WO2024190849A1 - 炎症関連疾患又は状態のリスク及び腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクを推定する方法、及びその利用 - Google Patents
炎症関連疾患又は状態のリスク及び腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクを推定する方法、及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024190849A1 WO2024190849A1 PCT/JP2024/009907 JP2024009907W WO2024190849A1 WO 2024190849 A1 WO2024190849 A1 WO 2024190849A1 JP 2024009907 W JP2024009907 W JP 2024009907W WO 2024190849 A1 WO2024190849 A1 WO 2024190849A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- subject
- risk
- information
- temperament
- personality
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for estimating the risk of an inflammation-related disease or condition and the risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability, and a personalized recommendation device that utilizes the method.
- Non-Patent Document 1 One of the personality traits is Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS). People with high SPS are called Highly Sensitive Persons (HSPs), and overseas reports suggest that 15-20% of people fall into this category (Non-Patent Document 1). HSPs are known to be characterized by a high sensitivity to minor stimuli, being easily overstimulated, a tendency to be anxious, a sensitivity to beauty and the arts, and a tendency to have a high level of empathy, a sense of justice, and a strong sense of ethics (Non-Patent Documents 1, 2). It has been reported that the level of SPS is an independent positive explanatory factor for the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) (Non-Patent Document 3).
- GSRS Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale
- Patent Document 1 describes a dosage form comprising a composition containing a microbiome regulator, the dosage form substantially targets the release of the composition in one or more of the stomach, the small intestine, or the large intestine, and wherein i) the microbiome regulator comprises a sugar, a sugar alcohol, an amino acid, a peptide, a micronutrient, a fatty acid, or a polyphenol, ii) the microbiome regulator does not comprise an alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, halogen, acyl, thiol, cyano, nitro, or sulfonyl moiety, iii) the microbiome regulator comprises a molecule having less than about 12 carbon atoms and less than about 12 heteroatoms, the heteroatoms being selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus
- Patent Document 2 describes a method for determining and/or monitoring the health status and/or gut microbiota balance of an individual, characterized by the following steps: typing a bacterial population present in a sample, preferably a fecal sample, isolated from the individual, said population being representative of the gut microbiota of the individual, and measuring a series of indices of the microbiota that provide information about the health status of the individual.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 describe a composition for promoting gut health, comprising a combination of cyanidin glycoside and delphinidin glycoside in an amount of 5 wt% to 50 wt% of the composition, inhibiting and maintaining gut permeability, and a composition for promoting gut health, comprising a combination of cyanidin and delphinidin in an amount sufficient to treat gut permeability.
- Patent Document 6 describes an active substance selected from the group consisting of riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, biotin, vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and combinations thereof, for use in improving the intestinal health of animals, including humans, and the improvement is characterized by: i. increasing the concentration of at least one short-chain fatty acid or a salt thereof in the intestinal tract; ii. increasing the diversity of the microbiota in the intestinal tract; iii. increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract; iv. promoting or increasing the butyric acid synthesis pathway in the intestinal tract; v.
- the method includes or consists of stimulating the intestinal immune response, wherein the use includes administering to the animal a) a formulation comprising an effective amount of an active substance, the active substance being delivered to the large intestine; or b) a supraphysiological dose of an active ingredient, such that at least an effective amount of the active substance is present in the intestinal tract of the animal; provided that, when niacin is present, it is not the only active substance; and when riboflavin is present, it has an improving effect other than increasing the amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
- Patent Document 7 describes a method for manipulating the growth of multiple bacterial species of the intestinal microbiota, comprising subjecting the multiple bacterial species to at least one protocol, the protocol comprising a predefined set of conditions, the set of conditions comprising at least one episode of illumination at a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 900 nm.
- Patent Document 8 describes an intestinal bacteria-improving agent that contains polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase as active ingredients.
- WO2016/172658 (Special Publication No. 2018-513196)
- WO2017/118924 (Special Publication No. 2019-500905)
- WO2018/080510 (Special Publication No. 2019-534331, Patent No. 7011885) JP 2022-36990 A (Divisional Application of Patent Document 3)
- WO2019/012018 (Special Publication No. 2020-530983)
- WO2020/043797 (Special Publication No. 2021-535086)
- WO2020/178819 (Special Publication No. 2022-523565)
- Non-Patent Document 4 personality is known to affect human decision-making (Non-Patent Document 4), preferences (Non-Patent Documents 5, 6), and disease onset (Non-Patent Document 7).
- SPS Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale
- Non-Patent Document 3 only reports a relationship with subjective symptoms, and there have been no reports to date on the relationship between SPS and biomarkers of gastrointestinal symptoms.
- CRP an inflammatory index
- LBP LPS-binding protein
- a method for analyzing a subject's temperament or personality and, based on the analysis results, predicting either the subject's risk of a disease or condition associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and/or risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability [2] The method according to 1, wherein the analysis of temperament or personality is an analysis of environmental sensitivity. [3] The method according to 1 or 2, wherein the analysis of temperament or personality is an analysis of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). [4] The method according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the estimation is based on a reference value. [5] The method according to 4, wherein the reference value is a value determined based on the average value, the median value, or a value located at a predetermined percentile.
- the temperament or character analysis is an SPS analysis, 6.
- HSP Highly Sensitive Person
- LST Low Sensory Threshold
- EOE Ese of Excitation
- the disease or condition associated with the level of CRP is any one selected from the group consisting of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, major depressive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- the inference is whether an intervention to maintain or improve gut microbiota diversity is desirable for the subject; Whether interventions to maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae in the gut microbiota are desirable; Whether an intervention is desirable to maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas in the intestinal flora, and Whether an intervention is desirable to maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the Family XIII AD3011 group in the intestinal flora, 8.
- the method according to claim 8, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of: [10] of the subject's sensory processing sensitivity, - as an indicator of a subject's risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP, and/or - a subject's risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- [11] Use of CRP levels and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels as indicators of temperament or personality in subjects with low gut flora diversity.
- a composition comprising a gut flora diversifying agent for treating any of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- a gut flora diversifying agent in the manufacture of a composition for treating any of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- a method or non-therapeutic method for treating any of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and intestinal barrier vulnerability comprising the step of administering a gut flora diversifying agent to a subject.
- CRP C-reactive protein
- An information acquisition means for acquiring temperament or personality information of a subject A risk estimation device comprising a risk estimation means for estimating the risk of a subject by comparing the acquired temperament or personality information with a database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and at least one of the risk of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and the vulnerability risk of the subject's intestinal barrier.
- a risk estimation means The proposal information configuration means The device described in 16 compares the acquired temperament or personality information with a behavior or product database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and the behavior or product to be suggested, and constructs behavior or product information to suggest to the subject, or compares the acquired temperament or personality information with a database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and at least one of the risk of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and the vulnerability risk of the subject's intestinal barrier, estimates the subject's risk using a risk estimation means, and constructs behavior or product information to suggest to the subject based on the estimated risk information.
- the apparatus of claim 16 further comprising: A question providing means for providing a predetermined question to the subject; an answer acquisition means for acquiring an answer from the subject to the question; and a calculation means for calculating temperament or personality information of the subject based on the answer.
- the information acquisition means further acquires any one of information selected from the group consisting of: - Attribute information of the subject, including any one selected from the group consisting of gender and age; - Test result information on the subject's physical and health condition, including any selected from the group consisting of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), obesity level, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver and pancreas function, metabolic system, blood, urine, renal function, and large intestine; - Survey result information on the subject's lifestyle habits, including any selected from the group consisting of drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and sleep time; and - Other survey result information, including any selected from the group consisting of the subject's subjective symptoms, stress, medical history, work history, and preferences.
- the configured proposal information is displayed on a terminal connected via a communication means.
- a computer comprising: An information acquisition step of acquiring temperament or personality information of a subject; A personalized suggestion program that executes a suggestion information construction step in which the acquired temperament or personality information is compared with an action or product database that indicates the relationship between human temperament or personality and the action or product to be proposed, and action or product information to be proposed to the subject is constructed.
- a behavior or product database Information on actions or products that maintain or improve the diversity of intestinal flora, Information on actions or products that maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae in the intestinal flora; Information on actions or products that maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas in the intestinal flora, and Information on actions or products that maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the Family XIII AD3011 group in the intestinal flora, 22.
- the program according to 21, comprising any one selected from the following: [23] The program according to 21 or 22, further causing a computer to execute the following: a question providing step of providing a predetermined question to the subject; an answer acquisition step of acquiring answers from the subject to the questions; and a calculation step of calculating temperament or personality information of the subject based on the answers. [24] A computer-readable recording medium having the computer program according to 22 or 23 recorded thereon.
- the present invention also provides the following: [1] A method for analyzing a subject's temperament or personality and, based on the analysis results, predicting either the subject's risk of a disease or condition associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and/or risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability. [2] The method according to 1, wherein the analysis of temperament or personality is an analysis of environmental sensitivity. [3] The method according to 1 or 2, wherein the analysis of temperament or personality is an analysis of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). [4] The method according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the estimation is based on a reference value. [5] The method according to 4, wherein the reference value is a value determined based on the average value, the median value, or a value located at a predetermined percentile.
- SPS sensory processing sensitivity
- the temperament or character analysis is an SPS analysis, 6.
- the disease or condition associated with the level of CRP is any one selected from the group consisting of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, major depressive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- the estimation is performed to determine whether or not an intervention to maintain or improve the diversity of the intestinal flora of the subject is desirable.
- the intervention comprises ingesting a composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of the intestinal flora, or suggesting the ingestion of a composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of the intestinal flora.
- the subject's temperament or personality - as an indicator of a subject's risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP, and/or - a subject's risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- CRP C-reactive protein
- An information acquisition means for acquiring temperament or personality information of a subject comprising an estimation means for estimating the risk of a subject by comparing the acquired temperament or personality information with a database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and at least one of the risk of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and the vulnerability risk of the subject's intestinal barrier.
- An information acquisition means for acquiring temperament or personality information of a subject comprising a personalized suggestion device comprising a suggestion information configuration means for configuring behavior or product information to be suggested to a subject based on the acquired temperament or personality information.
- the proposal information configuration means The device described in 15 or 16, which compares the acquired temperament or personality information with a behavior or product database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and the behavior or product to be suggested to the subject, and constructs behavior or product information to suggest to the subject, or compares the acquired temperament or personality information with a database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and at least one of the risk of a disease or condition associated with CRP levels and the vulnerability risk of the subject's intestinal barrier, estimates the subject's risk, and constructs behavior or product information to suggest to the subject based on the estimated risk information.
- a question display means for displaying a predetermined question to the subject; an answer acquisition means for acquiring an answer from the subject to the question; and a calculation means for calculating temperament or personality information of the subject based on the answer.
- the information acquisition means further acquires any one of information selected from the group consisting of: - Attribute information of the subject, including any one selected from the group consisting of gender and age; - Test result information on the subject's physical and health condition, including any selected from the group consisting of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), obesity level, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver and pancreas function, metabolic system, blood, urine, renal function, and large intestine; - Survey result information on the subject's lifestyle habits, including any selected from the group consisting of drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and sleep time; and - Other survey result information, including any selected from the group consisting of the subject's subjective symptoms, stress, medical history, work history, and preferences.
- BMI body mass index
- Other survey result information including any selected from the group consisting of the subject's subjective symptoms, stress, medical history, work history, and preferences.
- a computer comprising: An information acquisition step of acquiring temperament or personality information of a subject; A personalized suggestion program that executes a suggestion information construction step in which the acquired temperament or personality information is compared with an action or product database that indicates the relationship between human temperament or personality and the action or product to be proposed, and action or product information to be proposed to the subject is constructed.
- a computer-readable recording medium having the computer program according to 21 or 22 recorded thereon.
- a subject's Attributes any information selected from the group consisting of gender, age, etc.
- Physical and health condition test results (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), obesity level, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver and pancreas function, metabolic system, blood, urine, renal function, and colon, etc.); Lifestyle survey results (results of any survey selected from the group consisting of drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and sleep time, etc.); and Other survey results (results of any survey selected from the group consisting of subjective symptoms, stress, medical history, work history, and preferences, etc.) 10.
- CRP C-reactive protein
- Attributes any information selected from the group consisting of gender, age, etc.
- Physical and health condition test results (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), obesity level, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver and pancreas function, metabolic system, blood, urine, renal function, and colon, etc.); Lifestyle survey results (results of any survey selected from the group consisting of drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and sleep time, etc.); and Other survey results (results of any survey selected from the group consisting of subjective symptoms, medical history, work history, and preferences, etc.)
- a subject's temperament or personality which is carried out together with any information processing selected from the group consisting of: - as an indicator of a subject's risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP, and/or - a subject's risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- Attributes any information selected from the group consisting of gender, age, etc.
- Physical and health condition test results (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), obesity level, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver and pancreas function, metabolic system, blood, urine, renal function, and colon, etc.); Lifestyle survey results (results of any survey selected from the group consisting of drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and sleep time, etc.); and Other survey results (results of any survey selected from the group consisting of subjective symptoms, medical history, work history, and preferences, etc.)
- LBP lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
- the risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), and the risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability can be estimated by non-invasive means.
- a food or the like containing an intestinal bacteria diversification agent, an agent for maintaining or propagating bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae, an agent for maintaining or propagating bacteria belonging to the family Butyricimonas, or an agent for maintaining or propagating bacteria belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011 group.
- test subject it is possible to encourage a subject (test subject) to take an action, suggest that the subject take a product, provide the subject with a product, etc., based on scientific evidence, and it is also possible to encourage a action, suggest that the subject take a product, provide the subject with a product, etc., that is personalized (sometimes called "personalized") to suit the type of subject (test subject).
- CRP CRP.
- Predictor variables Step (1) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, and proportion of the Marinifilaceae family.
- Step (2) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, the Marinifilaceae family, and HSP-J10 ⁇ proportion of the Marinifilaceae family. Adjustment effect of the Marinifilaceae family.
- Step (2) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, the Marinifilaceae family, and HSP-J10 ⁇ percentage of the Marinifilaceae family.
- Adjustment effect of Butyricimonas genus Objective variable: CRP.
- Predictor variables Step (1) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, occupancy rate of Butyricimonas genus.
- Step (2) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, Butyricimonas genus, HSP-J10 ⁇ occupancy rate of Butyricimonas genus.
- Adjustment effect of Butyricimonas genus Objective variable: LBP, Predictor variables: Step (1) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, occupancy rate of Butyricimonas genus, Step (2) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, Butyricimonas genus, HSP-J10 ⁇ occupancy rate of Butyricimonas genus Moderating effect of Family XIII AD3011 group genus.
- Objective variable CRP.
- Predictor variables Step (1) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, and occupancy rate of Family XIII AD3011 group genus.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of a personalized suggestions system.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a personalized suggestion system that encourages a subject to take action, suggests products to be consumed, etc., based on analyzed temperament or personality information.
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing the temperament or personality of a subject and, based on the analysis results, inferring any of the following in the subject: - the risk of a disease or condition associated with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP); and - the risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- CRP C-reactive protein
- the present invention also relates to the use of a subject's temperament or personality as an indicator of at least one of the following: - the subject's risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP; and - the subject's risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- any refers to any type and number.
- any refers to the risk of a disease or condition associated with the subject's CRP level and the risk of intestinal barrier fragility in the subject, including cases where it refers to the risk of a disease or condition associated with the subject's CRP level, cases where it refers to the risk of intestinal barrier fragility in the subject, and cases where it refers to both the risk of a disease or condition associated with the subject's CRP level and the risk of intestinal barrier fragility in the subject.
- temperament or sometimes personality refers to behavior or psychological characteristics characterized by innate factors such as genes.
- temperament and personality are sometimes used depending on the age of the subject. When targeting early childhood, temperament tends to be used, and personality tends to be used for adolescents and older.
- sensory processing sensitivity which will be described later, is understood to be a temperament or character trait.
- temperament may be explained, but the explanation also applies to personality.
- the subject's temperament or character analysis estimate can be based on a reference value. That is, the estimate can be made by comparing a previously determined reference value with the temperament or character analysis value obtained from the subject.
- the reference value can be the average value, the median value, or a value located at a predetermined percentile.
- the predetermined percentile is, for example, the 85th percentile, the 80th percentile, the 70th percentile, the 60th percentile, the 40th percentile, the 30th percentile, the 20th percentile, the 10th percentile, or the 5th percentile.
- the average value, the median value, or a value located at a predetermined percentile may be a known average value, median value, or a value located at a predetermined percentile.
- the average value, the median value, or a value located at a predetermined percentile may also be calculated by determining the temperament or character analysis value for an appropriate population.
- Temperament or personality analysis can be done in a variety of ways.
- Representative questionnaire methods include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Tokyo University Egogram (TEG), Yatabe Guilford Personality Inventory (YG), Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI), NEO-PI-R, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), SDS (Self-rating Scale for Depression), and GHQ Mental Health Questionnaire.
- Methods other than questionnaires include the following: ⁇ Observation-based rating method by experts: Lionetti, F., Aron, E. N., Aron, A., Klein, D. N., & Pluess, M. (2019). Observer-Rated Environmental Sensitivity Moderates Children's Response to Parenting Quality in Early Childhood. Developmental Psychology, 55(11), 2389-2402. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000795.supp ⁇ Parent ratings: Sperati, A., Spinelli, M., Fasolo, M., Pastore, M., Pluess, M., & Lionetti, F. (2022). Investigating sensitivity through the lens of parents: validation of the parent-report version of the Highly Sensitive Child scale. Development and Psychopathology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457942200129 8
- temperament or personality can be analyzed by analyzing sensory processing sensitivity (SPS).
- SPS was proposed by Aron et al. as a concept that represents individual differences in sensory processing (Non-Patent Documents 5, 6).
- SPS is summarized into three types: excitability, low sensory threshold, and aesthetic sensitivity.
- SPS can be easily analyzed by answering 2 to 8 questions for each of the three types, excitability, low sensory threshold, and aesthetic sensitivity, for a total of 10 to 19 questions using a questionnaire such as the Highly Sensitive Person Scale Japanese version (HSPS-J19, HSPS-J10) Non-Patent Documents 13, 32).
- the inventors' research has revealed that the degree of SPS is a positive and independent predictor of CRP (an inflammatory index) and LPS-binding protein (LBP).
- CRP an inflammatory index
- LBP LPS-binding protein
- Examples of questionnaires in languages other than Japanese include the following: ⁇ English: Aron, E. N., & Aron, A. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 345-368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.345 ⁇ German: Konrad, S., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2017).
- the subject is a person of an age other than an adult, and depending on the age of the subject, temperament or personality analysis can be performed using one of the questionnaires described below.
- HSCS-A Sensitivity Scale for Early Adolescents
- Kibe Kibe
- Hirano Personality Research, 2019 Vol. 28 No. 2 108-118
- Sensory Sensitivity Scale for Junior High School Students Shuhei Iimura (2016).
- SSSI Sensory Sensitivity Scale for Junior High School Students
- SSSI Sensory Sensitivity Scale for Junior High School Students
- ⁇ Sensory sensitivity scale for adults Funabashi Aki (2013).
- a reference value can be any value selected from the group consisting of the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) scale score, the Low Sensory Threshold (LST) scale score, and the Ease of Excitation (EOE) scale score.
- HSP Highly Sensitive Person
- LST Low Sensory Threshold
- EOE Ease of Excitation
- SPS analysis can be carried out by using the Japanese version of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS-J19, HSPS-J10) questionnaire (see below) and having subjects respond on a 7-point scale to the extent to which the information presented on the questionnaire applies to them.
- HSPS-J19, HSPS-J10 Highly Sensitive Person Scale
- the HSP scale score, LST scale score, and EOE scale score can be calculated by averaging the questions corresponding to HSP, LST, and EOE.
- the total score of the questions corresponding to HSP, LST, and EOE may be calculated for the HSP scale score, LST scale score, and EOE scale score.
- HSP scale scores, LST scale scores, and EOE scale scores are mentioned in relation to the subjects or standard values, the average scores are used, not the totals, unless otherwise specified.
- the subject's score can be compared with a standard value, and if the subject's score is equal to or greater than the standard value, the specified risk can be inferred to be high. Also, if the subject's score is less than the standard value, the specified risk can be inferred to be low.
- the reference value can be the population mean (Mean).
- the reference value may also be the median, or the value located at the 60th percentile (60th percentile value), 70th percentile value, or 80th percentile value.
- the reference value may also be the mean plus standard deviation (SD) (Mean+1SD), or Mean+2SD.
- the subject's HSP scale score can be determined and the reference value can be 4.4.
- the reference value can also be 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, or 5.2.
- the reference value can be 5.3 to estimate whether the subject is at higher risk and 6.4 to estimate whether the risk is even higher.
- the subject's LST scale score can be determined and the reference value can be 4.4.
- the reference value can also be 4.7, 5.0, 5.3, or 5.7.
- the reference value can be 5.9 to estimate whether the subject is at higher risk.
- the subject's EOE scale score can be determined and the reference value can be 4.2.
- the reference value can also be 4.3, 4.6, 4.8, or 5.0.
- the reference value can be 5.4 to estimate whether the subject is at higher risk and 6.6 to estimate whether the subject is at even higher risk.
- the analysis may be performed in conjunction with an investigation of any attribute selected from the group consisting of the subject's gender, age, drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI).
- BMI Body Mass Index
- the temperament or personality of a subject can also be used as an index (biomarker) of the risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP in the subject, and the risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of LBP in the subject.
- the risk of a disease or condition is related to the rate of onset or manifestation of the disease or condition.
- CRP ulcerative colitis
- diseases or conditions related to the level of CRP include arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
- CRP is generally known as an acute inflammatory marker that increases in infectious diseases, but it is also known to be an indicator of subclinical arteriosclerosis (Non-Patent Document 14), hypertension (Non-Patent Documents 15, 16), diabetes (Non-Patent Document 17), kidney disease (Non-Patent Documents 18, 19), cognitive decline (Non-Patent Documents 20, 21), cardiovascular disease (Non-Patent Documents 22-27), depression (Non-Patent Document 28), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Non-Patent Document 29).
- diseases or conditions associated with levels of CRP include: Depression (Non-Patent Document 33), ADHD (Non-Patent Document 34), Autism Spectrum Disorder (Non-Patent Document 35), Alzheimer's Disease (Non-Patent Document 36), Parkinson's Disease (Non-Patent Document 37), Schizophrenia (Non-Patent Document 38), Bipolar Disorder (Non-Patent Document 39), Epilepsy (Non-Patent Documents 40, 41), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (Non-Patent Document 42)
- Non-Patent Document 30 An example of a disease or condition related to LBP levels is a weak intestinal barrier. It is thought that when the intestinal barrier is weak, LPS derived from the intestinal flora enters the body and increases LBP. LBP is a protein that binds to LPS and transports LPS monomers to CD14 (Non-Patent Document 30), and is also used as an indicator of the intestinal barrier (Non-Patent Document 31).
- the present inventors' study has revealed that the levels of CRP and LBP in subjects are significantly affected by the diversity of the intestinal flora and the degree of SPS, and that when the diversity of the intestinal flora is low, high SPS predicts high CRP and LBP.
- the above-mentioned estimation can be performed to determine whether or not an intervention to maintain or improve the diversity of the intestinal flora is desirable for the subject.
- Examples of intervention include having a subject ingest (administer) a composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of the intestinal flora, or proposing the ingestion (administration) of a composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of the intestinal flora.
- administer is used to mean not only administering a pharmaceutical product to a subject, but also having a subject ingest food products other than pharmaceutical products.
- the gut microbiota has low diversity when the alpha diversity indexes Observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Shannon index, and Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity calculated from the sequence data of 16S rRNA gene amplicons in fecal samples are any of the following values: - Less than or equal to the population mean (Mean), preferably less than or equal to the mean minus the standard deviation (SD) (Mean-1SD) - Lower than the population median, for example, less than or equal to the 40th percentile, less than or equal to the 30th percentile, less than or equal to the 20th percentile, less than or equal to the 10th percentile, less than or equal to the 5th percentile - Not high in the population, for example, less than or equal to the 80th percentile, less than or equal to the 70th percentile, less than or equal to the 60th percentile
- individuals whose Observed OTUs, Shannon Index, or Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity are less than 86.4% of the population distribution (Mean+SD), less than 80% of the population (80th percentile), less than 70% of the population (70th percentile), less than 60% of the population (60th percentile), less than 50% of the population (Median), less than 40% of the population (40th percentile), less than 30% of the population (30th percentile), less than 20% of the population (20th percentile), or less than 13.6% of the population (Mean-SD) may be determined to have low gut microbiota diversity.
- the gut microbiota diversity may be determined to be low when the Observed OTUs of a subject are less than 314 (Mean+SD), less than 291 (80th percentile), less than 278 (70th percentile), less than 261 (60th percentile), less than 240 (Mean), less than 207 (40th percentile), less than 185 (30th percentile), less than 173 (20th percentile), or less than 165 (Mean-SD).
- the gut microbiota diversity may be determined to be low when the subject's Shannon Index is less than 6.20 (Mean+SD), less than 6.12 (80th percentile), less than 6.02 (70th percentile), less than 5.85 (60th percentile), less than 5.65 (Mean), less than 5.59 (40th percentile), less than 5.40 (30th percentile), less than 5.18 (20th percentile), or less than 5.11 (Mean-SD).
- the diversity of the intestinal flora may be determined to be low when the subject's Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity is less than 20.09 (Mean+SD), less than 19.09 (80th percentile), less than 17.97 (70th percentile), less than 17.04 (60th percentile), less than 15.92 (Mean), less than 14.05 (40th percentile), less than 13.13 (30th percentile), less than 12.11 (20th percentile), or less than 11.75 (Mean-SD).
- the present inventors' study has revealed that the levels of CRP and LBP in subjects are significantly affected by the occupancy rate of specific bacteria in the intestinal flora and the degree of SPS, and that when the occupancy rate of specific bacteria is low, high SPS predicts high CRP and LBP.
- the above-mentioned estimation can be performed to determine whether or not intervention to maintain or increase the occupancy rate of specific bacteria in the intestinal flora is desirable for the subject.
- the specific bacteria are any one selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae, bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas, and bacteria belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011.
- the term "bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae” refers to bacteria identified as belonging to the family Marinifilaceae by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas refers to bacteria identified as belonging to the genus Butyricimonas by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011 refers to bacteria identified as belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011.
- the criteria for determining genera by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene are well known to those skilled in the art (Stackebrandt E, Ebers J. Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards. Microbiol Today 2006;33:152-155.).
- intervention include having a subject ingest probiotics containing the target bacteria when the subject does not have the target bacteria, performing a fecal transplant containing the target bacteria, proposing the ingestion of probiotics containing the target bacteria, or proposing a fecal transplant containing the target bacteria.
- the low occupancy rate of a particular bacterium in the intestinal flora means that, when the occupancy rate of that bacterium in a fecal sample is calculated by analyzing the sequence data of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon, the value is one of the following.
- Mean population mean
- SD standard deviation
- Mean-1SD standard deviation
- the population median for example, less than or equal to the 40th percentile, less than or equal to the 30th percentile, less than or equal to the 20th percentile, less than or equal to the 10th percentile, less than or equal to the 5th percentile - Not high in the population, for example, less than or equal to the 80th percentile, less than or equal to the 70th percentile, less than or equal to the 60th percentile
- the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae in the intestinal flora may be determined to be low when the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae in the subject's fecal sample is 0.20% or less, 0.16% or less, 0.12% or less, or 0.08% or less.
- the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas in the intestinal flora may be determined to be low when the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas in the subject's fecal sample is 0.07% or less, 0.06% or less, 0.05% or less, or 0.04% or less.
- the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011 group in the intestinal flora may be determined to be low when the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011 group in the subject's fecal sample is 0.20% or less, 0.16% or less, 0.12% or less, or 0.08% or less.
- risk estimation of diseases, etc. based on temperament or personality can be performed to determine whether an intervention for maintaining or improving the diversity of the gut microbiota is desirable for a subject, and examples of the intervention include having the subject ingest a composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of the gut microbiota, and suggesting the ingestion of such a composition.
- Risk estimation can also be performed to determine whether an intervention for maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in the gut microbiota is desirable for a subject, and examples of the intervention include having the subject ingest a composition for maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in the gut microbiota, and suggesting the ingestion of such a composition.
- the present embodiment relates to such a composition, or a composition for treating any of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP and intestinal barrier vulnerability, which includes a gut microbiota diversifying agent or a component having the function of maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in the gut microbiota.
- treatment includes reducing the risk of onset, delaying onset, prevention, treatment, and halting or delaying progression.
- Treatment includes radical treatment (treatment to remove the cause) and symptomatic treatment (treatment to improve symptoms).
- Actions for improvement or treatment include medical actions performed by doctors and nurses and midwives under the direction of doctors, as well as non-therapeutic actions performed by persons other than doctors, such as pharmacists, nutritionists (including registered dietitians and sports nutritionists), public health nurses, midwives, nurses, clinical laboratory technicians, sports instructors, pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical distributors, food manufacturers, food distributors, etc.
- prevention or reduction of the risk of onset includes suggestions for the intake of specific foods and nutritional guidance (including nutritional guidance necessary for the recuperation of injured or sick persons, and nutritional guidance for maintaining and promoting health).
- the active ingredient of the composition is a gut flora diversifying agent.
- the gut flora diversifying agent refers to an ingredient having either an effect of increasing the diversity of the gut flora or an effect of maintaining a high level of diversity of the gut flora.
- the active ingredient may be a probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic.
- the active ingredient may be any of the following: ⁇ Lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, or propionic acid bacteria ⁇ Vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids ⁇ Polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase ⁇ Oligosaccharides and dietary fiber ⁇ N-acetylglucosamine
- the active ingredient may be a lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. More specifically, the active ingredient may be Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 (FERM BP-6999) (recently reclassified as Lactobacillus paragasseri). These lactic acid bacteria are known to improve the upper gastrointestinal flora (International Publication WO2017/221799).
- the active ingredient may be bifidobacteria. More specifically, bifidobacteria is Bifidobacterium bifidum, and more specifically, Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 strain (Bifidobacterium bifidum, accession number: NITE BP-31). Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria are known as probiotics that promote bowel movements (JP Patent Publication No. 2022-157465).
- the active ingredient may be an extract or finely ground product of Kotara Himubutsu (a plant of the genus Salacia, Salacia reticulate, Salacia oblonga), and lactic acid bacteria and/or bifidobacteria.
- the lactic acid bacteria is more specifically one or more selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus caseinus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus lacrisum, Lactobacillus breve, and Lactobacillus kefirafaciens.
- the bifidobacteria is more specifically one or more selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus longum, Lactobacillus bifidum, and Lactobacillus breve.
- the indigestible oligosaccharide is more specifically fructooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, isomaltooligosaccharide, and lactosucrose. It is known that such a combination has an effect of improving the intestinal environment (JP Patent Publication 2007-031345).
- the active ingredient may be at least one selected from propionic acid bacteria or lactic acid bacteria, culture liquid, culture product, and processed product; 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives; and naphthalene derivatives.
- propionic acid bacteria or lactic acid bacteria culture liquid, culture product, and processed product
- 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives
- naphthalene derivatives 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives
- these ingredients are known to improve the ability of bifidobacteria to utilize oligosaccharides, and are known to promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria in particular in the intestine (JP Patent Publication 2000-256201).
- the active ingredient may be a whey fermentation product caused by propionic acid bacteria. More specifically, the propionic acid bacteria is Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Such ingredients are known to be able to inhibit the decrease of Lactobacillus lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract (JP Patent Publication No. 2018-062491).
- the active ingredient may be Lactobacillus mucosae.
- Lactobacillus mucosae is known to promote the increase of short-chain fatty acids and the increase of diversity (JP Patent Publication No. 2022-52715).
- Vitamins, ⁇ -3 fatty acids may be vitamin B2, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, biotin, vitamin B12, ⁇ -3 fatty acids, and any combination thereof. It is known that administration of any of these ingredients increases the diversity of the microflora in the intestinal tract (Patent Document 6).
- the active ingredient is the following: Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B2-5-phosphate (flavin mononucleotide), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2 + Vitamin C, Folic acid, Vitamin K1, DHA, DHA + EPA, EPA
- the active ingredients of the composition are polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase. It is believed that a polyphenol quinone produced by combining polyphenols with polyphenol oxidase causes a change in the intestinal environment, or a change in the state of the intestinal flora or the host itself, thereby improving the intestinal flora (Patent Document 8).
- polyphenols examples include cocoa polyphenols, apigenin, apigenin glycoside, acacetin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin glycoside, isoquercitrin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, esculetin, ethyl protocatechuate, ellagic acid, catechol, gamma acid, catechin, gardenin, gallocatechin, caffeic acid, caffeic acid ester, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, kaempferol glycoside, quercetin, quercetin glycoside, quercetagenin, genisetin, genisetin glycoside, gossypetin, gossypetin glycoside, gossypol, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, cyanidin, cyanidin glycoside, sinensetin, diosmetin, di Osmet
- Polyphenols may be contained in a plant containing polyphenols or in the form of an extract thereof.
- a plant refers to all or a part of the plant body, such as leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, skin, and (bulb) roots, and may be in a dried or crushed form, or in a raw state or in a crushed form.
- Extracts include the liquid itself obtained by extracting a plant body with water, such as distilled water or ion-exchanged water, or with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic solvent, or a (freeze-)dried product of the extract.
- the extraction method is not limited to solvent extraction, and may also be supercritical extraction, etc.
- plants include cacao beans, coffee beans, aloe, anise seeds, elder, eleutherococcus, plantain, orange flower, allspice, oregano, valerian, chamomile, capsicum pepper, cardamom, cassia, garlic, caraway seeds, cloves, cumin seeds, cola, coriander seeds, oak gallnut, saffron, pepper, juniper berries, cinnamon, ginger, star anise, St. John's Walnut, celery seeds, sesame seeds, rhubarb, tarragon, and tar.
- Polyphenol oxidase is an enzyme that has the ability to oxidize polyphenols to compounds with a quinone structure, or an enzyme that has the ability to add a phenolic hydroxyl group and oxidize polyphenols to quinones in addition to the oxidizing effect.
- Examples of polyphenol oxidase include catechol oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, tyrosinase, laccase, glucose oxidase, peroxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase.
- Polyphenol oxidase may be contained in a plant, fungus, or extract thereof that contains polyphenol oxidase.
- plants that contain polyphenol oxidase include apple, banana, pear, pear, strawberry, persimmon, pineapple, grape, apricot, peach, plum, papaya, quince, avocado, mango, cherry, apricot, melon, loquat, fig, prune, kiwi, blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, cranberry, currant, burdock, eggplant, tomato, mugwort, lotus root, lettuce, cabbage, etc.
- polyphenol oxidase-containing fungi examples include mushrooms of the genus Agaricus, such as mushrooms, and mushrooms of the genus Boletus, such as Polylution gracilis. Plants and fungi that contain polyphenol oxidase may be used alone or in combination with one another.
- the active ingredient may be three or more types of indigestible carbohydrates selected from oligosaccharides and dietary fiber. It is known that three or more types of indigestible carbohydrates selected from oligosaccharides and dietary fiber are useful for improving the diversity of intestinal flora (JP 2020-178684 A).
- examples of oligosaccharides include raffinose, stachyose, galactooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, lactofructose, lactulose, xylooligosaccharides, agarooligosaccharides, mannooligosaccharides, or fructooligosaccharides.
- dietary fibers examples include inulin, pectin, processed pectin, guar gum, hydrolyzed guar gum, psyllium seed gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, resistant starch, resistant dextrin, isomaltodextrin, polydextrose, cellulose, hemicellulose, soybean polysaccharides, ⁇ -glucan, glucomannan, galactomannan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, levan, lignin, alginic acid and its salts, agarose, and chitosan.
- the active ingredient may be at least one selected from N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine, and salts thereof.
- N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine are known to have the effect of diversifying the intestinal flora and relatively increasing beneficial bacteria (JP Patent Publication 2016-169175).
- the active ingredient (also called a functional ingredient) of the composition is an ingredient having a function of maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in the intestinal flora.
- the specific bacterium is any one selected from the group consisting of bacteria belonging to the family Marinifilaceae, bacteria belonging to the genus Butyricimonas, and bacteria belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011 group.
- Ingredients that maintain or increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the Marinifilaceae family in the intestinal flora include Tremella fuciformis (Xu Y., et al., Front. Immunol. 2021;12:648162.), nucleic acids (Ding et al., Front Nutr. 2022;9:820799.), yeast (Spatz et al., Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1087715.), extract of Rosa roxburghii fruit (Wang et al., Foods. 2022 Jun;11(12):1747.), L Probiotic materials such as Actobacillus reuteri (Li et al., Front Pharmacol.
- Cordyceps militaris Huang R, et al., Food Res Int. 2022; 157:111197.
- Agrocybe cylindracea Zhu Z, et al., Int J Biol Macrophage
- GLP-1 receptor agonists Zhang Q et al., Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2018; 243(1): 34-44.
- lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum (Huang et al., Nutrients.
- Bifidobacterium tuberculosis Bacbiotic mixtures such as Lactobacillus bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactococcus lactis (Mirjam Bloemendaal et al., Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11:300.), synbiotics (Sergeev, et al., Nutrients. 2020;12:222.), and mixed grains (millet, corn, oats, soybeans, and purple sweet potato) (Ji et al., Food Chem. Toxicol. 2021;147:111901.) can be used.
- Probiotic mixtures such as Lactobacillus bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus case
- Ingredients that maintain or increase the occupancy rate of bacteria belonging to the Family XIII AD3011 group in the intestinal flora include phytogenic materials such as oregano essential oil (Hall et al. Animal Microbiome. 2021; 3:2), raw materials containing monoterpene derivatives such as carvacrol and thymol, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidopsis, and other microorganisms.
- phytogenic materials such as oregano essential oil (Hall et al. Animal Microbiome. 2021; 3:2), raw materials containing monoterpene derivatives such as carvacrol and thymol, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidopsis, and other microorganisms.
- Probiotics such as Lactobacillus hilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactococcus lactis (Mirjam Bloemendaal et al., Transl Psychiatry. 2021; 11: 300.), and prebiotics such as dextrin and guar gum hydrolysates (Obermuller et al., Nutrients. 2020; 12: 2029.) can be used.
- the composition may be a food composition or a pharmaceutical composition.
- the term "foods” and “medicines” refers to foods and medicines for humans as well as animals other than humans, unless otherwise specified.
- the term “foods” refers to general foods, functional foods, and nutritional compositions, as well as therapeutic foods (foods that serve the purpose of treatment. Foods that are prepared based on a menu prepared by a nutritionist or the like according to a doctor's meal prescription), dietary therapy foods, ingredient-adjusted foods, nursing care foods, and foods for medical support, unless otherwise specified.
- the term "foods” refers to foods that can impart a specific functionality to a living body, and includes all types of health foods, such as foods for specified health uses (including conditionally designated health foods), foods with functional claims, foods with health claims including foods with nutritional functions, foods for special uses, foods with nutritional supplements, dietary supplements, supplements (for example, tablets, coated tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, liquids, and other various dosage forms), and beauty foods (for example, diet foods).
- the term "functional food” includes health foods to which a health claim based on the food standards of Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Commission) is applied.
- composition may be administered orally, parenterally, for example, via a tube (gastrostomy, enterostomy), or intranasally, but is preferably administered orally.
- the composition can be administered to a subject repeatedly, and can be administered to a subject continuously for an extended period of time.
- the period is not particularly limited, but in order to fully demonstrate the effect, it is preferable to administer the composition continuously for a relatively long period of time, for example, 3 days or more, 1 week or more, 2 weeks or more, 1 month or more, 3 months or more, 6 months or more, or 1 year or more.
- the composition may be administered routinely, proactively, such as when there is a high risk, or when the need arises.
- the composition may be administered with a meal, before, after, or between meals, or at the onset of the disease or condition that it is desired to ameliorate with the composition.
- the dosage of the composition may be any amount that exerts the desired effect, and may be appropriately determined taking into consideration various factors such as the age, weight, and symptoms of the subject.
- the daily dosage of the composition may be at least 0.1 mg of active ingredient, preferably at least 0.3 mg, more preferably at least 0.6 mg, and even more preferably at least 1 mg.
- the upper limit of the active ingredient per day, whatever the lower limit, may be 10 g or less, 5 g or less, 1 g or less, 100 mg or less, 60 mg or less, 30 mg or less, or 15 mg or less.
- the amount of active ingredient refers to the total amount of active ingredients contained.
- Dosage may be once a day or multiple times a day, for example 2 to 10 times.
- the amount of active ingredient per dose may be, for example, 0.01 mg or more, preferably 0.03 mg or more, more preferably 0.06 mg or more, and even more preferably 0.1 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of active ingredient per dose, whatever the lower limit, may be 3 g or less, 1 g or less, 100 mg or less, 33 mg or less, 20 mg or less, 10 mg or less, or 5 mg or less.
- the content of the active ingredient in the composition can be appropriately determined depending on the form of the composition.
- the content of the active ingredient per solid content of the composition can be 0.1% or more, preferably 0.3% or more, more preferably 0.6% or more, and even more preferably 1% or more.
- the upper limit of the active ingredient per solid content whatever the lower limit, can be 50% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less.
- % means % by mass, unless otherwise specified.
- the content of the active ingredient may be, for example, 0.01% or more, preferably 0.03% or more, more preferably 0.06% or more, and even more preferably 0.1% or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the active ingredient whatever the lower limit, may be 5% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, 1% or less, or 0.5% or less.
- the composition may contain other active ingredients or nutritional ingredients that are acceptable as foods or pharmaceuticals.
- ingredients include lipids (e.g., milk fat, vegetable oil, medium-chain fatty acid-containing oil), proteins (e.g., milk protein, milk protein concentrate (MPC), whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), ⁇ -lactalbumin ( ⁇ -La), ⁇ -lactoglobulin ( ⁇ -Lg), heat-denatured whey protein, and enzyme-treated whey protein), amino acids (e.g., lysine, arginine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, valine), carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, trehalose, erythritol, maltitol, palatinose, xylitol, dextrin), electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
- the composition may contain probiotics and prebiotics other than the active ingredient. There are no particular limitations on the probiotics and prebiotics other than the active ingredient, so long as they do not interfere with the effects of the active ingredient contained in the composition.
- the composition may further comprise additives that are acceptable for use as food or medicine.
- additives are inert carriers (solid or liquid carriers), excipients, surfactants, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, coating agents, colorants, preservatives, buffers, pH adjusters, emulsifiers, stabilizers, sweeteners, antioxidants, flavors, acidulants, and natural products.
- these include water, other aqueous solvents, pharma- ceutical acceptable organic solvents, collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, sodium alginate, water-soluble dextran, water-soluble dextrin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, pectin, xanthan gum, gum arabic, casein, gelatin, agar, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, petrolatum, paraffin, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, human serum albumin, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, sucralose, stevia, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, fruit juice, vegetable juice, etc.
- pharma- ceutical acceptable organic solvents collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl poly
- the food composition may be prepared in any form, such as solid, liquid, mixture, suspension, powder, granule, paste, jelly, gel, capsule, etc.
- the food composition according to the present invention may be in any form, such as dairy products, supplements, confectionery, beverages, drinks, seasonings, processed foods, side dishes, soups, etc.
- the composition may be in the form of liquid food, semi-liquid food, jelly, gel, powder, modified milk powder, modified liquid milk, powdered milk/liquid milk for pregnant women/nursing women, fermented milk, bar, mousse, chocolate, biscuit, ice cream, fermented milk, lactic acid bacteria beverage, dairy beverage, milk beverage, soft drink, tablet, cheese, bread, biscuit, cracker, pizza crust, food for sick people, nutritional food, frozen food, processed food, etc., and may be in the form of granule, powder, paste, thick liquid, etc., for mixing with beverages or foods for administration.
- the granules and powders may be in the form of cubes or sticks (packed in a single serving).
- Formulated milk powder or liquid formula (these are sometimes collectively referred to as formula milk products.
- formula milk products are sometimes explained using formula milk as an example, but the explanation also applies to liquid formula milk) can be for infants, follow-up use (to supplement weaning food), low birth weight infants, children, adults, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, the elderly, those with allergies, those with lactose intolerance, and those with congenital metabolic disorders.
- Preferred examples of formula milk products are for infants, follow-up use, low birth weight infants, and children.
- the stage of blending the active ingredient can be appropriately selected.
- the stage of blending is not particularly limited as long as it does not significantly impair the properties of the active ingredient.
- the active ingredient can be blended by mixing it with the raw material.
- the active ingredient can be added at the final stage of production to produce a composition containing the active ingredient.
- composition may be labeled with its intended use (application), and may also be labeled with a recommendation for administration to a specific subject.
- the composition may be labeled to the effect that the composition or active ingredient is capable of diversifying the intestinal flora, assisting in the diversification of the intestinal flora, treating a disease or condition that is ameliorated by the diversification of the intestinal flora, or assisting in such treatment; capable of maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of specific bacteria in the intestinal flora, assisting in the maintenance or increase of the occupancy rate of specific bacteria in the intestinal flora, treating a disease or condition that is ameliorated by the maintenance or increase of the occupancy rate of specific bacteria in the intestinal flora, or assisting in such treatment; can be used as a probiotic, as a prebiotic, as a synbiotic, or can treat a related disease, and may also be labeled to the effect that administration is recommended for a specific subject.
- Display can be direct or indirect.
- Examples of direct display are descriptions on tangible objects such as the product itself, packaging, containers, labels, and tags
- examples of indirect display include advertising and promotional activities by place or means such as websites, storefronts, pamphlets, exhibitions, media seminars, books, newspapers, magazines, television, radio, mail, e-mail, and audio.
- a risk estimation device that estimates a risk of a subject based on temperament or personality information of the subject, and a personalized recommendation system that suggests actions or products based on the temperament or personality information of the subject.
- the temperament or personality information may be sensory processing sensitivity information.
- any reference to temperament or personality information may be replaced with sensory processing sensitivity information.
- FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram of a personalized proposal system in this embodiment.
- the personalized proposal system includes a personalized proposal device 1 and one or more terminal devices 2.
- the type of the personalized proposal device 1 is not particularly limited.
- the personalized proposal device 1 may be a server.
- the personalized proposal device 1 is, for example, an Application Service Provider (ASP) server, a cloud server, etc.
- ASP Application Service Provider
- the terminal device 2 is a terminal used by the subject or its administrator (sometimes called a user).
- the user may be the subject from whom the temperament or personality information is derived, or may be a person in a position to provide guidance or advice to the subject (sometimes called an administrator).
- One or more terminal devices 2 may be terminals for viewing information on actions or products suggested by the personalized suggestion device 1, or may be terminals for transmitting information on actions or products suggested by the personalized suggestion device 1.
- the terminal device 2 may be connected to the personalized suggestion device 1 via a communication means.
- the type of the terminal device 2 is not particularly limited.
- the terminal device 2 may be, for example, a personal computer, a tablet terminal, a smartphone, etc.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram of the personalized suggestion device 1 in this embodiment.
- the personalized proposal device 1 includes an information acquisition means 14 and a proposal information configuration means 16.
- the information acquisition means 14 constituting the personalized proposal device 1 acquires temperament or personality information of the subject.
- the information acquiring means 14 acquires various information about the subject in addition to the subject's temperament or personality information.
- the various information may be, for example, any of the following: - Attribute information of the subject, including any one selected from the group consisting of gender and age; - Test result information on the subject's physical and health condition, including any selected from the group consisting of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), obesity level, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver and pancreas function, metabolic system, blood, urine, renal function, and large intestine; - Survey result information on the subject's lifestyle, including any selected from the group consisting of drinking habits, smoking habits, smoking history, exercise habits, and sleep time; and - Other survey result information, including any selected from the group consisting of the subject's subjective symptoms, stress, medical history, work history, and preferences.
- the above various information may be related to CRP and various diseases or conditions, such as arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- diseases or conditions such as arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- the subject's temperament or personality information acquired by the information acquisition means 14 may be calculated from the subject's responses to specific questions.
- the personalized suggestion device 1 may have a question providing means 11, an answer acquiring means 12, and a calculation means.
- the question providing means 11 that may be included in the personalized suggestion device 1 provides predetermined questions to the subject. Examples of questions to be provided are those described above in the section [Analysis of temperament or personality, use as an index].
- Answer acquisition means 11 that may be included in the personalized suggestion device 1 acquires answers from the subjects to the questions. As described above in the section [Analysis of temperament or personality, use as an index], the answers may be answers given by the subjects on a 7-point scale indicating to what extent the answers apply to them.
- the answer acquisition means 12 that may be included in the personalized suggestion device 1 calculates the subject's temperament or personality information based on the subject's answers.
- the proposed information construction means 16 compares the temperament or personality information acquired from the information acquisition means 14 with a behavior or product database showing the relationship between human temperament or personality and the behavior or product to be proposed, and constructs behavior or product information to be proposed to the subject.
- the proposal information configuration means 16 may configure behavior or product information to be proposed to the subject based on the estimated risk information from the temperament or personality information acquired from the information acquisition means 14 via an estimation means for estimating the risk of the subject.
- the personalized proposal device 1 may further include an estimation means 15 for estimating the risk of the subject in reference to a database showing the relationship between a human temperament or personality and at least one of the risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP and the vulnerability risk of the subject's intestinal barrier.
- the proposed information configuration means 16 can integrate the acquired temperament or personality information with various other information, compare it with a predetermined database, and comprehensively configure behavior or product information to be proposed to the subject.
- the database referred to here is, for example, a behavior or product database that comprehensively indicates the relationship between a person's temperament or personality and various other information, and the behavior or product to be proposed.
- the proposed information configuration means 16 can synthesize the acquired temperament or personality information and various other information, compare them with a predetermined database, estimate the subject's risk by the risk estimation means, and configure behavior or product information to be proposed to the subject based on the estimated risk information.
- the database referred to here is, for example, a database showing the relationship between a person's temperament or personality and various other information and at least one of the risk of a disease or condition associated with the CRP level and the vulnerability risk of the subject's intestinal barrier.
- the risk estimation by the estimation means 15 can be performed based on a reference value, as described above in the section [Analysis of temperament or personality, use as an index].
- the risk estimated by the estimation means 15 is the risk of a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP, such as any selected from the group consisting of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and any selected from the group consisting of risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- a disease or condition associated with the level of CRP such as any selected from the group consisting of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and any selected from the group consisting of risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability.
- the information presented by the proposed information configuration means 16 is actions for maintaining or improving the diversity of the intestinal flora, and the ingestion of a composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of the intestinal flora.
- it is actions for maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in the intestinal flora, and the ingestion of a composition for maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in the intestinal flora.
- An example of a product for maintaining or improving the diversity of intestinal flora presented by the proposed information configuration means 16 is the composition for maintaining or improving the diversity of intestinal flora described above in the section [Composition].
- An example of a product for maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in an intestinal flora presented by the proposed information configuration means 16 is the composition for maintaining or increasing the occupancy rate of a specific bacterium in an intestinal flora described above in the section [Composition].
- a personalized recommendation program causes a computer to perform the following steps: An information acquisition step of acquiring temperament or personality information of a subject; A proposal information configuration step for configuring behavior or product information to be proposed to the subject by checking the acquired temperament or personality information against an action or product database indicating the relationship between a human temperament or personality and an action or product to be proposed.
- the personalized suggestions program may be a program that further causes a computer to: a question providing step of providing a predetermined question to the subject; an answer acquisition step of acquiring answers from the subject to the questions; and a calculation step of calculating temperament or personality information of the subject based on the answers.
- a computer-readable recording medium having the above computer program recorded thereon is provided.
- Example 1 ⁇ Method> (1) Analysis method using HSP-J10 Study design: Cross-sectional study Subjects: 110 subjects from a cross-sectional study (Study number MIJ20C1, study period: November 2019 to March 2021) that measured various biomarkers such as intestinal flora in men and women aged 20 to 60 years were recruited for this study. 90 subjects participated in the study, excluding 20 subjects who were unable to obtain consent or respond to the survey, and 88 subjects were analyzed this time, excluding 2 subjects from whom feces could not be collected.
- CRP Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- LBP Measurement Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) was measured using an LBP Human ELISA kit (Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands).
- Fecal collection, DNA extraction, sequencing, and bacterial flora analysis Fecal samples were collected by the subjects themselves and homogenized using FastPrep-24 5G (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA, US) with 0.1 mm Zirconia beads (EZ-Extract for DNA/RNA, AMR, Tokyo, Japan).
- DNA was extracted from homogenized fecal samples using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) according to a modified version of 'Protocol Q' (Costea PI, et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2017;35:1069-1076. doi: 10.1038/nbt.3960.).
- V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR using the universal bacterial primer sets of the following sequences and sequenced using the MiSeq Reagent kit v3 (600 cycles) (Illumina Inc., California, U.S.).
- CRP logarithmic transformation
- Predictors Step (1) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, and proportion of the family Marinifilaceae.
- Step (2) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, proportion of the family Marinifilaceae, and HSP-J10 ⁇ proportion of the family Marinifilaceae.
- Step (1) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, and proportion of the family Marinifilaceae.
- Step (2) ⁇ Gender, age, BMI, HSP-J10, proportion of the family Marinifilaceae, and HSP-J10 ⁇ proportion of the family Marinifilaceae.
- the occupancy rate of specific intestinal bacteria modulated the relationship between SPS and CRP and LBP, and it was shown that the higher the SPS, the higher the CRP and LBP only when the occupancy rate of specific intestinal flora (family Marinifilaceae, genus Butyricimonas, family XIII AD3011 group) was, and when the occupancy rate of specific intestinal flora (family Marinifilaceae, genus Butyricimonas, family XIII AD3011 group) was high, there was no association between SPS and CRP or LBP.
- CRP is generally known as an acute inflammation marker that increases in infectious diseases, but it is also known to be an indicator of subclinical arteriosclerosis and a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, depression, IBS, etc.
- LBP is also used as a marker of intestinal barrier fragility. Therefore, the results of this study showed that by evaluating SPS or its subscales LST and EOE, it is possible to select individuals who are likely to have high CRP, which causes various diseases, and LBP, which is an index of intestinal barrier fragility.
- Non-Patent Document 17 de Rekeneire N, et al., 2006, Diabetes Care., 29:1902-1908.
- Non-Patent Document 18 Panickar KS, et al., 2015, Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig., 23:59-70.
- Non-patent Document 19 Costello-White R, et al.,.2015, Age., 37:9808.
- Non-patent document 20 Tegeler C et al., 2016, Neurobiol Aging., 38:112-117.
- Non-patent document 21 Song IU, et al., 2015, Int J Med Sci., 12:613-617.
- Non-patent document 22 Danesh J, et al., 2000, BMJ, 321: 199-204.
- Non-Patent Document 23 Ridker PM. et al., 2001, Circulation, 103: 1813-1818.
- Non-patent document 24 Ridker PM. et al., 2003, Circulation 107: 363-369.
- Non-Patent Document 25 Tracy RP, et al., 1997, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 17:1121-1127.
- Non-patent document 26 Cesari M, et al., 2003, Am J Cardiol., 92:522-528.
- Non-patent document 27 Makita S, et al., 2005, Stroke., 36:2138-2142.
- Non-patent literature 28 Baysak, E., et al., 2022, The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 23: 243-256.
- Non-patent document 29 Hod et al., 2011, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 23:1105-1110.
- Non-patent document 30 Schumann RR. et al., 2011, Biochem Soc Trans., 39:989-993.
- Non-patent Document 31 Stehle, Jr, et al., 2012, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci., 67: 1212-1218.
- Non-patent document 32 Takahashi, 2016, Emotional Psychology Research, 23: 68-77.
- Non-Patent Document 33 Chamberlain, et al., Br J Psychiatry. 2019 Jan; 214(1): 11-19.
- Non-patent document 34 Chang et al., Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:105-113.
- Non-patent document 35 Yin et al., Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:432-441.
- Non-patent document 36 Zhang et al., Neurobiol Aging, . 2022 Jan;109:259-263.
- Non-patent document 37 Qiu et al., Front Neurol. 2019; 10: 384.
- Non-patent document 38 Fond et al., Front Psychiatry. 2018; 9: 392.
- Non-patent document 39 Ekinci, & Ekinci, (Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry 2020;23:414-422
- Non-patent document 40 Zhong et al.,Front Neurol. 2019; 10: 974.
- Non-patent document 41 Chen P, Zhou G, Lin J, Li L, Zeng Z, Chen M
- the present invention provides a personalized food composition containing a gut bacteria diversifier and a method for producing food.
- the present invention also makes it possible to estimate the risk of a disease or condition associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the risk of intestinal barrier vulnerability by non-invasive means, which is expected to lead to improved nutrition for a variety of people, ensure healthy lives, and promote welfare.
- CRP C-reactive protein
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medical Treatment And Welfare Office Work (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許文献8には、ポリフェノール及びポリフェノール酸化酵素を有効成分として含む、腸内細菌改善剤が記載されている。
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
のいずれかを推定する方法。
[2] 気質又は性格の分析が、環境感受性の分析である、1に記載の方法。
[3] 気質又は性格の分析が、感覚処理感受性(Sensory Processing Sensitivity; SPS)の分析である、1又は2に記載の方法。
[4] 推定が、基準値に基づき行われる、1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[5] 基準値が、平均値、中央値、又は所定のパーセンタイルに位置する値に基づき定められた値である、4に記載の方法。
[6] 気質又は性格の分析が、SPSの分析であり、
基準値が、HSP(Highly Sensitive Person)尺度得点が4.4、LST(Low Sensory Threshold、低感覚閾)尺度得点が4.4、及びEOE(Ease of Excitation、易興奮性)尺度得点が4.2からなる群より選択されるいずれかである、1から5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[7] CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態が、動脈硬化、高血圧、糖尿病、腎臓病、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、認知機能の低下、心血管疾患、抑うつ、うつ病、注意欠如・多動症(ADHD)、自閉スペクトラム症、統合失調症、双極性障害、てんかん、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、及び炎症性腸疾患(IBD)からなる群より選択されるいずれかである、1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[8] 推定が、被験者に対して
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が望ましいか否か、
腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が望ましいか否か、
腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が好ましいか否か、及び
腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が望ましいか否か、
から選択されるいずれかを判定するために行われる、1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[9] 介入が、
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取を提案すること
腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物の摂取を提案すること、
腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物の摂取を提案すること、及び
腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物の摂取を提案すること、
から選択されるいずれかを含む、8に記載の方法。
[10] 被験者の感覚処理感受性の、
・被験者のCRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
の少なくとも一方の指標としての使用。
[11] 腸内菌叢の多様性が低い被験者における、気質又は性格の、CRPレベル、及びリポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)のレベルのいずれかの指標としての使用。
[12] 腸内菌叢多様化剤を含む、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための、組成物。CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための方法において使用するための、腸内菌叢多様化剤を含む組成物。腸内菌叢多様化剤の、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための組成物の製造における使用。腸内菌叢多様化剤を対象に投与する工程を含む、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための方法又は非治療的方法。腸内菌叢多様化剤の、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置における使用又は非治療的使用。
[13] 被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者に対して下記のいずれかを行う、方法又は非治療的方法:
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善することの提案、及び
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入。
[14] 腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善すること、及び腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取である、13に記載の方法又は非治療的方法。
[15] 被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得手段、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクを推定するリスク推定手段
を備える、リスク推定装置。
取得した気質又は性格情報に基づき、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成するが、このとき行動又は商品は、
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は向上させるもの、
腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるもの、
腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるもの、及び
腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるもの、
から選択されるいずれかである、提案情報構成手段
を備える、パーソナライズド提案装置。
[17] リスク推定手段を含み、
提案情報構成手段が、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を示す行動又は商品データベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成するか、又は
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクをリスク推定手段により推定し、推定したリスク情報に基づいて、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、16に記載の装置。
[18] 下記をさらに含む、16に記載の装置:
被験者への所定の質問を提供する、質問提供手段、
質問に対する被験者からの回答を取得する、回答取得手段、及び
回答に基づき、被験者の気質又は性格情報を算出する、算出手段。
[19] 情報取得手段が、下記からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報をさらに取得する、16に記載の装置:
・被験者の、性別、及び年齢からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む属性情報;
・被験者の、身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、身体・健康状態に関する検査結果情報;
・被験者の、飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、生活習慣の調査結果情報;及び
・被験者の、自覚症状、ストレス、既往歴、業務歴、及び好みからなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、その他の調査結果情報。
[20] 構成された提案情報が、通信手段を介して接続された端末に表示されるものである、15から19のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得ステップ、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を示す行動又は商品データベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、提案情報構成ステップ
を実行させる、パーソナライズド提案プログラム。
[22] 行動又は商品データベースが、
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は向上させる行動又は商品の情報、
腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる行動又は商品の情報、
腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる行動又は商品の情報、及び
腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる行動又は商品の情報、
から選択されるいずれかを含む、21に記載のプログラム。
[23] コンピュータに、さらに下記を実行させる、21又は22に記載のプログラム:
被験者への所定の質問を提供する、質問提供ステップ、
質問に対する被験者の回答を取得する、回答取得ステップ、及び
回答に基づき、被験者の気質又は性格情報を算出する、算出ステップ。
[24] 22又は23に記載のコンピュータプログラムが記録された、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
[1] 被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者の
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
のいずれかを推定する方法。
[2] 気質又は性格の分析が、環境感受性の分析である、1に記載の方法。
[3] 気質又は性格の分析が、感覚処理感受性(Sensory Processing Sensitivity; SPS)の分析である、1又は2に記載の方法。
[4] 推定が、基準値に基づき行われる、1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[5] 基準値が、平均値、中央値、又は所定のパーセンタイルに位置する値に基づき定められた値である、4に記載の方法。
[6] 気質又は性格の分析が、SPSの分析であり、
基準値が、HSP(Highly Sensitive Person)尺度得点が4.4、LST(Low Sensory Threshold、低感覚閾)尺度得点が4.4、及びEOE(Ease of Excitation、易興奮性)尺度得点が4.2からなる群より選択されるいずれかである、5に記載の方法。
[7] CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態が、動脈硬化、高血圧、糖尿病、腎臓病、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、認知機能の低下、心血管疾患、抑うつ、うつ病、注意欠如・多動症(ADHD)、自閉スペクトラム症、統合失調症、双極性障害、てんかん、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、及び炎症性腸疾患(IBD)からなる群より選択されるいずれかである、1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[8] 推定が、被験者に対して腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が望ましいか否かを判定するために行われる、1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[9] 介入が、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取を提案することを含む、8に記載の方法。
[10] 被験者の気質又は性格の、
・被験者のCRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
の少なくとも一方の指標としての使用。
[11] 腸内菌叢の多様性が低い被験者における、気質又は性格の、CRPレベル、及びリポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)のレベルのいずれかの指標としての使用。
[12] 腸内菌叢多様化剤を含む、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための、組成物。
[13] 被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者に対して下記のいずれかを行う、方法:
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善することの提案、及び
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入。
[14] 腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善すること、及び腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取である、13に記載の方法。
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクを推定する推定手段
を備える、リスク推定装置。
[16] 被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得手段、
取得した気質又は性格情報に基づき、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、提案情報構成手段
を備える、パーソナライズド提案装置。
[17] 提案情報構成手段が、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を示す行動又は商品データベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成するか、又は
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクを推定し、推定したリスク情報に基づいて、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、15又は16に記載の装置。
[18] 下記をさらに含む、15から17のいずれか1項に記載の装置:
被験者への所定の質問を表示する、質問表示手段、
質問に対する被験者からの回答を取得する、回答取得手段、及び
回答に基づき、被験者の気質又は性格情報を算出する、算出手段。
[19] 情報取得手段が、下記からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報をさらに取得する、15から18のいずれか1項に記載の装置:
・被験者の、性別、及び年齢からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む属性情報;
・被験者の、身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、身体・健康状態に関する検査結果情報;
・被験者の、飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、生活習慣の調査結果情報;及び
・被験者の、自覚症状、ストレス、既往歴、業務歴、及び好みからなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、その他の調査結果情報。
[20] 構成された提案情報が、被験者又はその管理者の端末に表示されるものである、15から19のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
[21] コンピュータに、
被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得ステップ、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を示す行動又は商品データベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、提案情報構成ステップ
を実行させる、パーソナライズド提案プログラム。
[22] コンピュータに、さらに下記を実行させる、21に記載のプログラム:
被験者への所定の質問を表示する、質問表示ステップ、
質問に対する被験者の回答を取得する、回答取得ステップ、及び
回答に基づき、被験者の気質又は性格情報を算出する、算出ステップ。
[23] 21又は22に記載のコンピュータプログラムが記録された、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
属性(性別、及び年齢等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報);
身体・健康状態に関する検査結果(身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの検査結果);
生活習慣の調査結果(飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果);及び
その他の調査結果(自覚症状、ストレス、既往歴、業務歴、及び好み等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果)
からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報の処理と共に実施する、被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者の
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
のいずれかを推定する、1から9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[32] 被験者の、
属性(性別、及び年齢等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報);
身体・健康状態に関する検査結果(身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの検査結果);
生活習慣の調査結果(飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果);及び
その他の調査結果(自覚症状、既往歴、業務歴、及び好み等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果)
からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報の処理と共に実施する、被験者の気質又は性格の、
・被験者のCRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方の指標としての使用。
[33] 被験者の、
属性(性別、及び年齢等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報);
身体・健康状態に関する検査結果(身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの検査結果);
生活習慣の調査結果(飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果);及び
その他の調査結果(自覚症状、既往歴、業務歴、及び好み等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果)
からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報の処理と共に実施する、腸内菌叢の多様性が低い被験者における、気質又は性格の、CRPレベル、及びリポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)のレベルのいずれかの指標としての使用。
[34] 被験者の、
属性(性別、及び年齢等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報);
身体・健康状態に関する検査結果(身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの検査結果);
生活習慣の調査結果(飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果);及び
その他の調査結果(自覚症状、既往歴、業務歴、及び好み等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果)
からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報の処理と共に用いられる、被験者に摂取させるための、腸内菌叢多様化剤を含む、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置ための、組成物。
[35] 被験者の、
属性(性別、及び年齢等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報);
身体・健康状態に関する検査結果(身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの検査結果);
生活習慣の調査結果(飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果);及び
その他の調査結果(自覚症状、既往歴、業務歴、及び好み等からなる群より選択されるいずれかの調査結果)
からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報の処理と共に実施する、被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者に対して下記のいずれかを行う、方法:
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善することの提案、及び
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入。
[26] 腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善すること、及び腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取である、35に記載の方法。
本発明の一態様により、対象(被験者)のタイプに合わせて、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善することの提案、及び腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入を行うこと、腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させることの提案、腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入、腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させることの提案、腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入、及び腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させることの提案、腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入ができる。
本発明の一態様により、腸内細菌多様化剤、Marinifilaceae科に属する細菌の維持又は増殖剤、Butyricimonas科に属する細菌の維持又は増殖剤、Family XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の維持又は増殖剤、を含む食品等を提供することができる。
本発明の一態様により、科学的根拠に基づき、対象(被験者)に、行動を促すこと、製品の摂取を提案すること、製品を提供すること等を行うことができ、また対象(被験者)のタイプに合わせてパーソナライズ化された(パーソナライズドということもある。)、行動の促進、製品の摂取の提案、製品の提供等を行うことができる。
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
・被験者のCRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
一態様では、後述するリスク推定等を行うために、被験者の気質又は性格を分析する。被験者は、対象者と言い換えることもできる。本発明に関し、気質(又は性格ということもある)とは、遺伝子などの生得的な要因によって特徴づけられる行動あるいは心理的特性のことを指す。一般に、対象者の年齢によって気質と性格とを使い分ける場合がある。幼児期を対象にする場合は気質、青年期以降は性格と表記する傾向がある。また後述する感覚処理感受性は、気質あるいは性格的な特性であると理解されている。本発明に関し、気質について説明することがあるが、その説明は、性格についても当てはまる。
・専門家による観察ベースの評定方法:Lionetti, F., Aron, E. N., Aron, A., Klein, D. N., & Pluess, M. (2019). Observer-Rated Environmental Sensitivity Moderates Children’s Response to Parenting Quality in Early Childhood. Developmental Psychology, 55(11), 2389-2402. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000795.supp
・保護者による評定:Sperati, A., Spinelli, M., Fasolo, M., Pastore, M., Pluess, M., & Lionetti, F. (2022). Investigating sensitivity through the lens of parents: validation of the parent-report version of the Highly Sensitive Child scale. Development and Psychopathology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422001298
・英語:Aron, E. N., & Aron, A. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 345-368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.345
・ドイツ語:Konrad, S., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2017). Psychometric Properties and Validation of a German High Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS-G). European Journal of Psychological Assessment: Official Organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment, 1, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000411
・イタリア語:Nocentini, A., Menesini, E., & Pluess, M. (2018). The personality trait of environmental sensitivity predicts children’s positive response to school-based antibullying intervention. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(6), 848-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702618782194
・オランダ語:Weyn, S., Van Leeuwen, K., Pluess, M., Lionetti, F., Greven, C. U., Goossens, L., Colpin, H., Van Den Noortgate, W., Verschueren, K., Bastin, M., Van Hoof, E., De Fruyt, F., & Bijttebier, P. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Highly Sensitive Child scale across developmental stage, gender, and country. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00254-5
・トルコ語:Sengul-Inal, G., & Sumer, N. (2017). Exploring the Multidimensional Structure of Sensory Processing Sensitivity in Turkish Samples. Current Psychology, 1(2007), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9751-0
・日本語版青年前期用敏感性尺度(HSCS-A):岐部、平野, パーソナリティ研究, 2019 第28 巻 第 2 号 108-118
・中学生用感覚感受性尺度:飯村周平(2016).中学生用感覚感受性尺度(SSSI)作成の試み、パーソナリティ研究,25, 154-157.
・成人用感覚感受性尺度:船橋亜希(2013).成人用感覚感受性尺度作成の試み、中京大学心理学研究科・心理学部紀要,12, 29-36.
・日本語版幼児用HSC尺度:鈴木亜由美(2017)「幼児用 Highly Sensitive Child Scale 日本語版作成の試み」日本教育心理学会第 59 回総会発表論文集,353
・児童期幼敏感性尺度:岐部智恵子・平野真理(2020)「日本語版児童期用敏感性尺度(HSCS-C)の作成」、日本パーソナリティ心理学会,29(1),8-10.
・英語:Dev Psychol. 2018 Jan;54(1):51-70. doi: 10.1037/dev0000406. Epub 2017 Sep 21. Environmental sensitivity in children: Development of the Highly Sensitive Child Scale and identification of sensitivity groups. Michael Pluess 1, Elham Assary 1, Francesca Lionetti 1, Kathryn J Lester 2, Eva Krapohl 3, Elaine N Aron 4, Arthur Aron 4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28933890/
・英語:Assessment. 2022 Jun;29(4):607-629. doi: 10.1177/1073191120983894. Epub 2021 Jan 10. Improving the Measurement of Environmental Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: The Highly Sensitive Child Scale-21 Item Version. Sofie Weyn 1, Karla Van Leeuwen 1, Michael Pluess 2, Francesca Lionetti 2 3, Luc Goossens 1, Guy Bosmans 1, Wim Van Den Noortgate 1 4 5, Dries Debeer 4 5, Anne Sophie Brohl 1, Patricia Bijttebier 1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33426925/
・スペイン語:Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 6;19(5):3101. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19053101. Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Highly Sensitive Child Scale: The Parent Version. Borja Costa-Lopez 1, Nicolas Ruiz-Robledillo 1, Natalia Albaladejo-Blazquez 1, Monika Baryla-Matejczuk 2, Rosario Ferrer-Cascales 1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270793/
(疾患等のリスク推定、バイオマーカーとしての使用)
本発明者らの検討により、気質又は性格を分析することで、様々な疾患の原因となるCRPのレベル、及び腸管バリアの状態の脆弱性の指標となるLPS結合タンパク質(LBP)のレベルが高くなる可能性が高い人を選抜できることが判明している。すなわち、上述のように被験者の気質又は性格を分析することにより、被験者におけるC反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者におけるLBPのレベルに関連した疾患又は状態のリスクを推定することができる。また、被験者の気質又は性格を、被験者のCRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者のLBPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスクの指標(バイオマーカー)として使用することができる。なお、疾患又は状態のリスクとは、その疾患又は状態が発症又は発現の率に関係する。
CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態の例として、動脈硬化、高血圧、糖尿病、腎臓病、認知機能の低下、心血管疾患、抑うつ、及び過敏性腸症候群(IBS)が挙げられる。CRPは、一般的には、感染症などで増加する急性期の炎症マーカーとして知られているが、不顕性の動脈硬化の指標(非特許文献14)や、高血圧(非特許文献15, 16)、糖尿病(非特許文献17)、腎臓病(非特許文献18, 19)、認知機能の低下(非特許文献20, 21),心血管疾患(非特許文献22-27)、抑うつ(非特許文献28)、過敏性腸症候群(IBS) (非特許文献29)などのリスク因子となることが知られている。
うつ病(非特許文献33)、ADHD(非特許文献34)、自閉スペクトラム症(非特許文献35)、アルツハイマー病(非特許文献36)、パーキンソン病(非特許文献37)、統合失調症(非特許文献38)、双極性障害(非特許文献39)、てんかん(非特許文献40、41)、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)(非特許文献42)
本発明者らの検討により、被験者におけるCRP及びLBPのレベルには、腸内菌叢の多様性とSPSの程度の有意な交互作用の影響が認められ、腸内菌叢の多様性が低い場合、SPSの高さがCRP及びLBPの高さを予測することが判明している。すなわち、上述のような推定は、被験者に対して腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が望ましいか否かを判定するために行うことができる。
・母集団の平均値(Mean)以下、好ましくは平均値から標準偏差(SD)を減じた値(Mean-1SD)以下
・母集団の中央値より低い、例えば40パーセンタイル値以下、30パーセンタイル値以下、20パーセンタイル値以下、10パーセンタイル値以下、5パーセンタイル値以下
・母集団において高いとはいえない、例えば80パーセンタイル値以下、70パーセンタイル値以下、60パーセンタイル値以下
本発明者らの検討により、被験者におけるCRP及びLBPのレベルには、腸内菌叢における特定の細菌の占有率とSPSの程度の有意な交互作用の影響が認められ、特定の細菌の占有率が低い場合、SPSの高さがCRP及びLBPの高さを予測することが判明している。すなわち、上述のような推定は、被験者に対して腸内菌叢の特定の細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が望ましいか否かを判定するために行うことができる。
・母集団の平均値(Mean)以下、好ましくは平均値から標準偏差(SD)を減じた値(Mean-1SD)以下
・母集団の中央値より低い、例えば40パーセンタイル値以下、30パーセンタイル値以下、20パーセンタイル値以下、10パーセンタイル値以下、5パーセンタイル値以下
・母集団において高いとはいえない、例えば80パーセンタイル値以下、70パーセンタイル値以下、60パーセンタイル値以下
上述したとおり、気質又は性格に基づく疾患等のリスク推定は、被験者に対して腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が望ましいか否かを判定するために行うことができ、介入の例として、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物を摂取させること、そのような組成物の摂取を提案することを挙げた。またリスク推定は、被験者に対して腸内菌叢における特定の細菌の占有率の維持又は増殖させるための介入が望ましいか否かを判定するために行うことができ、介入の例として、腸内菌叢における特定の細菌の占有率の維持又は増殖させるための組成物を摂取させること、そのような組成物の摂取を提案することを挙げた。本実施形態は、このような組成物や、腸内菌叢多様化剤又は腸内菌叢における特定の細菌の占有率の維持又は増殖させる機能を有する成分を含む、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための組成物に関する。
一態様では、組成物の有効成分は、腸内菌叢多様化剤である。腸内菌叢多様化剤とは、腸内菌叢の多様性を増加する作用、及び腸内菌叢の多様性が高い状態を維持する作用のいずれかを有する成分をいう。
・乳酸菌、ビフィズス菌、又はプロピオン酸菌
・ビタミン類、ω-3脂肪酸
・ポリフェノール及びポリフェノールオキシダーゼ
・オリゴ糖及び食物繊維
・N-アセチルグルコサミン
一態様では、有効成分は、ラクトバチラス属に属する乳酸菌であり得る。有効成分は、より特定すると、ラクトバチラス・ガセリOLL2716(FERM BP-6999)(最近、ラクトバチラス・パラガセリ(Lactobacillus paragasseri)に分類されなおした。)であり得る。これらの乳酸菌には、上部消化管内菌叢改善が知られている(国際公開WO2017/221799)。
一態様では、組成物の有効成分は、ビタミンB2類、ビタミンA、ビタミンC、ビタミンD、ビタミンE、ビタミンK、葉酸、β-カロテン、ビタミンB1、ナイアシン、ビタミンB5、ビタミンB6、ビオチン、ビタミンB12、ω-3脂肪酸、及びこれらのいずれかの組み合わせであり得る。これらの成分のいずれかの投与により、腸管内の微生物叢の多様性が増加することが知られている(特許文献6)。好ましい態様では、有効成分は下記である:
ビタミンB2(リボフラビン)、ビタミンB2-5-リン酸(フラビンモノヌクレオチド)、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ビタミンD、ビタミンA、ビタミンB2+ビタミンC、葉酸、ビタミンK1、DHA、DHA+EPA、EPA
一態様では、組成物の有効成分は、ポリフェノール及びポリフェノールオキシダーゼである。ポリフェノールとポリフェノールオキシダーゼを組み合わせることによって生成するポリフェノールキノン体が、腸内環境の変化、あるいは腸内細菌叢や宿主自身の状態変化を引き起こし、腸内細菌叢が改善されると考えられている(特許文献8)。
一態様では、有効成分は、オリゴ糖及び食物繊維から選ばれる3種以上の難消化性炭水化物であり得る。オリゴ糖及び食物繊維から選ばれる3種以上の難消化性炭水化物が、腸内菌叢多様性の向上のために有用であることが知られている(特開2020-178684)。オリゴ糖の例として、ラフィノース、スタキオース、ガラクトオリゴ糖、イソマルトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖、ラクチュロース、キシロオリゴ糖、アガロオリゴ糖、マンノオリゴ糖又はフラクトオリゴ糖が挙げられる。食物繊維の例として、イヌリン、ペクチン、ペクチン加工物、グアーガム、グアーガム分解物、サイリウムシードガム、カラヤガム、トラガントガム、アラビアガム、難消化性スターチ、難消化性デキストリン、イソマルトデキストリン、ポリデキストロース、セルロース、ヘミセルロース、大豆多糖類、β-グルカン、グルコマンナン、ガラクトマンナン、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒアルロン酸、レバン、リグニン、アルギン酸及びその塩、アガロース又はキトサンが挙げられる。
一態様では、組成物の有効成分(機能性関与成分ということもある。)は、腸内菌叢における特定の細菌の占有率の維持又は増加させる機能を有する成分である。特定の細菌とは、Marinifilaceae科に属する細菌、Butyricimonas属に属する細菌、Family XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌から選択されるいずれかである。
組成物は、食品組成物又は医薬組成物とすることができる。食品及び医薬品は、特に記載した場合を除き、ヒトのためのもののみならず、ヒト以外の動物のためのものを含む。食品は、特に記載した場合を除き、一般食品、機能性食品、栄養組成物を含み、また治療食(治療の目的を果たすもの。医師が食事箋を出し、それに従い栄養士等が作成した献立に基づいて調理されたもの。)、食事療法食、成分調整食、介護食、治療支援用食品を含む。食品は、特に記載した場合を除き、固形物のみならず、液状のもの、例えば飲料、ドリンク剤、流動食、及びスープを含む。機能性食品とは、生体に所定の機能性を付与できる食品をいい、例えば、特定保健用食品(条件付きトクホ[特定保健用食品]を含む)、機能性表示食品、栄養機能食品を含む保健機能食品、特別用途食品、栄養補助食品、健康補助食品、サプリメント(例えば、錠剤、被覆錠、糖衣錠、カプセル、液剤等の各種の剤型のもの)、美容食品(例えば、ダイエット食品)等の、健康食品の全般を包含している。また、本発明において「機能性食品」とは、コーデックス(FAO/WHO合同食品規格委員会)の食品規格に基づく健康強調表示(Health claim)が適用される健康食品を包含している。
組成物は、経口的に投与してもよく、非経口的に、例えば経管的(胃瘻、腸瘻)に投与してもよいし、経鼻的に投与してもよいが、経口的に投与することが好ましい。
組成物の投与量は、目的の効果が発揮される量であればよい。投与量は、対象の年齢、体重、症状等の種々の要因を考慮して、適宜設定することができる。
本組成物は、食品又は医薬品として許容可能な他の有効成分や栄養成分を含んでいてもよい。そのような成分の例は、脂質(例えば、乳脂肪、植物油脂、中鎖脂肪酸含有油脂)、たんぱく質(例えば、乳たんぱく質、乳たんぱく質濃縮物(MPC)、乳清たんぱく質濃縮物(WPC)、乳清たんぱく質単離物(WPI)、α-ラクトアルブミン(α-La)、β-ラクトグロブリン(β-Lg)、熱変性ホエイたんぱく質及び酵素処理ホエイたんぱく質)、アミノ酸類(例えば、リジン、アルギニン、グリシン、アラニン、グルタミン酸、ロイシン、イソロイシン、バリン)、糖質(グルコース、ショ糖、果糖、麦芽糖、トレハロース、エリスリトール、マルチトール、パラチノース、キシリトール、デキストリン)、電解質(例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム)等である。
食品組成物は、固体、液体、混合物、懸濁液、粉末、顆粒、ペースト、ゼリー、ゲル、カプセル等の任意の形態に調製されたものであってよい。また、本発明に係る食品組成物は、乳製品、サプリメント、菓子、飲料、ドリンク剤、調味料、加工食品、惣菜、スープ等の任意の形態にすることができる。より具体的には、組成物は、流動食、半流動食、ゼリー、ゲル、粉末、調製粉乳、調製液状乳、妊産婦・授乳婦用粉乳・液状乳、発酵乳、バー、ムース、チョコレート、ビスケット、アイスクリーム、発酵乳、乳酸菌飲料、乳性飲料、乳飲料、清涼飲料、タブレット、チーズ、パン、ビスケット、クラッカー、ピッツァクラスト、病者用食品、栄養食品、冷凍食品、加工食品等の形態とすることができ、また飲料や食品に混合して投与するための、顆粒、粉末、ペースト、濃厚液等の形態とすることができる。顆粒、粉末は、キューブ状、又はスティック状(1回分の量を分包したもの)とすることができる。本発明に関し、調製粉乳とは、「乳及び乳製品の成分規格等に関する省令(以下「乳等省令」と略する。)」で定義されているように、生乳、牛乳、特別牛乳若しくは生水牛乳又はこれらを原料として製造した食品を加工し、又は主要原料とし、これに乳幼児に必要な栄養素を加え粉末状にしたものをいう。本発明に関し、調製液状乳とは、乳等省令で定義されているように、生乳、牛乳、特別牛乳若しくは生水牛乳又はこれらを原料として製造した食品を加工し、又は主要原料とし、これに乳幼児に必要な栄養素を加え液状にしたものをいう。
組成物の製造において、有効成分の配合の段階は、適宜選択することができる。有効成分の特性を著しく損なわない限り配合の段階は特に制限されない。例えば、有効成分を原材料に混合して配合することができる。あるいは、有効成分を製造の最終段階で添加し、有効成分を含む組成物を製造することができる。
一態様では、被験者の気質又は性格情報に基づき、被験者のリスクを推定するリスク推定装置、及び被験者の気質又は性格情報に基づき、行動や商品の提案を行う、パーソナライズド提案システムが提供される。気質又は性格情報は、感覚処理感受性情報であってもよい。本発明、本実施形態、及び実施態様に関し、気質又は性格情報と記載されている箇所は、感覚処理感受性情報と読み替えることができる。
・被験者の、性別、及び年齢からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む属性情報;
・被験者の、身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、身体・健康状態に関する検査結果情報;
・被験者の、飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、生活習慣の調査結果情報;及び
・被験者の、自覚症状、ストレス、既往歴、業務歴、及び好みからなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、その他の調査結果情報
上記の各種の情報は、CRP、及び各種の疾患又は状態、例えば動脈硬化、高血圧、糖尿病、腎臓病、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、認知機能の低下、心血管疾患、抑うつ、うつ病、注意欠如・多動症(ADHD)、自閉スペクトラム症、統合失調症、双極性障害、てんかん、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、及び炎症性腸疾患(IBD)と関係しうる。
あるいは、提案情報構成手段16は、情報取得手段14から取得した気質又は性格情報を、被験者のリスクを推定する推定手段を経て、推定したリスク情報に基づいて、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成してもよい。すなわち、パーソナライズド提案装置1は、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクを推定する推定手段15をさらに含んでもよい。
提案情報構成手段16はまた、情報取得手段14から気質又は性格情報以外に各種の情報を取得した場合は、取得した気質又は性格情報とそれ以外の各種の情報とを総合して、所定のデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を総合的に構成することができる。ここでいうデータベースは、例えば、ヒトの気質又は性格及びそれ以外の各種の情報と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を総合的に示す、行動又は商品データベースである。
あるいは、提案情報構成手段16はまた、情報取得手段14から気質又は性格情報以外に各種の情報を取得した場合は、取得した気質又は性格情報とそれ以外の各種の情報とを総合して、所定のデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクをリスク推定手段により推定し、推定したリスク情報に基づいて、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成することができる。ここでいうデータベースは、例えば、ヒトの気質又は性格及びそれ以外の各種の情報と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示す、データベースである。
被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得ステップ、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を示す行動又は商品データベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、提案情報構成ステップ
被験者への所定の質問を提供する、質問提供ステップ、
質問に対する被験者の回答を取得する、回答取得ステップ、及び
回答に基づき、被験者の気質又は性格情報を算出する、算出ステップ。
<方法>
(1)HSP-J10による分析方法
試験デザイン:横断研究
対象者:20歳以上60歳未満の男女を対象に実施した腸内菌叢などの各種生体指標を測定した横断研究(試験番号MIJ20C1、試験実施期間:2019年11月~2021年3月)の被験者110名を本研究のリクルート対象とした。同意取得及び調査の回答が得られなかった20名を除いた90名が試験に参加し、糞便を採取できていない2名を除く88名を今回の解析対象者とした。
一晩の絶食後、静脈血を採取し、遠心により、血清を分離した。血清サンプルは測定まで-80℃で保存した。
血清高感度C反応性タンパク質(CRP)は、V-PLEX Vascular Injury Panel 2 Human Kit (Meso Scale Diagnostics, MD, U.S.)で測定した。
血清リポ多糖(LPS)結合タンパク質(LBP)は、LBP Human ELISA kit (Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands)で測定した。
糞便は、被験者自身が採取した。糞便サンプルは、0.1 mm Zirconia beads (EZ-Extract for DNA/RNA, AMR, Tokyo, Japan)により、FastPrep-24 5G (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA, U.S) を用いて均質化した。
5'-GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGGACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3'(SEQ ID NO: 2))
結果を下表に示す。
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-10
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、EOE
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、LST
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、AES
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、alpha多様性
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、alpha多様性、HSP-J10×alpha多様性
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、shannon
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、shannon、HSP-J10×shannon
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、faith_pd
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、faith_pd、HSP-J10×faith_pd
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、LST-J10、alpha多様性
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、LST-J10、alpha多様性、LST-J10×alpha多様性
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-10
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、EOE
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、LST
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、AES
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、alpha多様性
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、alpha多様性、HSP-J10×alpha多様性
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、shannon
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、shannon、HSP-J10×shannon
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、faith_pd
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、faith_pd、HSP-J10×faith_pd
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、LST-J10、alpha多様性
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、LST-J10、alpha多様性、LST-J10×alpha多様性
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、EOE-J10、alpha多様性
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、EOE-J10、alpha多様性、EOE-J10×alpha多様性
被験者の腸内菌叢の占有率と保有者率を下表に示す。
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Marinifilaceae科の占有率
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Marinifilaceae科の占有率、HSP-J10×Marinifilaceae科の占有率
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Marinifilaceae科の占有率
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Marinifilaceae科の占有率、HSP-J10×Marinifilaceae科の占有率
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Butyricimonas属の占有率
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Butyricimonas属の占有率、HSP-J10×Butyricimonas属の占有率
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Butyricimonas属の占有率
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Butyricimonas属の占有率、HSP-J10×Butyricimonas属の占有率
目的変数:CRP(対数変換)
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Family XIII AD3011 group属の占有率
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Family XIII AD3011 group属の占有率、HSP-J10×Family XIII AD3011 group属の占有率
目的変数:LBP
予測変数:
ステップ(1)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Family XIII AD3011 group属の占有率
ステップ(2)→性別、年齢、BMI、HSP-J10、Family XIII AD3011 group属の占有率、HSP-J10×Family XIII AD3011 group属の占有率
以上より、他の変数(性別、年齢、BMIなど)の影響を統制した場合、SPS及びその下位尺度のLST、EOEが高い人ほど、CRP(炎症指標)、LBP(腸管バリア脆弱性指標)も高くなること、腸内菌叢の多様性(α多様性)は、SPS及びその下位尺度のLST、EOEとCRP、LBPの関係を調整し、腸内菌叢の多様性が低い場合のみ、SPS、LST、EOEが高いほどCRP、LBPが高くなり、腸内菌叢の多様性が高い場合には、SPS、LST、EOEとCRP、LBPは関連しないことが示された。
(非特許文献13) Iimura et al., 2022, J Pers Assess, 105: 87-99.
(非特許文献14) Pearson TA, et al., 2003, Circulation. 107:499-511.
(非特許文献15) Hosford-Donovan A, et al., 2016, Maturitas., 89:52‐57.
(非特許文献16) Labonte ME et al., 2012, Int J Circumpolar Health., 71:1-9.
(非特許文献17) de Rekeneire N, et al., 2006, Diabetes Care., 29:1902‐1908.
(非特許文献18) Panickar KS, et al., 2015, Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig., 23:59‐70.
(非特許文献19) Costello-White R, et al.,.2015, Age., 37:9808.
(非特許文献20) Tegeler C et al., 2016, Neurobiol Aging., 38:112‐117.
(非特許文献21) Song IU, et al., 2015, Int J Med Sci., 12:613‐617.
(非特許文献22) Danesh J,et al., 2000, BMJ, 321: 199-204.
(非特許文献23) Ridker PM. et al., 2001, Circulation, 103: 1813-1818.
(非特許文献24) Ridker PM. et al., 2003, Circulation 107: 363-369.
(非特許文献25) Tracy RP, et al., 1997, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 17:1121-1127.
(非特許文献26) Cesari M,et al., 2003, Am J Cardiol., 92:522‐528.
(非特許文献27) Makita S, et al., 2005, Stroke., 36:2138‐2142.
(非特許文献28) Baysak, E.,et al., 2022, The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 23: 243-256.
(非特許文献29) Hod et al., 2011, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 23:1105-1110.
(非特許文献30) Schumann RR. et al., 2011, Biochem Soc Trans., 39:989-993.
(非特許文献31) Stehle, Jr, et al., 2012, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci., 67: 1212-1218.
(非特許文献32) 高橋, 2016, 感情心理学研究, 23: 68-77.
(非特許文献33) Chamberlain, et al., Br J Psychiatry. 2019 Jan; 214(1): 11-19.
(非特許文献34) Chang et al., Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:105-113.
(非特許文献35) Yin et al., Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:432-441.
(非特許文献36) Zhang et al.,Neurobiol Aging, . 2022 Jan;109:259-263.
(非特許文献37) Qiu et al., Front Neurol. 2019; 10: 384.
(非特許文献38) Fond et al., Front Psychiatry. 2018; 9: 392.
(非特許文献39) Ekinci,& Ekinci, (Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry 2020;23:414-422
(非特許文献40) Zhong et al.,Front Neurol. 2019; 10: 974.
(非特許文献41) Chen P, Zhou G, Lin J, Li L, Zeng Z, Chen M
(非特許文献42) Zhang S. et al., Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Apr 22;7:123.
SEQ ID NO: 1 PCR Forward Primer
SEQ ID NO: 2 PCR Forward Primer
2 端末装置
11 質問提供手段
12 回答取得手段
13 算出手段
14 情報取得手段
15 リスク推定手段
16 提案情報構成手段
Claims (20)
- 被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者の
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
のいずれかを推定する方法。 - 気質又は性格の分析が、環境感受性の分析である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 気質又は性格の分析が、感覚処理感受性(Sensory Processing Sensitivity; SPS)の分析である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 推定が、基準値に基づき行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基準値が、平均値、中央値、又は所定のパーセンタイルに位置する値に基づき定められた値である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 気質又は性格の分析が、SPSの分析であり、
基準値が、HSP(Highly Sensitive Person)尺度得点が4.4、LST(Low Sensory Threshold、低感覚閾)尺度得点が4.4、及びEOE(Ease of Excitation、易興奮性)尺度得点が4.2からなる群より選択されるいずれかである、請求項5に記載の方法。 - CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態が、動脈硬化、高血圧、糖尿病、腎臓病、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、認知機能の低下、心血管疾患、抑うつ、うつ病、注意欠如・多動症(ADHD)、自閉スペクトラム症、統合失調症、双極性障害、てんかん、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、及び炎症性腸疾患(IBD)からなる群より選択されるいずれかである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 推定が、被験者に対して
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が望ましいか否か、
腸内菌叢のマリニフィラ(Marinifilaceae科)に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が望ましいか否か、
腸内菌叢のブチリシモナス(Butyricimonas属)に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が好ましいか否か、及び
腸内菌叢のファミリー XIII AD3011 グループ(Family XIII AD3011 group)属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるための介入が望ましいか否か、
から選択されるいずれかを判定するために行われる、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 介入が、
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取を提案すること
腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物の摂取を提案すること、
腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物の摂取を提案すること、及び
腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物を摂取させること、又は腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させる組成物の摂取を提案すること、
から選択されるいずれかを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 被験者の感覚処理感受性情報の、
・被験者のCRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び
・被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスク
の少なくとも一方の指標としての使用。 - 腸内菌叢の多様性が低い被験者における、気質又は性格の、CRPレベル、及びリポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)のレベルのいずれかの指標としての使用。
- 腸内菌叢多様化剤を含む、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態、及び腸管バリアの脆弱性のいずれかの処置のための、組成物。
- 被験者の気質又は性格を分析し、分析結果に基づき、被験者に対して下記のいずれかを行う、方法:
・C反応性タンパク質(CRP)のレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクに関する情報の提供、
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善することの提案、及び
・腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入。 - 腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善すること、及び腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための介入が、腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は改善するための組成物の摂取である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得手段、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクを推定するリスク推定手段
を備える、リスク推定装置。 - 被験者の気質又は性格情報を取得する、情報取得手段、
取得した気質又は性格情報に基づき、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成するが、このとき行動又は商品は、
腸内菌叢の多様性を維持又は向上させるもの、
腸内菌叢のMarinifilaceae科に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるもの、
腸内菌叢のButyricimonas属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるもの、及び
腸内菌叢のFamily XIII AD3011 group属に属する細菌の占有率を維持又は増加させるもの、
から選択されるいずれかである、提案情報構成手段
を備える、パーソナライズド提案装置。 - リスク推定手段を含み、
提案情報構成手段が、
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、提案すべき行動又は商品の関係を示す行動又は商品データベースに照らし合わせ、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成するか、又は
取得した気質又は性格情報を、ヒトの気質又は性格と、CRPのレベルに関連する疾患又は状態のリスク、及び被験者の腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクの少なくとも一方と、の関係を示すデータベースに照らし合わせ、被験者のリスクをリスク推定手段により推定し、推定したリスク情報に基づいて、被験者に提案するための行動又は商品情報を構成する、請求項16に記載の装置。 - 下記をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の装置:
被験者への所定の質問を提供する、質問提供手段、
質問に対する被験者からの回答を取得する、回答取得手段、及び
回答に基づき、被験者の気質又は性格情報を算出する、算出手段。 - 情報取得手段が、下記からなる群より選択されるいずれかの情報をさらに取得する、請求項16に記載の装置:
・被験者の、性別、及び年齢からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む属性情報;
・被験者の、身長、体重、ボディマス指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、肥満度、体脂肪、腹囲、血圧、脂質、肝・膵臓機能、代謝系、血液、尿、腎機能、及び大腸等からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、身体・健康状態に関する検査結果情報;
・被験者の、飲酒習慣、喫煙習慣、喫煙歴、運動習慣、及び睡眠時間からなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、生活習慣の調査結果情報;及び
・被験者の、自覚症状、ストレス、既往歴、業務歴、及び好みからなる群より選択されるいずれかを含む、その他の調査結果情報。 - 構成された提案情報が、通信手段を介して接続された端末に表示されるものである、請求項15から19のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025506917A JPWO2024190849A1 (ja) | 2023-03-15 | 2024-03-14 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023040956 | 2023-03-15 | ||
| JP2023-040956 | 2023-03-15 | ||
| JP2023204275 | 2023-12-01 | ||
| JP2023-204275 | 2023-12-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024190849A1 true WO2024190849A1 (ja) | 2024-09-19 |
Family
ID=92755266
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2024/009907 Ceased WO2024190849A1 (ja) | 2023-03-15 | 2024-03-14 | 炎症関連疾患又は状態のリスク及び腸管バリアの脆弱性リスクを推定する方法、及びその利用 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPWO2024190849A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024190849A1 (ja) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023275975A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-01-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | 認知機能推定装置、認知機能推定方法及び記憶媒体 |
-
2024
- 2024-03-14 JP JP2025506917A patent/JPWO2024190849A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-03-14 WO PCT/JP2024/009907 patent/WO2024190849A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023275975A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-01-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | 認知機能推定装置、認知機能推定方法及び記憶媒体 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JOHNSON, V.-A. KATERINA: " Gut microbiome composition and diversity are related to human personality traits", HUMAN MICROBIOME JOURNAL, vol. 15, 21 December 2019 (2019-12-21), pages 1 - 32, XP093210458 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2024190849A1 (ja) | 2024-09-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Markowiak et al. | Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health | |
| Granato et al. | Probiotic dairy products as functional foods | |
| KR102794442B1 (ko) | 신규한 프로바이오틱스 비피도박테리움 균주 | |
| Sarıtaş et al. | Functional yogurt: Types and health benefits | |
| CN111935995A (zh) | 营养组合物以及使用了该营养组合物的饮食品组合物和配方奶粉 | |
| US20250205261A1 (en) | Composition for controlling growth of bacteria in the intestinal tract and use thereof | |
| Dronkers et al. | The ascent of the blessed: Regulatory issues on health effects and health claims for probiotics in Europe and the rest of the world | |
| Reshetnik et al. | Healthy food products with probiotic and prebiotic properties | |
| HUE027285T2 (en) | Lactobacillus fermentum cect 7472 with probiotic properties | |
| WO2011099875A1 (en) | Use of lactic acid bacteria to treat or prevent rhinitis | |
| WO2025005238A1 (ja) | Fusobacterium属菌の制御用組成物及びその利用 | |
| Akkuş | Developing spreadable peanut butters incorporated with the encapsulated potential psychobiotic Lactococcus lactis C19. 1 strain | |
| AU2016100501A4 (en) | Probiotic compositions for weight management | |
| Szajnar et al. | Fermented Milk Supplemented with Sodium Butyrate and Inulin: Physicochemical Characterization and Probiotic Viability Under In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion | |
| CN118900639A (zh) | 柯林斯菌属细菌的增殖控制用组合物及其应用 | |
| JP2023014246A (ja) | 認知機能改善剤、認知機能維持剤、海馬機能改善剤及び海馬機能維持剤 | |
| Caetano-Silva et al. | Whey protein-carboxymethylcellulose obtained by complex coacervation as an ingredient in probiotic fermented milk | |
| JP6785141B2 (ja) | 基礎代謝亢進剤 | |
| Wojciechowska-Alwin et al. | Influence of natural dairy probiotics on health | |
| WO2025116013A1 (ja) | 酪酸菌増殖制御用組成物 | |
| EP3019037B1 (en) | An oral composition comprising l. rhamnosus gg for use in the prevention and/or treatment of herpes labialis | |
| WO2025116014A1 (ja) | Subdoligranulum属細菌増殖制御用組成物 | |
| JP7738395B2 (ja) | 乳酸菌又はその培養物を含む豆乳発酵物 | |
| WO2025116015A1 (ja) | Fusicatenibacter属細菌増殖制御用組成物 | |
| WO2025018275A1 (ja) | ラクトコッカス属乳酸菌及びその発酵物を含む組成物 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 24770952 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2025506917 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2025506917 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 24770952 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |