WO2024148679A1 - 安全壳热量导出系统 - Google Patents

安全壳热量导出系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024148679A1
WO2024148679A1 PCT/CN2023/081974 CN2023081974W WO2024148679A1 WO 2024148679 A1 WO2024148679 A1 WO 2024148679A1 CN 2023081974 W CN2023081974 W CN 2023081974W WO 2024148679 A1 WO2024148679 A1 WO 2024148679A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeve
stage
steam
removal system
containment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/081974
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邢继
孙中宁
孟兆明
边浩志
张楠
丁铭
郭泽华
赵斌
李丽娟
于沛
王广飞
马惠昀
侯婷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Harbin Engineering University
Original Assignee
China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Harbin Engineering University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd, Harbin Engineering University filed Critical China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Priority to GB2405099.9A priority Critical patent/GB2635424A/en
Publication of WO2024148679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024148679A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor safety, and in particular to a containment heat removal system.
  • the containment is the last physical safety barrier of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant. Maintaining its integrity and preventing the leakage of large amounts of radioactive materials in the event of an accident is crucial to ensuring the safety of the nuclear power plant.
  • a major accident such as a major rupture in the primary circuit or a rupture in the secondary circuit main steam pipeline occurs in a nuclear power plant, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure steam is released into the containment, causing the temperature and pressure inside the containment to rise rapidly, exposing the containment to the risk of overpressure damage and large-scale uncontrollable release of radioactive materials, which in turn poses a serious threat to the surrounding environment and personnel safety.
  • the closed system is generally composed of internal heat exchangers, external heat exchangers, cooling water tanks, connecting pipes and valves to form a closed natural circulation loop.
  • the open system is generally composed of internal heat exchangers, cooling water tanks, connecting pipes and valves to form an open natural circulation loop. This type of scheme has fewer heat transfer links, simple structure, and relatively high heat removal capacity. In these open system schemes, there are risks such as steam hammer vibration, two-phase flow excitation, and flow stagnation, which bring great difficulties to engineering applications.
  • Patent 201410126253.3 sets several outlets with valves in the part of the system riser located in the water tank.
  • the opening and closing of the valves are realized by the measurement and control system.
  • the purpose is to Eliminate the adverse effects of water tank water level.
  • this solution lacks feasibility in wet engineering environments with drastic water level fluctuations, especially when a power outage occurs, the measurement and control system will fail, and accordingly, the valve will not be able to open and close normally. Dealing with such accident scenarios is the basic starting point for the configuration of a passive containment heat removal system for the new generation of nuclear power systems.
  • Patents 202110361911.7 and 201580075448.2 overcome the shortcomings of designs such as steam hammer vibration, but there are still problems such as the static pressure of the water level in the water tank significantly reducing the natural circulation capacity of the system, and the concentration and accumulation of non-condensable gases outside the heat transfer tubes of the internal heat exchanger significantly increasing the thermal resistance of heat transfer.
  • the heat dissipation capacity of the system restricted by these shortcomings can only meet the needs of responding to reactor beyond-baseline accidents.
  • the patent also does not disclose the detailed structure of important equipment in the system.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a containment heat removal system to eliminate the risks of steam hammer vibration, two-phase flow excitation and flow stagnation, and eliminate the adverse effects of the coolant tank level, effectively reduce the degree of accumulation of non-condensable gases outside the heat exchanger heat transfer tubes, significantly increase the working fluid flow rate between the heat transfer tubes, and thereby greatly improve the heat removal capacity of the system, so that it has the ability to cope with reactor benchmark accidents.
  • the present invention provides a containment heat removal system, comprising a heat exchanger arranged inside the containment, a coolant tank and a steam collecting device arranged in the coolant tank, the heat exchanger is communicated with the medium in the coolant tank, the medium in the heat exchanger absorbs the heat of the containment, and is discharged into the coolant tank through the steam collecting device, and the medium in the coolant tank returns to the heat exchanger.
  • the steam collecting device includes exhaust valve assemblies corresponding to different liquid levels in the coolant tank.
  • the exhaust valve assembly is configured to automatically open under its own force when the liquid level decreases, at least Part of the medium entering the steam collecting device enters the coolant tank through the exhaust valve assembly to balance the static pressure difference between the inside and outside of the steam collecting device and increase the system circulation driving force at low liquid level.
  • the steam collecting device includes a steam collecting pipe and a multi-stage sleeve sleeved on the steam collecting pipe.
  • the multi-stage sleeves are distributed along the liquid level height direction.
  • the first-stage sleeve in the multi-stage sleeves is located at the bottom, and the number of stages increases successively along the liquid level height.
  • Each sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve can move axially along the steam collecting pipe as the liquid level height changes, and it is configured that when the liquid level height drops, the multi-stage sleeves move downward in sequence from high level to low level.
  • a multi-stage exhaust port is provided in the height direction of the steam collecting pipe, and the multi-stage exhaust port is arranged corresponding to the multi-stage sleeve.
  • the exhaust port and the sleeve are combined to form an exhaust valve assembly.
  • the multi-stage sleeve moves downward in sequence from high level to low level so that the multi-stage exhaust port is opened in sequence from high level to low level.
  • a plurality of limiters are sleeved on the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe, and the limiters are distributed along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe to divide the steam collecting pipe axially into a plurality of independent areas, and the multi-stage sleeves are respectively arranged in each independent area.
  • each sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve is independent of each other and corresponds to different liquid level heights.
  • each sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve is surrounded to form a hollow cavity, and the buoyancy of the hollow cavity in the coolant tank is greater than the gravity of the sleeve.
  • the inner diameter of the upper stage sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the lower stage sleeve, adjacent sleeves are nested together, and the upper stage sleeve can move along the outer wall of the lower stage sleeve.
  • first positioning portion which is sleeved on the outer side of the steam collecting pipe and defines the highest position of the multi-stage sleeve to prevent the multi-stage sleeve from being separated from the steam collecting pipe from the upper part thereof.
  • a steam exhaust area is defined above the first positioning portion along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe, and a reinforcement ring is provided on the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe corresponding to the steam exhaust area to enhance the stability of the steam collecting pipe.
  • the maximum axial length of the multi-stage sleeve along the steam collecting pipe is not less than the axial length of the exhaust region along the steam collecting pipe, so that the multi-stage sleeve can completely cover each exhaust port within the length range of the steam collecting pipe.
  • a fourth positioning portion which is sleeved on the outer side of the steam collecting pipe and limits the lowest position of the multi-stage sleeve to prevent the multi-stage sleeve from detaching from the steam collecting pipe from the lower part.
  • a second positioning portion is provided at the top of each sleeve stage, and the second positioning portions of adjacent sleeves are in contact with each other to prevent the upper sleeve stage from being separated from the bottom of the lower sleeve stage.
  • a third positioning portion is provided at the bottom of each level of sleeve, and the third positioning portion of the upper level sleeve contacts the second positioning portion of the lower level sleeve to prevent the upper level sleeve from separating from the lower level sleeve when moving upward.
  • the inner diameter of the second positioning portion is equal to the outer diameter of the steam collecting pipe, and the outer diameter of the second positioning portion is equal to the inner diameter of the upper-stage sleeve.
  • the inner diameter of the third positioning portion is equal to the outer diameter of the next-stage sleeve.
  • the outer diameter of the first positioning portion is equal to the inner diameter of the primary sleeve.
  • it also includes a guide cover, which is sleeved on the outside of the multi-stage sleeve.
  • a drain port is provided at the bottom of the deflector cover, and the cooling medium in the deflector cover is discharged through the drain port, thereby reducing the disturbance to the liquid level.
  • a steam-water separation hood is provided on the top of the steam collecting pipe, and the steam-water separation hood separates steam and water from the steam-water mixture flowing out of the steam collecting pipe outlet.
  • a support column which supports the steam-water separation hood so that the steam-water separation hood and the guide hood maintain a predetermined distance.
  • the heat exchanger includes a first heat transfer tube bundle and a second heat transfer tube bundle, and the first heat transfer tube bundle and the second heat transfer tube bundle are distributed in a mirror-symmetrical manner.
  • the heat exchanger also includes a distribution manifold and a junction manifold.
  • the first heat transfer tube bundle is connected to the distribution manifold and the junction manifold
  • the second heat transfer tube bundle is connected to the distribution manifold and the junction manifold.
  • the medium enters the first heat transfer tube bundle and/or the second heat transfer tube bundle through the distribution manifold and flows out of the heat exchanger through the junction manifold.
  • the second heat transfer tube bundle and the first heat transfer tube bundle are symmetrically arranged on both axial sides of the distribution manifold and/or the junction manifold, and the second heat transfer tube bundle, the first heat transfer tube bundle, the distribution manifold and the junction manifold are surrounded to form a hollow area, and the medium is accelerated in the hollow area.
  • the distribution header and the junction box are arranged horizontally, and the openings of the distribution header and the junction box are arranged on the same side.
  • the first heat transfer tube bundle and/or the second heat transfer tube bundle includes multiple heat transfer tube rows, which are arranged in parallel. A pressure difference is formed between the heat transfer tube rows close to the hollow area and the heat transfer tube rows far from the hollow area, thereby accelerating the flow of the medium.
  • the heat transfer tube row includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes, and the plurality of heat transfer tubes are arranged along the axial direction of the distribution header and/or the merging header.
  • the heat transfer pipe includes a first pipe section, a second pipe section and an intermediate pipe section connecting the first pipe section and the second pipe section.
  • the first pipe section is connected to the junction box, and the second pipe section is connected to the distribution box.
  • the length of the first pipe section is smaller than the length of the second pipe section.
  • the included angle between the second pipe section and the middle pipe section is 60-80°.
  • the spacing between adjacent heat transfer tubes is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the heat transfer tubes.
  • the heat exchanger includes a supporting baffle, which is arranged between the heat transfer tubes and is perpendicular to the middle tube section of the heat transfer tubes.
  • the ascending pipe section connects the junction box and the coolant tank
  • the descending pipe section connects the coolant tank and the distribution junction box.
  • the steam collecting device used in the containment heat removal system of the present invention can not only completely eliminate the risks of steam hammer vibration, two-phase flow excitation and flow stagnation in the steam-liquid two-phase flow stage, but also can automatically balance the static pressure difference between the inside and outside of the steam collecting pipe in a passive manner, thereby eliminating the adverse effect of the coolant tank level on the natural circulation flow of the passive containment heat removal system.
  • the heat exchanger used in the containment heat extraction system of the present invention not only significantly reduces the flow resistance without increasing the difficulty of manufacturing the heat exchanger, but also has a compact structure, and the heat transfer inside and outside the heat transfer tube is significantly enhanced, making it an efficient heat exchanger with small flow resistance and strong heat exchange capacity.
  • the present invention significantly enhances the flow stability and natural circulation capacity of the system by optimizing the configuration of the containment heat removal system, greatly improves the heat removal power level of the passive containment heat removal system, and enables it to have the ability to cope with reactor benchmark accidents.
  • the heat extraction system of the containment in the present invention is simple in composition, the steam collecting device is easy to disassemble and assemble, and the system has strong stability.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a containment heat removal system according to the present invention.
  • FIG2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a steam collecting device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG3 shows a front view of the overall structure of the heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG4 shows a side view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG5 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tube arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a single heat exchange tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG7 shows the variation trend of the heat removal power of the heat exchanger according to the containment pressure in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG8 shows a graph showing the pressure trend over time in the containment vessel under a hypothetical reactor accident according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a steam collecting device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG10 shows a schematic diagram of the multi-stage sleeve structure in the steam collecting device of Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG11 shows a top view of a steam collecting device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG12 shows a schematic diagram of the positioning structure of the steam collecting device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the positioning structure located at the upper and lower parts of the sleeve in the steam collecting device of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • the above drawings include the following reference numerals: 20. heat exchanger; 30. coolant tank; 40. steam collecting device; 480. exhaust valve assembly; 410. Steam collecting pipe; 415, stopper; 420, sleeve; 460, exhaust port; 416, first positioning part; 411, reinforcement ring; 418, fourth positioning part; 422, second positioning part; 424, third positioning part; 430, deflector; 431, drain port; 440, steam-water separation cover; 450, support column; 230, first heat transfer tube bundle; 240, second heat transfer tube bundle; 210, distribution manifold; 220, confluence manifold; 234, heat transfer tube row; 2342, heat transfer tube; 2344, first pipe section; 2346, second pipe section; 2348, middle pipe section; 260, support partition; 50, ascending pipe section; 60, descending pipe section.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • installed e.g., it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • “plurality” means two or more.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the containment heat removal system comprises a heat exchanger 20 disposed inside the containment, a coolant tank 30, and a steam collecting device 40 disposed in the coolant tank 30, and the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the medium in the coolant tank 30.
  • the medium in the heat exchanger 20 absorbs the heat of the containment, and is discharged into the coolant tank 30 through the steam collecting device 40, and the medium in the coolant tank 30 returns to the heat exchanger 20, forming a circulation loop.
  • the present application proposes a steam collecting device to eliminate the adverse effects of the drop in the liquid level.
  • the steam collecting device 40 includes a steam exhaust valve assembly 480 corresponding to different liquid level heights of the coolant tank 30.
  • the steam exhaust valve assembly 480 is configured to automatically open under the action of its own force when the liquid level height decreases, and at least a portion of the medium entering the steam collecting device 40 enters the coolant tank 30 through the steam exhaust valve assembly 480 to balance the static pressure difference between the inside and outside of the steam collecting device 40 and increase the system circulation driving force at low liquid level heights.
  • the force acting on the steam exhaust valve assembly 480 itself mainly includes the buoyancy and self-weight of the steam exhaust valve assembly in the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium in the present application includes but is not limited to water medium.
  • the steam collecting device 40 is a cylindrical structure, including a steam collecting pipe 410 and a multi-stage sleeve 420 sleeved on the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the multi-stage sleeve 420 is distributed along the liquid level height direction.
  • the first-stage sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve is located at the bottom, and the number of stages increases successively along the liquid level height.
  • Each sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve 420 can move axially along the steam collecting pipe 410 as the liquid level changes, and is configured so that when the liquid level drops, the multi-stage sleeve moves downward in sequence from high to low.
  • the steam collecting pipe 410 is provided with multi-stage exhaust ports in the height direction, and the multi-stage exhaust ports are arranged correspondingly to the multi-stage sleeves.
  • the exhaust port 460 and the sleeve 420 are combined to form an exhaust valve assembly 480.
  • the multi-stage sleeve 420 moves downward in sequence from high level to low level so that the multi-stage exhaust port 460 is opened in sequence from high level to low level.
  • the buoyancy of the cooling medium on the sleeve is greater than its own weight, so the sleeve completely covers the exhaust port, and the steam-water mixture entering the steam collecting pipe is discharged from the top;
  • the buoyancy on the sleeve decreases due to the decrease in the liquid level in the coolant tank, and its own weight is greater than the buoyancy, so at least one sleeve moves downward along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe, so that at least one exhaust port is opened, and at least part of the steam-water mixture entering the steam collecting pipe is discharged from the exhaust port.
  • the steam collecting device proposed in the present application utilizes the change in the buoyancy of the sleeve with the liquid level to achieve axial movement of the sleeve along the steam collecting pipe, thereby controlling the automatic opening and closing of the exhaust port, ensuring the heat dissipation capacity of the system under low liquid level and promoting the natural circulation of the system.
  • a plurality of stoppers 415 are sleeved on the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe 410, and the stoppers 415 are distributed along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe 410, dividing the steam collecting pipe 410 axially into multiple independent areas, and each sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve 420 is independent of each other and is respectively arranged in each independent area, corresponding to different liquid level heights, in response to changes in the liquid level height of the cooling medium.
  • the stopper 415 limits the maximum displacement of the sleeve moving up and down to prevent the sleeve from detaching from the steam collecting pipe.
  • the stopper 415 in the present application includes but is not limited to a baffle structure.
  • the remaining sleeves will repeat the action of the uppermost sleeve in turn, and automatically adjust the opening and closing state of the exhaust port in a passive manner.
  • it can avoid the occurrence of destructive steam hammer vibration and two-phase flow excitation, and at the same time eliminate the adverse effect of the liquid level in the coolant tank 30 on the natural circulation of the system, prevent the occurrence of natural circulation flow stagnation, and significantly improve the natural circulation flow and flow stability of the system.
  • each sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve 420 is surrounded to form a hollow cavity, and the buoyancy of the hollow cavity in the coolant tank 30 is greater than the gravity of the sleeve.
  • the steam collecting device further includes a guide cover 430, which is sleeved on the outside of the multi-stage sleeve 420.
  • the guide cover 430 is arranged concentrically with the steam collecting pipe 410 to avoid the impact of the liquid level change in the coolant tank on the coolant tank.
  • a drain port 431 is provided at the bottom of the guide cover 430.
  • the steam-water mixture enters the guide cover 430, causing the liquid level to rise.
  • the cooling medium in the guide cover 430 is discharged through the drain port 431, reducing the disturbance of the steam-water mixture on the coolant tank liquid level and ensuring the natural circulation driving stability of the system.
  • a steam-water separation cover 440 is provided on the top of the steam collecting pipe 410, and the steam-water separation cover 440 separates steam and water from the steam-water mixture flowing out of the outlet of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the separated liquid phase enters the guide cover 430 to avoid excessive impact load on the coolant tank caused by the high-speed fluid at the upper outlet of the steam collecting pipe, and to reduce the entrainment loss of the liquid phase by the steam flow.
  • the steam-water separation cover 440 is an arc-shaped structure.
  • the steam collecting device further includes a support column 450 , which supports the steam-water separation cover 440 .
  • the present application innovatively designs the heat exchanger structure so that multiple enhanced heat transfer effects are coupled with each other.
  • the heat exchanger 20 includes a first heat transfer tube bundle 230 and a second heat transfer tube bundle 240 , and the first heat transfer tube bundle 230 and the second heat transfer tube bundle 240 are distributed in a mirror-symmetrical manner.
  • the heat exchanger 20 also includes a distribution manifold 210, a junction manifold 220, a first heat transfer tube bundle 230 connected to the distribution manifold 210 and the junction manifold 220, and a second heat transfer tube bundle 240 connected to the distribution manifold 210 and the junction manifold 220.
  • the medium enters the first heat transfer tube bundle 230 and/or the second heat transfer tube bundle 240 through the distribution manifold 210, and flows out of the heat exchanger 20 through the junction manifold 220.
  • the second heat transfer tube bundle 240 and the first heat transfer tube bundle 230 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial direction of the distribution header 210 and/or the junction header 220.
  • the second heat transfer tube bundle 240, the first heat transfer tube bundle 230, the distribution header 210 and the junction header 220 are surrounded to form a hollow area, and the medium is accelerated in the hollow area.
  • the non-condensable gas entering the upper part of the heat transfer tube bundle flows vertically downward under the action of gravity, forming a relatively high-density fluid acceleration zone in the hollow barrel area of the heat exchanger, so that the steam-air mixture can eventually sweep across the lower pipe section of the heat transfer tube bundle at a higher flow rate, thereby further strengthening the condensation heat transfer outside the tube of the heat exchanger.
  • the distribution manifold 210 and the junction manifold 220 in the heat exchanger are arranged horizontally, so that the steam containing a large amount of non-condensable gas on the outside of the heat exchanger can enter the heat transfer tube bundle area relatively smoothly to cause condensation heat exchange; and the openings of the distribution manifold 210 and the junction manifold 220 are arranged on the same side, which can not only minimize the eddy current loss at the inlet/outlet of the heat exchanger and improve the heat exchange capacity, but also facilitate the connection of the heat exchanger with other components.
  • the distribution manifold 210 and the junction manifold 220 both adopt a tube structure with a head at one end and an inlet/outlet at the other end.
  • the medium in the heat exchanger The flow path inside is "U" shaped, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of flow distribution between heat transfer tubes, reduce the flow resistance of the heat exchanger and improve the heat exchange capacity.
  • the first heat transfer tube bundle 230 and/or the second heat transfer tube bundle 240 in the present application includes a plurality of heat transfer tube rows 234, and the plurality of heat transfer tube rows 234 are arranged in parallel.
  • the total number of tube rows in the present embodiment is 3 to 5 rows.
  • the heat transfer tube row 234 includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes 2342, and the plurality of heat transfer tubes 2342 are arranged along the axial direction of the distribution header 210 and/or the junction header 220.
  • adjacent heat transfer tubes form pitches a and b, and in this embodiment, the pitches a and b may be the same or different, and the heat transfer tube pitch is preferably 2 to 3 times the heat transfer tube diameter, wherein a is preferably 2 times the heat transfer tube diameter, and b is preferably 3 times the heat transfer tube diameter.
  • the heat exchanger of the present application is composed of unequal-sided C-type heat transfer tubes.
  • the heat transfer tube 2342 includes a first tube section 2344, a second tube section 2346, and an intermediate tube section 2348 connecting the first tube section 2344 and the second tube section 2346.
  • the first tube section 2344 is connected to the junction box 220, and the second tube section 2346 is connected to the distribution box 210.
  • the length of the first tube section 2344 is less than the length of the second tube section 2346.
  • the angle between the second tube section 2346 and the intermediate tube section 2348 is 60-80°.
  • the end face of the heat exchanger presents a trapezoidal structure and the axial direction presents a polygonal hollow structure.
  • the non-condensable gas entering the first pipe section 2344 and the middle pipe section 2348 flows vertically downward under the action of gravity, forming a fluid acceleration zone with relatively high density in the hollow area of the heat exchanger, so that the steam-air mixture can eventually sweep across the second pipe section 2346 at a higher flow rate, thereby further enhancing the condensation heat transfer of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 20 in the present application is further provided with a supporting baffle 260 , which is disposed between the heat transfer tubes 2342 and is perpendicular to the middle tube section 2348 of the heat transfer tube 2342 .
  • the support baffle 260 plays a role in supporting the heat transfer tube bundle to prevent flow excitation of the heat transfer tube.
  • the support baffle 260 plays a role in diverting and diverting the condensate outside the tube and the non-condensable gas gathered near the tube wall, so as to reduce the thickness of the condensate film and the non-condensable gas film, thereby reducing the heat transfer resistance and enhancing the heat transfer effect.
  • the heat exchanger in the present application includes a plurality of support baffles 260, and the support baffles 260 are in the shape of long narrow strips, and the spacing between adjacent flow-guiding support baffles is preferably greater than 0.5m.
  • the containment heat removal system further includes an ascending pipe section 50 and a descending pipe section 60, wherein the ascending pipe section 50 is connected to the manifold 220 and the coolant tank 30, and the descending pipe section 60 is connected to the coolant tank 30 and the distribution manifold 210.
  • the descending pipe section 60, the ascending pipe section 50 and the heat exchanger 20 constitute the main flow resistance components of the containment heat removal system, and the proportion of each flow resistance should be reasonably allocated during design to avoid excessive proportion of one or two resistances, and the diameter of the ascending pipe section 50 should preferably be larger than that of the descending pipe section 60, so that the loop will not have insufficient natural circulation capacity due to excessive flow resistance, thereby reducing the heat removal capacity of the system.
  • the containment heat extraction system also includes isolation valves located in the riser section 50 and the downcomer section 60, respectively. Under normal circumstances, these valves remain open. When a leak occurs in the pipeline or equipment inside the containment in the containment heat extraction system, the isolation valve is closed to maintain the integrity of the containment pressure boundary and prevent the radioactive material in the containment from leaking into the external environment.
  • the heat exchanger 20 is installed on the inner wall of the containment, above the operating platform.
  • the coolant tank 30 is arranged outside the containment at a higher position than the heat exchanger 20, so that a sufficient height difference is maintained between the two.
  • the upper end of the downcomer 60 is connected to the outlet of the coolant tank 30, and the lower end is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 20.
  • the upper end of the upcomer 50 is connected to the inlet of the coolant tank 30, and the lower end is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 20.
  • the steam collecting device 40 is installed inside the coolant tank 30, and the cooling
  • the liquid tank 30 is connected to the outlet of the riser section 50 through a flange at the bottom.
  • the isolation valves on the downcomer section 60 and the riser section 50 are both arranged outside the containment.
  • the coolant in the coolant tank 30 flows into the tube side of the heat exchanger 20 through the downcomer 60, and the steam in the containment condenses on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube of the heat exchanger 20.
  • the released latent heat of vaporization is transferred to the coolant in the heat transfer tube, causing the temperature to rise continuously during the flow.
  • the cooling medium with increased temperature enters the upcomer 50 until it flows back to the coolant tank 30.
  • the flow of the medium fluid in the system is driven only by the density difference of the medium fluid in the downcomer 60 and the upcomer 50. There is no external power input, and it is in a natural circulation flow state.
  • the system When the temperature of the cooling medium in the coolant tank is low, the system is in a single-phase natural circulation state, and the decay heat in the containment is introduced into the coolant tank 30.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium in the coolant tank 30 rises to the saturation temperature under the local pressure, the system enters a two-phase natural circulation state, and the generated steam-water mixture is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust hole on the coolant tank 30, realizing passive heat extraction.
  • the system of the present invention ensures that the pressure in the containment can drop to less than half of the design pressure (0.52MPa absolute pressure) within 24 hours after the accident, and remain stable for a long time, meeting the requirements for responding to benchmark accidents, while the system based on the prior art can only control the pressure in the containment to fluctuate around 0.35MPa, which only meets the needs of responding to beyond the design benchmark accident.
  • the containment heat removal system proposed in this embodiment achieves the following technical effects:
  • the steam collecting device used in the containment heat removal system of the present invention can not only completely eliminate the risks of steam hammer vibration, two-phase flow excitation and flow stagnation in the steam-liquid two-phase flow stage, but also can automatically balance the static pressure difference between the inside and outside of the steam collecting pipe in a passive manner, thereby eliminating the adverse effect of the coolant tank level on the natural circulation flow of the passive containment heat removal system.
  • the heat exchanger used in the containment heat extraction system of the present invention not only significantly reduces the flow resistance without increasing the difficulty of manufacturing the heat exchanger, but also has a compact structure, and the heat transfer inside and outside the heat transfer tube is significantly enhanced, making it an efficient heat exchanger with small flow resistance and strong heat exchange capacity.
  • the present invention significantly enhances the flow stability and natural circulation capacity of the system by optimizing the configuration of the containment heat removal system, greatly improves the heat removal power level of the passive containment heat removal system, and enables it to have the ability to cope with reactor benchmark accidents.
  • the heat extraction system of the containment in the present invention is simple in composition, the steam collecting device is easy to disassemble and assemble, and the system has strong stability.
  • the containment heat removal system in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1.
  • the sleeve 420 and the exhaust port 460 located on the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe 410 constitute an exhaust valve assembly 480.
  • the difference lies in that, as shown in FIG10 and FIG11 , in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the upper sleeve in the multi-stage sleeve 420 is larger than the outer diameter of the lower sleeve, and adjacent sleeves 420 are nested together, and the upper sleeve can move along the outer wall of the lower sleeve.
  • the present application proposes a steam collecting device limiting structure.
  • the steam collecting device includes a first positioning portion 416, which is sleeved on the outside of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the first positioning portion 416 defines the highest position of the multi-stage sleeve to prevent the multi-stage sleeve from being separated from the steam collecting pipe 410 from the upper part of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the first positioning portion 416 is located in the lower area of the steam collecting pipe.
  • the first positioning portion 416 is welded to the outside of the steam collecting pipe 410, and the first positioning portion 416 is an annular structure.
  • the outer diameter of the first positioning portion 416 is equal to the inner diameter of the first sleeve.
  • An exhaust area is defined above the first positioning portion 416 along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe 410 .
  • a reinforcement ring 411 is provided on the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe 410 corresponding to the exhaust area to enhance the stability of the steam collecting pipe 410 .
  • the steam collecting device also includes a fourth positioning portion 418, which is sleeved on the outside of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the fourth positioning portion 418 limits the lowest position of the multi-stage sleeve 420 to prevent the multi-stage sleeve 420 from detaching from the steam collecting pipe 410 from the lower part of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the fourth positioning portion 418 is a limiting flange, and the fourth positioning portion 418 is located at the bottom of the steam collecting pipe 10 close to the inlet position and is lower than the first positioning portion 416 .
  • the first positioning portion 416 and the fourth positioning portion 418 define a non-exhaust area along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe 410, and the first positioning portion 416 and above define an exhaust area along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe is not provided with an exhaust port, and in the exhaust area, the outer wall of the steam collecting pipe is provided with an exhaust port.
  • the maximum axial length of the multi-stage sleeve 420 along the steam collecting pipe 410 is not less than the axial length of the exhaust area along the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the height of the multi-stage hollow sleeve is not less than the height of the steam collecting pipe 410.
  • the multi-stage hollow sleeve can completely cover the exhaust ports 460 in the exhaust area, exposing the non-exhaust area.
  • the height of the first-stage sleeve is greater than the non-exhaust area. The length of the area along the axial direction of the steam collecting pipe. When there is no liquid level in the coolant tank, the first-stage sleeve can completely cover the non-steam exhaust area.
  • the present application provides positioning parts on each stage of the sleeves.
  • a second positioning portion 422 is provided at the top of each level of sleeves, and the second positioning portions 422 of adjacent sleeves contact each other to prevent the upper level sleeve from being separated from the bottom of the lower level sleeve.
  • the second positioning portion 422 of the present application is an annular structure, and the inner diameter of the second positioning portion 422 is equal to the outer diameter of the steam collecting pipe 410, and the outer diameter of the second positioning portion 422 is equal to the inner diameter of the upper level sleeve.
  • a third positioning portion 424 is provided at the bottom of each level of sleeve, and the third positioning portion 424 of the upper level sleeve contacts the second positioning portion 422 of the lower level sleeve to prevent the upper level sleeve from being separated from the lower level sleeve when moving upward.
  • the third positioning portion 424 of the present application is an annular structure, and the inner diameter of the third positioning portion 424 is equal to the outer diameter of the lower level sleeve, and the outer diameter of the third positioning portion 424 is the outer diameter of the sleeve of this level.
  • the second positioning portion 422 and the third positioning portion 424 are detachably connected to each level of the sleeve 420.
  • the second positioning portion 422 and the third positioning portion 424 are fixed to the sleeve 420 by rivets for easy assembly and disassembly.
  • the upper sleeve moves upward and tries to escape from the lower sleeve.
  • the second positioning part of the lower sleeve abuts against the third positioning part of the upper sleeve, preventing the upper sleeve from detaching from the lower sleeve from the top of the lower sleeve.
  • the third positioning part of the lowest sleeve abuts against the first positioning part, preventing the multi-stage sleeve from detaching from the steam collecting pipe under the action of buoyancy.
  • the upper sleeve moves downward and tries to escape from the lower sleeve.
  • the second positioning portion of the lower sleeve is aligned with the second positioning portion of the upper sleeve.
  • the multi-stage sleeves move downward from high to low in sequence and finally fall on the top of the fourth positioning portion.
  • the steam collecting device proposed in this embodiment achieves the following technical effects:
  • the sleeve moves axially along the steam collecting pipe following the change of liquid level to realize the opening and closing of the exhaust port, thereby ensuring the heat removal capacity of the system under low liquid level; 2.
  • a multi-stage sleeve nesting method is adopted, and multiple positioning plates are provided to prevent the multi-stage sleeves from detaching from each other, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure; 3.
  • the containment heat-conducting steam collecting device proposed in this application has a simple structure and is easy to disassemble and maintain; 4.
  • the multi-stage sleeve completely blocks the exhaust area, thereby increasing the height of the rising section, thereby increasing the length of the two-phase section of natural circulation, and increasing the driving force and heat removal capacity of the system.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种安全壳热量导出系统，包括设置在安全壳内部的换热器，冷却液箱以及设置在冷却液箱中的集汽装置，换热器与冷却液箱中的介质连通，换热器中的介质吸收安全壳的热量，通过集汽装置排入冷却液箱，冷却液箱中的介质返回至换热器。集汽装置包括对应不同冷却液箱液位高度的排汽阀组件，排汽阀组件设置为当液位高度降低时，排汽阀组件在自身受力作用下自动开启，至少部分进入集汽装置中的介质通过排汽阀组件进入冷却液箱。本申请提出的安全壳热量导出系统避免了由于液位降低导致排热能力下降的问题，提高了系统驱动力和换热能力；并且能够消除汽锤振动、两相流动激振和流动停滞等风险。

Description

安全壳热量导出系统 技术领域
本发明涉及核反应堆安全领域，具体而言，涉及安全壳热量导出系统。
背景技术
安全壳是压水堆核电站的最后一道实体安全屏障。保持其完整性，防止事故下发生大量放射性物质外泄，对保证核电站安全至关重要。当核电站发生一回路大破口事故、二回路主蒸汽管道断裂等重大事故时，大量高温高压蒸汽被释放至安全壳，导致安全壳内的温度、压力快速上升，使安全壳面临超压破坏和放射性物质大规模不可控释放的风险，进而对周边环境和人员安全造成严重威胁。
为了保证安全壳的完整性，多国开展了非能动安全壳热量导出技术研究，尝试仅通过利用重力、流体密度差等自然力导出事故工况下安全壳内的巨量衰变热。针对混凝土安全壳，研究的主要方案分为闭式系统和开式系统，其中闭式系统一般主要由内部换热器、外部换热器、冷却水箱和连接管道及阀门等部件构成闭合自然循环回路，这类方案因传热环节多、结构复杂、排热能力低等原因而一直未得到工程应用。开式系统一般主要由内部换热器、冷却水箱和连接管道及阀门等部件构成开式自然循环回路，这类方案传热环节少、结构简单、排热能力相对较高。在这些开式系统方案中，存在汽锤振动、两相流动激振和流动停滞等风险，给工程应用带来较大困难。
专利201410126253.3在系统上升管位于水箱的部分设置了若干个安装有阀门的出口，阀门的开、关通过测量和控制系统实现，其目的是为了 消除水箱水位的不利影响。但该方案在存在剧烈水位波动的工程湿环境下缺少可行性，尤其是当发生全厂停电事故时，测量和控制系统将会失效，相应地，阀门也就无法进行正常的开和关，而应对这样的事故场景正是新一代核电系统配置非能动安全壳热量导出系统的基本出发点。
专利202110361911.7和201580075448.2的设计克服了汽锤振动等设计的缺点，但仍然存在水箱水位静压显著降低系统自然循环能力、内部换热器传热管外的不凝性气体浓缩聚集显著增加了传热热阻，这些不足制约的系统的排热能力，仅能满足应对反应堆超基准事故的需要，专利中也没有披露系统中重要设备的详细结构。
鉴于以上技术问题，特推出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种安全壳热量导出系统，以消除汽锤振动、两相流动激振和流动停滞等风险，并且消除冷却液箱液位的不利影响，有效降低不凝气体在换热器传热管外的聚集程度，显著提高传热管间工质流速，进而大幅度提高系统的排热能力，使其具备应对反应堆基准事故的能力。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种安全壳热量导出系统，包括设置在安全壳内部的换热器，冷却液箱以及设置在冷却液箱中的集汽装置，换热器与冷却液箱中的介质连通，换热器中的介质吸收安全壳的热量，通过集汽装置排入冷却液箱，冷却液箱中的介质返回至换热器，
集汽装置包括对应冷却液箱不同液位高度的排汽阀组件，排汽阀组件设置为当液位高度降低时，排汽阀组件在自身受力作用下自动开启，至少 部分进入集汽装置中的介质通过排汽阀组件进入冷却液箱，以平衡集汽装置内外侧静压差，增加低液位高度下系统循环驱动力。
进一步的，集汽装置包括集汽管和套设于集汽管的多级套筒，多级套筒沿液位高度方向分布，多级套筒中一级套筒位于最下部，沿液位高度往上级数依次递增，多级套筒中各个套筒可跟随液位高度变化而沿集汽管轴向移动，并且设置为当液位高度下降时，多级套筒按照由高级到低级顺次向下移动。
进一步的，集汽管的高度方向上设有多级排汽口，多级排汽口与多级套筒对应设置，排汽口和套筒组合形成了排汽阀组件，多级套筒按照由高级到低级顺次向下移动使多级排汽口由高到低顺次开启。
进一步的，集汽管的外壁套设多个限位器，限位器沿集汽管轴向分布，将集汽管轴向分割成多个独立区域，多级套筒分别设置在各个独立区域中。
进一步的，多级套筒中各个套筒之间彼此独立，并且对应不同液位高度。
进一步的，多级套筒中各个套筒均围设形成空心腔体，空心腔体在冷却液箱中受到的浮力大于套筒所受的重力。
进一步的，多级套筒中上一级套筒的内径大于下一级套筒的外径，相邻套筒彼此嵌套在一起，上一级套筒可沿下一级套筒的外壁移动。
进一步的，包括第一定位部，第一定位部套设在集汽管的外侧，第一定位部限定多级套筒的最高位置，防止多级套筒从集汽管的上部脱离集汽管。
进一步的，第一定位部上方沿集汽管的轴向限定出排汽区域，排汽区域对应的集汽管的外壁设有加固环，以增强集汽管的稳定性。
进一步的，多级套筒沿集汽管的轴向最大长度不小于排汽区域沿集汽管的轴向长度，以使多级套筒能够完全覆盖集汽管长度范围内的各个排汽口。
进一步的，还包括第四定位部，第四定位部套设在集汽管的外侧，第四定位部限定多级套筒的最低位置，防止多级套筒从集汽管下部脱离集汽管。
进一步的，各级套筒顶部设有第二定位部，相邻套筒的第二定位部相互接触，以防止上一级套筒从下一级套筒的底部脱离。
进一步的，各级套筒底部设有第三定位部，上一级套筒的第三定位部与下一级套筒的第二定位部接触，防止上一级套筒向上移动时脱离下一级套筒。
进一步的，第二定位部的内径等于集汽管的外径，第二定位部的外径等于上一级套筒的内径。
进一步的，第三定位部的内径等于下一级套筒的外径。
进一步的，第一定位部的外径等于一级套筒的内径。
进一步的，还包括导流罩，导流罩套设在多级套筒的外部。
进一步的，导流罩底部设有排液口，导流罩中的冷却介质通过排液口排出，减少对液位的扰动。
进一步的，集汽管的顶部设有汽水分离罩，汽水分离罩对集汽管出口流出的蒸汽-水混合物进行汽水分离。
进一步的，还包括支撑柱，支撑柱对汽水分离罩进行支撑，使汽水分离罩与导流罩保持预定的距离。
进一步的，换热器包括第一传热管束和第二传热管束，第一传热管束和第二传热管束两者呈镜像对称分布。
进一步的，换热器还包括分配联箱，汇流联箱，第一传热管束与分配联箱和汇流联箱连通，第二传热管束与分配联箱和汇流联箱连通，介质通过分配联箱进入第一传热管束和/或第二传热管束，并通过汇流联箱流出换热器。
进一步的，第二传热管束与第一传热管束对称设置在分配联箱和/或汇流联箱的轴向两侧，第二传热管束，第一传热管束，分配联箱以及汇流联箱围设形成了中空区域，介质在中空区域加速。
进一步的，分配联箱和汇流联箱水平设置，分配联箱和汇流联箱的开口设置在同一侧。
进一步的，第一传热管束和/或第二传热管束包括多个传热管排，多个传热管排平行布置，靠近中空区域的传热管排与远离中空区域的传热管排之间形成压力差，加速介质流动。
进一步的，传热管排包括多根传热管，多根传热管沿分配联箱和/或汇流联箱的轴向设置。
进一步的，传热管包括第一管段、第二管段以及连接第一管段和第二管段的中间管段，第一管段与汇流联箱连通，第二管段与分配联箱连通。
进一步的，第一管段的长度小于第二管段的长度。
进一步的，第二管段与中间管段的夹角为60-80°。
进一步的，相邻传热管之间的间距为传热管直径的2～3倍。
进一步的，换热器包括支撑隔板，支撑隔板设置在传热管之间，与传热管的中间管段垂直。
进一步的，还包括上升管段和下降管段，上升管段连接汇流联箱和冷却液箱，下降管段连接冷却液箱和分配联箱。
本发明提出的安全壳热量导出系统，实现了如下技术效果：
1、本发明中安全壳热量导出系统采用的集汽装置不仅能够完全消除汽-液两相流动阶段发生汽锤振动、两相流动激振和流动停滞的风险，而且能够以非能动的方式自动平衡集汽管内侧和外侧之间的静压差，进而消除冷却液箱液位对非能动安全壳热量导出系统自然循环流动产生的不利影响。
2、本发明中安全壳热量导出系统采用的换热器，在不增加换热器制造难度的前提下，不仅使流动阻力显著降低，而且结构紧凑，传热管内、外侧的传热都得到显著强化，使其成为流动阻力小、换热能力强的高效换热器。
3、本发明通过优化安全壳热量导出系统配置，显著增强了系统的流动稳定性和自然循环能力，大幅度提高了非能动安全壳热量导出系统的排热功率水平，使其具备应对反应堆基准事故的能力。
4、本发明中安全壳热量导出系统组成简单，集汽装置便于拆装，并且系统稳定性强。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出本发明安全壳热量导出系统结构示意图；
图2示出了本发明实施例1的集汽装置结构示意图；
图3示出了本发明实施例换热器整体结构正视图；
图4示出了本发明实施例换热器侧视图；
图5示出了本发明实施例换热管排布结构示意图；
图6示出了本发明实施例单根换热管结构示意图；
图7示出了本发明实施例换热器排热功率随安全壳压力的变化趋势；
图8示出了本发明实施例反应堆假想事故下安全壳内压力随时间趋势图；
图9示出了本发明实施例2集汽装置结构示意图；
图10示出了本发明实施例2集汽装置中多级套筒结构示意图；
图11示出了本发明实施例2集汽装置俯视图；
图12示出了本发明实施例2集汽装置中定位结构示意图；
图13示出了本发明实施例2集汽装置中位于套筒上部和下部的定位结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
20、换热器；30、冷却液箱；40、集汽装置；480、排汽阀组件；410、
集汽管；415、限位器；420、套筒；460、排汽口；416、第一定位部；411、加固环；418、第四定位部；422、第二定位部；424、第三定位部；430、导流罩；431、排液口；440、汽水分离罩；450、支撑柱；230、第一传热管束；240、第二传热管束；210、分配联箱；220、汇流联箱；234、传热管排；2342、传热管；2344、第一管段；2346、第二管段；2348、中间管段；260、支撑隔板；50、上升管段；60、下降管段。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，这些实施例不能理解为限制本发明所要求保护的范围。术语“包括”在使用时表明存在特征，但不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征；术语“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制；此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
实施例1：
本申请提出了一种安全壳热量导出系统，如图1所示，该安全壳热量导出系统包括设置在安全壳内部的换热器20，冷却液箱30以及设置在冷却液箱30中的集汽装置40，换热器20与冷却液箱30中的介质连通。换热器20中的介质吸收安全壳的热量，通过集汽装置40排入冷却液箱30，冷却液箱30中的介质返回至换热器20，形成了循环回路。
随着安全壳中热量不断导出，冷却液箱30中的介质不断蒸发，进而导致液位下降，系统循环驱动力下降，排热能力下降。为了避免这种情况，本申请提出了一种集汽装置，以消除液位降低的不利影响。
如图2所示，集汽装置40包括对应冷却液箱30不同液位高度的排汽阀组件480，排汽阀组件480设置为当液位高度降低时，排汽阀组件480在自身受力作用下自动开启，至少部分进入集汽装置40中的介质通过排汽阀组件480进入冷却液箱30，以平衡集汽装置40内外侧静压差，增加低液位高度下系统循环驱动力。本申请中排汽阀组件480自身受力作用主要包括排汽阀组件在冷却介质中所受浮力和自身重力。本申请中冷却介质包括但不限于水介质。
具体来说，集汽装置40为圆桶形结构，包括集汽管410和套设于集汽管410的多级套筒420，多级套筒420沿液位高度方向分布，多级套筒中一级套筒位于最下部，沿液位高度往上级数依次递增，多级套筒420中各个套筒可跟随液位高度变化而沿集汽管410轴向移动，并且设置为当液位高度下降时，多级套筒按照由高级到低级顺次向下移动。
集汽管410的高度方向上设有多级排汽口，多级排汽口与多级套筒对应设置，排汽口460和套筒420组合形成了排汽阀组件480，多级套筒420按照由高级到低级顺次向下移动使多级排汽口460由高到低顺次开启。
当冷却液箱液位高于预定值时，由于套筒受到的冷却介质的浮力大于自身重力，套筒完全覆盖排汽口，进入集汽管的蒸汽-水混合物由顶部排出；当冷却液箱液位低于预定值且下降过程时，由于冷却液箱液位下降，套筒所受的浮力减小，自身重力大于所受到的浮力，至少一个套筒沿集汽管的轴向向下移动，使至少一个排汽口开启，进入集汽管的至少部分蒸汽-水混合物由排汽口排出。
本申请提出的集汽装置，利用套筒浮力随液位变化而改变，实现套筒沿集汽管轴向移动，从而控制排汽口的自动开启和闭合，保证了低液位下系统的排热能力，促进了系统自然循环。
在该申请的一个实施例中集汽管410的外壁套设多个限位器415，限位器415沿集汽管410轴向分布，将集汽管410轴向分割成多个独立区域，多级套筒420中各个套筒之间彼此独立且分别设置在各个独立区域中，对应不同液位高度，以响应冷却介质液位高度的变化。限位器415限定了套筒上下移动的最大位移，避免套筒脱离集汽管。本申请中限位器415包括但不限于挡板结构。
当冷却液箱30中的冷却液处于满液位时，所有的套筒都会在浮力的作用下处于上限位器位置，使排汽口处于关闭状态，从而避免集汽装置上部出口的蒸汽与冷却液箱30里的冷却介质直接接触，当冷却液箱30里的冷却介质因非能动安全壳热量导出系统排热而大量蒸发时，其中的冷却介质液位下降，首先是最上一级的排汽阀组件480中的套筒因浮力的下降而逐渐向下移动，直至下限位器位置。在此过程中，相应的排汽口被打开，使集汽管410内侧和外侧之间的压力基本维持平衡。随着冷却介质液位的进一步持续下降，剩余的套筒会依次重复最上一级套筒的动作，以非能动的方式自动调节排汽口的开启和关闭状态。一方面，可以避免发生具有破坏性风险的汽锤振动和两相流动激振，并同时消除冷却液箱30中液位对系统自然循环产生的不利影响，防止发生自然循环流动停滞现象，显著提高系统的自然循环流量和流动稳定性。
为保证套筒随浮力变化沿集汽管轴向移动，多级套筒420中各个套筒围设形成空心腔体，空心腔体在冷却液箱30中受到的浮力大于套筒所受的重力。
另外，如图2所示，集汽装置还包括导流罩430，导流罩430套设在多级套筒420的外部，导流罩430与集汽管410同心布置，避免冷却液箱内液位变化对冷却液箱的冲击。导流罩430底部设有排液口431，蒸汽-水混合物进入导流罩430导致液位上升，导流罩430中的冷却介质通过排液口431排出，减少蒸汽-水混合物对冷却液箱液位的扰动，保证系统自然循环驱动稳定性。
此外，集汽管410的顶部设有汽水分离罩440，汽水分离罩440对集汽管410出口流出的蒸汽-水混合物进行汽水分离。分离出的液相进入导流罩430，以避免集汽管上部出口高速流体对冷却液箱产生过大的冲击载荷，并减少汽流对液相的夹带损失。本申请中汽水分离罩440为弧形结构。
为使汽水分离罩440与导流罩430保持预定的距离，提高汽水分离效果，集汽装置还包括支撑柱450，支撑柱450对汽水分离罩440进行支撑。
为提高系统传热系数，改善传热效果，本申请对换热器结构进行创新性设计，使多种强化传热效应相互耦合。
具体来说，如图3所示，换热器20包括第一传热管束230和第二传热管束240，第一传热管束230和第二传热管束240两者呈镜像对称分布。
换热器20还包括分配联箱210，汇流联箱220，第一传热管束230与分配联箱210和汇流联箱220连通，第二传热管束240与分配联箱210和汇流联箱220连通，介质通过分配联箱210进入第一传热管束230和/或第二传热管束240，并通过汇流联箱220流出换热器20。
第二传热管束240与第一传热管束230对称设置在分配联箱210和/或汇流联箱220的轴向两侧，第二传热管束240，第一传热管束230，分配联箱210以及汇流联箱220围设形成了中空区域，介质在中空区域加速。进入传热管束中上部的不凝性气体在重力的作用下竖直向下流动，在换热器中空桶状区域形成密度相对较高的流体加速区，使蒸汽-空气混合物最终能够以较高的流速横掠冲刷传热管束下部管段，进而使换热器的管外冷凝传热得到进一步强化。
另外，如图4所示，换热器中分配联箱210和汇流联箱220水平设置，使换热器外侧含有大量不凝性气体的蒸汽能够比较顺畅地进入传热管束区，发生凝结换热；并且分配联箱210和汇流联箱220的开口设置在同一侧，不仅可以最大限度减小换热器进/出口的涡流损失，提高换热能力，并且便于换热器与其他部件联接。优选的，本申请中分配联箱210和汇流联箱220均采用一端带封头、另一端带进/出口的管结构。这样介质在换热器 内的流路呈“U”型，有利于提高传热管间流量分配的均匀性，降低换热器流动阻力、提高换热能力。
进一步的，结合图5和图3所示，本申请中第一传热管束230和/或第二传热管束240包括多个传热管排234，多个传热管排234平行布置。优选的，本实施例中管排总数为3～5排。随着蒸汽的不断凝结，靠近中空区域的传热管排234与远离中空区域的传热管排234之间形成压力差，这种压差起到加速汽流流动的效果，使传热得到有效强化。
另外，传热管排234包括多根传热管2342，多根传热管2342沿分配联箱210和/或汇流联箱220的轴向设置。如图5所示，这样相邻传热管形成了节距a和b，本实施例中节距a和b可以相同，也可以不相同，传热管节距优选为2～3倍传热管直径，其中a优选2倍传热管直径，b优选3倍传热管直径。
为进一步提高换热效率，本申请换热器由不等边C型传热管组成。具体来说，如图6所示，传热管2342包括第一管段2344、第二管段2346以及连接第一管段2344和第二管段2346的中间管段2348，第一管段2344与汇流联箱220连通，第二管段2346与分配联箱210连通。优选的，第一管段2344的长度小于第二管段2346的长度。第二管段2346与中间管段2348的夹角为60-80°。这样，换热器端面呈现梯形结构，轴向呈多边中空结构。进入第一管段2344和中间管段2348的不凝性气体在重力的作用下竖直向下流动，在换热器中空区域形成密度相对较高的流体加速区，使蒸汽-空气混合物最终能够以较高的流速横掠冲刷位移下部的第二管段2346，进而使换热器的冷凝传热得到进一步强化。
此外，如图3所示，本申请中换热器20还设有支撑隔板260，支撑隔板260设置在传热管2342之间，与传热管2342的中间管段2348垂直。 一方面，支撑隔板260起到支撑传热管束的作用，防止传热管发生流动激振，另一方面，支撑隔板260对管外凝结液和管壁附近聚集的不凝性气体起到疏导分流作用，使凝结液膜厚度和不凝性气体膜厚度减薄，进而达到减小传热热阻，起到强化传热的效果。优选的，本申请中换热器包括多个支撑隔板260，支撑隔板260呈长窄条状，相邻导流支撑隔板优选间距大于0.5m。
另一方面，如图1所示，安全壳热量导出系统还包括上升管段50和下降管段60，上升管段50连接汇流联箱220和冷却液箱30，下降管段60连接冷却液箱30和分配联箱210。下降管段60、上升管段50和换热器20构成了安全壳热量导出系统的主要流动阻力件，设计时应合理分配各项流动阻力占比，避免其中某一项或两项的阻力占比过大，优选的上升管段50的直径应大于下降管段60的直径，以使回路不会因为流动阻力过大而导致自然循环能力不足，进而降低系统的排热能力。
此外，安全壳热量导出系统还包括分别位于上升管段50和下降管段60的隔离阀，在正常情况下这些阀门保持常开状态，当安全壳热量导出系统中位于安全壳内侧的管路或设备发生泄漏时，关闭隔离阀，以保持安全壳承压边界的完整性，避免安全壳内的放射物质泄漏到外部环境。
以下对安全壳热量导出系统的组成做详细说明。
换热器20安装在安全壳的内壁面上，处于操作平台以上位置，冷却液箱30设置在安全壳外侧相对于换热器20更高的位置，使两者之间保持足够的高度差。下降管段60的上端与冷却液箱30出口相联，下端与换热器20进口相联，相应地，上升管段50的上端与冷却液箱30入口相联，下端与换热器20出口相联，集汽装置40安装在冷却液箱30内部，冷却 液箱30通过位于底部的法兰与上升管段50出口相联。下降管段60和上升管段50上的隔离阀均设置在安全壳外侧。
安全壳热量导出系统在投入运行时，冷却液箱30里的冷却液通过下降管段60流入换热器20管侧，安全壳内的蒸汽在换热器20传热管外表面凝结，所释放出的汽化潜热传递给传热管内的冷却液，使其在流动的过程中温度不断升高。温度升高后的冷却介质进入上升管段50，直至流回冷却液箱30。系统中介质流体的流动仅依靠下降管段60和上升管段50中介质流体的密度差提供驱动力，没有外部动力输入，处于自然循环流动状态。当冷却液箱中的冷却介质温度较低时，系统处于单相自然循环状态，并将安全壳内的衰变热导入冷却液箱30。当冷却液箱30中冷却介质的温度升至当地压力下的饱和温度后，系统进入两相自然循环状态，所产生的蒸汽-水混合物通过冷却液箱30上的排汽孔排入大气，实现非能动热量导出。
基于已完成的单项实验结果和经过实验验证的计算分析程序，对本发明优选方案下和现有技术下的安全壳热量导出系统进行了对比计算分析，得到单台换热器排热功率随安全壳压力的变化情况如图7所示，得到在最严重反应堆假想事故下安全壳内压力随时间的变化情况如图8所示。可以看到，本发明单台换热器的换热功率比现有技术下单台换热器的换热功率成倍增加，本发明系统保证事故后安全内的压力能在24小时以内降至设计压力(0.52MPa绝对压力)的二分之一以下，并长期保持稳定，满足应对基准事故要求，而基于现有技术的系统只能将安全壳内的压力控制在0.35MPa附近波动，仅满足应对超设计基准事故的需要。
综上所述，本实施例提出的安全壳热量导出系统，实现了如下技术效果：
1、本发明中安全壳热量导出系统采用的集汽装置不仅能够完全消除汽-液两相流动阶段发生汽锤振动、两相流动激振和流动停滞的风险，而且能够以非能动的方式自动平衡集汽管内侧和外侧之间的静压差，进而消除冷却液箱液位对非能动安全壳热量导出系统自然循环流动产生的不利影响。
2、本发明中安全壳热量导出系统采用的换热器，在不增加换热器制造难度的前提下，不仅使流动阻力显著降低，而且结构紧凑，传热管内、外侧的传热都得到显著强化，使其成为流动阻力小、换热能力强的高效换热器。
3、本发明通过优化安全壳热量导出系统配置，显著增强了系统的流动稳定性和自然循环能力，大幅度提高了非能动安全壳热量导出系统的排热功率水平，使其具备应对反应堆基准事故的能力。
4、本发明中安全壳热量导出系统组成简单，集汽装置便于拆装，并且系统稳定性强。
实施例2
本实施例中安全壳热量导出系统与实施例1基本相同，如图9所示，套筒420和位于集汽管410外壁上的排汽口460构成排汽阀组件480，区别在于，结合图10和图11所示，该实施例中多级套筒420中上一级套筒的内径大于下一级套筒的外径，相邻套筒420彼此嵌套在一起，上一级套筒可沿下一级套筒的外壁移动。
为避免多级套筒420脱离集汽管410，本申请提出了集汽装置限位结构。
具体来说，如图12所示，集汽装置包括第一定位部416，第一定位部416套设在集汽管410的外侧，第一定位部416限定多级套筒的最高位置，防止多级套筒从集汽管410的上部脱离集汽管410。本申请中第一定位部416位于集汽管的下部区域。优选的，第一定位部416焊接在集汽管410的外侧，第一定位部416为环形结构。第一定位部416的外径等于一级套筒的内径。
第一定位部416上方沿集汽管410的轴向限定出排汽区域，如图10所示，排汽区域对应的集汽管410的外壁设有加固环411，以增强集汽管410的稳定性。
另外，如图10所示，集汽装置还包括第四定位部418，第四定位部418套设在集汽管410的外侧，第四定位部418限定多级套筒420的最低位置，防止多级套筒420从集汽管410下部脱离集汽管410。
本申请中第四定位部418为限位法兰，第四定位部418位于集汽管10底部靠近进口位置，并且低于第一定位部416的位置。
结合图10和图12所示，第一定位部416和第四定位部418沿集汽管410的轴向限定出非排汽区域，第一定位部416以上沿集汽管410的轴向限定出排汽区域。在非排汽区域集汽管的外壁不设有排汽口，在排汽区域集汽管的外壁设有排汽口。
如图10所示，多级套筒420沿集汽管410的轴向最大长度不小于排汽区域沿集汽管410的轴向长度，当冷却液箱中满液位时，多级空心套筒高度不小于集汽管410的高度，多级空心套筒能够完全遮挡排汽区域内的各个排汽口460，暴露非排汽区域。另外，一级套筒的高度大于非排汽区 域沿集汽管轴向的长度，在冷却液箱内无液位时，一级套筒可完全覆盖非排汽区域。
此外，为了防止多级套筒之间脱节，本申请在各级套筒设置定位部。
具体来说，如图13所示，各级套筒顶部设有第二定位部422，相邻套筒的第二定位部422相互接触，以防止上一级套筒从下一级套筒的底部脱离。优选的，本申请第二定位部422为环状结构，第二定位部422的内径等于集汽管410的外径，第二定位部422的外径等于上一级套筒的内径。
另外，各级套筒底部设有第三定位部424，上一级套筒的第三定位部424与下一级套筒的第二定位部422接触，防止上一级套筒向上移动时脱离下一级套筒。优选的，本申请第三定位部424为环状结构，第三定位部424的内径等于下一级套筒的外径，第三定位部424的外径为该级套筒的外径。
本申请中，第二定位部422和第三定位部424与各级套筒420可拆卸连接。优选的，第二定位部422和第三定位部424由铆钉固定在套筒420上，便于拆装。
当上一级套筒在浮力大于自身重力时，上一级套筒向上移动，并试图逃离下一级套筒，此时，下一级套筒的第二定位部与上一级套筒的第三定位部抵靠，防止上一级套筒从下一级套筒的顶部脱离下一级套筒。最低级套筒的第三定位部与第一定位部抵靠，防止多级套筒在浮力作用下脱离集汽管。
当上一级套筒在浮力小于自身重力时，上一级套筒向下移动，并试图逃离下一级套筒，此时，下一级套筒的二定位部与上一级套筒的第二定位 部抵靠，防止上一级套筒从下一级套筒的底部离开。多级套筒由高到低依次向下移动，最终落在第四定位部的上方。
综上所述，本实施例提出的集汽装置，实现了如下技术效果：
1、套筒在冷却介质中所受的浮力和自身重力作用下，跟随液位变化沿集汽管轴向移动，实现排汽口的开启和闭合，保证了低液位下系统的排热能力；2、采用多级套筒嵌套的方式，并设置多个定位板，避免多级套筒彼此脱离，保证了结构的稳定性；3、本申请提出的安全壳导热集汽装置结构简单，便于拆装和维护；4、通过优化多级套管结构，使得多级套筒将排汽区域全部遮挡，提高了上升段高度，从而增加了自然循环两相段长度，增加了系统驱动力与排热能力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种安全壳热量导出系统，包括设置在所述安全壳内部的换热器(20)，冷却液箱(30)以及设置在所述冷却液箱(30)中的集汽装置(40)，所述换热器(20)与所述冷却液箱(30)中的介质连通，所述换热器(20)中的介质吸收所述安全壳的热量，通过所述集汽装置(40)排入所述冷却液箱(30)，所述冷却液箱(30)中的介质返回至所述换热器(20)，
    其特征在于，所述集汽装置(40)包括对应所述冷却液箱(30)不同液位高度的排汽阀组件(480)，所述排汽阀组件(480)设置为当所述液位高度降低时，所述排汽阀组件(480)在自身受力作用下自动开启，至少部分进入所述集汽装置(40)中的介质通过所述排汽阀组件(480)进入所述冷却液箱(30)，以平衡所述集汽装置(40)内外侧静压差，增加低液位高度下系统循环驱动力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述集汽装置(40)包括集汽管(410)和套设于所述集汽管(410)的多级套筒，所述多级套筒沿所述液位高度方向分布，所述多级套筒中一级套筒位于最下部，沿所述液位高度往上级数依次递增，所述多级套筒中各个套筒可跟随所述液位高度变化而沿所述集汽管(410)轴向移动，并且设置为当所述液位高度下降时，所述多级套筒按照由高级到低级顺次向下移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述集汽管(410)的高度方向上设有多级排汽口(460)，所述多级排汽口(460) 与所述多级套筒(420)对应设置，所述排汽口(460)和所述套筒(420)组合形成了所述排汽阀组件(480)，所述多级套筒(420)按照由高级到低级顺次向下移动使所述多级排汽口(460)由高到低顺次开启。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述集汽管(410)的外壁套设多个限位器(415)，所述限位器(415)沿所述集汽管(410)轴向分布，将所述集汽管(410)轴向分割成多个独立区域，所述多级套筒(420)分别设置在各个所述独立区域中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述多级套筒(420)中各个套筒之间彼此独立，并且对应不同所述液位高度。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述多级套筒(420)中各个所述套筒(420)均围设形成空心腔体，所述空心腔体在所述冷却液箱(30)中受到的浮力大于所述套筒(420)所受的重力。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述多级套筒(420)中上一级所述套筒的内径大于下一级所述套筒的外径，相邻所述套筒彼此嵌套在一起，上一级所述套筒可沿下一级所述套筒的外壁移动。
  8. 根据权利要求2或3所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，包括第一定位部(416)，所述第一定位部(416)套设在所述集汽管(410) 的外侧，所述第一定位部(416)限定所述多级套筒的最高位置，防止所述多级套筒从所述集汽管(410)的上部脱离所述集汽管(410)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第一定位部(416)上方沿所述集汽管(410)的轴向限定出排汽区域，所述排汽区域对应的所述集汽管(410)的外壁设有加固环(411)，以增强所述集汽管(410)的稳定性。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，多级套筒(200)沿所述集汽管(410)的轴向最大长度不小于所述排汽区域沿所述集汽管(410)的轴向长度，以使所述多级套筒(200)能够完全覆盖集汽管(410)长度范围内的各个所述排汽口(460)。
  11. 根据权利要求2或3所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，还包括第四定位部(418)，所述第四定位部(418)套设在所述集汽管(410)的外侧，所述第四定位部(418)限定所述多级套筒(420)的最低位置，防止所述多级套筒(420)从所述集汽管(410)下部脱离所述集汽管(410)。
  12. 根据权利要求2或3所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，各级套筒顶部设有第二定位部(422)，相邻套筒的所述第二定位部(422)相互接触，以防止上一级套筒从下一级套筒的底部脱离。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，各级套筒底部设有第三定位部(424)，上一级套筒的所述第三定位部(424)与下一级套筒的第二定位部(422)接触，防止上一级套筒向上移动时脱离下一级套筒。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第二定位部(422)的内径等于所述集汽管(410)的外径，所述第二定位部(422)的外径等于上一级所述套筒的内径。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第三定位部(424)的内径等于下一级所述套筒的外径，所述第三定位部(424)的外径为该级套筒的外径。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第一定位部(416)的外径等于所述一级套筒的内径。
  17. 根据权利要求2或3所述的安全壳热量导出系统置，其特征在于，还包括导流罩(430)，所述导流罩(430)套设在所述多级套筒(420)的外部。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述导流罩(430)底部设有排液口(431)，所述导流罩(430)中的冷却介质通过所述排液口(431)排出，减少对所述液位的扰动。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述集汽管(410)的顶部设有汽水分离罩(440)，所述汽水分离罩(440)对所述集汽管(410)出口流出的蒸汽-水混合物进行汽水分离。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，还包括支撑柱(450)，所述支撑柱(450)对所述汽水分离罩(440)进行支撑，使所述汽水分离罩(440)与所述导流罩(430)保持预定的距离。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述换热器(20)包括第一传热管束(230)和第二传热管束(240)，所述第一传热管束(230)和所述第二传热管束(240)两者呈镜像对称分布。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述换热器(20)还包括分配联箱(210)，汇流联箱(220)，所述第一传热管束(230)与所述分配联箱(210)和所述汇流联箱(220)连通，所述第二传热管束(240)与所述分配联箱(210)和所述汇流联箱(220)连通，介质通过所述分配联箱(210)进入所述第一传热管束(230)和/或所述第二传热管束(240)，并通过所述汇流联箱(220)流出所述换热器(20)。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第二传热管束(240)与所述第一传热管束(230)对称设置在所述分配联箱(210)和/或所述汇流联箱(220)的轴向两侧，所述第二传热管束(240)，所述第一传热管束(230)，所述分配联箱(210)以及所述汇流联箱(220)围设形成了中空区域，所述介质在中空区域加速。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述分配联箱(210)和所述汇流联箱(220)水平设置，所述分配联箱(210)和所述汇流联箱(220)的开口设置在同一侧。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第一传热管束(230)和/或所述第二传热管束(240)包括多个传热管排(234)，所述多个传热管排(234)平行布置，靠近所述中空区域的所述传热管排(234)与远离所述中空区域的所述传热管排(234)之间形成压力差，加速介质流动。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述传热管排(234)包括多根传热管(2342)，多根传热管(2342)沿所述分配联箱(210)和/或所述汇流联箱(220)的轴向设置。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述传热管(2342)包括第一管段(2344)、第二管段(2346)以及连接所述第一管段(2344)和所述第二管段(2346)的中间管段(2348)，所述第一管段(2344)与所述汇流联箱(220)连通，所述第二管段(2346)与所述分配联箱(210)连通。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第一管段(2344)的长度小于所述第二管段(2346)的长度。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述第二管段(2344)与所述中间管段(2348)的夹角为60-80°。
  30. 根据权利要求26-28任一项所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，相邻所述传热管(2342)之间的间距为所述传热管(2342)直径的2～3倍。
  31. 根据权利要求26或27所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，所述换热器(20)包括支撑隔板(260)，所述支撑隔板(260)设置在所述传热管(2342)之间，与所述传热管(2342)的中间管段(2348)垂直。
  32. 根据权利要求22-24任一项所述的安全壳热量导出系统，其特征在于，还包括上升管段(50)和下降管段(60)，所述上升管段(50)连接所述汇流联箱(220)和所述冷却液箱(30)，所述下降管段(60)连接所述冷却液箱(30)和所述分配联箱(210)。
PCT/CN2023/081974 2023-01-10 2023-03-16 安全壳热量导出系统 Ceased WO2024148679A1 (zh)

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