WO2024105464A1 - Procédé de commande de l'état d'exécution d'un système de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de commande de l'état d'exécution d'un système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024105464A1
WO2024105464A1 PCT/IB2023/059123 IB2023059123W WO2024105464A1 WO 2024105464 A1 WO2024105464 A1 WO 2024105464A1 IB 2023059123 W IB2023059123 W IB 2023059123W WO 2024105464 A1 WO2024105464 A1 WO 2024105464A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
index
error
ionisation
burner
heating system
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PCT/IB2023/059123
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English (en)
Inventor
Lorenzo CENTURELLI
Alessandro Zampetti
Silvia ZINGARETTI
Original Assignee
Ariston S.P.A.
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Application filed by Ariston S.P.A. filed Critical Ariston S.P.A.
Publication of WO2024105464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024105464A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/06—Sampling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/14—Flame sensors using two or more different types of flame sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/06—Fail safe for flame failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/10—Fail safe for component failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/12—Fail safe for ignition failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/02—Space-heating

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a method for controlling the efficiency state of a heating system of the type comprising, for example, a gas boiler.
  • the object of the present invention is a control method adapted to predict the ageing and/or wear and/or malfunction of one or more components of said heating system so as to promptly signal the possible need for maintenance and/or replacement interventions.
  • the invention falls, without any limiting intent, within the sector of gas boilers adapted to the production of hot water for room heating purposes and/or for domestic use.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a typical combustion unit 1 of a heating system, in particular of a gas boiler (not explicitly shown), comprising at least:
  • one gas burner 10 housed inside a combustion chamber 11 , - one gas valve 12 for the delivery and dosing of a fuel, preferably gaseous (e.g. methane CH 4 , or the like), to the burner 10,
  • a fuel preferably gaseous (e.g. methane CH 4 , or the like)
  • combustion air supply system 13 equipped with at least one fan 14, preferably with adjustable speed
  • control unit 16 capable of managing at least the usual functions of a gas boiler and components thereof.
  • a heat transfer fluid generally water, for room heating and/or for the production of domestic hot water is not shown in said combustion unit 1.
  • 17 indicates an ionisation probe, more simply referred to as electrode 17, extended and/or in substantial proximity of the flame F of the burner 10.
  • Electrode 17 Although a single electrode 17 is shown in Figure 1, it is known the possibility of providing for several electrodes, for example two or three electrodes, each assigned to one or more functions.
  • said one or more electrodes 17 are very important metal components in the heating systems (e.g., in the gas boilers or the like) as they are typically used to meet at least two main functions:
  • Such ions through at least one electrode 17, produce a current, referred to as “ionisation” ION, which, converted by the control unit 16 of the heating system into a digital value, hereinafter referred to as “ionisation signal”, allows controlling and monitoring the correct formation of the flame F and/or the characteristics thereof. More precisely, the detection of said ionisation current ION enables to:
  • the detection and analysis of the ionisation current further allows monitoring the performance and reliability of the heating system and the main functional components thereof.
  • Fig. 2 shows a typical time (or profile) trend of the ionisation current ION detected by an electrode.
  • the value of the ionisation current ION is shown on the ordinate axis, while the abscissa axis represents the time.
  • the striking of the spark of the electrode 17 and the triggering of the combustion of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the burner 10 causes a sort of “small explosion” in the combustion chamber 11 and the ionisation current ION reaches a first peak, referred to as lON.t peak .
  • the ionisation current ION starts to progressively decrease until reaching a minimum point, referred to as lON.t valley .
  • Such effect is generally due to a lower capacity of the electrode to detect the ionisation current ION (increase in the equivalent resistance of the electrode), e.g. depending: - on the oxide state formed thereon (such aspect shall be extensively referred to during the present description) and the cold conductivity thereof, and/or
  • t.safety indicates a safety time of the ignition step at which it is evaluated whether the flame was formed correctly or not.
  • the boiler may generate one or more warning notifications and proceed with further ignition attempts, without prejudice to the possibility of providing a safety lockout if said failed and/or anomalous ignitions should repeat for an excessive number of consecutive times.
  • the ignition step may be considered as completed and the heating system may switch to a subsequent operating mode, referred to as “modulation” or “calibration”, during which the power of the burner 10 is suitably regulated to ensure the user the right heating comfort.
  • the modulation or calibration step guarantees the correct value of ⁇ (ratio between the air and fuel with respect to the stoichiometric ratio of the fuel used), i.e. the right and balanced supply of fuel and air to the burner 10.
  • any defect and/or deterioration of one or more of the components of the combustion unit 1 of a heating system may lead to errors in the detection of the flame F and, as already anticipated, to consequent possible safety lockouts.
  • Such situation is a cause of disservice for the user who must independently provide for clear the error, e.g. via the HMI interface of the heating system, an operation that is not always simple and intuitive for an inexperienced user, and/or contact the technical assistance for a maintenance intervention of the same boiler.
  • the thermal stresses to which said at least one electrode is subject during the life of the boiler may lead to significant deformations and flexions thereof with a consequent possible increase in the distance thereof from the burner 10; this may lead to a worsening of the interaction with the flame F and a worsening of the detection of the ionisation current ION.
  • the aforementioned oxide layer is formed on the external surface of the electrode which may compromise the detection of the ionisation current and the subsequent conversion thereof into an ionisation signal which may be used to predict and signal any anomalies or heating system fault conditions.
  • the formation of said oxide layer mainly concentrates in the first hours (usually within the first 500 hours) of operation of the burner 10, to then progressively slow down and stabilise.
  • the efficiency of the detection of the ionisation current ION detected is not proportional to the “operation” time (or, equivalently, “ageing time”) of the heating system which is, for example, quantifiable in weeks, months or years.
  • operation time or, equivalently, “ageing time” of the heating system which is, for example, quantifiable in weeks, months or years.
  • the ionisation current detectable by an electrode will settle on very low absolute values, which shall remain substantially constant or slightly and slowly decreasing, as long as the heating system continues to operate.
  • the ignition of a burner is a transient and critical step during which the measurement of the ionisation current and/or the detection of the relative ionisation signals is complex and not perfectly repeatable.
  • the ageing and oxidation of an electrode are not the only factors that may affect the operation and performance of a heating system upon ignition, it is known, for example, that for a correct and stable formation of the flame of at the burner, it is also necessary that specific arrangements of design and/or installation and/or functional nature are substantially met. By way of an example, it is necessary that the most correct geometric configuration and length of the flue of the heating system for the discharge of unburnt products and combustion fumes is chosen and/or to carefully consider the presence of recirculation of said fumes and/or the supply pressures of fuel gas at the burner.
  • the burner is deliberately operated at different power ranges, which results in undesirable energy consumption and an increase in pollutants.
  • the ionisation current is determined in at least two different instants for each of the powers at which the burner is operated (for example, said burner may be operated at rated load and at partial load). This also leads to an undesirable extension of the monitoring times.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate such kind of drawbacks by providing an innovative method for predicting the performance state of a heating system based on the monitoring of a combustion parameter, for example of at least one ionisation current.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide for a method for predicting the performance state of a heating system able to notify the need for an intervention and/or maintenance at the right moment, for example in advance relative to the risk that said heating system reaches a lockout condition.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide for a method for predicting the performance state of a heating system able to provide information on the causes of possible malfunctions and/or wear of said one or more components.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to provide for a method for predicting the performance state of a heating system which does not require the knowledge and acquisition of the entire time profile of a combustion parameter, for example of an ionisation current, during at least the ignition step of the same heating system.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide for a method for predicting the performance state of a heating system which may be implemented without the need to resort to specific test steps which provide for the temporary interruption of the normal operation of the same heating system and/or excessive and additional energy consumptions and polluting emissions.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide for a method for predicting the performance state of a heating system that is simple to implement in the electronics already provided in known heating systems and which is quick to be implemented and executed.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a heating system according to the state of the art in which the method for predicting the efficiency state of one or more of the components thereof according to the invention may be implemented
  • Fig. 2 shows a graph representative of the time profile of a combustion parameter, for exampl e of an ionisati on current, during an ignition step of a heating system
  • - Fig. 3 shows a graph representative of a change over time in a combustion parameter, for example of an ionisation current, at a particular instant of an ignition step of a heating system;
  • Fig. 4 shows a graph representative of at least one step of the method for predicting the performance state of a heating system according to the invention
  • Fig. 5a shows a graph for identifying an operating class of said heating system
  • Figs. 5b-5c respectively show two classification examples of the operation of said heating system
  • Figs. 6a-6b show further graphs representative of some steps of the method for predicting the performance state of a heating system, according to the invention.
  • Said predictive method is suitable for being applied to any known heating system, in particular to any generator of thermal energy obtainable from the combustion of a gaseous and/or liquid fuel, such as, for example, gas boilers for heating civil, industrial and/or commercial buildings, or the like and/or for the production of domestic hot water.
  • a gas boiler comprising a combustion unit 1 of the type schematically illustrated in Fig. 1 and already widely described.
  • combustion unit 1 As anticipated, only the main components necessary for the implementation and execution of the predictive method of the invention are shown of said combustion unit 1, such as at least the burner 10, the one or more electrodes 17, etc., which shall be referred to if necessary, from time to time, during the present description.
  • control unit 16 of the heating system is able to manage the operation of said burner 10 and/or other components cooperating therewith (gas valves 12, fan 14, electrode 17, etc.), with which it may “communicate” bidirectionally according to the most appropriate methods, for example, via wired and/or wireless connections (radio type, such as WLAN, ZigBee, Bluetooth protocols or the like).
  • control unit 16 does not prevent one or more of the functions managed by said control unit 16 from being partially or entirely carried out on devices external to the heating system, such as, by way of a non-limiting example, smartphones, tablets, PDAs, remote servers (e.g. in Cloud), as long as they are suitably equipped with software and/or applications suitable and compatible for the purpose.
  • devices external to the heating system such as, by way of a non-limiting example, smartphones, tablets, PDAs, remote servers (e.g. in Cloud), as long as they are suitably equipped with software and/or applications suitable and compatible for the purpose.
  • control unit 16 and/or the possible external devices may be further conceived and arranged to implement and manage one or more steps of the method for predicting the performance state of a heating system according to the invention.
  • said control unit 16 which, as mentioned, may be the same control system that subtends the “general” operation of the heating system, an ad hoc external control system integrated/integrable with it (e.g. a retrofit kit), or a remote processing logic, e.g., implemented in external mobile and/or Cloud devices, is, without any limiting intent advantageously provided and/or cooperating with: - input data acquisition and/or receiving means for the predictive method of the invention, said input data being able to comprise, as it shall be seen, at least one combustion parameter,
  • Said predictive method is essentially based on the monitoring of a combustion parameter, preferably of at least the ionisation current which, as known:
  • --- may be converted into a digital value, i.e. into an “ionisation signal”, via, for example, the control unit 16 mentioned above.
  • ionisation current shall mean the same current and/or, indifferently, the ionisation signal derived therefrom.
  • Such predictive method aims to measure and control the ionisation current during an operating step of the burner 10.
  • the predictive method of the invention provides for the measurement and acquisition of at least one value of the ionisation current lON.t k , preferably only one value assumed in a single time instant t k during an operating step of the burner 10.
  • said measurement and acquisition of a value of the ionisation current lON.t k is then carried out and/or repeated, according to same methods, one or more times within an appropriate “observation” time window T.analysis of the operating life of the burner 10.
  • observation window T.analysis may be of a predetermined duration, for exampie equal to one day, one week, one month or one year, as well as multiples or fractions thereof.
  • said predictive method aims at measuring said ionisation current lON.t k at an instant t k during the initial ignition step of the burner 10.
  • the measurement and acquisition of said specific value of the ionisation current lON.t k may be repeated for each of the i-th ignitions of the burner 10 found in said observation time window T.analysis .
  • t.safety represents a default safety time (e.g., chosen during the design and/or installation-commissioning step of the heating system) at which a flame should generally have already been formed and stabilised.
  • said predictive method is designed to consider and select among the measured and/or acquired ionisation current values lON.t k , those representative of “cold” ignitions of the heating system, i.e. occurred after a “cooling time” t. cooling of the burner 10, during which it remained inactive and/or the related at least one electrode 17 not exposed to any flame F.
  • the increase in the resistivity of the at least one electrode 17 is, for example, more sensitive and evident, due to the oxide layer formed on the surface thereof, that making more significant the corresponding values actually detected of the ionisation current lON.t k .
  • the oxide layer possibly present may amplify the "‘valley effecf with the value of the ionisation current lON.t vallev which may reach very low values and with the consequent risk of failed or incomplete ignition of the flame F at the time t.safety.
  • the predictive method of the invention also comprises a routine (or logic) capable of applying different operations and/or mathematical processing to the set of values of the ionisation current lON.t k measured and/or acquired for each observation time window T. analysis and of identifying and considering any combustion or ignition errors so as to recognise, and possibly signal, a specific operating condition of the heating system.
  • a routine or logic capable of applying different operations and/or mathematical processing to the set of values of the ionisation current lON.t k measured and/or acquired for each observation time window T. analysis and of identifying and considering any combustion or ignition errors so as to recognise, and possibly signal, a specific operating condition of the heating system.
  • said routine is aimed at extrapolating from said values of the ionisation current lON.t k at least a pair of “indices”, whose values, when suitably combined to one another, (as shall be seen), enable to assign the monitored heating system an operating class: “normal”, “abnormal” or “critical”, each representative of a specific efficiency/pertormance state of the same heating system and/or the presence of possible problems or disservices thereof.
  • an “anomalous” operation indicates an operating situation of the heating system still substantially acceptable but which, in the short/medium term, may degenerate, while a “critical” operation corresponds to a situation that is already substantially compromised.
  • the predictive method of the invention may produce a notification of:
  • N may be chosen greater than M (N>M).
  • Such signalling or notification may be of a visual and/or acoustic type, for example shown in the HMI interface of the heating system and/or of any external devices connected thereto and/or by written communications via email, SMS, or the like, to the same external devices or remote servers.
  • a “combustion check” notification may concern a state of potential and/or imminent malfunction of the heating system attributable to combustion defects, caused, for example, by inaccurate calibrations and/or adjustments of the combustion parameters, and/or by installation and commissioning problems of the same heating system.
  • the predictive method of the invention may also notify and suggest the possible factors to be controlled and arranged, for example the configuration/geometry and length of the flue for the discharge of unbumt products and combustion fumes, their recirculation, the combustion ratio ⁇ , etc. in order to help the installer and/or the technical assistance and speed up the operating recovery intervention (through which the heating system may again switch from said “abnormal” to the “normal” operating class).
  • the “electrode check” notification preferably concerns a malfunction condition of the monitored heating system attributable to the combustion unit I and linked, in general, to an excessive oxidation of the external surface and/or to significant deformations and/or to a definitive breakage of the electrode 17 and/or to a breakage of the burner 10.
  • the predictive method of the invention may possibly associate, with the notification provided, useful information for solving the problem, by signalling, for example, a radical replacement of the faulty electrode 17 and/or the need for a maintenance intervention for the removal, by brushing, of the oxide layer.
  • indices adapted to classify and associate the heating system to one of said operating classes shall be extensively referred to during the present description.
  • combustion errors of the burner 10 adapted to define an index ERROR.INDEX referred to as “combustion error index” (or, more simply, abbreviating, “error index”).
  • the determination of said indices ION.INDEX and ERROR.INDEX may be carried out with reference to the same observation time window T. analysis, and repeated substantially identical for each of the observation time windows T.analysis provided during the entire monitoring period of the heating system.
  • said ionisation index ION.INDEX is a determined value, initially:
  • t.cooling which, as anticipated, represents a suitable time interval, between two consecutive ignitions, during which the burner 10 remained substantially inactive, for example, t.cooling may be preferably equal to 30 minutes; and/or,
  • a predetermined threshold e.g., ⁇ 35°C
  • the combustion errors of the burner 10 may be preferably taken into account from the predictive method of the invention, able to cause at least temporary lockouts of the heating system and dependent, for example, on malfunctions of specific components and/or combustion defects thereof.
  • Such data is in fact easy to find and handle, because the current and known control units 16 of a heating system (for example of a gas boiler) are already normally arranged to signal such type of errors.
  • the predictive method of the invention may consider any failed or insufficient activation of the flame F as “combustion errors” at the burner 10 (i.e. a substantial flame absence) at the end of each ignition attempt “i” occurred within an observation time window T.analysis.
  • the flame absence F for example at the safety time t.safety, is easily identifiable since no ionisation current lON.t k is detected by the at least one electrode 17 of the burner 10.
  • a weak and/or unstable flame F although generated, may be coded as a “combustion error” if the values of the ionisation current lON.t k detected are lower than the default safety thresholds, possibly pre-stored in said control unit 16.
  • said combustion errors may be determined independently of the values of the ionisation current lON.t k , for example by arranging the heating system 1 with special sensors capable of detecting and/or directly evaluating characteristic parameters of the presence or absence of a flame at the burner 10, to be compared with the reference threshold values.
  • said characteristic alternative parameters may comprise, for example: the intensity of the visible, infrared and/or ultraviolet light radiation of a flame, the temperatures reached in the proximity or at the same burner 10, the noise associated with the combustion, or similar parameters.
  • said sensors also known as “flame sensors”, may comprise known optical, temperature, ultrasound sensors, or similar/equivalent devices able to detect whether or not a flame has formed correctly at the burner 10.
  • the predictive method of the invention is therefore able to extrapolate, by means of specific and/or known software or algorithms, said error index ERROR.INDEX from all the combustion errors identified and stored by the control unit 16 within an observation time window T.anafysis (which, as mentioned, may be the same as the determination of the ionisation index ION.INDEX, or possibly of longer duration), regardless of the method adopted for their detection.
  • combustion errors may also be considered and indicated as “ignition errors”.
  • said error index ERROR.INDEX may be representative of the flame absence frequency (unstable and/or incorrectly formed flame).
  • This error index ERROR.INDEX may therefore take an absolute value comprised between 0 and 1, where:
  • control unit 16 generally attempts several times, preferably at least twice, to activate the burner 10 before the heating system is switched to a security lockout state. This means that said control unit 16 may produce at least two warnings before notifying an “ignition error” and stopping the heating system; typically, a typical error sequence may provide for: a “1st warning ⁇ 2nd warning error notification ⁇ possible system lockout” .
  • the routine or algorithm implemented by the method of the invention may be programmed for:
  • the combination of the values of the ionisation index ION.INDEX and of the error index ERROR.INDEX allow the operation of the monitored heating system to be associated with one of the “normal”, “abnormal” or “critical”, operating classes listed and described above.
  • the “normal” operating class CL.N may be substantially characterised by at least:
  • A is substantially characterised by medium or high values for both the error index ERROR.INDEX and the ionisation index ION.INDEX,
  • said “critical” operating class CL.C is substantially characterised by at least medium or high values of the error index ERROR.INDEX and by low values of the ionisation index ION.INDEX.
  • both the error index ERROR.INDEX and the ionisation index ION.INDEX may sometimes represent both a “normal” and “critical” operation; in such regard, see, for example, the dashed area AT in the proximity of the intersection of the axes of the ordinates and abscissas of the graph in Fig. 5a -5c.
  • ionisation index ION.INDEX may sometimes denote a particularly unstable and uncertain operation of the heating system. In such case, even small variations and reductions in the value of the ionisation index ION.INDEX, the error index ERROR.INDEX being equal (or vice versa), may suddenly lead to classify the heating system from a “normal” operation to an already substantially “critical” operation, or vice versa.
  • thresholds may depend and vary/ according to the technical and functional features of the monitored heating system.
  • a first limit threshold LIM.1 referred to as “flame detection”
  • a second upper threshold LIM.2 (with LIM.2 > LIM.1), both represented by the two vertical dashed lines, while for the error index ERROR.INDEX the threshold LIM.3 was considered.
  • said threshold LIM.3 of the error index ERROR.INDEX may consist of a first segment LIM.3a, substantially horizontal, and of a second pending segment LIM.3b which bends downwards (i.e. towards the abscissas), e.g. with a linear (as shown) or parabolic pattern.
  • said threshold LIM.3 remains substantially constant (segment LIM.3a) at the medium or high values of the ionisation index ION.INDEX while it bends downwards (segment LIM.3b) for low, or very low values, of the same index ION.INDEX (for example, for values comprised between the thresholds LIM.1 and LIM.2).
  • the most correct operating class between the “critical” or “normal” one may be assigned to the heating system even in presence of low or very low values of the ionisation index ION.INDEX and of the error index ERROR.INDEX, making the predictive method of the invention more efficient and accurate.
  • the “normal” operating class CL.N may be defined between said threshold line LIM.3 of the error index ERROR.INDEX and the abscissas axis,
  • A may be defined by values of ION.INDEX ⁇ LIM.2 and ERROR.INDEX ⁇ LIM.3a.
  • critical operating class CL.C may be defined by values of LIM.1 ⁇ ION.INDEX ⁇ LIM.2 and ERROR.INDEX ⁇ LIM.3b.
  • the predictive method of the invention enables to take into account and report not only possible malfunctions of the heating system deriving from the malfunction, wear and/or breakage of one or more of the components thereof, for example of the electrode 17, but also from other different factors and phenomena, such as problems and defects relating, for example, to the combustion and/or to the design/installation of the same heating system and/or to the operating and/or environmental conditions in which it operates (for example, cold ignitions, incorrect calibrations of the combustion, unsuitable technical and geometric features of the flue for discharging the combustion fumes, particular atmospheric conditions, e.g., very windy, etc.).
  • figures 6a and 6b show a possible monitoring of the performance state over time of a laboratory-tested heating system and implemented by the predictive method of the invention.
  • the values “c” and “e” represent, respectively, the ionisation index ION.INDEX and the error index ERROR.INDEX which may be derived, in the ways illustrated above, starting from the aforementioned values Pi of the ionisation current and from the combustion/ignition errors.
  • the heating system is assigned a specific “normal” CL.N, “abnormal” CL. A or “critical” CL.C operating class which may also be visually represented by assigning a different background colour with more portions of the plane of Figs.
  • the dashed vertical lines represent the notification of “combustion check” or “electrode check” generated by the predictive method of the invention following the permanence of the heating system in one of the “abnormal” or “critical” operating classes for several consecutive T.analysis (N, M consecutive permanencies, respectively).
  • N consecutive permanencies, respectively.
  • the observation time windows T.analysis in the graphs of Fig. 6a and 6b have been chosen for a duration substantially equal to one week each.
  • Fig. 6a shows the case of a “combustion check” notification and by analysing it in more detail it may be seen that: - in WEEK_ 1 and WEEK_ 2, the ionisation index ION.INDEX is medium- high (“c” equal to about 66-67 points) while the error index ERROR.INDEX is low (“e” equal to about 0.15 i.e. low frequency of failed ignitions at t.safety); consequently, in this monitoring time interval, comprising one or more observation windows T.analysis, the predictive method assigns a “normal” operating class to the heating system, as also shown by the relative points W1, W2 in the graph of Fig. 5b;
  • the heating system switches from the “normal” to the “abnormal” operating class as defined by the points W3 ... Wm of the graph of the same Fig. 5b; - starting from WEEK_ 6, the predictive method of the invention generates a
  • ERROR.INDEX (even equal to 0 in the example; no continuous vertical line) and therefore a substantially “normal” operation of the heating system; see, in this regard, points W1, W2, W3, W4 in the graph of Fig. 5c and what described with reference to the particular “descending” profile of at least the segment LIM.3b of the relative threshold line LIM.3,
  • observation windows T.analysis have been considered preferably of substantially weekly duration so as to coincide with the aforementioned weeks WEEK_m for monitoring the operation of the burner 10.
  • observation windows T.analysis it is therefore necessary to appropriately size the duration of said observation windows T.analysis so as to avoid: - excessive “combustion check” and/or “electrode check” notifications, in case excessively narrow observation time windows T.analysis are chosen (e.g. daily), or, conversely,
  • the predictive method of the invention may provide and implement self-learning logics of the behaviour and operation of said burner 10, for example of the actual number and/or frequency of ignitions in a “learning” period, preferably coinciding with one or more observation windows T. analysis.
  • self-learning logics of the behaviour and operation of said burner 10 for example of the actual number and/or frequency of ignitions in a “learning” period, preferably coinciding with one or more observation windows T. analysis.
  • the ignitions of a burner 10 of a heating system tend to repeat according to substantially similar ways over time, the uses and consumptions by a user being generally equally constant and usual.
  • the predictive method of the invention may therefore:
  • the method for predicting the efficiency state and operation of a heating system may be extended with minimal adaptations within the reach of a person skilled in the art, also to the subsequent calibration or modulation steps thereof.
  • the ionisation current read and measured in an instant of the calibration and/or modulation step may be taken into account, for example, suitably chosen and/or predefined, instead of considering exclusively an ionisation current at the safetytime t. safety (or, equivalently, the other maximum or minimum values of the ionisation current, mentioned above).
  • the error index ERROR.INDEX may be calculated considering other operating characteristics of the flame F, for example, and without any limiting intent, the value of the flame “detachment” and/or “lift-off” during the calibration or modulation step.
  • the heating system may be arranged with the aforementioned flame sensors (for example, optical, temperature, ultrasound sensors, or the like) capable, for example, of detecting the intensity of the flame generated so as to compare it with admissible threshold values.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention est un procédé pour la prédiction de l'état d'efficacité d'un système de chauffage comprenant au moins : un brûleur (10), au moins une vanne (12) pour le dosage et l'alimentation d'un combustible et un système d'alimentation en air de combustion (13, 14) associé, une unité de commande (16), au moins une électrode (17) pour l'allumage du mélange air-combustible et/ou la détection d'au moins un paramètre de combustion, en particulier un courant d'ionisation (ION.tk). Le procédé prédictif comprend au moins une étape de mesure et/ou d'acquisition d'au moins une valeur dudit courant d'ionisation (ION.tk) à au moins un instant temporel tk d'une étape de fonctionnement dudit brûleur (10), et une étape de détermination d'au moins un "indice d'ionisation" (ION.INDEX) et d'un "indice d'erreur" de combustion (ERROR.INDEX), la combinaison desdits indices permettant l'attribution d'une classe de fonctionnement "normale", "anormale" ou "critique" au système de chauffage.
PCT/IB2023/059123 2022-11-17 2023-09-14 Procédé de commande de l'état d'exécution d'un système de chauffage WO2024105464A1 (fr)

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IT102022000023751 2022-11-17

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3182007A1 (fr) * 2015-12-18 2017-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système d'appareil de chauffage et procédé faisant appel à un système d'appareil de chauffage
EP3290797A1 (fr) * 2016-09-02 2018-03-07 Robert Bosch GmbH Procédé de détection d'un état de vieillissement d'un système de chauffage ainsi qu'une unité de commande et système de chauffage
EP3988844A1 (fr) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-27 Viessmann Climate Solutions SE Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3182007A1 (fr) * 2015-12-18 2017-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système d'appareil de chauffage et procédé faisant appel à un système d'appareil de chauffage
EP3290797A1 (fr) * 2016-09-02 2018-03-07 Robert Bosch GmbH Procédé de détection d'un état de vieillissement d'un système de chauffage ainsi qu'une unité de commande et système de chauffage
EP3988844A1 (fr) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-27 Viessmann Climate Solutions SE Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

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