WO2024146699A1 - Procédé et système d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024146699A1
WO2024146699A1 PCT/EP2023/050234 EP2023050234W WO2024146699A1 WO 2024146699 A1 WO2024146699 A1 WO 2024146699A1 EP 2023050234 W EP2023050234 W EP 2023050234W WO 2024146699 A1 WO2024146699 A1 WO 2024146699A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foundation
lines
floating foundation
floating
wind turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/050234
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kester GUNN
Original Assignee
Rwe Offshore Wind Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rwe Offshore Wind Gmbh filed Critical Rwe Offshore Wind Gmbh
Priority to PCT/EP2023/050234 priority Critical patent/WO2024146699A1/fr
Publication of WO2024146699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024146699A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B75/00—Building or assembling floating offshore structures, e.g. semi-submersible platforms, SPAR platforms or wind turbine platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B63B77/10—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms specially adapted for electric power plants, e.g. wind turbines or tidal turbine generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F03D13/126—Offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F03D13/139—Assembling or erecting wind motors by using lifting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F03D13/256—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation on a floating support, i.e. floating wind motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B2021/505—Methods for installation or mooring of floating offshore platforms on site
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy

Definitions

  • the wind turbine comprising at least the tower, the nacelle, the hub and the blades, could be installed on the foundation at a harbour installation site.
  • the foundation itself can be assembled onshore or in a dry dock. Then, the foundation is lifted into water and towed by tug boats to an installation site along a quayside. The foundation will then be moored. After that, installation of the parts of the wind turbine is possible from shore, using heavy lift cranes for the lifting operation.
  • the problem arises from the constant movement of the platform due to waves in the harbour or dock.
  • any relative movement between the foundation and the turbine while the turbine is held by a crane can damage the turbine, crane or foundation. Hence it is necessary to minimise relative motion.
  • the vertical movement of the foundation may also be understood as applying a net vertical force to the foundation.
  • a net vertical downward force can, for example, be applied to the foundation by tension in the moorings, either by tensioning the mooring lines, or by ballasting the foundation.
  • a net vertical upward force can, for example, be applied to the foundation by removing slack from the moorings and de-ballasting the foundation.
  • the mooring system may be attached to the positioned floating foundation. This may comprise affixing the lines to attachment points of the foundation. These attachment points may be mooring attachment points on the foundation, which are used for mooring the foundation at the final destination, after assembly and transport to the final destination in deep sea. However, it may also be possible that additional attachment point in addition to the mooring attachment points are provided. It may be possible that the additional attachment points have less mechanical strength than the mooring attachment points, since the additional attachment points are only used for installation purposes and are subject to less mechanical stress than the mooring attachment points.
  • the attachment points may be positioned around the foundation such that, when the foundation is vertically moved, the tension forces apply essentially equally on all attachment points.
  • the vertical movement can be obtained by tensioning the mooring system.
  • Tensioning may be understood as exerting tensile forces onto the lines of the mooring system.
  • the tensioning may be such that the foundation is moved vertically out of its neutral buoyancy position.
  • the tensioning may be such that the foundation is moved vertically relative to the water level.
  • the tensioning may be such that the movement is a vertical movement.
  • the vertical movement can be either upward or downward, as explained below.
  • the installation may include lifting the parts of the wind turbine onto the foundation and securing the parts of the wind turbine at the foundation.
  • parts of the wind turbine may be installed one by one, which means that for instance at first a tower is installed, thereafter, the nacelle is mounted to the tower and thereafter the blades. It should be noted that this is a mere example and that more or less parts than the named ones can be installed.
  • the tension in the lines is reduced prior to step e] gradually.
  • the foundation is vertically moved into its buoyant neutral position over a timespan, i.e. several minutes. By this, damages to the lines and the attachments can be prevented.
  • the foundation is not subject to increased mechanical stress. Waves induced by the vertical movement of the foundation are reduced in size, when the movement is gradual, i.e. slow.
  • the vertical downward movement can be, for instance, be obtained by tensioning the mooring lines, which are attached to ground lower than the foundation. This tensioning results in pulling the foundation down. Due to tensioning, the foundation is moved vertically out of its neutral buoyancy position.
  • step c] comprises pulling the floating foundation vertically up. Besides pulling the foundation under water, it may also be possible to lift the foundation out of its buoyant neutral position. Again, small waves lower than the amount of lifting the foundation will not result in motion in the foundation.
  • Pulling the foundation up may, for instance, be obtained by de-ballasting the foundation. Slack of mooring lines, which are attached to ground or a crane higher than the foundation can be reeled-in. Then, the foundation may be ballasted again. The foundation is moved vertically out of its neutral buoyancy position.
  • the mooring system comprises lines and the floating foundation is moved vertically by means of the lines.
  • Mooring lines can be made from syntetic material or steel ropes or chains.
  • the mooring lines can also be termed lines, tendors, tension lines, chains, ropes, catenae and the like.
  • the term line or mooring line will be used as synonym for all of these.
  • temporary mooring lines are attached to the foundation.
  • anchors may be provided as will be described later.
  • the mooring lines may be attached to these anchors as well. It may be possible to attach the mooring lines to these anchors prior or after the foundation is towed into the installation position.
  • the lines may be secured above or at water level for ease of installation.
  • the lines may be attached to the quay.
  • the lines may be equipped with floating aids, to allow the lines to float while not being installed/attached to a foundation.
  • Floating aids can be buoys.
  • the mooring system comprises a tensioning system attached to the lines for hauling the lines.
  • the tensioning system may be installed on the foundation, on the anchors or separated from either.
  • the tensioning system is configured to apply tension forces onto the lines, while these are affixed to the foundation.
  • the tensioning system may apply tensioning forces on each of a plurality of lines. It is proposed that the foundation is held by more than one line.
  • the lines may be spread around the foundation.
  • the tensioning system may be configured to apply essentially similar tension forces to each of the lines. This allows the foundation to be stabilized in the moved position.
  • the tensioning system may also be used for reeling in slack of the lines when ballasting/de-ballasting is applied as explained above.
  • ballasting/de-ballasting system may also be possible to provide a ballasting/de-ballasting system.
  • temporal ballasting loads may be applied to the foundation.
  • loads may be temporally de-ballasted from the foundation.
  • the anchors for holding the lines are configured to resist a vertical load.
  • the anchors and the tensioning system By using the anchors and the tensioning system, the foundation can be pulled down into the water.
  • the tensioning system comprises at least one of a) a winch, b] a pulley system, and/or a crane.
  • a winch is preferably temporarily installed on the foundation.
  • one winch can be installed on the foundation for one mooring line each.
  • the winches can be installed only for the duration of the installation of the wind turbine.
  • a winch it may also be possible to use a pulley system.
  • the lines may be affixed to an anchor and the foundation as well as a pulley system. Tug boats or an onshore winch may be attached to the pulley system to apply the tension force onto the lines.
  • a crane In this case, it may be possible to use a reverse roller at the anchor. One end of the line may be attached to the crane and the other end may be attached to the foundation. The reverse roller may be attached to the anchor.
  • the tensioning system is installed on the floating foundation or the anchor.
  • the installation on the foundation may be temporal.
  • An on-shore anchor may also be used.
  • the tensioning system may be installed on the on-shore anchor, in particular as a permanent installation.
  • An anchor may be installed on-shore, for instance close to the installation position, e.g. the quay, or on the sea-bed.
  • the anchor may be founded in the seabed, for instance using piles, columns, masts or the like, which are grounded, in particular pile founded (hammered), into the sea-bed.
  • the structures may be made from steel and/or steel reinforced concrete. It may also be possible to use caisson anchors or gravity anchors. Gravity anchors may be such that their weight is sufficient to hold down the foundation, i.e. that their weight is higher than the buoyant force exerted by the pulled down foundation. Gravity anchors may rely on their mass to hold down the foundation. These anchors are preferably concrete structures holding heavy rocks.
  • the floating foundation is moved vertically in relation to water level by an amount such that parts of the foundation are above water level. It is important to note that the method according to embodiments pertains to such pulling operations, during which the foundation is still within water. The foundation is neither pulled up such that it is fully out of the water nor pulled down that it is completely drowned into the water.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved down by an amount that depends on a weight of the to be installed part(s) of the wind turbine.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved down such that the sum of tension forces of all the mooring lines depends on a weight of the to be installed part(s) of the wind turbine, in particular that the sum of tension forces of all the lines is equal or greater than the weight of the to be installed part(s) of the wind turbine.
  • these part(s) are lifted by a heavy duty crane onto the foundation after it has been moved vertically.
  • the weight (mass) of the part(s) to be installed it is proposed to obtain the weight (mass) of the part(s) to be installed.
  • the weight of the part(s) (component(s)) to be installed can be calculated in advance. Based on the weight, the amount of vertical movement, by which the foundation will be “moved down” may be such that the sum of all tension forces in all lines is equal to or higher than the weight of the to be installed part(s).
  • the floating foundation is moved vertically in relation to water level by an amount such that the movement comprises a safety margin.
  • the safety margin may be such that the amount of tension forces applied depending on the weight of the part(s) to be installed is increased by at least 0,5%, preferably 1% or 2%, preferably less than 10%.
  • the safety margin may be such that the amount of vertical movement is increased by at least 0,5%, preferably 1% or 2%, preferably less than 10% compared to the movement without safety margin.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved down by an amount such that the buoyancy induced by the movement is equal or greater than a weight of the to be installed part of the wind turbine.
  • the weight of the part(s) works against the buoyant force of the foundation.
  • the tensile force in the lines, which move/hold the foundation down is thus reduced.
  • the pre-loaded tensile forces of all lines should be higher than the weight of the part(s) to be installed. In that case, the foundation remains stable, since it will not be pushed further down due to the extra weight applied.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved down depending on the weight of only one part of the to be installed parts of the wind turbine and steps c] and d] are repeated at least twice. It is possible to apply a first tensile force onto the lines which depends on a first part to be installed. After this first part has been installed, the tensile force in the lines is reduced by the weight of the part which was installed. If then a further part is to be installed, the lines may be tensioned again by a force depending on the weight of the further part to be installed. Thus, the foundation is moved down step by step. This results in less tensile stress applied to the lines, since the tensile force applied depends only on the weight of one or a plurality of parts to be installed. Before tensioning, it may be possible to apply a ballast to the foundation to move it down by the ballast, then reel in slack of the lines and after that remove the ballast. The lines are then also tensioned and apply a tension force onto the foundation.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved down depending on the weight of all to be installed parts of the wind turbine and steps c] and d] are performed only once.
  • the installation time is reduced, since only once the foundation is moved down.
  • the tensile stress is higher than in the embodiment above, however, only one step of applying the tensile forces is necessary.
  • step d] and prior to step e the tensioning of the mooring system is released after all parts of the wind turbine are installed on the floating foundation.
  • the remaining amount of vertical movement, after the installation of the part(s) is finished, is the safety margin. It is proposed to release the tensioning prior to step e). By releasing the tensioning, the foundation will be put in free floating state.
  • the at least one anchor is installed at least on one of on-shore, for instance at the quay, underwater at the quay, underwater on the seabed.
  • an anchor is necessary for moving the foundation down.
  • each line is attached to an anchor.
  • the anchors can be installed at least in parts on-shore.
  • the foundation can only be moved vertically by the vertical distance between the attachment point and the anchor.
  • An anchor may also be installed under water, for instance at the quay. This allows affixing the anchor at the quay wall.
  • Another option is to install the anchor in sea-bed, as explained above.
  • the anchor is at least one of a caisson, a gravity anchor, a pile founded in sea-bed and a bollard.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved up such that a majority of the floating foundation is still under water. This vertical movement results in lifting the foundation in parts out of the water.
  • a secondary crane system is installed to lift the foundation in addition to the crane required to lift the parts to be installed. The amount of movement may be less than in the embodiment above, since it may only account for the maximum height of waves to be expected.
  • the vertical upward movement may be obtained by applying a lifting or pulling force onto the foundation, e.g. by a lifting crane and tension lines. After the lifting operation, the lines apply a tension force onto the foundation to keep it in the moved position. It may also be possible to de-ballast the foundation to have it moving up, then reel in any slack in the tension lines, ballast the foundation again by which the lines keep the foundation in the lifted position.
  • the lines are attached to the foundation, and the foundation is moved up by only a “safety margin” required to negate the impact of the waves. Then, the part(s) to be installed are placed onto the foundation, adding weight to the foundation. The lines need to carry both the weight of the foundation (less its remaining buoyancy) and the weight of the part(s) to be installed.
  • the floating foundation is vertically moved up such that the tension forces of all the lines is a fraction of the weight of the floating foundation.
  • the sum of the tensile forces may be equal or higher (i.e. a safety margin) than the buoyancy of the foundation caused by the highest expected wave.
  • step d) when the floating foundation is vertically moved up, in step d) only a part of the to be installed parts of the wind turbine are installed, and prior to step e), the floating foundation is vertically moved down to reduce tensioning of the mooring system, wherein the floating foundation is still pulled up relative to water level and steps d) is repeated.
  • the foundation After a first part is installed, the foundation may be lowered and the thus added buoyancy may reduce the tension force in the lines until the tension force is returned to only the safety margin. This is preferred not to exceed the maximum tensile strength of the lines.
  • Fig. la a first installation system for pulling the foundation downward in untensioned state according to embodiments
  • Fig. lb the installation system of Fig. 1 in tensioned state
  • Fig. 2a an on-shore lifting of the installation according to embodiments;
  • Fig. 3 a second installation system for moving the foundation upward according to embodiments
  • Fig. 6a a mooring system with tension lines according to embodiments
  • Fig. 7 a flowchart of a method according to embodiments.
  • a tensioning system may be installed. This may be a winch.
  • the tensioning system may be put into operation.
  • the lines 8 are hauled such that they exert a pull down force onto the foundation 2.
  • the foundation 2 is pulled vertically down.
  • the lines 8 are fully tensioned.
  • the foundation 2 is pulled vertically down compared to Fig. la.
  • the buoyant force of the foundation 2 is increased due to the pulling down.
  • the increased buoyant force is compensated by the sum of all tension forces of all lines 8. It should be noted that the vertical component of the tension force needs to be taken into account.
  • a crane 18a lifts parts of a wind turbine 18a onto the foundation 2.
  • the crane 18a is in Fig. 2a installed at an on-shore installation site.
  • Fig. 2b shows an installation site in shallow waters, however, off. Shore.
  • the crane 18b an be installed on jack-up barge 5. As can be seen, it is not necessary that the installation site is immediately within a harbour basin or at a quayside.
  • Fig 7 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to embodiments.
  • an installation site can be constructed in step 42.
  • the construction can include dredging, reinforcement of the quay, installation of at least a first crane 18a, potentially a secondary crane 20, anchors 12.
  • mooring line 8 may be attached and secured at the quay 4 or provided with floating aids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante comprenant les étapes consistant à positionner la fondation flottante au niveau d'un système d'ancrage, b) fixer un système d'amarrage à la fondation flottante positionnée, c) déplacer la fondation flottante verticalement par rapport au niveau d'eau, la quantité de mouvement étant telle que la fondation flotte toujours au moins partiellement à l'intérieur de l'eau, installer au moins des parties de la turbine éolienne sur la fondation déplacée verticalement, détacher le système d'amarrage de la fondation flottante.
PCT/EP2023/050234 2023-01-06 2023-01-06 Procédé et système d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante WO2024146699A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2023/050234 WO2024146699A1 (fr) 2023-01-06 2023-01-06 Procédé et système d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2023/050234 WO2024146699A1 (fr) 2023-01-06 2023-01-06 Procédé et système d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante

Publications (1)

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WO2024146699A1 true WO2024146699A1 (fr) 2024-07-11

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PCT/EP2023/050234 WO2024146699A1 (fr) 2023-01-06 2023-01-06 Procédé et système d'installation au moins de parties d'une turbine éolienne sur une fondation flottante

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210355917A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2021-11-18 Vestas Offshore Wind A/S Floating wind turbine generator installation
WO2021255509A1 (fr) * 2020-06-19 2021-12-23 Zhiyong Yang Plateforme flottante à colonnes inclinées
WO2022108456A1 (fr) * 2020-11-20 2022-05-27 Ægir Harvest As Appareil de manipulation et procédé d'accouplement d'un module

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210355917A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2021-11-18 Vestas Offshore Wind A/S Floating wind turbine generator installation
WO2021255509A1 (fr) * 2020-06-19 2021-12-23 Zhiyong Yang Plateforme flottante à colonnes inclinées
WO2022108456A1 (fr) * 2020-11-20 2022-05-27 Ægir Harvest As Appareil de manipulation et procédé d'accouplement d'un module

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