WO2024221998A1 - 层间多次波的速度识别方法及装置 - Google Patents

层间多次波的速度识别方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024221998A1
WO2024221998A1 PCT/CN2023/141466 CN2023141466W WO2024221998A1 WO 2024221998 A1 WO2024221998 A1 WO 2024221998A1 CN 2023141466 W CN2023141466 W CN 2023141466W WO 2024221998 A1 WO2024221998 A1 WO 2024221998A1
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Prior art keywords
propagation
waves
interlayer
multiple waves
order
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢俊法
徐兴荣
杨哲
韩令贺
雍运动
赵玉合
王一惠
藏胜涛
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China National Petroleum Corp
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China National Petroleum Corp
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Priority to US18/861,922 priority Critical patent/US20250291080A1/en
Publication of WO2024221998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024221998A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
    • G01V1/305—Travel times
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of exploration geophysics, and in particular to a method and device for identifying the velocity of interlayer multiple waves.
  • multiple waves are regarded as a kind of coherent noise that seriously interferes with the primary wave, which not only reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, but also seriously affects the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging, bringing adverse effects on subsequent interpretation work.
  • Multiple waves can be divided into interlayer multiple waves and surface multiple waves. The velocity difference between surface multiple waves and primary waves is large, and they are relatively easier to identify and suppress.
  • Interlayer multiple waves are generated by multiple reflections of seismic waves between underground interfaces. Their dynamic and kinematic characteristics are highly similar to those of primary waves, making them difficult to identify and suppress. As the order of interlayer multiple waves increases, the difference between interlayer multiple waves and primary waves increases, making them easier to identify and suppress. Therefore, the lower the order of interlayer multiple waves, the closer they are to the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of primary waves. In particular, when the distance between the two reflection interfaces that generate interlayer multiple waves is small, it is very difficult to identify low-order interlayer multiple waves. There is no solution to this problem in the prior art.
  • the present application provides a velocity identification method for interlayer multiple waves, which is used to effectively identify interlayer multiple waves and provide a basis and means for suppressing interlayer multiple waves.
  • the method includes:
  • the propagation speed and propagation time of interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave are calculated step by step, and the propagation speed and propagation time of multiple waves between lower layers are obtained. broadcast duration;
  • Interlayer multiple waves are identified based on the propagation speed and propagation duration of the low-level interlayer multiple waves, the layer generating the low-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the low-level interlayer multiple waves, combined with the velocity spectrum.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a velocity identification device for interlayer multiple waves, which is used to effectively identify interlayer multiple waves and provide a basis and means for suppressing interlayer multiple waves.
  • the device includes:
  • the first acquisition module is used to acquire the velocity spectrum and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the formation
  • a second acquisition module is used to pick up the velocities of multiple energy groups whose energies exceed a preset value from the velocity spectrum, and obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple primary waves;
  • a calculation module is used to calculate the propagation speed and propagation time of the interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave step by step according to the propagation time and propagation speed of multiple primary waves and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the stratum, so as to obtain the propagation speed and propagation time of the lower-layer interlayer multiple waves; determine the layer generating the lower-layer interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower-layer interlayer multiple waves;
  • the identification module is used to identify the interlayer multiple waves according to the propagation speed and propagation time of the low-level interlayer multiple waves, the layer generating the low-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the low-level interlayer multiple waves in combination with the velocity spectrum.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method when executing the computer program.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • a computer program product which includes a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method is implemented.
  • the velocity spectrum and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the stratum are obtained; the velocities of multiple energy groups whose energy exceeds the preset value are picked up from the velocity spectrum to obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple primary waves; according to the propagation durations and velocities of multiple primary waves, combined with the propagation paths of the interlayer multiple waves in the stratum, the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave are calculated step by step to obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves; the layer generating the lower-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves are determined; according to the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves, the layer generating the lower-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves, combined with the velocity spectrum, the interlayer multiple waves are identified.
  • the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves are calculated, and then the interlayer multiple waves are identified in combination with the velocity spectrum, which can not only identify the velocity spectrum of the interlayer multiple waves, but also obtain the layer and order generating the interlayer multiple waves, providing effective information for the suppression of the interlayer multiple waves.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying the velocity of interlayer multiple waves provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an example diagram of a velocity model provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG3 is an example diagram of a gather provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is an example diagram of a velocity spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is an example diagram of velocity identification of interlayer multiple waves provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an example diagram of an actual CMP gather and its velocity spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is an example diagram of the recognition results of the actual CMP gathers and their velocity spectra provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a velocity identification device for interlayer multiple waves provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a and/or B may represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • at least one herein represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of.
  • including at least one of A, B, and C may represent including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.
  • the terms “include”, “including”, “have”, “contain”, etc. are all open terms, which mean including but not limited to.
  • the descriptions with reference to the terms “one embodiment”, “a specific embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “for example”, etc. mean that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.
  • the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures or characteristics described may be appropriately described in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • the order of steps involved in each embodiment is used to schematically illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the order of steps is not limited and can be appropriately adjusted as needed.
  • the present application embodiment provides a method for identifying the velocity of interlayer multiple waves, as shown in FIG1 , comprising:
  • Step 101 Obtaining the velocity spectrum and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the formation
  • Step 102 Pick up the velocities of multiple energy groups whose energies exceed a preset value from the velocity spectrum, and obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple primary waves;
  • Step 103 According to the propagation time and propagation speed of multiple primary waves, combined with the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the formation, the propagation speed and propagation time of the interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave are calculated step by step to obtain the propagation speed and propagation time of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves;
  • Step 104 determining the layer generating the lower layer inter-layer multiple waves and the order of the lower layer inter-layer multiple waves;
  • Step 105 Identify interlayer multiples according to the propagation velocity and propagation duration of the lower-order interlayer multiples, the layer generating the lower-order interlayer multiples, and the order of the lower-order interlayer multiples in combination with the velocity spectrum.
  • a velocity spectrum and a propagation path of multiple interlayer waves in a formation are obtained; the velocities of multiple energy groups whose energies exceed preset values are picked up from the velocity spectrum to obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple primary waves; according to the propagation durations and propagation velocities of multiple primary waves, in combination with the propagation paths of the multiple interlayer waves in the formation, the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the multiple interlayer waves corresponding to each primary wave are calculated step by step to obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple interlayer waves of lower layers; the layers generating multiple interlayer waves of lower layers and the orders of multiple interlayer waves of lower layers are determined; according to the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple interlayer waves of lower layers, the layers generating multiple interlayer waves of lower layers and the orders of multiple interlayer waves of lower layers, in combination with the velocity spectrum, the multiple interlayer waves are identified.
  • the embodiments of the present application combine the basis of recent research on interlayer multiple waves and propose a velocity identification method for interlayer multiple waves to solve the problem that interlayer multiple waves are difficult to identify and suppress and the identification process is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
  • the propagation speeds and propagation durations of the interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave are calculated step by step, including:
  • the propagation velocities of multiple primary waves the propagation velocities of the first-order multiple waves and the propagation velocities of the second-order multiple waves corresponding to the primary wave are calculated;
  • the propagation time lengths of the multiple primary waves are calculated.
  • the propagation speeds and propagation durations of the plurality of primary waves are calculated step by step, further comprising:
  • the propagation velocities of multiple primary waves and the propagation paths of interlayer multiple waves in the stratum are calculated;
  • the propagation time of third-order and higher-order interlayer multiple waves is calculated.
  • the propagation velocity of multiple waves between lower layers assuming that the root mean square velocity and time t 0 of the nth layer are v R,n and t 0,n , and the root mean square velocity and time t 0 of the n-1th layer are v R,n-1 and t 0,n-1 , then the propagation velocity of multiple waves between the n-1th layer and the nth layer can be calculated, and the propagation velocity of multiple waves between the first layer and the nth layer can be obtained. for:
  • n P ⁇ n represents the maximum number of layers of primary wave propagation
  • m represents the order of interlayer multiple waves
  • v Mj and Mj are the velocity and time of a certain interlayer multiple wave layer, corresponding to a certain vi and ti respectively.
  • the propagation time of an interlayer multiple wave is The propagation time of multiple waves between the two layers is
  • the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the formation can be used. According to the aforementioned layer velocity and the formula for calculating the root mean square velocity, the velocity accumulation term and the time accumulation term are calculated respectively, and finally the third-order and higher-order interlayer multiple wave propagation velocities are obtained.
  • the time required for one propagation is calculated according to the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in a certain stratum. The time is accumulated on the basis of the propagation time of one wave to obtain the propagation time of the third-order and higher-order interlayer multiple waves.
  • the layer generating the low-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the low-level interlayer multiple waves, combined with the velocity spectrum, the interlayer multiple waves are identified, including:
  • the layer generating the low-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the low-level interlayer multiple waves the corresponding interlayer multiple wave velocity is found in the velocity spectrum.
  • the layer generating the low-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the low-level interlayer multiple waves, combined with the velocity spectrum, the interlayer multiple waves are identified, including:
  • the layer generating the lower layer interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves, the layer and order of the primary wave generating the interlayer multiple waves are obtained.
  • the layer generating the low-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the low-level interlayer multiple waves the corresponding interlayer multiple wave velocity is found in the velocity spectrum.
  • the layer generating the lower layer interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves, the layer and order of the primary wave generating the interlayer multiple waves are obtained.
  • the transmission speed and transmission time of the primary wave are obtained, and the velocity model shown in Figure 2 is established, where the horizontal axis represents the length in m, and the vertical axis represents the depth in m.
  • the velocity model has 4 layers, with velocities of 2050m/s, 2450m/s, 2500m/s, and 2550m/s, respectively, and contains three reflection interfaces.
  • the second reflection interface contains a coal seam with a thickness of 19m, and the transmission speed of the coal seam is 1850m/s.
  • Finite difference forward modeling is performed on the velocity model shown in Figure 2 to obtain the track gather shown in Figure 3, and the direct wave is removed, and the velocity analysis of the remaining waves is performed to obtain the velocity spectrum shown in Figure 4.
  • the energy groups with a transmission time of less than 2s are all multiple wave energy groups.
  • the third energy group from top to bottom is the interlayer multiple wave energy. The transmission speed and transmission time of the first, second, and fourth energy groups are picked up.
  • the transmission speed of the picked primary wave is used to calculate the transmission speed of the multiple waves between the lower layers.
  • the transmission time of the picked primary wave is used to calculate the transmission time of the multiple waves between the lower layers.
  • the velocity spectrum and the transmission speed and transmission time of the multiple waves between the lower layers are used to identify the multiple waves between layers.
  • FIG5 is an example diagram of velocity identification of interlayer multiple waves provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the propagation velocity and propagation duration are calculated by the velocity identification method of interlayer multiple waves in an embodiment of the present application, and the calculation results are displayed in the velocity spectrum, see the energy group in the frame of FIG5 . This method can correctly identify interlayer multiple waves.
  • FIG6 is an example diagram of the actual CMP gather and its velocity spectrum provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the left side of FIG6 is the velocity spectrum, and the right side is the CMP gather.
  • the propagation velocity and propagation duration of the seven primary wave energy groups numbered 0 to 6 are picked up.
  • the propagation velocity and propagation duration of the seven primary waves are used to calculate the interlayer multiple wave suppression velocity and duration and identify the interlayer multiple waves using the identification method provided in the application.
  • FIG7 shows the identified interlayer multiple wave energy groups.
  • "0, 1" represents the interlayer multiple waves generated by the primary waves numbered 0 and 1
  • "0, 2" represents the interlayer multiple waves generated by the primary waves numbered 0 and 2.
  • Table 1 The error between the calculated interlayer multiple wave velocity and the interlayer multiple wave velocity picked up from the velocity spectrum is shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the error is small, indicating that the method provided by the present application is correct and reliable.
  • the present application also provides an interlayer multiple wave velocity identification device, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the device to solve the problem is similar to the interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a velocity identification device for interlayer multiple waves provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG8 , the device includes:
  • the first acquisition module 801 is used to acquire the velocity spectrum and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the formation;
  • the second acquisition module 802 is used to pick up the velocities of multiple energy groups whose energies exceed a preset value from the velocity spectrum, and obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple primary waves;
  • the calculation module 803 is used to calculate the propagation speed and propagation time of the interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave according to the propagation time and propagation speed of multiple primary waves and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the stratum, and obtain the propagation speed and propagation time of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves; determine the layer generating the lower layer interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves;
  • the identification module 804 is used to identify the interlayer multiple waves according to the propagation speed and propagation duration of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves, the layer generating the lower layer interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves in combination with the velocity spectrum.
  • the calculation module 803 is specifically used for:
  • the propagation velocities of multiple primary waves the propagation velocities of the first-order multiple waves and the propagation velocities of the second-order multiple waves corresponding to the primary wave are calculated;
  • the propagation time lengths of the multiple primary waves are calculated.
  • the calculation module 803 is further used for:
  • the propagation velocities of multiple primary waves and the propagation paths of interlayer multiple waves in the stratum are calculated;
  • the propagation time of third-order and higher-order interlayer multiple waves is calculated.
  • the identification module 804 is specifically used for:
  • the layers generating the multiple waves between the lower layers According to the propagation speed and propagation duration of the multiple waves between the lower layers, the layers generating the multiple waves between the lower layers, and the The order of the secondary wave is determined by finding the corresponding interlayer multiple wave velocity in the velocity spectrum.
  • the identification module 804 is specifically used for:
  • the layer generating the lower layer interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower layer interlayer multiple waves, the layer and order of the primary wave generating the interlayer multiple waves are obtained.
  • the present application further proposes a computer device 900, comprising a memory 910, a processor 920, and a computer program 930 stored in the memory 910 and executable on the processor 920, wherein the processor 920 implements the aforementioned interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method when executing the computer program 930.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • a computer program product which includes a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned interlayer multiple wave velocity identification method is implemented.
  • the velocity spectrum and the propagation path of the interlayer multiple waves in the stratum are obtained; the velocities of multiple energy groups whose energy exceeds the preset value are picked up from the velocity spectrum to obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of multiple primary waves; according to the propagation durations and propagation velocities of multiple primary waves, combined with the propagation paths of the interlayer multiple waves in the stratum, the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the interlayer multiple waves corresponding to each primary wave are calculated step by step to obtain the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves; the layers generating the lower-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves are determined; according to the propagation velocities and propagation durations of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves, the layers generating the lower-level interlayer multiple waves and the order of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves, combined with the velocity spectrum, the interlayer multiple waves are identified.
  • the propagation velocity and propagation duration of the lower-level interlayer multiple waves are calculated, and then the interlayer multiple waves are identified in combination with the velocity spectrum, which can not only identify the velocity spectrum of the interlayer multiple waves, but also obtain the layers and orders generating the interlayer multiple waves, providing effective information for the suppression of the interlayer multiple waves.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种层间多次波的速度识别方法及装置，该方法包括：获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。该方法有效识别层间多次波，为层间多次波的压制提供依据和手段。

Description

层间多次波的速度识别方法及装置
相关申请
本申请要求于2023年4月24日递交的申请号为202310449764.8的中国专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及勘探地球物理领域，尤其涉及层间多次波的速度识别方法及装置。
背景技术
本部分旨在为权利要求书中陈述的本申请实施例提供背景或上下文。此处的描述不因为包括在本部分中就承认是现有技术。
在常规地震资料处理中，多次波被视为一种严重干扰一次波的相干噪声，不仅降低了地震资料的信噪比，而且严重影响了地震成像的真实性和可靠性，对后续的解释工作带来不利影响。多次波可以分为层间多次波和表面多次波，表面多次波与一次波的速度差异较大，相对来说更容易识别和压制。
层间多次波是地震波在地下界面之间多次波反射产生的，其动力学特征和运动学特征与一次波高度相似，很难识别和压制；随着层间多次波阶次的增加，层间多次波与一次波的差异越大，更容易被识别和压制。因此层间多次波的阶次越低，与一次波的动力学和运动学特征越接近，特别是产生层间多次波的两个反射界面的距离较小时，其低阶层间多次波的识别非常困难。现有技术中没有针对该问题的解决方案。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种层间多次波的速度识别方法，用以有效识别层间多次波，为层间多次波的压制提供依据和手段，该方法包括：
获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；
从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；
根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传 播时长；
确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；
根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
本申请实施例还提供一种层间多次波的速度识别装置，用以有效识别层间多次波，为层间多次波的压制提供依据和手段，该装置包括：
第一获取模块，用于获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；
第二获取模块，用于从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；
计算模块，用于根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；
识别模块，用于根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述层间多次波的速度识别方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述层间多次波的速度识别方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述层间多次波的速度识别方法。
本申请实施例中，获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。这样，基于一次波的传播速度和传播时长，计算低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，进而结合速度谱识别层间多次波，不仅能够识别层间多次波的速度谱，还能获得产生该层间多次波的层位和阶数，为层间多次波的压制提供有效信息。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例中提供的层间多次波的速度识别方法的流程图；
图2为本申请实施例中提供的速度模型示例图；
图3为本申请实施例中提供的道集示例图；
图4为本申请实施例中提供的速度谱示例图；
图5为本申请实施例中提供的层间多次波的速度识别示例图；
图6为本申请实施例中提供的实际CMP道集及其速度谱实例图；
图7为本申请实施例中提供的实际CMP道集及其速度谱的识别结果实例图；
图8为本申请实施例中提供的层间多次波的速度识别装置的示意图；
图9为本申请实施例中提供的电子设备的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本申请实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，但并不作为对本申请的限定。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是描述一种关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中术语“至少一种”表示多种中的任意一种或多种中的至少两种的任意组合，例如，包括A、B、C中的至少一种，可以表示包括从A、B和C构成的集合中选择的任意一个或多个元素。
在本说明书的描述中，所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。参考术语“一个实施例”、“一个具体实施例”、“一些实施例”、“例如”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适 的方式结合。各实施例中涉及的步骤顺序用于示意性说明本申请的实施，其中的步骤顺序不作限定，可根据需要作适当调整。
本申请实施例提供了一种层间多次波的速度识别方法，如图1所示，包括：
步骤101：获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；
步骤102：从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；
步骤103：根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；
步骤104：确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；
步骤105：根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
具体实施时，获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
本申请实施例结合近年研究层间多次波的基础，提出层间多次波的速度识别方法，解决层间多次波难以识别和压制，识别过程耗时耗力的问题。
在一实施例中，根据多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，包括：
根据多个一次波的传播速度，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播速度和二阶层间多次波的传播速度；
根据多个一次波的传播时长，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播时长和二阶层间多次波的传播时长。
在一实施例中，根据多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，还包括：
根据多个一次波的传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播速度；
根据多个一次波的传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播时长。
举一实例，计算低阶层间多次波的传播速度，假设第n层的均方根速度和t0时间为vR,n和t0,n，第n-1层的均方根速度和t0时间为vR,n-1和t0,n-1，则可以计算第n-1层和第n层之间的层间多次波传播速度，得到一阶层间多次波的传播速度为：
得到二阶层间多次波的传播速度为：
计算低阶层间多次波的传播时长，利用一次波的传播速度和传播时长，计算与之相关的低阶层间多次波的传播时长。第n-1层和第n层之间的层间多次波的传播时长公式为nP≤n表示一次波传播的最大层数，m表示层间多次波的阶数，vMj和Mj为某个产生层间多次波层位的速度和时间，分别对应某个vi和ti。一阶层间多次波的传播时长为二阶层间多次波的传播时长为
对于三阶以及更高阶的层间多次波传播速度，可以利用层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，根据前述层速度以及计算均方根速度的公式，分别计算速度累积项和时间累积项，最后获得三阶以及更高阶的层间多次波传播速度。
对于三阶以及更高阶的层间多次波传播时长，根据层间多次波在某个地层中的传播路径，计算传播一次所需的时间，在一次波传播时长的基础上进行时间的累加，得到三阶以及更高阶的层间多次波传播时长。
在一实施例中，根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波，包括：
根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，在速度谱中寻找对应的层间多次波速度。
在一实施例中，根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波，包括：
将低阶层间多次波的传输速度和传输时长投影到速度谱中，寻找对应的层间多次波能量团；
根据层间多次波能量团、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，得到产生该层间多次波的一次波的层位和阶数。
具体实施时，可采取以下两种方法识别。
1)根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，在速度谱中寻找对应的层间多次波速度。
2)将低阶层间多次波的传输速度和传输时长投影到速度谱中，寻找对应的层间多次波能量团；
根据层间多次波能量团、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，得到产生该层间多次波的一次波的层位和阶数。
举一实例，获取一次波的传输速度和传输时长，建立图2所示的速度模型，其中，横坐标表示长度，单位m，纵坐标表示深度，单位m，该速度模型有4层，速度分别为2050m/s、2450m/s、2500m/s、2550m/s，包含三个反射界面，为了产生较为强烈的层间多次波，第二个反射界面包含一个厚度19m的煤层，煤层的传输速度为1850m/s。对图2所示的速度模型进行有限差分正演，获得图3所示的道集，切除其中的直达波，并对剩余波进行速度分析，得到图4所示的速度谱，可以看出传输时长2s以下的能量团皆为多次波能量团，根据速度模型分析，传输时长2s以上的四个能量团中，从上往下第三个能量团(约1.7s处)为层间多次波能量，拾取第一、二、四能量团的传输速度和传输时长。
利用拾取的一次波的传输速度，计算低阶层间多次波的传输速度；利用拾取的一次波的传输时长，计算低阶层间多次波的传输时长；利用速度谱和低阶层间多次波的传输速度和传输时长，进行层间多次波的识别。
图5为本申请实施例中提供的层间多次波的速度识别示例图，如图5所示，通过本申请实施例的层间多次波的速度识别方法计算传播速度和传播时长，将计算结果显示在速度谱中，见图5框内能量团，本方法能对层间多次波进行正确识别。
举一实例，图6为本申请实施例中提供的实际CMP道集及其速度谱实例图，图6左侧为速度谱，右侧为CMP道集，可见，拾取了编号0至6的七个一次波能量团的传播速度和传播时长，利用这七个一次波的传播速度和传播时长，采用申请提供的识别方法进行层间多次波压制速度和时长的计算以及层间多次波的识别，图7所示为识别的层间多次波能量团。图7中“0，1”表示一次波编号为0和1产生的层间多次波，“0，2”表示一次波编号为0和2产生的层间多次波。计算的层间多次波的速度与从速度谱中拾取的层间多次波速度之间的误差情况见表1，可以看出，误差较小，说明本申请提供的方法是正确可靠的。
表1层间多次波的速度误差

本申请实施例中还提供了一种层间多次波的速度识别装置，如下面的实施例所述。由于该装置解决问题的原理与层间多次波的速度识别方法相似，因此该装置的实施可以参见方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
图8为本申请实施例中提供的层间多次波的速度识别装置的示意图，如图8所示，该装置包括：
第一获取模块801，用于获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；
第二获取模块802，用于从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；
计算模块803，用于根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；
识别模块804，用于根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
在一实施例中，计算模块803具体用于：
根据多个一次波的传播速度，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播速度和二阶层间多次波的传播速度；
根据多个一次波的传播时长，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播时长和二阶层间多次波的传播时长。
在一实施例中，计算模块803还用于：
根据多个一次波的传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播速度；
根据多个一次波的传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播时长。
在一实施例中，识别模块804具体用于：
根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多 次波的阶数，在速度谱中寻找对应的层间多次波速度。
在一实施例中，识别模块804具体用于：
将低阶层间多次波的传输速度和传输时长投影到速度谱中，寻找对应的层间多次波能量团；
根据层间多次波能量团、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，得到产生该层间多次波的一次波的层位和阶数。
基于前述发明构思，如图9所示，本申请还提出了一种计算机设备900，包括存储器910、处理器920及存储在存储器910上并可在处理器920上运行的计算机程序930，所述处理器920执行所述计算机程序930时实现前述层间多次波的速度识别方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述层间多次波的速度识别方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述层间多次波的速度识别方法。
综上所述，本申请实施例中，获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。这样，基于一次波的传播速度和传播时长，计算低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，进而结合速度谱识别层间多次波，不仅能够识别层间多次波的速度谱，还能获得产生该层间多次波的层位和阶数，为层间多次波的压制提供有效信息。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使 得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本申请的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本申请的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本申请的保护范围，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种层间多次波的速度识别方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；
    从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；
    根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；
    确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；
    根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，包括：
    根据多个一次波的传播速度，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播速度和二阶层间多次波的传播速度；
    根据多个一次波的传播时长，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播时长和二阶层间多次波的传播时长。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，还包括：
    根据多个一次波的传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播速度；
    根据多个一次波的传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播时长。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波，包括：
    根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，在速度谱中寻找对应的层间多次波速度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波，包括：
    将低阶层间多次波的传输速度和传输时长投影到速度谱中，寻找对应的层间多次波能量团；
    根据层间多次波能量团、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，得到产生层间多次波的一次波的层位和阶数。
  6. 一种层间多次波的速度识别装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一获取模块，用于获取速度谱和层间多次波在地层中的传播路径；
    第二获取模块，用于从速度谱中拾取能量超过预设值的多个能量团的速度，得到多个一次波的传播速度和传播时长；
    计算模块，用于根据多个一次波的传播时长和传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，逐阶计算各一次波对应的层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长，得到低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长；确定产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数；
    识别模块，用于根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，结合速度谱，识别层间多次波。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，计算模块具体用于：
    根据多个一次波的传播速度，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播速度和二阶层间多次波的传播速度；
    根据多个一次波的传播时长，计算一次波对应的一阶层间多次波的传播时长和二阶层间多次波的传播时长。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，计算模块还用于：
    根据多个一次波的传播速度，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播速度；
    根据多个一次波的传播时长，结合层间多次波在地层中的传播路径，计算三阶及更高阶的层间多次波的传播时长。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，识别模块具体用于：
    根据低阶层间多次波的传播速度和传播时长、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，在速度谱中寻找对应的层间多次波速度。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，识别模块具体用于：
    将低阶层间多次波的传输速度和传输时长投影到速度谱中，寻找对应的层间多次波能量团；
    根据层间多次波能量团、产生低阶层间多次波的层位和低阶层间多次波的阶数，得到产生该层间多次波的一次波的层位和阶数。
  11. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计 算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至5任一所述方法。
  12. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5任一所述方法。
  13. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5任一所述方法。
PCT/CN2023/141466 2023-04-24 2023-12-25 层间多次波的速度识别方法及装置 Ceased WO2024221998A1 (zh)

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