WO2024251145A1 - 一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具 - Google Patents

一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024251145A1
WO2024251145A1 PCT/CN2024/097483 CN2024097483W WO2024251145A1 WO 2024251145 A1 WO2024251145 A1 WO 2024251145A1 CN 2024097483 W CN2024097483 W CN 2024097483W WO 2024251145 A1 WO2024251145 A1 WO 2024251145A1
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Prior art keywords
imaging light
light
eye imaging
lens
dimensional
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/097483
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李伟武
王金蕾
刘欣
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Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2024251145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251145A1/zh
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/33—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving directional light or back-light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G02B2027/0134—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems of stereoscopic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0143—Head-up displays characterised by optical features the two eyes not being equipped with identical nor symmetrical optical devices

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of image display, and in particular to a three-dimensional display device, a three-dimensional projection light source, and a vehicle.
  • the augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) with three-dimensional (3D) display function aims to display the driving-related information of the vehicle in the form of a virtual image in front of the vehicle.
  • the virtual image can be superimposed on the road scene (such as roads, buildings, pedestrians, etc.) to achieve a 3D display effect.
  • the AR-HUD with 3D display function includes a liquid crystal display and an imaging light path, which is used to project imaging light emitted by the liquid crystal display into the driver's eyes and form a 3D image displayed in front of the vehicle in the driver's brain.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a three-dimensional display device, a three-dimensional projection light source, and a vehicle, which can reduce the risk of sunlight backflow, thereby improving the imaging clarity and service life of the three-dimensional display device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a three-dimensional display device, including a projector, a three-dimensional optical module, and a curved mirror; the projector is used to project imaging light to the three-dimensional optical module; the three-dimensional optical module is used to converge left-eye imaging light and right-eye imaging light to the curved mirror according to the imaging light, wherein the left-eye imaging light and the right-eye imaging light are obtained by diffusing and splitting the imaging light; the curved mirror is used to reflect the left-eye imaging light and the right-eye imaging light, and the transmission direction of the left-eye imaging light reflected by the curved mirror is different from the transmission direction of the right-eye imaging light, and the left-eye imaging light reflected by the curved mirror is projected to the left eye of the driver, and the right-eye imaging light reflected by the curved mirror is projected to the right eye of the driver.
  • the left-eye imaging light and the right-eye imaging light are synthesized in the driver's brain to form a three-dimensional virtual image
  • the heat generated by the light will not act on the projector or the heat acting on the projector will be low. Since the light is mainly irradiated on the three-dimensional optical module, the light will not produce bright spots on the projector, effectively improving the clarity of the imaging beam emitted by the projector. Moreover, the light will not dramatically increase the temperature of the projector, effectively avoiding the situation where the projector is burned due to excessive temperature.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a diffusion screen, a lens and a spectrometer, and the distances between the diffusion screen, the lens and the spectrometer and the projector increase successively; the diffusion screen is used to diffuse the received imaging light to the lens; the lens is used to converge the received imaging light to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to split the received imaging light into the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light, and project the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light onto the curved mirror.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in the present invention can ensure the successful imaging of a three-dimensional virtual image.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a lens, a spectrometer and a diffusion screen, and the distances between the lens, the spectrometer and the diffusion screen and the projector increase successively; the lens is used to converge the received imaging light to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to split the received imaging light into the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light, and project the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light to the diffusion screen; the diffusion screen is used to diffuse the received left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light to the curved mirror respectively.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in the present invention can ensure the successful imaging of a three-dimensional virtual image.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a lens, a diffusion screen and a light splitting device, and the The distances between the lens, the diffusion screen, the spectrometer and the projector increase in sequence; the lens is used to converge the received imaging light to the diffusion screen; the diffusion screen is used to diffuse the received imaging light to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to split the received imaging light into the left-eye imaging light and the right-eye imaging light, and project the left-eye imaging light and the right-eye imaging light onto the curved screen.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in the present invention can ensure the successful imaging of a three-dimensional virtual image.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes three optical devices, the three optical devices include the lens, the diffuser screen and the light splitter, and a light-transmitting filling layer is provided between any two adjacent optical devices among the three optical devices.
  • the filling layer is deposited by optical glue, and the filling layer can ensure that the three-dimensional optical module becomes an integral device.
  • the three-dimensional optical module as an integral device can successfully ensure that the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light emitted from the three-dimensional optical module are projected to the left eye and the right eye, ensuring that the three-dimensional virtual image can be successfully imaged.
  • the horizontal diffusion angle of the diffuser screen is smaller than the vertical diffusion angle, wherein the horizontal diffusion angle of the diffuser screen is the angle between the incident light and the emergent light along the horizontal plane, and the vertical diffusion angle of the diffuser screen is the angle between the incident light and the emergent light along the vertical plane, wherein the incident light is the light incident on the diffuser screen, and the emergent light is the light emitted from the diffuser screen.
  • the crosstalk caused by the diffusion screen on the light splitting device is effectively reduced, and the clarity of the three-dimensional virtual image is improved.
  • the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusion screen on the imaging light along the vertical plane can ensure that the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light are successfully projected to the left eye and the right eye when the driver's eyes move along the vertical plane.
  • a horizontal diffusion angle of the diffusion screen is zero degree.
  • the horizontal diffusion angle of the diffusion screen is zero degree, the crosstalk caused by the diffusion screen on the light splitting device can be avoided, thereby improving the clarity of the three-dimensional virtual image.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a lens, wherein the position of the left eye and the position of the right eye are related to at least one of a first distance, a second distance and a focal length of the lens; the left eye is used to receive the left eye imaging light, and the right eye is used to receive the right eye imaging light, the first distance is the distance between the projector lens and the three-dimensional optical module, and the second distance is the distance between a line between the left eye and the right eye and the three-dimensional optical module.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a lens, wherein the focal length of the lens is related to at least one of a first distance and a second distance, the first distance being the distance between the projector lens and the three-dimensional optical module, and the second distance being the distance between a line between the left eye and the right eye and the three-dimensional optical module.
  • the three-dimensional display device satisfies condition 2, and condition 2 is f1 is the focal length of the lens.
  • the successful imaging of the three-dimensional virtual image is effectively guaranteed.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a spectrometer, wherein the focal length of the spectrometer is related to at least one of a second distance, a width of a submodule of the spectrometer in a horizontal plane, and a width of a target area in a horizontal plane, and the submodule is used to split a beam of the imaging light into one left eye imaging light and one right eye imaging light; a left eye for receiving the left eye imaging light and a right eye for receiving the right eye imaging light move within the target area.
  • the focal length of the spectrometer when the focal length of the spectrometer is related to at least one of the second distance, the width of the submodule of the spectrometer in the horizontal plane, and the width of the target area in the horizontal plane, when the driver's eyes move in the target area, it can ensure that the left eye imaging light is projected to the left eye and the right eye imaging light is projected to the right eye.
  • the three-dimensional display device satisfies condition 3, which is: Wherein, f is the focal length of the light splitting device, d2 is the second distance, p is the width of the submodule of the light splitting device in the horizontal plane XY, and W * is the width of the target area in the horizontal plane XY.
  • the projector is used to modulate driving-related information into imaging light.
  • the driving-related information is one or more of advanced driving assistance system ADAS information, main data on the vehicle dashboard (fuel consumption, engine speed, temperature, etc.), vehicle speed information, steering wheel angle information, navigation information, or vehicle body posture data.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a diffusion screen, a lens and a spectrometer, and the distances between the diffusion screen, the lens and the spectrometer and the projector increase successively; the diffusion screen is used to diffuse the received imaging light to the lens; the lens is used to converge the received imaging light to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to split the received imaging light into the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes a lens, a spectrometer and a diffusion screen, and the distances between the lens, the spectrometer and the diffusion screen and the projector increase successively; the lens is used to converge the received imaging light to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to split the received imaging light into the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light, and project the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light to the diffusion screen; the diffusion screen is used to diffuse the received left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light respectively.
  • the present application provides a vehicle comprising a windshield and a three-dimensional display device as described in any one of the first aspects above; the windshield is used to reflect the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light from the curved mirror, the transmission direction of the left eye imaging light reflected by the windshield is different from the transmission direction of the right eye imaging light, and the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light reflected by the windshield are used to form a three-dimensional virtual image.
  • FIG2 is a partial structural diagram of an embodiment of a three-dimensional display device provided by the present application.
  • FIG4 is a diagram showing an example of light splitting of a light splitting module provided in the present application.
  • FIG5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the structure of the three-dimensional optical module shown in FIG2;
  • FIG6 is a structural diagram of a third embodiment of the three-dimensional optical module shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG7 is an imaging example diagram of a three-dimensional optical module provided in the present application.
  • FIG8 is a first exemplary diagram of a 3D display device forming a 3D virtual image when the human eye moves;
  • FIG9 is a second example diagram of a 3D display device forming a 3D virtual image when a human eye moves;
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit connection example diagram of the three-dimensional display device provided in the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a three-dimensional display device.
  • the three-dimensional display device can reduce the risk of sunlight backflow, thereby improving the imaging clarity and service life of the three-dimensional display device.
  • This embodiment takes the application of the three-dimensional display device to the vehicle field as an example. It should be clear that the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment can be applied to any means of transportation.
  • the means of transportation can be a known means of transportation such as a car, an airplane, a ship, a rocket, or a new means of transportation that will appear in the future.
  • the car can be an electric car, a fuel car or a hybrid car, for example, a pure electric car, an extended-range electric car, a hybrid electric car, a fuel cell car, a new energy car, etc., and this application does not make specific limitations on this.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment includes a projector 101 , a three-dimensional optical module 102 , and a curved mirror 103 .
  • the three-dimensional optical module 102 diffuses the received imaging light 111 to obtain diffused imaging light.
  • the imaging light 111 emitted from the projector 101 is collimated light
  • the three-dimensional optical module 102 diffuses the received imaging light 111, which means that the imaging light 111 is diffusely reflected, so that the imaging light is reflected, refracted, scattered and absorbed multiple times to emit diffused imaging light, so as to ensure that the brightness of the diffused imaging light is uniform.
  • the three-dimensional optical module 102 converges the diffused imaging light to obtain the converged imaging light.
  • the converged imaging light can improve the clarity of the 3D virtual image displayed by the three-dimensional display device.
  • the three-dimensional optical module 102 splits the converged imaging light to output the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment can project the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 output by the three-dimensional optical module and with different transmission directions to the left eye and the right eye of the driver respectively. In this way, the left-eye imaging light 112 and the right-eye imaging light 113 are synthesized in the driver's brain to form a 3D image displayed in front of the vehicle.
  • Example 2 First, the three-dimensional optical module 102 converges the imaging light 111 to obtain converged imaging light. Secondly, the three-dimensional optical module splits the converged imaging light to obtain left-eye imaging light and right-eye imaging light. Thirdly, the three-dimensional optical module 102 diffuses the left-eye imaging light and the right-eye imaging light respectively, so that the three-dimensional optical module 102 can output diffused left-eye imaging light 112 and right-eye imaging light 113.
  • convergence, splitting and diffusion shown in Example 2 please refer to Example 1, and the details will not be repeated here.
  • Example 3 First, the three-dimensional optical module 102 converges the imaging light 111 to obtain converged imaging light. Second, the three-dimensional optical module 102 diffuses the imaging light to output diffused imaging light. Third, the three-dimensional optical module 102 splits the diffused imaging light to output left-eye imaging light 112 and right-eye imaging light 113.
  • convergence, diffusion, and splitting shown in Example 3 please refer to Example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
  • a three-dimensional display device including a curved mirror 103 is used as an example.
  • the curved mirror 103 amplifies the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 from the three-dimensional optical module 102, and reflects them to the windshield 104 of the vehicle.
  • the windshield 104 reflects the left eye imaging light 112 to the left eye of the driver, and reflects the right eye imaging light 113 to the right eye of the driver.
  • the concave surface of the curved mirror 103 shown in this embodiment serves as a reflecting surface, which is used to amplify the light spots of the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 from the three-dimensional display device.
  • the projector 101 emits imaging light 111 according to the displayed source image
  • the curved mirror 103 reflects the imaging light from the projector 101.
  • 111 is zoomed out to achieve zooming out of the source image.
  • the left eye and right eye of the driver receive the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 respectively, so as to observe the magnified 3D virtual image, wherein the 3D virtual image is actually a virtual image formed by the intersection of the reverse extension lines of the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 reflected by the windshield 104.
  • This embodiment does not limit the optical path of the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 emitted by the three-dimensional optical module 102 and projected to the left eye and the right eye of the driver.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment includes a plurality of curved mirrors, and the left eye imaging light 112 and the right eye imaging light 113 are sequentially reflected by the plurality of curved mirrors to the windshield 104.
  • the projector is used as the light source. Due to the reversibility of the light path, the light outside the vehicle passes through the windshield 104 and the curved mirror 103 in sequence, and mainly irradiates the three-dimensional optical module 102. Therefore, the heat generated by the light will not act on the projector 101 or the heat acting on the projector 101 is low. Since the light is mainly irradiated on the three-dimensional optical module 102, the light will not generate bright spots on the projector 101, which effectively improves the clarity of the imaging light beam 111 emitted by the projector 101. In addition, the light will not dramatically increase the temperature of the projector 101, effectively avoiding the situation where the projector is burned due to excessive temperature.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment is applied to a vehicle. It can be understood that the projector shown in this embodiment modulates the driving-related information into imaging light, which is projected to the front of the driver's field of vision after being magnified by a curved mirror.
  • the driving-related information may be information of an advanced driving assistance system (ADAS), main data on the vehicle dashboard (fuel consumption, engine speed, temperature, etc.), vehicle speed information, steering wheel angle information, navigation information or vehicle body posture data, etc., which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • ADAS advanced driving assistance system
  • the 3D virtual image seen by the driver in front of the field of vision is used to display driving-related information, and there is no need to look down at the dashboard or central control display screen under the steering wheel, thereby improving the braking reaction time in an emergency and improving driving safety.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment can display driving-related information in 3D, the efficiency and clarity of the display of driving-related information are improved.
  • the three-dimensional display device can switch the 3D virtual image to different virtual image positions for display, wherein the 3D virtual images displayed at different virtual image positions have different virtual image distances (virtual image distance, VID).
  • the VID of the 3D virtual image refers to the distance between the 3D virtual image and the human eye.
  • the three-dimensional display device can switch the 3D virtual image to different VID positions for display according to different types of driving related information, so as to improve the display efficiency of driving related information.
  • FIG2 is a partial structural example diagram of an embodiment of a three-dimensional display device provided in the present application.
  • the projector 101 shown in this embodiment includes a light source 201 and a projector lens 202.
  • the light source 201 modulates a projection beam (white light) to output imaging light 111.
  • the light source 201 projects the imaging light to the projector lens 202.
  • the projector lens 202 is used to project the imaging light outward, and it can be a short-focus lens.
  • the light source 201 in this embodiment can be a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a digital light processing (DLP) display, or a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) display.
  • LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • DLP digital light processing
  • MEMS micro-electro-mechanical systems
  • FIG3 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of the structure of the three-dimensional optical module shown in FIG2.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in this embodiment includes a diffusion screen 301, a lens 302, and a light splitter 303, wherein the distances between the diffusion screen 301, the lens 302, and the light splitter 303 and the projector 101 are increased in sequence.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in this embodiment is used to implement the processing of imaging light shown in the above-mentioned Example 1, and the specific details are not repeated.
  • the diffuser screen 301 has a horizontal diffusion angle, which is the angle between the incident light and the outgoing light along the horizontal plane XY.
  • the horizontal plane XY shown in this embodiment refers to a plane that includes the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the line between the two eyes is parallel to the second direction Y.
  • the perspective shown in FIG1 is a side view of the cockpit, so the driver's two eyes are in a coincidence state under the perspective along the second direction Y.
  • the first direction X is a horizontal direction away from or close to the steering wheel.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the incident light incident on the diffuser screen 301 is the imaging light emitted by the projector, and the outgoing light is the imaging light emitted by the diffuser screen 301.
  • the diffuser screen 301 has a vertical diffusion angle, which is the angle between the incident light and the outgoing light along the vertical plane YZ.
  • the vertical plane YZ shown in this example refers to a plane that includes the second direction Y and the third direction Z, wherein the third direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y, respectively.
  • the spectrometer 303 included in the three-dimensional optical module is used to project the left-eye imaging light to the left eye of the driver along the horizontal plane XY, and to project the right-eye imaging light to the right eye of the driver along the horizontal plane XY. If the diffuser 301 has a large horizontal diffusion angle for the imaging light in the horizontal plane XY, then the diffuser 301 will cause crosstalk to the deflection of the imaging light by the spectrometer 303 along the horizontal plane XY, thereby reducing the clarity of the 3D virtual image.
  • the horizontal diffusion angle of the diffuser 301 shown in this embodiment is smaller than the vertical diffusion angle, which effectively reduces the crosstalk caused by the diffuser 301 causing the deflection of the spectrometer 303 along the horizontal plane XY. Interference.
  • the horizontal diffusion angle of the diffuser 301 shown in this embodiment is not greater than plus or minus 5 degrees (for example, the deflection of the diffuser 301 in the horizontal plane XY along the clockwise direction is defined as a positive angle, and the deflection in the counterclockwise direction is defined as a negative angle).
  • This embodiment takes the horizontal diffusion angle of zero degrees as an example.
  • the vertical diffusion angle of the diffuser 301 for the imaging light along the vertical plane YZ can ensure that when the driver's eyes move along the vertical plane YZ, the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light can be successfully projected to the left eye and the right eye.
  • This embodiment takes the vertical diffusion angle of the diffuser 301 as ⁇ 15° and the horizontal diffusion angle as ⁇ 1° as an example.
  • the lens 302 that plays a converging role in this embodiment can be made of a transparent optical material or a liquid crystal material. This embodiment does not limit the material of the lens 302, as long as the lens 302 can converge the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light to the left eye and the right eye of the driver. If the lens 302 is made of a liquid crystal material, then the focal length of the lens 302 can be adjusted by electrical control.
  • This embodiment takes the three-dimensional optical module including a lens 302 as an example. In other examples, the three-dimensional optical module may include multiple lenses 302 to achieve the convergence of imaging light.
  • the spectroscopic device 303 shown in this embodiment may be a cylindrical lens array.
  • the cylindrical lens array may also be referred to as a cylindrical lens grating.
  • the spectroscopic device 303 may also be a liquid crystal array, which uses an electric field to control the arrangement state of the liquid crystals included in the liquid crystal array to achieve the deflection direction of the left eye imaging light and the right eye imaging light.
  • FIG. 4 is an example diagram of the spectroscopic module provided in the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example in which the spectroscopic module 303 is a cylindrical lens array.
  • the imaging light emitted by the projector has modulated the source image
  • the source image includes a pixel array, in which the odd-numbered columns of pixels in the pixel array are modulated on the first imaging light 401, and the even-numbered columns of pixels in the pixel array are modulated on the second imaging light 402.
  • the cylindrical lens array includes a plurality of submodules, each of which is used to deflect a first imaging light 401 and a second imaging light 402. After the first imaging light 401 passes through the diffusion screen 301 and the lens 302 in sequence, it is incident on the submodule of the spectroscopic device 303 at a first incident angle.
  • the second imaging light 402 After the second imaging light 402 passes through the diffusion screen 301 and the lens 302 in sequence, it enters the submodule of the spectroscopic device 303 at the second incident angle.
  • the first incident angle shown in this embodiment is the angle at which the first imaging light 401 enters the submodule along the horizontal plane XY.
  • the second incident angle is the angle at which the second imaging light 402 enters the submodule along the horizontal plane XY.
  • the submodule deflects the transmission direction of the first imaging light incident at the first incident angle along the horizontal plane XY direction, and emits the left eye imaging light 403 at the first exit angle.
  • the submodule deflects the transmission direction of the second imaging light incident at the second incident angle along the horizontal plane XY direction, and emits the right eye imaging light 403 at the second exit angle.
  • the first exit angle shown in this embodiment is different from the second exit angle, and ensures that the left eye imaging light 403 emitted at the first exit angle can be projected to the left eye of the driver, and the right eye imaging light 404 emitted at the second exit angle can be projected to the right eye of the driver.
  • FIG5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the structure of the three-dimensional optical module shown in FIG2.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in this embodiment includes a lens 501, a spectrometer 502, and a diffuser 503, wherein the distances between the lens 501, the spectrometer 502, and the diffuser 503 and the projector 101 are increased in sequence.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in this embodiment is used to implement the processing of the imaging light shown in the above-mentioned Example 2, and the specific details are not repeated.
  • the description of the three optical devices of the lens 501, the spectrometer 502, and the diffuser 503, please refer to the corresponding description of FIG3, and the specific details are not repeated.
  • FIG6 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the structure of the three-dimensional optical module shown in FIG2.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in this embodiment includes a lens 601, a diffuser screen 602, and a spectrometer 603, wherein the distances between the lens 601, the diffuser screen 602, and the spectrometer 603 and the projector 101 are increased in sequence.
  • the three-dimensional optical module shown in this embodiment is used to implement the processing of the imaging light shown in the above-mentioned Example 3, and the specific details are not repeated.
  • the description of the three optical devices of the lens 601, the diffuser screen 602, and the spectrometer 603, please refer to the corresponding description of FIG3, and the specific details are not repeated.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes three optical devices, which include a lens, a diffuser screen and a spectrometer.
  • the three optical devices there is a light-transmitting filling layer between two adjacent optical devices at any position.
  • the filling layer shown in this embodiment can be deposited by optical glue, and the filling layer can ensure that the three-dimensional optical module becomes an integral device.
  • the optical glue can be ultraviolet (UV) embossed glue.
  • the three-dimensional optical module includes an optical path of three optical devices, which will not change due to the position offset between the three optical devices. That is, the three-dimensional optical module is guaranteed to be an integral device through the filling layer. During actual use, the position of the optical device (at least one of the lens, the diffuser, and the spectrometer) will not be offset, resulting in a change in the optical path.
  • the three-dimensional display device needs to meet the following three conditions:
  • the condition 1 is that the focal length of the projector is related to the first distance, and the first distance is the distance between the projector lens and the three-dimensional optical module. Specifically, the condition 1 is As shown in FIG3 , d 0 is the distance between the light source 201 of the projector and the projector lens 202. The first distance d 1 is the distance between the projector lens 202 and the three-dimensional optical module. f 0 is the focal length of the projector lens 202.
  • the first distance d 1 between the three-dimensional optical module and the projector, and the distance d 0 between the light source 201 of the projector and the projector lens 202 are both positive values, indicating that the first distance d 1 and the distance d 0 between the light source 201 of the projector and the projector lens 202 are both located on the same side of the three-dimensional optical module.
  • the condition 2 is that the focal length f 1 of the lens is related to at least one of the first distance d 1 and the second distance d 2. If the lens is a concave lens, the focal length f 1 of the lens is a negative value. If the lens is a convex lens, the focal length f 1 of the lens is a positive value. Specifically, the condition 2 is: For the description of the first distance d1 , please refer to condition 1, and the details are not repeated here.
  • the second distance d2 is the distance between the line between the left eye and the right eye of the driver along the second direction Y and the three-dimensional optical module. In this embodiment, the second distance d2 is a negative value to indicate that the second distance d2 and the first distance d1 are located on different sides of the three-dimensional optical module.
  • the condition 3 is that the focal length f of the light splitting device is related to at least one of the second distance d 2 , the width p of the submodule of the light splitting device in the horizontal plane XY, and the width W * of the target area in the horizontal plane XY.
  • the condition 3 is:
  • the submodules of the spectrometer are shown in FIG4 , which will not be described in detail.
  • the target area has a width W * in the horizontal plane XY, so when the left and right eyes of the driver move within the width W * of the target area, they can see the 3D virtual image.
  • the spectrometer module of the three-dimensional optical module has a tilt angle relative to the diffuser screen.
  • Figure 7 is an imaging example diagram of the three-dimensional optical module provided in the present application.
  • the spectrometer module 701 has a tilt angle relative to the diffuser screen 702, and the tilt angle can be any angle between 0 degrees and 20 degrees to ensure that the 3D virtual image can be successfully imaged.
  • the tilt angle of the spectrometer module 701 relative to the diffuser screen 702 can be the angle between the first symmetry axis 711 of the spectrometer module 701 and the second symmetry axis 712 of the diffuser screen 702.
  • this embodiment takes a tilt angle of 6.34° as an example.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment can ensure that the human eye can successfully see the 3D virtual image when the human eye moves.
  • the left eye and the right eye of the driver are located at the source position 801, and the driver moves the position so that the left eye and the right eye of the driver move to the target position 802.
  • the left eye and the right eye move from the source position 801 to the target position 802 along the second direction Y.
  • the line connecting the two eyes at the source position 801 and the line connecting the two eyes at the target position 802 are located on the same straight line 803, and the straight line 803 is parallel to the direction Y.
  • the moving distance 812 of the human eye is the moving distance between the source center point and the target center point.
  • the source center point is the center point of the line connecting the two eyes at the source position 801
  • the target center point is the center point of the line connecting the two eyes at the target position 802.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment also includes a position sensor 821, a controller 823 and a driving component 822.
  • the controller 823 is connected to the position sensor 821 and the driving component 822 respectively.
  • the driving component 822 is connected to the lens of the three-dimensional optical module.
  • the driving component 822 is used to drive the lens to move along the Y direction to change the eccentric displacement of the lens.
  • the eccentric displacement of the lens refers to the displacement of the spherical center of the lens when the eyes are at the source position 801 and the spherical center of the lens when the eyes are at the target position 802 along the second direction Y.
  • the position sensor 821 is used to detect the position of the human eye movement.
  • the position sensor 821 can obtain the ⁇ x based on the movement of the human eye.
  • the position sensor 821 sends ⁇ x to the controller 823, and the controller 823 sends a driving signal to the driving component 822 according to ⁇ x.
  • the driving component 822 drives the lens of the three-dimensional optical module to move along the direction Y according to the driving signal, so that the movement distance of the lens is 811.
  • the following takes the movement along the direction Y, and the movement distance 811 of the lens is ⁇ x’ as an example.
  • the controller 823 ensures that the three-dimensional display device satisfies Formula 1 by adjusting the moving distance to ⁇ x':
  • the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 in Formula 1 are described in the corresponding description of FIG. 3 , and are not described in detail.
  • the position sensor 821 may also send the coordinates of the eyes at the source position 801 and the coordinates of the target position 802 to the controller 823, and the controller 823 obtains ⁇ x according to the coordinates of the source position 801 and the coordinates of the target position 802.
  • the driving assembly shown in this embodiment includes a motor and a transmission element.
  • the motor drives the transmission element to rotate. Under the action of the motor, the transmission element drives the lens to move along the Y direction.
  • the motor can be a stepper motor, a DC motor, a silent motor, a servo motor (or a servo motor) or a voice coil motor.
  • the transmission element can be a lead screw, a screw, a gear or a cam barrel.
  • the controller may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), system on chip (SoC), central processor unit (CPU), network processor (NP), digital signal processor (DSP), microcontroller unit (MCU), programmable logic device (PLD), application processor (AP), modem processor, graphics processor (GPU), image signal processor (ISP), video codec, baseband processor, and/or neural-network processing unit (NPU) or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors.
  • FPGA field-programmable gate arrays
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuits
  • SoC system on chip
  • CPU central processor unit
  • NP network processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • MCU microcontroller unit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • AP application processor
  • modem processor graphics processor
  • GPU graphics processor
  • ISP image signal processor
  • video codec baseband processor
  • NPU neural-network processing unit
  • FIG9 is a second example diagram of a 3D display device forming a 3D virtual image when the human eye moves.
  • the left eye and the right eye of the driver are located at a source position 901, and the driver moves the position so that the left eye and the right eye of the driver move to a target position 902.
  • the left eye and the right eye move from the source position 901 to the target position 902 along a first direction X.
  • the driver's eyes move in a direction away from or close to the windshield.
  • the human eye moves from the source position 901 to the target position 902 along the direction X.
  • the three-dimensional display device shown in this embodiment also includes a position sensor 911 and a controller 912.
  • the position sensor 911 is used to detect the position of the movement of the human eye.
  • the position sensor 902 can obtain a second distance d2 based on the movement of the human eye.
  • the second distance d2 is the distance between the line connecting the left eye and the right eye along the second direction Y and the three-dimensional optical module when the human eye moves to the target position 902.
  • the position sensor 911 sends the second distance d2 to the controller 912, and the controller 912 adjusts the second distance d2 according to the second distance.
  • the focal length f 1 of the lens of the three-dimensional optical component is adjusted so that the three-dimensional display device satisfies the following formula 2:
  • the position sensor 911 may also send the coordinates of the eyes at the target position 902 to the controller 912, and the controller 912 obtains the second distance d2 according to the coordinates of the target position 902.
  • the controller 912 when the controller 912 detects that the human eyes move to the target position, the controller 912 can also ensure that the first distance d1, the second distance d2, and the focal length f1 of the lens satisfy the above formula 1 by adjusting the focal length f1 of the lens.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the three-dimensional display device and windshield shown above.
  • a vehicle which includes the three-dimensional display device and windshield shown above.
  • the present application also provides a three-dimensional projection light source, which includes a projector and a three-dimensional optical module.
  • a three-dimensional projection light source which includes a projector and a three-dimensional optical module.
  • the projector and the three-dimensional optical module please refer to the above examples, and the specific details are not repeated. It can be understood that the three-dimensional projection light source shown in this embodiment can emit left eye imaging light and right eye imaging light.
  • the controller 1001 and its peripheral components such as the memory 1002, the CAN transceiver 1003, the audio module 1004, the video module 1005, the power module 1006, the wireless communication module 1007, the I/O interface 1008, the video interface 1009, the touch unit 1010, and the display circuit 1028 can be connected through a bus.
  • the circuit diagram illustrated in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the three-dimensional display device.
  • the three-dimensional display device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or separate some components, or arrange the components differently.
  • the components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • a memory may also be provided in the controller 1001 for storing instructions and data.
  • the memory in the controller 1001 is a cache memory.
  • the memory may store instructions or data that the controller 1001 has just used or circulated. If the controller 1001 needs to use the instruction or data again, it may be directly called from the memory. This avoids repeated access, reduces the waiting time of the controller 1001, and thus improves the efficiency of the system.
  • the three-dimensional display device may further include a plurality of I/O interfaces 1008 connected to the controller 1001.
  • the interface 1008 may include, but is not limited to, an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interface, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, a subscriber identity module (SIM) interface, and/or a universal serial bus (USB) interface.
  • I2C inter-integrated circuit
  • I2S inter-integrated circuit sound
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • UART universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
  • MIPI mobile industry processor interface
  • GPIO general-purpose input/output
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the I/O interface 1008 may be connected to devices such as a mouse, touchpad, keyboard, camera, speaker, microphone, etc., and may also be connected to physical buttons on a three-dimensional display device (such as volume buttons, brightness adjustment buttons, power buttons, etc.).
  • the memory 1002 may include an internal memory and an external memory.
  • the memory 1002 may be used to store computer executable program codes, and the executable program codes include instructions.
  • the memory 1002 may include a program storage area and a data storage area.
  • the program storage area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as an application for displaying a virtual image by the above-mentioned three-dimensional display device), etc.
  • the data storage area may store data created during the use of the three-dimensional display device (such as a source image displayed by a projector of the three-dimensional display device), etc.
  • the memory 1002 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, a universal flash storage (UFS), etc.
  • the controller 1001 executes various functional applications and data processing of the three-dimensional display device by running instructions stored in the memory 1002 and/or instructions stored in a memory provided in the controller 1001.
  • the CAN transceiver 1003 can be connected to the CAN bus (CAN BUS) of the vehicle.
  • CAN BUS CAN bus
  • the three-dimensional display device can communicate with the in-vehicle entertainment system (music, radio, video module), the vehicle status system, etc.
  • the user can turn on the in-vehicle music playback function by operating the three-dimensional display device.
  • the vehicle status system can send driving-related information to the three-dimensional display device for display.
  • the 3D display device can realize audio functions through the audio module 1004 and the application processor, such as music playback or calls.
  • the audio module 1004 is used to convert digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and also to convert analog audio input into digital audio.
  • the audio module 1004 may also be used to encode and decode the audio signal, for example, to play or record.
  • the audio module 1004 may be disposed in the controller 1001, or some functional modules of the audio module 1004 may be disposed in the controller 1001.
  • the video interface 1009 can receive input audio and video, which can be a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a digital visual interface (DVI), a video graphics array (VGA), a display port (DP), a low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface, etc.
  • the video interface 1009 can also output video.
  • the three-dimensional display device receives video data sent by the navigation system through the video interface.
  • the video module 1005 can decode the video input by the video interface 1009, for example, by performing H.264 decoding.
  • the video module can also encode the video collected by the 3D display device, for example, by performing H.264 encoding on the video collected by the external camera.
  • the controller 1001 can also decode the video input by the video interface 1009, and then output the decoded image signal to the 3D projection light source 1029.
  • the display circuit 1028 and the three-dimensional projection light source 1029 are used to display corresponding images.
  • the video interface 1009 receives input video data (or video source), and the video module 1005 decodes and/or digitally processes and outputs an image signal to the display circuit 1028.
  • the display circuit 1028 drives the three-dimensional projection light source 1029 to form an image according to the input image signal, thereby generating a visible image.
  • the three-dimensional projection light source 1029 generates a source image and emits imaging light.
  • the display circuit 1028 can be called a driving circuit.
  • the power module 1006 is used to provide power to the controller 1001 and the 3D projection light source 1029 according to the input power (e.g., direct current), and the power module 1006 may include a rechargeable battery, which can provide power to the controller 1001 and the 3D projection light source 1029.
  • the power module 1006 can be connected to a power supply module (e.g., a power battery) of a vehicle, and the power supply module of the vehicle supplies power to the power module 1006 of the 3D display device.
  • a power supply module e.g., a power battery
  • the wireless communication module 1007 can enable the three-dimensional display device to communicate wirelessly with the outside world, and can provide wireless local area networks (WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network), bluetooth (BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared (IR) and other wireless communication solutions.
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • BT wireless fidelity
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • FM frequency modulation
  • NFC near field communication
  • IR infrared
  • the wireless communication module 1007 can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module.
  • the wireless communication module 1007 receives electromagnetic waves via an antenna, modulates the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal and performs filtering, and sends the processed signal to the controller 1001.
  • the wireless communication module 1007 can also receive the signal to be sent from the controller 1001, modulate the frequency of the signal, amplify it, and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation through the antenna.
  • the video data decoded by the video module 1005 can also be wirelessly received through the wireless communication module 1007 or read from the memory 1002.
  • the three-dimensional display device can receive video data from a terminal device or an in-vehicle entertainment system through the wireless local area network in the vehicle, and the three-dimensional display device can also read the audio and video data stored in the memory 1002.
  • the controller 1001 shown in this embodiment is also connected to the driving component 1030, and the driving component 1030 is connected to the three-dimensional projection light source 1029.
  • the controller 1001 sends a driving signal to the driving component 1030, and the driving component 1030 changes the position of the lens in the three-dimensional optical module (as shown in Figure 8) or changes the focal length of the lens in the three-dimensional optical module (as shown in Figure 9) according to the driving signal.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具，用于减少阳光倒灌的风险，提高三维显示装置的成像清晰度以及使用寿命。该三维显示装置包括投影仪、三维光学模块以及曲面镜；首先，所述投影仪向所述三维光学模块投射成像光；其次，所述三维光学模块根据所述成像光向所述曲面镜汇聚左眼成像光以及右眼成像光；再次，所述曲面镜用于反射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。被所述曲面镜反射的所述左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，分别投射至左眼以及右眼，以形成三维虚像。

Description

一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具
本申请要求于2023年6月9日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202310685304.5、发明名称为“一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及图像显示领域，尤其涉及一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具。
背景技术
具有三维(three dimensional，3D)显示功能的增强现实抬头显示(augmented reality head-up display，AR-HUD)，目的是将车辆的驾驶相关信息以虚像的方式，显示于车辆前方。而且该虚像能够与路况场景(如道路、建筑、行人等)叠加在一起，达到3D显示效果。
具有3D显示功能的AR-HUD包括液晶显示屏以及成像光路，该成像光路用于将液晶显示屏发出的成像光投射至驾驶人员的人眼中，并在驾驶人员的大脑中形成在车辆前方显示的3D图像。
但是，因成像光路的可逆性，会导致阳光经由成像光路倒灌进液晶显示屏。液晶显示屏会因为光线汇聚从而在液晶显示屏上产生亮斑，降低了成像清晰度。液晶显示屏会因为光线汇聚而导致温度过高，甚至有可能导致液晶显示屏被烧毁。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种三维显示装置、三维投影光源以及交通工具，其能够减少阳光倒灌的风险，从而提高三维显示装置的成像清晰度以及使用寿命。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种三维显示装置，包括投影仪、三维光学模块以及曲面镜；所述投影仪用于向所述三维光学模块投射成像光；所述三维光学模块用于根据所述成像光向所述曲面镜汇聚左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，其中，所述左眼成像光和所述右眼成像光为所述成像光进行扩散以及分光所获得；所述曲面镜用于反射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，被所述曲面镜反射的所述左眼成像光的传输方向，不同于所述右眼成像光的传输方向，而且被所述曲面镜反射的左眼成像光投射至驾驶人员的左眼，被所述曲面镜反射的右眼成像光投射至驾驶人员的右眼。这样左眼成像光以及右眼成像光在驾驶人员的大脑里合成后，会形成三维虚像。
采用本方面所示，车辆外部的光线即便因光路的可逆性，主要照射于三维光学模块上，那么，光线所产生的热量不会作用在投影仪上或作用在投影仪上的热量低，因光线主要照射在三维光学模块上，那么，光线不会在投影仪上产生亮斑，有效的提升了投影仪出射的成像光束成像的清晰度。而且光线不会剧烈的提升投影仪的温度，有效的避免了投影仪因温度过高而被烧毁的情况。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括扩散屏、透镜以及分光器件，且所述扩散屏、所述透镜以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述透镜；所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述曲面镜投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
采用本方面所示的三维光学模块，能够保证三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、分光器件以及扩散屏，且所述透镜、所述分光器件以及所述扩散屏与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述扩散屏投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光；所述扩散屏用于分别扩散接收到的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光至所述曲面镜。
采用本方面所示的三维光学模块，能够保证三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件，且所 述透镜、所述扩散屏以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述扩散屏；所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述曲面屏投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
采用本方面所示的三维光学模块，能够保证三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括三个光器件，所述三个光器件包括所述透镜、所述扩散屏以及所述分光器件，所述三个光器件中任意相邻的两个光器件之间具有透光的填充层。
采用本方面所示，填充层由光学胶水沉积而成，通过该填充层能够保证三维光学模块成为一个整体器件。在实际使用的过程中，不会出现光器件(透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件中的至少一个)位置出现偏移而导致光路的改变。那么，呈一个整体器件的三维光学模块能够成功的保证从三维光学模块出射的左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，投射至左眼以及右眼，保证三维虚像能够成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述扩散屏的水平扩散角度小于垂直扩散角度，其中，所述扩散屏的水平扩散角度为入射光与出射光之间，沿水平面夹角的角度，所述扩散屏的垂直扩散角度为所述入射光与所述出射光之间，沿垂直面夹角的角度，所述入射光为入射至所述扩散屏的光，所述出射光为从所述扩散屏出射的光。
采用本方面所示，有效的降低了扩散屏对分光器件分光造成的串扰，提高了三维虚像的清晰度。而且扩散屏对成像光沿垂直面具有的垂直扩散角度，能够使得驾驶人员的双眼沿垂直面移动的时候，还能够保证左眼成像光以及右眼成像光成功投射至左眼以及右眼。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述扩散屏的水平扩散角度为零度。
采用本方面所示，在扩散屏的水平扩散角度为零度的情况下，能够避免扩散屏对分光器件分光造成的串扰，提高了三维虚像的清晰度。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括透镜，其中，左眼的位置以及右眼的位置，与第一距离、第二距离以及所述透镜的焦距中至少一项相关；所述左眼用于接收所述左眼成像光，所述右眼用于接收所述右眼成像光，所述第一距离为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离，所述第二距离为所述左眼和所述右眼之间的连线，与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。
采用本方面所示，在左眼的位置以及右眼的位置，与第一距离、第二距离以及所述透镜的焦距中至少一项相关的情况下，有效保证了三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，三维显示装置满足条件1，条件1为其中，d0为投影仪的光源与投影仪镜头之间的距离。第一距离d1为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。f0为投影仪镜头的焦距。
采用本方面所示，在投影仪的光源与投影仪镜头之间的距离d0、所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的第一距离d1以及投影仪镜头的焦距f0满足条件1的情况下，有效保证了三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括透镜，其中，所述透镜的焦距，与第一距离以及第二距离中至少一项相关，所述第一距离为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离，所述第二距离为所述左眼和所述右眼之间的连线，与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。
采用本方面所示，所述透镜的焦距，与第一距离以及第二距离中至少一项相关的情况下，有效保证了三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，三维显示装置满足条件2，所述条件2为f1为所述透镜的焦距。
采用本方面所示，在第一距离、第二距离以及所述透镜的焦距f1满足条件2的情况下，有效保证了三维虚像的成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括分光器件，其中，所述分光器件的焦距，与第二距离、所述分光器件的子模块在水平面内的宽度以及目标区域在水平面内的宽度中的至少一项相关，所述子模块用于将一束所述成像光分光为一路所述左眼成像光以及一路所述右眼成像光；用于接收所述左眼成像光的左眼和用于接收所述右眼成像光的右眼在所述目标区域内移动。
采用本方面所示，在所述分光器件的焦距，与第二距离、所述分光器件的子模块在水平面内的宽度以及目标区域在水平面内的宽度中的至少一项相关的情况下，驾驶人员的双眼在目标区域移动时，通过能够保证左眼成像光投射至左眼，右眼成像光投射至右眼。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，三维显示装置满足条件3，该条件3为：其中，f为所述分光器件的焦距、d2为第二距离、p为所述分光器件的子模块在水平面XY内的宽度、W*为目标区域在水平面XY内的宽度。
采用本方面所示，在所述分光器件的焦距f、第二距离d2、所述分光器件的子模块在水平面XY内的宽度p以及目标区域在水平面XY内的宽度W*满足条件3的情况下，能够有效的保证三维虚像成功成像。
基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，基于第一方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述投影仪用于将驾驶相关信息调制为成像光。驾驶相关信息为高级驾驶辅助系统ADAS信息、车辆仪表盘上的主要数据(油耗、发动机转速、温度等)、车速信息、方向盘转角信息、导航信息或车身姿态数据中一项或多项。
基于本实现方式，三维虚像用于显示驾驶相关信息，提升驾驶的安全性、驾驶相关信息显示的效率以及清晰度。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种三维投影光源，包括投影仪以及三维光学模块；所述投影仪用于向所述三维光学模块投射成像光；所述三维光学模块用于汇聚所述成像光并出射左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，其中，所述左眼成像光和所述右眼成像光为所述成像光进行扩散以及分光所获得，所述左眼成像光的传输方向，不同于所述右眼成像光的传输方向，且所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光用于形成三维虚像。
本方面有益效果的说明，请参见第一方面所示，具体不做赘述。
基于第二方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括扩散屏、透镜以及分光器件，且所述扩散屏、所述透镜以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述透镜；所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
基于第二方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、分光器件以及扩散屏，且所述透镜、所述分光器件以及所述扩散屏与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述扩散屏投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光；所述扩散屏用于分别扩散接收到的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
基于第二方面，一种可选的实现方式中，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件，且所述透镜、所述扩散屏以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述扩散屏；所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种交通工具，包括挡风玻璃以及如上述第一方面任一项所述的三维显示装置；所述挡风玻璃用于反射来自所述曲面镜的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，被所述挡风玻璃反射的所述左眼成像光的传输方向，不同于所述右眼成像光的传输方向，且被所述挡风玻璃反射的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光用于形成三维虚像。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的三维显示装置的结构示例图；
图2本申请提供的三维显示装置的一种实施例部分结构示例图；
图3为图2所示的三维光学模块的第一种实施例结构示例图；
图4为本申请提供的分光模块的分光示例图；
图5为图2所示的三维光学模块的第二种实施例结构示例图；
图6为图2所示的三维光学模块的第三种实施例结构示例图；
图7为本申请提供的三维光学模块的成像示例图；
图8为三维显示装置在人眼移动的情况下，形成3D虚像的第一种示例图；
图9为三维显示装置在人眼移动的情况下，形成3D虚像的第二种示例图；
图10为本申请提供的三维显示装置的一种电路连接示例图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例提供了一种三维显示装置。该三维显示装置作为具有3D显示功能的AR-HUD，能够减少阳光倒灌的风险，从而提高三维显示装置的成像清晰度以及使用寿命。本实施例以三维显示装置应用至车载领域为例，需明确的是，本实施例所示的三维显示装置能够应用至任意交通工具上，例如，该交通工具可以是汽车、飞机、轮船、火箭等已知的交通工具，还可以是未来新出现的交通工具。汽车可以是电动汽车、燃油车或混合动力车，例如，纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、燃料电池汽车、新能源汽车等，本申请对此不做具体限定。
图1为本申请提供的三维显示装置的结构示例图。本实施例所示的三维显示装置包投影仪101、三维光学模块102以及曲面镜103。
本实施例所示的投影仪101向三维光学模块102投射成像光111。三维光学模块102根据成像光111向曲面镜103汇聚左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113。其中，左眼成像光112和右眼成像光113为所述成像光111进行扩散以及分光所获得。
以下对三维光学模块102可选的处理过程进行示例说明：
示例1：首先，三维光学模块102扩散接收到的成像光111以获得扩散后的成像光。具体的，从投影仪101发出的成像光111是准直光，三维光学模块102扩散接收到的成像光111是指对成像光111进行漫反射，以使成像光经过多次反射、折射、散射及吸收后出射扩散后的成像光，以保证扩散后的成像光亮度均匀。其次，三维光学模块102汇聚扩散后的成像光以获得汇聚后的成像光。具体的，该汇聚后的成像光能够提升三维显示装置显示的3D虚像的清晰度。再次，三维光学模块102分光该汇聚后的成像光以输出左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113。本实施例所示的三维显示装置，能够将三维光学模块输出的，且传输方向互不相同的左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113，分别投射至驾驶人员的左眼以及右眼。这样左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113在驾驶人员的大脑里合成后就会形成显示于车辆前方的3D图像。
示例2：首先，三维光学模块102汇聚成像光111以获得汇聚后的成像光。其次，三维光学模块分光汇聚后的成像光以获得左眼成像光以及右眼成像光。再次，三维光学模块102分别扩散左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，以使三维光学模块102能够输出扩散后的左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113，示例2所示的汇聚、分光以及扩散的说明，请参见示例1所示，具体不做赘述。
示例3：首先，三维光学模块102汇聚成像光111以获得汇聚后的成像光。其次，三维光学模块102扩散成像光以输出扩散后的成像光。再次，三维光学模块102分光扩散后的成像光以输出左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113，示例3所示的汇聚、扩散以及分光的说明，请参见示例1所示，具体不做赘述。
本实施例所示以三维显示装置包括一个曲面镜103为例，该曲面镜103将来自三维光学模块102的左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113放大后，反射至车辆的挡风玻璃104，挡风玻璃104将左眼成像光112反射至驾驶人员的左眼，并将右眼成像光113反射至驾驶人员的右眼。本实施例所示的曲面镜103的凹面作为反射面，其用于对来自三维显示装置的左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113的光斑起到放大的作用。具体的，投影仪101根据显示的源图像出射成像光111，曲面镜103来自投影仪101的成像光 111进行拉远放大，以实现对源图像的拉远放大。驾驶人员的左眼和右眼分别接收到左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113，从而观察到放大的3D虚像，其中，3D虚像实际是被挡风玻璃104反射的左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113的反向延长线交汇而成的虚像。本实施例对三维光学模块102出射的左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113，具体投射至驾驶人员左眼以及右眼的光路不做限定，例如，本实施例所示的三维显示装置包括多个曲面镜，左眼成像光112以及右眼成像光113依次被多个曲面镜反射至挡风玻璃104。
本实施例所示的三维显示装置中，投影仪作为光源，车辆外部的光线因光路的可逆性依次经由挡风玻璃104以及曲面镜103，主要照射于三维光学模块102上，那么，光线所产生的热量不会作用在投影仪101上或作用在投影仪101上的热量低，因光线主要照射在三维光学模块102上，那么，光线不会在投影仪101上产生亮斑，有效的提升了投影仪101出射的成像光束111成像的清晰度。而且光线不会剧烈的提升投影仪101的温度，有效的避免了投影仪因温度过高而被烧毁的情况。
本实施例所示的三维显示装置应用于交通工具上，可以理解，本实施例所示的投影仪将驾驶相关信息调制为成像光，该成像光经由曲面镜的放大后，投射至驾驶人员视野前方。驾驶相关信息可为高级驾驶辅助系统(advanced driving assistance system，ADAS)信息、车辆仪表盘上的主要数据(油耗、发动机转速、温度等)、车速信息、方向盘转角信息、导航信息或车身姿态数据等，具体在本实施例中不做限定。那么，驾驶人员在视野前方看到的3D虚像用于显示驾驶相关信息，不必低头观察方向盘下方的仪表盘或者中控显示屏，从而可提高紧急情况下的制动反应时间，提升驾驶的安全性。因本实施例所示的三维显示装置能够将驾驶相关信息以3D的形式显示，提高了驾驶相关信息显示的效率以及清晰度。而且三维显示装置能够将3D虚像切换至不同的虚像位置进行显示，其中，在不同的虚像位置显示的3D虚像具有不同的虚像距(virtual image distance，VID)。3D虚像的VID是指，该3D虚像和人眼之间的距离。那么，三维显示装置能够根据驾驶相关信息的不同类型，将3D虚像切换至不同VID的位置显示，以提高驾驶相关信息的显示效率。
图2本申请提供的三维显示装置的一种实施例部分结构示例图。本实施例所示的投影仪101包括光源201以及投影仪镜头202。该光源201调制投影光束(白光)以输出成像光111。光源201将成像光投射至投影仪镜头202。投影仪镜头202用于将成像光向外投射，其可以为短焦镜头。本实施例中的光源201可为硅基液晶(liquid crystal on silicon，LCOS)显示器、有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)显示器、液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)、数字光处理(digital light procession，DLP)显示器或微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical systems，MEMS)显示器。
图3为图2所示的三维光学模块的第一种实施例结构示例图。本实施例所示的三维光学模块包括扩散屏301、透镜302以及分光器件303，其中，扩散屏301、透镜302以及分光器件303与投影仪101之间的距离依次递增。本实施例所示的三维光学模块用于实现上述示例1所示的对成像光的处理过程，具体不做赘述。
所述扩散屏301具有水平扩散角度，该水平扩散角度为入射光与出射光之间，沿水平面XY夹角的角度。参见图1所示，本实施例所示的水平面XY是指，共同包括第一方向X和第二方向Y的平面。当驾驶人员坐在车辆的驾驶舱内，且两眼之间的连线处于水平直线的状态，此时的两眼之间连线平行于第二方向Y。可以理解，图1所示的视角为侧视驾驶舱，那么，驾驶人员的两眼在沿第二方向Y的视角下处于重合状态。第一方向X为沿远离或靠近方向盘的水平方向。由图1所示的坐标系可知，第一方向X垂直于第二方向Y。本示例中，入射至扩散屏301的入射光为投影仪出射的成像光，出射光为扩散屏301出射的成像光。所述扩散屏301具有垂直扩散角度，该垂直扩散角度为所述入射光与所述出射光之间，沿垂直面YZ夹角的角度。本示例所示的垂直面YZ是指，共同包括第二方向Y以及第三方向Z的平面，其中，第三方向Z分别垂直于第一方向X以及第二方向Y。三维光学模块包括的分光器件303用于沿水平面XY，将左眼成像光投射至驾驶人员的左眼，并用于沿水平面XY，将右眼成像光投射至驾驶人员的右眼。若扩散屏301对成像光在水平面XY有较大的水平扩散角度，那么，扩散屏301会对分光器件303对成像光沿水平面XY的偏转造成串扰，降低了3D虚像的清晰度。因此，本实施例所示扩散屏301的水平扩散角度小于垂直扩散角度，有效的降低了扩散屏301对分光器件303沿水平面XY偏转所造成的串 扰。为有效的提升3D虚像的清晰度，降低对分光器件303沿水平面XY偏转所造成的串扰，则本实施例所示的扩散屏301的水平扩散角度不大于正负5度(例如，扩散屏301在水平面XY沿顺时针方向偏转定义为正角，沿逆时针方向偏转定义为负角)。本实施例以该水平扩散角为零度为例。扩散屏301对成像光沿垂直面YZ具有的垂直扩散角度，能够使得驾驶人员的双眼沿垂直面YZ移动的时候，还能够保证左眼成像光以及右眼成像光成功投射至左眼以及右眼。本实施例以扩散屏301垂直扩散角度为±15°，水平扩散角度为±1°为例。
本实施例起到汇聚作用的透镜302可由透明光学材料或液晶材料制成，本实施例对透镜302的材质不做限定，只要该透镜302能够将左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，汇聚至驾驶人员的左眼以及右眼即可。若透镜302由液晶材料制成，那么，该透镜302的焦距可通过电控进行调节。本实施例以三维光学模块包括一个透镜302为例，在其他示例中，三维光需模块可包括多个透镜302以实现对成像光的汇聚。
本实施例所示的分光器件303可为柱状透镜阵列。该柱状透镜阵列还可称之为柱镜光栅。分光器件303还可为液晶阵列，利用电场控制液晶阵列所包括的液晶的排列状态，以实现对左眼成像光以及右眼成像光的偏转方向。图4为本申请提供的分光模块的分光示例图。图4所示以分光模块303为柱状透镜阵列为例。具体的，投影仪出射的成像光已调制源图像，该源图像包括像素阵列，该像素阵列中奇数列像素调制于第一成像光401，像素阵列中偶数列像素调制于第二成像光402。柱状透镜阵列包括多个子模块，每个子模块用于偏转一路第一成像光401以及一路第二成像光402。第一成像光401依次经由扩散屏301以及透镜302后，以第一入射角度入射分光器件303的子模块。第二成像光402依次经由扩散屏301以及透镜302后，以第二入射角度入射分光器件303的子模块。本实施例所示的第一入射角度为第一成像光401沿水平面XY入射子模块的角度。第二入射角度为第二成像光402沿水平面XY入射子模块的角度。子模块将以第一入射角度入射的第一成像光的传输方向，沿水平面XY方向偏转，以第一出射角度出射左眼成像光403。子模块将以第二入射角度入射的第二成像光的传输方向，沿水平面XY方向偏转，以第二出射角度出射右眼成像光403。本实施例所示的第一出射角度不同于第二出射角度，并保证以第一出射角度出射的左眼成像光403能够投射至驾驶人员的左眼，以及以第二出射角度出射的右眼成像光404能够投射至驾驶人员的右眼。
图5为图2所示的三维光学模块的第二种实施例结构示例图。本实施例所示的三维光学模块包括透镜501、分光器件502以及扩散屏503，其中，透镜501、分光器件502以及扩散屏503与投影仪101之间的距离依次递增。本实施例所示的三维光学模块用于实现上述示例2所示的对成像光的处理过程，具体不做赘述。对透镜501、分光器件502以及扩散屏503三个光器件的说明，请参见图3对应的说明，具体不做赘述。
图6为图2所示的三维光学模块的第三种实施例结构示例图。本实施例所示的三维光学模块包括透镜601、扩散屏602以及分光器件603，其中，透镜601、扩散屏602以及分光器件603与投影仪101之间的距离依次递增。本实施例所示的三维光学模块用于实现上述示例3所示的对成像光的处理过程，具体不做赘述。对透镜601、扩散屏602以及分光器件603三个光器件的说明，请参见图3对应的说明，具体不做赘述。
结合图3、图5以及图6所示可知，三维光学模块包括三个光器件，这三个光器件包括透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件。三个光器件中，任意位置相邻的两个光器件之间具有透光的填充层。例如，图3对应的示例中，扩散屏301和透镜302之间具有透光的填充层，且分光器件303和透镜302之间具有填充层。在图5对应的示例中，透镜501和分光器件502之间具有填充层，且分光器件502和扩散屏503之间具有填充层。同样的，在图6对应的示例中，透镜601和扩散屏602之间具有填充层，且扩散屏和分光器件603之间具有填充层。本实施例所示的填充层可由光学胶水沉积而成，通过该填充层能够保证三维光学模块成为一个整体器件。例如，该光学胶水可为紫外线(ultraviolet，UV)压印胶。三维光学模块包括三个光器件的光路，不会因三个光器件之间位置出现偏移而导致改变。即，通过填充层保证成为一个整体器件的三维光学模块，在实际使用的过程中，不会出现光器件(透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件中的至少一个)位置出现偏移而导致光路的改变，那么，成功的保证从三维光学模块出射的左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，能够投射至左眼以及右眼，保证3D虚像能够成功成像。例如，透镜的折射率n2＝1.8，而位于透镜表面的填充层的折射率为n1＝1.4。本实施例对透镜的折射率n2以及填充层折射率n1的具体 取值以及大小关系不做限定。对分光器件与填充层的说明，以及扩散屏和填充层的说明，请参见透镜与填充层的说明，具体不做赘述。
以下说明如何保证左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，能够成功投射至左眼以及右眼，保证3D虚像能够成功成像。为保证3D虚像的成功成像，则三维显示装置需要满足下述三个条件：
条件1，该条件1为投影仪的焦距与第一距离相关，所述第一距离为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。具体的，该条件1为结合图3所示，d0为投影仪的光源201与投影仪镜头202之间的距离。第一距离d1为所述投影仪镜头202与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。f0为投影仪镜头202的焦距。本实施例中，三维光学模块和投影仪之间的第一距离d1、投影仪的光源201与投影仪镜头202之间的距离d0均为正值，以表示第一距离d1、投影仪的光源201与投影仪镜头202之间的距离d0均位于三维光学模块的同一侧。
条件2，该条件2为所述透镜的焦距f1，与第一距离d1以及第二距离d2中至少一项相关。其中，若透镜是凹透镜，则透镜的焦距f1为负值。若透镜是凸透镜，则透镜的焦距f1为正值。具体的，该条件2为：第一距离d1的说明，请参见条件1所示，具体不做赘述。结合图3所示，第二距离d2为驾驶人员左眼和右眼之间，沿第二方向Y的连线，与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。本实施例中，第二距离d2为负值，以表示第二距离d2与第一距离d1位于三维光学模块的不同侧。
条件3，该条件3为所述分光器件的焦距f，与第二距离d2、所述分光器件的子模块在水平面XY内的宽度p以及目标区域在水平面XY内的宽度W*中的至少一项相关。具体的，该条件3为：分光器件的子模块的说明，请参见图4所示，具体不做赘述。目标区域在水平面XY内具有宽度W*，那么，驾驶人员的左眼和右眼在目标区域的宽度W*内移动时，能够观看到3D虚像。
条件4，在水平面XY内，三维光学模块的分光模块相对于扩散屏具有倾斜角。具体参见图7所示，其中，图7为本申请提供的三维光学模块的成像示例图。在水平面XY内，分光模块701相对于扩散屏702具有倾斜角，该倾斜角可为0度至20度之间的任意角度，以保证3D虚像能够成功成像。分光模块701相对于扩散屏702的倾斜角可为，分光模块701的第一对称轴711和扩散屏702的第二对称轴712之间的夹角。本实施例所示的分光模块701以及扩散屏702的说明，请参见上述实施例所示，具体不做赘述。例如，本实施例以倾斜角为6.34°为例。
本实施例所示的三维显示装置在满足上述条件1至条件4的情况下，能够保证三维显示装置能够成功形成3D虚像。例如，若三维显示装置的投影仪所显示的源图像大小为5.5寸，且横纵分辨率为1920*1080个像素，每个像素的大小为61微米(μm)。三维显示装置的第一距离d1＝20厘米(cm)。透镜的焦距f1为40cm，那么，基于上述条件2的计算，那么，d2＝-40cm。
在分光器件的焦距f为1.4毫米(mm)，d2＝-40cm，分光器件的子模块在水平面XY内的宽度p＝244μm，基于上述条件3的计算，那么，
在驾驶人员使用本实施例所示的三维显示装置驾驶车辆的过程中，人眼的位置会随时移动，本实施例提供的三维显示装置能够在人眼移动时，保证人眼能够成功观看到3D虚像。参见图8所示，图8为 三维显示装置在人眼移动的情况下，形成3D虚像的第一种示例图。
驾驶人员的左眼以及右眼位于源位置801，驾驶人员移动位置，以使驾驶人员的左眼和右眼移动至目标位置802。其中，左眼和右眼沿第二方向Y，由源位置801移动至目标位置802。具体的，位于源位置801的双眼连线，与位于目标位置802的双眼连线位于同一直线803上，该直线803平行于方向Y。人眼沿方向Y由源位置801移动至目标位置802的情况下，人眼的移动距离812为源中心点和目标中心点之间的移动距离，下述以人眼的移动距离812为Δx为例。其中，源中心点为在源位置801处的双眼之间连线的中心点，目标中心点为在目标位置802处的双眼之间连线的中心点。
本实施例所示的三维显示装置还包括位置传感器821、控制器823以及驱动组件822，控制器823分别与位置传感器821以及驱动组件822连接，驱动组件822与三维光学模块的透镜连接，驱动组件822用于驱动透镜沿Y方向移动，以改变透镜的偏心位移量。其中，透镜的偏心位移量是指，双眼在源位置801时透镜的球心与双眼在目标位置802时透镜的球心，沿第二方向Y的位移。该位置传感器821用于检测人眼移动的位置，在人眼由源位置801移动至目标位置802的情况下，位置传感器821能够基于人眼的移动获得该Δx。位置传感器821将Δx发送给控制器823，控制器823根据该Δx向驱动组件822发送驱动信号，驱动组件822根据该驱动信号驱动三维光学模块的透镜沿方向Y移动，以使透镜的移动距离811，下述以沿方向Y移动，透镜的移动距离811为Δx’为例。
控制器823通过调节移动距离为Δx’方式，保证三维显示装置满足公式1：其中，公式1中的第一距离d1以及第二距离d2的说明，请图3对应的说明，具体不做赘述。可选的，位置传感器821也可将双眼在源位置801的坐标以及目标位置802的坐标发送给控制器823，控制器823根据源位置801的坐标以及目标位置802的坐标获得Δx。
本实施例所示的驱动组件包括马达和传动元件。马达驱动传动元件转动。传动元件在马达的作用下，带动透镜沿Y方向移动。本实施例对马达的具体类型不做限定，例如，马达可为步进马达、直流马达、静音马达、伺服马达(或称为伺服电机)或音圈马达等。本实施例对传动元件的类型不做限定，例如，传动元件可为丝杠、螺杆、齿轮或凸轮筒等。
本实施例对控制器的类型不做限定，例如控制器可以是一个或多个现场可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)、专用集成芯片(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、系统芯片(system on chip，SoC)、中央处理器(central processor unit，CPU)、网络处理器(network processor，NP)、数字信号处理电路(digital signal processor，DSP)、微控制器(micro controller unit，MCU)、可编程控制器(programmable logic device，PLD)、应用处理器(application processor，AP)、调制解调处理器、图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)、图像信号处理器(image signal processor，ISP)、视频编解码器、基带处理器，和/或神经网络处理器(neural-network processing unit，NPU)或其它集成芯片，或者上述芯片或者处理器的任意组合等。
图9为三维显示装置在人眼移动的情况下，形成3D虚像的第二种示例图。驾驶人员的左眼以及右眼位于源位置901，驾驶人员移动位置，以使驾驶人员的左眼和右眼移动至目标位置902。其中，左眼和右眼沿第一方向X，由源位置901移动至目标位置902。可以理解，图9所示的示例中，相对于挡风玻璃，驾驶人员的双眼沿远离或靠近挡风玻璃方向移动。人眼沿方向X由源位置901移动至目标位置902。
本实施例所示的三维显示装置还包括位置传感器911以及控制器912。其中，位置传感器911以及控制器912的说明，请参见图8对应的说明，具体不做赘述。该位置传感器911用于检测人眼移动的位置，在人眼由源位置901移动至目标位置902的情况下，位置传感器902能够基于人眼的移动获得第二距离d2，该第二距离d2为人眼移动至目标位置902的情况下，左眼和右眼沿第二方向Y的连线与三维光学模块之间的距离。位置传感器911将第二距离d2发送给控制器912，控制器912根据该第二距离调 节三维光学组件的透镜的焦距f1，以使三维显示装置满足下述公式2所示：可选的，位置传感器911也可将双眼在目标位置902的坐标发送给控制器912，控制器912根据目标位置902的坐标获得第二距离d2。基于上述的公式2，控制器912检测到人眼移动至目标位置的情况下，控制器912能够通过调节透镜的焦距f1的方式，也保证第一距离d1、第二距离d2以及透镜的焦距f1满足上述公式1。
本申请实施例还提供了一种交通工具，该交通工具包括上述所示的三维显示装置以及挡风玻璃，具体形成3D虚像的说明，请参见图1对应的说明，具体不做赘述。
本申请还提供了一种三维投影光源，该三维投影光源包括投影仪以及三维光学模块，对投影仪以及三维光学模块的说明，请参见上述示例所示，具体不做赘述。可以理解，本实施例所示的三维投影光源能够出射左眼成像光以及右眼成像光。
图10为本申请提供的三维显示装置的一种电路连接示例图。三维显示装置中的电路主要包括包含控制器1001、存储器1002、控制器局域网(controller area network，CAN)收发器1003、音频模块1004、视频模块1005、电源模块1006、无线通信模块1007、输入/输出(input/output，I/O)接口1008、视频接口1009、触控单元1010、显示电路1028和三维投影光源1029等。其中，控制器1001与其周边的元件，例如存储器1002，CAN收发器1003，音频模块1004，视频模块1005，电源模块1006，无线通信模块1007，I/O接口1008、视频接口1009、触控单元1010、显示电路1028可以通过总线连接。另外，本申请实施例示意的电路图并不构成对三维显示装置的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，三维显示装置可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
控制器1001中还可以设置存储器，用于存储指令和数据。在一些实施例中，控制器1001中的存储器为高速缓冲存储器。该存储器可以保存控制器1001刚用过或循环使用的指令或数据。如果控制器1001需要再次使用该指令或数据，可从存储器中直接调用。避免了重复存取，减少了控制器1001的等待时间，因而提高了系统的效率。
在一些实施例中，三维显示装置还可以包括多个连接到控制器1001的I/O接口1008。接口1008可以包括但不限于集成电路(inter-integrated circuit，I2C)接口、集成电路内置音频(inter-integrated circuit sound，I2S)接口、脉冲编码调制(pulse code modulation，PCM)接口、通用异步收发传输器(universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter，UART)接口、移动产业处理器接口(mobile industry processor interface，MIPI)、通用输入输出(general-purpose input/output，GPIO)接口、用户标识模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)接口，和/或通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口等。上述I/O接口1008可以连接鼠标、触摸板、键盘、摄像头、扬声器/喇叭、麦克风等设备，也可以连接三维显示装置上的物理按键(例如音量键、亮度调节键、开关机键等)。
存储器1002可以包括内部存储器，还可以包括外部存储器，存储器1002可以用于存储计算机可执行程序代码，可执行程序代码包括指令。存储器1002可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区。其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统，至少一个功能所需的应用程序(比如上述三维显示装置显示虚像的应用程序)等。存储数据区可存储三维显示装置使用过程中所创建的数据(比如三维显示装置的投影仪所显示的源图像)等。此外，存储器1002可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件，闪存器件，通用闪存存储器(universal flash storage，UFS)等。控制器1001通过运行存储在存储器1002的指令，和/或存储在设置于控制器1001中的存储器的指令，执行三维显示装置的各种功能应用以及数据处理。
CAN收发器1003可以连接到车辆的CAN总线(CAN BUS)。通过CAN总线，三维显示装置可以与车载娱乐系统(音乐、电台、视频模块)、车辆状态系统等进行通信。例如，用户可以通过操作三维显示装置来开启车载音乐播放功能。车辆状态系统可以将驾驶相关信息发送给三维显示装置进行显示。
三维显示装置可以通过音频模块1004以及应用处理器等实现音频功能。例如音乐播放或通话等。音频模块1004用于将数字音频信息转换成模拟音频信号输出，也用于将模拟音频输入转换为数字音频 信号。音频模块1004还可以用于对音频信号编码和解码，例如进行放音或录音。在一些实施例中，音频模块1004可以设置于控制器1001中，或将音频模块1004的部分功能模块设置于控制器1001中。
视频接口1009可以接收输入的音视频，其具体可以为高清晰多媒体接口(high definition multimedia interface，HDMI)、数字视频接口(digital visual interface，DVI)、视频图形阵列(video graphics array，VGA)、显示端口(display port，DP)、低压差分信号(low voltage differential signaling，LVDS)接口等，视频接口1009还可以向外输出视频。例如，三维显示装置通过视频接口接收导航系统发送的视频数据。
视频模块1005可以对视频接口1009输入的视频进行解码，例如进行H.264解码。视频模块还可以对三维显示装置采集到的视频进行编码，例如对外接的摄像头采集到的视频进行H.264编码。此外，控制器1001也可以对视频接口1009输入的视频进行解码，然后将解码后的图像信号输出到三维投影光源1029。
显示电路1028和三维投影光源1029用于显示对应的图像。在本实施例中，视频接口1009接收输入的视频数据(或称为视频源)，视频模块1005进行解码和/或数字化处理后输出图像信号至显示电路1028，显示电路1028根据输入的图像信号驱动三维投影光源1029成像，从而生成可视图像。例如，三维投影光源1029生成源图像，发出成像光。显示电路1028可以称为驱动电路。
电源模块1006用于根据输入的电力(例如直流电)为控制器1001和三维投影光源1029提供电源，电源模块1006中可以包括可充电电池，可充电电池可以为控制器1001和三维投影光源1029提供电源。此外，上述电源模块1006可以连接到车辆的供电模块(例如动力电池)，由车辆的供电模块为三维显示装置的电源模块1006供电。
无线通信模块1007可以使得三维显示装置与外界进行无线通信，其可以提供无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)(如无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)网络)、蓝牙(bluetooth，BT)、全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)、调频(frequency modulation，FM)、近距离无线通信技术(near field communication，NFC)、红外技术(infrared，IR)等无线通信的解决方案。无线通信模块1007可以是集成至少一个通信处理模块的一个或多个器件。无线通信模块1007经由天线接收电磁波，将电磁波信号调频以及滤波处理，将处理后的信号发送到控制器1001。无线通信模块1007还可以从控制器1001接收待发送的信号，对其进行调频，放大，经天线转为电磁波辐射出去。
另外，视频模块1005进行解码的视频数据除了通过视频接口1009输入之外，还可以通过无线通信模块1007以无线的方式接收或从存储器1002中读取，例如三维显示装置可以通过车内的无线局域网从终端设备或车载娱乐系统接收视频数据，三维显示装置还可以读取存储器1002中存储的音视频数据。
本实施例所示的控制器1001还与驱动组件1030连接，该驱动组件1030与三维投影光源1029连接，控制器1001向驱动组件1030发送驱动信号，驱动组件1030根据驱动信号改变三维光学模块中透镜的位置(如图8所示)或改变三维光学模块中透镜的焦距(如图9所示)。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种三维显示装置，其特征在于，包括投影仪、三维光学模块以及曲面镜；
    所述投影仪用于向所述三维光学模块投射成像光；
    所述三维光学模块用于根据所述成像光向所述曲面镜汇聚左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，其中，所述左眼成像光和所述右眼成像光为所述成像光进行扩散以及分光所获得；
    所述曲面镜用于反射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，被所述曲面镜反射的所述左眼成像光的传输方向，不同于所述右眼成像光的传输方向，且被所述曲面镜反射的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光用于形成三维虚像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括扩散屏、透镜以及分光器件，且所述扩散屏、所述透镜以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；
    所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述透镜；
    所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；
    所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述曲面镜投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、分光器件以及扩散屏，且所述透镜、所述分光器件以及所述扩散屏与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；
    所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；
    所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述扩散屏投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光；
    所述扩散屏用于分别扩散接收到的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光至所述曲面镜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件，且所述透镜、所述扩散屏以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；
    所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述扩散屏；
    所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；
    所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述曲面屏投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括三个光器件，所述三个光器件包括所述透镜、所述扩散屏以及所述分光器件，所述三个光器件中任意相邻的两个光器件之间具有透光的填充层。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述扩散屏的水平扩散角度小于垂直扩散角度，其中，所述扩散屏的水平扩散角度为入射光与出射光之间，沿水平面夹角的角度，所述扩散屏的垂直扩散角度为所述入射光与所述出射光之间，沿垂直面夹角的角度，所述入射光为入射至所述扩散屏的光，所述出射光为从所述扩散屏出射的光。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述扩散屏的水平扩散角度为零度。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括透镜，其中，左眼的位置以及右眼的位置，与第一距离、第二距离以及所述透镜的焦距中至少一项相关；
    所述左眼用于接收所述左眼成像光，所述右眼用于接收所述右眼成像光，所述第一距离为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离，所述第二距离为所述左眼和所述右眼之间的连线，与所述三维 光学模块之间的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述投影仪的焦距与第一距离相关，所述第一距离为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括透镜，其中，所述透镜的焦距，与第一距离以及第二距离中至少一项相关，所述第一距离为所述投影仪镜头与所述三维光学模块之间的距离，所述第二距离为所述左眼和所述右眼之间的连线，与所述三维光学模块之间的距离。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括分光器件，其中，所述分光器件的焦距，与第二距离、所述分光器件的子模块在水平面内的宽度以及目标区域在水平面内的宽度中的至少一项相关，所述子模块用于将一束所述成像光分光为一路所述左眼成像光以及一路所述右眼成像光；用于接收所述左眼成像光的左眼和用于接收所述右眼成像光的右眼在所述目标区域内移动。
  12. 一种三维投影光源，其特征在于，包括投影仪以及三维光学模块；
    所述投影仪用于向所述三维光学模块投射成像光；
    所述三维光学模块用于汇聚所述成像光并出射左眼成像光以及右眼成像光，其中，所述左眼成像光和所述右眼成像光为所述成像光进行扩散以及分光所获得，所述左眼成像光的传输方向，不同于所述右眼成像光的传输方向，且所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光用于形成三维虚像。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的三维投影光源，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括扩散屏、透镜以及分光器件，且所述扩散屏、所述透镜以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；
    所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述透镜；
    所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；
    所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的三维投影光源，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、分光器件以及扩散屏，且所述透镜、所述分光器件以及所述扩散屏与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；
    所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；
    所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，并向所述扩散屏投射所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光；
    所述扩散屏用于分别扩散接收到的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的三维投影光源，其特征在于，所述三维光学模块包括透镜、扩散屏以及分光器件，且所述透镜、所述扩散屏以及所述分光器件与所述投影仪之间的距离依次递增；
    所述透镜用于汇聚接收到的所述成像光至所述扩散屏；
    所述扩散屏用于扩散接收到的所述成像光至所述分光器件；
    所述分光器件用于将接收到的所述成像光分光为所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光。
  16. 一种交通工具，其特征在于，包括挡风玻璃以及如权利要求1至11任一项所述的三维显示装置；
    所述挡风玻璃用于反射来自所述曲面镜的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光，被所述挡风玻璃反射的所述左眼成像光的传输方向，不同于所述右眼成像光的传输方向，且被所述挡风玻璃反射的所述左眼成像光以及所述右眼成像光用于形成三维虚像。
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