WO2024173667A1 - Enhanced downlink control information field size determination for partial coherent codebook with eight ports in wireless communications - Google Patents

Enhanced downlink control information field size determination for partial coherent codebook with eight ports in wireless communications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024173667A1
WO2024173667A1 PCT/US2024/015967 US2024015967W WO2024173667A1 WO 2024173667 A1 WO2024173667 A1 WO 2024173667A1 US 2024015967 W US2024015967 W US 2024015967W WO 2024173667 A1 WO2024173667 A1 WO 2024173667A1
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port
precoder
layer
coherent
precoding matrix
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PCT/US2024/015967
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French (fr)
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Guotong Wang
Bishwarup Mondal
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Intel Corporation
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Publication of WO2024173667A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024173667A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a wireless network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating components, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of artificial (AI)-assisted communication between a user equipment and a radio access network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, algorithm, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments.
  • Wireless devices may operate as defined by technical standards.
  • 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Program
  • 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Program
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • 3GPP technical standard 38.211 defines precoders (e.g., transcoder precoding matrix indicators – TPMIs) for PUSCH transmissions depending on a rank value (e.g., number of layers), number of antenna ports, and waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM (cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) or DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)) as shown in Tables 1-7 below.
  • precoders e.g., transcoder precoding matrix indicators – TPMIs
  • rank value e.g., number of layers
  • number of antenna ports e.g., number of antenna ports
  • waveform e.g., CP-OFDM (cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) or DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)
  • Table 1 Precoding Matrix ⁇ for single-layer transmission using two antenna ports (TPMIs for Rank-1 with two antenna ports): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index)
  • Table 2 Precoding Matrix ⁇ for two-layer transmission using two antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-2 with two antenna ports(CP- OFDM)): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in ⁇ Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365)
  • Table 3 Precoding Matrix ⁇ for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding enabled (TPMIs for Rank-1 with four antenna ports (DFT-s-OFDM)): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • Table 4 Precoding Matrix ⁇ for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-1 with four antenna ports (CP-OFDM): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • Table 5 Precoding Matrix ⁇ for two-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-2 with four antenna ports (CP- OFDM): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index ⁇
  • Table 6 Precoding Matrix ⁇ for three-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-3 with four antenna ports (CP-OFDM): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index 1 ⁇ 1 g y g p s with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-4 with four antenna ports (CP- OFDM): TPMI ⁇ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) 1 1 ⁇
  • the TPMIs for the precoders may be categorized as full coherent TPMIs (), partial coherent TPMIs, and non-coherent TPMIs. Table 8 below shows the non-coherent, partial coherent, and full coherent TPMIs for 4-port and 2-port:
  • Table 8 Non-coherent, partial coherent and full coherent precoding matrix: Rank-1: TPMI ⁇ 0 ⁇ 3 ⁇ as shown in Table 3and Table 4 Non-coherent d d n t e own n contro n ormat on ( ) sc e u ng (e.g., ormat 0_1/0_2), the TPMI may be indicated via the “Precoding information and number of layers” field which can indicate the rank and precoder used for PUSCH transmission, i.e., the rank indicator and precoder indicator are jointly encoded. In 3GPP Rel-18, up to eight layers will be supported for PUSCH transmission.
  • the 8- port partial coherent precoder may be based on the Rel-152Tx/4Tx precoding matrix.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (Equation 1)
  • ⁇ means Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365)
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1
  • ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 4-port precoders with rank- ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from ⁇ $ 1 0 % ⁇ , $ 0 1 % ⁇ , then the 8-port precoder ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would be ( ⁇ ) 0% ⁇ or $0 ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) % ⁇ .
  • ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1, and ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoder with rank- ⁇ .
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from ⁇ $ 1 1 % ⁇ , $ 1 ⁇ 1 % ⁇ , $ 1 ⁇ % ⁇ , $ 1 ⁇ % ⁇ ⁇ , then the 8-port precoder ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would be $ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) & ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ )% ⁇ , where & could be ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be generated according to Equation (2).
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) are 2-port precoder with Rank-1.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) $ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) % (Equation 2) where ⁇
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full with rank- ⁇ 1 and rank- ⁇ 2, respectively.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be $ 1 0 % ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be $ 0 1 % ⁇ .
  • the 8-port precoder ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would be ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) 0 ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoder with rank- ⁇ 1 and rank- ⁇ 2, respectively.
  • Equation (1) When generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with two antenna groups for rank- ⁇ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ⁇ using Equation (2), all the rank combinations between X1 and X2 are used. In another option, a subset of rank combinations between X1 and X2 is used. Table 9 below shows an example of the possible rank combinations for generating 8- port partial coherent precoders with two antenna groups.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), and ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be signaled to the UE via DCI.
  • DCI format that schedules PUSCH transmission two TPMI fields could be included, each field indicates one 4-port precoder.
  • the first TPMI field indicate ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ )
  • the second TPMI field indicate ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
  • the 4-port precoder indicated by the first TPMI field could be applied to the first antenna group
  • the 4-port precoder indicated by the second TPMI field could be applied to the second antenna Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) group, i.e., the first TPMI field corresponds to the first antenna group and the second TPMI field corresponds to the second antenna group.
  • the indication could be via newly added DCI field(s) or some existing DCI field(s) could be reused/repurposed. For example, it could be a field of 1-bit or it could be a bitmap of 2-bits. In another option, the indication could be via some specific value(s)/code point(s) of the corresponding TPMI field(s).
  • the specific value/code point of the TPMI field is indicated, then it means the corresponding TPMI field is not used for the 8-port precoder generation. For example, if the number of precoders is 6 (using code point #0 ⁇ #5), when the 6 th code point is indicated, it means this TPMI field is not used for the 8-port precoder generation; otherwise, the TPMI field is used for the 8-port precoder generation.
  • another field(s) could be used to indicate ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • the field(s) could be newly added or could reuse/repurpose some existing DCI field(s).
  • the value of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ )) could be pre-defined (for example, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is $1 0% ⁇ and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is $0 1% ⁇ ), or could be configured by RRC/MAC-CE. In this case, there is no need to indicate ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ) in DCI.
  • a new field could be added (or existing field is reused/repurposed) to indicate the value of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) , wherein it could also serve as the indication of antenna port group selection/TPMI field selection.
  • the value of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be ⁇ $ 1 0 % ⁇ , $ 0 1 % ⁇ ⁇ , then the field could be one bit or it could be a bitmap of two bits.
  • the value of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be implicitly indicated by the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection via specific value(s)/code point(s) of the TPMI field(s).
  • the first TPMI field For example, if the first TPMI field is selected, then it means the value of $ 1 0 % ⁇ is used. If the second TPMI field is selected, then it means the value of $ 0 1 % ⁇ is used. In one example, only one TPMI field is used to indicate the 4-port precoder to construct the 8-port precoder, e.g., the first TPMI field (the second TPMI field could be optionally absent).
  • both TPMI fields could be used to indicate the 4-port precoder, e.g., when $ 1 0 % ⁇ is indicated, then the first TPMI field is used 8-port precoder construction, and when $0 1% ⁇ is indicated, then the second TPMI field is used for 8-port precoder construction.
  • new field(s) could be added (or existing field is reused/repurposed) to indicate the value of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or to indicate the value of &).
  • the field(s) for indication of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) , and the field(s) for indication of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) , and the fields for TPMI field selection (or antenna group selection) should be configured to be always present.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), and ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be signaled to the UE via DCI.
  • TPMI fields In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, one TPMI field indicates 2-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ) and the other TPMI field indicates 4-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • each TPMI field indicate 4-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) , ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • Another one or two field(s) could be used to indicator 2-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • Joint encoding of rank indication and precoder indication In an embodiment, for indication of 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix, joint encoding of rank indication and precoder indication could be applied. Precoders of different rank could be indicated by the TPMI field(s). The following notations are assumed: maxRank: the maximum number of layers in total (the maximum number of layers across both antenna groups), which could be configured by RRC.
  • the maximum number of layers each antenna group), R could be pre-deter . /0,1 mined considering the across antenna groups to be used, for example, as shown in Error! Reference source not found..
  • the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), R ./0,1 could be configured by RRC.
  • R ./0,1 could be smaller than or equal to maxRank.
  • Case A In an embodiment, for rank R ⁇ ⁇ 1,2,3,4 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank R ⁇ ⁇ 5,6,7,8 ⁇ , the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2).
  • the first TPMI field is configured and the second TPMI field is not present.
  • maxRank>4 both TPMI fields are present in the DCI.
  • both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank.
  • Table 10 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9.
  • both TPMI field size are determined according to the value of maxRank (or the second TPMI field is not present). If maxRank>4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group) and the possible rank combinations. In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group).
  • Case B In an embodiment, for rank T ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 2,3,4 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Equation (1) and Equation (2). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 5,6,7,8 ⁇ , the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field.
  • one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection.
  • both TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group) and the possible rank combinations. In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group).
  • Case C In an embodiment, for rank T ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ⁇ , the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2).
  • both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank.
  • Table 12 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9.
  • the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection.
  • the length of the rank indication field could ⁇ MNO ⁇ (abcTbde) ⁇ .
  • the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T ⁇ ,UV ⁇ ,W , and the minimum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T ⁇ ,UWX,W could be pre-determined considering the rank combinations across antenna groups to be used, for example, as shown in Error! Reference source not found..
  • the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T ⁇ ,UV ⁇ ,W , and the minimum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T ⁇ ,UWX,W could be configured by RRC.
  • T ⁇ ,UV ⁇ ,W could be smaller than or equal to maxRank.
  • the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T UV ⁇ ,W , and the minimum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) antenna group), T UWX,W could be configured by RRC.
  • T UV ⁇ ,W could be smaller than or equal to maxRank.
  • Case D In an embodiment, for rank T ⁇ ⁇ 1,2,3,4 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 5,6,7,8 ⁇ , the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2).
  • the first option separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • maxRank>4 both TPMI fields are present in the DCI.
  • Table 13 and Table 14 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9.
  • one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection.
  • both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present.
  • both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value.
  • the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group).
  • Case E In an embodiment, for rank T ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 2,3,4 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1) and Equation (2). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 5,6,7,8 ⁇ , the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection.
  • the possible rank combinations and the number of 4-port precoders to construct 8-port precoder with rank less than or equal to maxRank (or the second TPMI field is not present).
  • both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present.
  • both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value.
  • the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group).
  • Case F In an embodiment, for rank T ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ , the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ⁇ ⁇ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ⁇ , the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2).
  • the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection.
  • both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present.
  • both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value.
  • the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1,2,3,4 ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ), could be generated according to Equation (3).
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (Equation 3)
  • ⁇ means Kronecker product operation.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1, and ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank- ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from ⁇ $ 1 0 % ⁇ , $ 0 1 % ⁇ ⁇ , then the 8-port precoder ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would be $ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) 0% ⁇ or $0 ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) % ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1
  • ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non- coherent 4-port precoder with rank- ⁇ .
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from ⁇ $ 1 1 % ⁇ , $ 1 ⁇ 1 % ⁇ , $1 ⁇ % ⁇ , $1 ⁇ % ⁇ , then the 8-port precoder ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would be $ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) & ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ )% ⁇ , where & could be ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be generated according to Equation (4).
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) are 2-port precoder with Rank-1.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) $ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) % (Equation 4)
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank- ⁇ 1 and rank- ⁇ 2, respectively.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be $ 1 0 % ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be $ 0 1 % ⁇ . Then the 8-port precoder ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) 0 ⁇ .
  • AF1976-PCT 31517-3365
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 4-port precoder with rank- ⁇ 1 and rank- ⁇ 2, respectively.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be $1 &% ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be $1 ⁇ &% ⁇ , where & could be ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the 8-port precoder ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) would be ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) & ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ & ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ .
  • two TPMI fields could be included, one ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ) and the other TPMI field indicates 4-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • each TPMI field indicate 4-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) , ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • Another one or two field(s) could be used to indicator 2-port precoder ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ).
  • the value of ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (or ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ) could be pre- defined (for example, ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is $ 1 0 % ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is $ 0 1 % ⁇ ), or could be configured by RRC/MAC-CE.
  • Equation (3) when generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups for rank- ⁇ 2, 3, 4 ⁇ , both equation (3) and Equation (4) can be used. Alternatively, either Equation (3) or Equation (4) is used. When generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups for rank- ⁇ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ⁇ using Equation (4), all the rank combinations between X1 and X2 are used. In another option, a subset of rank combinations between X1 and X2 is used.
  • the partial coherent codebook with 8 ports could be generated using 4Tx and/or 2Tx precoding matrix.
  • the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1,2,3,4 ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) could be generated according to Equation (5).
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (size of 2 ⁇ 1) is a 2-port precoder with Rank-1
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ,! ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (Equation 5) where ⁇ means Kronecker product operation.
  • ⁇ means Kronecker product operation.
  • AF1976-PCT 31517-3365
  • ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 4-port precoder with rank-u
  • v p,wrs,t(p) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2-port with rank-1.
  • ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank-u
  • v p,wrs,t(p) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1.
  • rs,t(u) could be generated according to Equation (6).
  • ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) size of q ⁇ up
  • ⁇ w,qrs,t(uw) size of q ⁇ uw
  • u up + uw
  • up and uw are non- zero positive integers
  • v p,wrs,t(p) and v w,wrs,t(p) are 2-port precoder with Rank-1.
  • rs,t(u) $ ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) ⁇ v p,wrs,t(p) ⁇ w,qrs,t(uw) ⁇ v w,wrs,t(p) % (Equation 6)
  • ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) and ⁇ w,qrs,t(uw) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent and rank-uw, respectively.
  • v p,wrs,t(up) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2-port precoder with rank-1.
  • ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) and ⁇ w,qrs,t(uw) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank-up and rank-uw, respectively.
  • vp,wrs,t(p) and vw,wrs,t(p) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1.
  • TPMI fields In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, one TPMI field indicates 2-port precoder (v p,wrs,t(p) ) and the other TPMI field indicates 4-port precoder ( ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) ).
  • each TPMI field indicate 4-port precoder ( ⁇ p,qrs,t(up) , ⁇ w,qrs,t(uw) ). Another one or two field(s) could be used to indicator 2-port (p) ).
  • v p,wrs,t(p) (or v p,wrs,t(p) and v w,wrs,t(p) ) could be pre- defined (for example, v p,wrs,t(p) is $ p p % r and v w,wrs,t(p) is $ p ⁇ p % r ), or could be configured by RRC/MAC-CE. In this case, there is no need to indicate vp,wrs,t(p) (or vp,wrs,t(p) and vw,wrs,t(p)) in DCI.
  • the partial coherent codebook with 8 ports could be generated using 4Tx and/or 2Tx precoding matrix.
  • rs,t(u) could be generated according to Equation (7).
  • ⁇ p,qrs,t(p), ⁇ w,qrs,t(p), ⁇ x,qrs,t(p), and ⁇ q,qrs,t(p) are 4-port non-coherent precoder with rank-1.
  • four fields could be included, to indicate the 2-port precoder (v p,wrs,t(up) , v w,wrs,t(uw) , v x,wrs,t(ux) , v q,wrs,t(uq) ).
  • Another four fields could be used to indicator 4-port precoder ( ⁇ p,qrs,t(p) , ⁇ w,qrs,t(p) , ⁇ x,qrs,t(p) , and ⁇ q,qrs,t(p) ).
  • the field indicating 2-port indicator could correspond to one antenna group and the indicated 2-port precoder is applied to the antenna group.
  • Another field (new field or reusing/repurposing existing field) could be used to indicate which antenna group(s) are selected to be used, for example, it could be a bitmap.
  • some specific value or code point of the DCI field indicating the 2-port precoder could be used to indicate whether the antenna group/DCI field is used for 8-port precoder construction.
  • the 2-port precoder (v p,wrs,t(up) , v w,wrs,t(uw) , v x,wrs,t(ux) , v q,wrs,t(uq) ).
  • the field indicating 2- port precoder could correspond to one antenna group and the indicated 2-port precoder is applied to the antenna group.
  • Another field (new field or reusing/repurposing existing field) could be used to indicate which antenna group(s) are selected to be used, for example, it could be a bitmap.
  • some specific value or code point of the DCI field indicating the 2- port precoder could be used to indicate whether the antenna group/DCI field is used for 8-port precoder construction.
  • all the rank combinations among X1, X2, X3 and X4 are used.
  • a subset of rank combinations among X1, X2, X3 and X4 are used.
  • Wireless network 100 may include one or more UEs 120 and one or more RANs 102 (e.g., gNBs), which may communicate in accordance with 3GPP communication standards.
  • the UE(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g., not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.
  • the UEs 120 and the RANs 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of FIGs.3-6.
  • One or more illustrative UE(s) 120 and/or RAN(s) 102 may be operable by one or more Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) user(s) 110.
  • a UE may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable UE, a quality-of-service (QoS) UE, a dependent UE, and a hidden UE.
  • the UE(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or RAN(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static device.
  • UE(s) 120 may include, a software enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • IP Internet protocol
  • ID Bluetooth identifier
  • NFC near-field communication
  • An IoT device may have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like.
  • a passive communication interface such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • NFC tag or the like
  • active communication interface such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like.
  • An IoT device Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) can have a particular set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light- emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet.
  • a device state or status such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light- emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC
  • IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communications interface for communicating with the IoT network.
  • IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc.
  • the IoT network may be comprised of a combination of “legacy” Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).
  • Any of the UE(s) 120 e.g., UEs 124, 126, 128), and UE(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • the UE(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other with or without the RAN(s) 102.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks. Further, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, cellular networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the UE(s) 120 e.g., UE 124, 126, 128) and RAN(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126 and 128), and RAN(s) 102.
  • suitable Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) communications antennas include cellular antennas, 3GPP family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi-omnidirectional antennas, or the like.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the UEs 120 and/or RAN(s) 102.
  • a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the UEs 120 and/or RAN(s) 102.
  • Any of the UE(s) 120 e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network.
  • Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like).
  • Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions.
  • Any of the UE(s) 120 e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors.
  • Any of the UE(s) 120 e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.
  • MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming.
  • UE 120 and/or RAN(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.
  • Any of the UE 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the UE(s) 120 and RAN(s) 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more 3GPP protocols and using 3GPP bandwidths.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-to-digital
  • one or more of the UEs 120 may exchange frames 140 with the RANs 102.
  • the frames 140 may include UL and DL Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) frames, including PUSCH transmissions, signaling to configure PUSCH transmissions, and the like as described throughout the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 200 for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a device e.g., the gNB 316 of FIG.3
  • the device may generate a TPMI index for a precoding of a PUSCH transmission using eight ports.
  • the device may provide signaling (e.g., using DCI or other signaling), including the TPMI index, to a UE device for the UE device to use in precoding the PUSCH transmission.
  • signaling e.g., using DCI or other signaling
  • the device may identify the PUSCH transmission received from the UE device.
  • the PUSCH transmission may be precoded based on the TPMI index provided to the UE device.
  • FIG.3 illustrates a network 300 in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the network 300 may operate in a manner consistent with 3GPP technical specifications for LTE or 5G/NR systems. However, the example embodiments are not limited in this regard and the described embodiments may apply to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems, or the like.
  • the network 300 may include a UE 302, which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN 304 via an over-the-air connection.
  • the UE 302 may be communicatively coupled with the RAN 304 by a Uu interface.
  • the UE 302 may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc.
  • the network 300 may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface.
  • the UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc.
  • the UE 302 may additionally communicate with an AP 306 via an over-the-air connection.
  • the AP 306 may manage a WLAN connection, which may serve to offload some/all network traffic from the RAN 304.
  • the connection between the UE 302 and the AP 306 may be consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 306 could be a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router.
  • Wi-Fi® wireless fidelity
  • the UE 302, RAN 304, and AP 306 may utilize cellular-WLAN aggregation (for example, LWA/LWIP).
  • Cellular-WLAN aggregation may involve the UE 302 being configured by the RAN 304 to utilize both cellular radio resources and WLAN resources.
  • the RAN 304 may include one or more access nodes, for example, AN 308.
  • AN 308 may terminate air-interface protocols for the UE 302 by providing access stratum protocols including RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and L1 protocols. In this manner, the AN 308 may enable data/voice connectivity between CN 320 and the UE 302.
  • the AN 308 may be implemented in a discrete device or as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of, for example, a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN or virtual baseband unit pool.
  • the AN 308 be referred to as a BS, gNB, RAN node, eNB, ng- eNB, NodeB, RSU, TRxP, TRP, etc.
  • the AN 308 may be a macrocell base station or a low power base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells.
  • the RAN 304 may be coupled with one another via an X2 interface (if the RAN 304 is an LTE RAN) or an Xn interface (if the RAN 304 is a 5G RAN).
  • the X2/Xn interfaces which may be separated into control/user plane interfaces in some embodiments, may allow the ANs to communicate information related to handovers, data/context transfers, mobility, load management, interference coordination, etc.
  • the ANs of the RAN 304 may each manage one or more cells, cell groups, component carriers, etc. to provide the UE 302 with an air interface for network access.
  • the UE 302 may be simultaneously connected with a plurality of cells provided by the same or different ANs of the RAN 304.
  • the UE 302 and RAN 304 may use carrier aggregation to allow the UE 302 to connect with a plurality of component carriers, each corresponding to a Pcell or Scell.
  • a first AN may be a master node that provides an MCG and a second AN may be secondary node that provides an SCG.
  • the first/second ANs may be any combination of eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, etc.
  • the RAN 304 may provide the air interface over a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) spectrum.
  • the nodes may use LAA, eLAA, and/or feLAA mechanisms based on CA technology with PCells/Scells. Prior to accessing the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may perform medium/carrier-sensing operations based on, for example, a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • the UE 302 or AN 308 may be or act as a RSU, which may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications.
  • An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable AN or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE.
  • An RSU implemented in or by: a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU”; an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU”; a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU”; and the like.
  • an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located on a roadside that provides connectivity support to passing vehicle UEs.
  • the RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry to store intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, as well as applications/software to sense and control ongoing vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
  • the RSU may provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as crash avoidance, traffic warnings, and the like.
  • the RSU may provide other cellular/WLAN communications services.
  • the components of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) to a traffic signal controller or a backhaul network.
  • the RAN 304 may be an LTE RAN 310 with eNBs, for example, eNB 312.
  • the LTE RAN 310 may provide an LTE air interface with the following characteristics: SCS of 15 kHz; CP-OFDM waveform for DL and SC-FDMA waveform for UL; turbo codes for data and TBCC for control; etc.
  • the LTE air interface may rely on CSI- RS for CSI acquisition and beam management; PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH/PDCCH demodulation; and CRS for cell search and initial acquisition, channel quality measurements, and channel estimation for coherent demodulation/detection at the UE.
  • the LTE air interface may operating on sub-6 GHz bands.
  • the RAN 304 may be an NG-RAN 314 with gNBs, for example, gNB 316, or ng-eNBs, for example, ng-eNB 318.
  • the gNB 316 may connect with 5G-enabled UEs using a 5G NR interface.
  • the gNB 316 may connect with a 5G core through an NG interface, which may include an N2 interface or an N3 interface.
  • the ng-eNB 318 may also connect with the 5G core through an NG interface, but may connect with a UE via an LTE air interface.
  • the gNB 316 and the ng-eNB 318 may connect with each other over an Xn interface.
  • the NG interface may be split into two parts, an NG user plane Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the nodes of the NG-RAN 314 and a UPF 348 (e.g., N3 interface), and an NG control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the nodes of the NG-RAN 314 and an AMF 344 (e.g., N2 interface).
  • NG-U NG user plane Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365)
  • UPF 348 e.g., N3 interface
  • NG-C NG control plane
  • the NG-RAN 314 may provide a 5G-NR air interface with the following characteristics: variable SCS; CP-OFDM for DL, CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL; polar, repetition, simplex, and Reed-Muller codes for control and LDPC for data.
  • the 5G-NR air interface may rely on CSI-RS, PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS similar to the LTE air interface.
  • the 5G-NR air interface may not use a CRS, but may use PBCH DMRS for PBCH demodulation; PTRS for phase tracking for PDSCH; and tracking reference signal for time tracking.
  • the 5G- NR air interface may operating on FR1 bands that include sub-6 GHz bands or FR2 bands that include bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz.
  • the 5G-NR air interface may include an SSB that is an area of a downlink resource grid that includes PSS/SSS/PBCH.
  • the 5G-NR air interface may utilize BWPs for various purposes.
  • BWP can be used for dynamic adaptation of the SCS.
  • the UE 302 can be configured with multiple BWPs where each BWP configuration has a different SCS. When a BWP change is indicated to the UE 302, the SCS of the transmission is changed as well. Another use case example of BWP is related to power saving.
  • multiple BWPs can be configured for the UE 302 with different amount of frequency resources (for example, PRBs) to support data transmission under different traffic loading scenarios.
  • a BWP containing a smaller number of PRBs can be used for data transmission with small traffic load while allowing power saving at the UE 302 and in some cases at the gNB 316.
  • a BWP containing a larger number of PRBs can be used for scenarios with higher traffic load.
  • the RAN 304 is communicatively coupled to CN 320 that includes network elements to provide various functions to support data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (for example, users of UE 302).
  • the components of the CN 320 may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes.
  • NFV may be utilized to virtualize any or all of the functions provided by the network elements of the CN 320 onto physical compute/storage resources in servers, switches, etc.
  • a logical instantiation of the CN 320 may be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN 320 may be referred to as a network sub-slice.
  • the CN 320 may be an LTE CN 322, which may also be referred to as an EPC.
  • the LTE CN 322 may include MME 324, SGW 326, SGSN 328, HSS 330, PGW 332, and PCRF 334 coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown.
  • the MME 324 may implement mobility management functions to track a current location of the UE 302 to facilitate paging, bearer activation/deactivation, handovers, gateway selection, authentication, etc.
  • the SGW 326 may terminate an S1 interface toward the RAN and route data packets between the RAN and the LTE CN 322.
  • the SGW 326 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement.
  • the SGSN 328 may track a location of the UE 302 and perform security functions and access control. In addition, the SGSN 328 may perform inter-EPC node signaling for mobility between different RAT networks; PDN and S-GW selection as specified by MME 324; MME selection for handovers; etc.
  • the S3 reference point between the MME 324 and the SGSN 328 may enable user and bearer information exchange for inter-3GPP access network mobility in idle/active states.
  • the HSS 330 may include a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities’ handling of communication sessions.
  • the HSS 330 can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc.
  • An S6a reference point between the HSS 330 and the MME 324 may enable transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the LTE CN 320.
  • the PGW 332 may terminate an SGi interface toward a data network (DN) 336 that may include an application/content server 338.
  • the PGW 332 may route data packets between the LTE CN 322 and the data network 336.
  • the PGW 332 may be coupled with the SGW 326 by an S5 reference point to facilitate user plane tunneling and tunnel management.
  • the PGW 332 may further include a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection (for example, PCEF).
  • the SGi reference point between the PGW 332 and the data network 336 may be an operator external public, a private PDN, or an intra-operator packet data network, for example, for provision of IMS services.
  • the PGW 332 may be coupled with a PCRF 334 via a Gx reference point.
  • the PCRF 334 is the policy and charging control element of the LTE CN 322.
  • the PCRF 334 may be communicatively coupled to the app/content server 338 to determine appropriate QoS and charging parameters for service flows.
  • the PCRF 332 may provision associated rules into a PCEF (via Gx reference point) with appropriate TFT and QCI.
  • the CN 320 may be a 5GC 340.
  • the 5GC 340 may include an AUSF 342, AMF 344, SMF 346, UPF 348, NSSF 350, NEF 352, NRF 354, PCF 356, UDM Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) 358, and AF 360 coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown.
  • Functions of the elements of the 5GC 340 may be briefly introduced as follows.
  • the AUSF 342 may store data for authentication of UE 302 and handle authentication- related functionality.
  • the AUSF 342 may facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types.
  • the AUSF 342 may exhibit an Nausf service-based interface.
  • the AMF 344 may allow other functions of the 5GC 340 to communicate with the UE 302 and the RAN 304 and to subscribe to notifications about mobility events with respect to the UE 302.
  • the AMF 344 may be responsible for registration management (for example, for registering UE 302), connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception of AMF-related events, and access authentication and authorization.
  • the AMF 344 may provide transport for SM messages between the UE 302 and the SMF 346, and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages.
  • AMF 344 may also provide transport for SMS messages between UE 302 and an SMSF.
  • AMF 344 may interact with the AUSF 342 and the UE 302 to perform various security anchor and context management functions.
  • AMF 344 may be a termination point of a RAN CP interface, which may include or be an N2 reference point between the RAN 304 and the AMF 344; and the AMF 344 may be a termination point of NAS (N1) signaling, and perform NAS ciphering and integrity protection.
  • AMF 344 may also support NAS signaling with the UE 302 over an N3 IWF interface.
  • the SMF 346 may be responsible for SM (for example, session establishment, tunnel management between UPF 348 and AN 308); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP function; configuring traffic steering at UPF 348 to route traffic to proper destination; termination of interfaces toward policy control functions; controlling part of policy enforcement, charging, and QoS; lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI system); termination of SM parts of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiating AN specific SM information, sent via AMF 344 over N2 to AN 308; and determining SSC mode of a session.
  • SM for example, session establishment, tunnel management between UPF 348 and AN 308
  • UE IP address allocation and management including optional authorization
  • selection and control of UP function configuring traffic steering at UPF 348 to route traffic to proper destination
  • termination of interfaces toward policy control functions controlling part of policy enforcement, charging, and QoS
  • lawful intercept for SM events and interface to LI system
  • SM may refer to management of a PDU session
  • a PDU session or “session” may refer to a PDU connectivity service that provides or enables the exchange of PDUs between the UE 302 and the data network 336.
  • the UPF 348 may act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point of interconnect to data network 336, and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU session.
  • the UPF 348 may also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane part of policy rules, lawfully Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) intercept packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS handling for a user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL/DL rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic verification (e.g., SDF-to-QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering.
  • UPF 348 may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network.
  • the NSSF 350 may select a set of network slice instances serving the UE 302.
  • the NSSF 350 may also determine allowed NSSAI and the mapping to the subscribed S-NSSAIs, if needed.
  • the NSSF 350 may also determine the AMF set to be used to serve the UE 302, or a list of candidate AMFs based on a suitable configuration and possibly by querying the NRF 354.
  • the selection of a set of network slice instances for the UE 302 may be triggered by the AMF 344 with which the UE 302 is registered by interacting with the NSSF 350, which may lead to a change of AMF.
  • the NSSF 350 may interact with the AMF 344 via an N22 reference point; and may communicate with another NSSF in a visited network via an N31 reference point (not shown).
  • the NSSF 350 may exhibit an Nnssf service-based interface.
  • the NEF 352 may securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions for third party, internal exposure/re-exposure, AFs (e.g., AF 360), edge computing or fog computing systems, etc.
  • AFs e.g., AF 360
  • the NEF 452 may authenticate, authorize, or throttle the AFs.
  • NEF 352 may also translate information exchanged with the AF 360 and information exchanged with internal network functions. For example, the NEF 352 may translate between an AF-Service-Identifier and an internal 5GC information. NEF 352 may also receive information from other NFs based on exposed capabilities of other NFs.
  • This information may be stored at the NEF 352 as structured data, or at a data storage NF using standardized interfaces. The stored information can then be re-exposed by the NEF 352 to other NFs and AFs, or used for other purposes such as analytics. Additionally, the NEF 352 may exhibit an Nnef service-based interface.
  • the NRF 354 may support service discovery functions, receive NF discovery requests from NF instances, and provide the information of the discovered NF instances to the NF instances. NRF 354 also maintains information of available NF instances and their supported services.
  • the terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like may refer to the creation of an instance, and an “instance” may refer to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code.
  • the NRF 354 may exhibit the Nnrf service-based interface.
  • the PCF 356 may provide policy rules to control plane functions to enforce them, and may also support unified policy framework to govern network behavior.
  • the PCF 356 may Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) also implement a front end to access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a UDR of the UDM 358.
  • the PCF 356 exhibit an Npcf service-based interface.
  • the UDM 358 may handle subscription-related information to support the network entities’ handling of communication sessions, and may store subscription data of UE 302. For example, subscription data may be communicated via an N8 reference point between the UDM 358 and the AMF 344.
  • the UDM 358 may include two parts, an application front end and a UDR.
  • the UDR may store subscription data and policy data for the UDM 358 and the PCF 356, and/or structured data for exposure and application data (including PFDs for application detection, application request information for multiple UEs 302) for the NEF 352.
  • the Nudr service-based interface may be exhibited by the UDR to allow the UDM 358, PCF 356, and NEF 352 to access a particular set of the stored data, as well as to read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notification of relevant data changes in the UDR.
  • the UDM may include a UDM-FE, which is in charge of processing credentials, location management, subscription management and so on. Several different front ends may serve the same user in different transactions.
  • the UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification handling, access authorization, registration/mobility management, and subscription management.
  • the UDM 358 may exhibit the Nudm service-based interface.
  • the AF 360 may provide application influence on traffic routing, provide access to NEF, and interact with the policy framework for policy control.
  • the 5GC 340 may enable edge computing by selecting operator/3 rd party services to be geographically close to a point that the UE 302 is attached to the network. This may reduce latency and load on the network.
  • the 5GC 340 may select a UPF 348 close to the UE 302 and execute traffic steering from the UPF 348 to data network 336 via the N6 interface. This may be based on the UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by the AF 360. In this way, the AF 360 may influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a wireless network 400 in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the wireless network 400 may include a UE 402 in wireless communication with an AN 404.
  • the UE 402 and AN 404 may be similar to, and substantially interchangeable with, like-named components described elsewhere herein.
  • the UE 402 may be communicatively coupled with the AN 404 via connection 406.
  • the connection 406 is illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols such as an LTE protocol or a 5G NR protocol operating at mmWave or sub-6GHz frequencies.
  • the UE 402 may include a host platform 408 coupled with a modem platform 410.
  • the host platform 408 may include application processing circuitry 412, which may be coupled with protocol processing circuitry 414 of the modem platform 410.
  • the application processing circuitry 412 may run various applications for the UE 402 that source/sink application data.
  • the application processing circuitry 412 may further implement one or more layer operations to transmit/receive application data to/from a data network.
  • the protocol processing circuitry 414 may implement one or more of layer operations to facilitate transmission or reception of data over the connection 406.
  • the layer operations implemented by the protocol processing circuitry 414 may include, for example, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC and NAS operations.
  • the modem platform 410 may further include digital baseband circuitry 416 that may implement one or more layer operations that are “below” layer operations performed by the protocol processing circuitry 414 in a network protocol stack.
  • These operations may include, for example, PHY operations including one or more of HARQ-ACK functions, scrambling/descrambling, encoding/decoding, layer mapping/de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol/bit metric determination, multi-antenna port precoding/decoding, which may include one or more of space-time, space-frequency or spatial coding, reference signal generation/detection, preamble sequence generation and/or decoding, synchronization sequence generation/detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions.
  • the modem platform 410 may further include transmit circuitry 418, receive circuitry 420, RF circuitry 422, and RF front end (RFFE) 424, which may include or connect to one or more antenna panels 426.
  • HARQ-ACK functions including one or more of HARQ-ACK functions, scrambling/descrambling, encoding/decoding, layer mapping/de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol/bit metric determination, multi-antenn
  • the transmit circuitry 418 may include a digital-to-analog converter, mixer, intermediate frequency (IF) components, etc.
  • the receive circuitry 420 may Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) include an analog-to-digital converter, mixer, IF components, etc.
  • the RF circuitry 422 may include a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, power tracking components, etc.
  • RFFE 424 may include filters (for example, surface/bulk acoustic wave filters), switches, antenna tuners, beamforming components (for example, phase-array antenna components), etc.
  • transmit/receive components may be specific to details of a specific implementation such as, for example, whether communication is TDM or FDM, in mmWave or sub-6 gHz frequencies, etc.
  • the transmit/receive components may be arranged in multiple parallel transmit/receive chains, may be disposed in the same or different chips/modules, etc.
  • the protocol processing circuitry 414 may include one or more instances of control circuitry (not shown) to provide control functions for the transmit/receive components.
  • a UE reception may be established by and via the antenna panels 426, RFFE 424, RF circuitry 422, receive circuitry 420, digital baseband circuitry 416, and protocol processing circuitry 414.
  • the antenna panels 426 may receive a transmission from the AN 404 by receive-beamforming signals received by a plurality of antennas/antenna elements of the one or more antenna panels 426.
  • a UE transmission may be established by and via the protocol processing circuitry 414, digital baseband circuitry 416, transmit circuitry 418, RF circuitry 422, RFFE 424, and antenna panels 426.
  • the transmit components of the UE 404 may apply a spatial filter to the data to be transmitted to form a transmit beam emitted by the antenna elements of the antenna panels 426.
  • the AN 1004 may include a host platform 428 coupled with a modem platform 430.
  • the host platform 428 may include application processing circuitry 432 coupled with protocol processing circuitry 434 of the modem platform 430.
  • the modem platform may further include digital baseband circuitry 436, transmit circuitry 438, receive circuitry 440, RF circuitry 442, RFFE circuitry 444, and antenna panels 446.
  • the components of the AN 404 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with like-named components of the UE 402.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
  • AF1976-PCT 31517-3365
  • FIG.5 shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 500 including one or more processors (or processor cores) 510, one or more memory/storage devices 520, and one or more communication resources 530, each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 540 or other interface circuitry.
  • processors or processor cores
  • memory/storage devices 520 may be communicatively coupled via a bus 540 or other interface circuitry.
  • communication resources 530 each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 540 or other interface circuitry.
  • a hypervisor 502 may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources 500.
  • the processors 510 may include, for example, a processor 512 and a processor 514.
  • the processors 510 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those discussed herein), or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the memory/storage devices 520 may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the memory/storage devices 520 may include, but are not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc.
  • the communication resources 530 may include interconnection or network interface controllers, components, or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 504 or one or more databases 506 or other network elements via a network 508.
  • the communication resources 530 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via USB, Ethernet, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components.
  • Instructions 550 may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors 510 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
  • the instructions 550 may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors 510 (e.g., within the processor’s cache memory), the memory/storage devices 520, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the network 600 may operate in a matter consistent with 3GPP technical specifications or technical reports for 6G systems.
  • the network 600 may operate concurrently with network 300.
  • the network 600 may share one or more frequency or bandwidth resources with network 600.
  • a UE may be configured to operate in both network 600 and network 300. Such configuration may be based on a UE including circuitry configured for communication with frequency and bandwidth resources of both networks 300 and 600. In general, several elements of network 600 may share one or more characteristics with elements of network 300. For the sake of brevity and clarity, such elements may not be repeated in the description of network 600.
  • the network 600 may include a UE 602, which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN 608 via an over-the-air connection.
  • the UE 602 may be similar to, for example, UE 302.
  • the UE 602 may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc.
  • the network 600 may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface.
  • the UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc.
  • the UE 602 may be communicatively coupled with an AP such as AP 306 as described with respect to Figure 3.
  • the RAN 608 may include one or more ANs such as AN 308 as described with respect to Figure 6.
  • the RAN 608 and/or the AN of the RAN 608 may be referred to as a base station (BS), a RAN node, or using some other term or name.
  • the UE 602 and the RAN 608 may be configured to communicate via an air interface that may be referred to as a sixth generation (6G) air interface.
  • the 6G air interface may include one or more features such as communication in a terahertz (THz) or sub-THz bandwidth, or joint communication and sensing.
  • THz or sub- THz bandwidths may refer to communication in the 80 GHz and above frequency ranges.
  • the RAN 608 may allow for communication between the UE 602 and a 6G core network (CN) 610. Specifically, the RAN 608 may facilitate the transmission and reception of data between the UE 602 and the 6G CN 610.
  • the 6G CN 610 may include various functions such as NSSF 350, NEF 352, NRF 354, PCF 356, UDM 358, AF 360, SMF 346, and AUSF 342.
  • the 6G CN 610 may additional include UPF 348 and DN 336 as shown in Figure 6.
  • the RAN 608 may include various additional functions that are in addition to, or alternative to, functions of a legacy cellular network such as a 4G or 5G network.
  • Two such functions may include a Compute Control Function (Comp CF) 624 and a Compute Service Function (Comp SF) 636.
  • the Comp CF 624 and the Comp SF 636 may be parts or functions of the Computing Service Plane.
  • Comp CF 624 may be a control plane function that provides functionalities such as management of the Comp SF 636, computing task context generation and management (e.g., create, read, modify, delete), interaction with the underlaying computing infrastructure for computing resource management, etc.
  • Comp SF 636 may be a user plane function that serves as the gateway to interface computing service users (such as UE 602) and computing nodes behind a Comp SF instance. Some functionalities of the Comp SF 636 may include: parse computing service data received from users to compute tasks executable by computing nodes; hold service mesh ingress gateway or service API gateway; service and charging policies enforcement; performance monitoring and telemetry collection, etc.
  • a Comp SF 636 instance may serve as the user plane gateway for a cluster of computing nodes.
  • a Comp CF 624 instance may control one or more Comp SF 636 instances. Two other such functions may include a Communication Control Function (Comm CF) 628 and a Communication Service Function (Comm SF) 638, which may be parts of the Communication Service Plane.
  • the Comm CF 628 may be the control plane function for managing the Comm SF 638, communication sessions creation/configuration/releasing, and Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) managing communication session context.
  • the Comm SF 638 may be a user plane function for data transport.
  • Comm CF 628 and Comm SF 638 may be considered as upgrades of SMF 346 and UPF 348, which were described with respect to a 5G system in Figure 3.
  • the upgrades provided by the Comm CF 628 and the Comm SF 638 may enable service-aware transport. For legacy (e.g., 4G or 5G) data transport, SMF 346 and UPF 348 may still be used.
  • Data CF 622 may be a control plane function and provides functionalities such as Data SF 632 management, Data service creation/configuration/releasing, Data service context management, etc.
  • Data SF 632 may be a user plane function and serve as the gateway between data service users (such as UE 602 and the various functions of the 6G CN 610) and data service endpoints behind the gateway. Specific functionalities may include: parse data service user data and forward to corresponding data service endpoints, generate charging data, report data service status.
  • SOCF Service Orchestration and Chaining Function
  • SOCF 620 may discover, orchestrate and chain up communication/computing/data services provided by functions in the network.
  • SOCF 620 may interact with one or more of Comp CF 624, Comm CF 628, and Data CF 622 to identify Comp SF 636, Comm SF 638, and Data SF 632 instances, configure service resources, and generate the service chain, which could contain multiple Comp SF 636, Comm SF 638, and Data SF 632 instances and their associated computing endpoints. Workload processing and data movement may then be conducted within the generated service chain.
  • the SOCF 620 may also responsible for maintaining, updating, and releasing a created service chain.
  • SRF service registration function
  • SRF 614 may act as a registry for system services provided in the user plane such as services provided by service endpoints behind Comp SF 636 and Data SF 632 gateways and services provided by the UE 602.
  • the SRF 614 may be considered a counterpart of NRF 354, which may act as the registry for network functions.
  • Other such functions may include an evolved service communication proxy (eSCP) and service infrastructure control function (SICF) 626, which may provide service communication infrastructure for control plane services and user plane services.
  • eSCP may be related to the service communication proxy (SCP) of 5G with user plane service communication proxy capabilities being added.
  • the eSCP is therefore expressed in two parts: eCSP-C 612 and eSCP- U 634, for control plane service communication proxy and user plane service communication Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) proxy, respectively.
  • the SICF 626 may control and configure eCSP instances in terms of service traffic routing policies, access rules, load balancing configurations, performance monitoring, etc.
  • Another such function is the AMF 644.
  • the AMF 644 may be similar to 344, but with additional functionality. Specifically, the AMF 644 may include potential functional repartition, such as move the message forwarding functionality from the AMF 644 to the RAN 608.
  • Another such function is the service orchestration exposure function (SOEF) 618.
  • SOEF service orchestration exposure function
  • the SOEF may be configured to expose service orchestration and chaining services to external users such as applications.
  • the UE 602 may include an additional function that is referred to as a computing client service function (comp CSF) 604.
  • the comp CSF 604 may have both the control plane functionalities and user plane functionalities, and may interact with corresponding network side functions such as SOCF 620, Comp CF 624, Comp SF 636, Data CF 622, and/or Data SF 632 for service discovery, request/response, compute task workload exchange, etc.
  • the Comp CSF 604 may also work with network side functions to decide on whether a computing task should be run on the UE 602, the RAN 608, and/or an element of the 6G CN 610.
  • the UE 602 and/or the Comp CSF 604 may include a service mesh proxy 606.
  • the service mesh proxy 606 may act as a proxy for service-to-service communication in the user plane. Capabilities of the service mesh proxy 606 may include one or more of addressing, security, load balancing, and/or the like.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of artificial (AI)-assisted communication between a user equipment and a radio access network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 depicts an example artificial (AI)-assisted communication architecture. More specifically, as described in further detail below, AI/machine learning (ML) models may be used or leveraged to facilitate over-the-air communication between UE 705 and RAN 710.
  • AI/machine learning (ML) models may be used or leveraged to facilitate over-the-air communication between UE 705 and RAN 710.
  • the UE 705 and the RAN 710 operate in a matter consistent with 3GPP technical specifications and/or technical reports for 6G systems.
  • the wireless cellular communication between the UE 705 and the RAN 710 may be part of, or operate concurrently with, networks 300, 600, and/or some other network described herein.
  • the UE 705 may be similar to, and share one or more features with, UE 302, UE 602, and/or some other UE described herein.
  • the UE 705 may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc.
  • the RAN 710 may be similar to, and share one or more features with, RAN 314, RAN 608, and/or some other RAN described herein.
  • the AI-related elements of UE 705 may be similar to the AI-related elements of RAN 710.
  • description of the various elements will be provided from the point of view of the UE 705, however it will be understood that such discussion or description will apply to equally named/numbered elements of RAN 710, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • the UE 705 may include various elements or functions that are related to AI/ML. Such elements may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, and/or some combination thereof. In examples, one or more of the elements may be implemented as part of the same hardware (e.g., chip or multi-processor chip), software (e.g., a computing program), or firmware as another element. One such element may be a data repository 715.
  • the data repository 715 may be responsible for data collection and storage. Specifically, the data repository 715 may collect and store RAN configuration parameters, measurement data, performance key performance indicators (KPIs), model performance metrics, etc., for model training, update, and inference. More generally, collected data is stored into the repository. Stored data can be discovered and extracted by other elements from the data repository 715. For example, as may be seen, the inference data selection/filter element 750 may retrieve data from the data repository 715. In various examples, the UE 705 may be configured to discover and request data from the data repository 715 in the RAN, and vice versa.
  • KPIs performance key performance indicators
  • model performance metrics etc.
  • the data repository 715 of the UE 705 may be communicatively coupled with the data repository 715 of the RAN 710 such that the respective data repositories of the UE and the RAN may share collected data with one another.
  • Another such element may be a training data selection/filtering functional block 720.
  • the training data selection/filter functional block 720 may be configured to generate training, validation, and testing datasets for model training. Training data may be extracted from the data repository 715. Data may be selected/filtered based on the specific AI/ML model to be trained. Data may optionally be transformed/augmented/pre-processed (e.g., normalized) Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) before being loaded into datasets.
  • the training data selection/filter functional block 720 may label data in datasets for supervised learning.
  • the produced datasets may then be fed into model training the model training functional block 725.
  • another such element may be the model training functional block 725.
  • This functional block may be responsible for training and updating(re-training) AI/ML models.
  • the selected model may be trained using the fed-in datasets (including training, validation, testing) from the training data selection/filtering functional block.
  • the model training functional block 725 may produce trained and tested AI/ML models which are ready for deployment.
  • the produced trained and tested models can be stored in a model repository 735.
  • the model repository 735 may be responsible for AI/ML models’ (both trained and un- trained) storage and exposure.
  • Trained/updated model(s) may be stored into the model repository 735.
  • Model and model parameters may be discovered and requested by other functional blocks (e.g., the training data selection/filter functional block 720 and/or the model training functional block 725).
  • the UE 705 may discover and request AI/ML models from the model repository 735 of the RAN 710.
  • the RAN 710 may be able to discover and/or request AI/ML models from the model repository 735 of the UE 705.
  • the RAN 710 may configure models and/or model parameters in the model repository 735 of the UE 705.
  • Another such element may be a model management functional block 740.
  • the model management functional block 740 may be responsible for management of the AI/ML model produced by the model training functional block 725. Such management functions may include deployment of a trained model, monitoring model performance, etc. In model deployment, the model management functional block 740 may allocate and schedule hardware and/or software resources for inference, based on received trained and tested models. As used herein, “inference” refers to the process of using trained AI/ML model(s) to generate data analytics, actions, policies, etc. based on input inference data. In performance monitoring, based on wireless performance KPIs and model performance metrics, the model management functional block 740 may decide to terminate the running model, start model re-training, select another model, etc.
  • the model management functional block 740 of the RAN 710 may be able to configure model management policies in the UE 705 as shown.
  • Another such element may be an inference data selection/filtering functional block 750.
  • the inference data selection/filter functional block 750 may be responsible for generating datasets for model inference at the inference functional block 745, as described below. Specifically, inference data may be extracted from the data repository 715.
  • the inference data Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) selection/filter functional block 750 may select and/or filter the data based on the deployed AI/ML model.
  • Data may be transformed/augmented/pre-processed following the same transformation/augmentation/pre-processing as those in training data selection/filtering as described with respect to functional block 720.
  • the produced inference dataset may be fed into the inference functional block 745.
  • Another such element may be the inference functional block 745.
  • the inference functional block 745 may be responsible for executing inference as described above. Specifically, the inference functional block 745 may consume the inference dataset provided by the inference data selection/filtering functional block 750, and generate one or more outcomes. Such outcomes may be or include data analytics, actions, policies, etc. The outcome(s) may be provided to the performance measurement functional block 730.
  • the performance measurement functional block 730 may be configured to measure model performance metrics (e.g., accuracy, model bias, run-time latency, etc.) of deployed and executing models based on the inference outcome(s) for monitoring purpose.
  • Model performance data may be stored in the data repository 715.
  • model performance metrics e.g., accuracy, model bias, run-time latency, etc.
  • Model performance data may be stored in the data repository 715.
  • the following examples pertain to further embodiments.
  • at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth in the example section below.
  • the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below.
  • the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • the term “communicate” is intended to include Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit
  • a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on- board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (W
  • AF1976-PCT 31517-3365
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like
  • WAP wireless
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth ⁇ , global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for
  • Example 1 may include a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, the gNB device comprising processing circuitry coupled to storage for storing information associated with the configuring, the processing circuitry configured to: generate a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; provide signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identify the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index.
  • TPMI transcoder precoding matrix indicator
  • Example 2 may include the gNB device of example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the UE device is partially coherent and comprises two antenna groups.
  • Example 3 may include the gNB device of example 1 or example 2 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer.
  • Example 4 may include the gNB device of example 1 or example 2 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-port precoder, and based on a second Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-port precoding matrix, wherein the first two-port precoder with one layer and the second two-port precoder with one layer are selected from non-coherent two-port precoders with one layer or from fully coherent two- port precoders with one layer, and wherein the first four-port precoding matrix and the second four-port precoding matrix are selected from fully coherent four-port precoders or from partially coherent four-port precoders.
  • Example 5 may include the gNB device of example 4 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on two antenna groups using at least two layers.
  • Example 6 may include the gnB device of example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) for two antenna groups.
  • Example 7 may include the gnB device of example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the UE device is partially coherent and comprises four antenna groups.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • Example 8 may include the gnB device of example 7 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on at least one of a first Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a first four- by-X2 four-port precoder, a fourth Kronecker product operation of a of a four-by-X1 four- port precoder and a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer, or
  • Example 9 may include the gnB device of example 7 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a second four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder.
  • the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two-port fully coherent precode
  • Example 10 may include the gnB device of example 7 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries.
  • Example 11 may include a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions to cause processing circuitry of a user equipment (UE) device for precoding physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, upon execution of the instructions by the processing circuitry, to: identify, from a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, signaling comprising a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; generate a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index; and encode the PUSCH transmission based on the precoding matrix.
  • UE user equipment
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared control channel
  • Example 12 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four- port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer.
  • the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four- port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) two-by-one two-port precoder
  • Example 13 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-port precoder, and based on a second Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-port precoding matrix, wherein the first two-port precoder with one layer and the second two-port precoder with one layer are selected from non-coherent two- port precoders with one layer or from fully coherent two-port precoders with one layer, and wherein the first four-port precoding matrix and the second four-port precoding matrix are selected from fully coherent four-port precoders or from partially coherent four-port precoders.
  • Example 14 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on at least one of a first Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X2 four- port precoder, a fourth Kronecker product operation of a of a four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer, or a fifth Kronecker product operation of a second four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-by-X2 four-port precoder and a
  • Example 15 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two- port fully coherent precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a second four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder.
  • Example 16 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries.
  • the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries.
  • Example 17 may include a method for co physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, the method comprising: configuring, by processing circuitry of a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; providing, by the processing circuitry, signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identifying, by the processing circuitry, the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index.
  • gNB Next Generation Node B
  • TPMI transcoder precoding matrix indicator
  • Example 18 may include the method of example 17 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer.
  • Example 19 may include an apparatus comprising means for: configuring, by a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; providing signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identifying the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index.
  • gNB Next Generation Node B
  • TPMI transcoder precoding matrix indicator
  • Example 20 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or any other method or process described herein.
  • Example 21 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or any other method or process described herein.
  • Example 22 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or portions or parts thereof.
  • Example 23 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or portions thereof.
  • Example 24 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.
  • Example 25 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
  • Example 26 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.
  • Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well.
  • the dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special-purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • Conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations.
  • circuitry refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a complex PLD (CPLD), a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD), a structured ASIC, or a programmable SoC), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality.
  • FPD field-programmable device
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • CPLD complex PLD
  • HPLD high-capacity PLD
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality.
  • the term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry.
  • the term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, and/or transferring digital data. Processing circuitry may include one or more processing cores to execute instructions and one or more memory structures to store program and data information.
  • processor circuitry may refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, a physical central processing unit (CPU), a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) a quad-core processor, and/or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, and/or functional processes.
  • Processing circuitry may include more hardware accelerators, which may be microprocessors, programmable processing devices, or the like.
  • the one or more hardware accelerators may include, for example, computer vision (CV) and/or deep learning (DL) accelerators.
  • application circuitry and/or “baseband circuitry” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, “processor circuitry.”
  • interface circuitry refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices.
  • interface circuitry may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I/O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, and/or the like.
  • user equipment or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network.
  • user equipment or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc.
  • user equipment or “UE” may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.
  • network element refers to physical or virtualized equipment and/or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services.
  • network element may be considered synonymous to and/or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, router, switch, hub, bridge, radio network controller, RAN device, RAN node, gateway, server, virtualized VNF, NFVI, and/or the like.
  • computer system refers to any type interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices and/or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing and/or networking resources.
  • appliance refers to a computer device or computer system with program code (e.g., software or firmware) that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource.
  • program code e.g., software or firmware
  • a “virtual appliance” is a Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) virtual machine image to be implemented by a hypervisor-equipped device that virtualizes or emulates a computer appliance or otherwise is dedicated to provide a specific computing resource.
  • resource refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, and/or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor/CPU time, processor/CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input/output operations, ports or network sockets, channel/link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, and/or the like.
  • a “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by physical hardware element(s).
  • a “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc.
  • network resource or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices/systems via a communications network.
  • system resources may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing and/or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable.
  • channel refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream.
  • channel may be synonymous with and/or equivalent to “communications channel,” “data communications channel,” “transmission channel,” “data transmission channel,” “access channel,” “data access channel,” “link,” “data link,” “carrier,” “radiofrequency carrier,” and/or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated.
  • link refers to a connection between two devices through a RAT for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information.
  • instantiate refers to the creation of an instance.
  • An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code.
  • Coupled may mean two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with one another, may mean that two or more elements indirectly contact each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, and/or may mean that one or more Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) other elements are coupled or connected between the elements that are said to be coupled with each other.
  • directly coupled may mean that two or more elements are in direct contact with one another.
  • communicatively coupled may mean that two or more elements may be in contact with one another by a means of communication including through a wire or other interconnect connection, through a wireless communication channel or link, and/or the like.
  • information element refers to a structural element containing one or more fields.
  • field refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content.
  • terms, definitions, and abbreviations may be consistent with terms, definitions, and abbreviations defined in 3GPP TR 21.905 v16.0.0 (2019-06) and/or any other 3GPP standard.
  • abbreviations shown in Table 18 may apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein.
  • AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) CIR Carrier to Interference LLC Logical Link Control, S1-MMES1 for the control plane Ratio Low Layer Compatibility k nt C p ol Attorney Docket No.
  • AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) CRI Channel-State Information MDAF Management Data SDNF Structured Data Resource Indicator, CSI- Analytics Function Storage Network RS Resource Indicator Function n me ce er ort t t ce Attorney Docket No.
  • AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) DN Data network MSI Minimum System SMTC SSB-based Information, MCH Measurement Timing Scheduling Configuration nal nal nal nal nal nal nal nal e o nal Attorney Docket No.
  • AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) EES Edge Enabler Server NFVO NFV Orchestrator SSSIF Search Space Set Indicator EESID Edge Enabler Server NG Next Generation, Next SST Slice/Service Types k up ty e tor x ple te Attorney Docket No.
  • AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) F1AP F1 Application Protocol NSSF Network Slice TPMI Transmitted Precoding Selection Function Matrix Indicator F1-C F1 Control plane interface NW Network TR Technical Report Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) G-RNTI GERAN Radio Network PDCP Packet Data URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Temporary Identity Convergence Protocol, Latency Packet Data rk ot n g er e- l ck Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile PRG Physical resource WiMAX Worldwide Network block group Interoperability for Microwave Access n ea

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Abstract

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports. A Next Generation Node B (gNB) device may generate a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; provide signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identify the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index.

Description

Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) ENHANCED DOWNLINK CONTROL INFORMATION FIELD SIZE DETERMINATION FOR PARTIAL COHERENT CODEBOOK WITH EIGHT PORTS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION(S) This application claims the benefit of PCT Provisional Application No. PCT/CN2023/076394, filed February 16, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full. TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to downlink control information field size determination for a partial coherent codebook with eight ports. BACKGROUND Wireless devices are becoming widely prevalent and are increasingly using wireless channels. The 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) is developing one or more standards for wireless communications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 illustrates a network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a wireless network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating components, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates a network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of artificial (AI)-assisted communication between a user equipment and a radio access network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, algorithm, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims. Wireless devices may operate as defined by technical standards. For cellular telecommunications, the 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) define communication techniques, including for uplink precoding for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions. 3GPP technical standard 38.211 defines precoders (e.g., transcoder precoding matrix indicators – TPMIs) for PUSCH transmissions depending on a rank value (e.g., number of layers), number of antenna ports, and waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM (cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) or DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)) as shown in Tables 1-7 below. Table 1: Precoding Matrix ^ for single-layer transmission using two antenna ports (TPMIs for Rank-1 with two antenna ports): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index)
Figure imgf000004_0001
Table 2: Precoding Matrix ^ for two-layer transmission using two antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-2 with two antenna ports(CP- OFDM)): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in ^
Figure imgf000004_0002
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 3: Precoding Matrix ^ for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding enabled (TPMIs for Rank-1 with four antenna ports (DFT-s-OFDM)): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index ^ ^ ^
Figure imgf000005_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 4: Precoding Matrix ^ for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-1 with four antenna ports (CP-OFDM): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index ^ ^ ^
Figure imgf000006_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 5: Precoding Matrix ^ for two-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-2 with four antenna ports (CP- OFDM): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index ^
Figure imgf000007_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 6: Precoding Matrix ^ for three-layer transmission using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-3 with four antenna ports (CP-OFDM): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) Index 1^ 1
Figure imgf000008_0001
g y g p s with transform precoding disabled (TPMIs for Rank-4 with four antenna ports (CP- OFDM): TPMI ^ (ordered from left to right in increasing order of TPMI index) 1 1 ^
Figure imgf000008_0002
The TPMIs for the precoders may be categorized as full coherent TPMIs (), partial coherent TPMIs, and non-coherent TPMIs. Table 8 below shows the non-coherent, partial coherent, and full coherent TPMIs for 4-port and 2-port:
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 8: Non-coherent, partial coherent and full coherent precoding matrix: Rank-1: TPMI {0~3} as shown in Table 3and Table 4 Non-coherent d d
Figure imgf000009_0003
n t e own n contro n ormat on ( ) sc e u ng (e.g., ormat 0_1/0_2), the TPMI may be indicated via the “Precoding information and number of layers” field which can indicate the rank and precoder used for PUSCH transmission, i.e., the rank indicator and precoder indicator are jointly encoded. In 3GPP Rel-18, up to eight layers will be supported for PUSCH transmission. The 8- port partial coherent precoder may be based on the Rel-152Tx/4Tx precoding matrix. And the partial coherent UE with 8Tx could have two antenna groups (Ng=2) or four antenna groups (Ng=4). Therefore, the DCI scheduling PUSCH should be enhanced to support up to eight layers with eight ports. Partial coherent UE with 8Tx and two antenna groups (Ng=2) In an embodiment, for 8-Tx partial coherent UE with two antenna groups, the partial coherent codebook with 8 ports could be generated using 4Tx and/or 2Tx precoding matrix. In one option of the embodiment, the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ^ ∈ ^1,2,3,4^, ^^^^,^(^), could be generated according to Equation (1). In the equation, ^^,^^^,^(^) (size of 2 × 1) is a 2-port precoder with Rank-1 and ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^1) is a 4-port precoder with Rank ^1, and ^ = ^1.
Figure imgf000009_0001
^^^^,^(^) = ^^,^^^,^(^) ⊗ ^^,!^^,^(^^) (Equation 1) where ⊗ means
Figure imgf000009_0002
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) In some aspects, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1, and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 4-port precoders with rank-^. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from ^$ 1 0 %^ , $ 0 1 %^^, then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be (^^) 0%^ or $0 ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) %^ .
Figure imgf000010_0001
(^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1, and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoder with rank-^. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from ^$1 1%^ , $1 −1%^ , $1 ^%^ , $1 −^%^^, then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be $^^,!^^,^(^^) &^^,!^^,^(^^)%^, where & could be ^1, −1, ^, −^^. In another option of the embodiment, the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ^ ∈ ^2,3,4,5,6,7,8^, ^^^^,^(^), could be generated according to Equation (2). In the equation, ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^1) and ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^2) are 4-port precoding matrix with Rank ^1 and ^2, respectively, and ^ = ^1 + ^2, wherein ^1 and ^2 are non- zero positive integers, and ^1 ≤ 4, ^2 ≤ 4. ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^) are 2-port precoder with Rank-1. ^^^^,^(^) = $^ ^,^^^,^(^) ⊗ ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) ^ ^,^^^,^(^) ⊗ ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) % (Equation 2) where ⊗
Figure imgf000010_0002
In some aspects, ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1. ^^,!^^,^(^^) and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full
Figure imgf000010_0003
with rank-^1 and rank-^2, respectively. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $1 0%^ and ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $0 1%^. Then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be ^^^,!^^,^(^^) 0 ^. Alternatively, ^^,^^^,^(^^)
Figure imgf000010_0004
a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1. ^^,!^^,^(^^) and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoder with rank-^1 and rank-^2, respectively. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $1 &%^ and ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $1 −&%^, where & could be ^1, −1, ^, −^^. Then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be ^^,!^^,^(^ ^ ^ ^) ^,!^^,^(^^) &^^,!^^,^(^^) −&^^,!^^,^(^^) ^. generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix
Figure imgf000011_0001
{2, 3, 4}, both equation (1) and Equation (2) can be used. Alternatively, either Equation (1) or Equation (2) is used. When generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with two antenna groups for rank-{2,3,4,5,6,7,8} using Equation (2), all the rank combinations between X1 and X2 are used. In another option, a subset of rank combinations between X1 and X2 is used. Table 9 below shows an example of the possible rank combinations for generating 8- port partial coherent precoders with two antenna groups.
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 9: Possible rank combinations for 8-port partial coherent precoder with two antenna groups: Rank value Codebook construction Possible rank combinations Rank-1 ^^^^,^(^) based on Equation ^ = ^1 = 1
Figure imgf000012_0001
In another embodiment, when generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with two antenna groups via Equation (1) and/or Equation (2), ^^,^^^,^(^), ^^,^^^,^(^), ^^,!^^,^(^^), and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be signaled to the UE via DCI. In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH transmission, two TPMI fields could be included, each field indicates one 4-port precoder. For example, the first TPMI field indicate ^^,!^^,^(^^), and the second TPMI field indicate ^^,!^^,^(^^). In one option, the 4-port precoder indicated by the first TPMI field could be applied to the first antenna group, and the 4-port precoder indicated by the second TPMI field could be applied to the second antenna Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) group, i.e., the first TPMI field corresponds to the first antenna group and the second TPMI field corresponds to the second antenna group. In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH transmission, whether one TPMI field or both TPMI fields are used for the 8-port precoder generation could be indicated in the DCI, i.e., the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection could be indicated by the DCI. In one option, the indication could be via newly added DCI field(s) or some existing DCI field(s) could be reused/repurposed. For example, it could be a field of 1-bit or it could be a bitmap of 2-bits. In another option, the indication could be via some specific value(s)/code point(s) of the corresponding TPMI field(s). If the specific value/code point of the TPMI field is indicated, then it means the corresponding TPMI field is not used for the 8-port precoder generation. For example, if the number of precoders is 6 (using code point #0 ~ #5), when the 6th code point is indicated, it means this TPMI field is not used for the 8-port precoder generation; otherwise, the TPMI field is used for the 8-port precoder generation. In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH transmission, another field(s) could be used to indicate ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). In one option, the field(s) could be newly added or could reuse/repurpose some existing DCI field(s). In another option, the value of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)) could be pre-defined (for example, ^^,^^^,^(^) is $1 0%^ and ^^,^^^,^(^) is $0 1%^), or could be configured by RRC/MAC-CE. In this case, there is no need to indicate ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)) in DCI. In one example,
Figure imgf000013_0001
generated by Equation (1), a new field could be added (or existing field is reused/repurposed) to indicate the value of ^^,^^^,^(^), wherein it could also serve as the indication of antenna port group selection/TPMI field selection. The value of ^^,^^^,^(^) could be ^$1 0%^ , $0 1%^^, then the field could be one bit or it could be a bitmap of two bits. Alternatively, the value of ^^,^^^,^(^) could be implicitly indicated by the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection via specific value(s)/code point(s) of the TPMI field(s). For example, if the first TPMI field is selected, then it means the value of $1 0%^ is used. If the second TPMI field is selected, then it means the value of $0 1%^ is used. In one example, only one TPMI field is used to indicate the 4-port precoder to construct the 8-port precoder, e.g., the first TPMI field (the second TPMI field could be optionally absent). In another example, both TPMI fields could be used to indicate the 4-port precoder, e.g., when $ 1 0 %^ is indicated, then the first TPMI field is used 8-port precoder construction, and when $0 1%^ is indicated, then the second TPMI field is used for 8-port precoder construction. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) In another example, if the 8-port precoders are generated by Equation (2), new field(s) could be added (or existing field is reused/repurposed) to indicate the value of ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^) (or to indicate the value of &). In another example, if both Equation (1) and Equation (2) are used for generating 8- port precoders, for example, depending on the rank values, then the field(s) for indication of ^^,^^^,^(^), and the field(s) for indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^), and the fields for TPMI field selection (or antenna group selection) could be configured to be present or absent depending on the maxRank value. For example, if maxRank=1, then only the field for ^^,^^^,^(^) indication is needed. In another example, no matter the value of maxRank, then the field(s) for indication of ^^,^^^,^(^), and the field(s) for indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^), and the fields for TPMI field selection (or antenna group selection) should be configured to be always present. In another embodiment, when generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with two antenna groups via Equation (1) and/or Equation (2), ^^,^^^,^(^), ^^,^^^,^(^), ^^,!^^,^(^^), and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be signaled to the UE via DCI. In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, one TPMI field indicates 2-port precoder (^^,^^^,^(^)) and the other TPMI field indicates 4-port precoder (^^,!^^,^(^^)). Alternatively, in the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, each TPMI field indicate 4-port precoder (^^,!^^,^(^^), ^^,!^^,^(^^)). Another one or two field(s) could be used to indicator 2-port precoder (^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). DCI field size for 8-port partial coherent precoder with two antenna groups (Ng=2) Considering whether joint encoding or separate encoding of rank indication and precoder indication, the TPMI field length could be different in DCI. Joint encoding of rank indication and precoder indication In an embodiment, for indication of 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix, joint encoding of rank indication and precoder indication could be applied. Precoders of different rank could be indicated by the TPMI field(s). The following notations are assumed: maxRank: the maximum number of layers in total (the maximum number of layers across both antenna groups), which could be configured by RRC. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) R./0,1: the maximum number of layers for TPMI field i (or antenna group i), i = ^0,1^. R .13,1 : the minimum number of layers for TPMI field i (or antenna group i), i = ^0,1^. N5,1: the number of 4-port precoders with rank-r for TPMI field i (or antenna group i), where 0 < r ≤ 4, i = ^0,1^. Generally, the length of TPMI field i could be: L1 = 9log^ =∑?@AB,C 5D?@CE,C N5,1 FG. In an example, the maximum number of layers each antenna group), R , could be pre-deter
Figure imgf000015_0001
./0,1 mined considering the across antenna groups to be used, for example, as shown in Error! Reference source not found.. In another example, the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), R./0,1, could be configured by RRC. R./0,1 could be smaller than or equal to maxRank. Case A: In an embodiment, for rank R ∈ ^1,2,3,4^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank R ∈ ^5,6,7,8^, the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of V^,^I0,?(^) (or V^,^I0,?(^) and V^,^I0,?(^)). When maxRank<=4 is configured, only one TPMI field could be configured. For example, the first TPMI field is configured and the second TPMI field is not present. When maxRank>4 is configured, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI. Alternatively, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank. Table 10 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9.
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 10: Example of TPMI field length for Case A: maxRank Length of 1st TPMI field Length of 2nd TPMI field (i=1) (i=0)
Figure imgf000016_0002
n a secon opt on, t e e se ect on antenna group se ect on s y some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection. In this case, the length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = 9MNO^ =1 + ∑^\]^,_ YD^\_`,_ QY,W FG. In a third
Figure imgf000016_0001
determined according to maxRank. If maxRank<=4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to the value of maxRank (or the second TPMI field is not present). If maxRank>4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group) and the possible rank combinations. In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group). Case B: In an embodiment, for rank T ∈ ^1^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ∈ ^2,3,4^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Equation (1) and Equation (2). For rank T ∈ ^5,6,7,8^, the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). When maxRank=1 is configured, only one TPMI field could be configured. For example, the first TPMI field is configured and the second TPMI field is not present. When maxRank>=2 is configured, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI. Alternatively, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank. Table 11 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9. Table 11: Example of TPMI field length for Case B: maxRank Length of 1st TPMI field Length of 2nd TPMI field (i=1) (i=0)
Figure imgf000017_0002
In a second option, the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection. In this case, the length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = 9MNO^ =1 + ∑^\]^,_ FG.
Figure imgf000017_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) In a third option, the size of both TPMI fields are determined according to maxRank. If maxRank=1 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to the value of maxRank=1 (or the second TPMI field is not present). If 2<=maxRank<=4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to the value of maxRank and the possible rank combinations. If maxRank>4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group) and the possible rank combinations. In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group). Case C: In an embodiment, for rank T ∈ ^1^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ∈ ^2,3,4,5,6,7,8^, the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). When maxRank=1 is configured, only one TPMI field could be the first TPMI field is
Figure imgf000018_0001
configured and the second TPMI field is not present. When maxRank>=2 is configured, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI. Alternatively, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank. Table 12 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9.
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 12: Example TPMI field length for Case C: maxRank Length of 1st TPMI field Length of 2nd TPMI field (i=1) (i=0)
Figure imgf000019_0002
In a second option, the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection. In this case, the length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = 9MNO^ =1 + ∑^\]^,_ YD^\_`,_ QY,W FG. In a third
Figure imgf000019_0001
determined according to maxRank. If maxRank=1 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to the value of maxRank=1 (or the second TPMI field is not present). If 2<=maxRank<=4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to the value of maxRank and the possible rank combinations. If maxRank>4 is configured, then both TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group) and the possible rank combinations. In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group). Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Separate encoding of rank indication and precoder indication In an embodiment, for indication of 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix, separate encoding of rank indication and precoder indication could be applied. Precoders of one rank could be indicated by the TPMI field(s). In the DCI, the rank value for 8-port transmission could be indicated via newly added field(s) or via reusing/repurposing some existing field(s). The following notations are assumed: maxRank: the maximum number of layers in total (the maximum number of layers across both antenna groups), which could be configured by RRC. ^: the rank value indicated by DCI for 8-port transmission, 1 ≤ ^ ≤ abcTbde. TUV^,W: the maximum number of layers for TPMI field [ (or antenna group [), [ = ^0,1^. TUWX,W: the minimum number of layers for TPMI field [ (or antenna group [), [ = ^0,1^. T^,UV^,W: the maximum number of layers for TPMI field [ (or antenna group [) to deliver 8-port transmission with rank ^, [ = ^0,1^. T^,UWX,W: the minimum number of layers for TPMI field [ (or antenna group [) to deliver 8-port transmission with rank ^, [ = ^0,1^. QY,W: the number of 4-port precoders with rank-f for TPMI field [ (or antenna group [), where 0 < f ≤ 4, [ = ^0,1^. g^,W: the number of 4-port precoders for TPMI field [ (or antenna group [) to deliver 8- port transmission with rank ^, [ = ^0,1^, 1 ≤ ^ ≤ abcTbde. g^,W could be derived by: g^,W = ∑^h,\]^,_ YD^h,\_`,_ QY,W .
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000020_0002
length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = LMNO^Pmax (g^,W)RS, 1 ≤ ^ ≤ abcTbde. The length of the rank indication field could
Figure imgf000020_0003
⌈MNO^(abcTbde)⌉. In an example, the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T^,UV^,W, and the minimum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T^,UWX,W, could be pre-determined considering the rank combinations across antenna groups to be used, for example, as shown in Error! Reference source not found.. In another example, the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T^,UV^,W, and the minimum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), T^,UWX,W, could be configured by RRC. T^,UV^,W could be smaller than or equal to maxRank. In another example, the maximum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each antenna group), TUV^,W, and the minimum number of layers for each TPMI field (or each Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) antenna group), TUWX,W, could be configured by RRC. TUV^,W could be smaller than or equal to maxRank. Case D: In an embodiment, for rank T ∈ ^1,2,3,4^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ∈ ^5,6,7,8^, the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). When maxRank<=4 is configured, only one TPMI field could be configured. For example, the first TPMI field is configured and the second TPMI field is not present. When maxRank>4 is configured, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI. Alternatively, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank. Table 13 and Table 14 below shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 9. Table 13: Example of number of 4-port precoders for Case D: Rank-X Number of precoders in 1st Number of precoders in 2nd TPMI field (i=0) TPMI field (i=1)
Figure imgf000021_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 13: Example of TPMI field length for Case D: maxRank Length of 1st TPMI field Length of 2nd TPMI field (i=1) (i=0)
Figure imgf000022_0002
n a secon opt on, t e e se ect on antenna group se ect on s y some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection. In this case, the length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = 9MNO^ =1 + Pmax (g^,W)RFG , 1 ≤ ^ ≤ abcTbde. In a third option, the size of both
Figure imgf000022_0001
to maxRank, the possible rank combinations and the number of 4-port precoders to construct 8-port precoder with rank less than or equal to maxRank (or the second TPMI field is not present). In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group). Case E: In an embodiment, for rank T ∈ ^1^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ∈ ^2,3,4^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1) and Equation (2). For rank T ∈ ^5,6,7,8^, the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). When maxRank=1 is Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) configured, only one TPMI field could be configured. For example, the first TPMI field is configured and the second TPMI field is not present. When maxRank>=2 is configured, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI. Alternatively, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank. Table 14 and Table 15 shows an example of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 8. Table 14: Example of number of 4-port precoders for Case E: Rank-X Number of precoders in 1st Number of precoders in 2nd TPMI field (i=0) TPMI field (i=1)
Figure imgf000023_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 15: Example of TPMI field length for Case E: maxRank Length of 1st TPMI field Length of 2nd TPMI field (i=1) (i=0)
Figure imgf000024_0003
In a second option, the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection. In this case, the length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = 9MNO^ =1 + Pmax (g^,W)RFG , 1 ≤ ^ ≤ abcTbde. In a third
Figure imgf000024_0002
Figure imgf000024_0001
to maxRank, the possible rank combinations and the number of 4-port precoders to construct 8-port precoder with rank less than or equal to maxRank (or the second TPMI field is not present). In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group). Case F: In an embodiment, for rank T ∈ ^1^, the 8-port partial coherent precoder is generated by Equation (1). For rank T ∈ ^2,3,4,5,6,7,8^, the 8-port precoder is generated by Equation (2). Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) In the first option, separate field is used for TPMI field selection/antenna group selection/indication of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). When maxRank=1 is configured, only one TPMI field could be configured. For example, the first TPMI field is configured and the second TPMI field is not present. When maxRank>=2 is configured, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI. Alternatively, both TPMI fields are present in the DCI no matter the value of maxRank. Table 16 and Table 17 below show examples of the TPMI fields size determination considering the rank combinations as shown in Table 8. Table 16: Example of number of 4-port precoders for Case F: Rank-X Number of precoders in 1st Number of precoders in 2nd TPMI field (i=0) TPMI field (i=1)
Figure imgf000025_0001
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 17: Example of TPMI field length for Case F: maxRank Length of 1st TPMI field Length of 2nd TPMI field (i=1) (i=0)
Figure imgf000026_0003
In a second option, the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection is by some specific value/code point of the corresponding TPMI field. For example, one additional code point is used to indicate the TPMI field selection/antenna group selection. In this case, the length of TPMI field [ could be: JW = 9MNO^ =1 + Pmax (g^,W)RFG , 1 ≤ ^ ≤ abcTbde. In a third
Figure imgf000026_0002
Figure imgf000026_0001
to maxRank, the possible rank combinations and the number of 4-port precoders to construct 8-port precoder with rank less than or equal to maxRank (or the second TPMI field is not present). In another example, both TPMI fields have the same size when both fields are present. In a fourth option, both TPMI fields are always present and have the same size, no matter the maxRank value. In one example, the TPMI field size are determined according to max number layers of 4 for one TPMI field (or one antenna group). Partial coherent UE with 8Tx and four antenna groups (Ng=4) In an embodiment, for 8-Tx partial coherent UE with four antenna groups, the partial coherent codebook with 8 ports could be generated using 4Tx and/or 2Tx precoding matrix. In one option of the embodiment, the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ^ ∈ ^1,2,3,4^, ^^^^,^(^), could be generated according to Equation (3). In the equation, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) ^^,^^^,^(^) (size of 2 × 1) is a 2-port precoder with Rank-1 and ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^1) is a 4-port precoder with Rank ^1, and ^ = ^1. ^^^^,^(^) = ^^,^^^,^(^) ⊗ ^^,!^^,^(^^) (Equation 3) where ⊗ means Kronecker product operation. In some aspect, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1, and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank-^. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from ^$1 0%^ , $0 1%^^, then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be $^ ^,!^^,^(^^) 0%^ or $0 ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) %^ . Alternatively, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1, and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non- coherent 4-port precoder with rank-^. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from ^$1 1%^ , $1 −1%^ , $1 ^%^ , $1 −^%^^, then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be $^^,!^^,^(^^) &^^,!^^,^(^^)%^, where & could be ^1, −1, ^, −^^. In the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for
Figure imgf000027_0001
Rank ^ ∈ ^2,3,4,5,6,7,8^, ^^^^,^(^), could be generated according to Equation (4). In the equation, ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^1) and ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^2) are 4-port precoding matrix with Rank ^1 and ^2, respectively, and ^ = ^1 + ^2, wherein ^1 and ^2 are non- zero positive integers, and ^1 ≤ 4, ^2 ≤ 4. ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^) are 2-port precoder with Rank-1. ^^^^,^(^) = $^ ^,^^^,^(^) ⊗ ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) ^ ^,^^^,^(^) ⊗ ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) % (Equation 4)
Figure imgf000027_0002
In some aspect, ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1. ^^,!^^,^(^^) and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank-^1 and rank-^2, respectively. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $1 0%^ and ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $0 1%^. Then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would ^^^,!^^,^(^^) 0 ^.
Figure imgf000027_0003
Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Alternatively, ^^,^^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2- port precoder with rank-1. ^^,!^^,^(^^) and ^^,!^^,^(^^) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 4-port precoder with rank-^1 and rank-^2, respectively. For example, ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $1 &%^ and ^^,^^^,^(^) could be $1 −&%^, where & could be ^1, −1, ^, −^^. Then the 8-port precoder ^^^^,^(^) would be ^ ^ ^ ^,!^^,^(^^) ^,!^^,^(^^) &^^,!^^,^(^^) −&^^,!^^,^(^^) ^. PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, one
Figure imgf000028_0001
(^^,^^^,^(^)) and the other TPMI field indicates 4-port precoder (^^,!^^,^(^^)). Alternatively, in the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, each TPMI field indicate 4-port precoder (^^,!^^,^(^^), ^^,!^^,^(^^)). Another one or two field(s) could be used to indicator 2-port precoder (^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)). In another option, the value of ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)) could be pre- defined (for example, ^^,^^^,^(^) is $1 0%^ and ^^,^^^,^(^) is $0 1%^), or could be configured by RRC/MAC-CE. In this case, there is no need to indicate ^^,^^^,^(^) (or ^^,^^^,^(^) and ^^,^^^,^(^)) in DCI. In another embodiment, when generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups for rank-{2, 3, 4}, both equation (3) and Equation (4) can be used. Alternatively, either Equation (3) or Equation (4) is used. When generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups for rank-{2,3,4,5,6,7,8} using Equation (4), all the rank combinations between X1 and X2 are used. In another option, a subset of rank combinations between X1 and X2 is used. In another embodiment, for 8-Tx partial coherent UE with four antenna groups, the partial coherent codebook with 8 ports could be generated using 4Tx and/or 2Tx precoding matrix. In one option of the embodiment, the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank ^ ∈ ^1,2,3,4^, ^^^^,^(^), could be generated according to Equation (5). In the equation, ^^,^^^,^(^) (size of 2 × 1) is a 2-port precoder with Rank-1 and ^^,!^^,^(^^) (size of 4 × ^1) is a 4-port precoder with Rank ^1, and ^ = ^1. ^^^^,^(^) = ^^,!^^,^(^^) ⊗ ^^,^^^,^(^) (Equation 5) where ⊗ means Kronecker product operation. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) In some aspect, ^p,qrs,t(up) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 4-port precoder with rank-u, and vp,wrs,t(p) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full
Figure imgf000029_0001
coherent 2-port with rank-1. Alternatively, ^p,qrs,t(up) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank-u, and vp,wrs,t(p) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1. In another option of the embodiment, the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix for Rank u ∈ ^w, x, q, y, z, {, |^, ^|rs,t(u), could be generated according to Equation (6). In the equation, ^p,qrs,t(up) (size of q × up) and ^w,qrs,t(uw) (size of q × uw) are 4-port precoding matrix with Rank up and uw, respectively, and u = up + uw, wherein up and uw are non- zero positive integers, and up ≤ q, uw ≤ q. vp,wrs,t(p) and vw,wrs,t(p) are 2-port precoder with Rank-1. ^|rs,t(u) = $^ p,qrs,t(up) ⊗ v p,wrs,t(p) ^ w,qrs,t(uw) ⊗ v w,wrs,t(p) % (Equation 6)
Figure imgf000029_0002
In some aspect, ^p,qrs,t(up) and ^w,qrs,t(uw) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent and rank-uw, respectively. vp,wrs,t(up)
Figure imgf000029_0003
could be selected from all (or a subset of) the full coherent 2-port precoder with rank-1. Alternatively, ^p,qrs,t(up) and ^w,qrs,t(uw) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the partial coherent 4-port precoders with rank-up and rank-uw, respectively. vp,wrs,t(p) and vw,wrs,t(p) could be selected from all (or a subset of) the non-coherent 2-port precoders with rank-1. In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, one TPMI field indicates 2-port precoder (vp,wrs,t(p)) and the other TPMI field indicates 4-port precoder (^p,qrs,t(up)). Alternatively, in the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, two TPMI fields could be included, each TPMI field indicate 4-port precoder (^p,qrs,t(up), ^w,qrs,t(uw)). Another one or two field(s) could be used to indicator 2-port
Figure imgf000029_0004
(p)). In another option, the value of vp,wrs,t(p) (or vp,wrs,t(p) and vw,wrs,t(p)) could be pre- defined (for example, vp,wrs,t(p) is $p p%r and vw,wrs,t(p) is $p −p%r), or could be configured by RRC/MAC-CE. In this case, there is no need to indicate vp,wrs,t(p) (or vp,wrs,t(p) and vw,wrs,t(p)) in DCI. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) In another embodiment, when generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups for rank-{2, 3, 4}, both equation (5) and Equation (6) can be used. Alternatively, either Equation (5) or Equation (6) is used. When generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups for rank-{2,3,4,5,6,7,8} using Equation (6), all the rank combinations between X1 and X2 are used. In another option, a subset of rank combinations between X1 and X2 is used. In another embodiment, for 8-Tx partial coherent UE with four antenna groups, the partial coherent codebook with 8 ports could be generated using 4Tx and/or 2Tx precoding matrix. In one option of the embodiment, the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix ^|rs,t(u), could be generated according to Equation (7). ^|rs,t(u) = $^p,qrs,t(p) ⊗ vp,wrs,t(up) ^w,qrs,t(p) ⊗ vw,wrs,t(uw) ^x,qrs,t(p) ⊗ vx,wrs,t(ux) ^q,qrs,t(p) ⊗ vq,wrs,t(uq)%
Figure imgf000030_0001
means In the equation, vp,wrs,t(up), vw,wrs,t(uw), vx,wrs,t(ux), vq,wrs,t(uq) are a 2-port full coherent precoder with Rank up, uw, ux, uq, respectively, wherein u = up + uw + ux + uq, and the value of up, uw, ux, uq is less than or equal to 2 (value 0 could mean the corresponding 2-port matrix is set to all zero/the corresponding antenna group is not used). ^p,qrs,t(p), ^w,qrs,t(p), ^x,qrs,t(p), and ^q,qrs,t(p) are 4-port non-coherent precoder with rank-1. In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, four fields could be included, to indicate the 2-port precoder (vp,wrs,t(up), vw,wrs,t(uw), vx,wrs,t(ux), vq,wrs,t(uq)). Another four fields could be used to indicator 4-port precoder (^p,qrs,t(p), ^w,qrs,t(p), ^x,qrs,t(p), and ^q,qrs,t(p)). The field indicating 2-port indicator could correspond to one antenna group and the indicated 2-port precoder is applied to the antenna group. Another field (new field or reusing/repurposing existing field) could be used to indicate which antenna group(s) are selected to be used, for example, it could be a bitmap. Alternatively, some specific value or code point of the DCI field indicating the 2-port precoder could be used to indicate whether the antenna group/DCI field is used for 8-port precoder construction. In another option, the 8-port precoder generation could be via the following equation: Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) évp,wrs,t(up) ^ ^ ^ ^ v ^ ù ^ ê w,wrs,t(uw) ^ ú 8) In
Figure imgf000031_0001
(up), w,wrs,t(uw), x,wrs,t(ux), q,wrs,t(uq) coherent precoder with Rank up, uw, ux, uq, respectively, wherein u = up + uw + ux + uq, and the value of up, uw, ux, uq is less than or equal to 2 (value 0 could mean the corresponding 2-port matrix is set to all zero/the corresponding antenna group is not used). In the DCI format that schedules PUSCH, four fields could be included, to indicate the 2-port precoder (vp,wrs,t(up), vw,wrs,t(uw), vx,wrs,t(ux), vq,wrs,t(uq)). The field indicating 2- port precoder could correspond to one antenna group and the indicated 2-port precoder is applied to the antenna group. Another field (new field or reusing/repurposing existing field) could be used to indicate which antenna group(s) are selected to be used, for example, it could be a bitmap. Alternatively, some specific value or code point of the DCI field indicating the 2- port precoder could be used to indicate whether the antenna group/DCI field is used for 8-port precoder construction. In another embodiment, when generating the 8-port partial coherent precoding matrix with four antenna groups using Equation (7) or Equation (8), all the rank combinations among X1, X2, X3 and X4 are used. In another option, a subset of rank combinations among X1, X2, X3 and X4 are used. The above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations, processes, algorithms, etc., may exist, some of which are described in greater detail below. Example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures. FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment 100, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more UEs 120 and one or more RANs 102 (e.g., gNBs), which may communicate in accordance with 3GPP communication standards. The UE(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g., not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices. In some embodiments, the UEs 120 and the RANs 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of FIGs.3-6. One or more illustrative UE(s) 120 and/or RAN(s) 102 may be operable by one or more Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) user(s) 110. A UE may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable UE, a quality-of-service (QoS) UE, a dependent UE, and a hidden UE. The UE(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or RAN(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static device. For example, UE(s) 120 may include, a software enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a “carry small live large” (CSLL) device, an ultra mobile device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an “origami” device or computing device, a device that supports dynamically composable computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a set-top-box (STB), a blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digital video disc (DVD) player, a high definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a digital still camera (DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lamps, climate control, car components, household components, appliances, etc. may also be included in this list. As used herein, the term “Internet of Things (IoT) device” is used to refer to any object (e.g., an appliance, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and can transmit information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection. An IoT device may have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like. An IoT device Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) can have a particular set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light- emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet. For example, IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communications interface for communicating with the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network may be comprised of a combination of “legacy” Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.). Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126, 128), and UE(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired. The UE(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other with or without the RAN(s) 102. Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks. Further, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, cellular networks. In addition, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof. Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128) and RAN(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas. The one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126 and 128), and RAN(s) 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) communications antennas include cellular antennas, 3GPP family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi-omnidirectional antennas, or the like. The one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the UEs 120 and/or RAN(s) 102. Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network. Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions. Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors. Any of the UE(s) 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors. MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, in performing a given MIMO transmission, UE 120 and/or RAN(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming. Any of the UE 120 (e.g., UE 124, 126, 128), and RAN(s) 102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the UE(s) 120 and RAN(s) 102 to communicate with each other. The radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols. The radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more 3GPP protocols and using 3GPP bandwidths. The radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols. The radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband. In one or more embodiments, and with reference to FIG.1, one or more of the UEs 120 may exchange frames 140 with the RANs 102. The frames 140 may include UL and DL Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) frames, including PUSCH transmissions, signaling to configure PUSCH transmissions, and the like as described throughout the present disclosure. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting. FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 200 for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. At block 202, a device (e.g., the gNB 316 of FIG.3) may generate a TPMI index for a precoding of a PUSCH transmission using eight ports. At block 204, the device may provide signaling (e.g., using DCI or other signaling), including the TPMI index, to a UE device for the UE device to use in precoding the PUSCH transmission. At block 206, the device may identify the PUSCH transmission received from the UE device. The PUSCH transmission may be precoded based on the TPMI index provided to the UE device. These embodiments are not meant to be limiting. FIG.3 illustrates a network 300 in accordance with various embodiments. The network 300 may operate in a manner consistent with 3GPP technical specifications for LTE or 5G/NR systems. However, the example embodiments are not limited in this regard and the described embodiments may apply to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems, or the like. The network 300 may include a UE 302, which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN 304 via an over-the-air connection. The UE 302 may be communicatively coupled with the RAN 304 by a Uu interface. The UE 302 may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc. In some embodiments, the network 300 may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface. The UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc. In some embodiments, the UE 302 may additionally communicate with an AP 306 via an over-the-air connection. The AP 306 may manage a WLAN connection, which may serve to offload some/all network traffic from the RAN 304. The connection between the UE 302 and the AP 306 may be consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 306 could be a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router. In some embodiments, the UE 302, RAN 304, and AP 306 may utilize cellular-WLAN aggregation (for example, LWA/LWIP). Cellular-WLAN aggregation may involve the UE 302 being configured by the RAN 304 to utilize both cellular radio resources and WLAN resources. The RAN 304 may include one or more access nodes, for example, AN 308. AN 308 may terminate air-interface protocols for the UE 302 by providing access stratum protocols including RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and L1 protocols. In this manner, the AN 308 may enable data/voice connectivity between CN 320 and the UE 302. In some embodiments, the AN 308 may be implemented in a discrete device or as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of, for example, a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN or virtual baseband unit pool. The AN 308 be referred to as a BS, gNB, RAN node, eNB, ng- eNB, NodeB, RSU, TRxP, TRP, etc. The AN 308 may be a macrocell base station or a low power base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells. In embodiments in which the RAN 304 includes a plurality of ANs, they may be coupled with one another via an X2 interface (if the RAN 304 is an LTE RAN) or an Xn interface (if the RAN 304 is a 5G RAN). The X2/Xn interfaces, which may be separated into control/user plane interfaces in some embodiments, may allow the ANs to communicate information related to handovers, data/context transfers, mobility, load management, interference coordination, etc. The ANs of the RAN 304 may each manage one or more cells, cell groups, component carriers, etc. to provide the UE 302 with an air interface for network access. The UE 302 may be simultaneously connected with a plurality of cells provided by the same or different ANs of the RAN 304. For example, the UE 302 and RAN 304 may use carrier aggregation to allow the UE 302 to connect with a plurality of component carriers, each corresponding to a Pcell or Scell. In dual connectivity scenarios, a first AN may be a master node that provides an MCG and a second AN may be secondary node that provides an SCG. The first/second ANs may be any combination of eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, etc. The RAN 304 may provide the air interface over a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) spectrum. To operate in the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may use LAA, eLAA, and/or feLAA mechanisms based on CA technology with PCells/Scells. Prior to accessing the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may perform medium/carrier-sensing operations based on, for example, a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol. In V2X scenarios the UE 302 or AN 308 may be or act as a RSU, which may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable AN or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE. An RSU implemented in or by: a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU”; an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU”; a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU”; and the like. In one example, an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located on a roadside that provides connectivity support to passing vehicle UEs. The RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry to store intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, as well as applications/software to sense and control ongoing vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The RSU may provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as crash avoidance, traffic warnings, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU may provide other cellular/WLAN communications services. The components of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) to a traffic signal controller or a backhaul network. In some embodiments, the RAN 304 may be an LTE RAN 310 with eNBs, for example, eNB 312. The LTE RAN 310 may provide an LTE air interface with the following characteristics: SCS of 15 kHz; CP-OFDM waveform for DL and SC-FDMA waveform for UL; turbo codes for data and TBCC for control; etc. The LTE air interface may rely on CSI- RS for CSI acquisition and beam management; PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH/PDCCH demodulation; and CRS for cell search and initial acquisition, channel quality measurements, and channel estimation for coherent demodulation/detection at the UE. The LTE air interface may operating on sub-6 GHz bands. In some embodiments, the RAN 304 may be an NG-RAN 314 with gNBs, for example, gNB 316, or ng-eNBs, for example, ng-eNB 318. The gNB 316 may connect with 5G-enabled UEs using a 5G NR interface. The gNB 316 may connect with a 5G core through an NG interface, which may include an N2 interface or an N3 interface. The ng-eNB 318 may also connect with the 5G core through an NG interface, but may connect with a UE via an LTE air interface. The gNB 316 and the ng-eNB 318 may connect with each other over an Xn interface. In some embodiments, the NG interface may be split into two parts, an NG user plane Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the nodes of the NG-RAN 314 and a UPF 348 (e.g., N3 interface), and an NG control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the nodes of the NG-RAN 314 and an AMF 344 (e.g., N2 interface). The NG-RAN 314 may provide a 5G-NR air interface with the following characteristics: variable SCS; CP-OFDM for DL, CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL; polar, repetition, simplex, and Reed-Muller codes for control and LDPC for data. The 5G-NR air interface may rely on CSI-RS, PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS similar to the LTE air interface. The 5G-NR air interface may not use a CRS, but may use PBCH DMRS for PBCH demodulation; PTRS for phase tracking for PDSCH; and tracking reference signal for time tracking. The 5G- NR air interface may operating on FR1 bands that include sub-6 GHz bands or FR2 bands that include bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The 5G-NR air interface may include an SSB that is an area of a downlink resource grid that includes PSS/SSS/PBCH. In some embodiments, the 5G-NR air interface may utilize BWPs for various purposes. For example, BWP can be used for dynamic adaptation of the SCS. For example, the UE 302 can be configured with multiple BWPs where each BWP configuration has a different SCS. When a BWP change is indicated to the UE 302, the SCS of the transmission is changed as well. Another use case example of BWP is related to power saving. In particular, multiple BWPs can be configured for the UE 302 with different amount of frequency resources (for example, PRBs) to support data transmission under different traffic loading scenarios. A BWP containing a smaller number of PRBs can be used for data transmission with small traffic load while allowing power saving at the UE 302 and in some cases at the gNB 316. A BWP containing a larger number of PRBs can be used for scenarios with higher traffic load. The RAN 304 is communicatively coupled to CN 320 that includes network elements to provide various functions to support data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (for example, users of UE 302). The components of the CN 320 may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes. In some embodiments, NFV may be utilized to virtualize any or all of the functions provided by the network elements of the CN 320 onto physical compute/storage resources in servers, switches, etc. A logical instantiation of the CN 320 may be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN 320 may be referred to as a network sub-slice. In some embodiments, the CN 320 may be an LTE CN 322, which may also be referred to as an EPC. The LTE CN 322 may include MME 324, SGW 326, SGSN 328, HSS 330, PGW 332, and PCRF 334 coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the LTE CN 322 may be briefly introduced as follows. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) The MME 324 may implement mobility management functions to track a current location of the UE 302 to facilitate paging, bearer activation/deactivation, handovers, gateway selection, authentication, etc. The SGW 326 may terminate an S1 interface toward the RAN and route data packets between the RAN and the LTE CN 322. The SGW 326 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. The SGSN 328 may track a location of the UE 302 and perform security functions and access control. In addition, the SGSN 328 may perform inter-EPC node signaling for mobility between different RAT networks; PDN and S-GW selection as specified by MME 324; MME selection for handovers; etc. The S3 reference point between the MME 324 and the SGSN 328 may enable user and bearer information exchange for inter-3GPP access network mobility in idle/active states. The HSS 330 may include a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities’ handling of communication sessions. The HSS 330 can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc. An S6a reference point between the HSS 330 and the MME 324 may enable transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the LTE CN 320. The PGW 332 may terminate an SGi interface toward a data network (DN) 336 that may include an application/content server 338. The PGW 332 may route data packets between the LTE CN 322 and the data network 336. The PGW 332 may be coupled with the SGW 326 by an S5 reference point to facilitate user plane tunneling and tunnel management. The PGW 332 may further include a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection (for example, PCEF). Additionally, the SGi reference point between the PGW 332 and the data network 336 may be an operator external public, a private PDN, or an intra-operator packet data network, for example, for provision of IMS services. The PGW 332 may be coupled with a PCRF 334 via a Gx reference point. The PCRF 334 is the policy and charging control element of the LTE CN 322. The PCRF 334 may be communicatively coupled to the app/content server 338 to determine appropriate QoS and charging parameters for service flows. The PCRF 332 may provision associated rules into a PCEF (via Gx reference point) with appropriate TFT and QCI. In some embodiments, the CN 320 may be a 5GC 340. The 5GC 340 may include an AUSF 342, AMF 344, SMF 346, UPF 348, NSSF 350, NEF 352, NRF 354, PCF 356, UDM Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) 358, and AF 360 coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the 5GC 340 may be briefly introduced as follows. The AUSF 342 may store data for authentication of UE 302 and handle authentication- related functionality. The AUSF 342 may facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types. In addition to communicating with other elements of the 5GC 340 over reference points as shown, the AUSF 342 may exhibit an Nausf service-based interface. The AMF 344 may allow other functions of the 5GC 340 to communicate with the UE 302 and the RAN 304 and to subscribe to notifications about mobility events with respect to the UE 302. The AMF 344 may be responsible for registration management (for example, for registering UE 302), connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception of AMF-related events, and access authentication and authorization. The AMF 344 may provide transport for SM messages between the UE 302 and the SMF 346, and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages. AMF 344 may also provide transport for SMS messages between UE 302 and an SMSF. AMF 344 may interact with the AUSF 342 and the UE 302 to perform various security anchor and context management functions. Furthermore, AMF 344 may be a termination point of a RAN CP interface, which may include or be an N2 reference point between the RAN 304 and the AMF 344; and the AMF 344 may be a termination point of NAS (N1) signaling, and perform NAS ciphering and integrity protection. AMF 344 may also support NAS signaling with the UE 302 over an N3 IWF interface. The SMF 346 may be responsible for SM (for example, session establishment, tunnel management between UPF 348 and AN 308); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP function; configuring traffic steering at UPF 348 to route traffic to proper destination; termination of interfaces toward policy control functions; controlling part of policy enforcement, charging, and QoS; lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI system); termination of SM parts of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiating AN specific SM information, sent via AMF 344 over N2 to AN 308; and determining SSC mode of a session. SM may refer to management of a PDU session, and a PDU session or “session” may refer to a PDU connectivity service that provides or enables the exchange of PDUs between the UE 302 and the data network 336. The UPF 348 may act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point of interconnect to data network 336, and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU session. The UPF 348 may also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane part of policy rules, lawfully Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) intercept packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS handling for a user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL/DL rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic verification (e.g., SDF-to-QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering. UPF 348 may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network. The NSSF 350 may select a set of network slice instances serving the UE 302. The NSSF 350 may also determine allowed NSSAI and the mapping to the subscribed S-NSSAIs, if needed. The NSSF 350 may also determine the AMF set to be used to serve the UE 302, or a list of candidate AMFs based on a suitable configuration and possibly by querying the NRF 354. The selection of a set of network slice instances for the UE 302 may be triggered by the AMF 344 with which the UE 302 is registered by interacting with the NSSF 350, which may lead to a change of AMF. The NSSF 350 may interact with the AMF 344 via an N22 reference point; and may communicate with another NSSF in a visited network via an N31 reference point (not shown). Additionally, the NSSF 350 may exhibit an Nnssf service-based interface. The NEF 352 may securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions for third party, internal exposure/re-exposure, AFs (e.g., AF 360), edge computing or fog computing systems, etc. In such embodiments, the NEF 452 may authenticate, authorize, or throttle the AFs. NEF 352 may also translate information exchanged with the AF 360 and information exchanged with internal network functions. For example, the NEF 352 may translate between an AF-Service-Identifier and an internal 5GC information. NEF 352 may also receive information from other NFs based on exposed capabilities of other NFs. This information may be stored at the NEF 352 as structured data, or at a data storage NF using standardized interfaces. The stored information can then be re-exposed by the NEF 352 to other NFs and AFs, or used for other purposes such as analytics. Additionally, the NEF 352 may exhibit an Nnef service-based interface. The NRF 354 may support service discovery functions, receive NF discovery requests from NF instances, and provide the information of the discovered NF instances to the NF instances. NRF 354 also maintains information of available NF instances and their supported services. As used herein, the terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like may refer to the creation of an instance, and an “instance” may refer to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. Additionally, the NRF 354 may exhibit the Nnrf service-based interface. The PCF 356 may provide policy rules to control plane functions to enforce them, and may also support unified policy framework to govern network behavior. The PCF 356 may Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) also implement a front end to access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a UDR of the UDM 358. In addition to communicating with functions over reference points as shown, the PCF 356 exhibit an Npcf service-based interface. The UDM 358 may handle subscription-related information to support the network entities’ handling of communication sessions, and may store subscription data of UE 302. For example, subscription data may be communicated via an N8 reference point between the UDM 358 and the AMF 344. The UDM 358 may include two parts, an application front end and a UDR. The UDR may store subscription data and policy data for the UDM 358 and the PCF 356, and/or structured data for exposure and application data (including PFDs for application detection, application request information for multiple UEs 302) for the NEF 352. The Nudr service-based interface may be exhibited by the UDR to allow the UDM 358, PCF 356, and NEF 352 to access a particular set of the stored data, as well as to read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notification of relevant data changes in the UDR. The UDM may include a UDM-FE, which is in charge of processing credentials, location management, subscription management and so on. Several different front ends may serve the same user in different transactions. The UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification handling, access authorization, registration/mobility management, and subscription management. In addition to communicating with other NFs over reference points as shown, the UDM 358 may exhibit the Nudm service-based interface. The AF 360 may provide application influence on traffic routing, provide access to NEF, and interact with the policy framework for policy control. In some embodiments, the 5GC 340 may enable edge computing by selecting operator/3rd party services to be geographically close to a point that the UE 302 is attached to the network. This may reduce latency and load on the network. To provide edge-computing implementations, the 5GC 340 may select a UPF 348 close to the UE 302 and execute traffic steering from the UPF 348 to data network 336 via the N6 interface. This may be based on the UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by the AF 360. In this way, the AF 360 may influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing. Based on operator deployment, when AF 360 is considered to be a trusted entity, the network operator may permit AF 360 to interact directly with relevant NFs. Additionally, the AF 360 may exhibit an Naf service-based interface. The data network 336 may represent various network operator services, Internet access, or third party services that may be provided by one or more servers including, for example, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) application/content server 338. FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a wireless network 400 in accordance with various embodiments. The wireless network 400 may include a UE 402 in wireless communication with an AN 404. The UE 402 and AN 404 may be similar to, and substantially interchangeable with, like-named components described elsewhere herein. The UE 402 may be communicatively coupled with the AN 404 via connection 406. The connection 406 is illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols such as an LTE protocol or a 5G NR protocol operating at mmWave or sub-6GHz frequencies. The UE 402 may include a host platform 408 coupled with a modem platform 410. The host platform 408 may include application processing circuitry 412, which may be coupled with protocol processing circuitry 414 of the modem platform 410. The application processing circuitry 412 may run various applications for the UE 402 that source/sink application data. The application processing circuitry 412 may further implement one or more layer operations to transmit/receive application data to/from a data network. These layer operations may include transport (for example UDP) and Internet (for example, IP) operations The protocol processing circuitry 414 may implement one or more of layer operations to facilitate transmission or reception of data over the connection 406. The layer operations implemented by the protocol processing circuitry 414 may include, for example, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC and NAS operations. The modem platform 410 may further include digital baseband circuitry 416 that may implement one or more layer operations that are “below” layer operations performed by the protocol processing circuitry 414 in a network protocol stack. These operations may include, for example, PHY operations including one or more of HARQ-ACK functions, scrambling/descrambling, encoding/decoding, layer mapping/de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol/bit metric determination, multi-antenna port precoding/decoding, which may include one or more of space-time, space-frequency or spatial coding, reference signal generation/detection, preamble sequence generation and/or decoding, synchronization sequence generation/detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions. The modem platform 410 may further include transmit circuitry 418, receive circuitry 420, RF circuitry 422, and RF front end (RFFE) 424, which may include or connect to one or more antenna panels 426. Briefly, the transmit circuitry 418 may include a digital-to-analog converter, mixer, intermediate frequency (IF) components, etc.; the receive circuitry 420 may Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) include an analog-to-digital converter, mixer, IF components, etc.; the RF circuitry 422 may include a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, power tracking components, etc.; RFFE 424 may include filters (for example, surface/bulk acoustic wave filters), switches, antenna tuners, beamforming components (for example, phase-array antenna components), etc. The selection and arrangement of the components of the transmit circuitry 418, receive circuitry 420, RF circuitry 422, RFFE 424, and antenna panels 426 (referred generically as “transmit/receive components”) may be specific to details of a specific implementation such as, for example, whether communication is TDM or FDM, in mmWave or sub-6 gHz frequencies, etc. In some embodiments, the transmit/receive components may be arranged in multiple parallel transmit/receive chains, may be disposed in the same or different chips/modules, etc. In some embodiments, the protocol processing circuitry 414 may include one or more instances of control circuitry (not shown) to provide control functions for the transmit/receive components. A UE reception may be established by and via the antenna panels 426, RFFE 424, RF circuitry 422, receive circuitry 420, digital baseband circuitry 416, and protocol processing circuitry 414. In some embodiments, the antenna panels 426 may receive a transmission from the AN 404 by receive-beamforming signals received by a plurality of antennas/antenna elements of the one or more antenna panels 426. A UE transmission may be established by and via the protocol processing circuitry 414, digital baseband circuitry 416, transmit circuitry 418, RF circuitry 422, RFFE 424, and antenna panels 426. In some embodiments, the transmit components of the UE 404 may apply a spatial filter to the data to be transmitted to form a transmit beam emitted by the antenna elements of the antenna panels 426. Similar to the UE 402, the AN 1004 may include a host platform 428 coupled with a modem platform 430. The host platform 428 may include application processing circuitry 432 coupled with protocol processing circuitry 434 of the modem platform 430. The modem platform may further include digital baseband circuitry 436, transmit circuitry 438, receive circuitry 440, RF circuitry 442, RFFE circuitry 444, and antenna panels 446. The components of the AN 404 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with like-named components of the UE 402. In addition to performing data transmission/reception as described above, the components of the AN 408 may perform various logical functions that include, for example, RNC functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management, and data packet scheduling. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically, FIG.5 shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 500 including one or more processors (or processor cores) 510, one or more memory/storage devices 520, and one or more communication resources 530, each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 540 or other interface circuitry. For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor 502 may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources 500. The processors 510 may include, for example, a processor 512 and a processor 514. The processors 510 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those discussed herein), or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices 520 may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices 520 may include, but are not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc. The communication resources 530 may include interconnection or network interface controllers, components, or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 504 or one or more databases 506 or other network elements via a network 508. For example, the communication resources 530 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via USB, Ethernet, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. Instructions 550 may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors 510 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions 550 may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors 510 (e.g., within the processor’s cache memory), the memory/storage devices 520, or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions 550 may be transferred to the hardware resources 500 from any Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) combination of the peripheral devices 504 or the databases 506. Accordingly, the memory of processors 510, the memory/storage devices 520, the peripheral devices 504, and the databases 506 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media. FIG. 6 illustrates a network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. The network 600 may operate in a matter consistent with 3GPP technical specifications or technical reports for 6G systems. In some examples, the network 600 may operate concurrently with network 300. For example, in some examples, the network 600 may share one or more frequency or bandwidth resources with network 600. As one specific example, a UE (e.g., UE 302) may be configured to operate in both network 600 and network 300. Such configuration may be based on a UE including circuitry configured for communication with frequency and bandwidth resources of both networks 300 and 600. In general, several elements of network 600 may share one or more characteristics with elements of network 300. For the sake of brevity and clarity, such elements may not be repeated in the description of network 600. The network 600 may include a UE 602, which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN 608 via an over-the-air connection. The UE 602 may be similar to, for example, UE 302. The UE 602 may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc. Although not specifically shown in Figure 6, in some examples the network 600 may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface. The UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc. Similarly, although not specifically shown in Figure 6, the UE 602 may be communicatively coupled with an AP such as AP 306 as described with respect to Figure 3. Additionally, although not specifically shown in Figure 6, in some examples the RAN 608 may include one or more ANs such as AN 308 as described with respect to Figure 6. The RAN 608 and/or the AN of the RAN 608 may be referred to as a base station (BS), a RAN node, or using some other term or name. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) The UE 602 and the RAN 608 may be configured to communicate via an air interface that may be referred to as a sixth generation (6G) air interface. The 6G air interface may include one or more features such as communication in a terahertz (THz) or sub-THz bandwidth, or joint communication and sensing. As used herein, the term “joint communication and sensing” may refer to a system that allows for wireless communication as well as radar-based sensing via various types of multiplexing. As used herein, THz or sub- THz bandwidths may refer to communication in the 80 GHz and above frequency ranges. Such frequency ranges may additionally or alternatively be referred to as “millimeter wave” or “mmWave” frequency ranges. The RAN 608 may allow for communication between the UE 602 and a 6G core network (CN) 610. Specifically, the RAN 608 may facilitate the transmission and reception of data between the UE 602 and the 6G CN 610. The 6G CN 610 may include various functions such as NSSF 350, NEF 352, NRF 354, PCF 356, UDM 358, AF 360, SMF 346, and AUSF 342. The 6G CN 610 may additional include UPF 348 and DN 336 as shown in Figure 6. Additionally, the RAN 608 may include various additional functions that are in addition to, or alternative to, functions of a legacy cellular network such as a 4G or 5G network. Two such functions may include a Compute Control Function (Comp CF) 624 and a Compute Service Function (Comp SF) 636. The Comp CF 624 and the Comp SF 636 may be parts or functions of the Computing Service Plane. Comp CF 624 may be a control plane function that provides functionalities such as management of the Comp SF 636, computing task context generation and management (e.g., create, read, modify, delete), interaction with the underlaying computing infrastructure for computing resource management, etc. Comp SF 636 may be a user plane function that serves as the gateway to interface computing service users (such as UE 602) and computing nodes behind a Comp SF instance. Some functionalities of the Comp SF 636 may include: parse computing service data received from users to compute tasks executable by computing nodes; hold service mesh ingress gateway or service API gateway; service and charging policies enforcement; performance monitoring and telemetry collection, etc. In some examples, a Comp SF 636 instance may serve as the user plane gateway for a cluster of computing nodes. A Comp CF 624 instance may control one or more Comp SF 636 instances. Two other such functions may include a Communication Control Function (Comm CF) 628 and a Communication Service Function (Comm SF) 638, which may be parts of the Communication Service Plane. The Comm CF 628 may be the control plane function for managing the Comm SF 638, communication sessions creation/configuration/releasing, and Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) managing communication session context. The Comm SF 638 may be a user plane function for data transport. Comm CF 628 and Comm SF 638 may be considered as upgrades of SMF 346 and UPF 348, which were described with respect to a 5G system in Figure 3. The upgrades provided by the Comm CF 628 and the Comm SF 638 may enable service-aware transport. For legacy (e.g., 4G or 5G) data transport, SMF 346 and UPF 348 may still be used. Two other such functions may include a Data Control Function (Data CF) 622 and Data Service Function (Data SF) 632 may be parts of the Data Service Plane. Data CF 622 may be a control plane function and provides functionalities such as Data SF 632 management, Data service creation/configuration/releasing, Data service context management, etc. Data SF 632 may be a user plane function and serve as the gateway between data service users (such as UE 602 and the various functions of the 6G CN 610) and data service endpoints behind the gateway. Specific functionalities may include: parse data service user data and forward to corresponding data service endpoints, generate charging data, report data service status. Another such function may be the Service Orchestration and Chaining Function (SOCF) 620, which may discover, orchestrate and chain up communication/computing/data services provided by functions in the network. Upon receiving service requests from users, SOCF 620 may interact with one or more of Comp CF 624, Comm CF 628, and Data CF 622 to identify Comp SF 636, Comm SF 638, and Data SF 632 instances, configure service resources, and generate the service chain, which could contain multiple Comp SF 636, Comm SF 638, and Data SF 632 instances and their associated computing endpoints. Workload processing and data movement may then be conducted within the generated service chain. The SOCF 620 may also responsible for maintaining, updating, and releasing a created service chain. Another such function may be the service registration function (SRF) 614, which may act as a registry for system services provided in the user plane such as services provided by service endpoints behind Comp SF 636 and Data SF 632 gateways and services provided by the UE 602. The SRF 614 may be considered a counterpart of NRF 354, which may act as the registry for network functions. Other such functions may include an evolved service communication proxy (eSCP) and service infrastructure control function (SICF) 626, which may provide service communication infrastructure for control plane services and user plane services. The eSCP may be related to the service communication proxy (SCP) of 5G with user plane service communication proxy capabilities being added. The eSCP is therefore expressed in two parts: eCSP-C 612 and eSCP- U 634, for control plane service communication proxy and user plane service communication Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) proxy, respectively. The SICF 626 may control and configure eCSP instances in terms of service traffic routing policies, access rules, load balancing configurations, performance monitoring, etc. Another such function is the AMF 644. The AMF 644 may be similar to 344, but with additional functionality. Specifically, the AMF 644 may include potential functional repartition, such as move the message forwarding functionality from the AMF 644 to the RAN 608. Another such function is the service orchestration exposure function (SOEF) 618. The SOEF may be configured to expose service orchestration and chaining services to external users such as applications. The UE 602 may include an additional function that is referred to as a computing client service function (comp CSF) 604. The comp CSF 604 may have both the control plane functionalities and user plane functionalities, and may interact with corresponding network side functions such as SOCF 620, Comp CF 624, Comp SF 636, Data CF 622, and/or Data SF 632 for service discovery, request/response, compute task workload exchange, etc. The Comp CSF 604 may also work with network side functions to decide on whether a computing task should be run on the UE 602, the RAN 608, and/or an element of the 6G CN 610. The UE 602 and/or the Comp CSF 604 may include a service mesh proxy 606. The service mesh proxy 606 may act as a proxy for service-to-service communication in the user plane. Capabilities of the service mesh proxy 606 may include one or more of addressing, security, load balancing, and/or the like. FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of artificial (AI)-assisted communication between a user equipment and a radio access network, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 7 depicts an example artificial (AI)-assisted communication architecture. More specifically, as described in further detail below, AI/machine learning (ML) models may be used or leveraged to facilitate over-the-air communication between UE 705 and RAN 710. In this example, the UE 705 and the RAN 710 operate in a matter consistent with 3GPP technical specifications and/or technical reports for 6G systems. In some examples, the wireless cellular communication between the UE 705 and the RAN 710 may be part of, or operate concurrently with, networks 300, 600, and/or some other network described herein. The UE 705 may be similar to, and share one or more features with, UE 302, UE 602, and/or some other UE described herein. The UE 705 may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc. The RAN 710 may be similar to, and share one or more features with, RAN 314, RAN 608, and/or some other RAN described herein. As may be seen in Figure 7, the AI-related elements of UE 705 may be similar to the AI-related elements of RAN 710. For the sake of discussion herein, description of the various elements will be provided from the point of view of the UE 705, however it will be understood that such discussion or description will apply to equally named/numbered elements of RAN 710, unless explicitly stated otherwise. As previously noted, the UE 705 may include various elements or functions that are related to AI/ML. Such elements may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, and/or some combination thereof. In examples, one or more of the elements may be implemented as part of the same hardware (e.g., chip or multi-processor chip), software (e.g., a computing program), or firmware as another element. One such element may be a data repository 715. The data repository 715 may be responsible for data collection and storage. Specifically, the data repository 715 may collect and store RAN configuration parameters, measurement data, performance key performance indicators (KPIs), model performance metrics, etc., for model training, update, and inference. More generally, collected data is stored into the repository. Stored data can be discovered and extracted by other elements from the data repository 715. For example, as may be seen, the inference data selection/filter element 750 may retrieve data from the data repository 715. In various examples, the UE 705 may be configured to discover and request data from the data repository 715 in the RAN, and vice versa. More generally, the data repository 715 of the UE 705 may be communicatively coupled with the data repository 715 of the RAN 710 such that the respective data repositories of the UE and the RAN may share collected data with one another. Another such element may be a training data selection/filtering functional block 720. The training data selection/filter functional block 720 may be configured to generate training, validation, and testing datasets for model training. Training data may be extracted from the data repository 715. Data may be selected/filtered based on the specific AI/ML model to be trained. Data may optionally be transformed/augmented/pre-processed (e.g., normalized) Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) before being loaded into datasets. The training data selection/filter functional block 720 may label data in datasets for supervised learning. The produced datasets may then be fed into model training the model training functional block 725. As noted above, another such element may be the model training functional block 725. This functional block may be responsible for training and updating(re-training) AI/ML models. The selected model may be trained using the fed-in datasets (including training, validation, testing) from the training data selection/filtering functional block. The model training functional block 725 may produce trained and tested AI/ML models which are ready for deployment. The produced trained and tested models can be stored in a model repository 735. The model repository 735 may be responsible for AI/ML models’ (both trained and un- trained) storage and exposure. Trained/updated model(s) may be stored into the model repository 735. Model and model parameters may be discovered and requested by other functional blocks (e.g., the training data selection/filter functional block 720 and/or the model training functional block 725). In some examples, the UE 705 may discover and request AI/ML models from the model repository 735 of the RAN 710. Similarly, the RAN 710 may be able to discover and/or request AI/ML models from the model repository 735 of the UE 705. In some examples, the RAN 710 may configure models and/or model parameters in the model repository 735 of the UE 705. Another such element may be a model management functional block 740. The model management functional block 740 may be responsible for management of the AI/ML model produced by the model training functional block 725. Such management functions may include deployment of a trained model, monitoring model performance, etc. In model deployment, the model management functional block 740 may allocate and schedule hardware and/or software resources for inference, based on received trained and tested models. As used herein, “inference” refers to the process of using trained AI/ML model(s) to generate data analytics, actions, policies, etc. based on input inference data. In performance monitoring, based on wireless performance KPIs and model performance metrics, the model management functional block 740 may decide to terminate the running model, start model re-training, select another model, etc. In examples, the model management functional block 740 of the RAN 710 may be able to configure model management policies in the UE 705 as shown. Another such element may be an inference data selection/filtering functional block 750. The inference data selection/filter functional block 750 may be responsible for generating datasets for model inference at the inference functional block 745, as described below. Specifically, inference data may be extracted from the data repository 715. The inference data Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) selection/filter functional block 750 may select and/or filter the data based on the deployed AI/ML model. Data may be transformed/augmented/pre-processed following the same transformation/augmentation/pre-processing as those in training data selection/filtering as described with respect to functional block 720. The produced inference dataset may be fed into the inference functional block 745. Another such element may be the inference functional block 745. The inference functional block 745 may be responsible for executing inference as described above. Specifically, the inference functional block 745 may consume the inference dataset provided by the inference data selection/filtering functional block 750, and generate one or more outcomes. Such outcomes may be or include data analytics, actions, policies, etc. The outcome(s) may be provided to the performance measurement functional block 730. The performance measurement functional block 730 may be configured to measure model performance metrics (e.g., accuracy, model bias, run-time latency, etc.) of deployed and executing models based on the inference outcome(s) for monitoring purpose. Model performance data may be stored in the data repository 715. The following examples pertain to further embodiments. For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device. The device may be either mobile or stationary. As used within this document, the term “communicate” is intended to include Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed. The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit, which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a common object, merely indicates that different instances of like objects are being referred to and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner. The term “access point” (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards. Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on- board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like. Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth ^, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks. Various embodiments are described below. Example 1 may include a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, the gNB device comprising processing circuitry coupled to storage for storing information associated with the configuring, the processing circuitry configured to: generate a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; provide signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identify the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Example 2 may include the gNB device of example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the UE device is partially coherent and comprises two antenna groups. Example 3 may include the gNB device of example 1 or example 2 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer. Example 4 may include the gNB device of example 1 or example 2 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-port precoder, and based on a second Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-port precoding matrix, wherein the first two-port precoder with one layer and the second two-port precoder with one layer are selected from non-coherent two-port precoders with one layer or from fully coherent two- port precoders with one layer, and wherein the first four-port precoding matrix and the second four-port precoding matrix are selected from fully coherent four-port precoders or from partially coherent four-port precoders. Example 5 may include the gNB device of example 4 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on two antenna groups using at least two layers. Example 6 may include the gnB device of example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) for two antenna groups. Example 7 may include the gnB device of example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the UE device is partially coherent and comprises four antenna groups. Example 8 may include the gnB device of example 7 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on at least one of a first Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a first four- by-X2 four-port precoder, a fourth Kronecker product operation of a of a four-by-X1 four- port precoder and a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer, or a fifth Kronecker product operation of a second four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-by-X2 four-port precoder and a fourth two-port precoder with one layer. Example 9 may include the gnB device of example 7 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a second four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder. Example 10 may include the gnB device of example 7 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries. Example 11 may include a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions to cause processing circuitry of a user equipment (UE) device for precoding physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, upon execution of the instructions by the processing circuitry, to: identify, from a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, signaling comprising a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; generate a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index; and encode the PUSCH transmission based on the precoding matrix. Example 12 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four- port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer. Example 13 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-port precoder, and based on a second Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-port precoding matrix, wherein the first two-port precoder with one layer and the second two-port precoder with one layer are selected from non-coherent two- port precoders with one layer or from fully coherent two-port precoders with one layer, and wherein the first four-port precoding matrix and the second four-port precoding matrix are selected from fully coherent four-port precoders or from partially coherent four-port precoders. Example 14 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on at least one of a first Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X2 four- port precoder, a fourth Kronecker product operation of a of a four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer, or a fifth Kronecker product operation of a second four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-by-X2 four-port precoder and a fourth two-port precoder with one layer. Example 15 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two- port fully coherent precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a second four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder. Example 16 may include the computer-readable storage medium of example 11 and/or any other example herein, wherein the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries. Example 17 may include a method for co physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, the method comprising: configuring, by processing circuitry of a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; providing, by the processing circuitry, signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identifying, by the processing circuitry, the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index. Example 18 may include the method of example 17 and/or any other example herein, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer. Example 19 may include an apparatus comprising means for: configuring, by a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; providing signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identifying the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index. Example 20 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or any other method or process described herein. Example 21 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or any other method or process described herein. Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Example 22 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or portions or parts thereof. Example 23 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-19, or portions thereof. Example 24 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein. Example 25 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. Example 26 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well. The dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims. The subject- matter which can be claimed comprises not only the combinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of the embodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of the attached claims. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments. Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flow diagrams, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) respectively, may be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some implementations. These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special-purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. As an example, certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions. Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation. Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will be apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a complex PLD (CPLD), a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD), a structured ASIC, or a programmable SoC), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry. The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, and/or transferring digital data. Processing circuitry may include one or more processing cores to execute instructions and one or more memory structures to store program and data information. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, a physical central processing unit (CPU), a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) a quad-core processor, and/or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, and/or functional processes. Processing circuitry may include more hardware accelerators, which may be microprocessors, programmable processing devices, or the like. The one or more hardware accelerators may include, for example, computer vision (CV) and/or deep learning (DL) accelerators. The terms “application circuitry” and/or “baseband circuitry” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, “processor circuitry.” The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I/O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, and/or the like. The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. The term “network element” as used herein refers to physical or virtualized equipment and/or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous to and/or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, router, switch, hub, bridge, radio network controller, RAN device, RAN node, gateway, server, virtualized VNF, NFVI, and/or the like. The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices and/or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing and/or networking resources. The term “appliance,” “computer appliance,” or the like, as used herein refers to a computer device or computer system with program code (e.g., software or firmware) that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource. A “virtual appliance” is a Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) virtual machine image to be implemented by a hypervisor-equipped device that virtualizes or emulates a computer appliance or otherwise is dedicated to provide a specific computing resource. The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, and/or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor/CPU time, processor/CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input/output operations, ports or network sockets, channel/link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, and/or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by physical hardware element(s). A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices/systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing and/or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable. The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with and/or equivalent to “communications channel,” “data communications channel,” “transmission channel,” “data transmission channel,” “access channel,” “data access channel,” “link,” “data link,” “carrier,” “radiofrequency carrier,” and/or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices through a RAT for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. The terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like as used herein refers to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. The terms “coupled,” “communicatively coupled,” along with derivatives thereof are used herein. The term “coupled” may mean two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with one another, may mean that two or more elements indirectly contact each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, and/or may mean that one or more Attorney Docket No.: AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) other elements are coupled or connected between the elements that are said to be coupled with each other. The term “directly coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct contact with one another. The term “communicatively coupled” may mean that two or more elements may be in contact with one another by a means of communication including through a wire or other interconnect connection, through a wireless communication channel or link, and/or the like. The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. Unless used differently herein, terms, definitions, and abbreviations may be consistent with terms, definitions, and abbreviations defined in 3GPP TR 21.905 v16.0.0 (2019-06) and/or any other 3GPP standard. For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations (shown in Table 18) may apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein.
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) Table 18: Abbreviations 3GPP Third Generation IBE In-Band Emission PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Partnership Project Channel 4G Fourth Generation IEEE Institute of Electrical QAM Quadrature Amplitude er e TI , st on rk e io p
Figure imgf000065_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) BFD Beam Failure Detection ISO International RLC Radio Link Control, Organisation for Radio Link Control Standardisation layer ed ng el r er me g,
Figure imgf000066_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) CIR Carrier to Interference LLC Logical Link Control, S1-MMES1 for the control plane Ratio Low Layer Compatibility k nt C p ol
Figure imgf000067_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) CRI Channel-State Information MDAF Management Data SDNF Structured Data Resource Indicator, CSI- Analytics Function Storage Network RS Resource Indicator Function n me ce er ort t t ce
Figure imgf000068_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) DN Data network MSI Minimum System SMTC SSB-based Information, MCH Measurement Timing Scheduling Configuration nal nal nal nal nal nal nal nal e o nal
Figure imgf000069_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) EES Edge Enabler Server NFVO NFV Orchestrator SSSIF Search Space Set Indicator EESID Edge Enabler Server NG Next Generation, Next SST Slice/Service Types k up ty e tor x ple te
Figure imgf000070_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) F1AP F1 Application Protocol NSSF Network Slice TPMI Transmitted Precoding Selection Function Matrix Indicator F1-C F1 Control plane interface NW Network TR Technical Report
Figure imgf000071_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) G-RNTI GERAN Radio Network PDCP Packet Data URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Temporary Identity Convergence Protocol, Latency Packet Data rk ot n g er e- l ck
Figure imgf000072_0001
Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile PRG Physical resource WiMAX Worldwide Network block group Interoperability for Microwave Access n ea
Figure imgf000073_0001

Claims

Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A user equipment (UE) device for precoding physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, the UE device comprising processing circuitry coupled to storage for storing information associated with the precoding, the processing circuitry configured to: identify, from a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, signaling comprising a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; generate a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index; and encode the PUSCH transmission based on the precoding matrix. 2. The UE device of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four- port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer. 3. The UE device of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-port precoder, and based on a second Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-port precoding matrix, wherein the first two-port precoder with one layer and the second two-port precoder with one layer are selected from non-coherent two-port precoders with one layer or from fully coherent two-port precoders with one layer, and wherein the first four-port precoding matrix and the second four-port precoding matrix are selected from fully coherent four-port precoders or from partially coherent four-port precoders. 4. The UE device of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix is based on at least one of a first Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third Kronecker Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X2 four- port precoder, a fourth Kronecker product operation of a of a four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer, or a fifth Kronecker product operation of a second four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-by-X2 four-port precoder and a fourth two-port precoder with one layer. 5. The UE device of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a second four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder. 6. The UE device of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries. 7. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions to cause processing circuitry of a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device for configuring physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, upon execution of the instructions by the processing circuitry, to: generate a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; provide signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and identify the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index. 8. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the UE device is partially coherent and comprises two antenna groups. Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) 9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four- port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer. 10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-port precoder, and based on a second Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-port precoding matrix, wherein the first two-port precoder with one layer and the second two-port precoder with one layer are selected from non-coherent two-port precoders with one layer or from fully coherent two-port precoders with one layer, and wherein the first four-port precoding matrix and the second four-port precoding matrix are selected from fully coherent four-port precoders or from partially coherent four-port precoders. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on two antenna groups using at least two layers. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) for two antenna groups. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the UE device is partially coherent and comprises four antenna groups. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on at least one of a Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) first Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a first two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third Kronecker product operation of a second two-port precoder with one layer and a first four-by-X2 four- port precoder, a fourth Kronecker product operation of a of a four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer, or a fifth Kronecker product operation of a second four-by-X1 four-port precoder and a third two-port precoder with one layer and a second four-by-X2 four-port precoder and a fourth two-port precoder with one layer. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a first Kronecker product operation of a first four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second Kronecker product operation of a second four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth four-port non-coherent precoder with one layer and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix comprises a first two-port fully coherent precoder, a second two-port fully coherent precoder, a third two-port fully coherent precoder, and a fourth two-port fully coherent precoder as diagonal entries, and zeroes for all other entries. 17. A method for co physical uplink shared control channel (PUSCH) transmissions with eight ports, the method comprising: configuring, by processing circuitry of a Next Generation Node B (gNB) device, a transcoder precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index indicative of a codebook for a precoding a physical uplink shared communication channel (PUSCH) transmission using eight antenna ports; providing, by the processing circuitry, signaling to a user equipment (UE) device, the signaling comprising the TPMI index; and Attorney Docket No. AF1976-PCT (31517-3365) identifying, by the processing circuitry, the PUSCH transmission, wherein the PUSCH transmission is received from the UE device and is precoded based on the TPMI index. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the PUSCH transmission is precoded using an eight-port partial coherent precoder using a precoding matrix based on the TPMI index, wherein the precoding matrix is based on a Kronecker product operation of a two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer and a four-by-X1 four-port precoder with one layer or from a partially coherent four-port precoder, and wherein the two-by-one two-port precoder with one layer is selected from a fully coherent four-port precoder or from a fully coherent two-port precoder with one layer. 19. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions to perform the method of any of claims 17 or 18. 20. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 17 or 18.
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