WO2024129800A2

WO2024129800A2 - Electrospray systems for endoscopes

Info

Publication number: WO2024129800A2
Application number: PCT/US2023/083735
Authority: WO
Inventors: James T. Spivey; Samantha Weber; Alison BICK
Original assignee: Johnson & Johnson Enterprise Innovation Inc.
Priority date: 2022-12-13
Filing date: 2023-12-13
Publication date: 2024-06-20

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to electrospray systems for endoscopes and methods of using such electrospray systems. Specifically, the electrospray systems disclosed herein can utilize the flexibility of an endoscope to deliver an active pharmaceutical ingredient directly into target tissue in a patient via electrospray. In addition, the electrospray systems can include at least one electrode external to the endoscope.

Description

Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 ELECTROSPRAY SYSTEMS FOR ENDOSCOPES CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.63/387,272 filed on December 13, 2022, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. FIELD [0002] This disclosure relates generally to electrospray systems for endoscopes and methods of using such electrospray systems. More specifically, this disclosure relates to electrospray systems with at least one electrode external to the endoscope and methods of using such electrospray systems. BACKGROUND [0003] Delivering drugs and genes into living cells has become a popular approach to treating a wide variety of diseases such as cancers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, etc. However, these drug and gene delivery approaches often have trouble targeting specific tissue as many of these diseases can affect hard-to-reach areas of the body, may require invasive surgery, and/or have the potential to damage or even destroy the tissue they are trying to treat. SUMMARY [0004] Described herein are electrospray systems, devices, and methods for use in procedures utilizing an endoscope. The electrospray systems disclosed herein can utilize the flexibility of an endoscope to deliver an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (e.g., a drug or gene therapy substance) directly into the target tissue in the patient via electrospray. Since the electrospray systems disclosed herein utilize a local delivery method, these systems can directly provide site- specific treatment. In addition, these treatments can be applied via minimally invasive surgery by utilizing the endoscope. In some embodiments, these treatments can be applied robotically. [0005] In some embodiments, an electrospray system can include a tubular device having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device; and an electrospray device connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, the electrospray device comprising: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet; and at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the 1 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 electrospray device is configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the spray axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0006] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and the at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. In some embodiments, the spray axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0007] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis 2 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0008] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode and at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is configured to move independent of the tubular device; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0009] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; a plurality of second electrodes connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the plurality of second electrodes are counter electrodes to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the plurality of second electrodes along a spray axis. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. In some embodiments, the spray axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 3 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0010] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; a working channel having a distal end and a proximal end and connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the working channel comprises: at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode and at least a portion of the second electrode extends out the distal end of the working channel; wherein the first electrode and the at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. In some embodiments, the spray axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the second electrode is in the working channel. In some embodiments, the distal end of the working channel has a longitudinal axis extending from working channel and at least a portion of the at least one second electrode extends out the distal end of the working channel along its longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0011] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device; a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet connected to a first exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device; at least one second electrode connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some 4 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 embodiments, the at least one second electrode is connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device opposite the first exterior portion. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0012] In some embodiments, an electrospray system includes a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device; a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet connected to a first exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device; at least one second electrode connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; a cap covering a portion of the distal end of the tubular device, a portion of the first electrode having the fluid outlet, and a portion of the at least one second electrode, wherein the cap comprises an opening having an opening axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis through the opening of the cap. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode terminates at the opening of the cap. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode terminates in a spherical shape. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode is connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device opposite the first exterior portion. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device is an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. [0013] In some embodiments, a method of treating a disease includes using any of the above electrospray systems. [0014] In some embodiments, a method for delivering a fluid into a target includes navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis 5 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises an electrospray device connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, the electrospray device comprising: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet; and at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the electrospray device is configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device; moving the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; and generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along the spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. In some embodiments, the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. In some embodiments, the target is a tissue. In some embodiments, a method for delivering fluid into a target includes navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises an at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device and the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to a first electrode; inserting a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet in the tubular device such that at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; moving the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; and generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along a spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. In some embodiments, the method includes articulating the distal end of the tubular device such that the fluid outlet of the first electrode is facing the target. In some embodiments, the method includes articulating a distal end of the at least one second electrode such that a contact area of the at least one second electrode is facing the target. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes. In some embodiments, the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. In some embodiments, the target is a tissue. [0015] In some embodiments, a method for delivering a fluid into a target includes navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis 6 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises a first working channel and a second working channel; inserting a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet in the first working channel of the tubular device such that at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; inserting at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode in the second working channel of the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis and contacts the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; and generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along a spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. In some embodiments, the second working channel is connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the method includes articulating the distal end of the tubular device such that the fluid outlet of the first electrode is facing the target. In some embodiments, the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. In some embodiments, the target is a tissue. [0016] In some embodiments, a method for delivering a fluid into a target includes navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet and connected to a first exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device and at least one second electrode connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; moving the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; and generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along a spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. In some embodiments, the tubular device comprises a cap covering a portion of the distal end of the tubular device, a portion of the first electrode having the fluid outlet, and a portion of the at least one second electrode, wherein the cap comprises an opening and fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along the spray axis through the opening of the cap. In some embodiments, the method includes articulating a distal end of the at least one second electrode such that a contact area of the at least one second electrode is facing the target. In some 7 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 embodiments, the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. In some embodiments, the target is a tissue. [0017] It will be appreciated that any of the variations, aspects, features and options described in view of the electrospray systems or configurations apply equally to the systems, methods, other devices/configurations, and vice versa. It will also be clear that any one or more of the above variations, aspects, features and options can be combined. [0018] Additional advantages will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The aspects and descriptions herein are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. [0019] All publications, including patent documents, scientific articles and databases, referred to in this application are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual publication were individually incorporated by reference. If a definition set forth herein is contrary to or otherwise inconsistent with a definition set forth in the patents, applications, published applications and other publications that are herein incorporated by reference, the definition set forth herein prevails over the definition that is incorporated herein by reference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0020] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [0021] FIG.1 illustrates an example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0022] FIG.2A illustrates a second example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0023] FIG.2B illustrates articulating the tubular device of FIG.2A in the desired spray direction in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0024] FIG.3A illustrates a third example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0025] FIG.3B illustrates the system of FIG.3A during spraying in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. 8 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 [0026] FIG.4A illustrates a fourth example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0027] FIG.4B illustrates articulating the second electrode of FIG.4A in the desired spray direction in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0028] FIG.5A illustrates a fifth example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0029] FIG.5B illustrates articulating the tubular device of FIG.5A in the desired spray direction in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0030] FIG.6A illustrates a sixth example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0031] FIG.6B illustrates articulating the tubular device of FIG.6A in the desired spray direction in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0032] FIG.7A illustrates a seventh example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0033] FIG.7B illustrates the system of FIG.7A during spraying in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0034] FIG.8A illustrates an eighth example of a schematic of an electrospray system in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0035] FIG.8B illustrates the system of FIG.8A during spraying in accordance with some embodiments disclosed herein. [0036] In the Figures, like reference numbers correspond to like components of the systems unless otherwise stated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0037] Reference will now be made in detail to implementations and embodiments of various aspects and variations of electrospray devices, systems, and methods described herein. Although several exemplary variations of the devices, systems, and methods are described herein, other variations of the devices, systems, and methods may include aspects of the devices, systems, and methods described herein combined in any suitable manner having combinations of all or some of the aspects described. 9 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 [0038] Described herein are electrospray systems capable of delivering an API (e.g., a drug or gene therapy substance) directly into the target tissue in the patient. As explained in Chapter 1 (Electrohydrodynamic Microencapsulation Technology) by Anatol Jaworek of Encapsulations Volume 2: Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry edited by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu (which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), electrospraying is a process in which fluid flowing from an outlet (e.g., a capillary nozzle) can be subjected to electrical forces due to a strong electric field generated nearby the outlet, usually by imposing a high electric potential. Driven by the electric field, the electric charge carriers can move within the fluid and distribute under the fluid surface of the meniscus. The electric forces can cause deformation of the natural spherical meniscus to form a conical shape 6 (i.e., a Taylor cone) shown in FIGS.1-8B. In some embodiments, the axis of this conical shape or cone can be the spray axis S. This conical shape or cone can result as an effect of equilibrium of surface tension, and electrical and gravitational forces. When the electric charge accumulated at the apex of this conical shape or cone generates an electric field sufficiently high to produce electrodynamic pressure that overcomes the fluid surface tension, a thin fluid jet can emerge from the apex, which can remove the excess charge. This electrically charged jet can be accelerated by an electric field and can disrupt into droplets at its free end due to electrical repulsion of charges placed at its surface. The process of droplets production can be a pulsating or continuous one, depending on fluid physical properties, fluid flow rate, and the magnitude and polarity of high potential imposed to the outlet or nozzle. Droplets’ sizes can be smaller than those available from conventional mechanical atomizers, and can be smaller than 1 μm. In some embodiments, Droplets can be electrically charged to a higher magnitude that causes their self-dispersion in the space and lack of droplet agglomeration and coagulation. The motion of charged droplets can be controlled (including deflection or focusing) by electric field that allows increasing deposition efficiency on, at, or into a target. [0039] The systems disclosed herein can be designed to dispense charged droplets of a fluid (e.g., an API fluid) towards a target (e.g., organ(s), tissue(s), cell(s), etc. of a patient) along a spray axis to deliver the fluid to the target. In some embodiments, for example, when the target is living cells of a patient, the cell membrane defenses may be overcome by the impact of the fluid to the cells such that the fluid can enter the cells without damaging or destroying the cells. [0040] In some embodiments, the fluids utilized in the electrospray systems disclosed herein can include an API. In some embodiments, the API can be a chemotherapeutic drug, a cytokine, an 10 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 antibody, a gene therapy drug, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the electrospray systems disclosed herein can be used to treat a plurality of diseases and conditions. These diseases and conditions can include, but are not limited to, cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, drug resistance, etc. These diseases and conditions can affect a wide variety of organs, tissues, and cells. In some embodiments, the target can be an organ, tissue, or cell containing a tumor. [0041] FIGS.1-8B illustrate examples of various embodiments of electrospray systems disclosed herein. The disclosure is not intended to be limited to these exemplary systems, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. In addition, any and/or all of the features or configurations of any of the examples shown in FIGS.1-8B can be combined in any suitable manner with any and/or all features or configurations of any other example shown in FIGS.1-8B. [0042] FIG.1 illustrates an example of a schematic of an electrospray system with electrospray device 10 connected to tubular device 1. In some embodiments, the electrospray device can be removeably connected to the tubular device. In some embodiments, the electrospray device can be connected to the tubular device via any retaining mechanism such as adhesives, screws, threaded inserts, and variety of others. The tubular device can have a distal end and a proximal end. In some embodiments, the tubular device can be a medical scope such as an endoscope. In some embodiments, the endoscope can be a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope, among others. The tubular device can be used by an operator (e.g., a medical professional such as a surgeon) to navigate a distal end of the tubular device to a target (e.g., organ(s), tissue(s), cell(s), etc.) in a patient. For example, a surgeon can navigate the distal end of a bronchoscope to the distal lung when treating patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The distal end of the tubular device can have a longitudinal axis L extending from the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, this longitudinal axis can extend from the end or face of the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the tubular device can include at least one working channel inside the tubular device. In some embodiments, the working channel can run the length of the tubular device. In some embodiments, a working channel can allow an operator of the tubular device to pass tools through the working channel such that they can be used at the distal end of the tubular device. For example, these tools 11 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 can include, but are not limited to, material retrieving tools (e.g., forceps, claws, magnets, hooks, etc.) suction tools, brushing tools, spraying tools, probing tools, cameras, etc. [0043] In some embodiments, the electrospray device can be connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device. In other words, the electrospray device may not be within the tubular device or within a working channel of the tubular device. Instead, the electrospray device can be on an outside surface of the distal end of the tubular device. The electrospray device can be configured to dispense fluid by an electrical field along a spray axis S. [0044] In some embodiments, the spray axis can be non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device. By having the spray axis non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device, a user may not be required to articulate or maneuver the end or face of the tubular device to be facing the target such that the longitudinal axis of the distal end of the tubular device is pointed at the target. Instead, the system can be flexible enough to dispense fluid on target areas where it may not be possible to align the longitudinal axis of the tubular device to be pointing at the target. [0045] In some embodiments, the spray axis can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, an angle between the spray axis and the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device can be about 1-179 degrees, about 10-170 degrees, about 15-165 degrees, about 30-150 degrees, about 45-135 degrees, about 60-120 degrees, about 75-105 degrees, about 80-100 degrees, about 85-95 degrees, or about 90 degrees. [0046] In addition, having the spray axis non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the distal end of the tubular device can allow the electrospray system to dispense fluid to cover more target areas as the tubular device is rotated. As such, the spray axis can extend radially from the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device. [0047] In some embodiments, the electrospray device can include housing 5 for housing various components of the electrospray device. For example, the electrospray device can include conduit 4 for storing, providing, receiving, and/or delivering fluid that is to be dispersed into the target along the spray axis. In some embodiments, the housing can house this conduit. In some embodiments, the conduit can be fluidly connected to a fluid source (e.g., a reservoir) (not shown). In some embodiments, the conduit can be fluidly connected to a fluid source via a pump such as a syringe pump. The pump can provide fluid to the conduit. 12 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 [0048] In some embodiments, the electrospray device can include first electrode 2. In some embodiments, the housing can house the first electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be tubular in shape. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a rolled up conductive layer. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a solid cylinder. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a hollow circular cylinder. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be designed to encompass the fluid in the conduit or to define the outlet of the conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can form the conduit or at least a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be made of a conducting material. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a conducting coating of the conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be coated with an electrically isolating material. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a conductive pipe. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include a needle. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include a charged needle (e.g., positively or negatively charged). In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a conductive pipe inserted in a needle. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be fluidly connected to the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can have a fluid outlet 11. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet can be a nozzle for supporting dispersing fluid. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet can include a needle. In some embodiments, the needle can be a charged needle (e.g., positively or negatively charged). In some embodiments, the first electrode can be arranged at an outlet of the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can surround an outlet of the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet for the conduit and the first electrode are one and the same. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be configured to electrify or charge the fluid at the outlet. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode can be a plurality of fluid outlets. [0049] In some embodiments, the electrospray device can include at least one second electrode 3. The at least one second electrode can be a counter electrode to the first electrode for dispersing fluid along the spray axis due to the electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the housing can hold the at least one second electrode. The at least one second electrode can be positioned nearby a target and can guide fluid acceleration towards the target, thereby providing high velocity for the impact and/or impregnation with the target. For example, a positively charged fluid from the first electrode can be accelerated towards a negatively charged second electrode by an electrical field along the spray axis. The polarity of 13 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 the first electrode and the at least one second electrodes disclosed herein can depend on the specific fluid to be dispersed. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a positive electrode and the at least one second electrode can be a negative electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a negative electrode and the at least one second electrode can be a positive electrode. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a grounding or ground electrode. In some embodiments, the electrospray device can be configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device. [0050] In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be tubular in shape. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a rolled up conductive layer. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a solid cylinder. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a hollow circular cylinder. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be made of a conducting material. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be coated with an electrically isolating material. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a conductive pipe. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can include at least one conductor (e.g. wire). [0051] In some embodiments, a distal end of the at least one second electrode can include an interface or contact area 3c for contacting the target (e.g., target organ(s), tissue(s), cell(s), etc. of the patient). In some embodiments, the contact area(s) can be spaced apart along the spray axis from the outlet of the conduit and/or first electrode. Spacing apart the fluid outlet of the first electrode and the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrode can provide a predefined working distance between the electrodes. In addition, this can also provide a predefined electrical field for electrospraying. [0052] In some embodiments, when the contact area is in contact with the target, the target itself can form part of the second electrode. In some embodiments, when the contact area of the at least one second electrode contacts the target, the target can have the same potential as the at least one second electrode. As such, the target can thereby form a part of the second electrode. [0053] In some embodiments, the housing can include spray chamber 7 extending along the spray axis from the fluid outlet of the first electrode to an opening 12, wherein the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrodes can be arranged. In some embodiments, the contact area(s) of the 14 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 at least one second electrode can circulate the opening of the spray chamber in an annular or circumferential manner. [0054] For generating the electrical potential difference for electrospraying applications, a voltage source can be electrically connected to the first electrode and/or to the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, a voltage source can be electrically connected via conductors (e.g., wires) extending from the voltage source to the first electrode and/or at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, multiple conductors may connect the at least one second electrode to the voltage source. In some embodiments, there may be more than one voltage source electrically connected to the first electrode and/or at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be electrically connected to a first voltage source and the at least one second electrode can be electrically connected to a second voltage source. In some embodiments, the voltage source can be configured to generate a high electrical potential difference (e.g., in the range of about 1 mV to 20 kV, about 1-20 kV, about 1-5 kV, or about 2-4.5 kV) between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode so as to accelerate fluid expelled from the fluid outlet towards a target. In some embodiments, the voltage source can operate in a continuous or in a pulsed mode. [0055] In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a ground or grounding electrode. As such, this can ensure the ground potential at the target (e.g., organ(s), tissue(s), cell(s) of a patient). As described above, electrospraying charged fluid can be accelerated into droplets due to the interaction with the electrical field generated between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode. These small droplets traveling at high velocities can pass through cell membranes into living cells (without damaging or destroying the cell). As such, an active pharmaceutical ingredient can be inserted into cells of a patient for a wide variety of therapies such as chemotherapy and gene therapy. [0056] For example, in some embodiments, utilizing the electrospray system of FIG.1 to treat a tumor in the lungs, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the electrospray device attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can move the tubular device such that the at least one second electrode (e.g., grounding electrodes) or a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area) are touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can start 15 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the at least one second electrode and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0057] In some embodiments, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be decoupled from one another such that they are not part of the same housing as shown in FIGS.2A- 8B. For example, FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate an example of a schematic of an electrospray system with at least one second electrode 3 connected to tubular device 1. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be removeably connected to the tubular device. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be connected to the tubular device via any retaining mechanism such as adhesives, screws, threaded inserts, and variety of others. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be connected to at least an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device. In other words, the at least one second electrode may not be within the tubular device or within a working channel of the tubular device. Instead, the at least one second electrode can be on an outside surface of at least the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be connected to the tubular device such that at least a portion of the distal end of the at least one second electrode extends past the distal end of the tubular device. [0058] The at least one second electrode can be a counter electrode to the first electrode for dispersing fluid along the spray axis due to the electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode. The at least one second electrode nearby a target can guide fluid acceleration towards the target, thereby providing high velocity for the impact and potential impregnation with the target. For example, a positively charged fluid from the first electrode can be accelerated towards a negatively charged second electrode by an electrical field along the spray axis. The polarity of the first electrode and the at least one second electrodes disclosed herein can depend on the specific fluid to be dispersed. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a positive electrode and the at least one second electrode can be a negative electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a negative electrode and the at least one second electrode 16 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 can be a positive electrode. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a grounding electrode. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be tubular in shape. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a rolled up conductive layer. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a solid cylinder. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a hollow circular cylinder. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be made of a conducting material. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be coated with an electrically isolating material. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a conductive pipe. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can include at least one conductor (e.g. wire). [0059] In some embodiments, a distal end of the at least one second electrode can include an interface or contact area 3c for contacting the target (e.g., target organ(s), tissue(s), cell(s), etc. of the patient). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the at least one second electrode can be fixed to the distal end of the tubular device such that the contact area is positioned to contact a target. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be fixed to the distal end of the tubular device such that the contact area(s) is spaced apart to define a direction parallel to the spray axis. In some embodiments, positioning the at least one second electrode (or the contact area of the second electrode(s)) can define the spray axis from the outlet of the conduit and/or first electrode. Spacing apart the fluid outlet of the first electrode and the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrode can provide a predefined working distance between the electrodes during operation. In addition, this can also provide a predefined electrical field for electrospraying. [0060] In some embodiments, when the contact area is in contact with the target, the target itself can form part of the second electrode. In some embodiments, when the contact area of the at least one second electrode contacts the target, the target can have the same potential as the at least one second electrode. As such, the target can thereby form a part of the second electrode. [0061] In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can include an electrode holder 3b. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can surround or wrap around at least a portion of the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be an insulating layer around the electrode. In some embodiments, the insulating layer can be rolled around the electrode. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be a collet for holding at least a portion 3a of the at least one second electrode 3. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can hold at 17 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 least a portion of a conductor of the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the contact area(s) 3c of the at least one second electrode can extend out the distal end of the electrode holder. In some embodiments, the contact area(s) of the at least one electrode can extend out the distal end of the electrode holder in a direction parallel to the spray axis. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be what connects the at least one second electrode to the exterior of the tubular device. [0062] In some embodiments, the tubular device can include at least one working channel inside the tubular device. In some embodiments, the working channel can run the length of the tubular device. In some embodiments, a working channel can allow an operator of the tubular device to pass tools through such that they can be used at the distal end of the tubular device. For example, these tools can include, but are not limited to, material retrieving tools (e.g., forceps, claws, magnets, hooks, etc.) suction tools, brushing tools, spraying tools, probing tools, cameras, etc. In some embodiments, the tubular device can include a first electrode (counter to the at least one second electrode). In some embodiments, the tubular device can include the first electrode within a working channel of the tubular device. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode can extend out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode can extend out the distal end of a working channel of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis. [0063] In some embodiments, the electrospray system shown in FIGS.2A-2B can be configured to dispense fluid by an electrical field along a spray axis S. In some embodiments, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be configured to dispense (e.g., spray) fluid from a fluid outlet 11 of the first electrode and/or conduit 4 towards the at least one second electrode along the spray axis. In some embodiments, the conduit of the first electrode can be for storing, providing, receiving, and/or delivering fluid that is to be dispersed into the target along the spray axis. In some embodiments, the conduit can be fluidly connected to a fluid source. In some embodiments, the conduit can be fluidly connected to a fluid source via a pump such as a syringe pump. The pump can provide fluid to the conduit. [0064] In some embodiments, the first electrode can be tubular in shape. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a solid cylinder. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be formed (at least in part) as a hollow circular cylinder. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be designed to encompass the fluid in the conduit or to define the outlet of 18 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 the conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can form the conduit or at least a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be made of a conducting material. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a conducting coating of the conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be coated with an electrically isolating material. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a conductive pipe. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include a needle. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include a positively or negatively charged needle. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be a conductive pipe inserted in a needle. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be fluidly connected to the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can have a fluid outlet 11. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be arranged at an outlet of the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the first electrode can surround an outlet of the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet for the conduit and the first electrode are one and the same. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be configured to electrify or charge the fluid at the outlet. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode can be a plurality of fluid outlets. [0065] In some embodiments, the first electrode can include an electrode holder 2b, as shown in FIGS.7A-8B. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can surround or wrap around at least a portion of the first electrode. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be a collet for holding at least a portion 2a of the first electrode 2. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can hold at least a portion of a conductor of the first electrode. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be an insulating layer around the electrode. In some embodiments, the insulating layer can be rolled around the electrode. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode (e.g., the distal end 2c (with fluid outlet) of the first electrode) can extend out the distal end of the electrode holder. In some embodiments, the portion of the first electrode extending out the distal end of the electrode holder can be in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be what connects the first electrode to the exterior of the tubular device as described further herein. [0066] For generating the electrical potential difference for electrospraying applications, a voltage source can be electrically connected to the first electrode and/or to the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, a voltage source can be electrically connected via conductors (e.g., wires) extending from the voltage source to the first electrode (or portion of first electrode e.g., portion extending out) and/or at least one second electrode (or portion of second electrode e.g., contact 19 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 area). In some embodiments, multiple conductors may connect the at least one second electrode to the voltage source. In some embodiments, there may be more than one voltage source electrically connected to the first electrode and/or at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be electrically connected to a first voltage source and the at least one second electrode can be electrically connected to a second voltage source. In some embodiments, the voltage source(s) can be configured to generate an electrical potential difference between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode so as to accelerate fluid towards a target. In some embodiments, the voltage source can operate in a continuous or in a pulsed mode. [0067] In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be a ground or grounding electrode. As such, this can ensure the ground potential at the target (e.g., organ(s), tissue(s), cell(s) of a patient). As described above, electrospraying charged fluid can be accelerated into droplets due to the interaction with the electrical field generated between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode. These small droplets traveling at high velocities can pass through cell membranes into living cells (without damaging or destroying the cell). As such, an active pharmaceutical ingredient can be inserted into cells of a patient for a wide variety of therapies such as chemotherapy and gene therapy. [0068] For example, utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS.2A-2B to treat a tumor in the lungs, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the at least one second electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can insert/load the first electrode (e.g., a positively charged needle) into the tubular device (e.g., a working channel of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can move the tubular device such that the at least one second electrode (e.g., grounding electrode) or a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area) are touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can articulate the tubular device (shown in FIG. 2B) such that the fluid outlet of the first electrode is facing the desired direction for spraying. In some embodiments, the operator can articulate the tubular device via pull wires, hinges, or other such typical mechanisms. In some embodiments, the articulating mechanisms may include one or more of the following: (1) the tubular device can have partial cuts along one side of the hollow shaft and a wire can be attached to the serrated side of the tubular device so when the wire is pulled tight the partial cuts compress and allow the uncut section to 20 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 bend in the direction of the compressed side; (2) instead of a tubular device with cuts, another configuration is a braided sheath with pull wires attached. When the pull wire is tightened it compresses the braided sheath and causes it to bend in the direction of the compressed side; (3) the electrode can be pre-bent and housed in a rigid tube when the electrode is advanced out the rigid tube it returns to its bent shape; (4) a hollow tubular device can have a hinge where a wire is attached to one side of that hinge. When the wire is pulled tight the hinge can be activated and bends (e.g., like an endemic device); and (5) linear action in the device handle can be translated into angle motion at the tip of the device like a rack-and-pinion design. The handle motion can activate the motion of the rack and pinion that causes the controlled degrees of articulation at the end of the distal end of the device. In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the at least one second electrode and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient or first remove the first electrode from the tubular device and then remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0069] FIGS.3A-3B illustrate another example of a schematic of an electrospray system with the first electrode decoupled from the at least one second electrode. As shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, in some embodiments, the fluid outlet of the first electrode can be configured such that the fluid outlet has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the first electrode such that fluid can be dispensed in a direction that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular device and the first electrode. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet can be a nozzle having an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the first electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include a charged needle with a hole in the side of the needle such that fluid can be dispensed in a direction that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular device and the first electrode. [0070] As such, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be configured to dispense fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode 21 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the first electrode. [0071] By having the spray axis non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device, a user may not be required to articulate or maneuver the end or face of the tubular device to be facing the target such that the longitudinal axis of the distal end of the tubular device is pointed at the target. Instead, the system can be flexible enough to dispense fluid on target areas where it may not be possible to align the longitudinal axis of the tubular device to be pointing at the target. In some embodiments, the spray axis can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, an angle between the spray axis and the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device can be about 1-179 degrees, about 10-170 degrees, about 15-165 degrees, about 30-150 degrees, about 45-135 degrees, about 60-120 degrees, about 75-105 degrees, about 80-100 degrees, about 85-95 degrees, or about 90 degrees. In addition, having the spray axis non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the distal end of the tubular device can allow the electrospray system to dispense fluid to cover more target areas as the tubular device or first electrode in a working channel of the tubular device is rotated. As such, the spray axis can extend radially from the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device. [0072] For example, utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS.3A-3B to treat a tumor in the lungs, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the at least one second electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can insert/load the first electrode (e.g., a positively charged needle) into the tubular device (e.g., a working channel of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can move the tubular device such that the at least one second electrode (e.g., grounding electrode) or a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area) is touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the at least one second electrode and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the fluid outlet can be pointed toward the tissue (i.e., the fluid outlet has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending 22 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 from the tubular device and the first electrode such that fluid can be dispensed in a direction that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis). In some embodiments, the fluid outlet can be lateral to or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the first electrode. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient or first remove the first electrode from the tubular device and then remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0073] FIGS.4A-4B illustrate an example similar to that shown in FIGS.3A-3B except a portion of the at least one second electrode can be configured to move independent of the tubular device. In other words, a distal portion of the at least one second electrode can be configured to move independent of the tubular device rather than being fixed to the tubular device. The moveable portion of the at least one second electrode can be configured to move by any movement mechanism typically employed by endoscope devices. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be configured such that the contact area(s) can be moved so as to define a direction of the spray axis. In some embodiments, moving, articulating, or positioning the at least one second electrode (or the contact area of the second electrode(s)) can define the spray axis from the outlet of the conduit and/or first electrode. Spacing apart the fluid outlet of the first electrode and the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrode can provide a working distance between the electrodes during operation. As such, an operator of such an electrospray system can articulate or move a portion of the second electrode to determine or control the desired spray direction. [0074] In some embodiments, a user can control the spray axis such that it can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, an angle between the spray axis and the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device can be about 1- 179 degrees, about 10-170 degrees, about 15-165 degrees, about 30-150 degrees, about 45-135 degrees, about 60-120 degrees, about 75-105 degrees, about 80-100 degrees, about 85-95 degrees, or about 90 degrees. In addition, having the spray axis be non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the distal end of the tubular device can allow the electrospray system to dispense fluid to cover more target areas as the tubular device or first electrode in a working channel of the tubular device is rotated. As such, the spray axis can extend radially from the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device. 23 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 [0075] For example, utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS.4A-4B to treat a tumor in the lungs, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the at least one second electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can articulate the at least one second electrode to a desired degree for its spray direction (e.g., 90 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can move the tubular device such that the at least one second electrode (e.g., grounding electrode) or a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area) is touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can load the first electrode (e.g., a positively charged needle) into the tubular device (e.g., a working channel of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the at least one second electrode and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient or first remove the first electrode from the tubular device and then remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0076] FIGS.5A-5B illustrate an example of a schematic of an electrospray system with a plurality of second electrodes 3 connected to tubular device 1. In some embodiments, the plurality of second electrodes can be symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the plurality of second electrodes can be equally spaced around the circumference of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the plurality of second electrodes can actually be a single second electrode surrounding or encompassing the tubular device. In some embodiments, the distal end of the plurality of second electrodes can include a plurality of interfaces or contact areas 3c for contacting the target. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the second electrodes can be fixed to the distal end of the tubular device such that the contact areas are positioned to contact a target. In some embodiments, the second electrodes can be fixed to the distal end of the tubular device such that the contact areas are spaced apart to define a direction parallel to the spray axis. In some embodiments, positioning the second electrodes (or the contact areas of the second 24 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 electrodes) can define the spray axis from the outlet of the conduit and/or first electrode. Spacing apart the fluid outlet of the first electrode and the contact areas of the second electrodes can provide a predefined working distance between the electrodes during operation. In addition, assuming constant electrical conditions, this can also provide a predefined electrical field for electrospraying. As such, the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes can be configured to dispense (e.g., spray) fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the plurality of second electrodes along a spray axis. In some embodiments, the spray axis can be parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In such an embodiment as that shown in FIGS.5A-5B, articulation of the tubular device can also control the direction for electrospraying. In other words, articulation of the tubular device also articulates the plurality of second electrodes. [0077] In some embodiments, the plurality of second electrodes can be connected to the tubular device such that at least a portion of the distal end of the second electrodes extend past the distal end of the tubular device. As such, in some embodiments, the tubular device (and first electrode) and plurality of second electrodes can form a spray chamber 7 extending along the spray axis from the fluid outlet of the first electrode to an opening 12, wherein the contact areas of the plurality of second electrodes can be arranged. In some embodiments, the contact areas of the plurality of second electrodes can circulate the opening of the spray chamber in an annular or circumferential manner. [0078] The configuration of FIGS. 5A-5B can also be applied if there was only one second electrode such that articulation of the tubular device can also articulate the second electrode. For example, such a configuration would resemble FIGS 5A-5B if one of the two second electrodes shown was removed. [0079] An example of utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS. 5A-5B to treat a tumor in the lungs, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the plurality of second electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can articulate the tubular device such that the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device is facing the desired direction for spraying. In some embodiments, the operator can move the tubular device such that the plurality of second electrodes (e.g., ground electrodes) or a portion of the plurality of second electrodes (e.g., contact area) are touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some 25 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 embodiments, the operator can load the first electrode (e.g., a positively charged needle) into the tubular device (e.g., a working channel of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the plurality of second electrodes and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient or first remove the first electrode from the tubular device and then remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0080] FIGS.6A-6B illustrate an example of a schematic of an electrospray system with at least one second electrode in at least one working channel 8 of the tubular device 1. The at least one working channel can have a distal end and a proximal end. In some embodiments, the at least one working channel can be connected to the tubular device. In some embodiments, the at least one working channel can be removeably connected to the tubular device. In some embodiments, the at least one working channel can be connected to the tubular device via any retaining mechanism such as adhesives, screws, threaded inserts, and variety of others. In some embodiments, the at least one working channel can be connected to at least an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device. In other words, the at least one working channel may not be within the tubular device or within a working channel of the tubular device. Instead, the at least one working channel can be on an outside surface of at least the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be configured to be inserted in the at least one working channel such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode can extend out the distal end of the at least one working channel. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be inserted in at least one working channel of the tubular device and at least one second electrode can be inserted in another(s) working channel of the tubular device. In other words, the working channel(s) for the second electrode does not need to be a working channel connected to the outside or external portion of the tubular device. [0081] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the at least one working channel can be fixed or moveable with respect to the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the amount/length of the at least one second electrode extending out the distal end of the at least one 26 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 working channel can be adjusted by the user such that the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrode are positioned to contact a target. In some embodiments, adjusting/positioning the at least one second electrode (or the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrode) extending from the at least one working channel can define the spray axis from the outlet of the conduit and/or first electrode. Spacing apart the fluid outlet of the first electrode and the contact area(s) of the at least one electrode can provide a working distance between the electrodes during operation. As such, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be configured to dispense (e.g., spray) fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the plurality of second electrodes along a spray axis. In some embodiments, the spray axis can be parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In such an embodiment as that shown in FIGS.6A-6B, articulation of the tubular device can also control the direction for electrospraying. In other words, articulation of the tubular device also articulates the at least one working channel with the at least one second electrode. [0082] An example of utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS. 6A-6B to treat a tumor in the lungs includes, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the at least one working channel attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can articulate the tubular device such that the longitudinal axis extending from the distal end of the tubular device is facing the desired direction for spraying. In some embodiments, an operator can load/insert at least one second electrode (e.g., ground electrode) in the at least one working channel. In some embodiments, the operator can adjust the amount/length of the at least one second electrode coming out of the at least one working channel until a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area(s)) are touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can load the first electrode (e.g., a positively charged needle) into the tubular device (e.g., a working channel of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the at least one second electrode and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the 27 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 operator can remove the tubular device from the patient or first remove the first electrode from the tubular device (or first remove the at least one second electrode from the at least one working channel) and then remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0083] In some embodiments, the first electrode can be connected to the tubular device such as that shown in FIGS. 7A-8B. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be removeably connected to the tubular device. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be connected to the tubular device via any retaining mechanism such as adhesives, screws, threaded inserts, and variety of others. In some embodiments, the first electrode can be connected to at least an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device. In other words, the first electrode may not be within the tubular device or within a working channel of the tubular device. Instead, the first electrode can be on an outside surface of at least the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be equally spaced around the circumference of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device opposite the first exterior portion where the first electrode is connected. [0084] In some embodiments, the first electrode can be connected to the tubular device such that at least a portion of the distal end of the first electrode 2c extends past the distal end of the tubular device. As stated above, the first electrode can include an electrode holder 2b, as shown in FIGS. 7A-8B. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can surround or wrap around at least a portion of the first electrode. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be a collet for holding at least a portion 2a of the first electrode 2. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can hold at least a portion of a conductor of the first electrode. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be an insulating layer around the electrode. In some embodiments, the insulating layer can be rolled around the electrode. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode (e.g., the distal end 2c (with fluid outlet) of the first electrode) can extend out the distal end of the electrode holder. In some embodiments, the portion of the first electrode extending out the distal end of the electrode holder can be in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, the electrode holder can be what connects the first 28 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 electrode to the exterior of the tubular device. The at least one second electrode in FIGS.7A-7B can be any second electrode described herein. [0085] In some embodiments, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can be configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. [0086] An example of utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS. 7A-7B to treat a tumor in the lungs includes, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the at least one second electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device and the first electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been found, the operator can articulate the at least one second electrode to a desired degree for its spray direction (e.g., 90 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the tubular device). In some embodiments, the operator can move the tubular device such that the at least one second electrode (e.g., grounding electrode) or a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area) is touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode toward the at least one second electrode and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0087] In some embodiments, the electrospray system can include a cap 9 with opening 9a as shown FIGS.8A-8B. In some embodiments, the cap can cover or enclose a portion of the distal end of the tubular device. In some embodiments, the cap can cover or enclose a portion of the distal end of the first electrode. In some embodiments, the cap can cover or enclose a portion of the distal end of the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the cap can have an opening with an opening axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In other words, the cap can include a side opening 9a. In some embodiments, the cap can be removeably connected to the tubular device. In some embodiments, the cap can be removeably 29 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 connected to the first electrode. In some embodiments, the cap can be removeably connected to the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the cap can be connected to these various components via any retaining mechanism such as adhesives, screws, threaded inserts, and variety of others. In some embodiments, the cap can be connected to at least an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, an exterior portion of the distal end of the first electrode, and/or an exterior portion of the distal end of the at least one second electrode. [0088] In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can terminate at the opening of the cap. As such, when the electrospray system is in operation, fluid can be dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode through the opening of the cap. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can terminate in a spherical shape. In some embodiments, the distal end of the at least one second electrode can be arranged about the opening of the cap. In some embodiments, this termination can form contact area 3c. [0089] In some embodiments, the first electrode and the at least one second electrode are configured to dispense fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis through the opening of the cap. In some embodiments, the spray axis can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. In some embodiments, an angle between the spray axis and the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device can be about 1-179 degrees, about 10-170 degrees, about 15-165 degrees, about 30-150 degrees, about 45-135 degrees, about 60-120 degrees, about 75-105 degrees, about 80-100 degrees, about 85-95 degrees, or about 90 degrees. [0090] An example of utilizing the electrospray system of FIGS. 8A-8B to treat a tumor in the lungs includes, in some embodiments, an operator of the system can use the tubular device (e.g., a bronchoscope) having the at least one second electrode attached to at least a portion of the distal end of the tubular device and the first electrode attached to at least a second portion of the distal end of the tubular device to navigate to the tumor in the airways of the lungs. In some embodiments, the operator can move the tubular device such that the at least one second electrode (e.g., grounding electrode) or a portion of the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area) or opening of the cap is touching the tissue of the lung containing the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator can start the flow of fluid (e.g., a chemotherapeutic drug) through the first electrode. The flowing fluid combined with the difference in charge between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode can result in the fluid being dispersed from the fluid outlet of the first 30 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 electrode toward the at least one second electrode through the opening in the cap and into the tissue. In some embodiments, the operator can continue spraying the targeted tissue per an established protocol. In some embodiments, after finishing spraying, the operator can remove the tubular device from the patient. In some embodiments, the order of these operations can vary. [0091] In some embodiments, the electrospray systems disclosed herein can include any electrospray device or component (e.g., electrode, housing, conductor, contact area, outlet, fluid, etc.) of any electrospray device disclosed in US Patent No. 9,731,306, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. [0092] In some embodiments, the electrospray systems can also include a vacuum system/mechanism to ensure that the at least one second electrode (e.g., contact area of the at least one second electrode) is in contact with the target (e.g., tissue). In some embodiments, the electrospray system can include a vacuum mechanism for generating a vacuum along the spraying axis (i.e, in the opposite direction of the spray). In some embodiments, the vacuum can be generated around the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the vacuum can be generated around the contact area(s) of the at least one second electrode. In some embodiments, the distal end of the at least one second electrode can include a slit extending around at least a portion of the contact area(s) through which a vacuum may pull or suck toward the distal end of the at least one second electrode. This can help ensure that the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target. In some embodiments, the at least one second electrode can be connected to the vacuum. [0093] In some embodiments, any or all parts/components of the electrospray device, electrodes, conduits, etc. can be made out of a flexible material. As such, the electrospray components can match the flexibility of the endoscope during use. In addition, this may also help prevent damage to the target during operation. In some embodiments, the housing and/or electrode holders (and other components) can be made out of silicon and/or flexible polymers (e.g., PDMS), among others. In some embodiments, the conductive material of the electrodes can be a conductive polymer, a metal (e.g., stainless steel), a flexible metal/alloy (e.g., NiTi), and/or a conductive paint (e.g., Graphit 33), among others. In some embodiments, any or all parts/components of the electrospray system can be formed out of or coated with a hydrophobic or super hydrophobic material, or contain nanostructures or microstructures to obtain hydrophobic or super hydrophobic properties. 31 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 [0094] For the purpose of clarity and a concise description, features are described herein as part of the same or separate embodiments; however, it will be appreciated that the scope of the disclosure includes embodiments having combinations of all or some of the features described. DEFINITIONS [0095] Unless defined otherwise, all terms of art, notations and other technical and scientific terms or terminology used herein are intended to have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed subject matter pertains. In some cases, terms with commonly understood meanings are defined herein for clarity and/or for ready reference, and the inclusion of such definitions herein should not necessarily be construed to represent a substantial difference over what is generally understood in the art. [0096] Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) variations that are directed to that value or parameter per se. For example, description referring to “about X” includes description of “X”. In addition, reference to phrases “less than”, “greater than”, “at most”, “at least”, “less than or equal to”, “greater than or equal to”, or other similar phrases followed by a string of values or parameters is meant to apply the phrase to each value or parameter in the string of values or parameters. [0097] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is also to be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It is further to be understood that the terms “includes, “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or units but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, units, and/or groups thereof. [0098] This application discloses several numerical ranges in the text and figures. The numerical ranges disclosed inherently support any range or value within the disclosed numerical ranges, including the endpoints, even though a precise range limitation is not stated verbatim in the specification because this disclosure can be practiced throughout the disclosed numerical ranges. 32 Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 [0099] The above description is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the disclosure, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. 33

Claims

Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 CLAIMS 1. An electrospray system comprising: a tubular device having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device; and an electrospray device connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, the electrospray device comprising: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet; and at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the electrospray device is configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the spray axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 3. The system of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 5. An electrospray system comprising: a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 wherein the first electrode and the at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. 7. The system of any one of claims 5-6, wherein the spray axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 8. The system of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 10. An electrospray system comprising: a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 12. The system of any one of claims 9-10, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. 13. The system of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 15. An electrospray system comprising: a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode and at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is configured to move independent of the tubular device; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 17. The system of any one of claims 15-16, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. 18. The system of any one of claims 15-17, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 20. An electrospray system comprising: a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; a plurality of second electrodes connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the plurality of second electrodes are counter electrodes to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the plurality of second electrodes along a spray axis. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. 22. The system of any one of claims 20-21, wherein the spray axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 23. The system of any one of claims 20-22, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 25. An electrospray system comprising: Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device and the tubular device comprises: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; a working channel having a distal end and a proximal end and connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the working channel comprises: at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode and at least a portion of the second electrode extends out the distal end of the working channel; wherein the first electrode and the at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode is in the tubular device. 27. The system of any one of claims 25-26, wherein the spray axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 28. The system of any one of claims 25-27, wherein at least a portion of the second electrode is in the working channel. 29. The system of any one of claims 25-28, wherein the distal end of the working channel has a longitudinal axis extending from working channel and at least a portion of the at least one second electrode extends out the distal end of the working channel along its longitudinal axis. 30. The system of any one of claims 25-29, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 32. An electrospray system comprising: a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device; a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet connected to a first exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device; at least one second electrode connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the at least one second electrode is connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device opposite the first exterior portion. 34. The system of any one of claims 32-33, wherein the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 35. The system of any one of claims 32-34, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 37. An electrospray system comprising: Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 a tubular device having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from tubular device; a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet connected to a first exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device; at least one second electrode connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; a cap covering a portion of the distal end of the tubular device, a portion of the first electrode having the fluid outlet, and a portion of the at least one second electrode, wherein the cap comprises an opening having an opening axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device; wherein the first electrode and at least one second electrode are configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis through the opening of the cap. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the at least one second electrode terminates at the opening of the cap. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the at least one second electrode terminates in a spherical shape. 40. The system of any one of claims 37-39, wherein the at least one second electrode is connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device opposite the first exterior portion. 41. The system of any one of claims 37-40, wherein the fluid outlet of the first electrode has an outlet axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device. 42. The system of any one of claims 37-41, wherein the tubular device is an endoscope. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the endoscope is a bronchoscope, gastroscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, anoscope, colposcope, Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 esophagoscope, laparoscope, laryngoscope, neuroendoscope, proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or thoracoscope. 44. A method of treating a disease using any one of the electrospray systems of claims 1-43. 45. A method for delivering a fluid into a target comprising: navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises an electrospray device connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, the electrospray device comprising: a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet; and at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode; wherein the electrospray device is configured to spray fluid from the fluid outlet of the first electrode towards the at least one second electrode along a spray axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device; moving the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along the spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. 47. The method of any one of claims 45-46, wherein the target is a tissue. 48. A method for delivering a fluid into a target comprising: navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises an at least one second electrode connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device and the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to a first electrode; Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 inserting a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet in the tubular device such that at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; moving the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along a spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising articulating the distal end of the tubular device such that the fluid outlet of the first electrode is facing the target. 50. The method of any one of claims 48-49, further comprising articulating a distal end of the at least one second electrode such that a contact area of the at least one second electrode is facing the target. 51. The method of any one of claims 48-50, wherein the at least one second electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes. 52. The method of any one of claims 48-51, wherein the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. 53. The method of any one of claims 48-52, wherein the target is a tissue. 54. A method for delivering a fluid into a target comprising: navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises a first working channel and a second working channel; inserting a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet in the first working channel of the tubular device such that at least a portion of the first electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis; Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 inserting at least one second electrode that is a counter electrode to the first electrode in the second working channel of the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode extends out the distal end of the tubular device along the longitudinal axis and contacts the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along a spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the second working channel is connected to an exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device. 56. The method of any one of claims 54-55, further comprising articulating the distal end of the tubular device such that the fluid outlet of the first electrode is facing the target. 57. The method of any one of claims 54-56, wherein the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. 58. The method of any one of claims 54-57, wherein the target is a tissue. 59. A method for delivering a fluid into a target comprising: navigating a distal end of a tubular device towards a target, wherein the distal end has a longitudinal axis extending from the tubular device and the tubular device comprises a first electrode comprising a fluid outlet and connected to a first exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device and at least one second electrode connected to a second exterior portion of the distal end of the tubular device, wherein the at least one second electrode is a counter electrode to the first electrode; moving the tubular device such that at least a portion of the at least one second electrode is in contact with the target; flowing fluid to the fluid outlet of the first electrode; generating an electric field between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode such that the fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along a spray axis towards the portion of the at least one second electrode in contact with the target. Docket No.: KAD6008WOPCT1 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the tubular device comprises a cap covering a portion of the distal end of the tubular device, a portion of the first electrode having the fluid outlet, and a portion of the at least one second electrode, wherein the cap comprises an opening and fluid from the fluid outlet is dispersed along the spray axis through the opening of the cap. 61. The method of any one of claims 59-60, further comprising articulating a distal end of the at least one second electrode such that a contact area of the at least one second electrode is facing the target. 62. The method of any one of claims 59-61, wherein the fluid comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient. 63. The method of any one of claims 59-62, wherein the target is a tissue.