WO2024124657A1 - 一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法 - Google Patents

一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法 Download PDF

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WO2024124657A1
WO2024124657A1 PCT/CN2023/072773 CN2023072773W WO2024124657A1 WO 2024124657 A1 WO2024124657 A1 WO 2024124657A1 CN 2023072773 W CN2023072773 W CN 2023072773W WO 2024124657 A1 WO2024124657 A1 WO 2024124657A1
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rope
bowden
force
time
bowden system
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French (fr)
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李会军
陆叶
宋爱国
厉叶
徐宝国
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Southeast University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Program controls
    • B25J9/1628Program controls characterised by the control loop
    • B25J9/1633Program controls characterised by the control loop compliant, force, torque control, e.g. combined with position control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/0006Exoskeletons, i.e. resembling a human figure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/10Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
    • B25J9/104Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of robot technology, relates to wearable exoskeleton robot technology, and specifically relates to a rope force control method based on a force sensor that can be used for time-varying configuration.
  • a rope drive system is a mechanical system that uses ropes and Bowden cables to transmit torque.
  • a rope drive system consists of a hollow outer sheath and an inner rope. Due to its light weight, low inertia and good flexibility, the rope drive system is more attractive for wearable exoskeleton robots than other solutions based on drive shafts or gears. However, the nonlinear relationship between the proximal force and the distal force deteriorates the control performance of the system.
  • feedforward control uses force sensors or changes in spring torque to indirectly complete feedback control, but the end sensor limits the displacement of the rope, thereby affecting flexibility.
  • Combining the force feedback information at the far end with the feedforward is another way to improve the performance of the end effector. This combination can reduce the accuracy of the feedforward model, but the composite control requires the installation of a force sensor at the far end, which limits the flexibility of the end device such as a surgical robot.
  • feedforward control has been widely studied.
  • existing research is based on the modeling of the fixed-position rope system, ignoring the situation where the actual robot motion affects the shape of the rope system, so the force control of the time-varying configuration is a challenging problem.
  • the present invention provides a rope force control method that can be used for time-varying configuration based on a magnetorheological damper and a force sensor.
  • the present invention is based on a self-built experimental platform, and uses a force sensor and a self-made magnetorheological damper to achieve.
  • the friction coefficient and other model parameters are calibrated before using the rope system, and then during the use of the rope system, the angle is estimated according to the algorithm provided by the present invention, so as to achieve real-time force control.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a rope force control method applicable to time-varying configuration comprises the following steps:
  • the parameter ⁇ is optimized according to the following optimization rule:
  • F out , and N represent the actual measured force value, the force value predicted by the model, and the number of sampling times, respectively;
  • Step 2 Real-time parameter calculation and force control, including the following sub-steps:
  • S1 performs parameter identification according to the above friction model to obtain parameters of the auxiliary rope Bowden system and the power Bowden system: friction coefficient ⁇ a of the auxiliary rope Bowden system and friction coefficient ⁇ p of the power rope Bowden system;
  • S2 calculates the auxiliary rope Bowden system ⁇ a in real time according to the model and the sensor force value, and uses it as the rope bending angle of the power rope Bowden system ⁇ p ;
  • the inverse control formula Fin Fout ⁇ e -u ⁇ can be obtained.
  • the power rope Bowden system ⁇ p is brought into the inverse control formula, thereby serving as a feedforward controller to achieve real-time force control effect.
  • step S1 using the tension sensors on the auxiliary rope Bowden system and the power rope Bowden system, the proximal force is defined as the input force, the distal force is defined as the output force, and the parameters with the minimum error are defined as ⁇ a and ⁇ p by calculation using formula (6).
  • step S2 the auxiliary rope Bowden system sets a desired sinusoidal input, and the auxiliary rope Bowden system ⁇ a is calculated using formula (5).
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • This method can achieve real-time force control effect, solve the force control difficulty caused by the change of rope Bowden configuration in the wearable rope robot, and effectively improve the force control accuracy of the rope Bowden system under variable configuration.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a rope force control method that can be used for time-varying configuration in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of parameters derived from the friction model of the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a diagram of a self-made magnetorheological damper module according to the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a verification platform of the force control method of the present invention.
  • the rope force control method for time-varying configuration has a process as shown in FIG1 , which comprises the following steps:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the friction model derivation parameters, where the quasi-static equilibrium equation of the (s+ds) segment is expressed as:
  • represents the direction of rope friction. If it is greater than zero, it means that the friction force is consistent with the movement trend of the rope, and if it is less than zero, it means that it is opposite to the movement trend of the rope. Then integrate on the interval (s+ds), and you can get the following expression:
  • the parameter ⁇ is optimized according to the following optimization rule:
  • F out , and N represent the actual measured force value, the force value predicted by the model, and the number of sampling times, respectively.
  • Step 2 Real-time parameter calculation and force control, including the following sub-steps:
  • S1 performs parameter identification according to the above friction model to obtain parameters of the auxiliary rope Bowden system and the power Bowden system: the friction coefficient ⁇ a of the auxiliary rope Bowden system and the friction coefficient ⁇ p of the power rope Bowden system.
  • the motor 4 transmits torque to the magnetorheological damper 10 through the synchronous wheel 2 and the belt 3, and the actual output torque of the magnetorheological damper is controlled by controlling the current of the slip ring 6.
  • the torque generates tension on the rope winding shaft 5 fixed thereon.
  • the proximal force is defined as the input force
  • the distal force is defined as the output force.
  • the parameters with the minimum error are defined as ⁇ a and ⁇ p by calculating through formula (6).
  • S2 calculates the auxiliary rope Bowden system ⁇ a in real time according to the model and the sensor force value, and uses it as the rope bending angle of the power rope Bowden system ⁇ p ;
  • the inverse control formula Fin Fout ⁇ e -u ⁇ can be obtained.
  • the power rope Bowden system ⁇ p is brought into the inverse control formula, thereby serving as a feedforward controller to achieve real-time force control effect.
  • the simulation test platform is shown in FIG4. Due to the real-time force control method proposed in this paper, in order not to affect the flexibility of the end, the auxiliary rope Bowden system adopts the method of fixing the end and being still. It is difficult for traditional motors to maintain force control under long-term stall conditions. Therefore, a magnetorheological damper module 14 is made by us, and the specific parts of the module are shown in FIG3. In the test platform, the spring 21 is used as an external load simulation actuator to set the desired force value at the far end of the power rope Bowden system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,包括:摩擦模型建立及参数标定;实时参数计算及力控制:根据摩擦模型进行参数辨识,得到辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力绳索鲍登系统的参数:辅助绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μa、动力绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μp;根据模型及传感器力值实时计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa,并作为动力绳索鲍登系统θp的绳索弯曲角度;根据摩擦模型,可以得到逆控制公式Fin=Fout·e-uλθ,将动力绳索鲍登系统θp带入逆控制公式,从而作为前馈控制器,达到实时力控效果。本方法解决了可穿戴式绳索机器人中由于绳索鲍登配置改变导致的力控制困难,有效地提高了绳索鲍登系统在随变配置下的力控制准确性。

Description

一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法 技术领域
本发明属于机器人技术领域,涉及可穿戴式外骨骼机器人技术,具体涉及一种基于力传感器可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法。
背景技术
绳索驱动系统是一种使用绳索和鲍登线管来传递扭矩的机械系统。一般来说绳索驱动系统由空心外护套和内绳索组成。由于轻重量、低惯性和良好的柔韧性。绳索驱动系统相对于基于传动轴或齿轮的其他解决方案,对可穿戴外骨骼机器人来说更具吸引力。但是近端力与远端力的非线性关系恶化了系统的控制性能。
为减少非线性效应,传输特性模型得到学者们大量研究。在控制方法方面研究可分为以下三类:前馈控制、反馈控制、结合前馈和反馈控制的复合控制。反馈控制使用力传感器或弹簧扭矩的变化以间接地完成反馈控制,但是末端传感器会限制绳索的位移,从而影响灵活性。将远端的力反馈信息与前馈结合是改进力控制的另一种方法末端执行器的性能。这种组合可以降低对前馈模型精度,但是复合控制需要在远端安装力传感器,这就限制了诸如手术机器人的末端装置的灵活性。考虑到控制的实用性和复杂性策略,前馈控制已被广泛研究。但是现有研究是基于固定位置的绳索系统建模,忽略了实际机器人运动会影响绳索系统形状的情况,因此时变配置的力控制是一个具有挑战的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种基于磁流变阻尼器和力传感器的可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法。本发明在自搭建的实验平台基础上,利用力传感器以及自制的磁流变阻尼器来实现,首先在使用绳索系统前对摩擦系数以及其他模型参数进行标定,再在使用绳索系统的过程中,根据本发明提供的算法进行角度估计,从而做到实时力控。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:摩擦模型建立及参数标定
绳索中(s+ds)分段的准静态平衡方程表示为:
其中F(s,t),F(s+ds,t),N(s,t),f(s,t)和κ(s,t)分别表示在时间t的情况下,位置s处绳索张力、位置s+ds处绳索张力、正压力、摩擦力和曲率;现定义λ=sign[F'(s)],根据公式(1)可得:
λ代表绳索摩擦的方向,然后在区间(s+ds)上进行积分,可以得到以下表达式:
将以上表达式扩展到总长度L上,可以得到:
F(L,t)=F(0,t)·eμλθ      (4)
其中μ和θ分别代表摩擦系数和绳索总弯曲角度,现在令 Fout=F(L,t),Fin=F(0,t)通过公式(4)可以得到:
为了减小模型和实验数据的误差,根据以下优化法则进行参数μ优化:
其中Fout和N分别表示实际测量的力值、模型预测的力值和采样次数;
步骤二:实时参数计算及力控制,包括如下子步骤:
S1根据上述摩擦模型进行参数辨识,得到辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力鲍登系统的参数:辅助绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μa、动力绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μp
S2根据模型及传感器力值实时计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa,并作为动力绳索鲍登系统θp的绳索弯曲角度;
S3根据摩擦模型,可以得到逆控制公式Fin=Fout·e-uλθ,将动力绳索鲍登系统θp带入逆控制公式,从而作为前馈控制器,达到实时力控效果。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中,利用辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力绳索鲍登系统上的拉力传感器,近端力定义为输入力,远端力定义为输出力,通过公式(6)计算,将误差最小时的参数定义为μa和μp
进一步的,所述步骤S2中,辅助绳索鲍登系统设定期望正弦输入,利用公式(5)计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa
进一步的,所述步骤S3中,设定动力绳索鲍登系统远端的期望力数值,通过逆控制模型Fin=Fout·e-uλθ可以得到对应的期望输入值,动力绳索鲍登系统的角度值可由辅助绳索鲍登系统实时计算。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
本方法能够实现实时力控效果,解决了可穿戴式绳索机器人中由于绳索鲍登配置改变导致的力控制困难,有效地提高了绳索鲍登系统在随变配置下的力控制准确性。
附图说明
图1是为本发明实施例中的一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法的流程图;
图2是本发明所述的摩擦模型推导的参数示意图;
图3是本发明所述的自制磁流变阻尼器模组图;
图4是本发明所述的力控方法的验证平台示意图;
附图标记说明:
1-电机固定座,2-小带轮,3-皮带,4-电机,5-卷线轴,6-滑环,7-滑环固定座,8-磁流变阻尼器末端固定座,9-大带轮,10-磁流变器阻尼器,11-磁流变阻尼器首端固定座,12-模组底座,13-卷轴轴固定座,14-磁流变阻尼器模组,15-电动推杆,16-拉力传感器,17-绳索导引座,18-辅助绳索鲍登系统,19-动力绳索鲍登系统,20-绳索固定座,21-弹簧。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细说明,应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明提供的可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,其流程如图1所示,包含如下步骤:
步骤一:摩擦模型建立及参数标定
图1为摩擦模型推导参数示意图,其中(s+ds)分段的准静态平衡方程表示为:
其中F(s,t),F(s+ds,t),N(s,t),f(s,t)和κ(s,t)分别表示在时间t的情况下,位置s处绳索张力、位置s+ds处绳索张力、正压力、摩擦力和曲率。现定义λ=sign[F'(s)],根据公式(1)可得:
λ代表绳索摩擦的方向,大于零表示摩擦力与绳索运动趋势一致,小于零表示与绳索运动趋势相反。然后在区间(s+ds)上进行积分,可以得到以下表达式:
将以上表达式扩展到总长度L上,可以得到:
F(L,t)=F(0,t)·eμλθ      (4)
其中μ和θ分别代表摩擦系数和绳索总弯曲角度,现在令 Fout=F(L,t),Fin=F(0,t)通过公式(4)可以得到:
为了减小模型和实验数据的误差,根据以下优化法则进行参数μ优化:
其中Fout和N分别表示实际测量的力值、模型预测的力值和采样次数。
步骤二:实时参数计算及力控制,包括如下子步骤:
S1根据上述摩擦模型进行参数辨识,得到辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力鲍登系统的参数:辅助绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μa、动力绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μp
具体的,电机4通过同步轮2和皮带3向磁流变阻尼器10传输力矩,通过控制滑环6的电流来控制磁流变阻尼器的实际输出力矩,该力矩通过卷绳轴5对固定在其上的产生拉力。利用辅助绳索鲍登系统18和动力绳索鲍登系统19上的拉力传感器,近端力定义为输入力,远端力定义为输出力,通过公式(6)计算,将误差最小时的参数定义为μa和μp
S2根据模型及传感器力值实时计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa,并作为动力绳索鲍登系统θp的绳索弯曲角度;
辅助绳索鲍登系统设定期望正弦输入,利用公式(5)计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa,由于辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力绳索鲍登系统并排固 定,两个系统的弯曲角度可近乎相等,即θp=θa
S3根据摩擦模型,可以得到逆控制公式Fin=Fout·e-uλθ,将动力绳索鲍登系统θp带入逆控制公式,从而作为前馈控制器,达到实时力控效果。
模拟测试平台如图4所示,由于本文提出的实时力控方法,为了不影响末端的灵活性,辅助绳索鲍登系统采用末端固定静止的方法,传统电机很难保持长时间堵转情况下的力控,因此自制了磁流变器阻尼器模组14,模组具体零件如图3所示。在测试平台中,弹簧21作为外部负载模拟执行器,设定动力绳索鲍登系统远端的期望力数值,通过逆控制模型Fin=Fout·e-uλθ,可以得到对应的期望输入值,加上动力绳索鲍登系统的角度值可由辅助绳索鲍登系统实时计算,因为可以做到实时力控效果。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段,还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    步骤一:摩擦模型建立及参数标定
    绳索中(s+ds)分段的准静态平衡方程表示为:
    其中F(s,t),F(s+ds,t),N(s,t),f(s,t)和κ(s,t)分别表示在时间t的情况下,位置s处绳索张力、位置s+ds处绳索张力、正压力、摩擦力和曲率;现定义λ=sign[F'(s)],根据公式(1)可得:
    λ代表绳索摩擦的方向,然后在区间(s+ds)上进行积分,可以得到以下表达式:
    将以上表达式扩展到总长度L上,可以得到:
    F(L,t)=F(0,t)·eμλθ  (4)
    其中μ和θ分别代表摩擦系数和绳索总弯曲角度,现在令Fout=F(L,t),Fin=F(0,t)通过公式(4)可以得到:
    为了减小模型和实验数据的误差,根据以下优化法则进行参数μ优化:
    其中Fout和N分别表示实际测量的力值、模型预测的力值和采样次数;
    步骤二:实时参数计算及力控制,包括如下子步骤:
    S1根据上述摩擦模型进行参数辨识,得到辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力鲍登系统的参数:辅助绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μa、动力绳索鲍登系统摩擦系数μp
    S2根据模型及传感器力值实时计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa,并作为动力绳索鲍登系统θp的绳索弯曲角度;
    S3根据摩擦模型,可以得到逆控制公式Fin=Fout·e-uλθ,将动力绳索鲍登系统θp带入逆控制公式,从而作为前馈控制器,达到实时力控效果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,利用辅助绳索鲍登系统和动力绳索鲍登系统上的拉力传感器,近端力定义为输入力,远端力定义为输出力,通过公式(6)计算,将误差最小时的参数定义为μa和μp
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,辅助绳索鲍登系统设定期望正弦输入,利用公式(5)计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可用于时变配置的绳索力控方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,辅助绳索鲍登系统设定期望正弦输入,利用公式(5)计算辅助绳索鲍登系统θa
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