WO2024229684A1 - 升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置 - Google Patents

升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024229684A1
WO2024229684A1 PCT/CN2023/092918 CN2023092918W WO2024229684A1 WO 2024229684 A1 WO2024229684 A1 WO 2024229684A1 CN 2023092918 W CN2023092918 W CN 2023092918W WO 2024229684 A1 WO2024229684 A1 WO 2024229684A1
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Prior art keywords
runner
lift
resistance
shaft
drag
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2023/092918
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康灿
汪志远
张永超
尹瑾
滕爽
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US18/692,834 priority Critical patent/US12612892B2/en
Publication of WO2024229684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024229684A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F05B2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
    • F05B2250/311—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being in line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • F05B2250/71—Shape curved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation device that generates electricity by using kinetic energy of water to impact runner blades, and in particular to a hydroelectric power generation device that combines lift and resistance, belonging to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation equipment.
  • Hydroelectric power generation devices use tidal energy, wave energy, and river water kinetic energy to generate electricity.
  • the runner converts the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy that rotates the runner shaft.
  • the runner shaft drives the generator rotor to rotate, and the rotor and stator are electromagnetically coupled to output current.
  • the runner with an ordinary structure is subject to a large lateral torque, and there is a risk of the runner bending, which affects the operating stability of the entire power generation device; when the runner shaft is in a vertical direction, the rotation of the runner will cause scouring of the downstream bed layer, thereby damaging the environment, and the rotation of the runner will cause scouring of the downstream solid bed layer.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a hydraulic power generation device with lift and drag combined, which effectively takes into account energy conversion efficiency, starting performance, operation stability and Environmental impact and other aspects.
  • the lift and resistance combined hydroelectric power generation device is characterized in that it comprises a runner shaft and a lift runner, a first-stage resistance runner and a secondary resistance runner coaxially arranged therewith, the runner shaft is rotatably supported on a support frame, the first-stage resistance runner and the secondary resistance runner are arranged in series on the runner shaft, the disc generator is located between the first-stage resistance runner and the secondary resistance runner and fixed on the runner shaft, the lift runner is located at the periphery of the first-stage resistance runner and the secondary resistance runner and connected to the runner shaft, forming a composite structure of an outer single-stage lift runner and an inner two-stage split resistance runner; under the action of water flow, the lift runner generates a torque to rotate the runner shaft through the lift of its blades, and the first-stage resistance runner and the secondary resistance runner generate a torque to rotate the runner shaft through the resistance of their blades, and together the kinetic energy of water is converted into mechanical energy
  • the lift wheel comprises three twisted lift blades, which are installed on the wheel shaft through support rods.
  • support rods are provided at both ends of each twisted lift blade, and the support rods are connected to the impeller shaft through a shaft sleeve and a key, so that the twisted lift blades, the support rods and the impeller shaft rotate synchronously.
  • the airfoil of the twisted lift blade is a NACA0018 airfoil, and the twist angle is 60° to 66°.
  • the twist angle is 65°.
  • the primary resistance wheel and the secondary resistance wheel each include two spiral resistance blades connected to the wheel shaft.
  • the resistance blades of the first resistance wheel and the resistance blades of the secondary resistance wheel are staggered in the circumferential direction.
  • the angle is 90°.
  • the helical angle of the spiral resistance blades is 80° to 100°.
  • the helix angle is 90°.
  • the impeller shaft is arranged horizontally.
  • the present invention has significant advantages and beneficial effects, which are specifically embodied in the following aspects:
  • the hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention is uniquely designed, adopting a composite structure of a single-stage lift impeller and a two-stage split resistance impeller, which effectively converts the kinetic energy of the upstream water flow into mechanical energy to drive the generator rotor to rotate, has high hydrodynamic power generation efficiency and fully self-starting performance, and operates stably;
  • the twisted lift blades are highly efficient, and the resistance blades of the first-stage resistance runner and the resistance blades of the secondary resistance runner generate large torques, combining the advantages of the two types of runners; the kinetic energy of the water flow is fully intercepted by the runner and converted into power to rotate the runner shaft, with high working efficiency;
  • the lift blades are twisted and the resistance blades are spiral, both of which can adapt to flows from different directions; the impeller can rotate regardless of the direction of the water flow, which enhances the starting performance of the entire power generation device. Since the impeller can be started, there is no self-starting blind spot;
  • Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lift wheel
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the primary resistance wheel and the secondary resistance wheel
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional force of a single lift blade
  • Figure 5 Cross-sectional force diagram of a single resistance blade.
  • a hydraulic power generation device with lift and resistance comprises a runner shaft 3 and a lift runner, a primary resistance runner and a secondary resistance runner coaxially arranged therewith, the runner shaft 3 is arranged horizontally and rotatably supported on a support frame 7, the primary resistance runner and the secondary resistance runner are arranged in series on the runner shaft 3, a disc generator 5 is located between the primary resistance runner and the secondary resistance runner and fixed on the runner shaft 3, the primary resistance runner comprises two spiral resistance blades 4, the secondary resistance runner comprises two spiral resistance blades 6, both of which are connected to the runner shaft 3, the resistance blades 4 of the primary resistance runner and the resistance blades 6 of the secondary resistance runner are staggered in the circumferential direction, the circumferential stagger angle is 90°, the spiral angles of the resistance blades 4 of the primary resistance runner and the resistance blades 6 of the secondary resistance runner are both 80° to 100°, preferably 90°;
  • the lift wheel is located at the periphery of the primary resistance wheel and the secondary resistance wheel and connected to the wheel shaft.
  • the lift wheel comprises three twisted lift blades 1 which are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction.
  • Support rods 2 are arranged at both ends of each twisted lift blade 1.
  • the six support rods 2 are connected to the wheel shaft 3 through bushings and keys, so that the twisted lift blades 1, the support rods 2 and the wheel shaft 3 rotate synchronously.
  • the airfoil of the twisted lift blade 1 is a NACA0018 airfoil, and the twist angle is 60° to 66°, preferably 65°.
  • the cross section of the support rod 2 and the cross section of the twisted lift blade 1 are both NACA0018 airfoils.
  • a composite structure of an outer single-stage lift impeller and an inner two-stage split resistance impeller is formed.
  • the impact of the water flow causes the lift wheel, the first-stage resistance wheel and the secondary resistance wheel to rotate;
  • the wheel shaft is arranged horizontally, and when the water flow interacts with the twisted lift blades 1 located on the periphery, the lift generated by the blades under the action of the water flow is used to form a torque that rotates the wheel shaft 3; when the water flow interacts with the four blades of the resistance blades 4 of the first-stage resistance wheel and the resistance blades 6 of the secondary resistance wheel located on the inner side, a pressure difference is generated on the surface of each blade on both sides, and then a resultant force is generated to rotate the resistance blades, forming a torque that drives the wheel shaft 3 to rotate.
  • the wheel shaft is rigidly connected to the disc generator rotor, so the generator rotor rotates, and couples with the stator to generate an induced electromotive force and output current.
  • the twisted lift blades 1 are highly efficient, and the resistance blades 4 of the first-stage resistance impeller and the resistance blades 6 of the secondary resistance impeller generate large torque.
  • the power generation device of the present invention combines the advantages of the two types of impellers. After the water flow passes through the twisted lift blades 1 and the resistance blades 4 of the first-stage resistance impeller and the resistance blades 6 of the secondary resistance impeller, the kinetic energy of the water flow is fully intercepted by the impeller and converted into power to rotate the impeller shaft 3. Therefore, the working efficiency of the impeller is relatively high, which significantly improves the working efficiency.
  • both can adapt to the flow from different directions. In other words, no matter which direction the water flow comes from, the impeller can rotate, which enhances the starting performance of the entire power generation device. Since the impeller can be started, there is no self-starting blind spot.
  • the impeller shaft is horizontally arranged and supported at both ends, and the disc generator is placed between the primary resistance impeller and the secondary resistance impeller, the roll moment generated by the water flow on the entire impeller assembly is borne by the bracket and will not cause bending of the impeller shaft, thereby greatly enhancing the overall operating stability of the power generation device of the present invention.
  • the fluid downstream of the impeller migrates downstream in a spiral shape with the horizontal line as the axis. Since there is a certain vertical distance between the impeller and the downstream bed layer, the fluid downstream of the impeller will not shear or dig the bed layer, thereby reducing the scouring of the downstream bed layer by the rotation of the impeller.
  • the incoming flow flows to the power generation device of the present invention in a direction perpendicular to the rotor shaft. Not only the lift blades generate power to rotate the rotor under the action of lift, but the resistance blades will also rotate, fully converting the kinetic energy of the water into Converted into mechanical energy.
  • the incoming flow flows from the axial direction to the impeller. Since the two-stage resistance-type impeller blades located on the inner side are both spiral, as long as the water flows into the space surrounded by the spiral blades, it will generate a force to push the spiral blades to rotate, thereby driving the impeller shaft, lift blades and generator rotor to rotate.
  • the hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention is novel in design, adopts a composite structure of single-stage lift blades and two-stage resistance blades, effectively converts the kinetic energy of the upstream water flow into mechanical energy for driving the generator rotor to rotate, has high hydrodynamic power generation efficiency and complete self-starting performance, and operates stably, ensuring the energy conversion efficiency, starting performance and operating stability of the power generation device, and has no effect on the downstream bed and the surrounding environment, and is suitable for wide promotion and application in clusters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，包括转轮轴以及与其同轴设置的升力转轮、首级阻力转轮、次级阻力转轮，转轮轴旋转支撑于支撑架上，首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮串联设置于转轮轴上，盘式发电机位于首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮中间并安装于转轮轴上，升力转轮位于首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮的外围并连接于转轮轴上；在水流的作用下，升力转轮通过其叶片升力产生使转轮轴旋转的力矩，首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮通过其叶片阻力产生使转轮轴旋转的力矩，共同将水动能转化为使盘式发电机转子旋转的机械能。单级升力叶轮与两级分体阻力叶轮复合的结构，将上游水流动能转化为驱动发电机转子旋转的机械能，具有较高发电效率和完全自启动性能。

Description

升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及采用水流动能冲击转轮叶片而发电的水力发电装置，尤其涉及一种升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，属于水力发电装备技术领域。
背景技术
水力发电装置利用潮汐能、波浪能、河流水动能实现发电，在水流的冲击作用下，转轮将水流动能转换为使转轮轴旋转的机械能，转轮轴带动发电机转子旋转，转子与定子发生电磁耦合，输出电流。具有普通结构的转轮承受的侧向力矩较大，转轮有弯曲的风险，整个发电装置的运行稳定性受到影响；当转轮轴为垂直方向时，转轮旋转会对下游床层构成冲刷，从而破坏环境，且转轮的旋转对下游固体床层造成冲刷。
另外，从运行效率考虑，单纯阻力型的转轮产生的力矩较大，但能量转换效率较低；单纯升力型的转轮的能量转换效率较高，但启动性能较差。大型发电装置的尺寸较大，单机成本较高，且安装不灵活，在近海岸或浅水地域，适应性较差。
因此，亟需研发一种兼顾效率、启动性能、运行稳定性、制造成本与集群化应用的水力发电装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，有效兼顾能量转换效率、启动性能、运行稳定性以及对 环境影响等方面。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：
升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，特点是：包含转轮轴以及与其同轴设置的升力转轮、首级阻力转轮、次级阻力转轮，所述转轮轴旋转支撑于支撑架上，首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮串联设置于转轮轴上，盘式发电机位于首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮中间并固定于转轮轴上，升力转轮位于首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮的外围并连接于转轮轴上，形成外层的单级升力转轮与内层的两级分体阻力转轮复合的结构；水流的作用，升力转轮通过其叶片升力产生使转轮轴旋转的力矩，首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮通过其叶片阻力产生使转轮轴旋转的力矩，共同将水动能转化为使盘式发电机转子旋转的机械能。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，所述升力转轮包含三只扭曲型升力叶片，通过支撑杆安装在转轮轴上。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，每只扭曲型升力叶片的两端均设置支撑杆，支撑杆通过轴套和键与转轮轴联接，使扭曲型升力叶片、支撑杆、转轮轴同步旋转。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，所述扭曲型升力叶片的翼型为NACA0018翼型，扭曲角为60°～66°。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，所述扭曲角为65°。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，所述首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮均包含两只螺旋形阻力叶片，连接于转轮轴上。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片与次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片于周向呈错开设置，周向错开 角度为90°。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，螺旋形阻力叶片的螺旋角均为80°～100°。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，螺旋角为90°。
进一步地，上述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其中，所述转轮轴呈水平设置。
本发明与现有技术相比具有显著的优点和有益效果，具体体现在以下方面：
①本发明水力发电装置设计独特，采用单级升力叶轮与两级分体阻力叶轮复合的结构形式，有效将上游水流的动能转化为驱动发电机转子旋转的机械能，具有较高的水动力发电效率和完全自启动性能，运行稳定；
②扭曲型升力叶片的效率高，首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片和次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片产生的力矩大，集合了两类转轮的优势；水流的动能被转轮充分截获，转化为使转轮轴旋转的动力，工作效率较高；
③升力叶片为扭曲形，阻力叶片为螺旋形，两者均能够适应不同方向的来流；无轮水流来自何方向，转轮均能够旋转，增强整个发电装置的启动性能，因转轮均可启动，所以无自启动盲区；
④转轮下游的流体以水平线为轴、呈螺旋卷裹状向下游迁移，由于转轮与下游床层之间存在一定垂直距离，所以转轮下游的流体不会对床层产生剪切、挖掘作用，对周围环境和下游河床的干扰极小；
⑤充分兼顾和保证发电的能量转换效率、启动性能和运行稳定性，且对下游床层和周围环境无影响，适于集群化广泛推广应用。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书阐述，并且，部分地从说 明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明具体实施方式了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的说明书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1：本发明装置的结构示意图；
图2：升力转轮的结构示意图；
图3：首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮的结构示意图；
图4：单只升力叶片的截面受力示意图；
图5：单只阻力叶片的截面受力示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步 定义和解释。同时，在本发明的描述中，方位术语和次序术语等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
如图1～3所示，升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，包含转轮轴3以及与其同轴设置的升力转轮、首级阻力转轮、次级阻力转轮，转轮轴3呈水平设置，旋转自如地支撑于支撑架7上，首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮串联设置于转轮轴3上，盘式发电机5位于首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮中间并固定于转轮轴3上，首级阻力转轮包含两只螺旋形阻力叶片4，次级阻力转轮包含两只螺旋形阻力叶片6，均连接于转轮轴3上，首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片4与次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片6于周向呈错开设置，周向错开角度为90°，首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片4与次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片6的螺旋角均为80°～100°，优选90°；
升力转轮位于首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮的外围并连接于转轮轴上，升力转轮包含三只扭曲型升力叶片1，于周向呈均匀间隔设置，每只扭曲型升力叶片1的两端均设置支撑杆2，六只支撑杆2通过轴套和键与转轮轴3联接，使扭曲型升力叶片1、支撑杆2、转轮轴3同步旋转；扭曲型升力叶片1的翼型为NACA0018翼型，扭曲角为60°～66°，优选65°；支撑杆2的断面与扭曲型升力叶片1的断面同为NACA0018翼型；
形成外层的单级升力叶轮与内层的两级分体阻力叶轮复合的结构。
以单只升力叶片的截面受力为例说明其对转轮轴旋转的推动作用，如图4，来流方向自左向右，叶片截面在水流作用下产生的合力为F，其可分解为指向转轮轴线的力FN与沿圆周切线方向的分力FC，FN对升力叶片的旋转无贡献，而FC产生使升力叶片旋转的力矩。
以单只阻力叶片的截面受力为例说明其对转轮轴旋转的推动作用，如图5，来流方向自左向右，叶片截面在水流作用下产生的合力为F，其可分解为与转轮轴线相交的力分量FD与垂直于FD的力分量FW，FD对阻力叶片的旋转无贡献，而FW产生使阻力叶片旋转的力矩。
水流的冲击作用，使升力转轮和首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮均旋转；转轮轴水平设置，水流与位于外围的扭曲型升力叶片1发生相互作用时，利用叶片在水流作用下产生的升力，形成使转轮轴3旋转的力矩；水流与位于内侧的首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片4和次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片6的四只叶片发生相互作用时，在每个叶片两侧表面产生压差，进而产生使阻力叶片旋转的合力，形成驱动转轮轴3旋转的力矩，转轮轴与盘式发电机转子刚性联结，故发电机转子旋转，与定子产生发生耦合作用，产生感应电动势，输出电流。
当水流与转轮叶片相互作用时，扭曲型升力叶片1的效率高，首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片4和次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片6产生的力矩大，本发明发电装置集合了两类转轮的优势；且水流流经扭曲型升力叶片1与首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片4和次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片6后，水流的动能被转轮充分截获，转化为使转轮轴3旋转的动力，因此转轮的工作效率较高，显著提高了工作效率。
由于升力叶片为扭曲形，阻力叶片为螺旋形，两者均能够适应不同方向的来流。换言之，无轮水流来自何方向，转轮均能够旋转，增强整个发电装置的启动性能，因转轮均可启动，所以无自启动盲区。
由于转轮轴为水平设置，采取两端支承方式，盘式发电机置于首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮中间，故水流对整个转轮组合产生的侧倾力矩由支架承受，不会引起转轮轴的弯曲，大大增强本发明发电装置的整体运行稳定性。
转轮下游的流体以水平线为轴、呈螺旋卷裹状向下游迁移，由于转轮与下游床层之间存在一定垂直距离，故转轮下游的流体不会对床层产生剪切、挖掘作用，减轻转轮旋转对下游床层的冲刷。
来流以垂直于转轮轴的方向流向本发明发电装置，不但升力叶片在升力作用下产生使转轮旋转的动力，阻力叶片也将会旋转，将水流动能充分 转化为机械能。
来流自轴向流向转轮，由于位于内侧的两级阻力型转轮叶片均为螺旋形，只要水流进入螺旋形叶片包围的空间，就会产生推动螺旋叶片旋转的力，从而带动转轮轴、升力叶片和发电机转子旋转。
综上所述，本发明水力发电装置设计新颖，采用单级升力叶片与两级阻力叶片复合的结构形式，有效将上游水流的动能转化为驱动发电机转子旋转的机械能，具有较高的水动力发电效率和完全自启动性能，运行稳定，保证发电装置的能量转换效率、启动性能和运行稳定性，且对下游床层和周围环境无影响，适于集群化广泛推广应用。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者 设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (10)

  1. 升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：包含转轮轴以及与其同轴设置的升力转轮、首级阻力转轮、次级阻力转轮，所述转轮轴旋转支撑于支撑架上，首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮串联设置于转轮轴上，盘式发电机位于首级阻力转轮与次级阻力转轮中间并安装于转轮轴上，升力转轮位于首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮的外围并连接于转轮轴上，形成外层的单级升力转轮与内层的两级分体阻力转轮复合的结构；在水流的作用下，升力转轮通过其叶片升力产生使转轮轴旋转的力矩，首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮通过其叶片阻力产生使转轮轴旋转的力矩，共同将水动能转化为使盘式发电机转子旋转的机械能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：所述升力转轮包含三只扭曲型升力叶片，通过支撑杆安装在转轮轴上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：每只扭曲型升力叶片的两端均设置支撑杆，支撑杆通过轴套和键与转轮轴联接，使扭曲型升力叶片、支撑杆、转轮轴同步旋转。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：所述扭曲型升力叶片的翼型为NACA0018翼型，扭曲角为60°～66°。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：所述扭曲角为65°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：所述首级阻力转轮和次级阻力转轮均包含两只螺旋形阻力叶片，连接于转轮轴上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：首级阻力转轮的阻力叶片与次级阻力转轮的阻力叶片于周向呈错开设置，周向错开角度为90°。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：螺旋形阻力叶片的螺旋角均为80°～100°。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：螺旋角为90°。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的升力与阻力复合的水力发电装置，其特征在于：所述转轮轴呈水平设置。
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