WO2024109162A1 - Procédé de commande de démarrage à froid pour empilement de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de commande de démarrage à froid pour empilement de piles à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024109162A1
WO2024109162A1 PCT/CN2023/111148 CN2023111148W WO2024109162A1 WO 2024109162 A1 WO2024109162 A1 WO 2024109162A1 CN 2023111148 W CN2023111148 W CN 2023111148W WO 2024109162 A1 WO2024109162 A1 WO 2024109162A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
oxidant
fuel cell
cell stack
stoichiometric ratio
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PCT/CN2023/111148
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴坤
邵恒
唐厚闻
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上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024109162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024109162A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, for example, a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack.
  • Fuel cell stack cold start control is an important part of fuel cell control strategy, and fuel cell stack cold start performance is a key indicator of fuel cell applicability in low temperature environment.
  • the startup problem of proton exchange membrane fuel cells has not been completely solved, and there is no systematic explanation of the method and control strategy for low temperature unassisted self-starting of fuel cell stacks.
  • CN103825037A discloses a fuel cell cold start rapid heating system, including a hydrogen delivery pipeline and a fuel cell stack.
  • the hydrogen delivery pipeline delivers hydrogen to the flow channel on the anode side of the fuel cell stack.
  • the system also includes a heater, a thermometer and a battery control system; the heater is arranged on the hydrogen delivery pipeline and is arranged to heat the hydrogen; the thermometer is arranged inside the fuel cell stack and is arranged to measure the temperature of the stack; the data acquisition end of the battery control system is connected to the thermometer, and the output end is connected to the heater, and the heater is turned on and off according to the temperature inside the stack measured by the thermometer.
  • CN113707904A discloses a self-heating fuel cell vehicle cold start heater and a heating method.
  • the heater includes a self-heating agent tank body, the inner cavity of the self-heating agent tank body is filled with self-heating agent powder, and the self-heating agent tank body is provided with an air inlet connected to an air compressor.
  • the self-heating agent powder undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with the air entering through the air inlet to generate a large amount of heat, thereby realizing rapid heating of the components that need to be heated during the cold start process.
  • the above patent uses auxiliary heating to achieve cold start, which requires the addition of components such as heaters, increasing the complexity and cost of the system.
  • CN114188570A discloses a cold start method, device and vehicle for a fuel cell stack, the method comprising: after completing shutdown purge, introducing hydrogen into the anode inlet of the stack based on a first preset parameter, and introducing oxygen into the cathode inlet of the stack. Gas. If it is detected that the minimum voltage and the average voltage of the battery in the stack meet the first preset condition, the first current is loaded to the stack step by step according to the preset current density gradient.
  • the detected minimum voltage and the average voltage meet the second preset condition
  • hydrogen is introduced into the anode inlet of the stack based on the second preset parameter
  • oxygen is introduced into the cathode inlet of the stack
  • the second current of the target current density value is loaded into the stack.
  • the detected minimum voltage and the average voltage meet the third preset condition, and the detected temperature of the coolant outlet of the stack is within the preset temperature range, the cold start of the stack is completed.
  • the above-mentioned method of loading multiple current density gradients increases the repeatability of the control strategy and the start-up time is long.
  • the method of heating the hydrogen and oxygen reactions on the same side is also prone to cause permanent damage to the fuel cell stack.
  • the above-mentioned cold start method cannot adaptively adjust the stoichiometric ratio of fuel and oxidant according to the actual cold start state, resulting in waste of fuel and oxidant, and reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell stack system.
  • the above method requires that the water content range in the fuel cell stack is small when the fuel cell stack is cold started at low temperature, which cannot meet the actual state of the fuel cell stack shutdown cold start, easily causing cold start failure and lack of protection for the fuel cell stack.
  • the present application provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, which reduces redundant control programs, is easy to implement, and does not require external auxiliary heating, thereby simplifying the system structure and reducing system costs.
  • the present application provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, the cold start control method comprising:
  • the fuel cell stack loading current is controlled. If the stack temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, the fuel cell stack cold start is successful.
  • the cold start control method comprises the following steps:
  • the stack is loaded with current to a second current density C 1 ;
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG2 is a flow chart of a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack provided in one embodiment of the present application
  • FIG3 is a cold start control curve diagram of fuel provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a cold start control curve diagram of an oxidant provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cold start control device for a fuel cell stack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, as shown in FIG1 , the cold start control method comprising:
  • the present application provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, which reduces redundant control programs, shortens the loading time of the stack cold start, and does not require external auxiliary heating, thereby simplifying the structure of the system and reducing the cost of the system.
  • the present application determines the optimal fuel metering ratio and the optimal oxidant metering ratio according to the cold start control curve, which can effectively improve the use efficiency of fuel and oxidant and the success rate of cold start, and widen the range of water content in the stack during cold start of the stack, thereby improving the applicability of the fuel cell stack in winter and cold areas.
  • the cold start control curve diagram (MAP diagram) of the present application is a relationship diagram between the temperature, high-frequency impedance and raw material stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell stack.
  • the cold start control curve diagram includes a relationship diagram between temperature, high-frequency impedance and fuel stoichiometric ratio, and a relationship diagram between temperature, high-frequency impedance and oxidant stoichiometric ratio.
  • the optimal fuel stoichiometric ratio and the optimal oxidant stoichiometric ratio determined according to the cold start control curve are the minimum fuel stoichiometric ratio and the minimum oxidant stoichiometric ratio required for the cold start of the fuel stack. Increasing the stoichiometric ratio of fuel and oxidant on this basis can improve the success rate of cold start. However, considering factors such as raw material costs, the increased stoichiometric ratio is limited.
  • the method for obtaining the cold start control curve for the fuel stoichiometric ratio is as follows: keep the oxidant stoichiometric ratio and the cold start temperature constant, change the water content of the stack to change the initial impedance of the stack, and then collect the minimum fuel stoichiometric ratio required for a successful cold start of the stack under different initial impedances. After the data is aggregated, a curve at a certain temperature is obtained, and then the cold start temperature is changed for multiple tests to obtain a cold start control curve for the fuel stoichiometric ratio.
  • the cold start control curve for the oxidant stoichiometric ratio can be obtained in the same way.
  • the cold start control method includes the following steps.
  • Step 1 Set the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 , the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 and the first current density C 0 of the fuel cell stack during cold start, and proceed to step 2.
  • step 1 is a preparatory action before cold start.
  • Step 2 Obtain the initial temperature T 0 and initial impedance H 0 of the fuel stack, query the cold start control curve diagram according to the initial temperature T 0 and initial impedance H 0 , obtain the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 .
  • Step 3 Set the stack loading current rate V 0 and load the current, obtain the loading current density, and proceed to step 4 for logical judgment.
  • Step 4 Determine whether the acquired current density is greater than or equal to the first current density C 0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 9 .
  • Step 9 Set the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and proceed to step 10 .
  • Step 10 Load the stack with current to a second current density C 1 , and proceed to step 11 .
  • Step 11 Get the temperature of the battery stack and go to step 12 for logical judgment.
  • Step 12 Determine whether the temperature of the battery stack is greater than or equal to the preset temperature. If the judgment result is yes, the battery stack cold start is successful.
  • the initial impedance H0 is the initial high-frequency impedance of the battery stack.
  • step 4 if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 5 for logical judgment.
  • Step 5 Determine whether the average single-chip voltage is greater than the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 and the minimum single-chip voltage is greater than the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 during the loading process. If the judgment result is yes, return to step 3; if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 6.
  • the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 and the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 in step 5 are determined in real time during the loading process. That is, step 3 and step 5 can be executed at the same time.
  • Step 6 Run stably at the current density described in step 3, and record the stabilization time S 1 , and proceed to step 7 for logic judgment.
  • Step 7 Determine whether the stabilization time S1 is less than the protection time S0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 5 for logic determination. If the determination result is no, proceed to step 8.
  • Step 8 Set the fuel metering ratio increment ⁇ F and the oxidant metering ratio increment ⁇ O, and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the increased fuel metering ratio and oxidant metering ratio, and proceed to step 5 for logical judgment.
  • step 5 also includes the step of obtaining the average single-chip voltage and the minimum single-chip voltage of the battery stack; after obtaining the average single-chip voltage and the minimum single-chip voltage of the battery stack, logical judgment is performed.
  • the present application sets a voltage protection strategy, which increases the fuel metering ratio/oxidant metering ratio in step 8 to prevent cold start failure caused by too low single-chip voltage or low overall average voltage during cold start, improve the voltage consistency of the stack during cold start, protect the performance of the fuel cell stack, and increase its service life.
  • steps 3 to 8 may be continuously cycled until the target current density C 0 is loaded.
  • step 12 if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 13.
  • Step 13 Stable operation at the second current density C1 for a preset time, and then proceed to step 11.
  • the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 is 0.2-0.5V, for example, 0.2V, 0.25V, 0.3V, 0.35V, 0.4V, 0.45V or 0.5V.
  • the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U1 is -0.2 to 0.1V, for example, it can be -0.2V, -0.15V, -0.1V, -0.05V, 0V, 0.05V or 0.1V.
  • the first current density C 0 is 0.4-0.65 A/cm 2 , for example, 0.4 A/cm 2 , 0.42 A/cm 2 , 0.45 A/cm 2 , 0.47 A /cm 2 , 0.5 A/cm 2 , 0.52 A/cm 2 , 0.55 A/cm 2 , 0.57 A/cm 2 , 0.6 A/cm 2 , 0.62 A/cm 2 or 0.65 A/cm 2 , etc.
  • the initial temperature T 0 is -30 to -5°C, for example, -30°C, -25°C, -20°C, -15°C, -10°C or -5°C.
  • the pressure of the introduced fuel is 70-100 kPag, for example, 70 kPag, 75 kPag, 80 kPag, 85 kPag, 90 kPag, 95 kPag or 100 kPag.
  • the pressure of the introduced oxidant is 60-90 kPag, for example, 60 kPag, 65 kPag, 70 kPag, 75 kPag, 80 kPag, 85 kPag or 90 kPag.
  • the rate V0 of the loading current in step 3 is 10-20 A/s, for example, it can be 10 A/s, 11 A/s, 12 A/s, 13 A/s, 14 A/s, 15 A/s, 16 A/s, 17 A/s, 18 A/s, 19 A/s or 20 A/s, etc.
  • the protection time S0 is 5 to 30 seconds, for example, it may be 5 seconds, 7 seconds, 10 seconds, 12 seconds, 15 seconds, 17 seconds, 20 seconds, 22 seconds, 25 seconds, 27 seconds or 30 seconds.
  • the protection time is the minimum single-chip protection time.
  • the fuel metering ratio increment ⁇ F is 0.1-0.3, for example, it may be 0.1, 0.12, 0.15, 0.17, 0.2, 0.22, 0.25, 0.27 or 0.3.
  • the oxidant stoichiometric ratio increment ⁇ O is 0.2 to 0.5, for example, it may be 0.2, 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.3, 0.32, 0.35, 0.37, 0.4, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47 or 0.5, etc.
  • the increment of the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 is 0.1-0.3 to increase the amount of fuel used; compared with the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , the increment of the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 is 0.2-0.5 to increase the amount of oxidant used.
  • the fuel metering ratio F1 is 1.2 to 1.8, for example, it can be 1.2, 1.25, 1.3, 1.35, 1.4, 1.45, 1.5, 1.55, 1.6, 1.65, 1.7, 1. or 1.8, etc.
  • the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O1 is 2.0 to 2.5, for example, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.15, 2.2, 2.25, 2.3, 2.35, 2.4, 2.45 or 2.5, etc.
  • the pressure of the incoming fuel is 100-140 kPag, for example, 100 kPag, 105 kPag, 110 kPag, 115 kPag, 120 kPag, 125 kPag, 130 kPag, 135 kPag or 140 kPag.
  • the pressure of the oxidant introduced is 80-120 kPag, for example, 80 kPag, 85 kPag, 90 kPag, 95 kPag, 100 kPag, 105 kPag, 110 kPag, 115 kPag or 120 kPag.
  • the second current density C1 is 0.6-0.8 A/ cm2 , for example, 0.6 A/ cm2 , 0.62 A/ cm2 , 0.65 A / cm2 , 0.67 A/cm2, 0.7 A/ cm2 , 0.72 A/ cm2 , 0.75 A/ cm2 , 0.78 A/ cm2 , 0.8 A/ cm2 , etc.
  • the rate of loading current in step 10 is 10-20 A/s, which can be 10 A/s, 11 A/s, 12 A/s, 13 A/s, 14 A/s, 15 A/s, 16 A/s, 17 A/s, 18 A/s, 19 A/s or 20 A/s, etc.
  • the preset temperature is 50-60°C, for example, it may be 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C or 60°C.
  • the present application provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, which reduces redundant control programs, shortens the loading time of the stack cold start, and does not require external auxiliary heating, thereby simplifying the structure of the system and reducing the cost of the system.
  • the present application determines the optimal fuel metering ratio and the optimal oxidant metering ratio according to the cold start control curve, which can effectively improve the use efficiency of fuel and oxidant and the success rate of cold start, and widen the range of water content in the stack during cold start of the stack, thereby improving the applicability of the fuel cell stack in winter and cold areas.
  • the present application provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, and the cold start control method includes the following steps (as shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • Step 1 Set the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 (0.2-0.5V), the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 (-0.2-0.1V) and the first current density C 0 (0.4-0.65A/cm 2 ) of the fuel cell stack during cold start, and then proceed to step 2.
  • Step 2 Obtain the initial temperature T 0 (-30 to -5°C) and initial impedance H 0 of the fuel stack, query the cold start control curve diagram (MAP diagram) according to the initial temperature T 0 and the initial impedance H 0 , obtain the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , and based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , introduce fuel (pressure of 70 to 100 kPag) and oxidant (pressure of 60 to 90 kPag) into the fuel stack.
  • MAP diagram cold start control curve diagram
  • Step 3 Set the rate V 0 (10-20 A/s) of the stack loading current and load the current, obtain the loading current density, and proceed to step 4 for logical judgment.
  • Step 4 Determine whether the acquired current density is greater than or equal to the first current density C 0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 9 . If the determination result is no, proceed to step 5 for logic determination.
  • Step 5 Obtain the average single-chip voltage and the minimum single-chip voltage of the battery stack, and determine whether the average single-chip voltage is greater than the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 and the minimum single-chip voltage is greater than the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 during the loading process. If the judgment result is yes, return to step 3; if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 6.
  • Step 6 Run stably at the current density described in step 3, and record the stabilization time S 1 , then proceed to step 7 Make logical judgments.
  • Step 7 Determine whether the stabilization time S1 is less than the protection time S0 (5-30s). If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 5 for logic determination. If the determination result is no, proceed to step 8.
  • Step 8 Set the fuel metering ratio increment ⁇ F (0.1 ⁇ 0.3) and the oxidant metering ratio increment ⁇ O (0.2 ⁇ 0.5), and based on the increased fuel metering ratio and oxidant metering ratio, introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack, and proceed to step 5 for logical judgment.
  • Step 9 Set the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 (1.2-1.8) and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 (2.0-2.5), and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and proceed to step 10.
  • Step 10 Load the stack with current to a second current density C 1 (0.6-0.8 A/cm 2 ) at a rate of 10-20 A/s, and proceed to step 11 .
  • Step 11 Get the temperature of the battery stack and go to step 12 for logical judgment.
  • Step 12 Determine whether the stack temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature (50-60°C). If the judgment result is yes, the stack cold start is successful; if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 13.
  • Step 13 Stable operation at the second current density C1 for a preset time, and then proceed to step 11.
  • This embodiment provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, comprising the following steps.
  • Step 1 Set the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 (0.4V), the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 (0.2V) and the first current density C 0 (0.6A/cm 2 ) of the fuel cell stack during cold start, and proceed to step 2.
  • Step 2 Obtain the initial temperature T 0 (-20°C) and initial impedance H 0 of the fuel stack, query Figure 3 according to the initial temperature T 0 and initial impedance H 0 to obtain the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 , query Figure 4 to obtain the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , and introduce fuel (pressure is 90 kPag) and oxidant (pressure is 70 kPag) into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 .
  • fuel pressure is 90 kPag
  • oxidant pressure is 70 kPag
  • Step 3 Set the stack loading current rate V 0 (20A/s) and load the current, obtain the loading current density, and proceed to step 4 for logical judgment.
  • Step 4 Determine whether the acquired current density is greater than or equal to the first current density C 0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 9 .
  • Step 9 Set the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 (1.5) and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 (2.1), and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and proceed to step 10.
  • Step 10 Load the stack with current to a second current density C 1 (0.8 A/cm 2 ) at a rate of 20 A/s, and proceed to step 11 .
  • Step 11 Get the temperature of the battery stack and go to step 12 for logical judgment.
  • Step 12 Determine whether the stack temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature (50°C). If the judgment result is yes, the stack cold start is successful; if the judgment result is no, go to step 13; if the initial judgment result is no, go to step 13.
  • Step 13 Run stably at the second current density C1 for a preset time (60s), enter step 11, obtain the temperature of the battery stack and judge it in step 12. If the judgment result is yes, the battery stack cold start is successful.
  • This embodiment provides a cold start control method for a fuel cell stack, comprising the following steps.
  • Step 1 Set the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 (0.2V), the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 (-0.1V) and the first current density C 0 (0.5A/cm 2 ) of the fuel cell stack during cold start, and then proceed to step 2.
  • Step 2 Obtain the initial temperature T 0 (-30°C) and initial impedance H 0 of the fuel stack, query Figure 3 according to the initial temperature T 0 and initial impedance H 0 to obtain the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 , query Figure 4 to obtain the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , and introduce fuel (pressure of 100 kPag) and oxidant (pressure of 80 kPag) into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 .
  • fuel pressure of 100 kPag
  • oxidant pressure of 80 kPag
  • Step 3 Set the stack loading current rate V 0 (10A/s) and load the current, obtain the loading current density, and proceed to step 4 for logical judgment.
  • Step 4 Determine whether the acquired current density is greater than or equal to the first current density C 0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 9 . If the determination result is no, proceed to step 5 for logic determination. If the initial determination result is no, proceed to step 5 .
  • Step 5 Obtain the average single-chip voltage and the minimum single-chip voltage of the battery stack, and determine whether the average single-chip voltage is greater than the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 and the minimum single-chip voltage is greater than the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 during the loading process. If the judgment result is yes, return to step 3; if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 6.
  • Step 6 Run stably at the current density in step 3, record the stabilization time S 1 , and proceed to step 7 for logic judgment.
  • Step 7 Determine whether the stabilization time S1 is less than the protection time S0 (15s). If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 5 for logic determination. If the determination result is no, proceed to step 8.
  • Step 8 Set the fuel metering ratio increment ⁇ F (0.2) and the oxidant metering ratio increment ⁇ O (0.3), and based on the increased fuel metering ratio and oxidant metering ratio, introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack, and proceed to step 5 for logical judgment.
  • Step 9 Set the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 (1.6) and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 (2.2), and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and proceed to step 10.
  • Step 10 Load the stack with current to a second current density C 1 (0.7 A/cm 2 ) at a rate of 10 A/s, and proceed to step 11 .
  • Step 11 Get the temperature of the battery stack and go to step 12 for logical judgment.
  • Step 12 Determine whether the stack temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature (50°C). If the judgment result is yes, the stack cold start is successful; if the judgment result is no, go to step 13; if the initial judgment result is no, go to step 13.
  • Step 13 Run stably at the second current density C1 for a preset time (80s), enter step 11, obtain the temperature and then judge in step 12. If the judgment result is yes, the stack cold start is successful.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cold start control device for a fuel cell stack provided in an embodiment of the present application. This embodiment can be applied to the case of cold start control of a fuel cell stack.
  • the device can be implemented by software and/or hardware and can be integrated into electronic devices such as terminals.
  • the device may include the following modules.
  • the fuel and oxidant control module 210 is configured to obtain an initial temperature and an initial impedance of the stack, query a cold start control curve chart according to the initial temperature and the initial impedance, obtain a fuel metering ratio and an oxidant metering ratio, and introduce fuel and oxidant into the stack based on the fuel metering ratio and the oxidant metering ratio;
  • the starting module 220 is configured to control the stack loading current. If the stack temperature is greater than or equal to a preset temperature, the stack cold start is successful.
  • the apparatus is configured to perform the following steps:
  • Step 1 Set the average single-chip voltage protection value U 0 , the minimum single-chip voltage protection value U 1 and the first current density C 0 of the fuel cell stack during cold start, and proceed to step 2;
  • Step 2 Obtain the initial temperature T 0 and initial impedance H 0 of the fuel stack, query the cold start control curve diagram according to the initial temperature T 0 and initial impedance H 0 , obtain the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 , and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 0 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 0 ;
  • Step 3 Set the rate V 0 of the stack loading current and load the current, obtain the loading current density, and proceed to step 4 for logical judgment;
  • Step 4 Determine whether the acquired current density is greater than or equal to the first current density C 0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 9 .
  • Step 9 setting the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and introducing the fuel and the oxidant into the fuel stack based on the fuel stoichiometric ratio F 1 and the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 , and proceeding to step 10;
  • Step 10 Load the stack with current to a second current density C 1 , and proceed to step 11;
  • Step 11 Get the temperature of the battery stack and proceed to step 12 for logical judgment
  • Step 12 Determine whether the temperature of the battery stack is greater than or equal to the preset temperature. If the judgment result is yes, the battery stack cold start is successful.
  • step 4 if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 5 for logical judgment;
  • Step 5 Determine whether the average single chip voltage is greater than the average single chip voltage protection value U 0 and the minimum single chip voltage is greater than the minimum single chip voltage protection value U 1 during the loading process. If the determination result is yes, return to step 3. If the determination result is no, proceed to step 6.
  • Step 6 operate stably at the current density described in step 3, and record the stabilization time S 1 , and proceed to step 7 for logic judgment;
  • Step 7 Determine whether the stabilization time S1 is less than the protection time S0 . If the determination result is yes, proceed to step 5 for logic determination. If the determination result is no, proceed to step 8.
  • Step 8 Set the fuel metering ratio increment ⁇ F and the oxidant metering ratio increment ⁇ O, and introduce fuel and oxidant into the fuel stack based on the increased fuel metering ratio and oxidant metering ratio, and proceed to step 5 for logical judgment.
  • step 12 if the judgment result is no, proceed to step 13;
  • Step 13 Stable operation at the second current density C1 for a preset time, and then proceed to step 11.
  • the average single chip voltage protection value U 0 is 0.2 to 0.5 V
  • the minimum single chip voltage protection value U1 is -0.2 to 0.1V
  • the first current density C 0 is 0.4-0.65 A/cm 2 ;
  • the initial temperature T 0 is -30 to -5°C.
  • the pressure of the incoming fuel is 70-100 kPag
  • the pressure of the introduced oxidant is 60-90 kPag.
  • the rate V 0 of the loading current in step 3 is 10-20 A/s;
  • the protection time S 0 is 5 to 30 s
  • the fuel metering ratio increment ⁇ F is 0.1 to 0.3;
  • the oxidant stoichiometric ratio increment ⁇ O is 0.2 to 0.5.
  • the fuel metering ratio F1 is 1.2 to 1.8;
  • the oxidant stoichiometric ratio O 1 is 2.0 to 2.5;
  • the pressure of the incoming fuel is 100-140 kPag;
  • the pressure of the introduced oxidant is 80-120 kPag.
  • the second current density C 1 is 0.6-0.8 A/cm 2 ;
  • the rate of loading current in step 10 is 10-20 A/s.
  • the preset temperature is 50-60°C.
  • the cold start control device for a fuel cell stack provided in this embodiment can execute the cold start control method for a fuel cell stack provided in any embodiment of the present disclosure, and has the corresponding functional modules and effects for executing the cold start control method for a fuel cell stack.
  • the cold start control method for a fuel cell stack provided in any embodiment of the present disclosure please refer to the cold start control method for a fuel cell stack provided in any embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 410 that can be used to implement the embodiment.
  • the electronic device 410 includes at least one processor 411, and a memory connected to the at least one processor 411 in communication, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 412, a random access memory (RAM) 413, etc., wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be executed by at least one processor 411, and the processor 411 can perform a variety of appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the ROM 412 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 418 to the RAM 413.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • the processor 411, the ROM 412, and the RAM 413 are connected to each other through the bus 414.
  • the input/output (I/O) interface 415 is also connected to the bus 414.
  • a number of components in the electronic device 410 are connected to the I/O interface 415, including: an input unit 416, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 417, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 418, such as a disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 419, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc.
  • the communication unit 419 allows the electronic device 410 to exchange information/data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
  • Processor 411 may be a variety of general and/or special processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 411 include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a variety of special artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, a variety of processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 411 performs the multiple methods and processes described above, such as the fuel cell stack. Cold start control method.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • AI special artificial intelligence
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the cold start control method of the fuel cell stack may be implemented as a computer program, which is tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a storage unit 418.
  • part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed on the electronic device 410 via the ROM 412 and/or the communication unit 419.
  • the processor 411 may be configured to perform the cold start control method of the fuel cell stack by any other appropriate means (e.g., by means of firmware).
  • Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard parts (ASSPs), system on chip systems (SOCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof.
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • ASSPs application specific standard parts
  • SOCs system on chip systems
  • CPLDs complex programmable logic devices
  • These various embodiments may include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor that may be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that may receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.
  • a programmable processor that may be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that may receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.
  • the computer programs for implementing the methods of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, so that when the computer programs are executed by the processor, the functions/operations specified in the flow charts and/or block diagrams are implemented.
  • the computer programs may be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine as a stand-alone software package, or entirely on a remote machine or server.
  • a computer readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • a computer readable storage medium may include an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • a computer readable storage medium may be a machine readable signal medium.
  • a machine readable storage medium includes an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, RAM, ROM, an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • Storage The medium may be a non-transitory storage medium.
  • the systems and techniques described herein may be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the electronic device.
  • a display device e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor
  • a keyboard and pointing device e.g., a mouse or trackball
  • Other types of devices may also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).
  • the systems and techniques described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes backend components (e.g., as a data processing server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such backend components, middleware components, or frontend components.
  • the components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), blockchain network, and the Internet.
  • a computing system may include a client and a server.
  • the client and the server are generally remote from each other and usually interact through a communication network.
  • the client and server relationship is generated by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other.
  • the server may be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a host product in the cloud computing service system to solve the defects of difficult management and weak business scalability in traditional physical hosts and virtual private servers (VPS) services.
  • VPN virtual private servers

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Abstract

Procédé de commande de démarrage à froid pour un empilement de piles à combustible. Le procédé de commande de démarrage à froid consiste à : acquérir une température initiale et une impédance initiale d'un empilement de piles à combustible, interroger un graphique de courbe de commande de démarrage à froid en fonction de la température initiale et de l'impédance initiale pour obtenir un rapport de combustible stœchiométrique et un rapport d'oxydant stœchiométrique, et introduire du combustible et un oxydant dans l'empilement de piles à combustible sur la base du rapport de combustible stœchiométrique et du rapport d'oxydant stœchiométrique (S110) ; et commander la charge courante de l'empilement de piles à combustible, et si la température de l'empilement est supérieure ou égale à une température prédéfinie, le démarrage à froid de l'empilement de piles à combustible étant réussi (S120).
PCT/CN2023/111148 2022-11-22 2023-08-04 Procédé de commande de démarrage à froid pour empilement de piles à combustible WO2024109162A1 (fr)

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