WO2024104760A2 - Method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle, method for determining a settable pressure, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, electronic computing device and pressure control device - Google Patents
Method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle, method for determining a settable pressure, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, electronic computing device and pressure control device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024104760A2 WO2024104760A2 PCT/EP2023/080016 EP2023080016W WO2024104760A2 WO 2024104760 A2 WO2024104760 A2 WO 2024104760A2 EP 2023080016 W EP2023080016 W EP 2023080016W WO 2024104760 A2 WO2024104760 A2 WO 2024104760A2
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- determining
- damage rate
- battery cell
- electronic computing
- computing device
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032677 cell aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Definitions
- Method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle method for determining an adjustable pressure, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, electronic computing device and pressure regulating device
- the invention relates to a method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of an electronic computing device.
- the invention further relates to a method for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of a pressure regulating device.
- the invention further relates to a computer program product with program code means and a computer-readable storage medium.
- the invention also relates to an electronic computing device for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle and a pressure regulating device for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle.
- the state of the art already includes the tensioning of cell blocks, particularly battery cell blocks, in which a corresponding pressure is built up by pressing during assembly.
- the battery cells are pressed into a defined installation space with a structural rigidity.
- the cells tend to grow in thickness, resulting in a force in the block that increases with aging. This is referred to as cell thickness growth, which leads to a pressure development in the block.
- tension mats In order to slow down the pressure development due to aging, compressible mats, so-called tension mats, are used. However, the tension mats take up installation space and have an insulating effect on the battery cells and influence the thermal connection of the battery cells. According to the current status, the design of the tensioning mats is only based on slowing down the power development, but it is ignored that the service life may be reduced at certain power levels.
- DE 102019 004 928 A1 relates to a battery for an at least partially electrically operable motor vehicle, with a plurality of battery cells, wherein each of the battery cells has a first volume in a discharged state of the battery cell, and a second volume different from the first volume in a charged state of the battery cell, and with at least one first flexible clamping device for exerting a predetermined force in the discharged state and in the charged state on the plurality of battery cells, wherein the at least first flexible clamping device is designed such that in order to exert the predetermined force on the plurality of battery cells, the at least first flexible clamping device is supported on at least one motor vehicle component of the motor vehicle.
- DE 102019 007 363 A1 relates to an electrical energy storage device with at least one electrode stack, which comprises a plurality of layers of electrodes arranged one above the other in a stacking direction and separators arranged between the electrodes.
- a first pressure plate and a second pressure plate serve to exert pressure on the at least one electrode stack arranged between pressure plates.
- At least one actuator is provided for moving at least one of the pressure plates.
- a control device is provided for controlling the at least one actuator.
- the pressure plates are coupled to one another by the at least one actuator. By controlling the at least one actuator by means of the control device, a distance between the pressure plates can be changed.
- DE 10 2018 123 682 A1 relates to a modular battery, having several battery cells and a detection unit for detecting an operating state of the battery.
- an actuator is provided to adjust a pressure in the battery depending on the detected operating state of the battery.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell, a method for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one pressure regulating device, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium, an electronic computing device and To create a pressure regulating device by means of which an improved operation of a battery cell in an electrical energy storage device can be realized.
- One aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of an electronic computing device.
- a capacity degradation of the battery cell is determined as a function of a force generated due to cell swelling of the battery cell, the aging state of the battery cell is determined and the damage rate is determined as a function of the capacity degradation and the aging state.
- this makes it possible to describe, measure and quantify the cell and module-specific aging-specific pressure dependence of a battery cell, for example a lithium-ion cell.
- the data is then calculated and the module is optimized to increase the service life.
- this can lead to an increase in the service life of the product and the holding capacity over a larger service life range, thereby maximizing the range life.
- the invention describes the quantification and interaction of force and cell aging and a corresponding passive and active control of the regulation of pressure or force over aging.
- the first aspect here includes in particular the measurement and evaluation. Lithium ion cells are clamped in a mechanical structure, for example, and cycled with an electrical profile. It should be noted that the measurement structure must be able to measure the forces and cell growth.
- the constant pressure conditions allow the pressure dependence during aging to be measured significantly.
- a special evaluation is required, which is described below and is also validated by real battery life tests.
- the damage rate is determined based on a covariance method.
- the damage rate can be determined using the formula: where D c corresponds to the damage rate, SOH C to the aging state and ETP to an energy flow.
- D c corresponds to the damage rate
- SOH C to the aging state
- ETP to an energy flow.
- the force dependence of the capacity degradation can thus be determined via the damage rate.
- the damage rate is determined in particular with the covariance.
- the damage rate can also be determined alternatively via the direct derivation of the curve.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of a pressure regulating device, wherein a damage rate is determined on the basis of a method according to the preceding aspect, and a pressure to be continuously exerted on the battery cell is determined as a function of the determined damage rate.
- a continuous pressure or force between 9 kilonewtons and 11 kilonewtons, in particular 10 kilonewtons, is set.
- the damage rate has a parabolic curve over the applied pressure.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product with program code means which cause an electronic computing device to carry out a method according to the first aspect of the invention or the second aspect of the invention when the program code means are processed by the electronic computing device.
- the invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium with a computer program product according to the preceding aspect.
- the computer program product can also be referred to as a computer program.
- a further aspect of the invention describes an electronic computing device for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle, wherein the electronic computing device is designed to carry out a method according to the preceding aspect.
- the method is carried out by means of the electronic computing device.
- the electronic computing device comprises, for example, processors, circuits, in particular integrated circuits, as well as other electronic components in order to be able to carry out corresponding process steps.
- the invention also relates to a pressure regulating device for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle, wherein the pressure regulating device is designed to carry out a method according to the second aspect of the invention. The method is carried out in particular by means of the pressure regulating device.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a pressure regulating device with an additional embodiment of an electronic computing device;
- Fig. 2 is a schematic SOH-ETP diagram
- Fig. 3 is a schematic force-damage rate diagram.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of a pressure regulating device 10.
- the pressure regulating device 10 has at least one electronic computing device 12, which is designed to control a pressure control unit 14.
- the electronic computing device 12 can also be designed to determine a damage rate D c (Fig. 3).
- another electronic computing device can also be provided to determine the damage rate D c .
- a damage rate D c can be provided for a battery cell 16.
- the battery cell 16 is in particular a lithium-ion battery cell.
- the battery cell 10 is located in particular in a housing 18, so that a corresponding force K can also be exerted on the battery cell 16.
- the quantification and interaction of the force K on cell aging and the passive and active control of pressure regulation over aging can be adapted accordingly.
- the lithium-ion battery cells 16 are clamped in a test setup and cycled with an electrical profile.
- This test setup can also be simulated using the pressure regulation device 10, for example.
- the measurement setup must be able to measure the forces K and the cell growth accordingly.
- characteristic curves can be derived from the evaluations, with the help of which the pressure control can set the optimal pressure or force K for each cell.
- the constant pressure conditions make it possible to measure the pressure dependencies during aging significantly. In order to quantify the force dependency, a special evaluation is required that is also validated by real battery life tests.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic ETP-SOH diagram.
- the ETP is in particular the so-called energy through put, which is given in watt hours and corresponds to the energy flow.
- the state of aging in particular the state of health (SOH), is also plotted.
- different characteristic curves are shown, with the characteristic curves in particular showing battery cells 16 at different forces and corresponding to a cell test 22.
- an actual battery test 20 is shown, which validates the theoretical determinations accordingly.
- Fig. 2 shows the force dependence of the capacity degradation, which is determined via the damage rate D c .
- the battery test 20 according to Fig. 2 was carried out under real stress conditions and the corresponding strains and forces K were measured over the aging process using special measuring technology.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic force-damage rate diagram, where the force K is given in kilonewtons and the damage rate D c in percent of megawatt hours. It is particularly evident here that the damage rates D c derived from the cell level match a real battery measurement. In addition, a parabolic curve of the damage rates D c over the applied pressure or force K can be determined both in the battery measurement and in the corresponding cell measurement. This means that an optimal operating point for the counterforce is in the range of 10 kilonewtons and, conversely, the service life can be maximized if the battery or the electrical energy storage device is either only operated in this range due to its inherent design or is regulated in this range by an external control system, for example with a pressure regulating device 10.
- the invention therefore provides improvements and recommendations.
- active pressure regulation is shown to increase the service life. It also shows that the forces K in the module and across the cell row should be kept as constant as possible, otherwise inhomogeneous force distributions lead to inhomogeneous pressure developments. It is also clear that modules or cell rows should be built as compactly as possible and in such a way that the pressure or force K remains in the optimal range over aging and cell growth.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining a damage rate (DC) of a battery cell (16) for an electrical energy store of an at least partially electrically driven motor vehicle by means of an electronic computing device (12), the method comprising the following steps: determining a capacity degradation of the battery cell (16) depending on a force generated as a result of a cell swelling of the battery cell (16); determining an ageing condition (SOH) of the battery cell (16); and determining the damage rate (DC) depending on the capacity degradation and the ageing condition (SOH).
Description
Mercedes-Benz Group AG Mercedes-Benz AG
Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate einer Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines einstellbaren Drucks, Computerprogrammprodukt, computerlesbares Speichermedium, elektronische Recheneinrichtung sowie Druckregulierungseinrichtung Method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, method for determining an adjustable pressure, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, electronic computing device and pressure regulating device
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate einer Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs mittels einer elektronischen Recheneinrichtung. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines einstellbaren Drucks für zumindest eine Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs mittels einer Druckregulierungseinrichtung. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Computerprogrammprodukt mit Programmcodemitteln sowie ein computerlesbares Speichermedium. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine elektronische Recheneinrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate einer Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs sowie eine Druckregulierungseinrichtung zum Bestimmen eines einstellbaren Drucks für zumindest eine Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs. The invention relates to a method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of an electronic computing device. The invention further relates to a method for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of a pressure regulating device. The invention further relates to a computer program product with program code means and a computer-readable storage medium. The invention also relates to an electronic computing device for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle and a pressure regulating device for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind bereits Verspannungen von Zellblöcken, insbesondere Batteriezellblöcken, bekannt, bei welchen durch eine Verpressung in der Montage ein entsprechender Druck aufgebaut wird. Dabei werden die Batteriezellen in einen definierten Bauraum mit einer strukturellen Steifigkeit verpresst. Infolge der Alterung neigen die Zellen dazu, in der Dicke zu wachsen und dadurch resultiert eine Kraft im Block, die über die Alterung zunimmt. Dabei spricht man vom so genannten Zelldickenwachstum, das somit zu einer Druckentwicklung im Block führt. The state of the art already includes the tensioning of cell blocks, particularly battery cell blocks, in which a corresponding pressure is built up by pressing during assembly. The battery cells are pressed into a defined installation space with a structural rigidity. As a result of aging, the cells tend to grow in thickness, resulting in a force in the block that increases with aging. This is referred to as cell thickness growth, which leads to a pressure development in the block.
Um die Druckentwicklung infolge Alterung zu entschleunigen, werden kompressible Matten, so genannte Spannmatten, verwendet. Die Spannmatten verbrauchen jedoch Bauraum und haben isolierende Wirkung auf die Batteriezellen und nehmen Einfluss auf
die thermische Anbindung der Batteriezellen. Nach aktuellem Stand beruht die Auslegung der Spannmatten nur zur Entschleunigung der Kraftentwicklung, jedoch wird außer Acht gelassen, dass möglicherweise die Lebensdauer in bestimmten Kraftniveaus reduziert wird. In order to slow down the pressure development due to aging, compressible mats, so-called tension mats, are used. However, the tension mats take up installation space and have an insulating effect on the battery cells and influence the thermal connection of the battery cells. According to the current status, the design of the tensioning mats is only based on slowing down the power development, but it is ignored that the service life may be reduced at certain power levels.
Die DE 102019 004 928 A1 betrifft eine Batterie für ein zumindest teilweise elektrisch betreibbares Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen, wobei jede der Batteriezellen in einem entladenen Zustand der Batteriezelle ein erstes Volumen, in einem geladenen Zustand der Batteriezelle ein zum ersten Volumen unterschiedliches zweites Volumen aufweist, und mit zumindest einer ersten flexiblen Spanneinrichtung zum Ausüben einer vorgegebenen Kraft im entladenen Zustand und im geladenen Zustand auf die Vielzahl von Batteriezellen, wobei die zumindest erste flexible Spanneinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass zum Ausüben der vorgegebenen Kraft auf die Vielzahl von Batteriezellen die zumindest erste flexible Spanneinrichtung zumindest an einem Kraftfahrzeugbauteil des Kraftfahrzeugs abgestützt ist. DE 102019 004 928 A1 relates to a battery for an at least partially electrically operable motor vehicle, with a plurality of battery cells, wherein each of the battery cells has a first volume in a discharged state of the battery cell, and a second volume different from the first volume in a charged state of the battery cell, and with at least one first flexible clamping device for exerting a predetermined force in the discharged state and in the charged state on the plurality of battery cells, wherein the at least first flexible clamping device is designed such that in order to exert the predetermined force on the plurality of battery cells, the at least first flexible clamping device is supported on at least one motor vehicle component of the motor vehicle.
Die DE 102019 007 363 A1 betrifft einen elektrischen Energiespeicher mit wenigstens einem Elektrodenstapel, welcher eine Mehrzahl von in einer Stapelrichtung übereinander angeordneten Lagen von Elektroden und zwischen den Elektroden angeordneten Separatoren umfasst. Eine erste Druckplatte und eine zweite Druckplatte dienen dem Ausüben eines Drucks auf den zwischen Druckplatten angeordneten wenigstens einen Elektrodenstapel. Wenigstens ein Aktuator ist zum Bewegen zumindest einer der Druckplatten vorgesehen. Eine Steuerungseinrichtung ist zum Ansteuern des wenigstens einen Aktuators vorgesehen. Die Druckplatten sind durch den wenigstens einen Aktuator miteinander gekoppelt. Durch ein mittels der Steuerungseinrichtung bewirktes Ansteuern des wenigstens einen Aktuators ist ein Abstand der Druckplatten voneinander veränderbar. DE 102019 007 363 A1 relates to an electrical energy storage device with at least one electrode stack, which comprises a plurality of layers of electrodes arranged one above the other in a stacking direction and separators arranged between the electrodes. A first pressure plate and a second pressure plate serve to exert pressure on the at least one electrode stack arranged between pressure plates. At least one actuator is provided for moving at least one of the pressure plates. A control device is provided for controlling the at least one actuator. The pressure plates are coupled to one another by the at least one actuator. By controlling the at least one actuator by means of the control device, a distance between the pressure plates can be changed.
Die DE 10 2018 123 682 A1 betrifft eine modular aufgebaute Batterie, aufweisend mehrere Batteriezellen und eine Erfassungseinheit zur Erfassung eines Betriebszustandes der Batterie. Hierzu ist ein Aktuator vorgesehen, um einen Druck in der Batterie in Abhängigkeit des erfassten Betriebszustandes der Batterie einzustellen. DE 10 2018 123 682 A1 relates to a modular battery, having several battery cells and a detection unit for detecting an operating state of the battery. For this purpose, an actuator is provided to adjust a pressure in the battery depending on the detected operating state of the battery.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate einer Batteriezelle, ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines einstellbaren Drucks für zumindest eine Druckregulierungseinrichtung, ein Computerprogrammprodukt, ein computerlesbares Speichermedium, eine elektronische Recheneinrichtung sowie
Druckregulierungseinrichtung zu schaffen, durch welche ein verbesserter Betrieb einer Batteriezelle in einem elektrischen Energiespeicher realisiert werden kann. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell, a method for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one pressure regulating device, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium, an electronic computing device and To create a pressure regulating device by means of which an improved operation of a battery cell in an electrical energy storage device can be realized.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. This object is achieved by the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.
Ein Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate einer Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs mittels einer elektronischen Recheneinrichtung. Es erfolgt das Bestimmen einer Kapazitätsdegradation der Batteriezelle in Abhängigkeit von einer aufgrund einer Zellschwellung der Batteriezelle erzeugten Kraft, das Bestimmen des Alterungszustands der Batteriezelle und das Bestimmen der Schädigungsrate in Abhängigkeit von der Kapazitätsdegradation und des Alterungszustands. One aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of an electronic computing device. A capacity degradation of the battery cell is determined as a function of a force generated due to cell swelling of the battery cell, the aging state of the battery cell is determined and the damage rate is determined as a function of the capacity degradation and the aging state.
Insbesondere kann somit eine Beschreibung, Messung und Quantifizierung der zell- und modulindividuellen alterungsspezifischen Druckabhängigkeit einer beispielsweise als Lithium-Ionen-Zelle ausgebildeten Batteriezelle bestimmt werden. Es erfolgt die Bedatung und eine optimierte Modulauslegung zur Lebensdauersteigerung. Insbesondere kann es dadurch zu einer Lebensdauersteigerung des Produkts kommen sowie der Haltekapazität über einen größeren Lebensdauerbereich, wodurch die Reichweitenlebensdauer maximiert ist. In particular, this makes it possible to describe, measure and quantify the cell and module-specific aging-specific pressure dependence of a battery cell, for example a lithium-ion cell. The data is then calculated and the module is optimized to increase the service life. In particular, this can lead to an increase in the service life of the product and the holding capacity over a larger service life range, thereby maximizing the range life.
Insbesondere beschreibt somit die Erfindung die Quantifizierung und Wechselwirkung der Kraft und der Zellalterung und eine entsprechende passive und aktive Steuerung der Regelung des Drucks beziehungsweise der Kraft über die Alterung. Hierbei zählt zum ersten Aspekt insbesondere die Messung und die Auswertung. Hierbei werden Lithium- lonen-Zellen in einem mechanischen Aufbau beispielsweise eingespannt und mit einem elektrischen Profil zyklisiert. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Messaufbau in der Lage sein muss, die Kräfte und Zellwachstum zu messen. In particular, the invention describes the quantification and interaction of force and cell aging and a corresponding passive and active control of the regulation of pressure or force over aging. The first aspect here includes in particular the measurement and evaluation. Lithium ion cells are clamped in a mechanical structure, for example, and cycled with an electrical profile. It should be noted that the measurement structure must be able to measure the forces and cell growth.
Mit Hilfe der Messungen lassen sich durch die Auswertung entsprechende Kennlinien ableiten, mit Hilfe die Druckregelung zellspezifisch dann wiederum eingestellt werden kann. With the help of the measurements, corresponding characteristic curves can be derived through evaluation, with the help of which the pressure control can then be adjusted cell-specifically.
Durch die konstanten Druckbedingungen lassen sich die Druckabhängigkeiten in der Alterung signifikant messen. Um nun die Kraftabhängigkeit zu quantifizieren, bedarf es einer speziellen Auswertung, die nachfolgend beschrieben ist und auch durch reale Batterie-Lebensdauertests validiert ist.
Es wird die Schädigungsrate auf Basis eines Kovarianzverfahrens bestimmt. Insbesondere kann die Schädigungsrate mittels der Formel:
bestimmt werden, wobei Dc der Schädigungsrate, SOHC dem Alterungszustand und ETP einem Energiedurchfluss entspricht. Insbesondere kann somit die Kraftabhängigkeit der Kapazitätsdegradation über die Schädigungsrate ermittelt werden. Die Schädigungsrate wird dabei im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel insbesondere mit der Kovarianz bestimmt. The constant pressure conditions allow the pressure dependence during aging to be measured significantly. In order to quantify the force dependence, a special evaluation is required, which is described below and is also validated by real battery life tests. The damage rate is determined based on a covariance method. In particular, the damage rate can be determined using the formula: where D c corresponds to the damage rate, SOH C to the aging state and ETP to an energy flow. In particular, the force dependence of the capacity degradation can thus be determined via the damage rate. In the present embodiment, the damage rate is determined in particular with the covariance.
Alternativ wird die Schädigungsrate auf Basis einer Ableitung mittels der Formel: dSOHc Dr = - - c dETP bestimmt, wobei Dc der Schädigungsrate, SOHC dem Alterungszustand und ETP einer Energiedurchflussrate entspricht. Insbesondere kann somit alternativ auch über die direkte Ableitung des Verlaufs die Schädigungsrate bestimmt werden. Alternatively, the damage rate is determined on the basis of a derivation using the formula: dSOH c D r = - - c dETP, where D c corresponds to the damage rate, SOH C to the aging state and ETP to an energy flow rate. In particular, the damage rate can also be determined alternatively via the direct derivation of the curve.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines einstellbaren Drucks für zumindest eine Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs mittels einer Druckregulierungseinrichtung, wobei eine Schädigungsrate auf Basis eines Verfahrens nach dem vorhergehenden Aspekt bestimmt wird, und in Abhängigkeit von der bestimmten Schädigungsrate ein kontinuierlich auszuübender Druck auf die Batteriezelle bestimmt wird. A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of a pressure regulating device, wherein a damage rate is determined on the basis of a method according to the preceding aspect, and a pressure to be continuously exerted on the battery cell is determined as a function of the determined damage rate.
Bevorzugt kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass ein kontinuierlicher Druck beziehungsweise Kraft zwischen 9 Kilonewton und 11 Kilonewton, insbesondere 10 Kilonewton, eingestellt wird. Preferably, it can be provided that a continuous pressure or force between 9 kilonewtons and 11 kilonewtons, in particular 10 kilonewtons, is set.
Insbesondere ist gezeigt worden, dass die Schädigungsrate einen parabolischen Verlauf über den anliegenden Druck aufweist. Insbesondere resultiert daraus, dass ein optimaler Betriebspunkt der Gegenkraft im Bereich von 10 Kilonewton liegt und im Umkehrschluss kann die Lebensdauer maximiert werden, wenn die Batteriezelle entweder durch
inhärente Auslegung nur in diesem Bereich betrieben wird oder durch eine externe Regelung, insbesondere über die Druckregulierungseinrichtung in diesem Bereich reguliert wird. In particular, it has been shown that the damage rate has a parabolic curve over the applied pressure. In particular, this results in an optimal operating point of the counterforce being in the range of 10 kilonewtons and, conversely, the service life can be maximized if the battery cell is either inherent design is only operated in this range or is regulated by an external control, in particular via the pressure regulating device in this range.
Bei den vorgestellten Verfahren handelt es sich insbesondere um computerimplementierte Verfahren. Daher betrifft ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ein Computerprogrammprodukt mit Programmcodemitteln, welche eine elektronische Recheneinrichtung dazu veranlassen, wenn die Programmcodemittel von der elektronischen Recheneinrichtung abgearbeitet werden, ein Verfahren nach dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung beziehungsweise dem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung durchzuführen. The methods presented are in particular computer-implemented methods. Therefore, a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product with program code means which cause an electronic computing device to carry out a method according to the first aspect of the invention or the second aspect of the invention when the program code means are processed by the electronic computing device.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung auch ein computerlesbares Speichermedium mit einem Computerprogrammprodukt nach dem vorhergehenden Aspekt. Das Computerprogrammprodukt kann auch als Computerprogramm bezeichnet werden. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium with a computer program product according to the preceding aspect. The computer program product can also be referred to as a computer program.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung beschreibt eine elektronische Recheneinrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate einer Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei die elektronische Recheneinrichtung zum Durchführen eines Verfahrens nach dem vorhergehenden Aspekt ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere wird das Verfahren mittels der elektronischen Recheneinrichtung durchgeführt. A further aspect of the invention describes an electronic computing device for determining a damage rate of a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle, wherein the electronic computing device is designed to carry out a method according to the preceding aspect. In particular, the method is carried out by means of the electronic computing device.
Die elektronische Recheneinrichtung weist beispielsweise Prozessoren, Schaltkreise, insbesondere integrierte Schaltkreise, sowie weitere elektronische Bauteile auf, um entsprechende Verfahrensschritte durchführen zu können. The electronic computing device comprises, for example, processors, circuits, in particular integrated circuits, as well as other electronic components in order to be able to carry out corresponding process steps.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung auch eine Druckregulierungseinrichtung zum Bestimmen eines einstellbaren Drucks für zumindest eine Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei die Druckregulierungseinrichtung zum Durchführen eines Verfahrens nach dem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung ausgebildet ist. Das Verfahren wird dabei insbesondere mittels der Druckregulierungseinrichtung durchgeführt. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a pressure regulating device for determining an adjustable pressure for at least one battery cell for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle, wherein the pressure regulating device is designed to carry out a method according to the second aspect of the invention. The method is carried out in particular by means of the pressure regulating device.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsformen der unterschiedlichen Erfindungsaspekte sind als vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsformen der anderen Erfindungsaspekte anzusehen. Advantageous embodiments of the different aspects of the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the other aspects of the invention.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der
Zeichnungen. Die vorstehend in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung genannten und/oder in den Figuren alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the Drawings. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and/or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Dabei zeigen: Showing:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Druckregulierungseinrichtung mit einer zusätzlichen Ausführungsform einer elektronischen Recheneinrichtung; Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a pressure regulating device with an additional embodiment of an electronic computing device;
Fig. 2 ein schematisches SOH-ETP-Diagramm; und Fig. 2 is a schematic SOH-ETP diagram; and
Fig. 3 ein schematisches Kraft-Schädigungsrate-Diagramm. Fig. 3 is a schematic force-damage rate diagram.
In den Figuren sind gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference symbols.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild gemäß einer Ausführungsform einer Druckregulierungseinrichtung 10. Die Druckregulierungseinrichtung 10 weist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel zumindest eine elektronische Recheneinrichtung 12 auf, welche zum Steuern einer Druckregeleinheit 14 ausgebildet ist. Ferner kann die elektronische Recheneinrichtung 12 auch zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate Dc (Fig. 3) ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann zum Bestimmen der Schädigungsrate Dc auch eine andere elektronische Recheneinrichtung bereitgestellt werden. Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of a pressure regulating device 10. In the present exemplary embodiment, the pressure regulating device 10 has at least one electronic computing device 12, which is designed to control a pressure control unit 14. Furthermore, the electronic computing device 12 can also be designed to determine a damage rate D c (Fig. 3). Alternatively, another electronic computing device can also be provided to determine the damage rate D c .
Insbesondere kann eine Schädigungsrate Dc für eine Batteriezelle 16 vorgesehen sein. Bei der Batteriezelle 16 handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle. Die Batteriezelle 10 befindet sich im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel insbesondere in einem Gehäuse 18, so dass auch eine entsprechende Kraft K auf die Batteriezelle 16 ausgeübt werden kann.
Insbesondere ist somit vorgesehen, dass die Quantifizierung und die Wechselwirkung der Kraft K auf die Zellalterung und die passive und aktive Steuerung der Druckregulierung über die Alterung entsprechend angepasst werden kann. In particular, a damage rate D c can be provided for a battery cell 16. The battery cell 16 is in particular a lithium-ion battery cell. In the present embodiment, the battery cell 10 is located in particular in a housing 18, so that a corresponding force K can also be exerted on the battery cell 16. In particular, it is thus envisaged that the quantification and interaction of the force K on cell aging and the passive and active control of pressure regulation over aging can be adapted accordingly.
Hierzu gehört insbesondere die spezielle Messung und die Auswertung. Hierbei werden die Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen 16 in einem Versuchsaufbau eingespannt und mit einem elektrischen Profil zyklisiert. Dieser Versuchsaufbau kann beispielsweise auch über die Druckregulierungseinrichtung 10 nachgebildet werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Messaufbau in der Lage sein muss, die Kräfte K und das Zellwachstum entsprechend messen zu können. Mit Hilfe der Messungen lassen sich durch die Auswertungen Kennlinien ableiten, mit Hilfe die Druckregelung zellspezifisch den optimalen Druck beziehungsweise die Kraft K einstellen kann. Durch die konstanten Druckbedingungen lassen sich die Druckabhängigkeiten in der Alterung signifikant messen. Um nun die Kraftabhängigkeit zu quantifizieren, bedarf es einer speziellen Auswertung, die auch durch reale Batterie-Lebensdauertests validiert ist. This includes in particular the special measurement and evaluation. The lithium-ion battery cells 16 are clamped in a test setup and cycled with an electrical profile. This test setup can also be simulated using the pressure regulation device 10, for example. It should be noted that the measurement setup must be able to measure the forces K and the cell growth accordingly. With the help of the measurements, characteristic curves can be derived from the evaluations, with the help of which the pressure control can set the optimal pressure or force K for each cell. The constant pressure conditions make it possible to measure the pressure dependencies during aging significantly. In order to quantify the force dependency, a special evaluation is required that is also validated by real battery life tests.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein schematisches ETP-SOH-Diagramm. Bei dem ETP handelt es sich insbesondere um die so genannte Energy through put, welche in Wattstunden angegeben ist und dem Energiedurchfluss entspricht. Ferner ist der Alterungszustand, insbesondere des State of Health (SOH) mit aufgetragen. Der SOH ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel insbesondere in Prozent aufgetragen, wobei mit einem Wert von ETP = 0 100 Prozent State of Health zu verzeichnen sind. Ferner sind unterschiedliche Kennlinien gezeigt, wobei die Kennlinien insbesondere Batteriezellen 16 bei unterschiedlichen Kräften zeigen und einem Zelltest 22 entsprechen. Ferner ist ein tatsächlicher Batterietest 20 gezeigt, welcher die theoretischen Bestimmungen entsprechend validiert. Fig. 2 shows a schematic ETP-SOH diagram. The ETP is in particular the so-called energy through put, which is given in watt hours and corresponds to the energy flow. The state of aging, in particular the state of health (SOH), is also plotted. In the present exemplary embodiment, the SOH is plotted in particular in percent, with a value of ETP = 0 representing 100 percent state of health. Furthermore, different characteristic curves are shown, with the characteristic curves in particular showing battery cells 16 at different forces and corresponding to a cell test 22. Furthermore, an actual battery test 20 is shown, which validates the theoretical determinations accordingly.
Insbesondere zeigt die Fig. 2 die Kraftabhängigkeit der Kapazitätsdegradation, welche über die Schädigungsrate Dc ermittelt wird. Die Schädigungsrate Dc wird dabei mit den zwei folgenden mathematischen Vorschriften berechnet. Zum einen über die Kovarianz:
oder alternativ über die direkte Ableitung des Verlaufs: dS0Hc Dr = - - c dETP
Der Batterietest 20 gemäß Fig. 2 wurde dabei unter realen Verspannbedingungen durchgeführt und mittels Sondermesstechnik wurden entsprechende Dehnungen und Kräfte K über die Alterung gemessen. In particular, Fig. 2 shows the force dependence of the capacity degradation, which is determined via the damage rate D c . The damage rate D c is calculated using the following two mathematical rules. Firstly, via the covariance: or alternatively via the direct derivation of the curve: dS0H c D r = - - c dETP The battery test 20 according to Fig. 2 was carried out under real stress conditions and the corresponding strains and forces K were measured over the aging process using special measuring technology.
Fig. 3 zeigt ein schematisches Kraft-Schädigungsraten-Diagramm, wobei die Kraft K insbesondere in Kilonewton angegeben ist und die Schädigungsrate Dc in Prozent von Megawattstunden. Hierbei ist insbesondere erkennbar, dass die abgeleiteten Schädigungsraten Dc aus der Zellebene zu einer realen Batteriemessung passen. Darüber hinaus kann sowohl in der Batteriemessung als auch in der entsprechenden Zellmessung ein parabolischer Verlauf der Schädigungsraten Dc über den anliegenden Druck beziehungsweise die Kraft K ermittelt werden. Somit resultiert daraus, dass ein optimaler Betriebspunkt der Gegenkraft im Bereich von 10 Kilonewton liegt und im Umkehrschluss kann die Lebensdauer maximiert werden, wenn die Batterie beziehungsweise der elektrische Energiespeicher entweder durch inhärente Auslegung nur in diesem Bereich betrieben wird oder durch eine externe Regelung in diesem Bereich, beispielsweise mit Druckregulierungseinrichtung 10, reguliert wird. Fig. 3 shows a schematic force-damage rate diagram, where the force K is given in kilonewtons and the damage rate D c in percent of megawatt hours. It is particularly evident here that the damage rates D c derived from the cell level match a real battery measurement. In addition, a parabolic curve of the damage rates D c over the applied pressure or force K can be determined both in the battery measurement and in the corresponding cell measurement. This means that an optimal operating point for the counterforce is in the range of 10 kilonewtons and, conversely, the service life can be maximized if the battery or the electrical energy storage device is either only operated in this range due to its inherent design or is regulated in this range by an external control system, for example with a pressure regulating device 10.
Aus der Erfindung gehen somit Verbesserungen und Empfehlungen hervor, zum einen ist eine aktive Druckregulierung für eine Lebensdauersteigerung gezeigt. Weiterhin geht hervor, dass die Kräfte K im Modul möglichst konstant zu halten sind und über der Zellreihe, da ansonsten inhomogene Kraftverteilungen zu inhomogenen Druckentwicklungen führen. Darüber hinaus ist erkennbar, dass Module beziehungsweise Zellreihen möglichst kompakt und so gebaut werden sollten, dass man sich über die Alterung und das Zellwachstum im optimalen Bereich des Drucks beziehungsweise der Kraft K bewegt.
The invention therefore provides improvements and recommendations. On the one hand, active pressure regulation is shown to increase the service life. It also shows that the forces K in the module and across the cell row should be kept as constant as possible, otherwise inhomogeneous force distributions lead to inhomogeneous pressure developments. It is also clear that modules or cell rows should be built as compactly as possible and in such a way that the pressure or force K remains in the optimal range over aging and cell growth.
Claims
Neue Patentansprüche Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate (Dc) einer Batteriezelle (16) für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs mittels einer elektronischen Recheneinrichtung (12), mit den Schritten: New patent claims Method for determining a damage rate (Dc) of a battery cell (16) for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of an electronic computing device (12), comprising the steps:
- Bestimmen einer Kapazitätsdegradation der Batteriezelle (16) in Abhängigkeit von einer aufgrund einer Zellschwellung der Batteriezelle (16) erzeugten Kraft; - determining a capacity degradation of the battery cell (16) as a function of a force generated due to cell swelling of the battery cell (16);
- Bestimmen eines Alterungszustands (SOH) der Batteriezelle (16); und - determining a state of aging (SOH) of the battery cell (16); and
- Bestimmen der Schädigungsrate (Dc) in Abhängigkeit von der Kapazitätsdegradation und des Alterungszustands (SOH), wobei die Schädigungsrate (Dc) auf Basis eines Kovarianzverfahrens bestimmt wird oder die Schädigungsrate (Dc) auf Basis einer Ableitung mittels der Formel: dSOHc Dr = - - c dETP bestimmt wird, wobei Dc der Schädigungsrate, SOHc dem Alterungszustand und ETP einem Energiedurchfluss entspricht. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schädigungsrate (Dc) mittels der Formel:
bestimmt wird, wobei Dc der Schädigungsrate, SOHc dem Alterungszustand und ETP einem Energiedurchfluss entspricht.
Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer einstellbaren Kraft (K) für zumindest eine Batteriezelle (16) für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs mittels einer Druckregulierungseinrichtung (10), wobei eine Schädigungsrate (Dc) auf Basis eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2 bestimmt wird, und in Abhängigkeit von der bestimmten Schädigungsrate (Dc) eine kontinuierlich auszuübende Kraft (K) auf die Batteriezelle (16) bestimmt wird. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine kontinuierliche Kraft (K) zwischen 9kN und 11 kN, insbesondere 10kN, eingestellt wird. Computerprogrammprodukt mit Programmcodemitteln, welche eine elektronische Recheneinrichtung (12) dazu veranlassen, wenn die Programmcodemittel von der elektronischen Recheneinrichtung (12) abgearbeitet werden, ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2 und/oder 3 und 4 durchzuführen. Computerlesbares Speichermedium mit einem Computerprogrammprodukt nach Anspruch 5. Elektronische Recheneinrichtung (12) zum Bestimmen einer Schädigungsrate (Dc) einer Batteriezelle (16) für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei die elektronische Recheneinrichtung (12) zum Durchführen eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2 ausgebildet ist. Druckregulierungseinrichtung (10) zum Bestimmen einer einstellbaren Kraft (K) für zumindest eine Batteriezelle (16) für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eines zumindest teilweise elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei die Druckregulierungseinrichtung (10) zum Durchführen eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4 ausgebildet ist.
- Determining the damage rate (Dc) as a function of the capacity degradation and the aging state (SOH), wherein the damage rate (Dc) is determined on the basis of a covariance method or the damage rate (Dc) is determined on the basis of a derivation using the formula: dSOH c D r = - - c dETP, wherein Dc corresponds to the damage rate, SOHc to the aging state and ETP to an energy flow. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the damage rate (Dc) is determined using the formula: where Dc is the damage rate, SOHc is the aging state and ETP is an energy flow. Method for determining an adjustable force (K) for at least one battery cell (16) for an electrical energy storage device of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle by means of a pressure regulating device (10), wherein a damage rate (Dc) is determined on the basis of a method according to one of claims 1 to 2, and a force (K) to be continuously exerted on the battery cell (16) is determined as a function of the determined damage rate (Dc). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that a continuous force (K) between 9 kN and 11 kN, in particular 10 kN, is set. Computer program product with program code means which cause an electronic computing device (12) to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 2 and/or 3 and 4 when the program code means are processed by the electronic computing device (12). Computer-readable storage medium with a computer program product according to claim 5. Electronic computing device (12) for determining a damage rate (Dc) of a battery cell (16) for an electrical energy store of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle, wherein the electronic computing device (12) is designed to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 2. Pressure regulating device (10) for determining an adjustable force (K) for at least one battery cell (16) for an electrical energy store of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle, wherein the pressure regulating device (10) is designed to carry out a method according to one of claims 3 or 4.
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DE102019004928A1 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-21 | Daimler Ag | Battery for an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle with at least one flexible tensioning device, which is supported on a motor vehicle component, and motor vehicle |
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