WO2024230830A1 - 一种新型冷却线缆 - Google Patents

一种新型冷却线缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024230830A1
WO2024230830A1 PCT/CN2024/092637 CN2024092637W WO2024230830A1 WO 2024230830 A1 WO2024230830 A1 WO 2024230830A1 CN 2024092637 W CN2024092637 W CN 2024092637W WO 2024230830 A1 WO2024230830 A1 WO 2024230830A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
core
plastic crystal
cable according
cooling member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/092637
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
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Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd filed Critical Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024230830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024230830A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H01B7/421—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction for heat dissipation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H01B7/421—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction for heat dissipation
    • H01B7/423—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction for heat dissipation using a cooling fluid

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of cable technology, and more specifically, to a novel cooling cable.
  • the common method to improve the current-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables is to increase the wire diameter, but increasing the wire diameter will cause the size and weight of the high-voltage cables to increase significantly, squeezing the wiring space in the vehicle body and causing the weight of the entire vehicle to increase. Simply increasing the wire diameter of the high-voltage cable is no longer feasible.
  • liquid cooling technology is usually used to dissipate heat from high-voltage cables.
  • the high-voltage cables are provided with liquid cooling pipes connected to the cold source, so that the cooling medium can circulate in the pipeline formed by the cold source and the liquid cooling pipes, and can take away the heat generated by the high-voltage wire core.
  • liquid-cooled cable requires a circulating pump to allow the coolant to circulate in the liquid-cooled pipe of the liquid-cooled cable, and its structure is complex, which is not conducive to production and subsequent maintenance.
  • One object of the present application is to provide a new technical solution for a novel cooling cable.
  • a novel cooling cable comprising an internal first cooling member, a first wire core sleeved around the first cooling member, and a sheath sleeved around the first wire core, the first cooling member comprising a first cooling medium and a first pressure member, the first cooling medium being made of a plastic crystal, and the first pressure member being made of a heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material; when the cooling cable is at room temperature, the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material is in an expanded state, and exerts pressure on the plastic crystal to keep the molecules of the plastic crystal in an ordered state; when the temperature of the first wire core rises, the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material is in a contracted state, and the pressure exerted by the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material on the plastic crystal is reduced, so that the plastic crystal transitions from an ordered state to a disordered state and absorbs heat,
  • the temperature of the first wire core rises, the heat-
  • the first core includes a plurality of first conductors and first insulators that are spaced apart and connected to each other.
  • the material constituting the first cooling member is an insulating material, or the material constituting the first cooling member is a conductive material, and a first insulating layer is provided between the inner periphery of the first core and the first cooling member.
  • a water-absorbing layer is also provided on the outer periphery of the sheath.
  • a second cooling component is arranged between the first wire core and the sheath, and the second cooling component includes a second cooling medium and a second pressure component; the second cooling medium is made of plastic crystal, and the second pressure component is made of heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material.
  • a second annular wire core is sleeved between the second cooling member and the sheath.
  • the second core includes a plurality of second conductors and second insulators that are spaced apart and connected to each other.
  • the material constituting the second cooling member is an insulating material; or, the material constituting the second cooling member is a conductive material, a second insulating layer is arranged between the second cooling member and the periphery of the first core, and a third insulating layer is arranged between the second cooling member and the first core.
  • the sheath is made of conductive material, and a fourth insulating layer is provided between the sheath and the second core.
  • the cross-sectional area occupied by the first cooling member differs from the cross-sectional area occupied by the second cooling member by no more than 20%.
  • the bending radius of the cooling cable is greater than or equal to 3 times the diameter of the cooling cable.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expandable material and the plastic crystals are in granular form and are uniformly mixed and filled in the first cooling member or the second cooling member.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are in sheet form, and the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are filled in the first cooling component or the second cooling component after being sleeved, and the plastic crystal is arranged close to the first wire core or the second wire core.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are in sheet form, the plastic crystal is in two layers, and the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material is arranged between the two layers of plastic crystal and then filled in the second cooling component.
  • the sheath is made of insulating material, and a conductive shielding layer is also provided on the outer periphery of the sheath.
  • the first pressure member made of the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material is always in a state of applying pressure to the first cooling medium made of the plastic crystal, so that the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystal remains in an ordered state.
  • the temperature rise of the first core causes the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material of the first pressure member to shrink, and the pressure on the first cooling medium is reduced.
  • the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals constituting the first cooling medium transitions from an ordered state to a disordered state and generates a low temperature to absorb the heat generated by the first core, so as to cool the first core and prevent the temperature from rising, thereby improving the current-carrying capacity of the first core and reducing the wire diameter of the first core.
  • the temperature of the first core decreases, causing the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material of the first pressure member to expand, squeezing the plastic crystals constituting the first pressure member, so that the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals of the first pressure member transitions from a disordered state to an ordered state again.
  • the cooling cable of the present application has the advantages of simple structure and easy production.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a sixth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a seventh embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to an eighth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a ninth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is another schematic structural diagram of the second cooling member in the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of the second cooling member in the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a first cooling member in the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel cooling cable according to a tenth embodiment of the present application.
  • 101 - first cooling member 101 - first cooling member; 102 - first wire core; 103 - sheath; 104 - first cooling medium; 105 - first pressure member; 106-first conductor; 107-first insulator; 108-first insulating layer; 109-water absorbing layer; 110-second cooling member; 111-second cooling medium; 112-second pressure member; 113-second core; 114-second conductor; 115-second insulator; 116-second insulating layer; 117-third insulating layer; 118-fourth insulating layer; 119-shielding layer; 120-rigid tube.
  • FIG1 it includes an internal first cooling member 101, a first wire core 102 sleeved around the first cooling member 101, and a sheath 103 sleeved around the first wire core 102.
  • the first cooling component 101 includes a first cooling medium 104 and a first pressure component 105.
  • the first cooling medium 104 is made of plastic crystal
  • the first pressure component 105 is made of heat shrinkable and cold expansion material.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material When the cooling cable is at room temperature, the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material is in an expanded state and exerts pressure on the plastic crystal to keep the molecules of the plastic crystal in an ordered state.
  • the temperature of the first core 102 rises, the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material is in a contracted state, and the pressure exerted by the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material on the plastic crystal is reduced, so that the plastic crystal transitions from an ordered state to a disordered state and absorbs heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the first core 102.
  • plastic crystals are highly compressible and reversible, i.e., they can be restored to their original state after compression.
  • the molecules in the plastic crystals are transformed from a disordered state to an ordered arrangement.
  • the pressure on the plastic crystals is reduced, the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals is restored from an ordered state to a disordered state, and at this time the temperature of the plastic crystals drops significantly to cool the first core 102 to prevent the temperature from rising.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material can be antimony, bismuth, gallium, nickel sulfide, vanadate, silica aerogel heat shrinkable and cold expansion powder, gallium indium alloy and cross-linked copolymer of N-isopropyl acrylamide and N-tert-butyl acrylamide, etc. It is in an expanded state under normal temperature conditions or low temperature conditions, but in a contracted state under high temperature conditions.
  • the first core 102 is constructed in a ring shape, and the first cooling member 101 is arranged in the cavity surrounded by the ring-shaped first core 102; when the cooling cable of the present application is in a non-working state or at normal temperature, the first pressure member 105 made of the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material is always in a In a state where the first cooling medium 104 made of plastic crystals is pressurized, the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals is maintained in an ordered state. After the first core 102 is energized, the temperature rise of the first core 102 causes the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material of the first pressure member 105 to shrink, and the pressure on the first cooling medium 104 is reduced.
  • the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals constituting the first cooling medium 104 transitions from an ordered state to a disordered state and generates a low temperature to absorb the heat generated by the first core 102, so as to cool the first core 102 to prevent the temperature from rising, thereby improving the current-carrying capacity of the first core 102 and reducing the wire diameter of the first core 102.
  • the temperature of the first core 102 decreases, causing the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material of the first pressure member 105 to expand, squeezing the plastic crystals constituting the first pressure member 105, so that the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals of the first pressure member 105 transitions from a disordered state again and remains in an ordered state and releases heat.
  • the heat generated by the plastic crystals will diffuse to the surrounding environment and gradually restore the cooling cable to normal temperature.
  • the cooling cable of the present application Compared with liquid-cooled cables that circulate cooling liquid, the cooling cable of the present application has the advantages of simple structure and easy production.
  • the manufacturing method of the cooling cable is as follows: the first cooling component 101 is filled in the cooling cable under high temperature state.
  • the first pressure component 105 made of heat shrinkable and cold expanding material expands, thereby generating pressure on the first cooling medium 104 made of plastic crystals, so that the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals of the first cooling medium 104 transitions from a disordered state to an ordered state, releasing heat and dissipating it to the surrounding environment, thereby reaching a normal temperature state.
  • the first core 102 includes a plurality of first conductors 106 and first insulators 107 that are spaced apart and connected to each other. Adjacent first conductors 106 can be spaced apart and insulated from each other by the first insulators 107, so that the first core 102 can be connected to a plurality of conductive loops. When there are a plurality of first conductors 106 in the first core 102, a portion of them can be connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and another portion can be connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
  • the first core 102 can be connected to a plurality of conductive loops, and a portion of the first conductors 106 can be connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and another portion of the first conductors 106 can be connected to the negative pole of the power supply (the specific number can be allocated according to actual needs), so that the power supply can be transmitted and distributed according to actual needs.
  • Arranging a plurality of first conductors 106 and first insulators 107 that are spaced apart and connected to each other in the first core 102 can achieve the technical effect of improving the transmission efficiency and flexibility of the cable, while enhancing the safety and reliability of the cable.
  • the material constituting the first cooling member 101 is an insulating material, or the material constituting the first cooling member 101 is a conductive material, and a first insulating layer 108 is provided between the inner periphery of the first core 102 and the first cooling member 101 .
  • first cooling component 101 is made of insulating material, electrical insulation between the first core 102 and the first cooling component 101 can be ensured, thereby improving the safety of the cable; if the first cooling component 101 is made of conductive material, a first insulating layer 108 can be arranged between the inner periphery of the first core 102 and the first cooling component 101 to ensure electrical insulation between the first core 102 and the first cooling component 101, thereby also achieving the technical effect of improving the safety of the cable.
  • the material constituting the first cooling component 101 is an insulating material, which means that the first cooling medium 104 and the first pressure component 105 included in the first cooling component 101 are both composed of insulating materials.
  • the first cooling medium 104 can be neopentyl glycol, which is a plastic crystal, and the first pressure component 105 can be made of silica aerogel thermal shrinkage and cold expansion and contraction powder.
  • the volume of the first pressure component 105 expands or contracts, and the pressure of the first pressure component 105 on the first cooling medium 104 is changed, so as to control the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals constituting the first cooling medium 104, so that when the first core 102 generates heat, the plastic crystals in the first pressure component 105 cool down and absorb the heat generated by the first core 102.
  • the material constituting the first cooling member 101 is a conductive material, which means that at least one of the first cooling medium 104 and the first pressure member 105 included in the first cooling member 101 is made of a conductive material.
  • a first insulating layer 108 is provided between the first wire core 102 and the first cooling member 101.
  • the first insulating layer 108 is A rigid insulating layer is formed to prevent the first cooling member 101 from contacting the first wire core 102.
  • the first cooling medium 104 can be neopentyl glycol, which is a plastic crystal.
  • the first pressure member 105 can be made of antimony, bismuth, gallium, nickel sulfide, or vanadate.
  • the first insulating layer 108 is difficult to deform. Therefore, a space with a fixed radial size is formed in the inner cavity of the first insulating layer 108.
  • the volume of the first pressure member 105 expands or contracts in the space with a fixed radial size, and the pressure of the first pressure member 105 on the first cooling medium 104 is changed, so as to control the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystal constituting the first cooling medium 104, so that when the first wire core 102 generates heat, the plastic crystal cools down and absorbs the heat generated by the first wire core 102.
  • a water absorbing layer 109 is also provided on the outer periphery of the sheath 103.
  • the water absorbing layer 109 can prevent water droplets formed by condensation of water vapor on the outer periphery of the sheath 103 from dripping, causing trouble to the user; or damaging the wiring environment in the vehicle;
  • a second cooling member 110 is disposed between the first core 102 and the sheath 103, and the second cooling member 110 includes a second cooling medium 111 and a second pressure member 112; the second cooling medium 111 is made of a plastic crystal, and the second pressure member 112 is made of a heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material.
  • the second cooling member 110 can be provided to quickly absorb the heat generated by the first core 102 together with the first cooling member 101, further improving the current carrying capacity of the second core 113.
  • the manufacturing method of the cooling cable is as follows: the second cooling component 110 is filled in the cooling cable under high temperature state.
  • the second pressure component 112 made of heat shrinkable and cold expanding material expands, thereby generating pressure on the second cooling medium 111 made of plastic crystals, so that the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals in the second cooling medium 111 transitions from a disordered state to an ordered state, releasing heat and dissipating it to the surrounding environment, thereby reaching a normal temperature state.
  • annular second core 113 is sleeved between the second cooling member 110 and the sheath 103 .
  • the first cooling component 101 can cool the first core 102 and the second core 113 at the same time, thereby improving the current carrying capacity of the first core 102 and the second cable; by setting the first core 102 and the second core 113, the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply in the charging circuit can be connected respectively.
  • the second core 113 includes a plurality of second conductors 114 and a second insulator 115 that are spaced apart and connected to each other. Adjacent second conductors 114 can be separated and insulated from each other by the second insulator 115, and in this case, the second core 113 can be connected to a plurality of conductive loops. When there are a plurality of second conductors 114 in the second core 113, a portion of them can be connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and another portion can be connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
  • the material constituting the second cooling member 110 is an insulating material; or, the material constituting the second cooling member 110 is a conductive material, a second insulating layer 116 is arranged between the second cooling member 110 and the outer periphery of the first wire core 102, and a third insulating layer 117 is arranged between the second cooling member 110 and the first wire core 102.
  • the second cooling member 110 is made of an insulating material, it is possible to ensure that the first wire core 102 and the second cooling member 110 are close to each other. Electrical insulation is provided between the first wire core 102 and the second cooling member 110, thereby improving the safety of the cable; if the second cooling member 110 is made of a conductive material, a second insulating layer 116 may be provided between the periphery of the first wire core 102 and the second cooling member 110 to ensure electrical insulation between the first wire core 102 and the second cooling member 110, which can also achieve the technical effect of improving the safety of the cable.
  • the material constituting the second cooling component 110 is an insulating material, which means that the second cooling medium 111 and the second pressure component 112 included in the second cooling component 110 are both composed of insulating materials.
  • the second cooling medium 111 can be neopentyl glycol, which is a plastic crystal, and the second pressure component 112 can be made of silica aerogel thermal shrinkage and cold expansion and contraction powder.
  • the volume of the second pressure component 112 expands or contracts, and the pressure of the second pressure component 112 on the second cooling medium 111 is changed, so as to control the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals constituting the second cooling medium 111, so that when the first core 102 and the second core 113 generate heat, the plastic crystals in the second pressure component 112 cool down and absorb the heat generated by the second core 113.
  • the material constituting the second cooling component 110 is a conductive material, which means that at least one of the second cooling medium 111 and the second pressure component 112 included in the second cooling component 110 is composed of a conductive material.
  • a second insulating layer 116 is arranged between the first core 102 and the second cooling component 110
  • a third insulating layer 117 is arranged between the second core 113 and the second cooling component 110 to prevent the second cooling component 110 from contacting the first core 102 and the second core 113.
  • the second cooling medium 111 can be neopentyl glycol, which is a plastic crystal.
  • the second pressure member 112 can be made of antimony, bismuth, gallium, nickel sulfide, or vanadate.
  • the second insulating layer 116 and the third insulating layer 117 are both rigid insulating layers. Both the second insulating layer 116 and the third insulating layer 117 are difficult to deform. Therefore, a space with a fixed radial dimension can be formed between the second insulating layer 116 and the third insulating layer 117.
  • the volume of the second pressure member 112 expands or contracts, and the pressure of the second pressure member 112 on the second cooling medium 111 is changed, so as to control the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals constituting the second cooling medium 111, so that when the first core 102 and the second core 113 generate heat, the plastic crystals cool down and absorb the heat generated by the second core 113.
  • the sheath 103 is made of a conductive material, and a fourth insulating layer 118 is disposed between the sheath 103 and the second core 113 .
  • the sheath 103 is made of a conductive material, and can be used as a shielding member to prevent the magnetic field generated by the cooling cable during power-on from interfering with the normal use of other control systems, and to prevent the signal transmission in the cooling cable from being distorted by other electromagnetic fields.
  • the fourth insulating layer 118 can prevent the electrical connection between the second core 113 and the sheath 103 from causing safety hazards.
  • the cross-sectional area occupied by the first cooling member 101 and the cross-sectional area occupied by the second cooling member 110 do not differ by more than 20% (specifically, for example, the ratio of the difference between the cross-sectional area occupied by the first cooling member 101 and the cross-sectional area occupied by the second cooling member 110 to the cross-sectional area occupied by the first cooling member 101 or the cross-sectional area occupied by the second cooling member 110 is less than or equal to 20%).
  • the heat generated during the operation of the first wire core 102 and the second wire core 113 can be absorbed at the same time, thereby improving The current carrying capacity of the first core 102 and the second core 113; if the cross-sectional area occupied by the first cooling member 101 differs from the cross-sectional area occupied by the second cooling member 110 by more than 20%, one of the first cooling member 101 and the second cooling member 110 will be too small and cannot absorb the heat generated by the first core 102 and the second core 113 in time, while the other one will be too large, which will also waste the heat absorption capacity of the first cooling medium 104 or the second cooling medium 111 composed of plastic crystals in the other of the first cooling member 101 and the second cooling member 110, and increase the wire diameter of the cooling cable.
  • the bending radius of the cooling cable is greater than or equal to 3 times the diameter of the cooling cable.
  • the bending radius of the cooling cable is greater than or equal to 3 times the diameter of the cooling cable, which can meet the wiring requirements of the high-voltage cable between the energy storage battery and the electric motor; however, it is also preferred that the bending radius of the cable is greater than or equal to 5 times the diameter of the cable, which meets the requirements of international practice.
  • the bending radius of the cable is greater than or equal to 3 times the diameter of the cable, which can avoid the small bending radius from squeezing the first cooling member and/or the second cooling member, thereby causing the state of the plastic crystal to change unexpectedly.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expandable material and the plastic crystals are in granular form and are uniformly mixed and filled in the first cooling member 101 or the second cooling member 110 .
  • the first cooling member 101 is composed of a uniform mixture of heat shrinkable and cold expansion material particles and plastic crystal particles, and is arranged in a space with fixed radial dimensions inside the first core 102. At room temperature or when the first core 102 is not working, the plastic crystal particles in the first cooling medium 104 are squeezed by the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material in the first pressure member 105 to keep the crystal arrangement in an ordered state.
  • the first pressure member 105 made of the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material will shrink when subjected to the high temperature of the first core 102, reducing the pressure on the plastic crystals of the first cooling medium 104, and the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals will recover from an ordered state to a disordered state. In this process, the first cooling medium 104 will generate low temperature to absorb the heat generated by the first core 102 during the charging process.
  • the second cooling member 110 is composed of a uniformly mixed heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material particles and plastic crystal particles, and is arranged in a space with fixed radial dimensions between the first core 102 and the second core 113.
  • the plastic crystal particles in the second cooling medium 111 are squeezed by the heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material in the second pressure member 112 to keep the crystal arrangement in an ordered state.
  • the second pressure member 112 made of heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material will shrink when subjected to high temperatures of the first core 102 and/or the second core 113, reducing the pressure on the plastic crystals of the second cooling medium 111, and the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals will recover from an ordered state to a disordered state.
  • the second cooling medium 111 will generate low-temperature to absorb the heat generated by the first core 102 and the second core 113 during the charging process.
  • the first cooling member 101 is mixed and filled in the first cooling member 101.
  • the first cooling member 101 can be understood as “the heat shrinkable cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are in granular form, and are evenly mixed and filled to form a columnar shape in the first cooling member 101".
  • a rigid tube 120 is arranged in the circular cavity inside the first wire core 102, and the first cooling member 101 is arranged between the outer periphery of the rigid tube 120 and the first wire core 102 and the inner periphery.
  • the first cooling member 101 can also be a granular heat shrinkable cold expansion material and a granular The plastic crystal material is mixed to form.
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are in sheet form, and the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are filled in the first cooling component 101 or the second cooling component 110 after being sleeved, and the plastic crystal is arranged close to the first core 102 or the second core 113.
  • the first cooling medium 104 in the first cooling component 101 is close to the first wire core 102, and the plastic crystals in the first cooling medium 104 in the first cooling component 101 decrease as the pressure of the first pressure component 105 in the first cooling component 101 decreases and the temperature of the plastic crystals decreases, thereby absorbing the heat generated by the first wire core 102 and improving the current carrying capacity of the first wire core 102;
  • the second cooling medium 111 in the second cooling component 110 is close to the second wire core 113, and the plastic crystals in the second cooling medium 111 in the second cooling component 110 decrease as the pressure of the second pressure component 112 in the second cooling component 110 decreases and the temperature of the plastic crystals decreases, thereby absorbing the heat generated by the second wire core 113 and improving the current carrying capacity of the second wire core 113.
  • a rigid tube 120 is disposed in the circular cavity inside the first wire core 102, as shown in FIG12, and a first cooling member 101 is disposed between the outer periphery of the rigid tube 120 and the inner periphery of the first wire core 102.
  • the sheet-like plastic crystals constituting the first cooling medium 104 in the first cooling member 101 are disposed close to the inner periphery of the first wire core 102, and the sheet-like heat-shrinkable and cold-expandable material constituting the first pressure member 105 in the first cooling member 101 is disposed between the first cooling member 101 and the outer periphery of the rigid tube 120.
  • the embodiment of the first cooling member 101 shown in FIG12 can be applied to any of the embodiments in FIG1 to FIG9.
  • the second cooling component 110 and the first cooling component 101 may have the same structure, and the structural schematic diagram of the first cooling component 101 may refer to the structural schematic diagram of the second cooling component 110 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material and the plastic crystal are in sheet form, the plastic crystal is two layers, and the heat shrinkable and cold expansion material is arranged between the two layers of plastic crystal and then filled in the second cooling component 110 .
  • the number of layers of plastic crystals is two, and the two layers of plastic crystals are respectively close to the first core 102 and the second core 113, and are respectively constructed into two layers of second cooling medium 111.
  • the lattice arrangement of the plastic crystals in each second cooling medium 111 changes due to the pressure reduction of the second pressure component 112 made of a thermally shrinkable and thermally expandable material therebetween, so that the temperature of the plastic crystals decreases, absorbing the heat generated by the first core 102 and the second core 113, cooling the first core 102 and the second core 113, and improving the current carrying capacity of the first core 102 and the second core 113.
  • the second cooling component 110 may also have the same structure as the first cooling component 101 , and the structural schematic diagram of the first cooling component 101 may refer to the structural schematic diagram of the second cooling component 110 as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the sheath 103 is made of insulating material, and a conductive shielding layer 119 is also sleeved around the outer periphery of the sheath 103.
  • the shielding layer 119 is provided to prevent the magnetic field generated by the cooling cable during the power-on process from interfering with the normal use of other control systems, and at the same time, to prevent the signal transmission in the cooling cable from being distorted due to interference from other electromagnetic fields.
  • contour lines of each part in the cross section of the cooling cable of the present application can be circular, or can be square or polygonal as shown in FIG. 13 .

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Abstract

一种冷却线缆，包括内部的第一冷却构件，套设第一冷却构件外周的第一线芯，以及套设在第一线芯外周的护套，第一冷却构件包括第一冷却介质和第一施压构件，第一冷却介质材质为塑性晶体，第一施压构件材质为热缩冷涨材料；冷却线缆处于常温状态下，热缩冷涨材料处于膨胀状态，并对塑性晶体施加压力，以使塑性晶体的分子保持在有序状态；当第一线芯的温度升高，热缩冷涨材料处于收缩状态，热缩冷涨材料对塑性晶体施加的压力减小，以使塑性晶体从有序状态过渡到无序状态并吸收热量，使第一线芯的温度降低。根据提供的冷却线缆，冷却第一线芯，提高第一线芯的载流能力，相较于流通冷却液的液冷线缆结构简单易于生产。

Description

一种新型冷却线缆
相关申请
本申请要求于2023年5月11日递交的申请号为202310527453.9的中国专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及线缆技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种新型冷却线缆。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车行业的快速发展，电动汽车的续航里程不断提高，电池的容量也越来越大，需要提升连接新能源汽车的蓄能电池与车辆电动机之间高压线缆的载流能力，提升高压线缆的载流能力常用方法是增大线径，但增大线径导致高压线缆尺寸和重量也大幅提升，挤占车身内布线空间，且导致整车重量上升，单纯增大高压线缆线径已不可行。
目前，通常采用液冷技术对高压线缆进行散热，高压线缆内部具有与冷源连通的液冷管道，从而冷却介质可以在冷源和液冷管道构成的管路中循环流动，可以将高压线芯所产生的热量带走。
然而，液冷线缆需要利用循环泵使得冷却液在液冷线缆的液冷管道中循环流动，其结构复杂，不利于生产以及后期维护。
因此，本领域技术人员亟需一种既可以降低充电线芯中导体温度又结构简单利于生产的一种新型冷却线缆。
发明内容
本申请的一个目的是提供一种新型冷却线缆的新技术方案。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种新型冷却线缆，包括内部的第一冷却构件，套设第一冷却构件外周的第一线芯，以及套设在第一线芯外周的护套，第一冷却构件包括第一冷却介质和第一施压构件，第一冷却介质材质为塑性晶体，第一施压构件材质为热缩冷涨材料；冷却线缆处于常温状态下，热缩冷涨材料处于膨胀状态，并对塑性晶体施加压力，以使塑性晶体的分子保持在有序状态；当第一线芯的温度升高，热缩冷涨材料处于收缩状态，热缩冷涨材料对塑性晶体施加的压力减小，以使塑性晶体从有序状态过渡到无序状态并吸收热量， 使第一线芯的温度降低。
可选地，第一线芯包括多个间隔设置并相互连接的第一导体和第一绝缘体。
可选地，构成第一冷却构件的材料为绝缘材料，或者，构成第一冷却构件的材料为导电材料，第一线芯内周和第一冷却构件之间设置第一绝缘层。
可选地，护套外周还套设吸水层。
可选地，第一线芯与护套之间设置第二冷却构件，第二冷却构件包括第二冷却介质和第二施压构件；第二冷却介质材质为塑性晶体，第二施压构件材质为热缩冷涨材料。
可选地，第二冷却构件与护套之间套设环状的第二线芯。
可选地，第二线芯包括多个间隔设置并相互连接的第二导体和第二绝缘体。
可选地，构成第二冷却构件的材料为绝缘材料；或者，构成第二冷却构件的材料为导电材料，第二冷却构件与第一线芯外周之间设置第二绝缘层，第二冷却构件与第一线芯之间设置第三绝缘层。
可选地，护套材质为导电材料，护套与第二线芯之间设置第四绝缘层。
可选地，第一冷却构件所占的横截面积与第二冷却构件所占的横截面积相差不超过20％。
可选地，冷却线缆的弯折半径，大于等于冷却线缆直径的3倍。
可选地，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为颗粒状，并均匀混合填充在第一冷却构件或第二冷却构件内。
可选地，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为片状，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体套设后填充在第一冷却构件或第二冷却构件内，塑性晶体靠近第一线芯或第二线芯设置。
可选地，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为片状，塑性晶体为两层，两层塑性晶体中间设置热缩冷涨材料后填充在第二冷却构件内。
可选地，护套材质为绝缘材料，护套外周还套设导电的屏蔽层。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆，具有如下有益效果：
本申请的冷却线缆处于非工作状态或者常温条件下时，热缩冷涨材料制成的第一施压构件始终处于对塑性晶体制成的第一冷却介质施压的状态，以使塑性晶体的晶格排列方式保持在有序状态，在第一线芯通电后，因第一线芯的温升致使第一施压构件的热缩冷涨材料收缩，第一冷却介质受到的压力减小，构成第一冷却介质的塑性晶体的晶格排列从有序状态过渡到无序状态并产生低温吸收第一线芯产生的热量，以冷却第一线芯防止温度上升，提高第一线芯的载流能力，减小第一线芯的线径。本申请的冷却线缆从工作状态回归到非工作状态的过程中，第一线芯温度降低，致使第一施压构件的热缩冷涨材料膨胀，挤压构成第一施压构件的塑性晶体，以使第一施压构件的塑性晶体的晶格排列再次从无序状态过渡并保持在有序状 态。本申请的冷却线缆相较于流通冷却液的液冷线缆，具有结构简单易于生产的优点。
通过以下参照附图对本申请的示例性实施例的详细描述，本申请的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本申请的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本申请的原理。
图1为本申请提供的第一实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请提供的第二实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图3为本申请提供的第三实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图4为本申请提供的第四实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图5为本申请提供的第五实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图6为本申请提供的第六实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图7为本申请提供的第七实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图8为本申请提供的第八实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图9为本申请提供的第九实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图；
图10为本申请中的第二冷却构件的另一结构示意图；
图11为本申请中的第二冷却构件的另一结构示意图。
图12为本申请中的第一冷却构件的一实施例的结构示意图；
图13为本申请提供的第十实施例的新型冷却线缆的结构示意图。
图中标示如下：
101-第一冷却构件；102-第一线芯；103-护套；104-第一冷却介质；105-第一施压构件；
106-第一导体；107-第一绝缘体；108-第一绝缘层；109-吸水层；110-第二冷却构件；111-第二冷却介质；112-第二施压构件；113-第二线芯；114-第二导体；115-第二绝缘体；116-第二绝缘层；117-第三绝缘层；118-第四绝缘层；119-屏蔽层；120-刚性管。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆，如图1所示，包括内部的第一冷却构件101，套设第一冷却构件101外周的第一线芯102，以及套设在第一线芯102外周的护套103，
第一冷却构件101包括第一冷却介质104和第一施压构件105，第一冷却介质104材质为塑性晶体，第一施压构件105材质为热缩冷涨材料；冷却线缆处于常温状态下，热缩冷涨材料处于膨胀状态，并对塑性晶体施加压力，以使塑性晶体的分子保持在有序状态；当第一线芯102的温度升高，热缩冷涨材料处于收缩状态，热缩冷涨材料对塑性晶体施加的压力减小，以使塑性晶体从有序状态过渡到无序状态并吸收热量，使第一线芯102的温度降低。
常态下塑性晶体的分子结构表现出高度无序性，即晶格排列不规则，但是相对较小的压力便能诱导晶格结构发生改变，从而可在晶体和非晶体之间转换。因此，塑性晶体是可高度压缩的，并且具有可逆性，即压缩后还可再恢复原状。塑性晶体加压后，塑性晶体中的分子从无序状态转变成有序排列。塑性晶体所受到的压力减小后，塑性晶体的晶格排列从有序状态恢复成无序状态，此时塑性晶体的温度大幅度下降，以冷却第一线芯102防止温度上升。
热缩冷涨材料可以是锑、铋、镓、硫化镍、钒酸镐、二氧化硅气凝胶热缩冷胀收缩粉体、镓铟合金和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的交联共聚物等，其在常温条件下或者低温条件下处于膨胀状态，但在高温条件下处于收缩状态，在申请的冷却线缆中，第一线芯102构造成环状，环状的第一线芯102包围形成的空腔中设置第一冷却构件101；本申请的冷却线缆处于非工作状态或者常温条件下，热缩冷涨材料制成的第一施压构件105始终处于对塑性晶体制成的第一冷却介质104施压的状态，以使塑性晶体的晶格排列方式保持在有序状态，在第一线芯102通电后，因第一线芯102的温升致使第一施压构件105的热缩冷涨材料收缩，第一冷却介质104受到的压力减小，构成第一冷却介质104的塑性晶体的晶格排列从有序状态过渡到无序状态并产生低温吸收第一线芯102产生的热量，以冷却第一线芯102防止温度上升，提高第一线芯102的载流能力，减小第一线芯102的线径。本申请的冷却线缆从工作状态回归到非工作状态的过程中，第一线芯102温度降低，致使第一施压构件105的热缩冷涨材料膨胀，挤压构成第一施压构件105的塑性晶体，以使第一施压构件105的塑性晶体的晶格排列再次从无序状态过渡并保持在有序状态且释放出热量，此时塑性晶体产生的热量会向周边环境扩散并使冷却线缆逐渐恢复至常温。
本申请的冷却线缆相较于流通冷却液的液冷线缆，具有结构简单易于生产的优点。
冷却线缆的制作方法：在高温状态下使第一冷却构件101填充在冷却线缆中，在冷却线缆恢复至常温过程中，热缩冷涨材料制成的第一施压构件105发生膨胀，从而对塑性晶体制成的第一冷却介质104产生压力，使第一冷却介质104的塑性晶体的晶格排列从无序状态过渡至有序状态期间释放热量并被周边环境散发掉，进而达到常温状态。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图2所示，第一线芯102包括多个间隔设置并相互连接的第一导体106和第一绝缘体107。相邻第一导体106之间可以通过第一绝缘体107间隔开而彼此绝缘，以使第一线芯102可以连接多个导电回路，在第一线芯102内有多个第一导体106时，其中一部分可以连接电源正极，另一部分可以连接电源负极。
通过在第一线芯102内设置多个间隔开并相互连接的第一导体106和第一绝缘体107，可以使第一线芯102连接多个导电回路，并且其中一部分数量的第一导体106可以连接电源正极，另一部分数量的第一导体106可以连接电源负极(具体数量可以根据实际需要进行分配)，从而可以根据实际需求实现电源的传输和分配。在第一线芯102内设置多个间隔开并相互连接的第一导体106和第一绝缘体107可以实现提高线缆的传输效率和灵活性，同时增强线缆的安全性和可靠性的技术效果。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图3所示，构成第一冷却构件101的材料为绝缘材料，或者，构成第一冷却构件101的材料为导电材料，第一线芯102内周和第一冷却构件101之间设置第一绝缘层108。
如果第一冷却构件101由绝缘材料构成，则可以确保第一线芯102与第一冷却构件101之间电绝缘，从而提高电缆的安全性；如果第一冷却构件101由导电材料构成，则可以在第一线芯102内周和第一冷却构件101之间设置第一绝缘层108，以保证第一线芯102与第一冷却构件101之间的电绝缘，同样可以实现提高电缆的安全性的技术效果。
构成第一冷却构件101的材料为绝缘材料，指的是第一冷却构件101包括的第一冷却介质104以及第一施压构件105均由绝缘材料构成，第一冷却介质104可以是塑性晶体的新戊二醇，第一施压构件105可以由二氧化硅气凝胶热缩冷胀收缩粉体制成，在护套103和第一线芯102之间的径向尺寸固定的空间内，通过第一施压构件105的体积膨胀或收缩，改变第一施压构件105对第一冷却介质104的压力，以此控制构成第一冷却介质104的塑性晶体的晶格排布，以在第一线芯102产生热量时第一施压构件105中的塑性晶体降温吸收第一线芯102产生的热量。
构成第一冷却构件101材料为导电材料，指的是第一冷却构件101包括的第一冷却介质104以及第一施压构件105中的至少一者由导电材料构成，为避免导电材料接触到第一线芯102，所以在第一线芯102和第一冷却构件101之间设置第一绝缘层108，第一绝缘层108为 刚性绝缘层，以避免第一冷却构件101接触到第一线芯102。第一冷却介质104可以是塑性晶体的新戊二醇，第一施压构件105可以由锑、铋、镓、硫化镍、钒酸镐制成，第一绝缘层108均难以发生变形，所以在第一绝缘层108的内腔中形成径向尺寸固定的空间内，在该径向尺寸固定的空间内通过第一施压构件105的体积膨胀或收缩，改变第一施压构件105对第一冷却介质104的压力，以此控制构成第一冷却介质104的塑性晶体的晶格排布，以在第一线芯102产生热量时塑性晶体降温吸收第一线芯102产生的热量。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图4所示，护套103外周还套设吸水层109。在塑性晶体的温度快速降低的过程中，护套103的外周会凝结水汽，设置吸水层109可以防止护套103外周的水汽凝结形成的水珠滴落，对使用者带来困扰；或者，损坏车内布线环境；
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图5所示，第一线芯102与护套103之间设置第二冷却构件110，第二冷却构件110包括第二冷却介质111和第二施压构件112；第二冷却介质111材质为塑性晶体，第二施压构件112材质为热缩冷涨材料。设置第二冷却构件110，可以与第一冷却构件101一同快速吸收第一线芯102产生的热量，进一步提高第二线芯113的载流能力。
冷却线缆的制作方法：在高温状态下使第二冷却构件110填充在冷却线缆中，在冷却线缆恢复至常温过程中，热缩冷涨材料制成的第二施压构件112发生膨胀，从而对塑性晶体制成的第二冷却介质111产生压力，使第二冷却介质111中的塑性晶体的晶格排列从无序状态过渡至有序状态期间释放热量并被周边环境散发掉，进而达到常温状态。
更具体地，如图6所示，第二冷却构件110与护套103之间套设环状的第二线芯113。
构成第二冷却构件110的材料为绝缘材料的情况下，第一冷却构件101可以同时对第一线芯102和第二线芯113进行冷却，提高第一线芯102和第二线缆的载流能力；通过设置第一线芯102和第二线芯113可以分别连接充电线路中的电源正极和电源负极。
更具体地，如图6所示，第二线芯113包括多个间隔设置并相互连接的第二导体114和第二绝缘体115。相邻第二导体114之间可以通过第二绝缘体115间隔开而彼此绝缘，此时第二线芯113可以连接多个导电回路，在第二线芯113内有多个第二导体114时，其中一部分可以连接电源正极，另一部分可以连接电源负极。
更具体地，如图7所示，构成第二冷却构件110的材料为绝缘材料；或者，构成第二冷却构件110的材料为导电材料，第二冷却构件110与第一线芯102外周之间设置第二绝缘层116，第二冷却构件110与第一线芯102之间设置第三绝缘层117。
如果第二冷却构件110由绝缘材料构成，则可以确保第一线芯102与第二冷却构件110 之间电绝缘，从而提高电缆的安全性；如果第二冷却构件110由导电材料构成，则可以在第一线芯102外周和第二冷却构件110之间设置第二绝缘层116，以保证第一线芯102与第二冷却构件110之间的电绝缘，同样可以实现提高电缆的安全性的技术效果。
构成第二冷却构件110的材料为绝缘材料，指的是第二冷却构件110包括的第二冷却介质111以及第二施压构件112均由绝缘材料构成，第二冷却介质111可以是塑性晶体的新戊二醇，第二施压构件112可以由二氧化硅气凝胶热缩冷胀收缩粉体制成，在第一线芯102和第二线芯113之间的径向尺寸固定的空间内，通过第二施压构件112的体积膨胀或收缩，改变第二施压构件112对第二冷却介质111的压力，以此控制构成第二冷却介质111的塑性晶体的晶格排布，以在第一线芯102以及第二线芯113产生热量时第二施压构件112中的塑性晶体降温吸收第二线芯113产生的热量。
构成第二冷却构件110材料为导电材料，指的是第二冷却构件110包括的第二冷却介质111以及第二施压构件112中的至少一者由导电材料构成，为避免导电材料接触到第一线芯102以及第二线芯113，所以在第一线芯102和第二冷却构件110之间设置第二绝缘层116，在第二线芯113和第二冷却构件110之间设置第三绝缘层117，以避免第二冷却构件110接触到第一线芯102和第二线芯113。第二冷却介质111可以是塑性晶体的新戊二醇，第二施压构件112可以由锑、铋、镓、硫化镍、钒酸镐制成，第二绝缘层116和第三绝缘层117均为刚性绝缘层，第二绝缘层116和第三绝缘层117均难以发生变形，所以在第二绝缘层116和第三绝缘层117之间可以形成径向尺寸固定的空间内，在该径向尺寸固定的空间内通过第二施压构件112的体积膨胀或收缩，改变第二施压构件112对第二冷却介质111的压力，以此控制构成第二冷却介质111的塑性晶体的晶格排布，以在第一线芯102以及第二线芯113产生热量时塑性晶体降温吸收第二线芯113产生的热量。
更具体地，如图8所示，护套103材质为导电材料，护套103与第二线芯113之间设置第四绝缘层118。
护套103材质为导电材料，此时护套103可以作为屏蔽构件使用，防止冷却线缆在通电的过程中产生的磁场干扰其他控制系统的正常使用，同时，防止冷却线缆中信号传输受其他电磁场干扰导致失真。第四绝缘层118可以防止第二线芯113和护套103之间发生电连接带来安全隐患。
具体地，第一冷却构件101所占的横截面积与第二冷却构件110所占的横截面积相差不超过20％(具体地，例如第一冷却构件101所占的横截面积和第二冷却构件110所占的横截面积的差值，与第一冷却构件101所占的横截面积或第二冷却构件110所占的横截面积之比，小于或等于20％)。可以同时吸收第一线芯102和第二线芯113工作过程中产生的热量，提高 第一线芯102和第二线芯113的载流能力；第一冷却构件101所占的横截面积与第二冷却构件110所占的横截面积相差超过20％，则会造成第一冷却构件101和第二冷却构件110中一者尺寸过小，不能及时吸收第一线芯102和第二线芯113产生的热量，而另一者尺寸过大，也会浪费掉第一冷却构件101和第二冷却构件110中另一者中的塑性晶体构成的第一冷却介质104或第二冷却介质111的吸收热量的能力，而且增大冷却线缆的线径。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，冷却线缆的弯折半径，大于等于冷却线缆直径的3倍。实际应用中，冷却线缆的弯曲半径大于等于冷却线缆直径的3倍，可以满足蓄能电池和电动机之间的高压线缆的布线要求；然而也可以优选为线缆的弯曲半径大于等于线缆直径的5倍，即符合国际惯例要求。线缆的弯曲半径大于等于线缆直径的3倍，可以避免弯折半径小对第一冷却构件和/或第二冷却构件造成挤压，从而使塑性晶体的状态发生为非预期变化。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图1至图9所示，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为颗粒状，并均匀混合填充在第一冷却构件101或第二冷却构件110内。
第一冷却构件101是由均匀混合的热缩冷涨材料颗粒与塑性晶体颗粒组成，设置在第一线芯102内部径向尺寸固定的空间内，在常温下或者第一线芯102未工作的状态下，第一冷却介质104中的塑性晶体颗粒因第一施压构件105中的热缩冷涨材料的挤压而将晶体排列保持在有序状态，热缩冷涨材质制作的第一施压构件105在受到第一线芯102的高温时会发生收缩，减小对第一冷却介质104的塑性晶体的压力，塑性晶体的晶格排列会从有序状态恢复至无序状态，在这个过程中第一冷却介质104会产生低温吸收第一线芯102在充电过程中产生的热量。
另外，第二冷却构件110是由均匀混合的热缩冷涨材料颗粒与塑性晶体颗粒组成，设置在第一线芯102和第二线芯113之间径向尺寸固定的空间内，在常温下或者第一线芯102和第二线芯113未工作的状态下，第二冷却介质111中塑性晶体颗粒因第二施压构件112中的热缩冷涨材料的挤压而将晶体排列保持在有序状态，热缩冷涨材质制作的第二施压构件112在受到第一线芯102和/或第二线芯113的高温时会发生收缩，减小对第二冷却介质111的塑性晶体的压力，塑性晶体的晶格排列会从有序状态恢复至无序状态，在这个过程中第二冷却介质111会产生低温吸收第一线芯102以及第二线芯113在充电过程中产生的热量。
混合填充在第一冷却构件101内，第一冷却构件101可以理解成“热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为颗粒状，并均匀混合填充形成第一冷却构件101内形成柱状”，或者，如图12所示，第一线芯102的内部的圆形空腔中设置刚性管120，刚性管120的外周与第一线芯102和内周之间设置第一冷却构件101，此时第一冷却构件101也可以是颗粒状热缩冷涨材料和颗粒 状塑性晶体材料混合形成。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图10所示，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为片状，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体套设后填充在第一冷却构件101或第二冷却构件110内，塑性晶体靠近第一线芯102或第二线芯113设置。
具体实施时，第一冷却构件101中的第一冷却介质104靠近第一线芯102，第一冷却构件101中的第一冷却介质104中的塑性晶体，随着第一冷却构件101中的第一施压构件105的压力减小而塑性晶体温度降低，吸收第一线芯102产生的热量，提高第一线芯102的载流能力；第二冷却构件110中的第二冷却介质111靠近第二线芯113，第二冷却构件110中的第二冷却介质111中的塑性晶体，随着第二冷却构件110中的第二施压构件112的压力减小的而塑性晶体温度降低，吸收第二线芯113产生的热量，提高第二线芯113的载流能力。
第一线芯102的内部的圆形空腔中设置刚性管120，如图12所示，刚性管120的外周与第一线芯102的内周之间设置第一冷却构件101，此时第一冷却构件101中构成第一冷却介质104的片状塑性晶体靠近第一线芯102内周设置，第一冷却构件101中构成第一施压构件105的片状热缩冷涨材料设置在第一冷却构件101和刚性管120外周之间。图12所示的第一冷却构件101的实施例可以适用图1-图9任一实施例中。
具体实施时，第二冷却构件110和第一冷却构件101可以具有相同的结构，第一冷却构件101的结构示意图可以参考如图10所示的第二冷却构件110的结构示意图。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图11所示，热缩冷涨材料和塑性晶体为片状，塑性晶体为两层，两层塑性晶体中间设置热缩冷涨材料后填充在第二冷却构件110内。
具体实施时，在第二冷却构件110中，塑性晶体的层数为两层，两层塑性晶体分别靠近第一线芯102和第二线芯113，且分别构造成两层第二冷却介质111，每一第二冷却介质111中的塑性晶体的晶格排列依靠二者之间热缩冷涨材料制成的第二施压构件112的压力减小而改变，塑性晶体温度降低，吸收第一线芯102和第二线芯113产生的热量，冷却第一线芯102和第二线芯113，提高第一线芯102和第二线芯113的载流能力。
具体实施时，第二冷却构件110也可以具有与第一冷却构件101相同的结构，第一冷却构件101的结构示意图可以参考如图11所示的第二冷却构件110的结构示意图。
根据本公开的一种新型冷却线缆的一实施例中，如图9所示，护套103材质为绝缘材料，护套103外周还套设导电的屏蔽层119。设置屏蔽层119，防止冷却线缆在通电的过程中产生的磁场干扰其他控制系统的正常使用，同时，防止冷却线缆中信号传输受其他电磁场干扰导致失真。
本申请冷却线缆横截面中的各部分轮廓线可以圆形，也可以如图13所示的方形，多边形等。
虽然已经通过例子对本申请的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本申请的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本申请的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种新型冷却线缆，包括内部的第一冷却构件，套设所述第一冷却构件外周的第一线芯，以及套设在所述第一线芯外周的护套，其特征在于，
    所述第一冷却构件包括第一冷却介质和第一施压构件，所述第一冷却介质材质为塑性晶体，所述第一施压构件材质为热缩冷涨材料；所述冷却线缆处于常温状态下，所述热缩冷涨材料处于膨胀状态，并对所述塑性晶体施加压力，以使所述塑性晶体的分子保持在有序状态；当所述第一线芯的温度升高，所述热缩冷涨材料处于收缩状态，所述热缩冷涨材料对所述塑性晶体施加的压力减小，以使所述塑性晶体从有序状态过渡到无序状态并吸收热量，使所述第一线芯的温度降低。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第一线芯包括多个间隔设置并相互连接的第一导体和第一绝缘体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，构成所述第一冷却构件的材料为绝缘材料，或者，构成所述第一冷却构件的材料为导电材料，所述第一线芯内周和所述第一冷却构件之间设置第一绝缘层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述护套外周还套设吸水层。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第一线芯与所述护套之间设置第二冷却构件，所述第二冷却构件包括第二冷却介质和第二施压构件；所述第二冷却介质材质为塑性晶体，所述第二施压构件材质为热缩冷涨材料。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第二冷却构件与所述护套之间套设环状的第二线芯。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第二线芯包括多个间隔设置并相互连接的第二导体和第二绝缘体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，构成所述第二冷却构件的材料为绝缘材料；或者，构成所述第二冷却构件的材料为导电材料，所述第二冷却构件与所述第一 线芯外周之间设置第二绝缘层，所述第二冷却构件与所述第一线芯之间设置第三绝缘层。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述护套材质为导电材料，所述护套与所述第二线芯之间设置第四绝缘层。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第一冷却构件所占的横截面积与所述第二冷却构件所占的横截面积相差不超过20％。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述冷却线缆的弯折半径，大于等于所述冷却线缆直径的3倍。
  12. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述热缩冷涨材料和所述塑性晶体为颗粒状，并均匀混合填充在所述第一冷却构件或第二冷却构件内。
  13. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述热缩冷涨材料和所述塑性晶体为片状，所述热缩冷涨材料和所述塑性晶体套设后填充在所述第一冷却构件或所述第二冷却构件内，所述塑性晶体靠近所述第一线芯或第二线芯设置。
  14. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述热缩冷涨材料和所述塑性晶体为片状，所述塑性晶体为两层，两层所述塑性晶体中间设置所述热缩冷涨材料后填充在第二冷却构件内。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述护套材质为绝缘材料，所述护套外周还套设导电的屏蔽层。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第一线芯的内部的圆形空腔中设置刚性管，所述刚性管的外周与第一线芯的内周之间设置第一冷却构件。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的新型冷却线缆，其特征在于，所述第一冷却构件中的所述第一冷却介质靠近第一线芯的内周设置，所述第一冷却构件中的所述第一施压构件设置在第一冷却构件和刚性管的外周之间。
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