WO2024117924A2 - Système de protection incendie pour systèmes d'énergie électrique (see) - Google Patents

Système de protection incendie pour systèmes d'énergie électrique (see) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024117924A2
WO2024117924A2 PCT/RO2024/050003 RO2024050003W WO2024117924A2 WO 2024117924 A2 WO2024117924 A2 WO 2024117924A2 RO 2024050003 W RO2024050003 W RO 2024050003W WO 2024117924 A2 WO2024117924 A2 WO 2024117924A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
controlled
driving gas
inert
battery
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PCT/RO2024/050003
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English (en)
Inventor
Risco RAUL - IOAN
Original Assignee
Raul Ioan Risco
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Publication of WO2024117924A2 publication Critical patent/WO2024117924A2/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/002—Apparatus for mixing extinguishants with water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/008—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use for producing other mixtures of different gases or vapours, water and chemicals, e.g. water and wetting agents, water and gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • Fire protection system for Electric Energy Systems (Electric Energy Systems - EES) is a very important field for ensuring optimal conditions for the storage and distribution of electrical energy from green energy systems to energy consumers, further distribution to homes, businesses, and factories by synchronizing production with consumption and balancing at the level of the electric network.
  • fire protection systems play a fundamental role in preventing and/or extinguishing fires, thus minimizing the risks of loss and/or damage to batteries, racks, containers, electric vehicle charging systems, as well as other energy storage systems or small enclosures that require protection against overheating/fire and where the device from this invention can be installed.
  • system of the current invention can also be adapted to battery systems and battery modules in Electric Vehicles (EVs), thereby increasing road safety and preventing loss of human lives due to fires that may occur in these vehicles.
  • EVs Electric Vehicles
  • the fire protection system of this invention can be used to ensure the safety of data centers, servers, hard drives, or other devices that require protection against overheating/fire.
  • fire protection systems designed to extinguish fires occurring in rooms or containers where materials, electrical equipment, substances, or containers presenting a fire hazard are located, act with foam, powders, or inert gases stored in large pressurized reservoirs, which are sprayed into rooms and spaces through multiple sprinklers / nozzles.
  • foam, powders, or inert gases stored in large pressurized reservoirs, which are sprayed into rooms and spaces through multiple sprinklers / nozzles.
  • the fire protection systems in the electrical field used in areas, rooms, or containers where battery modules, electrical equipment, servers, electronic equipment, and/or Information Technology equipment are located are deficient in their concept because they centrally operate at a macro level with dielectric fire extinguishing substances including powder, various types of clean extinguishing agents, inert gases, or a combination of these.
  • dielectric fire extinguishing substances including powder, various types of clean extinguishing agents, inert gases, or a combination of these.
  • smoke detectors which work on the aspiration principle, periodically analyzing air samples from the room, or can be triggered manually.
  • Tanks or cylinders are pressurized and held under pressure, being used only once from activation to depletion.
  • the inert gas is loaded into the reservoir together with Novec (for example), resulting in a homogeneous mixture, and the pressures are on average over 50 bars, and the reservoirs are very large because they are designed for a fire spreading throughout the room or constructed enclosures, or multiple rooms / containers.
  • the power supply for these fire protection systems is 220 V or in case of power outage, through UPS units, which supply the same 220 V, but have a limited operating time.
  • Fire protection systems designed for Energy Storage Systems (ESS) at the container or enclosure level where there are batteries, electrical, electronic, or IT equipment are equipped with large reservoirs of inert gases such as CO2, N2, Argon, or a mixture with clean extinguishing agent, and their operation principle is based on reducing the oxygen level so that combustion cannot occur. They are activated by spraying the entire content when a fire is detected within the room. The spraying takes place through sprinklers located at ceiling level, without having special systems for evacuating the gases resulting from the fire protection system activation, as well as the smoke resulting from the fire.
  • Some fire protection systems are equipped with plastic pipes filled with Novec placed near the at-risk areas, which melt at high temperatures in case of fire and release the clean extinguishing agent into the enclosure.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention refers to a fire protection system with at least two fire extinguishing substances, but not limited to them, of substantially reduced dimensions, designed to have a controlled prevention apparatus, as well as a controlled fire extinguishing apparatus that are put into operation and controlled by a detection and data transmission system and a data acquisition and control system, the system having at least one reservoir of inert driving gas and a reservoir of liquid state fire extinguishing substance, with dedicated circuits that close or open the circuits mentioned earlier, connecting pipes for supplying the inert driving gas and/or the mixture with the fire extinguishing substance to a actuator rod piston which, when activated, becomes an injector, a smoke suction and exhaust apparatus, a drainage system for neutralizing gases resulting from battery cell venting or in case of a fire.
  • This technical solution uses a controlled prevention apparatus that utilizes at least one pressure circuit, but preferably a low-pressure circuit to distribute a fire inhibition preventive agent, arranged next to a controlled fire extinguishing apparatus that uses at least a separate pressure circuit, but preferably a high-pressure circuit, for the rapid distribution of a extinguishing agent consisting of a mixture of inert driving gas with aerosols of the anti-fire liquid substance, a switching mechanism that allows seamless transition between prevention and fire extinguishing apparatus, enabling a smooth transition between high- pressure and low-pressure circuits, a dedicated fluid transport circuit to regulate the flow of extinguishing agents through specific pipes to designated (EES) modules.
  • EES designated
  • the controlled prevention apparatus initiates and triggers the following components: an actuator and injector system to initiate and inject inert driving gas, the fire prevention agent, an exhaust apparatus to remove oxygen from the protected area, a suction apparatus to extract oxygen from the circuit, resulting in replacing the evacuated air with inert driving gas to reduce the risk of burning and pre-cooling (EES) modules, all followed by a smoke extraction and redirection device from the modules to the exhaust apparatus.
  • an actuator and injector system to initiate and inject inert driving gas
  • the fire prevention agent to remove oxygen from the protected area
  • an exhaust apparatus to remove oxygen from the protected area
  • a suction apparatus to extract oxygen from the circuit, resulting in replacing the evacuated air with inert driving gas to reduce the risk of burning and pre-cooling (EES) modules, all followed by a smoke extraction and redirection device from the modules to the exhaust apparatus.
  • EES pre-cooling
  • the controlled fire extinguisher apparatus includes a mixing device with its own tank that uses a significantly modified compressed air lubricator as a central component to transform the anti-fire substance from liquid into an aerosol by combining it with the inert driving gas and to calibrate the mixing ratio to ensure the optimal mixture ratio.
  • the controlled fire extinguisher apparatus includes at least one fire extinguishing substance reservoir, in addition to its own reservoir, these being interconnected, with the two operating on the principle of communicating vessels, thus allowing the continuous supply of the liquid fire extinguishing substance to the mixing device with its own tank for transformation into an aerosol.
  • the fire protection system also includes a rod actuator piston used as a device for actuating the evacuation hatches, which is a piston mounted in a cylinder that uses the power of the inert driving gas to push and forcibly open the hatches from the module and rack through a rod, and after actuation, the system becomes an injection cylinder having at least one discharge orifice, preferably three orifices, positioned to distribute the inert driving gas and/or extinguishing agent mixture in the form of aerosols uniformly among the cells inside the battery module.
  • a rod actuator piston used as a device for actuating the evacuation hatches, which is a piston mounted in a cylinder that uses the power of the inert driving gas to push and forcibly open the hatches from the module and rack through a rod, and after actuation, the system becomes an injection cylinder having at least one discharge orifice, preferably three orifices, positioned to distribute the inert driving gas and/or extinguishing agent mixture in the form
  • the technical solution offered by this system also includes a smoke column circuit consisting of an exhaust device connected to fire dampers, a main suction column that channels the flow of smoke, a suction device connected to an absorbent vacuum, and a dual-function smoke circuit system: the first function being to vent the smoke to the drainage system and the second function to flood the modules (EES) in reverse with water supplied by firefighters through a dedicated intake.
  • the fire protection system includes a multitude of dedicated exhaust apparatuses for each EES to ensure efficient removal of combustible gases through the recirculated water of a drainage system.
  • the exhaust apparatus is equipped with elbows and one-way valves protecting against reverse flow, all connected to a reservoir that serves as a collection point for water with resulting substances and smoke from drainage, in a closed circuit through a recirculation pump.
  • the detection and data transmission system comprises a multitude of temperature, pressure, gas, vibration, and shock sensors, transmitters, and transducers positioned at the level of the modules within the (EES) or in surrounding open areas and separate subassemblies, divided into groups such as: battery cell group, cooling groups, power electronics group, each having at least one sensor on each cell electrode, one sensor on the cooling system, and one sensor on the BMS, resulting in redundancy so that any of the groups can initiate the fire protection system.
  • groups such as: battery cell group, cooling groups, power electronics group, each having at least one sensor on each cell electrode, one sensor on the cooling system, and one sensor on the BMS, resulting in redundancy so that any of the groups can initiate the fire protection system.
  • the fire protection system may also include a data acquisition and control system with an analysis and execution subsystem that triggers the activation of the controlled prevention device upon detecting any critical values or activates the controlled fire extinguishing device when it detects any imminent value, originating either from within a module or indicating the pressure produced by the discharge of the cell inside any module.
  • the data acquisition and control system can also switch between the controlled prevention apparatus and the controlled fire extinguisher apparatus. This is achieved by switching between the low-pressure circuit and the high-pressure circuit, a system that decides the appropriate circuit for supplying the inert driving gas either to the prevention apparatus, which can act intermittently, and/or to the extinguisher apparatus, which can act continuously.
  • the intervention process is preventive and fire-fighting action that is carried out in stages based on the values provided by temperature, pressure, and gas sensors;
  • the cost of recommissioning is determined by replacing the affected module, recharging the inert gas and clean extinguishing agent reservoirs, with the cost being significantly lower compared to current known methods.
  • Fig. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the MSFSS, PAC and EAC and inert driving gas with preventive circuit, mixing circuit and dedicated fluid transport pipeline.
  • Fig. 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module with sensors and evacuation hatches.
  • Fig. 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of battery modules with actuator and injector system and hatches.
  • Fig. 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of battery modules with exhaust and suction apparatus.
  • Fig. 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a (EES) container with outlet transport pipe lines and drainage.
  • Fig. 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of battery modules in the racks with outlet transport pipe lines and main drainage system.
  • Fig. 7 It is an illustration with markings of the real-time action of the experimental process: detection, prevention, circulation, evacuation, extinguishing mode, on the reaction of a battery cell discharge from a module.
  • Fig. 8 It is a schematic diagram of EES containers group with individual transport pipe line to common drainage and collecting reservoir.
  • Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the in-tank mixer device connected to the reservoir of the liquid fire extinguishing substance, for balancing the pressure of the inert gas cushion based on the principle of communicating vessels.
  • Fig. 10 It is a schematic diagram of actuator and injector system. REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
  • 143a, 143b, 143c - orifices for injecting inert driving gas and/or mixture of inert driving gas with anti-fire substance at aerosol stage.
  • Fire Protection System serves the purpose of detecting, preventing, and promptly neutralizing the occurrence of fire factors in protected spaces, as well as alerting competent personnel;
  • Inert Driving Gas an inert gas under pressure of up to 300 bars, or at the authorized maximum pressure, which, once released, due to the pressure, sets in motion the elements of the fire protection system;
  • Liquid Fire Extinguishing Substance a fire extinguishing substance in liquid form that acts on the fire, which can be, but not limited to: Novec 1230, Novec 649, FK-5- 1-12, C6F12O, or any known form of fire extinguishing substance;
  • Pressure Regulator a valve that controls the pressure of a fluid or gas to a desired value using negative feedback from the controlled pressure
  • - Balanced Gas Cushion of the Fire Extinguishing Substance a gas cushion formed between two interconnected tanks, having the same pressure to ensure the operation of the communicating vessels principle;
  • Battery Module multiple cells put together, held together by a metal frame, with electrical connections, to form an energy storage system;
  • Discharge Valve the discharge valve of a battery cell assembly of parts or fittings that is used to establish, interrupt, or regulate the flow of a fluid or gas;
  • Solenoid Valve an electrically operated device through a coil that allows control of the passage of gas/liquid in a circuit
  • One-way Valve a valve that allows the passage of a fluid or gas in one direction;
  • Switching Mechanism a valve that allows the passage of a fluid or gas in both the inlet and outlet directions, which can be manual or based on the pressure difference principle;
  • In-Tank Mixer a device designed to mix inert driving gas with the fire extinguishing substance in liquid form through atomization, aerosols, and other known methods;
  • PAC Controlled Prevention Apparatus
  • EAC Controlled Fire Extinguisher Apparatus
  • - Transmitter - device that automatically transmits signals measured by sensors to the control system
  • - Translator - device or system that establishes a correspondence between the values of a specific quantity in this system and the values of a quantity of another nature, specific to another system; in this case, it correlates sensors with the control system
  • Rod Actuator Piston - component of the piston actuator rod system operated by pressure to move the rod that triggers the discharge hatches, which, once activated, remain open;
  • Multiport Injection Cylinder - is the component of the rod actuator system, which, at the predefined stroke, has three holes as an injector and which spreads inert gas or a mixture with the fire extinguishing substance in the aerosol stage;
  • Visual and Auditory Warning System a combined system of two visual and auditory elements with the purpose of warning about the triggering of the anti-fire system
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • SOC State of Charge
  • SOD Stage of Discharge
  • the objective of the present invention is to create a fire protection system for an Electric Energy Storage (EES) System to address the fire risk and propagation deficiencies in the current state of the art.
  • EES Electric Energy Storage
  • the present invention describes a fire protection system with at least two substances (MSFSS), designed with significantly reduced dimensions.
  • MSFSS fire protection system with at least two substances
  • the system of the present invention acts directly at the source of the fire with inert driving gas (101) and/or a mixture of inert driving gas (101) with the anti-fire liquid substance (113), which can be a clean volatile or gaseous extinguishing agent, non-polluting and with dielectric properties, such as fluorocarbons - FCs; perfluorocarbons - PFCs; fluoroiodocarbons - FICs, Novec 1230, Novec 649, and FK- 5-1-12 (C6F12O), etc., calibrated and dosed through a in-tank mixer device (108) to combat fire factors, applied in a controlled manner in terms of pressure, mixture ratio, flow rate, and by controlling intervention times, through intermittent or continuous application.
  • the inert driving gas (101) stored in the reservoir (102), at a pressure up to the maximum safety limit, is also a driving / engine / propellant element of the present invention, allowing significantly prolonged and controlled action on the fire throughout the extinguishing process, both with slow, progressive, intermittent application and maximum intensity.
  • the present invention introduces a fire protection system with at least two substances (MSFSS) which can include a controlled prevention apparatus (PAC), utilizing at least one pressure circuit, preferably a low-pressure circuit, further reduced by the low- pressure regulator (106) and/or operated by a low pressure solenoid valve of output circuit
  • MSFSS controlled prevention apparatus
  • PAC controlled prevention apparatus
  • the fire protection system with at least two substances also includes a controlled fire prevention apparatus (EAC), which can utilize at least one pressure circuit, preferably a high-pressure circuit, operated by the high-pressure regulator (105) and/or high pressure solenoid valve (116) to distribute an inert driving gas (101) combined by a in-tank mixer device (108) with an anti-fire liquid substance (113), transforming it into an aerosol (154) for fire inhibition.
  • EAC controlled fire prevention apparatus
  • the present invention proposes a switching mechanism (140) that allows seamless transition between the two mentioned apparatuses.
  • the invention presents a dedicated circuit for transporting the extinguishing agent, which can be one of the circuits (CA), (CB), (CC) using a set of separate output dedicated solenoid valves (117), (118), (119) to distribute the flow of the extinguishing agent through specific pipes into the battery module (120).
  • a dedicated circuit for transporting the extinguishing agent which can be one of the circuits (CA), (CB), (CC) using a set of separate output dedicated solenoid valves (117), (118), (119) to distribute the flow of the extinguishing agent through specific pipes into the battery module (120).
  • the two substances of (MSFSS) of this invention are formed from at least two components of substances: an inert driving gas (101) used for fire inhibition and propulsion of prevention and extinguishing devices, as well as the in-tank mixer device
  • the controlled fire prevention apparatus is physically connected by the inert driving gas (101) and logically through the initiation and priming of the following components: an actuator and injector system (121) for injecting the inert driving gas (101) and opening the hatches (122 and 128), a smoke column with the external environment of the battery module (120), a module and rack exhaust apparatus (147) to remove air/oxygen from the protected area, a suction apparatus (148) to remove air/oxygen from the battery module, and an exhaust apparatus (149) to expel the air removed from the protected area.
  • an actuator and injector system (121) for injecting the inert driving gas (101) and opening the hatches (122 and 128)
  • a smoke column with the external environment of the battery module 120
  • a module and rack exhaust apparatus 147
  • suction apparatus 148
  • an exhaust apparatus 149
  • the controlled fire prevention apparatus performs at least one of the processes: oxygen evacuation from the battery module (120) and oxygen replacement and cooling process with inert driving gas (150), and cooling which can also be done through an intermittent injection process of the inert driving gas (101) to manage the limited source from the reservoir of inert driving gas (102).
  • the purpose of the aforementioned processes is to eliminate at least one condition, preferably two conditions that sustain combustion, such as by maintaining the protected area without oxygen and at a low temperature.
  • the fire protection system in the present invention features a significantly reduced- size reservoir of inert driving gas (102), which could be, but not limited to 20 liters for an Electric Energy Storage (EES) system recommended for 0.6 MW, where the inert driving gas (101) is stored at a pressure of at least 200 bar, preferably 300 bar, or at a maximum pressure without exceeding the recommended pressure limit of the reservoir of inert driving gas (102). Additionally, the system has a second reservoir (110) containing the anti-fire liquid substance (113) equivalent to a clean extinguishing agent, at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure.
  • the fire protection system is activated by the main pressure regulator (103), with the main solenoid valve (104), the assembly being a substantially reduced-size system but ensuring a quick response, ideal for both stationary and mobile installations, all of which are integral parts of the present invention.
  • the fire protection system with at least two substances in addition to the controlled fire prevention apparatus (PAC) that activates upon detecting a critical operating value of the (EES), also includes a controlled fire extinguisher apparatus (EAC) that activates upon detecting an imminent fire value, such as the venting of a battery cell from a battery module.
  • PAC controlled fire prevention apparatus
  • EAC controlled fire extinguisher apparatus
  • the controlled fire extinguishing apparatus (EAC) of the present invention may also contain a in-tank mixer device (108) that can dose and/or calibrate and/or proportionally distribute in aerosol form (154) the anti-fire liquid substance (113) from the reservoir of anti-fire liquid substance (110) connected based on the principle of communicating vessels.
  • a in-tank mixer device (108) that can dose and/or calibrate and/or proportionally distribute in aerosol form (154) the anti-fire liquid substance (113) from the reservoir of anti-fire liquid substance (110) connected based on the principle of communicating vessels.
  • the in-tank mixer device (108) of the present invention which can be a significantly modified compressed air lubricator as a central component, is an integral part of the present invention, combining the anti-fire liquid substance (113) with the inert driving gas (101), transforming them into an aerosol (154) through a connection for equalizing the pressure of the inert gas cushion on the principle of communicating vessels (109) with a interconnected pipeline (112) between the two gas cushions 111 and 109 and another interconnected pipeline in liquid (114) both based on the principle of communicating vessels, for the continuous supply of the in-tank mixer device (108) from the reservoir of anti-fire liquid substance (110).
  • the in-tank mixer device (108) is significantly modified from other known devices, which operate on principles such as injection, pumping, suction through pressure-driven flow, based on the aerosol principle, spray, Hydrostatic Head (HH), i.e., a liquid from an upper container that can have higher pressure due to its greater height, causing the liquid to flow into the lower container, or other known dosing and mixing systems, which can also be based on the principle of the so-called adjustable flow pneumatic lubricator, proposed in the present invention, with at least a mixer property, which in turn doses the liquid substance sprayed into an aerosol.
  • the in-tank mixer device (108) can be driven by the inert driving gas (101) or another known external energy source, but this device is an integral part of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned reservoir of anti-fire liquid substance (110) contains the antifire liquid substance (113), a interconnected pipeline between the two inert gas cushions (112), and a liquid interconnected pipeline between the two communicating vessels (114), allowing for the continuous supply of the anti-fire liquid substance (113) to the mixing device in the in-tank mixer device (108) for its transformation into an aerosol (154).
  • the system of the present invention may also include a pressure reducer/regulator in the circuit and/or in each of the circuits to manage the driving pressure and apply the necessary pressure to the prevention or mixing circuit based on the result and/or substances used, such as N2 preventively injected at 3 bar and/or a mixture of N2 with Novec fire extinguisher injected at 3 bar with actuator and injection, and/or a mixture of N2 with Novec at 8 bar with actuator and injection, to which evacuation, suction, drainage systems, but not limited to these, assemblies, and sub-assemblies can also be applied and/or added as an integral part of the present invention.
  • a pressure reducer/regulator in the circuit and/or in each of the circuits to manage the driving pressure and apply the necessary pressure to the prevention or mixing circuit based on the result and/or substances used, such as N2 preventively injected at 3 bar and/or a mixture of N2 with Novec fire extinguisher injected at 3 bar with actuator and injection, and/or
  • the inert driving gas (101) and/or the outlet with mixture of anti-fire substance (115) from the in-tank mixer device (108) are transported through dedicated circuits directly into the battery module (120) via the actuator and injector system (121).
  • the actuator and injector system (121) can be represented by a piston in a cylinder, which is significantly modified to become an injector actuator in the battery module (120), with its components described further.
  • the actuator and injector system (121) may include a rod actuator piston (141) mounted in a multiport injectors cylinder (142) that utilizes the power of the inert driving gas (101) through intake of multiport injectors cylinder (151) and forcibly opens the hatches (122) / (128) by actuating piston-driven hatch actuator (144).
  • (121) which is an integral part of the present invention, becomes an injector through at least one but preferably three (143a) / (143b) / (143c) orifices, positioned in three axes, behaving like a sprayer after the rod actuator piston (141) translates to the opening stroke of the orifices, ensuring optimal injection of the inert driving gas (101) from the controled prevention apparatus (PAC) and/or the mixture of inert driving gas with the anti-fire liquid substance (113) from the fire extinguisher apparatus (EAC), with the three holes ensuring the spread of the extinguishing agent, so that the sprayed substances reach uniformly inside the battery module (120).
  • PAC controled prevention apparatus
  • EAC fire extinguisher apparatus
  • the present fire protection system can also be equipped with a hatch or multiple hatches, which, through the translational motion of the rod actuator piston (141), pushes the piston-driven hatch actuator (144) attached to the piston, opening the battery module hatch
  • the battery module hatch (122) and rack hatch (128) are designed, based on mechanical, magnetic, and gravitational principles, to remain closed and be opened by the actuator and injector system (121) which operates them in a chain from the battery module hatch (122) to the rack hatch (128) by hooking onto them and opening gravitationally.
  • the module evacuation flow (123) After the opening of the traps mentioned above, there is a circulation of fire extinguishing substances and smoke, referred to as the module evacuation flow (123), transferred outside the module through the controlled exhaust flow (138).
  • This phenomenon is due to the battery module cover (126) fixed above the battery cells, represented by the heat-resistant glass (replacing 126) in the test in Fig 7. Due to the chosen construction solution, the battery module cover (126) opposes all the discharge valves of the battery cells, and in case of discharge, forms the discharge blast wave of the battery cell (127), representing the primary source of pressure detection and explosion identification.
  • the circulation of fire and smoke substances is directed through the main suction column of the battery modules (152), with dual functionality, which channels the flow of smoke through a suction apparatus (148), connected to a vacuum absorber (125), followed by an exhaust apparatus (149).
  • the main suction column of the battery modules (152) can have dual functionality, explained as follows: the first being the channeling of the smoke flow from inside any battery module (120) to the outside of the (EES) container (130) through a suction apparatus (148), connected to a vacuum absorber (125), followed by an exhaust apparatus (149), and the second functionality being the flooding of the battery modules (120) from the firefighters' water source outside the (EES) container (130) of the battery modules (120) comprising intake of water during firefighting operation (131), selectable inlet/outlet valve (129), and the evacuation apparatus with reversible flooding function (153), so that the main suction column of the battery modules (152) and the evacuation apparatus with reversible flooding function (153) ensure the evacuation function from the module to the outside and flooding from the intake of water during firefighting operation (131) to the modules.
  • the actuator and injector system (121), hatches (122) and (128) module and rack exhaust apparatus (147), suction apparatus (148), and exhaust apparatus (149) operate on mechanical, gravitational, and magnetic principles, except for the vacuum absorber (125) which is electrically powered from a UPS with a voltage of 12 / 60 V DC, preferably 24V, but not limited to these voltages.
  • the vacuum cleaner turbine is electrically isolated.
  • the Fire Protection System for Electric Energy Storage (EES) Systems may also be equipped with a drainage system (145), which may include: a set of dedicated fluid transport pipes for the (EES) container (130) connected from the exhaust apparatus (149) to the main drainage column (133), where each separate (EES) container (130) can be connected to the main drainage column (133) to ensure the efficient removal of combustible substances through water recirculated through the intake line of the drainage column (137), a backflow prevention device, which may consist of a elbow-shaped backflow prevention device (132) and a one-way directional valve (134), a collecting reservoir (135) serving as an accumulation reservoir for residues or combustible and polluting substances to prevent their release into the external environment, and a recirculation drainage pump (136) allowing the reuse of water from the collection tank by pumping it back into the drainage system.
  • a drainage system 145
  • the Fire Protection System for the Electric Energy Storage (EES) System may also be equipped with a detection and data transmission system (146) comprising: a group of temperature sensors (which can be Tl, T2) and/or transmitters and/or transducers, appropriately positioned at the battery module level, a group of pressure, vibration, or shock sensors (which can be Pl, P2, P3, SI, VI) and/or transmitters and/or transducers installed and dedicated in the battery module for monitoring internal pressure, and a group of flammable/combustible gas detectors (which can be Hl) and/or transmitters and/or transducers arranged inside the battery modules, so that all sensor groups continuously transmit data from the monitored object to the data acquisition and control system (CS).
  • a detection and data transmission system comprising: a group of temperature sensors (which can be Tl, T2) and/or transmitters and/or transducers, appropriately positioned at the battery module level, a group of pressure, vibration, or shock sensors (which can be Pl, P2, P3, SI, VI) and/
  • the present invention proposes a Fire Protection System for the Electric Energy Storage (EES) System controlled, as based on the detection and data transmission system (146), the systems, devices, and component devices are controlled by the data acquisition and control system (CS) in real-time for prevention, extinguishing, evacuation, drainage, and spreading the action from one battery module to a plurality of battery modules up to the entire (EES) container (130), depending on fire propagation, all through controlled management of the inert driving gas source and the UPS powering the vacuum cleaner with a current of 12 / 60 V DC, preferably 24V, which in turn can power the detection and data transmission system (146) and the data acquisition and control system (CS).
  • EES Electric Energy Storage
  • the data acquisition and control system (CS) mentioned earlier is an integral part of the present invention and may include: a data acquisition system from the detection and data transmission system (146) and an execution system, which triggers the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC) upon detecting at least one critical value received from the detection device, or triggers the controlled fire protection apparatus (EAC) upon detecting at least one imminent value received from the detection device.
  • PAC controlled prevention apparatus
  • EAC controlled fire protection apparatus
  • the data acquisition and control system can perform the following actions: switch between the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC) and the controlled fire protection apparatus (EAC), switch circuits between the low-pressure circuit and the high-pressure circuit, respectively trigger the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC) or trigger the controlled fire protection apparatus (EAC), start the vacuum absorber (125) and/or the recirculation drainage pump (136), carry out intermittent action of either the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC) or the controlled fire protection apparatus (EAC) to manage the allocated resources of the (EES) container (130) during intervention, from the reservoir of inert driving gas (102) or the reservoir of anti-fire liquid substance (110).
  • PAC controlled prevention apparatus
  • EAC controlled fire protection apparatus
  • the Fire Protection System for the Electric Energy Storage (EES) System is triggered, leading to at least one thermal and/or physical and/or chemical reaction, being an integral part of the present invention and representing innovative and significant solutions presented further.
  • the thermal reaction can be additional/forced cooling of the cells inside the battery modules by inert driving gas and/or a mixture of fire-retardant substance in aerosol form, injected directly above and among the battery cells.
  • the physical reaction can be pushing and suction for the evacuation and replacement of oxygen and/or flammable gases directly above and among the battery cells inside the module, by injecting inert driving gas (101) and/or a mixture of inert driving gas with anti-fire liquid substance (113).
  • the chemical reaction can occur when a battery cell vents, producing H2 and other derived combustible gases that react with N2 injected by the electric system's fire protection system, resulting in the formation in the first phase of N2 + H2 — NH3 at the critical temperature (greater than) 132.22°C, and its outcome is passed through the drainage system, being water-soluble, resulting in the second phase NH3 (aq) + H2O (1) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) where ammonium hydroxide (NH40H) is significantly less flammable and soluble compared to hydrogen (H2) and/or other flammable gases resulting from the explosion of one or more battery cells.
  • NH40H ammonium hydroxide
  • EES electric energy system
  • the data acquisition and control system (CS) activates the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC) and simultaneously primes the controlled fire protection apparatus (EAC) upon receiving a previously mentioned critical value, by equalizing the pressure and the level of the liquid fire retardant substance between the two communicating vessels 108 and 110, creating the initial conditions for aerosol production;
  • PAC controlled prevention apparatus
  • EAC controlled fire protection apparatus
  • the control system (CS) by opening the circuit of the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC), the inert driving gas (101) propels the rod actuator piston (141) from the multiport injectors cylinder (142) which opens the hatches (122) and (128) and disperses in the battery cell module compartment to push and replace the oxygen inside, simultaneous with suction; - after opening the hatches, the control system (CS) performs intermittent action by injecting the inert driving gas (101) to conserve its resources, keeping the module enclosure oxygen-free and at a low temperature, and to mitigate the thermal spread from the compromised cell to the other cells in the module;
  • PAC controlled prevention apparatus
  • the system executes modulation commands through pulses (PWM) to power the vacuum absorber (125) to correlate its suction flow, preferably in real-time, throughout the process;
  • PWM pulses
  • the pressure wave is detected by the detection and data transmission system (146), which transmits these data in real-time to the data acquisition and control system (CS), opens (EAC) simultaneous with the dedicated circuit of the affected battery module, and the mixture of anti-fire liquid substance in aerosol form (154) is injected at the fuel source directly into the affected battery module;
  • the resulting gases are channeled through the main suction column of the battery modules (152), towards the exterior of the container through the exhaust apparatus (149), to the drainage system (145), where the chemical reaction resulting from the phase in which the battery cell has vented, producing H2 and other combustible derivative gases, will take place in Phase 2, transforming them into a form with significantly reduced flammability for the elimination of the risk of propagation from one (EES) container (130) to another, and protecting the environment.
  • EES controlled fire extinguisher apparatus
  • the previous method is not limited to the order of steps, as not all are essential, but they can be complemented by at least one redundant method that, by detecting a critical value of temperature (by Tl, T2) and/or pressure (by Pl, P2, P3), and/or combustible gas, vibration or shock (by Hl, SI, VI), will open all traps from all battery modules in the entire (EES) and will open all circuits through which the inert driving gas with anti-fire mixture is injected with a generalized action of systems, apparatuses, and devices.
  • a critical value of temperature by Tl, T2
  • Pl, P2, P3 by Pl, P2, P3
  • Hl, SI, VI combustible gas, vibration or shock
  • the system has reduced dimensions and weight that allow for the application and/or installation of the fire protection system in small mobile or fixed enclosures, which can be attached or integrated into battery modules in the electric vehicles / ships / aircraft industry representing a high-demand fire protection application for batteries but not limited to them, a fire protection system that is an integral part of the present invention with the mentioned applications and integrations.
  • the reduced dimensions and the application of the extinguishing agent directly at the source allow for the installation of the fire protection system close to the source of the fire, reducing response time through quick triggering, reducing the dimensions of the pipes and tubes from the reservoir and/or mixing by the dosing device to the actuator piston rod or injection at the hearth and/or reactor of flammable and/or combustible and/or fire substances, reducing fire spread through the listed elements, representing an integral part of the present invention.
  • the safety of an entire rack of modules or a container can be ensured by using a single reservoir of inert driving gas (102) and a single reservoir of anti-fire liquid substance (110), triggered by temperature, pressure, gas, shock, or vibration sensors (which can be Tl, T2, Pl, P2, P3, Hl, SI, VI), placed in each module, which are an integral part of the present invention.
  • the fire protection system in this invention can also be equipped with a visual and auditory alarm system to alert personnel in the area, as well as to more accurately locate the fire.
  • a fire has been caused by destroying a battery using an external heating source
  • the pictures show the phases of fire intervention.
  • Pre-fire phase the temperature sensors indicate its increase and the fire protection system is triggered by the intermittent release of propellant inert gas with the aim of: activating the exhaust circuit (falling of hatches), cooling the premises and pushing oxygen out from the battery module.
  • the supply hose of the rod actuator piston comes from the output circuit of the anti-fire protection system and injection of inert propellant gas and/or inert propellant gas mixture with the anti-fire substance in liquid state.
  • the fire protection system has been designed to work in such a way as to eliminate from the protected and sealed environment of a battery module, the two elements that sustain combustion: high temperature and oxygen, taking into account the following aspects:
  • Temperature, pressure, gas, shock or vibration sensors which can be Tl, T2, Pl, P2, P3, Hl, SI, VI
  • transmitters and transducers which are located inside the battery module / rack / (EES) / servers / electric machines permanently transmit data to the data detection and transmission system, mounted near the battery support / rack / servers.
  • the data acquisition and control system receives data from the data detection and transmission system and compares the obtained values, which include battery data and ambient data, with preset reference values. Analyze and determine if an event has occurred.
  • PHASE 1 When the temperature rises above the preset limit: the solenoid valve that controls the output of the inert driving gas cylinder is activated and CS sends the command to open the controlled prevention apparatus (PAC), so that inert driving gas is released intermittently at low pressure by means of the pressure regulator, by controlling the solenoid valves, with the purpose of activating the exhaust circuit by dropping the hatches, for cooling the premises and removing oxygen or other flammable gases from the circuit.
  • the system sends inert driving gas (nitrogen - N2) at certain time intervals with the purpose of cooling the element / elements that release the heat. At the same time, it turns on: the fire alarm, the resulting smoke exhaust system, and automatically cuts off the electrical power supply to the protected device. The system works until the temperature drops below the preset intervention value.
  • this intervention phase also refers to the avoidance of a potential danger of explosion as a result of an accumulation of flammable gas emitted by the batteries, as a result of the increase in temperature, before the ignition of the gaseous mixture, to avoid accumulations in the form of gas pockets, measure the fall of the hatches and the evacuation of flammable gases outside with the help of the absorbent vacuum cleaner. If the measures taken in this phase are not sufficient and a fire breaks out, or a battery cell discharges, proceed to PHASE 2.
  • PHASE 2 When a fire occurs or if a battery cell discharges, temperature, pressure, gas, shock or vibration sensors (which can be Tl, T2, Pl, P2, P3, Hl, SI, VI) transmit a massive increase in of the measured values and triggers the start of the controlled fire protection apparatus (EAC).
  • EAC controlled fire protection apparatus
  • the CS is programmed to open the solenoid valves through the control relays, and release inert driving gas (N2), at high pressure, on a secondary circuit, different from the circuit in PHASE 1, which contains an in-tank mixer, and which combines the inert driving gas with a clean extinguishing agent (including, but not limited to NOVEC), turns it into aerosols and sprays it above the fire by means of a rod actuator piston which, after being actuated, becomes an injector cylinder with several holes.
  • a rod actuator piston which, after being actuated, becomes an injector cylinder with several holes.
  • the fire alarm goes on, the resulting smoke exhaust system removes oxygen from the room and automatically cuts off the electrical power supply to the protected device.
  • the system releases the inert gas and the extinguishing agent until the total exhaustion of the inert gas (N2), which is also the driving of the firefighting system.
  • the fire protection system is powered by a 12 V / 60 V UPS source, preferably 24 V, to which the (CS) system is connected and which provides power to the solenoid valves, which can be powered at 12 V / 24 V, but not limited to these values.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de protection incendie pour des systèmes d'énergie électrique SEE, comprenant : un système de protection incendie à au moins deux substances MSFSS avec ou sans appareil de prévention commandé PAC et un appareil extincteur commandé EAC contenant au moins deux composants : un gaz propulseur inerte (102) et une substance anti-incendie, de préférence sous forme liquide (113), transformés en aérosol par le mélangeur en cuve (108) et propulsés par le principe de vases reliés au réservoir (110), représentant un agent d'extinction injecté directement au niveau de la source d'incendie par l'intermédiaire d'un système d'actionneur et d'injecteur, puis évacué par l'intermédiaire d'un système de trappes et de circuit de fumée par l'intermédiaire d'un système de drainage, lesquels sont commandés par un système de détection et de transmission de données et un système d'acquisition et de contrôle de données, la prévention étant effectuée par remplacement de l'air et refroidissement, et l'action anti-incendie étant réalisée par extinction et évacuation directement à partir de la source à l'intérieur d'un module de batterie et/ou d'un équipement électrique.
PCT/RO2024/050003 2024-04-09 2024-04-18 Système de protection incendie pour systèmes d'énergie électrique (see) WO2024117924A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RO202400165 2024-04-09
ROA202400165 2024-04-09

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WO2024117924A2 true WO2024117924A2 (fr) 2024-06-06

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023113632A2 (fr) 2023-04-27 2023-06-22 Raul Ioan Risco Module de batterie et bâti de stockage d'énergie
WO2023136737A2 (fr) 2022-06-20 2023-07-20 Raul Ioan Risco Élément de batterie avec électrode, collecteur électriquement et thermiquement conducteur, avec échangeur de chaleur interne et externe

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023136737A2 (fr) 2022-06-20 2023-07-20 Raul Ioan Risco Élément de batterie avec électrode, collecteur électriquement et thermiquement conducteur, avec échangeur de chaleur interne et externe
WO2023113632A2 (fr) 2023-04-27 2023-06-22 Raul Ioan Risco Module de batterie et bâti de stockage d'énergie

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