WO2024139652A1 - Antenna apparatus and feed network assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna apparatus and a feed network assembly. The feed network assembly comprises: a dielectric substrate, a feed network layer, a ground plate, and a ground layer. The feed network layer is connected to one side surface of the dielectric substrate, and the feed network layer is provided with a feed line. On one hand, a dielectric located above the feed network layer is the dielectric substrate, a dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is ε, a cavity structure is located below the feed network layer, and the cavity structure is an air cavity, resulting in that such a strip line structure may have an equivalent dielectric constant ε' lower than the dielectric constant ε, so that the feed network assembly has low loss characteristics; and on the other hand, the feed network layer is sandwiched between two ground layers by means of the strip line structure, so that the strip line structure may not easily be affected by the outside and electromagnetic interference, and particularly, the radiation effect from an antenna oscillator is reduced, thereby enabling the antenna oscillator to obtain a more linear amplitude phase, ensuring better radiation performance, and achieving a good anti-interference effect.

Description

Antenna device and feeding network components Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna device and a feeding network component.

Background technique

With the continuous development and popularization of the fifth generation of mobile communication technology (Generation Mobile Communication Technology, 5G), the industrial Internet has also accelerated its advancement. With the explosive growth of data traffic, mobile communication technology has gradually evolved in the direction of large bandwidth, high speed and low latency. At present, most of the mainstream 5G frequency bands use higher frequency bands such as 2.6GHz and 3.5GHz. Although larger bandwidth resources can be obtained, the higher the frequency, the more obvious the feeder loss will be. The loss of the feed network has become an important factor affecting the development of antennas and is not conducive to improving the efficiency of antennas. In addition, the antenna vibrator (also called the radiation unit) of the 5G antenna mostly uses a patch vibrator. The vibrator has a low profile and light weight, but the low profile of the vibrator has a great influence on the feed network, causing the amplitude and phase of the feed network to change due to interference.

Summary of the invention

Based on this, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an antenna device and a feeding network component, which can greatly reduce the loss and have good anti-interference performance.

The technical solution is as follows: a feeding network component, the feeding network component comprising:

A PCB feeding circuit board, the PCB feeding circuit board comprising a dielectric substrate and a grounding layer and a feeding network layer respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the feeding network layer being provided with a feeding circuit;

A ground plate is disposed below the feed network layer, and the ground plate is provided with a cavity structure at a position corresponding to the feed line to form a cavity between the feed line and the ground plate.

In one of the embodiments, the ground plate is provided with a groove or a hollow groove at a position corresponding to the feeder line, and the inner space of the groove or the hollow groove forms the cavity structure.

In one of the embodiments, the groove or the hollow groove is a line groove adapted to the shape of the feeding line.

In one of the embodiments, the depth of the groove is 1 mm-2 mm.

In one of the embodiments, the feed network layer further includes a first ground layer and a second ground layer disposed around the feed line, and the first ground layer and the second ground layer form a coplanar waveguide structure with the feed network.

In one of the embodiments, the ground layer, the coplanar waveguide structure, and the ground plate are interconnected to form a common ground.

In one of the embodiments, the ground layer is provided with at least one hollow area, and a metal pad located in the hollow area and having a gap with the inner wall of the hollow area; the metal pad is used to be electrically connected to the antenna element; the dielectric substrate is also provided with a conductive through hole, and the conductive through hole is electrically connected to the metal pad and the output end of the feeder circuit respectively.

In one of the embodiments, the feed network layer and the ground plate are connected and fixed to each other via at least one fastener, and/or connected and fixed to each other via adhesive.

In one embodiment, isolation strips are respectively provided on two opposite sides of the ground plate.

An antenna device, the antenna device also includes the feeding network component and an antenna element, the antenna element is arranged on the ground layer and connected to the feeding line.

In one of the embodiments, the antenna device further comprises a reflector, and the ground plane is provided by the reflector.

In one of the embodiments, the antenna device further comprises a metal cavity filter, and the housing of the metal cavity filter also serves as the reflector.

In the above-mentioned antenna device and feeding network component, on the one hand, the medium located above the feeding network layer is a dielectric substrate, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is ε, and the medium located below the feeding network layer is a cavity structure, and the cavity structure forms an air cavity, so that such a stripline structure can obtain an equivalent dielectric constant ε' lower than the dielectric constant ε, thereby making the feeding network component have a low-loss characteristic; on the other hand, such a stripline structure sandwiches the feeding network layer between two layers of ground, which is not easily affected by external impact and electromagnetic interference, and in particular can reduce the radiation influence from the antenna vibrator, so that the antenna vibrator can obtain a more linear amplitude phase, ensuring better radiation performance and having a good anti-interference effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the decomposed structure of a feed network component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a feed network layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

10. Feed network component; 11. Dielectric substrate; 111. Conductive via; 12. Feed network layer; 121. Feed line; 122. First ground layer; 123. Second ground layer; 13. Ground plate; 131. Cavity structure; 132. Isolation strip; 14. Ground layer; 141. Hollow area; 15. Metal pad; 20. Antenna vibrator; 30. Radome.

Detailed ways

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a feed network component 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a feed network layer 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground plate 13 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A feed network component 10 provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a PCB feed circuit board and a ground plate 13. The PCB feed circuit board comprises a dielectric substrate 11 and a ground layer 14 and a feed network layer 12 respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 11, and the feed network layer 12 is provided with a feed line. The ground plate 14 is arranged below the feed network layer 12, and the ground plate 14 is provided with a cavity structure at a position corresponding to the feed line to form a cavity between the feed line and the ground plate 14.

In the above-mentioned feed network component 10, on the one hand, the medium located above the feed network layer 12 is a dielectric substrate 11, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 11 is ε. The medium located below the feed network layer 12 is a cavity structure 131, and the cavity structure 131 forms an air cavity, so that such a stripline structure can obtain an equivalent dielectric constant ε' lower than the dielectric constant ε, thereby making the feed network component 10 have a low loss characteristic; on the other hand, such a stripline structure sandwiches the feed network layer 12 between two layers of ground, which is not easily affected by external impact and electromagnetic interference, and in particular can reduce the radiation influence from the antenna element 20, so that the antenna element 20 can obtain a more linear amplitude phase, ensuring better radiation performance and having a good anti-interference effect.

In one embodiment, the ground plate 14 is provided with a groove or a hollow groove at a position corresponding to the feeding line, and the inner space of the groove or the hollow groove forms a cavity structure 131 .

In addition, when the cavity structure 131 is a groove, the bottom wall of the groove is equivalent to the ground layer of the feed line 121, and compared with the hollow groove, it is beneficial to improve the structural strength and stability; when the cavity structure 131 is a hollow groove, since the ground plate 13 is also electrically connected to the cavity of the power divider or filter, the power divider or filter of the antenna is used to further realize the ground layer of the feed line 121.

2 to 4 , in one embodiment, the cavity structure 131 is a line groove adapted to the shape of the feed line 121. In this way, a line groove corresponding to the shape and position of the feed line 121 is provided on the ground plate 13, so that the air cavity can be formed to reduce the loss while ensuring the structural strength of the ground plate 13.

It should be noted that the depth of the groove can determine the height of the air cavity, and the depth of the groove can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs. The specific setting is not limited here.

In one embodiment, the depth of the groove is 1mm-2mm. Thus, the height of the air cavity formed by the groove is 1mm-2mm. It has been found through research that when it is set within this range, it can ensure that the feed network layer 12 has good low-loss performance, is more conducive to engineering implementation, and has good overall structural stability.

Of course, in some other embodiments, the depth of the groove may also be set to any value less than 1 mm and greater than 2 mm, and the specific setting is not limited here.

Referring to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, the feed network layer 12 is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate 11. And/or, the ground layer 14 is printed on the other side of the dielectric substrate 11. In this way, the circuit board processing technology is used for batch production, which can ensure the processing quality and processing efficiency.

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , in one embodiment, the feed network layer 12 further includes a first grounding layer 122 and a second grounding layer 123 disposed around the feed line 121. The first grounding layer 122 and the second grounding layer 123 form a coplanar waveguide structure with the feed line 121, that is, each of them is grounded. The network layer 12 is configured as a coplanar waveguide structure, which can suppress mutual coupling between lines; on the other hand, since the first grounding layer 122 and the second grounding layer 123 are grounded, this is equivalent to grounding the grounding plate 13, the grounding layer 14, the first grounding layer 122 and the second grounding layer 123 are all grounded, which can further improve the shielding performance.

Please refer to Figures 2 to 4. In one embodiment, the first grounding layer 122 is electrically connected to the grounding plate 13 and the grounding layer 14, respectively, and the second grounding layer 123 is electrically connected to the grounding plate 13 and the grounding layer 14, respectively. Specifically, the first grounding layer 122, the grounding plate 13, and the grounding layer 14 include but are not limited to being electrically connected through at least one metallized via, and can also be fastened and connected, for example, by metal screws. Similarly, the second grounding layer 123, the grounding plate 13, and the grounding layer 14 include but are not limited to being electrically connected through at least one metallized via, and can also be fastened and connected, for example, by metal screws. In this way, the first grounding layer 122 and the second conductive grounding layer 123, that is, the ground of the coplanar waveguide structure, are electrically connected to the grounding plate 13 and the grounding layer 14, respectively, forming a common grounding effect of the three. The common grounding of the three makes this feed network layer 12 have quite stable performance and very good shielding effect, and has good anti-interference characteristics.

Please refer to Figures 2, 3 and 5. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the grounding layer 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the grounding layer 14 is provided with at least one hollow area 141, and a metal pad 15 located in the hollow area 141 and having a gap with the inner wall of the hollow area 141. The metal pad 15 is used to be electrically connected to the antenna vibrator 20. The dielectric substrate 11 is also provided with a conductive through hole 111, and the conductive through hole 111 is electrically connected to the metal pad 15 and the output end of the feed line 121 respectively. In this way, on the one hand, the feed line 121 of the feed network layer 12 is electrically connected to the antenna vibrator 20 through the conductive through hole 111 and the metal pad 15, so that the signal is transmitted between the feed line 121 and the antenna vibrator 20; on the other hand, the antenna vibrator 20 is installed on the grounding layer 14 by welding to the metal pad 15. In addition, the ground layer 14 is only provided with a hollow area 141, and a metal pad 15 is provided in the hollow area 141 with a gap between the inner wall of the hollow area 141, so as to shield the antenna vibrator 20 from radiating to the feeding network layer 12, resulting in coupling effect, and reducing electromagnetic interference.

The number of hollow areas 141 corresponds to the number of metal pads 15. In addition, the number of hollow areas 141 and metal pads 15 is not limited to one, and the specific number and arrangement position are flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs and are not limited here.

In one embodiment, the feed network layer 12 and the ground plate 13 are connected and fixed to each other via at least one fastener and/or connected and fixed to each other via adhesive.

Optionally, the fasteners include but are not limited to screws, bolts, pins, rivets, chains, etc., and the specific settings are flexibly selected and set according to actual needs. In addition, specifically, the fasteners include but are not limited to metal rivets, plastic screws, plastic pins, plastic rivets, plastic screws or plastic pins, etc.

1 and 2, in one embodiment, two opposite sides of the ground plane 13 are provided with isolation strips 132. Thus, by providing the isolation strips 132, the isolation can be improved to ensure the performance of the antenna.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 4. In one embodiment, an antenna device, the antenna device also includes the feeding network component 10 of any of the above embodiments, and also includes: an antenna element 20, the antenna element 20 is arranged on the ground layer 14 and connected to the feeding line 121.

In the above-mentioned antenna device, on the one hand, the medium located above the feed network layer 12 is the dielectric substrate 11, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 11 is ε. The medium located below the feed network layer 12 is the cavity structure 131, and the cavity structure 131 forms an air cavity, so that such a stripline structure can obtain an equivalent dielectric constant ε' lower than the dielectric constant ε, thereby making the feed network component 10 have a low loss characteristic; on the other hand, such a stripline structure sandwiches the feed network layer 12 between two layers of ground, which is not easily affected by external impact and electromagnetic interference, and in particular can reduce the radiation influence from the antenna element 20, so that the antenna element 20 can obtain a more linear amplitude phase, ensuring better radiation performance and having a good anti-interference effect.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 . Specifically, the antenna element 20 is fixed on the metal pad 15 by welding, for example, and signal transmission with the feed network layer 12 is achieved through the metal pad 15 .

Please refer to FIG. 1 . Specifically, there are multiple antenna elements 20, for example, and the multiple antenna elements 20 are spaced in sequence. The intervals are set to form an array.

In one embodiment, the antenna device further comprises a reflector. The ground plane 13 is provided by the reflector.

In one embodiment, the antenna device further includes a metal cavity filter, and a housing of the metal cavity filter also serves as a reflector.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, the antenna device further includes an antenna cover 30 . The antenna cover 30 is disposed outside the antenna element 20 .

It should be noted that the "isolation strip 132" can be "a part of the grounding plate 13", that is, the "isolation strip 132" is integrally formed with the "other parts of the grounding plate 13"; it can also be an independent component that can be separated from the "other parts of the grounding plate 13", that is, the "isolation strip 132" can be independently manufactured and then combined with the "other parts of the grounding plate 13" into a whole. In one embodiment, the "isolation strip 132" is a part of the "grounding plate 13" that is integrally formed.

The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on The orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an element in the middle. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element in the middle. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and "upper" as used herein are also referred to as "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and "lower". and similar expressions are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementations.

Claims (12)

1. A feeding network component, characterized in that the feeding network component comprises:

   A PCB feeding circuit board, the PCB feeding circuit board comprising a dielectric substrate and a grounding layer and a feeding network layer respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the feeding network layer being provided with a feeding circuit;

   A ground plate is disposed below the feed network layer, and the ground plate is provided with a cavity structure at a position corresponding to the feed line to form a cavity between the feed line and the ground plate.
2. The feeding network component according to claim 1 is characterized in that the grounding plate is provided with a groove or a hollow groove at a position corresponding to the feeding line, and the space inside the groove or the hollow groove forms the cavity structure.
3. The feed network component according to claim 2 is characterized in that the groove or the hollow groove is a line groove adapted to the shape of the feed line.
4. The feed network component according to claim 3, characterized in that the depth of the groove is 1 mm-2 mm.
5. The feed network component according to claim 1 is characterized in that the feed network layer also includes a first ground layer and a second ground layer arranged around the feed line, and the first ground layer and the second ground layer form a coplanar waveguide structure with the feed network.
6. The feed network component according to claim 5, characterized in that the ground layer, the coplanar waveguide structure, and the ground plate are interconnected to a common ground.
7. The feed network component according to claim 1 is characterized in that at least one hollow area is provided on the ground layer, and a metal pad located in the hollow area and having a gap with the inner wall of the hollow area; the metal pad is used to be electrically connected to the antenna element; and a conductive through hole is also provided on the dielectric substrate, and the conductive through hole is electrically connected to the metal pad and the output end of the feed line respectively.
8. The feed network assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed network layer and the ground plate are connected and fixed to each other by at least one fastener, and/or connected to each other by adhesive. fixed.
9. The feed network assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that isolation strips are respectively provided on opposite sides of the ground plate.
10. An antenna device, characterized in that the antenna device also includes the feeding network component according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and also includes: an antenna element, wherein the antenna element is arranged on the ground layer and connected to the feeding line.
11. The antenna device according to claim 10 is characterized in that the antenna device also includes a reflection plate, and the ground plane is provided by the reflection plate.
12. According to the antenna device according to claim 11, the antenna device also includes a metal cavity filter, and the shell of the metal cavity filter also serves as the reflection plate.