WO2024134905A1

WO2024134905A1 - Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Info

Publication number: WO2024134905A1
Application number: PCT/JP2022/047753
Authority: WO
Inventors: 翔平吉岡; 真由子岡野; 聡永田; ウェンジャリュー; ギョウリンコウ; ジンワン; ランチン
Original assignee: 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ
Priority date: 2022-12-23
Filing date: 2022-12-23
Publication date: 2024-06-27

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a reception unit and a control unit. The reception unit receives information for determination of a type that is based on at least one of whether sensing is to use cooperation between a plurality of devices, whether the sensing is to use a signal for communication, whether the sensing is to use a signal for radar, and whether the sensing is to use a signal for both communication and radar. The control unit controls at least one of transmission and reception for the sensing on the basis of the information. One aspect of the present disclosure makes it possible to appropriately perform wireless sensing over a wireless communication system.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher capacity and greater sophistication over LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also under consideration.

Wireless sensing is being considered for future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR).

However, the details of wireless sensing have not been fully considered. If the details of wireless sensing are not clear, there is a risk that sensing quality/communication quality will decrease.

Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that appropriately perform wireless sensing in a wireless communication system.

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives information for determining a type based on at least one of whether the sensing uses cooperation between multiple devices, whether the sensing uses a signal for communication, whether the sensing uses a signal for radar, and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar, and a control unit that controls at least one of transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, wireless sensing can be appropriately performed in a wireless communication system.

1A to 1C show examples of sensing method 1 and sensing method 2. FIG. 2A and 2B show an example of sensing method 3. 3A and 3B show an example of an LFM radar signal. 4A through 4D show an example of a pulsed radar signal. 5A and 5B show an example area/scenario of embodiment #1-1. 6A and 6B show another example of an area/scenario for embodiment #1-1. 7A to 7C show an example of Type 1 of embodiment #1-1-1. 8A to 8D show an example of Type 2 of embodiment #1-1-1. 9A to 9C show an example of Type 1 of embodiment #1-1-2. 10A and 10B show an example of Type 2 of embodiment #1-1-2. 11A to 11C show an example of Type 1 of embodiment #1-1-3. 12A to 12C show an example of Type 2 of embodiment #1-1-3. 13A to 13C show an example of Type 3 of embodiment #1-1-3. FIG. 14 shows an example of a sensing information collection request in embodiment #2-1. 15A to 15C show an example of sensing information collection in embodiment #2-2. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

(Wireless sensing technology)
Sensing technologies that use radio waves (wireless sensing technology, object detection, etc.) are being studied. Wireless sensing technology is thought to have the following advantages compared to other sensing technologies:
- Sensing using moving images or infrared rays can only be applied in specific directions, whereas wireless sensing technology is not limited by direction and can take advantage of characteristics such as diffraction.
- Wireless sensing technology can be implemented at low cost compared to video capture functions.

With wireless sensing technology, it is possible to collect sensing results at a base station (BS) and use the collected information to generate advanced cyberspace, or to use the collected information as feedback to the real space.

(ISAC)
As integrated sensing and communications (ISAC), sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing are considered. As sensing-assisted communication, sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation are considered. As communication-assisted sensing, network sensing and coordinated sensing are considered. To realize them, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI)/deep learning (DL) operation radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. In addition, as shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC, higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing are considered.

In ISAC, the challenges are a unified waveform that simultaneously meets the requirements for communication (e.g., OFDM signal) and sensing (e.g., chirp signal), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmission signal, reception signal) and sensing (e.g., echo signal, transmission signal, reflection signal) by beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI/DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmission signal) and radar (e.g., DL radar signal).

Three types of radar and communication systems are considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware/bands. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following focuses on ISAC systems in which hardware and bands are shared between radar and communication systems.

Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic/multistatic radar, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications. The separate hardware may be co-located or in separate locations.

The joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

The integrated system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

In the ISAC system, sensing can be achieved in three ways:
[Sensing method 1] Monostatic sensing, which uses the idea of monostatic radar.
[Sensing method 2] Bistatic/multistatic sensing using bistatic radar/multistatic radar.
[Sensing method 3] Sensing aided by UE (UE-assisted sensing) using the idea of NR positioning.

Sensing method 1 requires one BS or UE, and sensing is performed by echo signals. In sensing method 1, there is no BS-BS cooperation, UE-UE cooperation, or BS-UE cooperation. In sensing method 1, full duplex is required, and a low SNR of the echo signal is required. A use case of sensing method 1 is, for example, imaging using terahertz.

Sensing method 2 requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and sensing is performed by reflected signals. In sensing method 2, half duplex is sufficient. In sensing method 2, close synchronization and coordination between BSs or UEs is required, and scheduling coordination between multiple BSs is required. A use case of sensing method 2 is, for example, positioning.

Sensing method 3 requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed by communication (UL/DL) signals. In sensing method 3, the existing 5G NR framework operates. In sensing method 3, a UE is required, and both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. A use case of sensing method 3 is, for example, breath monitoring.

In the ISAC system, each of the multiple sensing methods has its own suitable scenario, requirements regarding BS/UE capabilities, and sensing accuracy/performance. Sensing method 1 is suitable for BS/UE with full duplex, sensing targets close to the BS or UE. Sensing method 2 is suitable for BS/UE without full duplex, sensing targets far from the BS or UE. Sensing method 3 is suitable for BS/UE with high capabilities.

Scenarios suitable for sensing method 1 include sensing targets close to the sensing BS or UE, high or medium SNR of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for sensing method 1 include full duplex (a high requirement) at the BS or UE. Sensing performance of sensing method 1 includes high accuracy with no quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

Scenarios suitable for sensing method 2 include very tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for sensing method 2 include half-duplex (low requirement), synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (high requirement). Sensing performance of sensing method 2 includes high accuracy with no quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and moderate latency.

Scenarios suitable for sensing method 3 include communicating UEs around the sensing target. The capacity requirements of sensing method 3 are UEs with high computational resources (high requirements). The sensing performance of sensing method 3 includes medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.

In 6G and beyond, multiple sensing methods and capabilities may coexist within one ISAC system. However, there has been insufficient consideration given to how to support multiple sensing methods and multiple signals within one system, and how to design the measurements and reports required for different sensing methods. Unless these issues are clarified, there is a risk that this could lead to a deterioration in sensing accuracy/communication quality.

The inventors therefore investigated signaling regarding sensing types, definitions and signaling of UE/BS capabilities, and measurement and reporting mechanisms.

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings. Each of the following embodiments (e.g., each case) may be used alone, or at least two of them may be combined and applied.

In this disclosure, "A/B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, "A/B/C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

In this disclosure, terms such as activate, deactivate, indicate, select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, can be controlled, operate, and can operate may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation/deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, or any combination thereof.

In the present disclosure, the MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

In the present disclosure, the physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), etc.

In this disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

In this disclosure, "having the ability to..." may be read interchangeably as "supporting/reporting the ability to..."

(Wireless communication method)
The terms used in each embodiment will be explained below.

The sensing method may be at least one of sensing methods 1 to 3 described above. The multiple sensing methods may require different capabilities on the UE/BS. Sensing method 1 may require full-duplex capability at the BS or UE. Sensing method 2 may require precise synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs. Sensing method 3 may require communication capability at the sensing target or high computational complexity capability.

The sensing signal may be a signal for a sensing function.

The sensing signal may be at least one of a communication signal and a communication waveform. The sensing signal may be a signal with at least one of CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM waveforms in a communication system. The signal may be, for example, at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, SSB, PDSCH, and PUSCH.

The sensing signal may be at least one of a radar signal and a radar waveform. The sensing signal may be a signal with at least one of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), a linear frequency modulation (LFM), and a chirp waveform (CW) in a radar system.

The sensing signal may be at least one of an ISAC signal and an ISAC waveform.

The UE may be a terminal with communication capabilities. The sensing target may or may not have communication capabilities.

In the example of monostatic sensing of sensing method 1 in FIG. 1A, a communication signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. A sensing signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted from the BS or the UE to the sensing target. The BS or the UE may receive an echo signal from the sensing target.

In the example of bistatic sensing of sensing method 2 in FIG. 1B, a communication signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. A sensing signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted from the BS or the UE to the sensing target. The associated BS1 or the associated UE may receive a reflected signal from the sensing target.

In the example of multistatic sensing of sensing method 2 in FIG. 1C, a communication signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. A sensing signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted from the BS or the UE to the sensing target. The associated BS1 and associated BS2 or the associated UE1 and associated UE2 may receive a reflected signal from the sensing target.

In the example of UE-assisted sensing of sensing method 3 in FIG. 2A, a sensing signal or ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. The UE may be a sensing target.

In another example of UE-assisted sensing of sensing method 3 in FIG. 2B, a sensing signal or ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. The UE may or may not be a sensing target. The UE may receive a reflected signal from the sensing target.

In 5G wireless sensing, 5G system (5GS) capabilities provide the capability to use NR RF signals to obtain information about at least one of the characteristics of an environment and objects in the environment. The information may include at least one of the shape, size, speed, location, distance, and relative movement between multiple objects. In some cases, 5GS capabilities may provide the capability to obtain information that is predefined in EPC/E-UTRA.

The sensing transmitter may be an entity that emits sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be an NR radio access network (RAN) node or a UE. The sensing transmitter may be located in the same entity as the sensing receiver or in a different entity than the sensing receiver.

The sensing receiver may be an entity that receives sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing receiver may be an NR RAN node or a UE. The sensing receiver may be located within the same entity as the sensing transmitter or may be located within a different entity than the sensing transmitter.

A sensing group may be a set of one or more UEs that support sensing operations. The locations of all UEs in the set of UEs may be known. Sensing measurement data for the set of UEs may be collected simultaneously.

The sensing measurement data may be data collected about radio/wireless signals that are affected by the object or environment targeted for sensing.

The sensing measurement process may be the process of collecting sensing measurement data.

The sensing result may be information derived from processing the sensing measurement data. For example, the sensing result may be a characteristic of the object or the environment.

For wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing, sensing types, sensing settings, and sensing procedures are defined.

Sensing types include monostatic, monostatic with coordination (two or more transmitters and receivers), bistatic, bistatic with coordination (two or more receivers), multistatic, and passive sensing.

The sensing configuration includes any of a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver, a sensing initiator, and a sensing responder. Any of cases 1 to 4 based on different combinations of sensing transmitters, sensing receivers, sensing initiators, and sensing responders may be configured. In case 1, the sensing initiator has the function of a sensing receiver and sends a request to the sensing responder. The sensing responder has the function of a sensing transmitter and sends a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) in response to the request. The sensing initiator receives the PPDU. In case 2, the sensing initiator has the function of a sensing transmitter and sends a PPDU. The sensing responder has the function of a sensing receiver, receives the PPDU, and sends a report based on the reception to the sensing initiator. In case 3, the sensing initiator has the function of both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, and sends and receives PPDUs. The sensing responder has the functionality of both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, transmits and receives PPDUs, and transmits reports based on the reception to the sensing initiator. In case 3, the sensing initiator does not have the functionality of either a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver, and transmits requests. The sensing responder has the functionality of both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, transmits and receives PPDUs in response to requests, and transmits reports based on the reception to the sensing initiator.

In the sensing procedure, sensing requirements/sensing services may be initiated by a sensing initiator. The sensing procedure includes, in order, a sensing session setup, a sensing measurement setup, a sensing measurement instance, a sensing measurement termination, and a sensing session termination.

In the function of the radar signal in each embodiment, the radar signal may have high sensing performance or may be designed for sensing. The form of the radar signal in each embodiment may be a pulse signal in one or more subcarriers or one or more frequency resources, a pulse signal in one or more OFDM symbols or one or more time resources, or a continuous signal with chirp/LFM characteristics. These signals may be generated in an NR (5G advanced (5GA) or 6G or later) system, or may be generated by another integrated non-NR/5GA/6G system.

The radar method and the sensing method using the radar signal may be the monostatic/bistatic/multistatic sensing described above.

As in the example of FIG. 3A, the LFM radar signal may be one subcarrier in OFDM. As in the example of FIG. 3B, the LFM radar signal may be a chirp signal.

As in the example of FIG. 4A, the radar (sensing) signal may be a pulsed radar signal with regular intervals. Each pulse may be a chirp signal. As in the example of FIG. 4B, the radar signal may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM) with the communication signal.

As in the example of FIG. 4C, the radar (sensing) signal may be a continuous pulsed radar signal. Each pulse may be a chirp signal. As in the example of FIG. 4D, the radar signal may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM) with the communication signal.

In each embodiment, the sensing transmitter may be a BS/UE/wireless communication device. In each embodiment, the sensing receiver may be a BS/UE/wireless communication device. In each embodiment, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be one BS/UE/sensing transceiver/wireless communication device.

In each embodiment, the sensing target may or may not have communication capabilities. In each embodiment, the sensing target may include a UE.

In each embodiment, sensing target and target may be read as interchangeable. In each embodiment, sensing, wireless sensing and measurement may be read as interchangeable.

In each embodiment, the echo signal, the signal impacted by the object, the signal reflected by the object, the signal refracted by the object, the signal diffracted by the object, the signal transmitted and received by the sensing transceiver, and the signal received by the sensing receiver may be interchangeable. In each embodiment, the communication signal, RS, radar signal, hybrid communication and radar signal, integrated signal, ISAC signal, and sensing signal may be interchangeable.

In each embodiment, a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver in the same location, a sensing transceiver, an integrated sensing transceiver, and a BS may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In each embodiment, the terms BS, UE, IAB, repeater, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), sensing transmitter, sensing receiver, sensing transceiver, wireless communication device, and target may be interchangeable. In each embodiment, the terms BS, network (NW), core network, and sensing server may be interchangeable.

In each embodiment, UE group, sensor group, UE set, and sensor set may be interpreted as interchangeable.

<Embodiment #1>
This embodiment relates to the definition of a sensing type.

Multiple sensing types may be supported within a single ISAC system.

The high degree of freedom in the configuration of sensing transmitters/sensing receivers and sensing initiators/sensing responders may complicate the system. To reduce the signaling overhead and system complexity, some pre-configurations for sensing types may be defined.

-Embodiment #1-1
A plurality of sensing types may be defined. The sensing type may be defined as a higher layer parameter. For example, the higher layer parameter may be an RRC parameter or a broadcast parameter such as SIB/MIB. The setting/instruction may follow embodiment #1-2.

Based on the capabilities of the BS/UE, only some of the sensing methods or sensing signals/sensing waveforms may be supported in the corresponding area (coverage area)/scenario. In the sensing services in this area/scenario, the sensing types may be limited to fewer options through configuration in higher layers. This is beneficial in sensing resource allocation and sensing measurement data configuration.

Multiple areas/scenarios may support different sensing methods and sensing signals.

In the example of FIG. 5A, each of the two BSs may be a conventional BS without full-duplex capability and radar signals. Each of the two UEs performs measurements on the RS received from the BS and reports to the BS. In the example of FIG. 5B, in the resource allocation of the RS for RS-based sensing, the frequency resource may change along with the change in the time resource. Data for communication may be allocated to other times/frequencies. In this coverage area A, the supported sensing methods may be sensing

methods

2 and 3. In coverage area A, the supported sensing signal may be a communication signal. The communication signal may be, for example, a PRS or a new RS for sensing.

In the example of FIG. 6A, one new ISAC BS may support full duplex and new waveform generation. The BS performs measurements and does not report on echo signals. In the example of FIG. 6B, in the radar signal resource allocation for radar signal based sensing, the radar signal/radar waveform may be allocated across multiple frequency resources at a specific time resource. The radar waveform may be, for example, FMCW. Data for communication may be allocated at other times/frequencies. In this coverage area B, the supported sensing methods may be sensing

methods

1, 2 and 3. In coverage area B, the supported sensing signal may be a radar signal/radar waveform. The radar waveform may be, for example, a new ISAC waveform.

The sensing methods and sensing signals may be associated with measurement and reporting configurations. The configurations may be, for example, resource allocation for sensing and measurement results for reporting. For smaller overhead and lower complexity for resource allocation and measurement related configurations, the supported sensing methods and sensing signals for different coverage areas/scenarios may be pre-configured by higher layers.

--Embodiment #1-1-1
One or more sensing types based on one or more sensing methods may be defined. The one or more sensing types may be at least one of several types:

[Type 1] Independent sensing at the BS or UE (i.e., monostatic sensing, sensing transmitter and sensing receiver at the same location)
The signal transmitted and received at the sensing transmitter/sensing receiver may be used for sensing the target. The affected sensing signal received at the sensing transmitter/sensing receiver may be used for sensing the target. For the realization of the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver at the same location, full duplex is required at the BS side or UE side.

[Type 2] Collaborative sensing between BS-BS or UE-UE (i.e., collaborative sensing is bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing), or collaborative sensing between BS-UE (i.e., UE-assisted sensing), or distributed sensing transmitter and sensing receiver. Collaborative sensing between BS-UE may be UE-assisted sensing with UL RS or DL RS for sensing. Collaborative sensing between BS-UE may be based on 5G NR positioning method. Collaborative sensing between BS-BS or UE-UE requires accurate synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs.

Type 1 and Type 2 can be easily determined by at least one of full duplex capability at the BS/UE and the location of the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver. If there is no full duplex capability at the BS/UE, then only Type 2 may be supported. Otherwise, both types may be supported.

In the Type 1 example of FIG. 7A, the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located and may be a sensing transceiver. The sensing transceiver transmits a signal and receives an echo signal from the target. The Type 1 example of FIG. 7B is BS-side monostatic sensing. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the BS. The Type 1 example of FIG. 7C is UE-side monostatic sensing. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the UE.

In the Type 2 example of FIG. 8A, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are distributed. The sensing transmitter transmits a signal and the sensing receiver receives the signal affected by the object. The Type 2 example of FIG. 8B is BS-side bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS and the sensing receiver is the associated BS. The Type 2 example of FIG. 8C is UE-side bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the UE and the sensing receiver is the associated UE. The Type 2 example of FIG. 8D is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS and the sensing receiver is the UE, where the BS transmits a communication signal and the UE receives a communication signal from the BS and feeds back the sensing result to the BS.

--Embodiment #1-1-2
One or more sensing types based on forward compatibility may be defined. The one or more sensing types may be at least one of the following types:

[Type 1] UE-assisted sensing UL/DL RS may be used for sensing and feedback. Existing RS or new RS may be defined for sensing. Data (e.g., PUSCH/PDSCH) may be considered as a special case of RS. UE-assisted sensing may be based on 5G NR positioning method. The sensing transmitter may be a BS and the sensing receiver may be a UE. The sensing transmitter may be a UE and the sensing receiver may be a BS.

[Type 2] Novel sensing method with monostatic/bistatic/multistatic sensing Communication signals or radar signals or integrated signals may be used for sensing. The communication signals may be, for example, at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, SSB, PDSCH, and PUSCH. The radar signals may be at least one of FMCW, LFM, and CW. The integrated signals may be novel ISAC signals. The ISAC system may support at least one of monostatic/bistatic/multistatic.

Type 1 and Type 2 can be easily determined depending on whether new sensing capabilities different from 5G NR are supported or the UE is involved in sensing. If new capabilities different from 5G NR positioning are involved, only Type 2 may be supported. If not, both types may be supported. The smaller number of types results in smaller signaling overhead.

In the Type 1 example of FIG. 9A, the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver may be a BS and a UE. The sensing transmitter transmits a signal and the sensing receiver receives an echo signal from the target. The Type 1 example of FIG. 9B is UE-assisted sensing via DL signals. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS and the sensing receiver is a UE. The Type 1 example of FIG. 9C is UE-assisted sensing via UL signals. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a UE and the sensing receiver is a BS.

An example of Type 2 in FIG. 10A is monostatic sensing. In this example, the sensing transceiver is a BS or a UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a signal and receives an echo signal from the target. An example of Type 2 in FIG. 10B is bistatic/multistatic sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS or a UE and the sensing receiver is an associated BS or an associated UE. The sensing transmitter transmits a signal and the sensing receiver receives the signal affected by the target.

--Embodiment #1-1-3
One or more sensing types based on the sensing signal may be defined. The one or more sensing types may be at least one of the following types:

[Type 1] Communication-based Sensing At least one of one or more UEs, one or more objects, and the environment may be sensed by existing or new signals in a communication system.

[Type 2] Radar-based Sensing Through a radar method, at least one of one or more UEs, one or more objects, and the environment may be sensed by a sensing signal/ISAC signal. The sensing signal/ISAC signal may be a radar signal as described above. The radar method may be a monostatic sensing/bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing radar method as described above. One or more sensing methods (monostatic sensing/bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing) may be supported.

[Type 3] Hybrid-based sensing of communication and radar One or more UEs may be sensed by existing or new signals in the communication system. Through a radar method, at least one of one or more objects and the environment may be sensed by communication signals/sensing signals/ISAC signals. The radar method may be the above-mentioned monostatic sensing/bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing radar method. One or more sensing methods (monostatic sensing/bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing) may be supported.

At least one type may be supported by the sensing system. At least one type may be based on Type 1 with methods and signals defined by 5G NR positioning.

These signals are associated with a set of resource allocation and measurement/reporting configurations. By involving pre-configuration based on sensing transmission capabilities, measurement and reporting mechanisms can be configured with fewer options, lower signaling overhead and lower complexity.

An example of Type 1 in FIG. 11A is monostatic sensing at the BS or UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver may be the BS or the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits the communication signal and receives the echo signal from the object. An example of Type 1 in FIG. 11B is bistatic/multistatic sensing at the BS/UE. The sensing transmitter transmits the communication signal and the sensing receiver receives the signal affected by the object. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS or the UE and the sensing receiver is the associated BS or the associated UE. An example of Type 1 in FIG. 11C is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS and the sensing receiver is the UE, the BS transmits the communication signal, the UE receives the communication signal from the BS and feeds back the sensing result to the BS.

An example of Type 2 in FIG. 12A is monostatic sensing at the BS or UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver may be the BS or the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a radar signal and receives an echo signal from the target. An example of Type 2 in FIG. 12B is bistatic/multistatic sensing at the BS/UE. The sensing transmitter transmits a radar signal and the sensing receiver receives the signal affected by the target. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS or the UE and the sensing receiver is an associated BS or an associated UE. An example of Type 2 in FIG. 12C is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS and the sensing receiver is the UE, the BS transmits a radar signal, the UE receives the radar signal from the BS, and feeds back the sensing result to the BS.

An example of Type 3 in FIG. 13A is monostatic sensing at the BS. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the BS. The BS uses communication signals for sensing the UE and radar signals for sensing the target. The BS transmits communication signals and radar signals. The UE receives communication signals from the BS and feeds back the reception results to the BS. The BS receives echo signals from the target and receives feedback from the UE. An example of Type 3 in FIG. 13B is bistatic/multistatic sensing at the BS. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS and the sensing receiver is a cooperating BS. The BS uses communication signals for sensing the UE and radar signals for sensing the target. The BS transmits communication signals and radar signals. The UE receives communication signals from the BS and feeds back the reception results to the BS. The cooperating BS receives signals influenced by the target. The BS receives feedback from the UE. An example of Type 3 in FIG. 13C is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS and the sensing receiver is a UE. The BS uses communication signals to sense the UE and radar signals to sense the target. The BS transmits communication signals and radar signals. The UE receives the communication signals from the BS and the signals affected by the target, and feeds back the reception results to the BS. The BS receives feedback from the UE.

--Embodiment #1-1-4
One or more sensing types based on the sensing signal and the sensing method may be defined. The one or more sensing types may be at least one of the following types:

[Type 1] Communication signal based, UE assisted sensing For example, sensing may be based on UL or DL signals to the UE. The signals may be based on at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, SSB, PDSCH, PUSCH, new RS. The UE has requirements/capabilities for data communication.

[Type 2] Communication signal based, monostatic/bistatic/multistatic sensing For example, sensing may be based on signals from the sensing transmitter (BS/UE) to the sensing receiver (BS/UE). The signals may be at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, SSB, PDSCH, PUSCH, new RS. If a UE is involved, sensing may be independent of whether the UE has requirements/capabilities for data communication or not.

[Type 3] Radar/ISAC signal based UE assisted sensing For example, sensing may be based on UL or DL signals to the UE. The signals may be based on at least one of radar signals, ISAC signals, radar waveforms, and ISAC waveforms. The UE has requirements/capabilities for data communication.

[Type 4] Radar/ISAC signal based, monostatic/bistatic/multistatic sensing For example, sensing may be based on a signal from a sensing transmitter (BS/UE) to a sensing receiver (BS/UE). The signal may be based on at least one of a radar signal, an ISAC signal, a radar waveform, and an ISAC waveform. If a UE is involved, sensing may be independent of whether the UE has requirements/capabilities for data communication.

By separating sensing types in more detail, the dynamic configuration of measurement and reporting mechanisms (e.g., resource allocation and reporting values) can be less complex.

--Embodiment #1-1-5
The sensing type may not be explicitly defined as in embodiments #1-1-1 to #1-1-4, but may be implicitly indicated by the sensing signal and sensing method that are set.

This allows the sensing type to be configured completely dynamically without any pre-configuration.

-Embodiment #1-2
Sensing type configuration/indication/signaling may be defined.

By using the sensing type configuration defined in embodiment #1-1, the determination/configuration of the corresponding measurement and reporting mechanisms can be achieved with low overhead and low complexity.

--Embodiment #1-2-1
The sensing type may be selected based on one or more factors including at least one of the supported signals and the capabilities of the BS/UE/sensing target. The capabilities may be exchanged between multiple devices including the BS/UE. The capabilities may be exchanged by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling. For example, the capabilities may be exchanged by at least one of the RRC IE/MAC CE/DCI/UCI and the X2/Xn interface between multiple BSs, or may be broadcast by SIB/MIB signaling. The sensing type/sensing signal may be selected/determined according to at least one of the following selection methods:

[Selection method 1]
The selection of sensing type and sensing signal may be based on the capabilities of BS/UE. The capabilities of BS/UE involved in sensing may be exchanged/broadcast. In BS with full-duplex capability and UE with high computational complexity/capability, all sensing types may be supported. In BS without full-duplex capability and UE with high computational complexity/capability, sensing type with monostatic sensing may not be supported, and sensing type with at least one of bistatic/multistatic sensing and UE-assisted sensing may be supported. The system may select one sensing type based on performance requirements and configure corresponding resources and procedures. In BS with full-duplex capability and UE with low computational complexity/capability, only sensing type with bistatic/multistatic sensing may be supported.

[Selection method 2]
The selection of sensing type and sensing signal may be based on the supported signals. The BS/UE capabilities for sensing may be exchanged/broadcast. If the BS can generate radar signals, all of the one or more sensing signals may be supported. The one or more sensing signals may include at least one of communication signals, radar signals, and hybrid signals. One or more sensing signals may be selected and transmitted. If the BS cannot generate radar signals, only communication signals may be supported.

[Selection method 3]
The selection of sensing type and sensing signal may be based on the capability of the sensing target. The capability of BS/UE involved in sensing may be exchanged/broadcast. If the sensing target does not have communication capability and there is no UE around, only sensing types with monostatic/bistatic/multistatic sensing may be supported. Otherwise, all sensing types may be supported.

The exchange of capability information may differ due to different definitions of sensing type and sensing signal in embodiment #1-1, or due to different factors of selection in embodiment #1-2-1. By exchanging only required information instead of exchanging all information, the signaling overhead consumed can be reduced.

--Embodiment #1-2-2
The selected sensing type and sensing signal may be indicated by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI/UCI), may be set by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC IE/MAC CE), or may be set by broadcast signaling (e.g., SIB/MIB). For example, one sensing type may be set by higher layer signaling. For example, multiple sensing types may be set by higher layer signaling, and one sensing type among them may be indicated by physical layer signaling. Based on the selected sensing type and sensing signal, the corresponding resources for sensing may be set/indicated by RRC IE/MAC CE/DCI/UCI/SIB/MIB signaling. When bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing is selected, interaction between cooperating BSs may be conducted via existing or new X2/Xn interfaces or via a sensing server.

According to embodiment #1-2-2, the advantages of embodiment #1-1 can be realized.

--Embodiment #1-2-3
Based on the selected sensing type and sensing signal, the corresponding values of measurement and reporting may be determined, may be indicated by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI/UCI), may be set by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC IE/MAC CE), or may be set by broadcast signaling (e.g., SIB/MIB). Details of measurement and reporting of different sensing types and different sensing signals may follow embodiments #1-3.

According to embodiment #1-2-3, the advantages of embodiment #1-1 can be realized.

-Embodiments #1-3
Measurements and reports may be designed for the sensing type and sensing signal.

Measurements at the BS side may be performed based on at least one of the following options:
[Option 1]
Measurements (in monostatic sensing type) may be made based on echo signals at the sensing transceiver, or on signals transmitted and received by the BS, or on signals impinged on the object.
[Option 2]
Measurements may be made based on signals transmitted and received from other BSs (in bistatic/multistatic sensing type) or based on signals transmitted and received from the UE (in UE-assisted sensing type).

Since this is a measurement on the BS side, reporting may not be necessary, but measurement resources may be set/instructed.

Measurements at the UE side may be performed based on at least one of the following options:
[Option 1]
Measurements (in monostatic sensing type) may be made based on echo signals at the sensing transceiver, or on signals transmitted and received by the BS, or on signals impinged on the object.
[Option 2]
Measurements may be made based on signals transmitted and received from the BS (in bistatic/multistatic sensing type) or based on signals transmitted and received from other UEs (in UE-assisted sensing type).

　Reporting of measurements on the UE side may be required. Measurement resources and reporting resources may be configured/indicated.

Measurements at the cooperating BS side may be performed based on signals transmitted and received from another BS. A mechanism for cooperation among multiple BSs may be defined. At least measurement resources may be configured.

In the type of sensing supported by the UE, measurements/sensing using DL may be performed in the UE, and measurements/sensing using UL may be performed in the BS. The results of the measurements/sensing using DL may be reported by the UE.

In the monostatic sensing type, the measurement/sensing may be performed at the UE or at the BS. The result of the measurement/sensing may or may not be reported by the UE.

In the bistatic/multistatic sensing type, the measurement/sensing may be performed in one or more associated BSs or one or more associated UEs. The measurement/sensing results may be reported by one or more associated BSs or one or more associated UEs.

The measurement and reporting mechanism is related to the sensing type/sensing signal. According to embodiment #1-3, the advantages of embodiment #1-1/1-2 can be realized.

According to this embodiment, any appropriate sensing type/sensing signal can be used.

<Embodiment #2>
This embodiment relates to a mechanism for requesting (initiator) and collecting (responder) sensing. Embodiment #1 and embodiment #2 may be combined.

-Embodiment #2-1
The request for collecting sensing information may be in accordance with at least one of the following options:

[Option 1]
The request may be triggered from the BS/network, i.e. the sensing initiator may be the BS/network. The trigger may be according to at least one of several options:
[Option 1] The request is triggered from higher layers/network.
[Option 2] The request is triggered periodically, with a pre-set periodicity.

[Option 2]
The request may be triggered from the UE side, i.e., the sensing initiator may be the UE. The UE may determine the request from an event. The event may be related to communication quality degradation or some new sensing service. The sensing service may be, for example, automated navigation defined in service and systems aspects (SA) 1 of 3GPP. The event may be configured by the BS/network.

As shown in the example of Figure 14, the sensing request/initiator in option 1 is the BS/network side, and the sensing request/initiator in option 2 is the UE side.

-Embodiment #2-2
A request for sensing and information collection/reporting may be signaled from the BS/network to a sensing responder, which may be, for example, one or more other BSs, or one or more UEs, or a UE/sensor group. The collection of sensing information may follow at least one of the following options:

[Option 1]
The information is collected at the BS side from at least one of the BS itself and one or more other BSs through at least one of wireless sensing and one or more sensors other than wireless sensing, which may include at least one of a camera and a LiDAR.

[Option 2]
The information is collected from a UE connected to the BS through at least one of wireless sensing and one or more sensors other than wireless sensing, which may include at least one of a camera and a LiDAR.

[Option 3]
The information is collected from multiple UEs (sensors) in one UE (sensor) group through at least one of wireless sensing and one or more sensors other than wireless sensing. The one or more sensors may include at least one of a camera and a LiDAR. Configurations (e.g., resource allocation, report values, etc.) related to at least one of a sensing type, a sensing signal, and a measurement and reporting mechanism may be configured for one UE in the UE group or all UEs in the UE group. Measurement values or collected information may be first collected by one UE in the UE group and then reported by the UE to the BS/network. Measurement values or collected information may be reported from all UEs in the UE group to the BS/network.

Figure 15A shows an example of option 1. In this example, the BS is the sensing responder and performs the information collection. The relationship between the BS and the sensing target is the sensing link. The relationship between the UE and the sensing target is the sensing link. The relationship between the BS and the UE is the reporting link for the collected information.

Figure 15B shows an example of option 2. In this example, one UE connected to the BS is a sensing responder and performs information collection. The relationship between the BS and the sensing target is a sensing link. The relationship between the UE and the sensing target is a sensing link. The relationship between the BS and the UE is a reporting link for the collected information.

Figure 15C shows an example of option 3. In this example, one UE group is a sensing responder and performs information collection. The relationship between the UE group (sensor group) and the sensing target is a sensing link. The relationship between the BS and the UE is a reporting link for the collected information.

According to this embodiment, sensing requests and collection can be performed appropriately.

<Embodiment #3>
This embodiment relates to BS/UE capabilities.

BS/UE capabilities related to sensing may be defined.

-Embodiment #3-1
BS capabilities may be defined.

--Embodiment #3-1-1
BS capabilities for full duplex and/or co-located sensing transmitter and receiver at the BS may be defined.

For a co-located sensing transmitter and sensing receiver, if full-duplex is supported on the BS side (self-interference can be cancelled within an acceptable range), monostatic sensing may be supported. Otherwise, monostatic sensing may not be supported.

Such capability definitions can be combined with sensing types in embodiment #1-1-1/1-1-2.

--Embodiment #3-1-2
A BS capability with respect to synchronization error among multiple BSs (i.e., distributed sensing transmitters and sensing receivers) may be defined.

If the synchronization error between multiple BSs approaches zero, bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing may be supported. Otherwise, bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing may not be supported.

--Embodiment #3-1-3
The BS capabilities regarding the generation or reception of radar signals may be defined.

If the BS can generate or receive radar signals, the sensing function can be realized by at least one of the radar signals and hybrid signals of communication signals and radar signals. If not, the communication signals can be used for sensing.

Such capability definitions can be combined with sensing types in embodiment #1-1-3.

--Embodiment #3-1-4
BS capabilities may be exchanged between the BS and the core network, between the BS and the server, between multiple BSs with cooperation, or broadcast to multiple UEs. In the capability exchange, the X2 or Xn interface may be taken into account.

This capability definition can be combined with embodiment #1-2-1.

-Embodiment #3-2
UE capabilities may be defined.

--Embodiment #3-2-1
UE capabilities for at least one of full duplex and co-located sensing transmitter and sensing receiver at the UE may be defined.

For a co-located sensing transmitter and sensing receiver, if full duplex is supported on the UE side (self-interference can be cancelled within an acceptable range), monostatic sensing may be supported. Otherwise, monostatic sensing may not be supported.

--Embodiment #3-2-2
UE capabilities with respect to synchronization error among multiple UEs (i.e., distributed sensing transmitters and sensing receivers) may be defined.

If the synchronization error between multiple UEs approaches zero, bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing may be supported. Otherwise, bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing may not be supported.

--Embodiment #3-2-3
UE capabilities regarding the generation or reception of radar signals may be defined.

If the UE is capable of generating or receiving radar signals, the sensing function may be realized by at least one of the radar signals and hybrid signals of communication signals and radar signals.
If not, the communication signal can be used for sensing.

--Embodiment #3-2-4
UE capabilities in terms of computational complexity may be defined.

If the UE has high computational capability, UE-assisted sensing in DL for targets via NLOS channel information may be supported. Otherwise, UE-assisted sensing in DL may not be supported.

Such capability definitions can determine whether UE-assisted sensing of the environment/objects is supported or not.

--Embodiment #3-2-5
UE capabilities may be reported to the BS via RRC IE/MAC CE/UCI signaling. UE capabilities may also be exchanged between multiple UEs with cooperation via sidelink.

This capability definition can be combined with embodiment #1-2-1.

-Embodiment #3-3
At least one of the BS, the network, and the server may determine a sensing type (including a sensing method and a sensing signal) based on at least one of the BS capabilities and the UE capabilities, and may notify at least one of the BS and the UE of the sensing type, as in embodiment #1.

According to this embodiment, appropriate sensing can be performed based on the capabilities of the BS/UE.

<Additional Information>
In the above embodiments, when the BS performs sensing on a specific resource, the UE may not transmit or receive on the specific resource, may not expect to be instructed/configured/scheduled to transmit or receive on the specific resource, or may drop/cancel/puncture/rate match the transmission or reception on the specific resource.

[Notification of information to UE]
In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, any information is received from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

When the above notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.

When the notification is made by a DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[Information notification from UE]
In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission/report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

If the notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.

If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned embodiments, notification of any information from the UE may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[Application of each embodiment]
At least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is satisfied, which may be specified in a standard or may be notified to a UE/BS using higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.

At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

The particular UE capability may be any of the UE capabilities in each of the above-mentioned embodiments.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities per Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

The specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

Furthermore, at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when the UE configures/activates/triggers specific information related to the above-mentioned embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments) by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating that the functions of each embodiment are enabled, any RRC parameters for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18/19), etc.

If the UE does not support at least one of the above specific UE capabilities or the above specific information is not configured, the UE may, for example, apply Rel. 15/16 operations.

(Additional Note)
With respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention is noted.
[Appendix 1]
a receiving unit that receives information for determining a type based on at least one of whether the sensing uses cooperation of multiple devices, whether the sensing uses a signal for communication, whether the sensing uses a signal for radar, and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar;
A terminal having a control unit that controls at least one of transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.
[Appendix 2]
The terminal of claim 1, wherein the information indicates at least one of: computational capabilities for the sensing, signals supported for the sensing, capabilities of the sensing target, the type, signals for the sensing, measurement configurations for the sensing, reporting configurations based on the sensing, a request for the sensing, capabilities for simultaneous transmission and reception, and capabilities regarding synchronization errors.
[Appendix 3]
The terminal according to

claim

1 or 2, wherein the sensing is performed by any one of the terminal, a base station, cooperation between the terminal and the base station, cooperation between a plurality of terminals including the terminal, and cooperation between a plurality of base stations.
[Appendix 4]
4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls at least one of a request for the sensing and a report based on the sensing.

(Wireless communication system)
A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination of these.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may simply be referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.

The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

In addition, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which corresponds to the upper station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which corresponds to a relay station, may be called an IAB node.

The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include at least one of, for example, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as, for example, a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that multiple functions may be provided by one network node. In addition, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

In the wireless communication system 1, a wireless access method based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) may be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. may be used.

The radio access method may also be called a waveform. In the wireless communication system 1, other radio access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL radio access methods.

In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. are transmitted via PDSCH. User data, upper layer control information, etc. may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Block (MIB) may also be transmitted via PBCH.

Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL DCI, and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

A control resource set (COntrol REsource SET (CORESET)) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to the resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to the search region and search method of PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or multiple search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a search space based on the search space configuration.

A search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.

The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.), and a scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

Note that in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS/PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), etc. In addition, the SS, SSB, etc. may also be called a reference signal.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, a measurement reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

(base station)
17 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may each be provided in one or more units.

Note that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the base station 10 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing of communication channels (setting, release, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

The transceiver unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.

The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

Note that the transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in this disclosure may be configured with at least one of the transmitter/receiver 120, the transmitter/receiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

The transceiver unit 120 may transmit information for determining the type based on at least one of the following: whether the sensing uses cooperation between multiple devices; whether the sensing uses a signal for communication; whether the sensing uses a signal for radar; and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar. The control unit 110 may control at least one of the transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.

(User terminal)
18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting/receiving unit 220, and a transmitting/receiving antenna 230. Note that the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may each include one or more.

Note that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the user terminal 20 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230, measurement, etc. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

The transceiver unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

The transceiver 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.

The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data and control information acquired from the controller 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the settings of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing in order to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, it is not necessary to perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing.

The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

The transceiver 220 (reception processor 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.

The transceiver unit 220 may receive information for determining the type based on at least one of the following: whether the sensing uses cooperation between multiple devices (at least two of the terminal 20 and the base station 10); whether the sensing uses a signal for communication; whether the sensing uses a signal for radar; and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar. The control unit 210 may control at least one of the transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.

The information may indicate at least one of the following: computational capabilities for the sensing, signals supported for the sensing, capabilities of the sensing target, the type, signals for the sensing, measurement settings for the sensing, reporting settings based on the sensing, a request for the sensing, simultaneous transmission and reception capabilities, and capabilities regarding synchronization errors.

The sensing may be performed by the terminal 20, the base station 10, cooperation between the terminal 20 and the base station 10, cooperation between multiple terminals including the terminal 20, or cooperation between multiple base stations.

The control unit 210 may control at least one of the sensing request and the reporting based on the sensing.

(Hardware configuration)
The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. The method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.). The functional blocks may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.

Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, and the like. In either case, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the method of realization.

For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

In addition, in this disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or using other techniques. Furthermore, the processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are realized, for example, by loading specific software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission/reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

The processor 1001 also reads out programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks.

Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and other suitable storage media. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).

Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

(Modification)
In addition, the terms described in this disclosure and the terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be read as mutually interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot, a pilot signal, or the like depending on an applied standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.

A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter that is applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: SubCarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units when transmitting a signal. A different name may be used for a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol, respectively. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.

For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each user terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

Note that when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

Note that a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, and may be, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

Furthermore, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)), a sub-carrier group (Sub-Carrier Group (SCG)), a resource element group (Resource Element Group (REG)), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.

A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RB relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP. Note that "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

Note that the above-mentioned structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, as well as the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.

In addition, the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using absolute values, may be represented using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be represented using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.

The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

In addition, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input/output via multiple network nodes.

Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

The notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of these.

The physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. The RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc. The MAC signaling may be notified, for example, using a MAC Control Element (CE).

Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

The determination may be based on a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value represented by true or false, or a comparison of numerical values (e.g., with a predetermined value).

Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave, etc.), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. "Network" may refer to the devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," and "panel" may be used interchangeably.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "Radio base station", "Fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission/Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell group", "Carrier", "Component carrier", etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small base station for indoor use (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of at least one of the base station and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.

In this disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control/operate based on the information.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

The moving body in question refers to an object that can move, and the moving speed is arbitrary, and of course includes the case where the moving body is stationary. The moving body in question includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on these. The moving body in question may also be a moving body that moves autonomously based on an operating command.

The moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

The drive unit 41 is composed of at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an Input/Output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

Signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the motor current, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 acquired by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 acquired by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 58.

The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, televisions, and radios, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information/services (e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that perform output to the outside.

The driving assistance system unit 64 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving load, such as a millimeter wave radar, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., a High Definition (HD) map, an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an Inertial Navigation System (INS), etc.), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) chip, and an AI processor, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize a driving assistance function or an autonomous driving function.

The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 between the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58 that are provided on the vehicle 40.

The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. The communication module 60 may also be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

The communication module 60 also stores various information received from external devices in memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided on the vehicle 40.

Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be read as the sidelink channel.

Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

In this disclosure, operations that are described as being performed by a base station may in some cases be performed by its upper node. In a network that includes one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination of these.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched between depending on the implementation. In addition, the processing procedures, sequences, flow charts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no inconsistency. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an exemplary order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio The present invention may be applied to systems that use Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. In addition, multiple systems may be combined (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G, etc.).

As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

Any reference to elements using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc.

"Determining" may also be considered to mean "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc.

"Judgment" may also be considered to mean "deciding" to resolve, select, choose, establish, compare, etc. In other words, "judgment" may also be considered to mean "deciding" to take some kind of action.

In addition, "judgment (decision)" may be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

The "maximum transmit power" referred to in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or may mean the rated UE maximum transmit power.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected" and "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, and the like, as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, and the like, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Additionally, the term "or," as used in this disclosure, is not intended to be an exclusive or.

In this disclosure, where articles have been added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.

In this disclosure, terms such as "less than", "less than", "greater than", "more than", "equal to", etc. may be read as interchangeable. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "fast", "slow", "wide", "narrow", etc. may be read as interchangeable, not limited to positive, comparative and superlative. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "fast", "slow", "wide", "narrow", etc. may be read as interchangeable, not limited to positive, comparative and superlative, as expressions with "ith" (i is any integer) (for example, "best" may be read as "ith best").

In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

　The invention disclosed herein has been described in detail above, but it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention disclosed herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The invention disclosed herein can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the disclosure is intended as an illustrative example and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention disclosed herein.

Claims

a receiving unit that receives information for determining a type based on at least one of whether the sensing uses cooperation of multiple devices, whether the sensing uses a signal for communication, whether the sensing uses a signal for radar, and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar;
A terminal having a control unit that controls at least one of transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.
The terminal of claim 1, wherein the information indicates at least one of: a computation capability for the sensing, a signal supported for the sensing, a capability of the sensing target, the type, a signal for the sensing, a measurement configuration for the sensing, a reporting configuration based on the sensing, a request for the sensing, a capability for simultaneous transmission and reception, and a capability related to synchronization error.
The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the sensing is performed by any one of the terminal, a base station, cooperation between the terminal and the base station, cooperation between a plurality of terminals including the terminal, and cooperation between a plurality of base stations.
The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls at least one of the sensing request and the reporting based on the sensing.
receiving information for determining a type based on at least one of whether the sensing uses a combination of multiple devices, whether the sensing uses a signal for communication, whether the sensing uses a signal for radar, and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar;
and controlling at least one of transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.
a transmitting unit that transmits information for determining a type based on at least one of whether the sensing uses cooperation of a plurality of devices, whether the sensing uses a signal for communication, whether the sensing uses a signal for radar, and whether the sensing uses a signal for both communication and radar;
A base station having a control unit that controls at least one of transmission and reception for the sensing based on the information.