Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/73—After-treatment of removed components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/76—Gas phase processes, e.g. by using aerosols
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
  • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
  • B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
  • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
  • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
  • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases

Definitions

• the invention relates to method for neutralizing carbon dioxide generated by the combustion of fuels containing carbon, using acid-base neutralization in flue gas paths.
• Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is a method aimed at long-term reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. It involves three main steps: capture, transport, and storage of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is stored underground at high pressure in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, which can also increase the yield of oil and gas. It can also be stored in deep saline porous rocks containing salty water, where it is isolated from the atmosphere and can undergo natural exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean surface. Other storage options include the formation of solid carbon dioxide hydrates or liquid lakes on the seabed.
• carbon dioxide sorption also known as post-oombustion technology
• the core of this process is chemisorption, where carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto a solid adsorbent, accompanied by a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and the adsorbent.
• Calcium oxide is commonly used as the adsorbent.
• the carbon dioxide sorption system consists of two key reactors - the carbonator and the calciner, The carbonator is where carbon dioxide capture, known as carbonation, occurs according to the following reaction: CaO + CO2 -> CaCO3. The product of carbon capture - calcium carbonate CaC03 - is then transported from the carbonator to the second reactor, called the calciner.
• the adsorbent is regenerated through calcination according to the following reaction: CaCO3 -* CaO + CO2.
• Carbonation is an exothermic reaction, so heat is released in the carbonator, and the temperature typically reaches around 650 °C.
• Heat is mainly supplied by the regenerated adsorbent from the calciner, which is delivered at a high temperature, in contrast, calcination is an endothermic process that occurs at a high temperature of approximately 900 °C. Therefore, ensuring an adequate heat source is essential for the reactions to proceed. Flue gases containing carbon dioxide to be captured enter the carbonator together with the regenerated adsorbent, where adsorption takes place.
• the output from the carbonator consists of the original flue gases depleted of captured carbon dioxide and the saturated sorbent heading into the calciner.
• the adsorbent is regenerated, resulting in the production of regenerated adsorbent that returns to the carbonator and a stream of pure carbon dioxide.
• Fresh limestone is continuously supplied to the calciner. Continuous limestone addition reduces the declining sorption capacity of the adsorbent with increasing carbonation/calcination cycles and also requires some material to be removed to minimize the accumulation of inactive substances.
• US Patent Nos. US009085497B2 and US9133074B2 describe a method for converting carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons in a reactor using carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
• the main drawback of this technical solution is the necessity of using pure carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, which is economically demanding, and subsequent catalytic purification of the obtained hydrocarbons is required.
• Another known technical solution is the carbonation of construction debris, cement kiln dust during cement and lime production, accelerated carbonation technology CCU at elevated temperatures.
• the disadvantage of this technical solution is that it uses significantly heterogeneous hydration products for carbonation - waste - in substantial volumes that need to be crushed and mixed with flue gases, representing a highly energy-intensive process.
• a solution according to Chinese Patent Application No. CN114797361A utilizes comprehensive gas cleaning technology for both sulfur oxides and carbon oxides using acid-base neutralization with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
• Part of the flue gas containing sulfur oxides is treated in a concentrated sulfuric acid bath, while part of the flue gas containing carbon oxides is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and/or calcium hydroxide.
• the significant disadvantage of this technical solution is that simple gas washing achieves very low process efficiency, as the gas to be neutralized rapidly forms bubbles in the neutralization bath at high flow rates, which quickly rise to the surface and exit the bath without being neutralized. Effective neutralization of carbon dioxide requires the gas to be dissolved in an alkaline solution.
• a method for neutralizing carbon dioxide from the flue gases generated by the combustion of fossil fuels which consists of introducing water vapor at a temperature of 50°C to 372°C and a pressure of 0.01 MPa to 30 MPa, along with a base, into the flue gas path. This results in the dispersion of water molecule and base molecules within the flue gas path. During this dispersion of water vapor and base molecules in the flue gas path, mixing of water vapor, base, and flue gas occurs, leading to the acid-base neutralization of carbon dioxide. Utilizing higher temperature and pressure of water vapor enables rapid and efficient neutralization of carbon dioxide directly in the flue gas paths without the need for its dissolution in water.
• the de-carbonized flue gases are then discharged from the chimney structure into the external environment along with water vapor, while the products of acid-base neutralization are captured on filtration or separation devices for flue gas discharge.
• the water vapor is advantageous for the water vapor to be either saturated or preheated within the temperature range of 50X to 372°C and pressure range of 0.01 MPa to 30 MPa.
• the base is expedient for the base to be selected from the group of hydroxides, and/or sodium carbonate, and/or potassium carbonate, and/or ammonia, and/or carbanions, and/or amides, and/or amidines, and/or sodium, potassium, or calcium hydrides, and/or aikoxides.
• nozzles it is preferabie for nozzles to be used for conveying water vapor with the base into the flue gas path, with the mixture being directed in any direction relative to the flue gas flow. It is beneficial for water vapor with the base to be introduced into the flue gas path either separately or for water vapor to be pre-enriched with the base before being introduced into the flue gas path, with mixing accomplished using a mixing device.
• the advantage of this invention for neutralizing carbon dioxide is that the acidbase neutralization reaction mechanism occurs within a timeframe of just a few seconds.
• Another significant advantage is that if the water vapor has a higher temperature than the flue gas, condensation of water vapor into water does not occur within the flue gas paths, allowing the de-carbonized flue gases to exit the flue gas paths in gaseous form.
• the vapor-based neutralization process Is highly efficient in terms of precise control over the acid-base neutralization process, and it is characterized by savings in the use of chemicals and flexibility in application.
• Method for neutralizing carbon dioxide involves introducing flue gases from the combustion of natural gas at a temperature of 120°C with a dynamic flue gas pressure of 200 Pa.
• the preheated vapor and sodium hydroxide are mixed using a Venturi injector and then directed into the flue gas path through a system of nozzles arranged in a circular patern against the direction of flue gas flow.
• Method for neutralizing carbon dioxide involves introducing flue gases at a temperature of 160°C with a dynamic flue gas pressure of 100 Pa into the flue gas duct, which has already been treated with wet lime slurry (for flue gas desulfurization) and after flue gas denitrification.
• flue gases at a temperature of 160°C with a dynamic flue gas pressure of 100 Pa into the flue gas duct, which has already been treated with wet lime slurry (for flue gas desulfurization) and after flue gas denitrification.
• saturated water vapor at a temperature of 19O °C and a pressure of 1255 kPa enriched with potassium hydroxide at a mass concentration of 10% is introduced in the direction of flue gas flow. Due to the pressure of saturated water vapor enriched with potassium hydroxide, mixing of carbon dioxide and water vapor enriched with potassium hydroxide occurs throughout the length of the flue gas duct.
• Method for neutralizing carbon dioxide according to this invention can be applied in all processes involving the combustion of fossil fuels, such as heat, electricity, fuel, or other commodity production, with consideration for environmental preservation by reducing its release into the atmosphere.
• fossil fuels such as heat, electricity, fuel, or other commodity production

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• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

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Citations (3)

• 2023
  • 2023-04-12 CZ CZ2023-138A patent/CZ2023138A3/cs unknown
  • 2023-06-26 SK SK85-2023A patent/SK852023A3/sk unknown
• 2024
  • 2024-03-14 WO PCT/CZ2024/000010 patent/WO2024213188A1/en active Pending

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