WO2024133926A1 - Laminated glazing with low consumption of materials and optimized impact resistance - Google Patents

Laminated glazing with low consumption of materials and optimized impact resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024133926A1
WO2024133926A1 PCT/EP2023/087718 EP2023087718W WO2024133926A1 WO 2024133926 A1 WO2024133926 A1 WO 2024133926A1 EP 2023087718 W EP2023087718 W EP 2023087718W WO 2024133926 A1 WO2024133926 A1 WO 2024133926A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
glass
laminated glazing
glazing according
ctot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/087718
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard VILLEY
Grégorie REMEUR
Paul FOURTON
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Publication of WO2024133926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024133926A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10871—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing in combination with particular heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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    • B32B2307/748—Releasability

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of glazing, in particular laminated glazing as well as insulating glazing, having low material consumption and optimized impact resistance.
  • Insulating glazing is classically composed of an assembly of several parallel glazings, separated by a cavity containing a gas blade, often insulating gas.
  • Laminated glazing made up of two sheets of glass between which an adhesive interlayer called a “lamination interlayer” is laminated, some of them have good impact resistance.
  • the EN 356 standard defines, for example, eight performance classes based on tests representing the ability of glazing to resist being thrown by objects (levels 1 to 5 or P1A to P5A of the EN 356 standard) or attempts to Break-in using a sledgehammer or an ax (levels 6 to 8 or P6B to P8B of standard EN 356).
  • the interlayer adhesive layer is usually composed of poly(vinyl butyral) films each having a thickness of 0.38 mm.
  • the effect of the glass thickness is much weaker than the effect of the interlayer thickness, and only a modification of the glass thickness of several millimeters makes it possible to significantly improve the class performance according to standard EN 356, while for the interlayer an increase of only several tens to several hundred micrometers makes it possible to significantly improve this performance class.
  • the laminated glazing commercially available passing the minimum performance level of standard EN 356, i.e. class P1A are glazing comprising two sheets of glass 2 mm thick and 0.76 mm thick interlayer adhesive layer of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), while glazing comprising two sheets of glass 4 mm thick and 0.76 mm thick PVB interlayer adhesive layer passes the second level of the standard EN356, class P2A.
  • document WO 2020/152416 proposes to increase the surface mass and therefore the thickness of the interlayer by less than 10%, which represents for a standard spacer of 0.76 mm less than 80 pm.
  • structural interlayers more rigid than standard PVB or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) type interlayers, for example based on ionomers or PVB depleted in plasticizer.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • these structural interlayers improve the mechanical coupling between the glass sheets and significantly increase the resistance to wind, snow and self-weight loads, without increasing the thickness of the glass or the thickness of the interlayer.
  • these spacers suffer from poor impact resistance, and therefore do not make it possible to improve the performance class according to the EN 356 standard.
  • a more robust method for evaluating the performance of glasses according to the EN 356 standard has been developed by the Applicant Company and is the average perforation height with three balls (in English mean break height with three balls, i.e. MBH3).
  • This method consists of dropping three balls successively from a certain height onto a glass sample. If the sample passes the test without being perforated by the three beads, then another glass of the same type is tested, by dropping the three beads from a greater height corresponding to the height of the previous test plus a fixed increment value. If the sample does not pass the test, then another glass of the same type is tested, by dropping the three beads from a lower height corresponding to the height of the previous test minus a fixed increment value.
  • a statistical treatment of this method shows that the average perforation height as well as the associated standard deviation and the 95% confidence interval on the value of the average perforation height can be defined and calculated (see Dixon WJ Mood A ., “A method for obtaining and analyzing sensitivity data,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 43, 1948). Once the average perforation height and the associated standard deviation have been obtained, we can then estimate whether the difference between the average perforation height and the target height (for example 3 m for level P2A glazing) is sufficiently large compared to the standard deviation of the distribution to ensure that the probability of failure at the target height is negligible.
  • the average perforation height is 3.6m and the standard deviation is 0.3m, that means the difference of 0.6m is twice the standard deviation, and the probability of failure at 3 m is then 2.3% for a normal (Gaussian) distribution.
  • the Applicant Company has developed insulating glazing comprising at least one laminated glazing at least level P2A of the EN 356 standard, verified according to the standard method but also according to the more statistically rigorous method of average perforation height as described above.
  • the invention relates to laminated glazing comprising two sheets of glass separated by a lamination spacer, in which the lamination spacer successively comprises:
  • a first layer comprising a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and their mixtures,
  • PVB poly(vinyl butyral)
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • ionomer resins and their mixtures
  • a second layer comprising a material chosen from polycarbonates, glass, ionomers, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and mixtures thereof, and
  • a third layer comprising a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and their mixtures, in which the total thickness CTOT of the interlayer of lamination is less than or equal to 0.73 mm and
  • 6TOT 0.76 — 3 62
  • ei,3 is the sum of the thicknesses of the first and third layers and e2 is the thickness of the second layer.
  • the inventors have discovered that, in the structure of a lamination interlayer, the substitution of a slice of greater thickness of a polymer usual in laminated glazing, by a thin intermediate layer, corresponding to the second layer of the lamination interlayer of a glazing according to the present invention, comprising a material with better tear resistance properties, makes it possible, for less consumption of raw materials, to obtain laminated glazing having resistance performances at least equivalent in impact.
  • the insertion of such a material with better tear resistance properties between two layers of a usual polymer in laminated glazing also makes it possible to keep the glass/polymer interfaces unchanged, critical for the ease of manufacturing the laminated glazing. , its resistance to aging as well as its ability to stop an impactor without perforating the glazing.
  • the thickness of the second intermediate layer 62 is (0.76 - CTOT) / 3. While the sum of the thicknesses of the first and third layers ei,3, arranged on either side of the second layer is (CTOT- 0.19) / 0.75.
  • the material included in the second layer is chosen from polycarbonates, glass, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and their mixtures.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • laminated glazing according to the present invention has a level of performance according to standard EN 356 at least equivalent to laminated glazing comprising a 0.76 mm thick PVB interlayer, that is to say a P2A level according to said standard, while consuming less raw material.
  • the glazing according to the invention therefore belongs to class P2A according to standard NF EN 356.
  • the value of the adhesion between the glass and the lamination interlayer, measured by the TCT method at 33 mm. s 1 and 20°C is between 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) to 14 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm), and the interlayer adhesive layer has a resistance to opening and tear propagation greater than 30 kJ/m 2 .
  • the TCT method (acronym for Through-Cracked-Tensile (TCT) test, or tension test through a crack) is a method of measuring the energy absorbed per unit of surface created between the lips of crack in broken glass, surface created due to delamination at the glass - interlayer interface and due to deformation of the latter. This method is described in particular in the document “Mechanical behavior in tension of cracked glass bridged by an elastomeric ligament”, S. Muralidhar, A. Jagota, SJ Bennison, S.
  • s 1 and 20 °C comprised of 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) and 14 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) corresponds substantially to the thickness values of the layer adhesive interlayer implemented, at values between 4 and 7 on the Pummel scale, not too low to guarantee good retention of the glass fragments, to prevent them from coming loose, but not too high to allow delamination during of an impact, then allowing substantial energy absorption, without the interlayer tearing.
  • any mention of TCT tests also refers to the document “Adhesion rupture in laminated glass: influence of adhesion on the energy dissipation mechanisms” of energy), P. Fourton, K. Piroird, M. Ciccotti and E. Barthel, Glass Structures & Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 397-410, 2020.
  • the extrapolated value, in J / m2, is the intrinsic resistance of the interlayer to opening and tear propagation, independently of the geometry of the sample.
  • a resistance to opening and tear propagation at most equal to 30 kJ/m 2 is manifested by a failure of the pendulum test for interlayers whose value of glass adhesion - interlayer adhesive layer measured by the TCT method at 33 mm.
  • s 1 and 20 °C is between 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) and 14 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) and whose thickness is between 0.7 and 0.8 mm.
  • the first and third layers of the lamination interlayer of laminated glazing according to the invention comprise a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and their mixtures.
  • PVB poly(vinyl butyral)
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • ionomer resins and their mixtures.
  • the first layer may comprise a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
  • the first layer may consist of a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB
  • the third layer may comprise a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
  • the third layer may consist of a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
  • the first and third layers may comprise a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
  • the first and third layers can consist of a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
  • At least one of the first and third layers may comprise PVB, in particular the first and third layers comprise PVB and preferably, the first and third layers consist of PVB .
  • a PVB suitable for the present invention is for example chosen from the PVBs marketed by the company Eastman under the references Saflex RB 11 and RB41 or by the company Kuraray under the reference Trosifol B200 Clear.
  • the second layer of the lamination interlayer of laminated glazing according to the invention comprises a material chosen from polycarbonates, glass, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET ) and their mixtures.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • said second layer comprises PET, preferably it is made of PET.
  • a PET suitable for the present invention is for example PET sold by the company Eastman under the reference Saflex XIR 75.
  • CTOT can be comprised from 0.25 mm to 0.73 mm, in particular CTOT is comprised from 0.40 mm to 0.70 mm and preferably CTOT is comprised from 0 .50mm to 0.61mm.
  • CTOT is less than 0.25 mm, at the glass/PVB interfaces, the adhesion and energy absorption phenomena, as described in “Adhesion rupture in laminated glass: influence of adhesion on the energy dissipation mechanisms”, P. Fourton, et al., Glass Structures & Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 397-410, 2020, are insufficient to obtain a P2A performance level according to the EN 356 standard.
  • the two sheets of glass of the laminated glazing according to the invention can have identical or different thicknesses, ranging from 1.0 mm to 25.0 mm, in particular from 1.4 mm to 6.0 mm and preferably from 1.6mm to 4.0mm.
  • Said glass sheets may consist of mineral glass such as float, soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, optionally thermally tempered or chemically reinforced.
  • the glass is colorless or tinted.
  • They can also advantageously carry at least one transparent functional layer or stack of layers such as obtained by magnetron-assisted cathode sputtering, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). ), by liquid method such as by sol-gel, consisting of a thermal control layer or stack, anti-solar, low-emission, anti-reflective, a surface tension modification layer, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, photocatalytic self-cleaning, an electroconductive layer connected to a source of electric current, anti-frost, anti-fog heating.
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • the invention relates to insulating glazing comprising an assembly of parallel glazings, two consecutive glazings in the assembly being separated by a cavity containing a gas blade, said insulating glazing comprising at least one glazing laminated according to the invention.
  • the insulating glazing of the invention is in particular double glazing (one gas blade), or triple glazing (two gas blades).
  • the insulating glazing consists of double glazing whose gas blade has a thickness of between 10 and 20 mm.
  • the insulating glazing consists of double glazing with a thickness of between 18 and 30 mm.
  • the glazing which is not at least one laminated glazing according to the invention can be monolithic glass, in particular chosen from structural polymers, preferably poly(methacrylate of methyl), polycarbonate, structural polyurethane; soda-lime glasses; aluminosilicate glasses; borosilicate glasses; optionally thermally tempered or chemically tempered.
  • the monolithic glasses can have a thickness of 1 mm to 25 mm.
  • each gas blade has a thickness of between 4 mm and 30 mm.
  • the gas is an insulating gas chosen from air, argon, krypton, xenon and their mixtures.
  • the invention relates to a process for obtaining laminated glazing according to the invention, comprising a step of laminating the lamination interlayer between two sheets of glass.
  • the rolling step may include:
  • a heating step at a temperature of 40°C to 100°C, in particular 45°C to 80°C and preferably 50°C to 70°C,
  • calendering step under a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, in particular 3 to 8 bars and preferably 4 to 6 bars, and
  • an autoclaving step lasting from 1 to 10 hours, in particular from 2 to 8 hours and preferably from 3 to 6 hours, at a temperature of from 80°C to 200°C, in particular from 100°C to 180°C °C, and preferably from 120 °C to 160 °C and under a pressure of 10 to 17 bars, in particular 11 to 16 bars, preferably 12 to 15 bars.
  • the laminated glazing of the examples described below are made by gluing two sheets of glass 4 mm thick marketed by the Saint-Gobain Glass Company under the reference Planiclear using the lamination interlayers described in the table 1 next
  • the laminated glazings are obtained by a lamination process successively comprising heating at 60°C, calendering at 5 bars and autoclaving at 13 bars at 140°C for 5 hours.
  • thermoformings were evaluated by the MBH3 method as described above, using at least 30 glazings of 1100x900 mm 2 per composition (examples 1 and 2 according to the invention and comparative examples la, 1b, 2a and 2b). It first appears that the laminated glazing according to the invention meets level P2A of the EN 356 standard.
  • laminated glazing according to the invention comprising an interlayer with a thin layer of PET represents a significant increase in the impact resistance performance of said glazing.
  • example 1 according to the invention represents an increase of 2.48 m of MBH3 or 134% compared to the comparative example including the same quantity of PVB, while example 1 includes a central layer of 70 pm of PET.
  • example 2 according to the invention comprising a central layer of 30 ⁇ m of PET, represents an increase of 91.6% compared to comparative example 2a comprising the same thickness of interlayer, consisting solely of PVB .
  • the laminated glazing according to the invention makes it possible, for an equivalent thickness of lamination interlayer, to significantly improve the level of performance in terms of impact resistance compared to usual laminated glazing, i.e. that is to say comprising a lamination interlayer made of PVB.
  • Example 3 a level of performance in impact resistance at least similar to usual laminated glazing is obtained for an interlayer thickness of approximately 20% less.
  • the interlayers in laminated glazing according to the invention allow a significant increase in the impact resistance performance of said glazing, it follows that, for the same impact performance, the interlayers in a laminated glazing according to the invention allow a significant reduction in the thickness of the interlayer, consuming less material for the constitution of laminated glazing, in particular intended to be used in insulating glazing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to laminated glazing in which the lamination interlayer successively comprises a first layer, a second layer comprising a material selected from polycarbonates, glass, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and mixtures thereof and a third layer in which the total thickness eTOT of the lamination interlayer is less than or equal to 0.73 mm and eTOT = 0.75 e1,3 + 0.19; eTOT = 0.76 – 3 e2 where e1,3 is the sum of the thicknesses of the first and third layers and e2 is the thickness of the second layer. The invention also relates to an insulating glazing comprising such a laminated glazing and to a method for obtaining this laminated glazing.

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Vitrage feuilleté à faible consommation en matériaux avec une résistance aux impacts optimisée. Title of the invention: Laminated glazing with low material consumption with optimized impact resistance.
Technique antérieure Prior art
[0001] La présente invention appartient au domaine des vitrages, en particulier des vitrages feuilletés ainsi que des vitrages isolants, présentant une faible consommation en matériaux et une résistance aux impacts optimisée. The present invention belongs to the field of glazing, in particular laminated glazing as well as insulating glazing, having low material consumption and optimized impact resistance.
[0002] Un vitrage isolant se compose classiquement d’un assemblage de plusieurs vitrages parallèles, séparés par une cavité renfermant une lame de gaz, souvent du gaz isolant. [0002] Insulating glazing is classically composed of an assembly of several parallel glazings, separated by a cavity containing a gas blade, often insulating gas.
[0003] Dans le domaine du bâtiment notamment, dans lequel ces vitrages isolants sont très utilisés pour des raisons d’isolation phonique et d’isolation thermique, on cherche de plus en plus à augmenter leur résistance aux impacts et à la perforation, dans le but de leur conférer un caractère anti-effraction, de protéger les personnes des bris de verre et des risques consécutifs à une chute contre le vitrage, ou encore dans le but de garantir une résistance à des intempéries violentes (grêle), notamment pour les vitrages isolants de fenêtres de toit. [0003] In the field of building in particular, in which these insulating glazings are widely used for reasons of sound insulation and thermal insulation, we are increasingly seeking to increase their resistance to impacts and perforation, in the aim of giving them an anti-burglary character, of protecting people from broken glass and the risks resulting from a fall against the glazing, or even with the aim of guaranteeing resistance to violent weather (hail), particularly for the glazing roof window insulation.
[0004] Si la résistance à la perforation est meilleure pour un vitrage isolant que pour un vitrage simple monolithique, il apparaît cependant qu’un vitrage isolant composé uniquement de vitrages monolithiques ne présente pas une résistance suffisante à la perforation pour conférer un caractère anti-effraction ou pour protéger les personnes des bris de verre et des risques consécutifs à une chute contre le vitrage, ou encore pour garantir une résistance à des intempéries violentes. [0004] Although the resistance to perforation is better for insulating glazing than for single monolithic glazing, it appears, however, that insulating glazing composed solely of monolithic glazing does not have sufficient resistance to perforation to confer an anti-perforation character. break-in or to protect people from broken glass and the risks resulting from falling against the glazing, or to guarantee resistance to violent weather.
[0005] Les vitrages feuilletés, constitués de deux feuilles de verre entre lesquelles est laminée une couche adhésive intercalaire dite « intercalaire de feuilletage », présentent pour certains d’entre eux une bonne résistance aux impacts. [0005] Laminated glazing, made up of two sheets of glass between which an adhesive interlayer called a “lamination interlayer” is laminated, some of them have good impact resistance.
[0006] La norme EN 356 définit par exemple huit classes de performances à partir de tests représentant l'aptitude des vitrages à résister aux jets d'objets (niveaux 1 à 5 ou P1A à P5A de la norme EN 356) ou aux tentatives d'effraction à l'aide d'une masse ou d'une hache (niveaux 6 à 8 ou P6B à P8B de la norme EN 356). [0006] The EN 356 standard defines, for example, eight performance classes based on tests representing the ability of glazing to resist being thrown by objects (levels 1 to 5 or P1A to P5A of the EN 356 standard) or attempts to Break-in using a sledgehammer or an ax (levels 6 to 8 or P6B to P8B of standard EN 356).
[0007] Pour des raisons historiques dans le domaine des vitrages feuilletés, la couche adhésive intercalaire est usuellement composée de films de poly(butyral vinylique) présentant chacun une épaisseur de 0,38 mm. [0008] Plus les feuilles de verre du vitrage feuilleté sont épaisses, meilleure est la classe de performances selon la norme EN 356. De même, plus l’épaisseur de la couche adhésive intercalaire est importante, meilleure est la classe de performances selon cette norme. [0007] For historical reasons in the field of laminated glazing, the interlayer adhesive layer is usually composed of poly(vinyl butyral) films each having a thickness of 0.38 mm. [0008] The thicker the glass sheets of the laminated glazing, the better the performance class according to standard EN 356. Likewise, the greater the thickness of the adhesive interlayer, the better the performance class according to this standard. .
[0009] Cependant, l’effet de l’épaisseur de verre est bien plus faible que l’effet de l’épaisseur d’intercalaire, et seule une modification de l’épaisseur de verre de plusieurs millimètres permet d’améliorer significativement la classe de performance selon la norme EN 356, tandis que pour l’intercalaire une augmentation de plusieurs dizaines à plusieurs centaines de micromètres seulement permet d’améliorer significativement cette classe de performance. [0009] However, the effect of the glass thickness is much weaker than the effect of the interlayer thickness, and only a modification of the glass thickness of several millimeters makes it possible to significantly improve the class performance according to standard EN 356, while for the interlayer an increase of only several tens to several hundred micrometers makes it possible to significantly improve this performance class.
[0010] Ainsi, les vitrages feuilletés disponibles commercialement passant le niveau de performances minimal de la norme EN 356, soit la classe P1A, sont des vitrages comprenant deux feuilles de verre de 2 mm d’épaisseur et 0,76 mm d’épaisseur de couche adhésive intercalaire de poly(butyral de vinyle) (PVB), tandis que des vitrages comprenant deux feuilles de verre de 4 mm d’épaisseur et 0,76 mm d’épaisseur de couche adhésive intercalaire de PVB passent le deuxième niveau de la norme EN356, soit la classe P2A. Pour obtenir le niveau de performance P2A avec deux verres de 2 mm d’épaisseur, le document WO 2020/152416 propose d’augmenter la masse surfacique et donc l’épaisseur de l’intercalaire de moins de 10 %, ce qui représente pour un intercalaire standard de 0,76 mm moins de 80 pm. [0010] Thus, the laminated glazing commercially available passing the minimum performance level of standard EN 356, i.e. class P1A, are glazing comprising two sheets of glass 2 mm thick and 0.76 mm thick interlayer adhesive layer of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), while glazing comprising two sheets of glass 4 mm thick and 0.76 mm thick PVB interlayer adhesive layer passes the second level of the standard EN356, class P2A. To obtain the P2A performance level with two glasses of 2 mm thickness, document WO 2020/152416 proposes to increase the surface mass and therefore the thickness of the interlayer by less than 10%, which represents for a standard spacer of 0.76 mm less than 80 pm.
[0011] Il est donc possible de limiter la consommation en matière première du vitrage en réduisant sensiblement l’épaisseur de verre (de plusieurs centaines de micromètres à plusieurs millimètres), tout en augmentant légèrement (de plusieurs dizaines à plusieurs centaines de micromètres) l’épaisseur de l’intercalaire. Cependant, lorsque l’épaisseur de verre diminue sensiblement, la résistance aux charges de vent, de neige et de poids propre (dans le cas d’une fenêtre non verticale, comme une fenêtre de toit) diminue aussi significativement. Il n’est donc pas toujours possible de diminuer la consommation en matière première du vitrage en changeant le ratio de l’épaisseur de verre sur l’épaisseur d’intercalaire, par exemple lorsque le verre du vitrage de référence est déjà très mince. [0011] It is therefore possible to limit the consumption of raw material for the glazing by significantly reducing the thickness of the glass (from several hundred micrometers to several millimeters), while slightly increasing (from several tens to several hundred micrometers) the thickness of the interlayer. However, when the glass thickness decreases significantly, the resistance to wind, snow and self-weight loads (in the case of a non-vertical window, such as a roof window) also decreases significantly. It is therefore not always possible to reduce the raw material consumption of the glazing by changing the ratio of the thickness of the glass to the thickness of the interlayer, for example when the glass of the reference glazing is already very thin.
[0012] Il existe une classe d’intercalaires dits « structurels », plus rigides que les intercalaires standard de type PVB ou éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA), par exemple à base d’ionomères ou de PVB appauvri en plastifiant. Ces intercalaires structurels améliorent le couplage mécanique entre les feuilles de verre et permettent d’augmenter significativement la résistance aux charges de vent, de neige et de poids propre, sans pour cela augmenter l’épaisseur de verre ni l’épaisseur de l’intercalaire. Cependant, ces intercalaires souffrent d’une mauvaise résistance à l’impact, et ne permettent donc pas d’améliorer la classe de performance selon la norme EN 356. [0013] Il est donc pertinent de rechercher une solution permettant, sans changer l’épaisseur de verre, d’augmenter le niveau de performance selon la norme EN 356 sans consommer plus de matières premières, ou de manière équivalente de conserver le niveau de performance EN 356 en consommant moins de matières premières. De manière plus générale, il est pertinent de définir, pour des épaisseurs de verres fixées, des intercalaires dont les caractéristiques assurent au vitrage feuilleté un niveau de performance à l’impact donné. Dans le cas d’un intercalaire composé d’un seul matériau, ces caractéristiques peuvent être exprimées par le produit de la résistance à la déchirure par l’épaisseur de l’intercalaire, produit supérieur à une valeur seuil, telle que formulée dans EP 2421705. Dans le cas d’un intercalaire composé de plusieurs matériaux, telles que des sous-couches superposées les unes sur les autres, à la connaissance des inventeurs, une telle caractérisation des produits n’a pas été identifiée, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’épaisseur de ces sous-couches. [0012] There is a class of so-called “structural” interlayers, more rigid than standard PVB or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) type interlayers, for example based on ionomers or PVB depleted in plasticizer. These structural interlayers improve the mechanical coupling between the glass sheets and significantly increase the resistance to wind, snow and self-weight loads, without increasing the thickness of the glass or the thickness of the interlayer. However, these spacers suffer from poor impact resistance, and therefore do not make it possible to improve the performance class according to the EN 356 standard. [0013] It is therefore relevant to seek a solution allowing, without changing the thickness of the glass, to increase the level of performance according to standard EN 356 without consuming more raw materials, or equivalently to maintain the level of performance EN 356 by consuming fewer raw materials. More generally, it is relevant to define, for fixed glass thicknesses, interlayers whose characteristics ensure the laminated glazing a level of performance at the given impact. In the case of an interlayer composed of a single material, these characteristics can be expressed by the product of the tear resistance by the thickness of the interlayer, product greater than a threshold value, as formulated in EP 2421705 In the case of an interlayer composed of several materials, such as underlayers superimposed on each other, to the knowledge of the inventors, such characterization of the products has not been identified, in particular with regard to. the thickness of these sub-layers.
[0014] La conformité au niveau P2A de la norme EN 356 est actuellement mesurée par une méthode dite du test de la chute de bille (en anglais ball drop test ou hard body drop test), qui consiste à lâcher successivement trois billes d’acier de 10 cm de diamètre et d’une masse de 4,1 kg d’une certaine hauteur sur le verre. Pour atteindre le niveau P2A, il faut que trois échantillons d’un verre résistent à trois chutes de bille successives d’une hauteur de 3 m. [0014] Compliance with level P2A of the EN 356 standard is currently measured by a method called the ball drop test (in English ball drop test or hard body drop test), which consists of successively dropping three steel balls 10 cm in diameter and a mass of 4.1 kg from a certain height on the glass. To reach the P2A level, three samples of a glass must withstand three successive drops of a ball from a height of 3 m.
[0015] D’un point de vue statistique, il est très difficile de tirer des conclusions claires sur une performance d’un verre en raison du nombre limité d’échantillons (détermination d’une probabilité d’échec à 3 m avec seulement trois échantillons). [0015] From a statistical point of view, it is very difficult to draw clear conclusions on the performance of a lens due to the limited number of samples (determination of a probability of failure at 3 m with only three samples).
[0016] Une méthode plus robuste pour évaluer les performances de verres selon la norme EN 356 a été développée par la Société Déposante et est la hauteur de perforation moyenne avec trois billes (en anglais mean break height with three balls, soit MBH3). Cette méthode consiste à lâcher trois billes successivement depuis une certaine hauteur sur un échantillon de verre. Si l’échantillon passe le test sans être perforé par les trois billes, alors un autre verre du même type est testé, en lâchant les trois billes depuis une hauteur plus importante correspondant à la hauteur du test précédent plus une valeur d’incrément fixe. Si l’échantillon ne passe pas le test, alors un autre verre du même type est testé, en lâchant les trois billes depuis une hauteur moins importante correspondant à la hauteur du test précédent moins une valeur d’incrément fixe. En répétant ce test, on convergera puis oscillera naturellement autour de la hauteur de perforation moyenne du vitrage par trois billes, autrement dit la hauteur à laquelle la moitié des échantillons sont perforés et l’autre moitié ne le sont pas. On choisira de préférence la hauteur de départ proche de la hauteur de perforation moyenne attendue pour les vitrages testés, la valeur d’incrément fixe (en plus ou en moins) étant quant à elle de préférence proche de l’écart type de la distribution de probabilité examinée par le test (probabilité d’échec au test à trois billes en fonction de la hauteur de chute des billes). Pour un test de performances P2A avec un vitrage feuilleté, on choisira ainsi une hauteur de départ de 3,6 m et une valeur d’incrément de 0,3 m. Un traitement statistique de cette méthode montre que la hauteur de perforation moyenne ainsi que l’écart-type associé et l’intervalle de confiance à 95% sur la valeur de la hauteur moyenne de perforation peuvent être définis et calculés (voir Dixon W. J. Mood A., « A method for obtaining and analyzing sensitivity data » (Méthode pour obtenir et analyser des données de sensibilité), Journal of the American Statistical Association, 43, 1948). Une fois la hauteur moyenne de perforation et l’écart-type associé obtenus, on peut alors estimer si la différence entre la hauteur moyenne de perforation et la hauteur cible (par exemple 3 m pour un vitrage de niveau P2A) est suffisamment grande devant l’écart-type de la distribution pour s’assurer que la probabilité d’échec à la hauteur cible est négligeable. Par exemple, si la hauteur cible est de 3 m, la hauteur moyenne de perforation est de 3,6 m et l’écart-type est de 0,3 m, cela signifie que la différence de 0,6 m vaut deux fois l’écart-type, et la probabilité d’échec à 3 m vaut alors 2,3 % pour une distribution normale (gaussienne). [0016] A more robust method for evaluating the performance of glasses according to the EN 356 standard has been developed by the Applicant Company and is the average perforation height with three balls (in English mean break height with three balls, i.e. MBH3). This method consists of dropping three balls successively from a certain height onto a glass sample. If the sample passes the test without being perforated by the three beads, then another glass of the same type is tested, by dropping the three beads from a greater height corresponding to the height of the previous test plus a fixed increment value. If the sample does not pass the test, then another glass of the same type is tested, by dropping the three beads from a lower height corresponding to the height of the previous test minus a fixed increment value. By repeating this test, we will converge then naturally oscillate around the average perforation height of the glazing by three balls, in other words the height at which half of the samples are perforated and the other half are not. We will preferably choose the starting height close to the average perforation height expected for the glazing tested, the fixed increment value (plus or minus) being preferably close to the standard deviation of the distribution of probability examined by the test (probability of failure in the three-ball test depending on the height of fall marbles). For a P2A performance test with laminated glazing, we will choose a starting height of 3.6 m and an increment value of 0.3 m. A statistical treatment of this method shows that the average perforation height as well as the associated standard deviation and the 95% confidence interval on the value of the average perforation height can be defined and calculated (see Dixon WJ Mood A ., “A method for obtaining and analyzing sensitivity data,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 43, 1948). Once the average perforation height and the associated standard deviation have been obtained, we can then estimate whether the difference between the average perforation height and the target height (for example 3 m for level P2A glazing) is sufficiently large compared to the standard deviation of the distribution to ensure that the probability of failure at the target height is negligible. For example, if the target height is 3m, the average perforation height is 3.6m and the standard deviation is 0.3m, that means the difference of 0.6m is twice the standard deviation, and the probability of failure at 3 m is then 2.3% for a normal (Gaussian) distribution.
[0017] Pour résoudre le problème de trouver un vitrage permettant, sans changer l’épaisseur de verre, de conserver le niveau de performance EN 356 en consommant moins de matières premières, la Société Déposante a développé un vitrage isolant comportant au moins un vitrage feuilleté au moins de niveau P2A de la norme EN 356, vérifié selon la méthode de la norme mais aussi selon la méthode plus statistiquement rigoureuse de hauteur moyenne de perforation telle que décrite ci-dessus. [0017] To solve the problem of finding glazing making it possible, without changing the thickness of the glass, to maintain the EN 356 level of performance while consuming less raw materials, the Applicant Company has developed insulating glazing comprising at least one laminated glazing at least level P2A of the EN 356 standard, verified according to the standard method but also according to the more statistically rigorous method of average perforation height as described above.
[0018] A cet effet, et selon un premier aspect, l’invention concerne un vitrage feuilleté comprenant deux feuilles de verre séparées par un intercalaire de feuilletage, dans lequel l’intercalaire de feuilletage comprend successivement : [0018] For this purpose, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to laminated glazing comprising two sheets of glass separated by a lamination spacer, in which the lamination spacer successively comprises:
- une première couche comprenant un polymère choisi parmi le poly(butyral de vinyle) (PVB), l’éthylène -acétate de vinyle (EVA), les résines ionomères et leurs mélanges, - a first layer comprising a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and their mixtures,
- une deuxième couche comprenant un matériau choisi parmi les polycarbonates, le verre, les ionomères, le polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), les résines ionomères, le polytéréphtalate d'éthylène (PET) et leurs mélanges, et - a second layer comprising a material chosen from polycarbonates, glass, ionomers, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and mixtures thereof, and
- une troisième couche comprenant un polymère choisi parmi le poly(butyral de vinyle) (PVB), l’éthylène -acétate de vinyle (EVA), les résines ionomères et leurs mélanges, dans lequel l’épaisseur totale CTOT de l’intercalaire de feuilletage est inférieure ou égale à 0,73 mm et - a third layer comprising a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and their mixtures, in which the total thickness CTOT of the interlayer of lamination is less than or equal to 0.73 mm and
CTOT = 0,75 61,3 + 0,19 CTOT = 0.75 61.3 + 0.19
6TOT = 0,76 — 3 62 où ei,3 est la somme des épaisseurs des première et troisième couches et e2est l’épaisseur de la deuxième couche. 6TOT = 0.76 — 3 62 where ei,3 is the sum of the thicknesses of the first and third layers and e2 is the thickness of the second layer.
[0019] Les inventeurs ont découvert que, dans la structure d’un intercalaire de feuilletage, la substitution d’une tranche d’épaisseur plus importante d’un polymère usuel dans les vitrages feuilletés, par une fine couche intermédiaire, correspondant à la deuxième couche de l’intercalaire de feuilletage d’un vitrage selon la présente invention, comprenant un matériau avec de meilleures propriétés de résistance à la déchirure, permet, pour une consommation moindre de matières premières, d’obtenir des vitrages feuilletés présentant des performances de résistance à l’impact au moins équivalentes. L’insertion d’un tel matériau avec de meilleures propriétés de résistance à la déchirure entre deux couches d’un polymère usuel dans les vitrages feuilletés permet en outre de conserver inchangées les interfaces verre/polymère, critiques pour la facilité de fabrication du vitrage feuilleté, sa résistance au vieillissement ainsi que sa capacité à arrêter un impacteur sans perforation du vitrage. [0019] The inventors have discovered that, in the structure of a lamination interlayer, the substitution of a slice of greater thickness of a polymer usual in laminated glazing, by a thin intermediate layer, corresponding to the second layer of the lamination interlayer of a glazing according to the present invention, comprising a material with better tear resistance properties, makes it possible, for less consumption of raw materials, to obtain laminated glazing having resistance performances at least equivalent in impact. The insertion of such a material with better tear resistance properties between two layers of a usual polymer in laminated glazing also makes it possible to keep the glass/polymer interfaces unchanged, critical for the ease of manufacturing the laminated glazing. , its resistance to aging as well as its ability to stop an impactor without perforating the glazing.
[0020] Ainsi, afin d’obtenir un niveau de performance au moins équivalent à un intercalaire de feuilletage de PVB de 0,76 mm, et pour une épaisseur totale CTOT de l’intercalaire de feuilletage du vitrage selon l’invention inférieure ou égale à 0,73 mm, l’épaisseur de la deuxième couche intermédiaire 62 est de (0,76 - CTOT) / 3. Tandis que la somme des épaisseurs des première et troisième couches ei,3, disposées de part et d’autre de la deuxième couche, est de (CTOT- 0.19) / 0,75. [0020] Thus, in order to obtain a level of performance at least equivalent to a PVB lamination interlayer of 0.76 mm, and for a total thickness CTOT of the lamination interlayer of the glazing according to the invention less than or equal at 0.73 mm, the thickness of the second intermediate layer 62 is (0.76 - CTOT) / 3. While the sum of the thicknesses of the first and third layers ei,3, arranged on either side of the second layer is (CTOT- 0.19) / 0.75.
[0021] Le matériau compris dans la deuxième couche est choisi parmi les polycarbonates, le verre, le polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), les résines ionomères, le polytéréphtalate d'éthylène (PET) et leurs mélanges. The material included in the second layer is chosen from polycarbonates, glass, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and their mixtures.
[0022] Par « polymères usuels dans les vitrages feuilletés », on entend désigner le PVB, LEVA, les résines ionomères et leurs mélanges. [0022] By “common polymers in laminated glazing”, we mean PVB, LEVA, ionomer resins and their mixtures.
[0023] Ainsi, un vitrage feuilleté selon la présente invention a un niveau de performance selon la norme EN 356 au moins équivalent à un vitrage feuilleté comprenant un intercalaire de 0,76 mm d’épaisseur de PVB, c’est-à-dire un niveau P2A selon ladite norme, tout en consommant moins de matière première. [0023] Thus, laminated glazing according to the present invention has a level of performance according to standard EN 356 at least equivalent to laminated glazing comprising a 0.76 mm thick PVB interlayer, that is to say a P2A level according to said standard, while consuming less raw material.
[0024] Le vitrage selon l’invention appartient donc à la classe P2A selon la norme NF EN 356. The glazing according to the invention therefore belongs to class P2A according to standard NF EN 356.
[0025] En particulier, dans un vitrage selon l’invention, la valeur de l’adhésion entre le verre et l’intercalaire de feuilletage, mesurée par la méthode TCT à 33 mm. s 1 et 20°C est comprise de 4 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) à 14 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm), et la couche adhésive intercalaire a une résistance à l’ouverture et à la propagation de déchirure supérieure à 30 kJ/m2. [0026] La méthode TCT (acronyme de l’anglais Through-Cracked-Tensile (TCT) test, ou test de tension à travers une fissure) est une méthode de mesure de l’énergie absorbée par unité de surface créée entre les lèvres de fissure du verre cassé, surface créée du fait de la délamination à l’interface verre - intercalaire et du fait de la déformation de ce dernier. Cette méthode est notamment décrite dans le document « Mechanical behaviour in tension of cracked glass bridged by an elastomeric ligament » (Comportement mécanique en tension de verre brisé ponté par un ligament élastomère), S. Muralidhar, A. Jagota, S.J. Bennison, S. Saigal, Acta Materialia, Volume 48, numéros 18-19, 1er décembre 2000, pages 4577-4588, document qui par ailleurs pointe l’importance pour la dissipation d’énergie (et donc pour l’absorption de l’énergie cinétique d’un objet impactant le vitrage) de ces mécanismes de délamination à l’interface verre - intercalaire et de déformation de ce dernier. La valeur de l’adhésion verre - couche adhésive intercalaire mesurée par la méthode TCT à 33 mm. s 1 et 20 °C comprise de 4 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) et 14 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) correspond sensiblement, aux valeurs d’épaisseur de la couche adhésive intercalaire mises en œuvre, à des valeurs comprises entre 4 et 7 sur l’échelle Pummel, pas trop faibles pour garantir une bonne rétention des fragments de verre, éviter qu’ils ne se détachent, mais pas trop élevées pour permettre la délamination lors d'un impact, autorisant alors une absorption d’énergie substantielle, sans que l’intercalaire ne se déchire. Dans la présente demande, toute mention aux tests TCT se réfère également au document «Adhesion rupture in laminated glass: influence of adhesion on the energy dissipation mechanisms» (Rupture avec adhésion dans le verre feuilleté : influence de l'adhésion sur les mécanismes de dissipation de l'énergie), P. Fourton, K. Piroird, M. Ciccotti et E. Barthel, Glass Structures & Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 397-410, 2020. [0025] In particular, in a glazing according to the invention, the value of the adhesion between the glass and the lamination interlayer, measured by the TCT method at 33 mm. s 1 and 20°C is between 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) to 14 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm), and the interlayer adhesive layer has a resistance to opening and tear propagation greater than 30 kJ/m 2 . [0026] The TCT method (acronym for Through-Cracked-Tensile (TCT) test, or tension test through a crack) is a method of measuring the energy absorbed per unit of surface created between the lips of crack in broken glass, surface created due to delamination at the glass - interlayer interface and due to deformation of the latter. This method is described in particular in the document “Mechanical behavior in tension of cracked glass bridged by an elastomeric ligament”, S. Muralidhar, A. Jagota, SJ Bennison, S. Saigal, Acta Materialia, Volume 48, numbers 18-19, December 1, 2000, pages 4577-4588, document which also points out the importance for the dissipation of energy (and therefore for the absorption of the kinetic energy of an object impacting the glazing) of these delamination mechanisms at the glass - spacer interface and deformation of the latter. The value of glass adhesion - interlayer adhesive layer measured by the TCT method at 33 mm. s 1 and 20 °C comprised of 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) and 14 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) corresponds substantially to the thickness values of the layer adhesive interlayer implemented, at values between 4 and 7 on the Pummel scale, not too low to guarantee good retention of the glass fragments, to prevent them from coming loose, but not too high to allow delamination during of an impact, then allowing substantial energy absorption, without the interlayer tearing. In this application, any mention of TCT tests also refers to the document “Adhesion rupture in laminated glass: influence of adhesion on the energy dissipation mechanisms” of energy), P. Fourton, K. Piroird, M. Ciccotti and E. Barthel, Glass Structures & Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 397-410, 2020.
[0027] La résistance à l’ouverture et à la propagation de déchirure est mesurée de la manière suivante. Vingt échantillons de 5 x 10 cm2 d’intercalaire sont découpés avant feuilletage. Deux fentes sont coupées à partir de deux bords opposés au milieu de chaque échantillon, de sorte à séparer le rectangle en deux carrés de 5 x 5 cm2 chacun. La séparation est cependant incomplète, car il reste un ligament intact entre les deux découpes. Chaque échantillon a une longueur de ligament 1 différente. Tous les échantillons ont la même épaisseur b (par exemple 0,76 mm). On effectue un test de traction à 20 °C et 100 mm/min jusqu’à rupture complète sur chaque échantillon. Pour chaque échantillon, on mesure le travail W jusqu’à la rupture. Le diagramme de W / 1b en fonction de 1 est une droite qui est extrapolée pour 1 = 0. La valeur extrapolée, en J / m2, est la résistance intrinsèque de l’intercalaire à l’ouverture et la propagation de déchirure, indépendamment de la géométrie de l’échantillon. Une résistance à l’ouverture et à la propagation de déchirure au plus égale à 30 kJ/m2 se manifeste par un échec au test du pendule pour des intercalaires dont la valeur de l’adhésion verre - couche adhésive intercalaire mesurée par la méthode TCT à 33 mm. s 1 et 20 °C est comprise de 4 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) à 14 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) et dont l’épaisseur est comprise entre 0,7 et 0,8 mm. [0027] The resistance to opening and to tear propagation is measured as follows. Twenty samples of 5 x 10 cm 2 interlayer are cut before lamination. Two slits are cut from two opposite edges in the middle of each sample, so as to separate the rectangle into two squares of 5 x 5 cm 2 each. The separation is, however, incomplete, because there remains an intact ligament between the two cuts. Each sample has a different ligament length 1. All samples have the same thickness b (for example 0.76 mm). A tensile test is carried out at 20°C and 100 mm/min until complete rupture on each sample. For each sample, the work W is measured until rupture. The diagram of W / 1b versus 1 is a straight line which is extrapolated for 1 = 0. The extrapolated value, in J / m2, is the intrinsic resistance of the interlayer to opening and tear propagation, independently of the geometry of the sample. A resistance to opening and tear propagation at most equal to 30 kJ/m 2 is manifested by a failure of the pendulum test for interlayers whose value of glass adhesion - interlayer adhesive layer measured by the TCT method at 33 mm. s 1 and 20 °C is between 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) and 14 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) and whose thickness is between 0.7 and 0.8 mm.
[0028] Les première et troisième couche de l’intercalaire de feuilletage d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention comprennent un polymère choisi parmi le poly(butyral de vinyle) (PVB), l’éthylène- acétate de vinyle (EVA), les résines ionomères et leurs mélanges. [0028] The first and third layers of the lamination interlayer of laminated glazing according to the invention comprise a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and their mixtures.
[0029] En particulier, la première couche peut comprendre un polymère choisi parmi le PVB et LEVA, de préférence du PVB. La première couche peut être constituée d’un polymère choisi parmi le PVB et LEVA, de préférence de PVB In particular, the first layer may comprise a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB. The first layer may consist of a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB
[0030] En particulier, la troisième couche peut comprendre un polymère choisi parmi le PVB et LEVA, de préférence du PVB. La troisième couche peut être constituée d’un polymère choisi parmi le PVB et LEVA, de préférence de PVB. In particular, the third layer may comprise a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB. The third layer may consist of a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
[0031] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les première et troisième couches peuvent comprendre un polymère choisi parmi le PVB et LEVA, de préférence du PVB. According to a particular embodiment, the first and third layers may comprise a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
[0032] Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus particulier, les première et troisième couches peuvent être constituées d’un polymère choisi parmi le PVB et LEVA, de préférence de PVB. According to an even more particular embodiment, the first and third layers can consist of a polymer chosen from PVB and LEVA, preferably PVB.
[0033] Ainsi, dans un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention, au moins une des première et troisième couches peut comprendre du PVB, en particulier les première et troisième couches comprennent du PVB et de préférence, les première et troisième couches sont constituées de PVB. [0033] Thus, in laminated glazing according to the invention, at least one of the first and third layers may comprise PVB, in particular the first and third layers comprise PVB and preferably, the first and third layers consist of PVB .
[0034] Un PVB convenant à la présente invention est par exemple choisi parmi les PVB commercialisés par la société Eastman sous les références Saflex RB 11 et RB41 ou par la société Kuraray sous la référence Trosifol B200 Clear. [0034] A PVB suitable for the present invention is for example chosen from the PVBs marketed by the company Eastman under the references Saflex RB 11 and RB41 or by the company Kuraray under the reference Trosifol B200 Clear.
[0035] La deuxième couche de l’intercalaire de feuilletage d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention comprend un matériau choisi parmi les polycarbonates, le verre, le polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), les résines ionomères, le polytéréphtalate d'éthylène (PET) et leurs mélanges. [0035] The second layer of the lamination interlayer of laminated glazing according to the invention comprises a material chosen from polycarbonates, glass, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET ) and their mixtures.
[0036] Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, ladite deuxième couche comprend du PET, de préférence elle est constituée de PET. [0036] In a particular embodiment of the invention, said second layer comprises PET, preferably it is made of PET.
[0037] Un PET convenant à la présente invention est par exemple le PET commercialisé par la société Eastman sous la référence Saflex XIR 75. A PET suitable for the present invention is for example PET sold by the company Eastman under the reference Saflex XIR 75.
[0038] Dans le vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention, CTOT peut être compris de 0,25 mm à 0,73 mm, en particulier CTOT est compris de 0,40 mm à 0,70 mm et de préférence CTOT est compris de 0,50 mm à 0,61 mm. [0039] Lorsque CTOT est inférieur à 0,25 mm, aux interfaces verre / PVB, les phénomènes d’adhésion et d’absorption d’énergie, tel que décrit dans «Adhesion rupture in laminated glass: influence of adhesion on the energy dissipation mechanisms», P. Fourton, et al., Glass Structures & Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 397-410, 2020, sont insuffisants pour obtenir un niveau de performance P2A selon la norme EN 356. [0038] In the laminated glazing according to the invention, CTOT can be comprised from 0.25 mm to 0.73 mm, in particular CTOT is comprised from 0.40 mm to 0.70 mm and preferably CTOT is comprised from 0 .50mm to 0.61mm. [0039] When CTOT is less than 0.25 mm, at the glass/PVB interfaces, the adhesion and energy absorption phenomena, as described in “Adhesion rupture in laminated glass: influence of adhesion on the energy dissipation mechanisms”, P. Fourton, et al., Glass Structures & Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 397-410, 2020, are insufficient to obtain a P2A performance level according to the EN 356 standard.
[0040] Les deux feuilles de verre du vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention peuvent avoir des épaisseurs identiques ou différentes, comprises de 1,0 mm à 25,0 mm, en particulier de 1,4 mm à 6,0 mm et de préférence de 1,6 mm à 4,0 mm . The two sheets of glass of the laminated glazing according to the invention can have identical or different thicknesses, ranging from 1.0 mm to 25.0 mm, in particular from 1.4 mm to 6.0 mm and preferably from 1.6mm to 4.0mm.
[0041] Lesdites feuilles de verre peuvent être constituées de verre minéral tel que flotté, sodocalcique, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, éventuellement trempé thermiquement ou renforcé chimiquement. Le verre est incolore ou teinté. [0041] Said glass sheets may consist of mineral glass such as float, soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, optionally thermally tempered or chemically reinforced. The glass is colorless or tinted.
[0042] Elles peuvent également avantageusement porter au moins une couche ou un empilement de couches fonctionnel(le) transparent(e) tel(le) qu’obtenu(e) par pulvérisation cathodique assistée par magnétron, par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD), par voie liquide telle que par sol- gel, consistant en une couche ou un empilement de contrôle thermique, antisolaire, bas- émissi(f)(ve), antireflet, une couche de modification de la tension superficielle, hydrophobe, hydrophile, autonettoyante photocatalytique, une couche électroconductrice reliée à une source de courant électrique, de chauffage antigivre, antibuée. [0042] They can also advantageously carry at least one transparent functional layer or stack of layers such as obtained by magnetron-assisted cathode sputtering, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). ), by liquid method such as by sol-gel, consisting of a thermal control layer or stack, anti-solar, low-emission, anti-reflective, a surface tension modification layer, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, photocatalytic self-cleaning, an electroconductive layer connected to a source of electric current, anti-frost, anti-fog heating.
[0043] Selon un deuxième aspect, l’invention se rapporte à un vitrage isolant comprenant un assemblage de vitrages parallèles, deux vitrages consécutifs dans l’assemblage étant séparés par une cavité renfermant une lame de gaz, ledit vitrage isolant comprenant au moins un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention. [0043] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to insulating glazing comprising an assembly of parallel glazings, two consecutive glazings in the assembly being separated by a cavity containing a gas blade, said insulating glazing comprising at least one glazing laminated according to the invention.
[0044] Le vitrage isolant de l’invention est notamment un vitrage double (une lame de gaz), ou triple (deux lames de gaz). The insulating glazing of the invention is in particular double glazing (one gas blade), or triple glazing (two gas blades).
[0045] De préférence, le vitrage isolant consiste en un double vitrage dont la lame de gaz a une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 20 mm. Preferably, the insulating glazing consists of double glazing whose gas blade has a thickness of between 10 and 20 mm.
[0046] De préférence, le vitrage isolant consiste en un double vitrage d’épaisseur comprise entre 18 et 30 mm. [0046] Preferably, the insulating glazing consists of double glazing with a thickness of between 18 and 30 mm.
[0047] Dans le vitrage isolant selon l’invention, les vitrages qui ne sont pas l’au moins un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention peuvent être des verres monolithiques, en particulier choisis parmi les polymères structuraux, de préférence le poly(méthacrylate de méthyle), le polycarbonate, le polyuréthane structural ; les verres sodocalciques ; les verres d’aluminosilicate ; les verres de borosilicate ; facultativement trempés thermiquement ou trempés chimiquement. [0048] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les verres monolithiques peuvent avoir une épaisseur comprise de 1 mm à 25 mm. [0047] In the insulating glazing according to the invention, the glazing which is not at least one laminated glazing according to the invention can be monolithic glass, in particular chosen from structural polymers, preferably poly(methacrylate of methyl), polycarbonate, structural polyurethane; soda-lime glasses; aluminosilicate glasses; borosilicate glasses; optionally thermally tempered or chemically tempered. [0048] According to a particular embodiment, the monolithic glasses can have a thickness of 1 mm to 25 mm.
[0049] En particulier, dans le vitrage isolant selon l’invention, chaque lame de gaz a une épaisseur comprise de 4 mm à 30 mm. [0049] In particular, in the insulating glazing according to the invention, each gas blade has a thickness of between 4 mm and 30 mm.
[0050] En particulier, dans le vitrage isolant selon l’invention, le gaz est un gaz isolant choisi parmi l’air, l’argon, le krypton, le xénon et leurs mélanges. [0050] In particular, in the insulating glazing according to the invention, the gas is an insulating gas chosen from air, argon, krypton, xenon and their mixtures.
[0051] Enfin, selon un troisième aspect, l’invention concerne un procédé d’obtention d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention, comprenant une étape de laminage de l’intercalaire de feuilletage entre deux feuilles de verre. [0051] Finally, according to a third aspect, the invention relates to a process for obtaining laminated glazing according to the invention, comprising a step of laminating the lamination interlayer between two sheets of glass.
[0052] En particulier, l’étape de laminage peut comprendre : [0052] In particular, the rolling step may include:
- une étape de chauffage à une température comprise de 40 °C à 100 °C, en particulier de 45 °C à 80 °C et de préférence de 50 °C à 70 °C, - a heating step at a temperature of 40°C to 100°C, in particular 45°C to 80°C and preferably 50°C to 70°C,
- une étape de calandrage sous une pression comprise de 2 à 10 bars, en particulier de 3 à 8 bars et de préférence de 4 à 6 bars, et - a calendering step under a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, in particular 3 to 8 bars and preferably 4 to 6 bars, and
- une étape d’autoclavage durant de 1 à 10 heures, en particulier de 2 à 8 heures et de préférence de 3 à 6 heures, à une température comprise de 80 °C à 200 °C, en particulier de 100 °C à 180 °C, et de préférence de 120 °C à 160 °C et sous une pression comprise de 10 à 17 bars, en particulier de 11 à 16 bars, de préférence de 12 à 15 bars. - an autoclaving step lasting from 1 to 10 hours, in particular from 2 to 8 hours and preferably from 3 to 6 hours, at a temperature of from 80°C to 200°C, in particular from 100°C to 180°C °C, and preferably from 120 °C to 160 °C and under a pressure of 10 to 17 bars, in particular 11 to 16 bars, preferably 12 to 15 bars.
Exemples Examples
[0053] Les vitrages feuilletés des exemples décrits ci-dessous sont constitués en collant deux feuilles de verre de 4 mm d’épaisseur commercialisées par la Société Saint-Gobain Glass sous la référence Planiclear par l’intermédiaire des intercalaires de feuilletage décrits dans le tableau 1 suivant [0053] The laminated glazing of the examples described below are made by gluing two sheets of glass 4 mm thick marketed by the Saint-Gobain Glass Company under the reference Planiclear using the lamination interlayers described in the table 1 next
[Tableau 1]
Figure imgf000011_0001
[Table 1]
Figure imgf000011_0001
[0054] Les vitrages feuilletés sont obtenus par un procédé de laminage comprenant successivement un chauffage à 60 °C, un calandrage à 5 bars et un autoclavage sous 13 bars à 140 °C pendant 5 heures. [0054] The laminated glazings are obtained by a lamination process successively comprising heating at 60°C, calendering at 5 bars and autoclaving at 13 bars at 140°C for 5 hours.
[0055] Les dits vitrages ont été évalués par la méthode MBH3 telle que décrite ci-dessus, en utilisant au minimum 30 vitrages de 1100x900 mm2 par composition (exemples 1 et 2 selon l’invention et exemples comparatifs la, 1b, 2a et 2b). Il apparaît dans un premier temps que les vitrages feuilletés selon l’invention satisfont le niveau P2A de la norme EN 356. Said glazings were evaluated by the MBH3 method as described above, using at least 30 glazings of 1100x900 mm 2 per composition (examples 1 and 2 according to the invention and comparative examples la, 1b, 2a and 2b). It first appears that the laminated glazing according to the invention meets level P2A of the EN 356 standard.
[0056] Pour une même quantité de PVB consommé, un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention comprenant un intercalaire avec une fine couche de PET représente une augmentation significative des performances en résistance à l’impact desdits vitrages. En effet, l’exemple 1 selon l’invention représente une augmentation de 2.48 m de MBH3 soit 134 % par rapport à l’exemple comparatif la comprenant une même quantité de PVB, tandis que l’exemple 1 comprend une couche centrale de 70 pm de PET. De même, l’exemple 2 selon l’invention, comprenant une couche centrale de 30 pm de PET, représente une augmentation de 91,6 % par rapport à l’exemple comparatif 2a comprenant une même épaisseur d’intercalaire, uniquement constitué de PVB. [0056] For the same quantity of PVB consumed, laminated glazing according to the invention comprising an interlayer with a thin layer of PET represents a significant increase in the impact resistance performance of said glazing. Indeed, example 1 according to the invention represents an increase of 2.48 m of MBH3 or 134% compared to the comparative example including the same quantity of PVB, while example 1 includes a central layer of 70 pm of PET. Likewise, example 2 according to the invention, comprising a central layer of 30 μm of PET, represents an increase of 91.6% compared to comparative example 2a comprising the same thickness of interlayer, consisting solely of PVB .
[0057] Ainsi il apparaît que les vitrages feuilletés selon l’invention permettent, pour une épaisseur d’intercalaire de feuilletage équivalente, d’améliorer significativement le niveau de performance en résistance à l’impact par rapport à des vitrages feuilletés usuels, c’est à dire comprenant un intercalaire de feuilletage constitué de PVB. [0057] Thus it appears that the laminated glazing according to the invention makes it possible, for an equivalent thickness of lamination interlayer, to significantly improve the level of performance in terms of impact resistance compared to usual laminated glazing, i.e. that is to say comprising a lamination interlayer made of PVB.
[0058] Le tableau 2 suivant décrit l’exemple 3 selon l’invention et l’exemple comparatif 3, réalisés selon le même mode opératoire que les exemples précédemment présentés. [Tableau 2]
Figure imgf000012_0001
[0058] The following Table 2 describes Example 3 according to the invention and Comparative Example 3, produced according to the same procedure as the examples previously presented. [Table 2]
Figure imgf000012_0001
[0059] La comparaison de l’exemple 3 selon l’invention ci-dessous et de l’exemple comparatif 3 démontre que, pour des vitrages feuilletés selon l’invention, un niveau de performance en résistance à l’impact au moins similaire à un vitrage feuilleté usuel est obtenu pour une épaisseur d’intercalaire d’environ 20 % inférieure. The comparison of Example 3 according to the invention below and Comparative Example 3 demonstrates that, for laminated glazing according to the invention, a level of performance in impact resistance at least similar to usual laminated glazing is obtained for an interlayer thickness of approximately 20% less.
[0060] En outre, puisqu’il est démontré que, pour une même épaisseur totale d’intercalaire, les intercalaires dans un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention permettent une augmentation significative des performances en résistance à l’impact desdits vitrages, il en découle que, pour une même performance à l’impact, les intercalaires dans un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention permettent une réduction significative de l’épaisseur de l’intercalaire, consommant moins de matière pour la constitution de vitrages feuilletés, en particulier destinés à être utilisés en vitrage isolant [0060] Furthermore, since it has been demonstrated that, for the same total thickness of interlayer, the interlayers in laminated glazing according to the invention allow a significant increase in the impact resistance performance of said glazing, it follows that, for the same impact performance, the interlayers in a laminated glazing according to the invention allow a significant reduction in the thickness of the interlayer, consuming less material for the constitution of laminated glazing, in particular intended to be used in insulating glazing

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Vitrage feuilleté comprenant deux feuilles de verre séparées par un intercalaire de feuilletage, dans lequel l’intercalaire de feuilletage comprend successivement : une première couche comprenant un polymère choisi parmi le poly(butyral de vinyle) (PVB), l’éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA), les résines ionomères et leurs mélanges, une deuxième couche comprenant un matériau choisi parmi les polycarbonates, le verre, le polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), les résines ionomères, le polytéréphtalate d'éthylène (PET) et leurs mélanges, et une troisième couche comprenant un polymère choisi parmi le poly(butyral de vinyle) (PVB), l’éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA), les résines ionomères et leurs mélanges, dans lequel l’épaisseur totale CTOT de l’intercalaire de feuilletage est inférieure ou égale à 0,73 mm et [Claim 1] Laminated glazing comprising two sheets of glass separated by a lamination interlayer, in which the lamination interlayer successively comprises: a first layer comprising a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene -vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and mixtures thereof, a second layer comprising a material chosen from polycarbonates, glass, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer resins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and their mixtures, and a third layer comprising a polymer chosen from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resins and mixtures thereof, in which the total CTOT thickness of the lamination interlayer is less than or equal to 0.73 mm and
CTOT = 0,75 61,3 + 0,19 CTOT = 0.75 61.3 + 0.19
CTOT = 0,76 — 3 62 où 61,3 est la somme des épaisseurs des première et troisième couches et 62 est l’épaisseur de la deuxième couche. CTOT = 0.76 — 3 62 where 61.3 is the sum of the thicknesses of the first and third layers and 62 is the thickness of the second layer.
[Revendication 2] Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la valeur de l’adhésion entre le verre et l’intercalaire de feuilletage, mesurée par la méthode TCT à 33 mm. s 1 et 20°C est comprise de 4 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm) à[Claim 2] Laminated glazing according to the preceding claim, in which the value of the adhesion between the glass and the lamination interlayer, measured by the TCT method at 33 mm. s 1 and 20°C is included from 4 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm) to
14 kJ/m2 + 8 kJ/m3 x CTOT (mm), et la couche adhésive intercalaire a une résistance à l’ouverture et à la propagation de déchirure supérieure à 30 kJ/m2. 14 kJ/m 2 + 8 kJ/m 3 x CTOT (mm), and the interlayer adhesive layer has a resistance to opening and tear propagation greater than 30 kJ/m 2 .
[Revendication 3] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins une des première et troisième couches comprend du PVB, en particulier les première et troisième couches comprennent du PVB et de préférence, les première et troisième couches sont constituées de PVB. [Claim 3] Laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least one of the first and third layers comprises PVB, in particular the first and third layers comprise PVB and preferably, the first and third layers consist of of PVB.
[Revendication 4] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la deuxième couche comprend du PET, en particulier la deuxième couche est constituée de PET. [Claim 4] Laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the second layer comprises PET, in particular the second layer consists of PET.
[Revendication 5] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ledit vitrage appartenant à la classe P2A selon la norme NF EN 356. [Claim 5] Laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, said glazing belonging to class P2A according to standard NF EN 356.
[Revendication 6] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel CTOT est compris de 0,25 mm à 0,73 mm, en particulier CTOT est compris de 0,40 mm à 0,70 mm et de préférence CTOT est compris de 0,50 mm à 0,61 mm. [Claim 6] Laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, in which CTOT is comprised from 0.25 mm to 0.73 mm, in particular CTOT is comprised from 0.40 mm to 0.70 mm and preferably CTOT is between 0.50 mm and 0.61 mm.
[Revendication 7] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les feuilles de verres sont constituées de verre minéral tel que flotté, sodocalcique, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, éventuellement trempé thermiquement ou renforcé chimiquement. [Claim 7] Laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the glass sheets consist of mineral glass such as float, soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, optionally thermally tempered or chemically reinforced.
[Revendication 8] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins une feuille de verre porte au moins une couche ou un empilement de couches fonctionnel(le) transparent(e) tel(le) qu’obtenu(e) par pulvérisation cathodique assistée par magnétron, par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD), par voie liquide telle que par sol-gel, consistant en une couche ou un empilement de contrôle thermique, antisolaire, bas-émissi(f)(ve), antireflet, une couche de modification de la tension superficielle, hydrophobe, hydrophile, autonettoyante photocatalytique, une couche électroconductrice reliée à une source de courant électrique, de chauffage antigivre, antibuée. [Claim 8] Laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least one sheet of glass carries at least one transparent functional layer or stack of layers as obtained ) by magnetron-assisted cathode sputtering, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), by liquid means such as sol-gel, consisting of a thermal control layer or stack, anti-solar, low-emissivity , anti-reflective, a surface tension modification layer, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, photocatalytic self-cleaning, an electroconductive layer connected to an electric current source, anti-frost heating, anti-fog.
[Revendication 9] Vitrage isolant comprenant un assemblage de vitrages parallèles, deux vitrages consécutifs dans l’assemblage étant séparés par une cavité renfermant une lame de gaz, ledit vitrage isolant comprenant au moins un vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes. [Claim 9] Insulating glazing comprising an assembly of parallel glazings, two consecutive glazings in the assembly being separated by a cavity containing a gas blade, said insulating glazing comprising at least one laminated glazing according to any one of the preceding claims.
[Revendication 10] Vitrage isolant selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les vitrages qui ne sont pas l’au moins un vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, sont des verres monolithiques, en particulier choisis parmi les polymères structuraux, de préférence le poly(méthacrylate de méthyle), le polycarbonate, le polyuréthane structural ; les verres sodocalciques ; les verres d’aluminosilicate ; les verres de borosilicate ; facultativement trempés thermiquement ou trempés chimiquement. [Claim 10] Insulating glazing according to the preceding claim, in which the glazing which is not at least one laminated glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, are monolithic glasses, in particular chosen from structural polymers, preferably poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, structural polyurethane; soda-lime glasses; aluminosilicate glasses; borosilicate glasses; optionally thermally tempered or chemically tempered.
[Revendication 11] Vitrage isolant selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les verres monolithiques ont une épaisseur comprise de 1 mm à 25 mm. [Claim 11] Insulating glazing according to the preceding claim, in which the monolithic glasses have a thickness of 1 mm to 25 mm.
[Revendication 12] Vitrage isolant selon l’une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel chaque lame de gaz a une épaisseur comprise de 4 mm à 30 mm. [Claim 12] Insulating glazing according to any one of claims 9 to 11, in which each gas blade has a thickness of 4 mm to 30 mm.
[Revendication 13] Vitrage isolant selon l’une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel le gaz est un gaz isolant choisi parmi l’air, l’argon, le krypton, le xénon et leurs mélanges. [Claim 13] Insulating glazing according to any one of claims 9 to 12, in which the gas is an insulating gas chosen from air, argon, krypton, xenon and their mixtures.
[Revendication 14] Procédé d’obtention d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant une étape de laminage de l’intercalaire de feuilletage entre deux feuilles de verre. [Claim 14] Process for obtaining laminated glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a step of rolling the lamination interlayer between two sheets of glass.
[Revendication 15] Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel l’étape de laminage comprend : [Claim 15] Method according to the preceding claim, in which the rolling step comprises:
- une étape de chauffage à une température comprise de 40 °C à 100 °C, en particulier de 45 °C à 80 °C et de préférence de 50 °C à 70 °C, - a heating step at a temperature of 40°C to 100°C, in particular 45°C to 80°C and preferably 50°C to 70°C,
- une étape de calandrage sous une pression comprise de 2 à 10 bars, en particulier de 3 à 8 bars et de préférence de 4 à 6 bars, et - a calendering step under a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, in particular 3 to 8 bars and preferably from 4 to 6 bars, and
- une étape d’autoclavage durant de 1 à 10 heures, en particulier de 2 à 8 heures et de préférence de 3 à 6 heures, à une température comprise de 80 °C à 200 °C, en particulier de 100 °C à 180 °C, et de préférence de 120 °C à 160 °C et sous une pression comprise de 10 à 17 bars, en particulier de 11 à 16 bars, de préférence de 12 à 15 bars. - an autoclaving step lasting from 1 to 10 hours, in particular from 2 to 8 hours and preferably from 3 to 6 hours, at a temperature of from 80°C to 200°C, in particular from 100°C to 180°C °C, and preferably from 120 °C to 160 °C and under a pressure of 10 to 17 bars, in particular 11 to 16 bars, preferably 12 to 15 bars.
PCT/EP2023/087718 2022-12-22 2023-12-22 Laminated glazing with low consumption of materials and optimized impact resistance WO2024133926A1 (en)

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