WO2024118510A1 - Chargeur sans fil à bobines multiples - Google Patents

Chargeur sans fil à bobines multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024118510A1
WO2024118510A1 PCT/US2023/081171 US2023081171W WO2024118510A1 WO 2024118510 A1 WO2024118510 A1 WO 2024118510A1 US 2023081171 W US2023081171 W US 2023081171W WO 2024118510 A1 WO2024118510 A1 WO 2024118510A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless power
power transfer
coil
magnetic core
coils
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/081171
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ruiyang Lin
Adam L Schwartz
Original Assignee
Apple Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US18/164,745 external-priority patent/US20240186836A1/en
Application filed by Apple Inc. filed Critical Apple Inc.
Publication of WO2024118510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024118510A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings

Definitions

  • Various electronic devices have wireless power transfer capabilities.
  • battery powered electronic devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, wireless earphones, styluses, etc. may employ wireless power transfer to facilitate charging of batteries within the devices.
  • Various applications may have different requirements for the physical configuration of the wireless power transfer structures.
  • a multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement can include a magnetic core; first and second wireless power transfer coils positioned adjacent one another above the magnetic core; a third wireless power transfer coil positioned above the first and second wireless power transfer coils; a magnet ring located above the first and second wireless power transfer coils; additional magnetic core material disposed atop the magnetic core and associated with the third wireless power transfer coil, wherein the first and second wireless power transfer coils are separated by a separation distance selected to accommodate the additional magnetic core material; and a segmented metallic shield positioned between the magnet ring and the first and second wireless power transfer coils.
  • the additional magnetic core material can include a base portion disposed atop the magnetic core and beneath the third wireless power transfer coil and a post portion disposed atop the base portion and within the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the separation distance can be further selected to reduce coupling between the first or second wireless power transfer coil and the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • a multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement can include a magnetic core, first and second wireless power transfer coils positioned adjacent one another above the magnetic core, a third wireless power transfer coil positioned above the first and second wireless power transfer coils, and a magnet array located above the first and second wireless power transfer coils.
  • the first, second, and third wireless power transfer coils can be part of an array of wireless power transfer coils, the array including multiple first and second wireless power transfer coils and multiple third wireless power transfer coils.
  • the multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement can further include additional magnetic core material associated with the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the additional magnetic core material can include at least one base portion disposed atop the magnetic core and beneath the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the magnetic core material can include at least one post portion disposed atop the base portion and within the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the additional magnetic core material can be affixed to the magnetic core or formed integrally with the magnetic core.
  • the first and second wireless power transfer coils can be separated by a distance selected to accommodate the additional magnetic core material and/or a distance selected to reduce coupling between the first or second wireless power transfer coil and the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the first and second wireless power transfer coils can have at least one of a different operating mode or a different operating frequency than the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement can further include a shield positioned beneath the magnet ring.
  • the shield can be a segmented metallic ring.
  • the multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement can include a shield positioned above the magnet ring.
  • the shield can be a segmented metallic ring.
  • a wireless power transfer device can include power conversion circuitry coupled to a multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement, and control circuitry coupled to the power conversion circuitry that operates the power conversion circuitry to facilitate wireless power transfer via the multi-coil wireless power transfer arrangement that further includes a magnetic core, first and second wireless power transfer coils positioned adjacent one another above the magnetic core, a third wireless power transfer coil positioned above the first and second wireless power transfer coils, and a magnet ring located above the first and second wireless power transfer coils.
  • the wireless power transfer device can further include additional magnetic core material associated with the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the first and second wireless power transfer coils can be separated by a distance selected to allow for at least one of accommodating the additional magnetic core material or reducing coupling between the first or second wireless power transfer coil and the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the first and second wireless power transfer coils can have a different operating mode or a different operating frequency than the third wireless power transfer coil.
  • the control circuitry can be configured to perform foreign object detection by power accounting and to adapt a loss estimation portion of the power accounting based on which of the first, second, or third wireless power transfer coils is in use.
  • the wireless power transfer device can further include a segmented metallic shield positioned between the magnet ring and the first and second wireless power transfer coils.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a wireless power transfer system.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a coil configuration of a wireless power transfer device.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an alternative coil configuration of a wireless power transfer device
  • Figure 4 illustrates further details of an alternative coil configuration of a wireless power transfer device.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an alternative coil configuration of a wireless power transfer device with additional shielding.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a flow chart of a foreign object detection technique based on power accounting for use with different coils of a multi-coil wireless power transfer device.
  • a given figure may be used to illustrate the features of more than one embodiment, or more than one species of the disclosure, and not all elements in the figure may be required for a given embodiment or species.
  • a reference number when provided in a given drawing, refers to the same element throughout the several drawings, though it may not be repeated in every drawing.
  • the drawings are not to scale unless otherwise indicated, and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a wireless power transfer system 100.
  • Wireless power transfer system includes a power transmitter (PTx) 110 that transfers power to a power receiver (PRx) 120 wirelessly, such as via inductive coupling 130.
  • Power transmitter 110 may receive input power that is converted to an AC voltage having particular voltage and frequency characteristics by an inverter 114.
  • Inverter 114 may be controlled by a controller/communications module 116 that operates as further described below.
  • the inverter controller and communications module may be implemented in a common system, such as a system based on a microprocessor, microcontroller, or the like. In other embodiments, the inverter controller may be implemented by a separate controller module and communications module that have a means of communication between them.
  • Inverter 114 may be constructed using any suitable circuit topology (e.g., full bridge, half bridge, etc.) and may be implemented using any suitable semiconductor switching device technology (e.g., MOSFETs, IGBTs, etc. made using silicon, silicon carbide, or gallium nitride devices).
  • suitable semiconductor switching device technology e.g., MOSFETs, IGBTs, etc. made using silicon, silicon carbide, or gallium nitride devices.
  • Inverter 114 may deliver the generated AC voltage to a transmitter coil 112.
  • the transmitter coil block 112 illustrated in Fig. 1 may include tuning circuitry, such as additional inductors and capacitors, that facilitate operation of the transmitter in different conditions, such as different degrees of magnetic coupling to the receiver, different operating frequencies, etc.
  • the wireless coil itself may be constructed in a variety of different ways.
  • the wireless coil may be formed as a winding of wire around a suitable bobbin.
  • the wireless coil may be formed as traces on a printed circuit board. Other arrangements are also possible and may be used in conjunction with the various embodiments described herein.
  • the wireless transmitter coil may also include a core of magnetically permeable material (e.g., ferrite) configured to affect the flux pattern of the coil in a way suitable to the particular application.
  • a core of magnetically permeable material e.g., ferrite
  • the teachings herein may be applied in conjunction with any of a wide variety of transmitter coil arrangements appropriate to a given application.
  • PTx controller/communications module 116 may monitor the transmitter coil and use information derived therefrom to control the inverter 114 as appropriate for a given situation.
  • controller/communications module may be configured to cause inverter 1 14 to operate at a given frequency or output voltage depending on the particular application.
  • the controller/communications module may be configured to receive information from the PRx device and control inverter 114 accordingly. This information may be received via the power transmission coils (i.e., in-band communication) or may be received via a separate communications channel (not shown, i.e., out-of-band communication).
  • controller/communications module 116 may detect and decode signals imposed on the magnetic link (such as voltage, frequency, or load variations) by the PRx to receive information and may instruct the inverter to modulate the delivered power by manipulating various parameters of the generated voltage (such as voltage, frequency, etc.) to send information to the PRx.
  • controller/communications module may be configured to employ frequency shift keying (FSK) communications, in which the frequency of the inverter signal is modulated, to communicate data to the PRx.
  • Controller/communications module 116 may be configured to detect amplitude shift keying (ASK) communications or load modulation-based communications from the PRx.
  • ASK amplitude shift keying
  • the controller/communications module 126 may be configured to vary the current drawn on the receiver side to manipulate the waveform seen on the Tx coil to deliver information from the PRx to the PTx.
  • additional modules that allow for communication between the PTx and PRx may be provided, for example, WiFi, Bluetooth, or other radio links or any other suitable communications channel.
  • controller/communications module 116 may be a single module, for example, provided on a single integrated circuit, or may be constructed from multiple modules/devices provided on different integrated circuits or a combination of integrated and discrete circuits having both analog and digital components.
  • the teachings herein are not limited to any particular arrangement of the controller/communications circuitry.
  • PTx device 110 may optionally include other systems and components, such as a separate communications module 118.
  • comms module 118 may communicate with a corresponding module tag in the PRx via the power transfer coils. In other embodiments, comms module 118 may communicate with a corresponding module using a separate physical channel 138.
  • wireless power transfer system also includes a wireless power receiver (PRx) 120.
  • Wireless power receiver can include a receiver coil 122 that may be magnetically coupled 130 to the transmitter coil 112.
  • receiver coil block 122 illustrated in Fig. 1 may include tuning circuitry, such as additional inductors and capacitors, that facilitate operation of the transmitter in different conditions, such as different degrees of magnetic coupling to the receiver, different operating frequencies, etc.
  • the wireless coil itself may be constructed in a variety of different ways.
  • the wireless coil may be formed as a winding of wire around a suitable bobbin.
  • the wireless coil may be formed as traces on a printed circuit board.
  • the wireless receiver coil may also include a core of magnetically permeable material (e.g, ferrite) configured to affect the flux pattern of the coil in a way suitable to the particular application.
  • ferrite magnetically permeable material
  • Receiver coil 122 outputs an AC voltage induced therein by magnetic induction via transmitter coil 112. This output AC voltage may be provided to a rectifier 124 that provides a DC output power to one or more loads associated with the PRx device.
  • Rectifier 124 may be controlled by a controller/communications module 126 that operates as further described below.
  • the rectifier controller and communications module may be implemented in a common system, such as a system based on a microprocessor, microcontroller, or the like. In other embodiments, the rectifier controller may be implemented by a separate controller module and communications module that have a means of communication between them.
  • Rectifier 124 may be constructed using any suitable circuit topology (e.g, full bridge, half bridge, etc.) and may be implemented using any suitable semiconductor switching device technology (e.g., MOSFETs, IGBTs, etc. made using silicon, silicon carbide, or gallium nitride devices).
  • suitable semiconductor switching device technology e.g., MOSFETs, IGBTs, etc. made using silicon, silicon carbide, or gallium nitride devices.
  • PRx controller/communications module 126 may monitor the receiver coil and use information derived therefrom to control the rectifier 124 as appropriate for a given situation.
  • controller/communications module may be configured to cause rectifier 124 to operate provide a given output voltage depending on the particular application.
  • the controller/communications module may be configured to send information to the PTx device to effectively control the power delivered to the receiver. This information may be received sent via the power transmission coils (i.e., in-band communication) or may be sent via a separate communications channel (not shown, i.e., out-of-band communication).
  • controller/communications module 126 may, for example, modulate load current or other electrical parameters of the received power to send information to the PTx.
  • controller/communications module 126 may be configured to detect and decode signals imposed on the magnetic link (such as voltage, frequency, or load variations) by the PTx to receive information from the PTx.
  • controller/communications module 126 may be configured to receive frequency shift keying (FSK) communications, in which the frequency of the inverter signal has been modulated to communicate data to the PRx.
  • Controller/communications module 126 may be configured to generate amplitude shift keying (ASK) communications or load modulation-based communications from the PRx.
  • FSK frequency shift keying
  • ASK amplitude shift keying
  • the controller/communications module 126 may be configured to vary the current drawn on the receiver side to manipulate the waveform seen on the Tx coil to deliver information from the PRx to the PTx.
  • additional modules that allow for communication between the PTx and PRx may be provided, for example, WiFi, Bluetooth, or other radio links or any other suitable communications channel.
  • controller/communications module 126 may be a single module, for example, provided on a single integrated circuit, or may be constructed from multiple modules/devices provided on different integrated circuits or a combination of integrated and discrete circuits having both analog and digital components. The teachings herein are not limited to any particular arrangement of the controller/communications circuitry.
  • PRx device 120 may optionally include other systems and components, such as a communications (“comms”) module 128.
  • comms module 128 may communicate with a corresponding module in the PTx via the power transfer coils.
  • comms module 128 may communicate with a corresponding module or tag using a separate physical channel 138.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a coil configuration 200 of a wireless power transfer device.
  • the wireless power transfer device could be a wireless power transmitter, a wireless power receiver, or both, z.e., having a wireless power transfer system that can transmit or receive power wirelessly via the coil arrangement.
  • a smartphone could have a bi-directional wireless power transfer system capable of charging the phone’s internal battery when acting as a wireless power receiver or charging an accessory device, such as wireless earphones, when acting as a wireless power transmitter.
  • the amount of power that can be transferred wirelessly and the efficiency of that power transfer can be affected by the relative positioning of the transmit and receive coils and the degree of magnetic coupling between them.
  • Some coil configurations, such as coil configuration 200 can provide improved magnetic coupling and a higher degree of flexibility with respect to such positioning by using multiple coils.
  • three coils 202a, 202b, and 202c are provided.
  • the three coils 202a, 202b, and 202c may, for example, be arranged in what is called a DDQ configuration.
  • a DDQ configuration is so named because the lower two coils 202a and 202b are arranged in a shape that is pronounced of two “D”s, while the third coil 202c is layered above them and operated with an electrical phase angle of 90 degrees with respect to them, thus being a “quadrature” coil.
  • the DDQ configuration is just one example of how multiple coils could be configured to allow for improved coupling between transmit and receive coils and/or greater alignment tolerance.
  • An additional component of coil configuration 200 can be a magnetic core 201 such as a ferrite “sheet.”
  • a magnetic core 201 such as a ferrite “sheet.”
  • Such core elements can provide various advantages, such as steering, directing, containing, or shielding other device components from magnetic flux associated with operation of the wireless power transfer coils.
  • the core element need not be strictly planar, nor need it be made from ferrite. Any material with suitable magnetic properties (e.g., magnetic permeability) could be used depending on the requirements of a particular application, and the shape need not be planar.
  • any core shape that achieves the various flux directing, steering, containing, or shielding objectives of a particular system could be used.
  • Various multi-coil designs and associated core shapes have been proposed, the particulars of which are either known by or available to those ordinarily skilled in the art, and thus such particulars are not repeated herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative coil configuration 300 of a wireless power transfer device, as above, the wireless power transfer device could be a wireless power transmitter, a wireless power receiver, or both.
  • the magnetic core 201 and lower layer coils 202a and 202b can be as described above with respect to Fig. 2.
  • the third coil 302 can be a coil of a different type.
  • a wireless power transfer device could be constructed using three coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a wireless power transfer device could be constructed using an array of coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the array could be a rectangular array include multiple rows and/or multiple columns of coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a circular array could include multiple coil groups as illustrated in Fig. 3 arranged in a circular pattern. In other words, such an array could include multiple groups of the three coils illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • coils 202a and 202b could be coils designed to be used in accordance with an industry standard wireless power transfer configuration, such as one or more versions of the Qi standard promulgated by the Wireless Power Consortium.
  • third coil 302c could be designed to be used in accordance with an alternative industry standard or a proprietary wireless power transfer configuration, such as the MagSafeTM wireless power transfer coil by Apple Inc.
  • third coil 302c could be designed to be used in accordance with one or more versions of the Qi standard different from that of one or more of coils 202a and 202b.
  • Adjacent to coil 302c is, in some implementations, an array of magnets 303 that is provided to secure the wireless power transfer device to another device, such as a charger or an external accessory.
  • magnetic array 303 is a magnet ring that includes a plurality of magnets curved magnets disposed in a circular configuration.
  • the circular configuration may be continuous (illustrated) or segmented with spacing in-between adjacent magnets (not illustrated).
  • the magnets of magnet ring 303 may be individually curved to facilitate the overall arcuate configuration of ring 303.
  • Other magnet configurations could also be used. For example, fewer magnets could be provided, with spaces between the individual magnet segments.
  • the disposition of the magnets need not be circular, with polygonal, ellipsoidal, or other configurations also being used. In fact, any array of a plurality of magnets could be used depending on the requirements of a particular application.
  • Coil 302c could also be (but need not be) of any other configuration that differs from coils 202a and 202b, including, without limitation, operating at a different frequency, operating in a different mode, operating with a different power transfer level or capability, etc.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates further details of an alternative coil configuration 400a/400b of a wireless power transfer device incorporating different coil types.
  • a wireless power transfer device could be constructed using three coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a wireless power transfer device could be constructed using an array of coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the array could be a rectangular array include multiple rows and/or multiple columns of coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a circular array could include multiple coil groups as illustrated in Fig. 3 arranged in a circular pattern.
  • such an array could include multiple groups of the three coils illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • View 400a is a plan view of the coil configuration similar to that presented in Figs. 2 and 3 above.
  • View 400b is a sectional view through the center of plan view 400a.
  • additional magnetic core material may be provided.
  • additional central core material in the form of a central base portion 404a and a post portion 404b are provided to provide the desired magnetic properties (e.g., inductance) for coil 302c.
  • the illustrated additional core material configuration is but one example, and the details of a particular design may be selected to provide the desired magnetic properties.
  • only post portion 404b or only base portion 404a could be provided depending on the requirements of a particular application.
  • multiple “base” portions and/or multiple “post” portions resulting in different numbers of tiers of magnetic material could be provided to achieve the desired geometry and magnetic characteristics.
  • the additional core material includes a central base portion 404a that is positioned atop magnetic core 201.
  • this central base portion 404a could be additional core material that is located atop magnetic core 201.
  • This core material could have the same magnetic properties (e.g., material, magnetic permeability, etc.) as magnetic core 201, or could have differing properties, as desired.
  • the central base portion 404a could be affixed to magnetic core 201, e.g., using a suitable adhesive.
  • the central base portion 404a could be formed integrally with magnetic core 201, e.g., by a suitable mol ding/ sintering process.
  • base portion 404a refers to an additional magnetic core element that is positioned beneath the corresponding additional coil element 302c.
  • post portion 404b refers to an additional magnetic core element that extends through the plane of additional coil 302c.
  • the additional core material includes a post portion 404b that is positioned atop central base portion 404a.
  • the central base portion 404a could be omitted, and post portion 404b could be positioned on magnetic core 201.
  • the core material of post portion 404b could have the same magnetic properties (e.g., material, magnetic permeability, etc.) as magnetic core 201 and/or central base portion 404a, or could have differing properties, as desired.
  • the post portion 404b could be affixed to central base portion 404a or could be affixed to magnetic core 201, e.g., using a suitable adhesive. In other applications, the post portion 404b could be formed integrally with central base portion 404a and/or with magnetic core 201, e.g., by a suitable molding/sintering process.
  • FIG. 4 Also illustrated in Fig. 4 is an alteration of the position of coils 202a and 202b to accommodate the above-described changes. More specifically, each of coils 202a and 202b have been moved outward by a distance “X” to provide a separation between coils 202a and 202b that accommodates additional coil 302c.
  • the distance “X” and thus the separation between coils 202a and 202b may be selected to accommodate the positioning of additional core material in the form of central base portion 404a and/or post portion 404b, as illustrated most clearly in view 400b. Additionally, or alternatively, the distance “X” may be selected to reduce a degree of coupling between coil 302c and coils 202a/202b.
  • the size (e.g., diameter, inside diameter, and/or outside diameter) of coil 302c may be one factor affecting separation between coils 202a and 202b.
  • the dimensions (diameter, inside diameter, and/or outside diameter) may also affect the separation between coils 202a and 202b.
  • the desired separation can be achieved by reducing the diameter of the coils by a corresponding amount.
  • magnetic core 201 (in the form of a ferrite sheet) is located at the bottom of view 400b, with coils 202a/202b adjacent one another in the same plane above magnetic core 201. Additional coil 302c is then located above coils 202a/202b, with magnet ring 303 disposed above coil 302c.
  • above is used as a relative direction, and it is to be understood that the coil assembly and/or wireless power transfer device could be oriented in any direction.
  • “above,” “below,” “beneath,” or words of similar import are relative terms describing the stack-up, and not necessarily absolute directions in space.
  • magnet ring 303 is depicted in Fig. 4 (and Fig. 5, below) as being above additional coil 302c, magnet ring 303 and additional coil 302c could be coplanar or coil 302c could be located above magnet ring 303 depending on the construction of the device.
  • FIG. 4 Also illustrated in Fig. 4 is an overlap region 405 where magnet ring 303 may interfere with coil 202b. Corresponding overlap regions also exist at other positions where the magnet coil is located above coils 202a or 202b, though for clarity they have not been separately labeled. In at least some applications, the presence of the magnets of magnet ring 303 may affect operation of coil 202a and/or 202b by interfering with flux coupling between these coils and complementary coils of another wireless power transfer device. To mitigate this situation, Fig. 5 illustrates an alternative coil configuration of a wireless power transfer device with additional shielding. In some embodiments, a wireless power transfer device could be constructed using three coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a wireless power transfer device could be constructed using an array of coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the array could be a rectangular array include multiple rows and/or multiple columns of coils as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a circular array could include multiple coil groups as illustrated in Fig. 3 arranged in a circular pattern. In other words, such an array could include multiple groups of the three coils illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a plan view 500a of a coil configuration incorporating a shield ring 505, discussed in greater detail below.
  • Figure 5 also illustrates a section view 500b taken through the center of plan view 500a.
  • Figure 5 also illustrates a plan view 500c of shield ring 505, as well as a plan view 500d of shield ring 505 together with magnet ring 303.
  • Shield ring 505 may be formed as a segmented metallic structure to provide shielding between coil 202a and/or coil 202b and magnet ring 303. The segmented nature of the ring reduces the available eddy current paths and thus reduces eddy current losses in the shield ring.
  • substantially continuous circumference means that there is coverage for the vast majority of the of the magnet ring, with interruptions in the segments being small and primarily intended to reduce eddy current paths.
  • Other configurations are also possible. For example, more or fewer segments could be provided. Additionally, the segments need not be immediately contiguous so as to provide a substantially continuous circumference. In other words, larger gaps could be provided between the respective segments.
  • the angular extent of the respective segments may be selected so that they cover only the overlap regions 405 between the magnet ring and coils 202a/202b, as the shielding properties of shield ring 505 may not be needed in the region between coils 202a/202b and/or in the central sections of coils 202a/202b.
  • shield ring 505 may be located between magnet ring 303 and coils 202a/202b that are to be shielded.
  • shield ring 505 could be located above magnet ring 303 (and thus between the magnet ring and a complementary wireless power transfer coil of a complementary device) and still provide the desired shielding effect.
  • wireless power transfer devices may incorporate foreign object detection to reduce or inhibit a level of wireless power transfer to avoid delivery of power to a foreign object in the vicinity of the wireless power transfer and receiver.
  • foreign object detection to reduce or inhibit a level of wireless power transfer to avoid delivery of power to a foreign object in the vicinity of the wireless power transfer and receiver.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a simplified flow chart of a foreign object detection technique 630 based on power accounting.
  • PTx 110 calculates power transmitted by the PTx. This can be achieved by multiplying the output voltage of inverter 114 by the current through transmit coil 112.
  • block 63 lb calculates power received by PRx 120. This can be achieved by multiplying the current through receiver coil 122 by the output voltage of rectifier 124. Depending on the efficiency of the inverter and rectifier and how it is accounted for, either their input or output currents and/or voltages could be used.
  • the respective voltages and currents may be monitored sensors coupled to the respective controller circuitry located in controller and communications modules 116 (for PTx 110) and 126 (for PRx 120). Implementation of such measurement systems is known to those skilled in the art, and thus is not repeated here.
  • PRx 120 can communicate the received power value to PTx 110, which it receives as illustrated in block 632a.
  • This discussion assumes that the foreign object detection is performed by PTx 110, for example by circuitry located in controller/communications module 126.
  • the foreign object detection process could run on PRx 120, in which case PTx 110 could transmit its measured power value to PRx 120. In either case, this could take place either by in-band communication (involving modulation of the voltage, current, frequency, phase, etc. wireless power transferred) or out-of-band communication using separate communications modules 118/128 and separate communications channel 138, which could be near field communication (NFC), Bluetooth communication, WiFi communication, etc. as discussed above.
  • the device could transmit the underlying measurements (e.g., voltage and current measurements) that would allow the counterpart device to calculate the respective power.
  • the PTx (or PRx, if it is performing foreign object detection) can calculate the measured power loss as the difference between transmitted power and received power.
  • this measured power loss can include two components: friendly metal losses (associated with either PTx 110 or PRx 120) and foreign object losses.
  • the PTx (or PRx, if it is performing foreign object detection) estimates the based on the coil in use.
  • the losses associated with wireless power transfer including, for example, so-called “friendly metal” losses may vary based on which of the coils is in use.
  • the controller circuitry may be provided with parameters to estimate the losses based on which of the plurality of coils is in use. Then, during a power transfer operation, the appropriate parameters may be selected by the controller to perform loss estimation based on which coil is in use.
  • estimation of the losses may be thought of as a computation based on observable circuit parameters (voltages, currents, coupling factors, etc.) and predetermined parameters that relate these observable circuit parameters to the resulting losses for a particular coil.
  • These parameters may be part of a model that can be analytically or empirically derived during the design of a particular wireless power transfer device. These model parameters may be stored in a memory associated with a controller of the respective wireless power transfer device and either used by that device to estimate its friendly metal losses or provided to a counterpart device to allow that device to estimate the friendly metal losses of its counterpart.
  • the device performing the foreign object detection can calculate the net foreign object losses (block 635), which can be the difference between the calculated measured power loss (block 633) and the estimated friendly metal losses (block 634).
  • the net foreign object losses can then be compared to a net loss threshold (block 636). If the net foreign object losses are less than the threshold, then it can be inferred that no foreign object is present (block 638) and no mitigation is required. Alternatively, if the net foreign object losses are greater than the threshold (block 636), then it can be inferred that a foreign object is present (block 637) and some mitigation may be employed.
  • Such mitigations can include reducing or limiting the amount of power transferred, stopping power transfer, providing a notification to the user, such as an audiovisual alert, etc.
  • the foregoing describes exemplary embodiments of wireless power transfer systems that are able to transmit certain information amongst the PTx and PRx in the system.
  • the present disclosure contemplates this passage of information improves the devices’ ability to provide wireless power signals to each other in an efficient manner to facilitate battery charging, such as by sharing of the devices’ power handling capabilities with one another.
  • Entities implementing the present technology should take care to ensure that, to the extent any sensitive information is used in particular implementations, that well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices are complied with. In particular, such entities would be expected to implement and consistently apply privacy practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users.
  • Implemented should inform users where personally identifiable information is expected to be transmitted in a wireless power transfer system and allow users to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation. For instance, such information may be presented to the user when they place a device onto a power transmitter, if the power transmitter is configured to poll for sensitive information from the power receiver.
  • Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed.
  • data de-identification can be used to protect a user’s privacy.
  • a device identifier may be partially masked to convey the power characteristics of the device without uniquely identifying the device.
  • De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing identifiers, controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods such as differential privacy.
  • Robust encryption may also be utilized to reduce the likelihood that communication between inductively coupled devices are spoofed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de transfert d'énergie sans fil (WPT) à bobines multiples qui peut comprendre un noyau magnétique, des première et deuxième bobines WPT disposées l'une à côté de l'autre au-dessus du noyau magnétique, une troisième bobine WPT disposée au-dessus des première et deuxième bobines de transfert d'énergie sans fil, une bague magnétique située au-dessus des première et deuxième bobines de transfert d'énergie sans fil et un matériau de noyau magnétique supplémentaire disposé au-dessus du noyau magnétique et associé à la troisième bobine WPT. Les première et deuxième bobines de transfert d'énergie sans fil peuvent être séparées par une distance de séparation choisie pour accommoder le matériau magnétique supplémentaire ; et un bouclier métallique segmenté disposé entre la bague aimantée et les première et deuxième bobines de transfert d'énergie sans fil. Le noyau magnétique supplémentaire peut comprendre une partie de base disposée sur le noyau magnétique et sous la troisième bobine de transfert d'énergie sans fil et/ou une partie de montant disposée sur la partie de base et à l'intérieur de la troisième bobine de transfert d'énergie sans fil.
PCT/US2023/081171 2022-12-01 2023-11-27 Chargeur sans fil à bobines multiples WO2024118510A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263385737P 2022-12-01 2022-12-01
US63/385,737 2022-12-01
US18/164,745 2023-02-06
US18/164,745 US20240186836A1 (en) 2022-12-01 2023-02-06 Multi-coil wireless charger

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WO2024118510A1 true WO2024118510A1 (fr) 2024-06-06

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110115429A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Nokia Corporation Wireless Charging Adapter Compatible With Wall Charger And Wireless Charging Plate
EP3799252A1 (fr) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-31 Apple Inc. Systèmes d'alignement magnétique avec nfc pour dispositifs électroniques
US20220045527A1 (en) * 2020-08-05 2022-02-10 Apple Inc. Magnetically attachable charging devices
WO2022140612A1 (fr) * 2020-12-23 2022-06-30 Nucurrent, Inc. Émetteurs d'énergie sans fil et stations de base associées servant à transmettre de l'énergie à de longues distances de séparation
WO2022177589A1 (fr) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-25 Apple Inc. Dispositif accessoire pour améliorer l'efficacité de transfert d'énergie sans fil

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110115429A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Nokia Corporation Wireless Charging Adapter Compatible With Wall Charger And Wireless Charging Plate
EP3799252A1 (fr) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-31 Apple Inc. Systèmes d'alignement magnétique avec nfc pour dispositifs électroniques
US20220045527A1 (en) * 2020-08-05 2022-02-10 Apple Inc. Magnetically attachable charging devices
WO2022140612A1 (fr) * 2020-12-23 2022-06-30 Nucurrent, Inc. Émetteurs d'énergie sans fil et stations de base associées servant à transmettre de l'énergie à de longues distances de séparation
WO2022177589A1 (fr) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-25 Apple Inc. Dispositif accessoire pour améliorer l'efficacité de transfert d'énergie sans fil

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