述悬浮电场差分感应模块相连接；
    电源转换电路的输入端与所述可充电电池连接，以将其中输出的电压信号转换成预设幅值的电压信号；
    所述电源转换电路的输出端分别与所述信号处理电路、所述无线通信电路、所述第一驱动机构和所述第二驱动机构电气连接，用于向各部件传输电能；
    所述信号处理电路的输入端与所述悬浮电场差分感应模块连接，所述信号处理电路的输出端与所述无线通信电路连接，用于将所述悬浮电场差分感应模块产生的感应电流信号转换预设幅值范围的直流电压信号，并将该直流电压信号传输至所述无线通信电路；
    所述无线通信电路与所述上位机相连，用以将所述直流电压信号传输至所述上位机。
  11. 一种利用如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的悬浮场磨仪对空间电场进行测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
    利用悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第一驱动机构以第一预设转速驱动具有若干电极对的第一感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第一感应电流；利用悬浮电场差分感应模块中的第二驱动机构以不同于第一预设转速的第二预设转速驱动具有若干电极对的第二感应探头在空间电场中旋转，以产生第二感应电流；
    利用信号处理模块将所述第一感应电流和所述第二感应电流分别转化为预设幅值范围的第一直流电压信号和第二直流电压信号；
    基于所述第一直流电压信号和所述第二直流电压信号之间的差异值计算所述空间电场的测量值。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的悬浮场磨仪对空间电场进行测量的方法，其中，所述空间电场的测量值根据下式确定：

    其中，E为空间电场的电场强度；ka为电流-电压转换系数；U1和U2分别为第一感应 探头和第二感应探头输出电压信号的幅值；a为多第一感应探头或第二感应探头的半径；L为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω1和ω2分别为第一感应探头和第二感应探头的转速；N为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极对的个数，且N为大于等于1的正整数；k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的悬浮场磨仪对空间电场进行测量的方法，其中，所述第一感应电流或所述第二感应电流与所述空间电场的电场强度之间的关系如下：
    其中，ic为第一感应电流或第二感应电流；a为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的半径；L为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极的长度；ε0为真空介电常数；ω为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的转速；E为空间电场的电场强度；Q为第一感应探头或第二感应探头的感应电荷量；t为时间；N为第一感应探头或第二感应探头中电极对的个数，N为大于等于1的正整数；k为与电极对个数N相关的无量纲自增量。
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CN112067910A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-12-11 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种圆柱形空域电场传感器及其空间电场强度测量方法及系统
CN112067909A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-12-11 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种差分双探头结构的电场传感器及其合成电场的测量方法及系统
CN114200199A (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-18 电子科技大学 一种基于多级板差分探头的非接触式电压测量装置
CN115993467A (zh) * 2022-05-17 2023-04-21 中国电力科学研究院有限公司武汉分院 一种悬浮场磨装置及空间直流合成电场测量方法
CN116106645A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2023-05-12 中国电力科学研究院有限公司武汉分院 一种两级感应结构串联型悬浮场磨探头

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CN120314661A (zh) * 2025-02-18 2025-07-15 国网河南省电力公司 电场测量时电荷积聚消除方法、系统、设备及存储介质
CN120044295A (zh) * 2025-02-20 2025-05-27 北京中科飞龙传感技术有限责任公司 硬压板监测设备及硬压板监测方法

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