WO2024130245A1 - Systems for exhaust pollution mitigation - Google Patents

Abstract

This disclosure includes an industrial filtration system and components for the system. The components include a flue that is smaller than conventional filtration systems. The system also includes one or more heaters configured to convert a dosing solution into a vapor to interact with gaseous emissions generated by an industrial factory or power plant. Embodiments may also include one or more filters, some of which being surrounded by one or more magnets to create a magnetic field within the flue to affect the gaseous emissions. Various sensors, such as gas, temperature, and pressure may be used to send data to a controller that may vary inputs to the system. The inputs can include heat and pressure, or generate warnings that various components may be failing, need replacement, or need maintenance.

Description

SYSTEMS FOR EXHAUST POLLUTION MITIGATION

Cross-Reference to Related Application

This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/433,399, filed December 16, 2022, and entitled “FILTRATION SYSTEM AND FEATURES THEREOF,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0001] This disclosure includes exhaust systems and methods designed for the cleaning and mitigation of pollution generated by power plants and industrial facilities, including coal-fired power plants. More specifically, embodiments address the need for an efficient and environmentally conscious exhaust system capable of reducing harmful emissions and pollutants released during the industrial processes.

[0002] With the increasing global focus on environmental sustainability and the adverse effects of industrial emissions on air quality, there is a growing demand for innovative technologies that can effectively mitigate pollution from power plants and industrial facilities. Traditional exhaust systems often fall short in achieving the desired level of pollutant removal, such as carbon dioxide and other emissions, leading to environmental concerns and regulatory challenges.

Existing exhaust systems typically rely on conventional methods like electrostatic precipitators or scrubbers, which might have limitations in capturing specific pollutants or might involve high operational costs. Furthermore, the ongoing evolution of industrial processes has led to a demand for exhaust systems adaptable to different pollutants and operational conditions. Additionally, integrating pollution mitigation technologies at industrial facilities, whether by constructing new facilities or retrofitting existing ones, has posed a challenge due to external factors that negatively affected their economic viability.

SUMMARY

[0003] The embodiments of this disclosure overcome the limitations of existing exhaust systems by providing a novel and versatile solution for pollution mitigation in power plants and industrial facilities. The proposed exhaust system enhances the efficiency of pollutant capture, reduces operational costs, and promotes environmental sustainability.

[0004] Embodiments include a combination of heaters configured to generate a vapor of dosing solution that pollutants pass through before entering one or more filters, at least one of which is surrounded by one or more magnets. This advanced filtration technology includes advanced filtration materials and mechanisms designed to effectively capture a wide range of pollutants, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful emissions. This ensures optimal performance and compliance with stringent environmental regulations. Embodiments can include an intelligent and adaptive control system integrated into the exhaust system, allowing real-time monitoring of pollutant levels and adjusting filtration parameters accordingly. This adaptability ensures optimal performance under varying operational conditions. The exhaust system incorporates energy-efficient components and processes to minimize power consumption and operational costs, contributing to the overall sustainability of industrial operations.

[0005] In conclusion, the present disclosure represents a significant advancement in the field of exhaust systems for pollution mitigation in power plants and industrial facilities. The combination of advanced filtration technology, selective pollutant removal, adaptive control, and energy efficiency distinguishes this disclosure from existing solutions, making it a valuable contribution to the ongoing efforts towards a cleaner and more sustainable industrial environment.

[0006] In one example, a flue or smokestack may include one or more external heater assemblies configured to vaporize a dosing solution, each of the external heater assemblies. One or more of the heating assemblies can a housing, an interface configured to connect the housing to the flue, one or more heating elements, and one or more dosing solution injectors configured to generate a mist adjacent to the one or more heating elements, wherein the heating elements are configured to generate heat to vaporize the mist into a vapor. The heating assemblies may further include more or more dividers to distribute the vapor within the flue. The flue may further include one or more filters arranged in the flue downstream from the vaporized dosing solution, and one or more magnets arranged adjacent to a subset of the one or more filters. The flue may further include separate internal heaters arranged inside the flue adjacent to the one or more filters. A controller may be configured to control a first voltage applied to the one or more external heaters, a second voltage to the one or more internal heaters, and a pressure applied to the dosing solution to the one or more dosing solution injectors.

[0007] The flue system may further include one or more blowers to increase a rate of flow of emissions through the flue. The blowers may be located at various portions of the emissions system to ensure proper follow rate and effective pollution reduction. The controller may control the amount of power generated to the one or more blowers depending on sensor data.

[0008] Sensor data can include data from one or more gas sensors coupled to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to vary inputs, such as heat and pressure, to a single flue in response to data received from the one or more gas sensors.

[0009] The external heaters may include a pressure sensor configured to detect a dosing solution fluid pressure at the one or more dosing solution injectors.

[0010] The flue may also include various temperature sensors configured to detect the temperature inside the housing at various locations.

[0011] The heating elements can be arranged in a spiral or coil surrounding a direction in which the mist flows to convert the mist into a vapor.

[0012] The external heaters further comprise an overflow valve configured to return dosing solution to a pump when there is an overload in the pressure, the pump coupled to a dosing supply tank.

[0013] The flue can also include a communications interface, comprising one or more connections to various sensors and components, and configured to communicate data to and from a controller.

[0014] The flue external heaters may include one or more solenoids to control pressure of the dosing solution in the injector.

[0015] The internal heaters of the flue may include a ribbon- shaped filament made of a current conducting material that has resistance to generate heat. The ribbon-shaped filament may be bent in a serpentine configuration and have a porous wall. The ribbon-shaped filament may include major surface oriented perpendicular to a plane of the serpentine structure to not obstruct emission flow and to heat it up to increase pollutant reduction. The internal heaters may be supported by one or more brackets.

[0016] Some examples include two heaters supported on opposite sides of the bracket. [0017] Another example of a representative system includes a flue, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector coupled to the flue, and at least one heater. The flue may also include a nitrous oxide (NOx) filter, a SCR filter, a magnet coupled a temperature sensor; and at least one gas composition sensor. The magnetic field can disrupt, slow down, or both disrupt and slow down flue gas flowing through the flue. The at least one magnet may be positioned inside or outside of the flue. It may be advantageous to insulate the magnet from heat. The magnet may be an electro or permanent magnet, and may include a plurality of magnets or magnet units positioned along a longitudinal axis of the flue.

[0018] The emissions system may also include a pump coupled to a dosing supply tank, wherein the pump is configured to pump dosing solution to one or more injectors adjacent to the at least one heater.

[0019] Examples may include a processor configured to detect a temperature inside the flue, and to automatically adjust the temperature inside the flue based on the detected temperature detected inside the flue by controlling voltage to one or more heaters. The adjustment may include varying a voltage applied to heating elements. The system may also include a pressure sensor coupled to the processor and configured to detect a pressure inside of a dosing tube between the pump and the one or more injectors. The processor may also adjust pressure output by the pump in response to detecting the pressure inside the dosing tube. The flue system can also include a plurality of heaters to heat the dosing solution.

[0020] The plurality of heaters may be arranged at different offsets relative to the flue to distribute dosing solution vapor more evenly.

[0021] The system can include an SCR agent injector coupled to one of the plurality of heaters and configured to inject the agent adjacent to the heater.

[0022] Another example includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for mixing a dosing solution vapor with an exhaust gas. The system can include a heater to heat the dosing solution, wherein the dosing solution comprises a nitrogen portion and an aqueous portion. The system may include a flue comprising a first inlet to direct the heated dosing solution to a SCR reaction chamber. The system may also include a second inlet for introducing the exhaust gas into the SCR reaction chamber, wherein the dosing solution undergoes an NOx reduction in the SCR reaction chamber to produce oxidized particulates. The system can include one or more magnets arranged adjacent to the SCR reaction chamber, at least one hSO2 honeycomb, at least one NOx particulate, and at least one particulate filter arranged within the SCR reaction chamber. The oxidized particulates arc removed from the SCR reaction chamber by the at least one magnet and the at least one SO2 honeycomb, the at least one NOx particulate, and the at least one particulate filter. A controller may be coupled to the heater to control an amount of heat applied to the dosing solution to generate the dosing solution vapor.

[0023] The dosing solution may include various percentages of components, such urea or ammonia and 3.0-4.0% w/v of a salt. The dosing solution may also include 30% w/v of the nitrogen portion and 70% w/v of the aqueous portion.

[0024] The system may include a dosing solution supply tank to direct the dosing solution to the SCR reaction chamber. The supply tank may be coupled to dosing tubing. The dosing tube may be equipped with at least one pressure sensor and is connected to at least one pump to detect a pressure in the dosing tubing.

[0025] The pressure in the dosing tubing can vary, may be is at least 60 psi.

[0026] The pump can include an automatic shutoff system when the pressure in the dosing tubing is below a predetermined level. The dosing solution supply tank may include a mixer to mix the dosing solution to keep its composition consistent. A controller may be coupled to the heater to control the amount of heat applied to the dosing solution to generate the dosing solution vapor.

[0027] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples are described with reference to the following figures.

[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a vertical flue including heaters, filters, and other components in accordance with various embodiments in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates a different perspective view of the vertical flue of FIG. 1.

[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates an example heater inside of a filter of FIG. 1. [0032] FIG. 4 illustrates a circular flue in accordance with some embodiments in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates a flue in a horizontal configuration in accordance with some embodiments in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates a second perspective view of the horizontal configuration illustrated in FIG. 5 in accordance with some embodiments in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 7 illustrates a system diagram of a computing device that may be integrated or otherwise associated with controlling embodiments comprising a system of elements for controlling reduction of pollution in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 8 illustrates a third perspective view of the horizontal configuration illustrated in FIGS. 5-6 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 9 illustrates a cutaway perspective of an external heater assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustrations specific embodiments or examples. These aspects may be combined, other aspects may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the present disclosure. Examples may be practiced as methods, systems or devices. Accordingly, examples may take the form of a hardware implementation, an entirely software implementation, or an implementation combining software and hardware aspects. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0039] Embodiments of the disclosure can include one or more components including a one or more controllers, one or more heaters, one or more dosing agent injectors (also known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector), dosing agent, one or more flues (also known as smokestacks, ducts, pipes, flue-gas stacks, or openings for conveying exhaust gases to the outdoors), one or more magnets, one or more filters, and one or more pump, pressure sensors, gas composition sensors, temperature sensors, couplings, and pipes. Embodiments include individual components and combinations of them. The magnets can be electric, permanent, or a combination of the two. Embodiments may include a magnet surrounding or nearby or adjacent to a subset of one or more filters. The magnets may be inside or outside of the flue, but they are preferably outside of the flue. In some embodiments, a plurality of magnet units (e.g., each unit contains at least one magnet) may be positioned along a longitudinal axis of the flue with each magnet providing a respective magnetic field within the flue.

[0040] A controller may receive sensor data from one or more sensors coupled to one or more of the components, such as the pressure sensors, the temperature sensors, the heaters, the gas composition sensors, the dosing agent injectors, pump, a communications interface, and other components. The controller includes software for reading values from each of the sensors and controlling the inputs to the system, including heat, pressure, mixing, and dosing solution, to maximize pollutant reduction. The controller may be programmed to send different voltages to components such as blowers, heaters, magnets, and pumps to optimize the performance of the system.

I. FLUE SYSTEM

[0041] In FIGS. 1-3 there is depicted in perspective view a cutaway of an example flue system 190 for a power plant embodying principles disclosed herein. The depicted flue system 190 includes a flue 270 for channeling post combustion gases to a flue emission outlet 280. In this description, the flue emission outlet 280 is located downstream of an inlet 700 through which the post-combustion gases are received into the flue 270. In the example flue system 190, there is a single flue 270, but multiple flues can be configured. As used herein “flue” refers to a SCR reaction chamber which is where conversion of nitrous oxide (NOx) in exhaust gas into nitrogen and water takes place in the presence of catalyst material. To perform the conversion, the SCR reaction chamber contains cassettes of the catalyst material.

[0042] In this embodiment, the flue 270 is vertically oriented with the inlet 700 located at a bottom of the flue 270 and the flue emission outlet 280 located at a top of the flue 270. Also located at the bottom of the flue 270 is a trap 710 used to collect falling particulates. The trap 710 has a door (not illustrated) that can be opened to release collected particulates for disposal or further processing. In some configurations, a collection device (not illustrated) such as a bucket, a receptacle, or a disposal system (e.g., a chamber, waste disposal tubing, etc.) may be positioned below the trap 710. Further, in some embodiments, the flue 270 may include one or more blowers to increase the rate of flow of the emissions through the flue 270.

[0043] It can be appreciated that given that the illustrated flue 270 is rectangular in cross section, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts, heaters, and filters described below preferably are rectangular in shape also along an axis of the flue 270. In other embodiments, e.g., as depicted in FIG. 4, the flue can be circular or oval, and thus the SCR filters, heaters, and filters preferably arc circular or oval along the axis of the flue, mutatis mutandis, respectively.

[0044] The flue system 190 preferably is provided with various gas cleaning apparatus along the flow path of the post combustion gases as they travel through the flue 270. To that end, in this exemplary embodiment, downstream of the inlet 700 is an arrangement of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reduction or dosing solution injectors 500 which inject the reduction solution/dosing solution into the flue 270 to mix it with and react it with the post combustion gases. The preferred injectors 500 are described in greater detail elsewhere. However, it is noted that the injectors 500 are illustrated in cutaway view of ease of explanation.

[0045] As described above, SCR systems remove NOx from flue gases emitted by power plant boilers, gas turbines, and other combustion sources. An SCR system selectively reduces NOx emissions by injecting a reduction agent such as ammonia (NH3) into the exhaust gases upstream of a catalyst. The NOx reacts with NH3 and oxygen (02) to form nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O).

[0046] However, it is noted here that the dosing/reduction agent or solution is preferably output from the injectors 500 (also known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector) in the form of mist to better mix and interact with the flue gases. An external heater assembly 300, such as illustrated in at least FIGS. 1-4, may be used to convert the mist into a gas or vapor state. As illustrated by FIG. 1, the external heater assembly 300 includes dividers 310, a set of coils 320, and an injector 500. In some embodiments the external heater assembly 300 receives power from power assembly 318. That vapor 172 may be directed at dividers 310 which serve to further disperse the vapor 172. As illustrated, the dividers 310 preferably comprise radially extending blades 312 and, to an extent, resemble fan blades. Preferably, the dividers 310 are static and do not rotate, however, the dividers 310 or the extending blades may be configured to rotate. As illustrated, a respective dividers 310 is associated a corresponding injector 500. In some embodiments, the external heater assembly 300 may also include an overflow valve configured to return dosing solution to a pump when there is an overload in the pressure. Other configurations of the external heater assembly 300 include one or more solenoids to control pressure of the dosing solution in the injector. The pump may be coupled to a dosing supply tank as described below. While FIG. 1 illustrates three pairs including a divider 310 and an injector 500, any combination of dividers 310 and injectors can be used. Additional description of the external heater assembly 300 is provided below.

[0047] Downstream of the injectors 500 is a heater unit 150. In the illustrated embodiment, two electric heaters 410 are provided in the heater unit 150, with the two heaters 410 supported on opposite sides of a bracket 412. As best seen in FIG. 3, each heater 410 preferably comprises a ribbon-shaped filament 414 or a heating element that is formed or bent into a serpentine or galloping configuration or structure with relatively sharp bights and contained within a porous wall 416. The wall 416 preferably has a honeycomb or mesh structure to allow flow of gases therethrough.

[0048] The ribbon-shaped filament 414 may be formed of a current conducting material such as a ferrous metal, or other material which conducts electricity. The ribbon-shaped filament 414, which has a relatively large flat or major surface area and is oriented with the flat or major surface parallel to the flow of the flue gases, i.e., to the major plane of the serpentine structure. The ribbon-shaped filament 414 or heater may have a major surface oriented perpendicular to a plane of the serpentine structure. The number of bights will vary depending on the amount of heat a heater is designed to impart and the impact on the flow of the flue gases. The heater unit 150 may be comprised of one or more heating elements and may also include a particulate filter to filter out or burn up any remaining large particulates remaining in the exhaust. The large particulates may get trapped within the filter, burned up, or may drop to be collected in a collection unit below the flue. However, in general, with this orientation and with the serpentine/galloping configuration, the heaters 410 allow for the flow of flue gases with the entrained and interacting dosing/reduction agent to pass through the heater while imparting maximum heat to the flue gases. [0049] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the two heater units 150 e.g., internal heaters within the flue) receive power from heater power assembly 204. In some embodiments, separate heater power assemblies may be used for each of the heater units 150. In other embodiments, a single heater power assembly may be coupled to the heater units 150 in series or in parallel. The two heater units 150 include an electric terminal through which current can be applied to the ribbon-shaped filament. At least one of the heating elements may be arranged in a spiral surrounding the direction in which the mist flows.

[0050] Ribbon filaments are efficient and provide the most heat per square inch or area. Ribbon elements can be low profile, flexible, and have large heat transfer areas. Ribbon filaments provide high power density, excellent hot strength and low watt density. They can be suspended or supported on insulated fixtures, particularly at a bight.

[0051] Ribbon filaments can be manufactured from nichrome, iron-chrome, iron-chrome- aluminum alloy, nickel-chrome, nickel-iron, nickel, stainless steel, molybdenum, tungsten, or MoSi2 conductor wire. Insulation materials used on or with the filaments or heating elements include mica, asbestos, ceramics, synthetic liquids, polymers and/or fiberglass.

[0052] As can be appreciated, the heaters 10 serve to heat the flue gases and the dosing/reduction agent so that when the gas and the dosing/reduction agent reach an SCR filter described below, it will reduce the likelihood of cracking and other damage to the catalyst caused by the impact of flue gases and dosing/agent that are too cold and that could cool the SCR filter too quickly.

[0053] Further, it can be appreciated that a given heater 410 can have more than one ribbonshaped filament or one-more more rod- shaped filaments. Other exemplary heater configurations include different numbers of heaters that can be arranged at different offsets relative to the flue to distribute dosing solution vapor more evenly.

[0054] Downstream of the particulate filter 251 is an arrangement comprised of a heater unit 155, an oxidation and particulate filter 252 (or diesel particulate filter (DPF)), and a NOx/SO and SCR filter 254 (referred to herein as SCR filter 154), in that order along the flow of the flue gases. The heater unit 155, the particulate filter 252 and the SCR filter 254 preferably are structurally the same as the heater unit 150, the oxidation and particulate filter 152 (or diesel particulate filter (DPF)), and the SCR filter 154, respectively. However, they could be differently structured. For example, the active surface of the SCR filter 254 could be coated with different materials than those coating the active surface of the SCR filter 154.

[0055] In this arrangement, the heater unit 155 is located upstream of the oxidation and particulate filter 252 rather than downstream of the SCR filter 254 to impart more heat to the flue gases before they reach the SCR filter 254.

[0056] As also illustrated, positioned at an outside of the flue 270 is at least one magnet or magnet unit 160. In this embodiment, the magnet unit 160 is positioned and configured to surround the heater unit 155. This magnet unit 160 provides a magnetic field that extends into the flue and the flue gases that serves to further disrupt and slow the flow of the gases. The magnet unit 160 preferably is insulated, e.g., by a double wall structure, from the flue 270 and the heat of the flue gases.

[0057] The magnet unit 160 can be comprised of one or more electromagnets or one or more permanent magnets. The magnet unit 160 need not surround the flue 270 if a sufficient magnetic field can be generated/provided by a magnetic field generating unit that does not surround the flue 270.

[0058] While only one magnet unit is illustrated in this embodiment, it can be appreciated that more than one magnet unit can be used along the axis or longitude of the flue 270 depending on the amount of disruption and slowing down of the flue gases is desired for a given flue design. Additionally, the magnet units need not be identically configured or of the same types. For example, there can be advantages to using an electromagnet which can be turned on and off, as well as advantages to permanent magnets that require less maintenance concerns. Suitable permanent magnets include neodymium magnets.

[0059] In one embodiment, a magnet unit can comprise a plurality of permanent magnets. The plurality of magnets may have an interior profile to conform to the outer profile of the flue. For example, for a flue with a circular or oval cross section, the interior profile of the magnets may be curved. The plurality of magnets may be provided in sets. The plurality of magnets may be disposed in an array having alternating polarities with the opposing polarities facing each other. Alternatively, the magnets may have the same polarity and the polarity may not vary along the longitudinal direction. Having magnets facing each other with opposite polarities results in a stronger magnetic field. [0060] In one embodiment, a central core magnetic rod may be provided as a part of the set of magnets. The central core magnetic rod may allow varying arrangements of polarities of the magnets. For example, the outer magnets that face each other may have the same or different polarities, which may vary along the longitudinal direction. In addition, the central core magnetic rod may be one piece extending from one longitudinal position to another longitudinal position, with one polarity at each end. Alternatively, the central core magnetic rod may be made of segments that may be separated from each other in the longitudinal direction and have polarities that may vary in the longitudinal direction.

[0061] While only one magnet unit is illustrated in this embodiment, it can be appreciated that more than one magnet unit can be used along the flue 270 depending on the amount of disruption and slowing down of the flue gases is desired for a given flue design. Additionally, the magnet units need not be identically configured or of the same types. For example, there can be advantages to using an electromagnet which can be turned on and off, as well as advantages to permanent magnets that require less maintenance concerns.

[0062] As can be appreciated, the conditions within the flue 270 can be monitored in various ways. For example, gas compositions can be monitored as can the temperature of the flue gases. In this way, the operation of the flue gases cleaning system can be monitored.

[0063] In the illustrated embodiment, between the heater unit 150 and the oxidation and particulate filter 152 there is provided a temperature sensor 450 for detecting the temperature of the flue gases exiting the heater unit 150. A signal indicative of the detected temperature is sent to the control panel 800, which in turn controls the operation of the heater unit 150 by either turning the heater unit on or off or by controlling the amount of current fed to the heater unit 150.

[0064] Between heater unit 250 and the particulate filter 251 is another temperature sensor 450. The temperature sensor 450 senses the temperature of the flue gases exiting the heater unit 250. A signal indicative of the sensed temperature is sent to the control panel 800 via the communication wires 520, which in turn controls the operation of the heater unit 250 by either turning the heater unit on or off or by controlling the amount of current fed to the heater unit 250.

[0065] Between the particulate filter 251 and the heater unit 155 is another temperature sensor 450. This temperature sensor 450 can also be referred to as the emergency temperature sensor 450. A signal indicative of the sensed temperature is sent to the control panel 800. If the temperature within the flue 270 exceed a desired amount or is rising too quickly, the controller can shut down the entire system or all the heater units to thereby prevent damage to the system.

[0066] Downstream of the SCR filter 154, at the flue emission outlet 280 is a gas composition sensor 400. The gas composition sensor 400 can measure the amounts of NOx, SO2, and/or other gases, or be dedicated to only measure the amount one or some of those gases. A signal indicating the amount(s) of the one or more of these gases is fed back to the control panel 800 which can then determine how well the system is operating and if any corrective actions are needed. A corrective action can include replacing one or more filters, one or more heating units, and/or one or more SCR filters. A corrective action can include adjusting the dosing/reduction agent injectors.

[0067] In that connection, it is noted that each of the heating units and filters described herein may be configured and mounted within the flue to be easily replaced. To that end, while not shown for ease of understanding, these units, can be exposed by opening a respective door or cover provided in the flue 270 and the respective heating units and filters can be slid out of the flue and a replacement slid into place.

[0068] In FIG. 5, there is illustrated another flue system 505 that is like the flue system 190 of FIG. 2, but which has a horizontal orientation, that is the longitude, and hence the flue gases flow is along a horizontal axis. In some configurations, the arrangement of the heater unit(s), particulate filter(s), oxidation and particulate filter(s) / diesel particulate filter (DPF), SCR filter(s), magnet unit(s), and dosing/reduction agent injectors is sufficiently similar and is omitted here for brevity. However, the numbers and positioning of these items will varying depending on the size and design of the power plant and the reference to FIG. 2 is not limiting to any particular configurations or components of the horizontal orientation. For example, in this flue system with the horizontal orientation, the particulate trap is located downstream of the flue gas cleaning system rather than upstream of the flue gas cleaning system. That is because, with the horizontal orientation, gravity will not cause the heavy particles in the flue gas to fall out at the flue system inlet. Rather, the particles will fall out of the flue gas once the flow has been slowed by the flue gas cleaning system. II. EXTERNAL HEATER ASSEMBLY

[0069] As described above, some embodiments can include an external heater assembly 300 arranged at least partially outside of the flue (referred to herein as an external heater or external heater assembly) that contains a dosing solution injector 500 to create a vapor 172 to aid in the industrial filtration system and a heating element 320 for heating the dosing solution. The external heater assembly 300 can have one or more pressure sensors, such as pressure sensor 620 as described above, to ensure that the dosing solution fluid pressure is sufficient to create a mist within the external heater assembly 300. The control panel 800 can detect solution pressure at various sensors and adjust the amount of pressure generated by the dosing solution pump. One or more heating elements 320 may be included in the external heater assembly 300 to vaporize the dosing solution. In some embodiments, the heating elements 320 can include a coiled resistance heating alloy wire (e.g., heating coils 320), however, this configuration is not limiting. The heating elements 320 of the external heater assembly 300 may be different sizes or arranged in different configurations to more evenly distribute the dosing solution vapor 172. Having multiple external heater assemblies 300 can be beneficial because it will avoid providing excessive heat to the flue and avoid degradation of the filter.

[0070] The external heater assembly 300 may include input and output valves for the dosing solution. This allows for a constant pressure for the dosing solution and a constant density of vapor 172 within the industrial filtration system. A controller (e.g., a component of control panel 800) may vary the pressure of the dosing solution if the vapor 172 becomes too dense or too thin. The controller may also adjust the heat depending on data received from temperature and gas sensors to reduce emissions efficiently. In some embodiments, there may be multiple external heater assemblies 300.

[0071] The illustrated embodiments include a heating element 320 that uses a coiled resistance heating wire, but other arrangements are possible, such as a planar, circular, or square heating element. The coiled resistance may be advantageous because it can provide relatively equal amounts of heat down the flow path of the dosing solution mist as it is converted into a vapor 172. in. DOSING

[0072] The industrial filtration system according to some embodiments comprise a dosing solution supply tank 100 to store a dosing solution. The dosing solution comprises a nitrogen portion and an aqueous portion. Dosing solutions according to some embodiments comprise 25- 35% w/v of the nitrogen portion and 65-75% w/v the aqueous portion, comprise 30-35% w/v of the nitrogen portion and 65-70% w/v the aqueous portion, or 30% w/v of the nitrogen portion and 70% w/v of the aqueous portion. The aqueous portion optionally comprises 3.0-4.0% w/v of a salt, such as sodium chloride. The saltwater concentration of the dosing solution varies based on the application. The dosing solution has higher salt concentrations for larger exhaust systems.

[0073] Preferably, the aqueous portion comprises 3.5% w/v of a salt. In preferred embodiments, the nitrogen portion comprises urea or ammonia. In one embodiment, the dosing solution comprises 30-35% w/v urea and 65-70% w/v demineralized water. When the dosing solution comprises urea, the dosing solution preferably comprises, for example, 30% w/v ammonia and 70% of an aqueous portion comprising 3.5% sodium chloride.

[0074] The dosing solution is stored in the dosing solution supply tank 100. The dosing solution supply tank 100 is fitted with an alert system X to monitor the amount of dosing solution in the dosing solution supply tank 100. When the amount of dosing solution in the dosing solution supply tank 100 is low, the alert system X alerts the user to add more dosing solution to the dosing solution supply tank 100. The dosing solution supply tank 100 stores from 1,000 to 5,000 gallons of dosing solution. In exemplary embodiments, the dosing solution supply tank 100 stores 1,000, 2,000 or 5,000 gallons of dosing solution.

[0075] The dosing solution supply tank 100 may include a mixer 106 to mix the dosing solution. In preferred embodiments, the means for mixing the dosing solution is a rotation system to rotate the tank. The mixing prevents separation of the nitrogen portion from the aqueous portion of the dosing solution. The dosing solution supply tank 100 can mix the dosing solution periodically. For example, the dosing solution is mixed for 5 to 10 minutes in l-to-5-hour intervals. In preferred embodiments, the dosing solution supply tank 100 mixes the dosing solution for 10 minutes every 1 hour. Meaning the dosing solution is mixed for 10 minutes and not mixed for 50 minutes. The dosing solution can also be mixed at longer intervals of 3 hours or 5 hours to prevent separation of the nitrogen portion from the aqueous portion of the dosing solution. The frequency of mixing is based on the salt concentration of the dosing solution.

[0076] The dosing solution supply tank 100 is supplied with at least one heater to maintain the temperature of the dosing solution inside the supply tank 100 at a predetermined temperature. The tank heater maintains the dosing solution at a constant temperature inside the dosing solution supply tank 100. The temperature of the dosing solution supply tank 100 is maintained above the freezing point of the dosing solution. The dosing solution supply tank 100 may also include a level indicator 105 connected to the control panel 800, such that the control panel can generate a warning if the dosing agent in the dosing solution supply tank 100 drops below a predetermined level.

[0077] Dosing tubing 600 is connected to the dosing solution supply tank 100. The dosing solution leaves the dosing solution supply tank 100 via dosing tubing 600 to the flue. The dosing tubing 600 is fitted with pressure sensors 620 to maintain the pressure of the dosing solution as it travels through the dosing tubing. The temperature and pressure are kept constant to keep the dosing solution in the liquid state. In exemplary embodiments, the dosing solution travels from the flue to the dosing supply tank. Pressure valves 640 maintain the pressure and flow direction of the dosing solution in the dosing tubing 600. For example, when the pressure is below 60 psi, the dosing solution flows from the flue to the dosing solution supply tank 100. The dosing solution directionally flows from the dosing supply tank to the flue when the pressure is from 60 psi to 120 psi, 70 psi to 110 psi, 80 psi to 100 psi, 90 psi to 100 psi or 95 psi to 100 psi. Optionally, the doing solution pump 650 automatically shuts off, such as by using an automatic shutoff system, when the pressure in the dosing tubing 600 is below a predetermined level, such as 60 psi. The dosing solution pump 650 may be configured to pump dosing solution at a predetermined flow rate or pressure.

[0078] The dosing tubing 600 is connected to at least one injector 500 that is part of or coupled to the external heater assembly 300, as described further in FIG. 9. The dosing solution is then heated by the external heater assembly 300. The external heater assembly 300converts the heated dosing solution from a liquid state to vapor 172 by heating the dosing solution to 400 to 800 °C, 450 to 800 °C, 500 to 700 °C, or 600 to 650 °C. The external heater assembly 300 is also coupled to a return tubing (not illustrated). The return tubing (not illustrated) can be fitted with at least one pressure valve 640. If the pressure of the dosing solution is below 60 psi, the dosing solution travels through a return to the dosing tubing 600 back to the dosing solution supply tank 100.

[0079] The dosing solution enters the flue in the vapor state. The SCR filter 154 aids in removing pollutants, such as SO2 and NOx. The dosing solution is capable of continuously reducing NOx emissions, even in an oxygen rich environment. The dosing solution use gaseous ammonia and/or urea as the active NOx reducing agent. The heat in the dosing solution gas causes the dosing solution to decompose into ammonia and hydro-cyanic acid (HNCO). These decomposition products enter the SCR filter 154 where the gas phase ammonia is adsorbed, and the cyanic acid is further decomposed on the SCR to gas phase ammonia. The adsorbed ammonia then takes part in the reduction of gas phase NOx.

[0080] The urea solution atomizes and dissolves as ammonia and carbon dioxide at high temperatures. The reactions are described below.

(NH₂)₂CO₂ HNCO + NH₃

HNCO + H₂O - NH₃ + CO₂.

The gaseous ammonia reacts with NOx to produce nitrogen and water as shown below.

4NH₃ + 4NO + O₂ 4N₂ + 6H₂O

8NH₃ + 6NO₂ 7N₂ + 12H₂O

4NH₃ + 2NO₂ + O₂ 3N₂ + 6H₂O.

[0081] The SCR filter 154 is optionally equipped with an active metal site for the NOx reduction process. The active metal can be, for example, any metal catalyst. Metals catalysts compatible with the SCR filter 154 according to some embodiments include titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, tin, manganese, copper, and their oxides. The compatible oxides include V₂Os, MoO₃, WO₃, Fe₂O₃, CuSO4, VOSO4, SnO₂, Mn₂O₃, Mn₃O4, and TiO₂. The catalyst is selected based on the temperature of the SCR filter 154. The SCR filter 154 causes oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SiO₂) to sulfur trioxide (SiO₃). The resulting gas continues upstream in the flue housing 260 and through heater unit 155 and particulate filter 251.

[0082] The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 further includes a heater unit 155, and combined oxidation and particulate filter 252 (or diesel particulate filter (DPF)) and SCR filter 254, which can be the same as 152 and 154. Some embodiments can allow the flue housing 260 to include openings to remove the various filters and other components for cleaning, repair, or replacement. The control panel 800 can detect that emission results are changing by, for example, detecting higher levels of pollution at gas sensor 400, and diagnose that one or more of the components needs cleaning or replacement.

[0083] The flue housing 260 is fitted with the magnet unit 160. The magnet unit 160 is optionally insulated from the flue 270 to prevent overheating of the magnet unit 160. In some configurations, at least one magnet unit (e.g., in a configuration with multiple magnet units) is positioned outside the flue 270. The magnet unit 160, separates the particulates in the flue chamber, and they are filtered from the exhaust gas by the at least one particulate filter 251 . In a preferred embodiment, the particulate filter 251 is a ceramic filter. Optionally, the flue comprises a first heater unit 150, an insulated magnetic plate on top of the heater, a gas chamber inside the flue positioned above the insulated magnet unit 160, a second insulated magnet on top of the gas chamber, and a second heater on top of the second insulated magnet. The flue is optionally fitted with a particulate filter 251. The particulate levels are measured and monitored by the control panel 800 and displayed by the control panel computer and display interface 810.

[0084] The flue 270 may further comprise one or more heat sensors 450 and gas composition sensor 400, which are coupled to the control panel 800. The control panel 800 may monitor the information received from the sensors and adjust the amount of heat placed into them by the system to ensure efficient emission control. Having more sensors can increase the complexity of the system but can allow for more efficient control.

[0085] FIG. 7 illustrates a system diagram of a computing device that may be integrated or otherwise associated with controlling embodiments comprising a system of elements for controlling reduction of pollution. The computing device 1100 may be integrated with or associated with a various system components described herein. As shown in FIG. 7, the physical components (e.g., hardware) of the computing are illustrated and these physical components may be used to practice the various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0086] The computing device 1100 may include at least one processing unit 1110 and a system memory 1120. The system memory 1120 may include, but is not limited to, volatile storage (e.g., random access memory), non-volatile storage (e.g., read-only memory), flash memory, or any combination of such memories. The system memory 1120 may also include an operating system 1130 that controls the operation of the computing device 1100 and one or more program modules 1140. The program modules 1140 may be responsible for gathering or determining expected pollution, operating conditions, and the like. The system memory 1120 may also store and/or monitoring software 1150 to monitory the pollution control system, as described herein. Several different program modules and data files may be stored in the system memory 1120, including operating state information. While executing on the processing unit 1110, the program modules 1140 may perform the various processes described above.

[0087] The computing device 1100 may also have additional features or functionality. For example, the computing device 1 100 may include additional data storage devices (e.g., removable and/or non-removable storage devices) such as, for example, magnetic disks, optical disks, or tape. These additional storage devices are labeled as a removable storage 1160 and a non-removable storage 1170.

[0088] Embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced with one or more processors comprising discrete electronic elements, packaged or integrated electronic chips containing logic gates, a circuit utilizing a microprocessor, or on a single chip containing electronic elements or microprocessors. For example, examples of the disclosure may be practiced via a system-on-a- chip (SOC) where each or many of the components illustrated in FIG. 7 may be integrated onto a single integrated circuit. Such a SOC device may include one or more processing units, graphics units, communications units, system virtualization units and various application functionality all of which are integrated (or “burned”) onto the chip substrate as a single integrated circuit.

[0089] When operating via a SOC, the functionality, described herein, may be operated via application-specific logic integrated with other components of the computing device 1100 on the single integrated circuit (chip). The disclosure may also be practiced using other technologies capable of performing logical operations such as, for example, AND, OR, and NOT, including but not limited to mechanical, optical, fluidic, and quantum technologies. In addition, examples of the disclosure may be practiced using a computing device associated with or integrated with the flue system and/or in any other circuits or systems.

[0090] The computing device 1100 may include one or more communication systems 1180 that control if inputs and outputs of the pollution control system, other computing devices 1195, a network service and the like. Examples of communication systems 1180 include, but are not limited to, wireless communications, wired communications, cellular communications, radio frequency (RF) transmitter, receiver, and/or transceiver circuitry, a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), parallel, serial ports, etc.

[0091] The computing device 1100 may also have one or more input devices and/or one or more output devices shown as input/output devices 1185. These input/output devices 1185 may include a keyboard, buttons, switches, a sound or voice input device, haptic devices, a touch, force and/or swipe input device, a display, speakers, etc. The devices are examples and others may be used.

[0092] The computing device 1100 may also include one or more sensors as input devices 1185. The sensors may be used to detect or otherwise provide information about the operating condition of the computing device 1100. In other examples, the sensors may provide information about whether the pollution control system is operating correctly and/or is being used correctly via Diagnostics Trouble Code DTCs (e.g., sensors sending signals to the CAN-bus indicating whether pollution levels are within specified requirements). As discussed previously, the sensors can include gas, pressure, and temperatures sensors.

[0093] The term computer-readable media as used herein may include computer storage media. Computer storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and nonremovable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, or program modules.

[0094] The system memory 1120, the removable storage 1160, and the non-removable storage 1170 are all computer storage media examples (e.g., memory storage). Computer storage media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other article of manufacture which can be used to store information, and which can be accessed by the computing device 1100. Any such computer storage media may be part of the computing device 1100. Computer storage media does not include a carrier wave or other propagated or modulated data signal. [0095] Communication media may be embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” may describe a signal that has one or more characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media may include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared, and other wireless media.

[0096] FIG. 8 illustrates a third perspective view of the horizontal configuration illustrated in FIGS. 5-6 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated by FIG. 8, the flue system 505 includes the pump 650, the external heater assembly 300, flue 802, control panel 800 and control panel computer and display interface 810. Each of these components of the flue system 505 are similar to as described above.

[0097] FIG. 9 illustrates a cutaway perspective of an external heater assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated by FIG. 9, the external heater assembly 300 includes the dosing solution injector 500, heating elements 320, the extending blade 312, the divider 310, and the heater housing 330. The housing can be used to contain the dosing solution and heat used to convert the dosing solution/agent into a vapor before being distributed into the SCR reaction chamber by divider 310. Converting the dosing solution/agent into a vapor can prevent cracking and burning of the SRC and other components. A portion of one or more of the heating elements 320 may be placed partially into the flue housing 260 depending on whether that aids in creating a generally consistent vapor level within the SCR reaction chamber. The coils can be arranged in different orientations, angles and distances inside of the flue housing 260 to generate a relatively uniform vapor mist. Furthermore, some embodiments can include placing the external heater completely inside the flue housing 260. Each of these components are similar to as described above.

[0098] Benefits of the discloses system can result in a much greater reduction of harmful gasses and particulates compared to conventional technologies. Embodiments may also reduce or eliminate the need for tall smokestacks or flues because the emissions will be much less dangerous to life. [0099] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like arc to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variant thereof means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling or connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, refer to this application as a whole and not to any portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or,” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

[00100] Several implementations of the disclosed technology are described above in reference to the figures. The computing devices on which the described technology may be implemented can include one or more central processing units, memory, input devices (e.g., keyboards and pointing devices), output devices (e.g., display devices), storage devices (e.g., disk drives), and network devices (e.g., network interfaces). The memory and storage devices are computer- readable storage media that can store instructions that implement at least portions of the described technology. In addition, the data structures and message structures can be stored or transmitted via a data transmission medium, such as a signal on a communications link. Various communications links can be used, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or a point-to-point dial-up connection. Thus, computer-readable media can comprise computer-readable storage media (e.g., “non-transitory” media) and computer-readable transmission media.

[00101] As used herein, being above a threshold means that a value for an item under comparison is above a specified other value, that an item under comparison is among a certain specified number of items with the largest value, or that an item under comparison has a value within a specified top percentage value. As used herein, being below a threshold means that a value for an item under comparison is below a specified other value, that an item under comparison is among a certain specified number of items with the smallest value, or that an item under comparison has a value within a specified bottom percentage value. As used herein, being within a threshold means that a value for an item under comparison is between two specified other values, that an item under comparison is among a middle specified number of items, or that an item under comparison has a value within a middle specified percentage range.

[00102] As used herein, the word “or” refers to any possible permutation of a set of items. For example, the phrase “A, B, or C” refers to at least one of A, B, C, or any combination thereof, such as any of: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C; or multiple of any item, such as A and A; B, B, and C; A, A, B, C, and C; etc.

[00103] The above Detailed Description of examples of the technology is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology to the precise form disclosed above. While specific examples for the technology are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the technology. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative implementations may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified to provide alternative or subcombinations. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed or implemented in parallel or may be performed at different times. Further, any specific numbers noted herein arc only examples: alternative implementations may employ differing values or ranges.

[00104] The teachings of the technology provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements and acts of the various examples described above can be combined to provide further implementations of the technology. Some alternative implementations of the technology may include not only additional elements to those implementations noted above, but also may include fewer elements.

[00105] The description and illustration of one or more aspects provided in this application are not intended to limit or restrict the scope of the disclosure as claimed in any way. The aspects, examples, and details provided in this application are considered sufficient to convey possession and enable others to make and use the best mode of claimed disclosure. The claimed disclosure should not be construed as being limited to any aspect, example, or detail provided in this application. Regardless of whether shown and described in combination or separately, the various features (both structural and methodological) are intended to be selectively rearranged, included or omitted to produce an embodiment with a particular set of features. Having been provided with the description and illustration of the present application, one skilled in the ail may envision variations, modifications, and alternate aspects falling within the spirit of the broader aspects of the general inventive concept embodied in this application that do not depart from the broader scope of the claimed disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS I claim:

1. A flue comprising: one or more external heater assemblies arranged at least partially outside the flue and configured to vaporize a dosing solution, each of the external heater assemblies comprising: a housing, an interface configured to connect the housing to the flue, one or more heating elements arranged inside the housing, and one or more dosing solution injectors configured to generate a mist adjacent to the one or more heating elements, wherein the heating elements are configured to generate heat to vaporize the mist into a vapor; a divider to distribute the vapor within the flue; one or more filters arranged in the flue downstream from the one or more external heater assemblies; one or more magnets arranged adjacent to at least one of the one or more filters; one or more internal heaters arranged inside the flue adjacent to at least one of the one or more filters; and a controller configured to control a first voltage applied to the one or more external heater assemblies, a second voltage to the one or more internal heaters, and a pressure applied to the dosing solution to the one or more dosing solution injectors.

2. The flue of claim 1 further comprising one or more blowers to increase a rate of flow of emissions through the flue.

3. The flue of claim 1 further comprising one or more gas sensors coupled to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to vary inputs to a single flue in response to data received from the one or more gas sensors.

4. The flue of claim 1 wherein the external heater assemblies further comprise a pressure sensor configured to detect a dosing solution fluid pressure at the one or more dosing solution injectors.

5. The flue of claim 1 wherein the external heater assemblies further comprise a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature inside the housing.

6. The flue of claim 1, wherein at least one of the heating elements is arranged in a spiral surrounding a direction in which the mist flows.

7. The flue of claim 1 wherein the external heater assemblies further comprise an overflow valve configured to return dosing solution to a pump when there is an overload in the pressure, the pump coupled to a dosing supply tank.

8. The flue of claim 1 further comprising a communications interface configured to communicate sensor data to the controller.

9. The flue of claim 1 wherein the external heater assemblies further comprise one or more solenoids to control pressure of the one or more dosing solution in the injectors.

10. The flue of claim 1, wherein the one or more internal heaters comprise: a ribbon-shaped filament made of a current conducting material; the ribbon-shaped filament being bent in a serpentine structure; a porous wall within which the ribbon-shaped filament is supported; and an electric terminal via which current can be applied to the ribbon- shaped filament.

11. The flue of claim 10, wherein the ribbon-shaped filament has a major surface oriented perpendicular to a plane of the serpentine structure.

12. The flue of claim 10, further comprising a bracket on which the one or more internal heaters is supported.

13. The flue of claim 12, comprising two internal heaters supported on opposite sides of the bracket.

14. A flue system comprising: a flue; at least one selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector coupled to the flue; at least one heater coupled to the flue; at least one particulate filter inside the flue; at least one SCR filter inside the flue; at least one magnet unit coupled to the flue and providing a magnetic field within the flue; at least one temperature sensor coupled to the flue; and at least one gas composition sensor coupled to the flue.

15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the magnetic field is effective to disrupt, slow down, or both disrupt and slow down flue gas flowing through the flue.

16. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit is positioned at an outside of the flue.

17. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit is insulated from the flue.

18. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit comprises an electromagnet.

19. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit comprises a permanent magnet.

20. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit comprises a plurality of magnet units positioned along a longitudinal axis of the flue, each magnet providing a respective magnetic field within the flue.

21 . The flue system of claim 14 further comprising a pump coupled to a dosing supply tank, wherein the pump is configured to pump dosing solution to one or more injectors adjacent to the at least one heater.

22. The flue system of claim 21 further comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory contains instructions for the processor to perform steps comprising: detecting a temperature inside the flue; and automatically adjusting the temperature inside the flue based on the detected temperature detected inside the flue by controlling voltage to one or more heaters.

23. The flue system of claim 22 further comprising a pressure sensor configured to detect a pressure inside of a dosing tube between the pump and the one or more injectors.

24. The flue system of claim 23, wherein the memory further comprises instruction for the processor to perform steps comprising: adjusting pressure output by the pump in response to detecting the pressure inside the dosing tube.

25. The flue system of claim 23 further comprising a plurality of heaters.

26. The flue system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of heaters are arranged at different offsets relative to the flue to distribute dosing solution vapor more evenly.

27. The flue system of claim 25, wherein the at least one SCR agent injector is further coupled to one of the plurality of heaters and configured to inject agent adjacent to the heater.

28. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for mixing a dosing solution vapor with an exhaust gas comprising: a heater to heat dosing solution, wherein the dosing solution comprises a nitrogen portion and an aqueous portion; a first inlet to direct the heated dosing solution to a SCR reaction chamber; a second inlet for introducing the exhaust gas into the SCR reaction chamber, wherein the dosing solution undergoes a NOx reduction in the SCR reaction chamber to produce oxidized particulates; at least one magnet arranged adjacent to the SCR reaction chamber; at least one SO2 honeycomb, at least one NOx particulate, and at least one particulate filter arranged within the SCR reaction chamber, wherein the oxidized particulates are removed from the SCR reaction chamber by the at least one magnet and the at least one SO2 honeycomb, the at least one NOx particulate, and the at least one particulate filter; and a controller coupled to the heater to control an amount of heat applied to the dosing solution to generate the dosing solution vapor.

29. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the at least one magnet is insulated.

30. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the SCR reaction chamber further comprises at least one heater.

31. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the SCR reaction chamber is between a first magnet and a second magnet.

32. The SCR system of claim 31, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are insulated.

33. The SCR system of claim 31, wherein the first magnet is coupled to a first heater adjacent to the SCR reaction chamber; and the second magnet is coupled to a second heater on a side of the SCR reaction chamber that is opposite the first heater.

34. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the nitrogen portion of the dosing solution comprises urea or ammonia.

35. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the aqueous portion of the dosing solution comprises 3.0-4.0% w/v of a salt.

36. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the dosing solution comprises 30% w/v of the nitrogen portion and 70% w/v of the aqueous portion.

37. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the nitrogen portion of the dosing solution comprises urea or ammonia, wherein the aqueous portion of the dosing solution comprises 3.0- 4.0% w/v of a salt, and wherein the dosing solution comprises 30% w/v of the nitrogen portion and 70% w/v of the aqueous portion.

38. The SCR system of claim 37, wherein the aqueous portion comprises 3.5% w/v of the salt.

39. The SCR system of claim 28, further comprising a dosing solution supply tank to direct the dosing solution to the SCR reaction chamber.

40. The SCR system of claim 39, wherein the dosing solution supply tank further comprises dosing tubing, the dosing tube is equipped with at least one pressure sensor and is connected to at least one pump to detect a pressure in the dosing tubing.

41. The SCR system of claim 40, wherein the pressure in the dosing tubing is at least 60 psi.

42. The SCR system of claim 40, wherein the at least one pump comprises an automatic shutoff system when the pressure in the dosing tubing is below a predetermined level.

43. The SCR system of claim 40, wherein the dosing solution supply tank comprises a mixer to mix the dosing solution.

44. The SCR system of claim 28 further comprising a controller coupled to the heater to control the amount of heat applied to the dosing solution to generate the dosing solution vapor.