WO2024102603A1 - Conjugaison pontée par glycane bisécant pour la production de conjugués de glycoprotéines - Google Patents

Conjugaison pontée par glycane bisécant pour la production de conjugués de glycoprotéines Download PDF

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WO2024102603A1
WO2024102603A1 PCT/US2023/078425 US2023078425W WO2024102603A1 WO 2024102603 A1 WO2024102603 A1 WO 2024102603A1 US 2023078425 W US2023078425 W US 2023078425W WO 2024102603 A1 WO2024102603 A1 WO 2024102603A1
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azide
mole
residue
glcnac
fa2b
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PCT/US2023/078425
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English (en)
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Yen-Pang HSU
Sampat L. INGALE
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Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/68031—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being an auristatin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/65—Peptidic linkers, binders or spacers, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A61K47/6855—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell the tumour determinant being from breast cancer cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/32—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against translation products of oncogenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/77—Internalization into the cell

Definitions

  • ADCs Antibody-drug-conjugates
  • ADCs are versatile molecules composed of a monoclonal antibody covalently connected to small molecules.
  • the antibody endows high binding specificity to the target, an improved lifetime in vivo, and the ability to trigger effector-mediated immune responses to clear the pathogenic targets.
  • the payload molecules provide cytotoxicity with mechanisms of action to kill or impair functions of the targets. In concert, these functionalities are imperative in creating effective therapeutics with improved safety and pharmacokinetic properties. Conjugation through the existing lysine residues (e.g., by amine-succinimidyl ester) is one of the most commonly used methods for ADC development (Alves, Antib. Ther.2, 33-39 (2019); Chari et al., Angew. Chemie Int.
  • the antibody N-glycan presents another great opportunity for this purpose because (1) antibody glycosylation sites are highly conserved and (2) the difference between glycan and peptide chemistry (i.e., glycosidic bonds versus amide bonds) enables several bio- orthogonal reactions to modify glycan structures (Agnew et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem.413, 4989- 5001 (2021); Li et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  • Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), the major antibody class for ADCs development, has conserved N-glycans at Asn297 in the Fc domain with over 25 glycoforms being identified (Puci ⁇ et al., Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10, doi:10.1074/mcp.M111.010090 (2011)).
  • Endoglycosidases have been used to trim the glycan structures down to the conserved fucose-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) dipeptide to enable enzymatic or chemical installation of coupling handles, such as azide (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  • the present invention provides a conjugation strategy that enables efficient, gene editing-free conjugation with site-specificity for generating glycoprotein conjugates and ADCs in particular.
  • the present invention comprises linking N-azido acetylglucosamine (azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz) to the ⁇ 1,4 linked mannose of the trimannose core of one or more IgG N-glycans, each azido-GlcNAc conjugated to the asparagine residue of an N-glycosylation site having the consensus amino acid sequence Asparagine-X-serine/threonine, wherein X is any amino acid except for proline, using human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III or MGAT3), wherein the azido-GlcNAc may then serve as an attachment point for azide-alkyne click chemistry conjugation to alkyne-bearing
  • conjugation through the bisecting position of the N-glycan preserves the opportunity to remodel the N-glycan antenna structures of the bisected N-glycan to be terminated with galactose and/or ⁇ 2,3 or ⁇ 2,6 sialic acid residues, which are known to mediate various effector functions of antibodies, creating possibilities to fine-tune the ADC immune responses.
  • the conjugation strategy of the present invention enables the production of ADCs having a DAR of up to two when the only N-glycosylation sites on the antibody are located at the Asn at position 297 (according to Eu numbering) of the heavy chain constant domain but may be greater than two if there are additional naturally occurring N-glycosylation sites located in the V H and/or V L domains.
  • ADCs with DARs of up to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 may be obtained (See for example, U.S. Patent No.11332544 for engineered non-native N-glycan sites in antibodies).
  • the present invention provides a glycoprotein comprising protein conjugated to at least one bisected N-glycan in which the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,4 linked mannose residue of the trimannosyl core (M3) of the bisected N-glycan is linked to the reducing end of an azido-N- acetyl glucosamine (6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz) residue in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage, wherein M3 is represented by the formula comprising Man ⁇ 1-3(Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1– Asn; wherein the 6-azido-GlcNAc and GlcNAz is represented by the formula comprising ; and, wherein the nonreducing end of at least one of the ⁇ 1,6-linked or ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residues is linked to the reducing end of an N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage
  • the nonreducing end of the GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage. In a further embodiment, the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage. In a further embodiment, the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,6-linked mannose residue is linked to the reducing end of a first GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage and the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residue is linked to the reducing end of a second GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage.
  • the nonreducing end of the first GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage;
  • the nonreducing end of the second GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage; or
  • the nonreducing end of the first GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a first galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage and the nonreducing end of the second GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a second galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage.
  • nonreducing end of the galactose residue of (i) or (ii) or the nonreducing end of the first and second galactose residues of (iii) each linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • nonreducing end of the galactose residue of (i) or (ii) or the nonreducing end of the first and second galactose residues of (iii) each linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage.
  • the azido group of the azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz is conjugated to a payload comprising an alkyne function group in a triazole linkage.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the protein comprises the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of an antibody.
  • the protein is an antibody having a heavy chain and a light chain.
  • the present invention provides an antibody conjugated to at least one bisected N- glycan in which the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,4 linked mannose residue of the trimannosyl core (M3) of the bisected N-glycan is linked to the reducing end of an azido-N-acetyl glucosamine (6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz) residue in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage, wherein M3 is represented by the formula comprising Man ⁇ 1-3(Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn; wherein the 6-azido- GlcNAc is represented by the formula comprising 6 -Azido-GlcNAc ; and GlcNAz is represented by the formula comprising ; wherein the nonreducing end of at least one of the ⁇ 1,6-linked or ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residues is linked to the reducing end of an N-acetyl glucosamine (G
  • the nonreducing end of the GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage. In a further embodiment, the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage. In a further embodiment, the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,6-linked mannose residue is linked to the reducing end of a first GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage and the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residue is linked to the reducing end of a second GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage.
  • the nonreducing end of the first GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage;
  • the nonreducing end of the second GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage; or
  • the nonreducing end of the first GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a first galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage and the nonreducing end of the second GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a second galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage.
  • nonreducing end of the galactose residue of (i) or (ii) or the nonreducing end of the first and second galactose residues of (iii) each linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • nonreducing end of the galactose residue of (i) or (ii) or the nonreducing end of the first and second galactose residues of (iii) each linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage.
  • the azido group of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz is conjugated to a payload comprising an alkyne function group in a triazole linkage.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the bisected N-glycan is conjugated to an asparagine residue at position 297 of the constant domain, wherein the position is according to Eu numbering.
  • the bisected N-glycan is conjugated to an asparagine residue of a N-glycosylation site comprising the amino acid sequence asparagine-X- serine/threonine wherein X is any amino acid except proline.
  • the present invention further provides an antibody comprising the structure: A b-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide
  • the present invention further provides a composition comprising a plurality of antibodies and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein each antibody independently comprises the structure: A b-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is provided by a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide
  • the composition comprises predominantly one or two bisected N-glycan B structures.
  • the predominant one or two bisected N-glycan B structures comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the total N-glycans of the composition.
  • the present invention further provides an antibody conjugate comprising the structure: A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of the bisected N-glycan B in a triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide
  • the bisecting sugar residue is azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue, and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the present invention further provides a composition comprising a plurality of ADCs and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein each ADC independently comprises the structure: A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of bisected N- glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; 25584 FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-
  • the composition comprises predominantly one or two bisected N-glycan B structures.
  • the predominant one or two bisected N-glycan B structures comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the total N-glycans of the composition.
  • the bisecting sugar residue is azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B-azide or FA2B-azide or both A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 25584 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1- azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1- azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2- azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the present invention further provides for the use of an antibody conjugate comprising the structure: A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20 for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of a disease or disorder in a subject.
  • the disease or disorder is cancer.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-
  • the bisecting sugar residue is azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, 25584 dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the present invention further provides an antibody conjugate comprising the structure: A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20 for treatment of a disease or disorder.
  • the disease or disorder is cancer.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-
  • the bisecting sugar residue is azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure 25584 wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the present invention further provides a method for treating a disease or disorder in a subject comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody conjugate comprising the structure: 25584 A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • the disease or disorder is cancer.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-
  • the bisecting sugar residue is azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure 25584 wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti- inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the present invention further provides use of an antibody comprising the structure: A b-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20 for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of a disease or disorder.
  • the disease or disorder is cancer.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; 25584 A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-
  • the present invention further provides an antibody comprising the structure: A b-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20 for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of a disease or disorder.
  • the disease or disorder is cancer.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide
  • the present invention further provides an antibody comprising the structure: A b-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20 for the manufacture of an antibody conjugate.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide
  • the present invention provides a method for making a composition of antibodies comprising the structure: A b-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20, comprising the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous composition of N-glycosylated antibodies comprising a plurality of complex N-glycans; (b) reacting the N-glycosylated antibodies with a neuraminidase and a galactosidase to produce N-glycosylated antibodies comprising predominantly GlcNAc terminated N-glycans; (c) reacting the GlcNAc-terminated N-glycans with human N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III or
  • the antibodies from step (c) are isolated to provide a composition comprising the antibodies comprising structure Ab-[B] n .
  • the antibodies comprising structure Ab-[B] n are reacted with one or more fucosidases to produce a composition comprising afucosylated antibodies comprising structure Ab-[B] n .
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz.
  • the antibodies in step (c) are reacted with a ⁇ 1-4 galactosyltransferase in the presence of UDP-galactose to produce galactose-terminated bisected N-glycans comprising predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2B[3]G1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; and, FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz.
  • the galactose-terminated bisected N-glycans are reacted with (i) ⁇ 2-6-sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce sialic acid terminated N-glycans comprising predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of 25584 A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; and, FA2BG2S2(6)-azide or (ii) ⁇ 2-3-sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce sialic acid terminated N-glycans comprising predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B
  • the antibodies in step (b) are reacted with one or more N- acetyl-glucosaminidases to produce antibodies comprising paucimannose N-glycans, which are then reacted with GnT-I to produce antibodies comprising N-glycans comprising the structure A1[3] and FA1[3] and the resulting antibodies are reacted with GnT-III to produce bisected N- glycan B comprising a structure selected from the group consisting of A1B[3]-azide and FA1B[3]-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz.
  • the antibodies in step (c) are further reacted with a ⁇ 1- 4 galactosyltransferase in the presence of UDP-galactose to produce galactose-terminated bisected N-glycans comprising predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of A1B[3]-azide; FA1B[3]-azide; A1B[3]G1-azide; and FA1B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz.
  • the galactose-terminated bisected N-glycans are reacted with (i) ⁇ 2-6-sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce sialic acid terminated N-glycans comprising predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of A1B[3]G1S1(6)-azide and FA1B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; or (ii) ⁇ 2-3-sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce sialic acid terminated N-glycans comprising predominantly a structure selected from the group consisting of A1B[3]G1S1(6)-azide and FA1B[3]G1S1(6)- azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz.
  • the present invention further provides a method for producing an antibody conjugate comprising: ( a) providing an antibody comprising the structure Ab-[B] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue of the bisected N-glycan is a 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20; and (b) conjugating the alkyne functional group of L-Pay or Pay, when L is a bond, to the azide functional group to produce an antibody conjugate comprising the structure Ab-[B-T-L- Pay] n .
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide
  • the present invention further provides an antibody comprising one or more N- glycans selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S
  • the present invention further provides an antibody comprising one or more N- glycans selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S
  • the present invention further provides an antibody comprising one or more N- glycans selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S
  • the present invention further provides an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an antibody disclosed herein conjugated to a payload comprising an alkyne group.
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • the payload is a cytotoxic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a radionuclide, or diagnostic agent.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig.1A shows a scheme for converting FA2 to FA2B using N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) in the presence of UDP-azido-GlcNAc (N 3 -UDP- ⁇ ).
  • GnT-III N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III
  • N 3 -UDP- ⁇ UDP-azido-GlcNAc
  • 1B shows installing azido-GlcNAc (N 3 -UDP- ⁇ ) to antibody N-glycans through the activity of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III). Shown is dose-dependent treatment of GnT-III on intact human serum IgGs with FA2 and FA2B glycoforms to introduce the bisecting azido-GlcNAc residue thereon.
  • the bottom chromatogram shows the control experiment using UDP-GlcNAc as the saccharide donor, instead of UDP-azido-GlcNAc.
  • Fig.1C shows a comparison of GnT-III activity between different UDP-GlcNAc derivative substrates.
  • Fig.2 shows glycan profile analysis using liquid chromatography. Upper panel: glycan standards isolated from human serum. Oxford notation is used for glycan nomenclature. Bottom panel: native anti-HER2 mouse IgG2a glycan profile. Glycan mass was confirmed by a tandem mass spectrometer (data available on inquiry).
  • Figs.3A-3D show payload conjugation through the N-glycan bisecting site.
  • Fig.3A shows an exemplary scheme of the bisecting glycan conjugation strategy.
  • the N-glycans of an IgG comprising fucose are harmonized to FA2.
  • GnT-III is then used to install an azido-GlcNAc to the bisecting position of IgG N-glycans.
  • a payload comprising a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) group is conjugated to the azide group of the azido-GlcNAc.
  • the resulting conjugate comprises the payload linked to the bisecting N-glycan in a triazole linkage.
  • DBCO dibenzocyclooctyne
  • the oval shape represents the payload.
  • Fig.3B shows an exemplary payload comprising the cytotoxin MMAE linked to a DBCO group via PEG4 linker.
  • Fig.3C shows deconvoluted mass of the mouse IgG substrate before and after monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) conjugation to the exemplary payload of Fig.3B.
  • Data shows the heavy chains (HC) only for simplicity. No conjugation was observed on the light chains.
  • the oval shape represents the payload.
  • Fig.3D shows LC-MS analysis on isolated substrate N-glycans confirmed the formation of the FA2-azido glycoform after glycan remodeling.
  • Fig.4A-4C shows a linker cleavage study using Cathepsin B and Endoglycosidase S (Endo S).
  • Fig.4A shows that mass spectrometry analysis indicated that Cathepsin B cleaves the Valine-Citruline-p-aminobenzylalcohol (Val-Cit-PAB) linker (ii); while Endo S cleaves the ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc-GlcNAc linkage (iii). In-line fragmentation of the MMAE/linker was observed (i) in the analysis.
  • Fig.4B shows formulas of MMAE and linker with (Fig.4B-1, Fig.4B-2, and Fig. 4B-3) and without (Fig.4B-3, Fig.4B-4, and Fig.4B-5) the cleavable Val-Cit-PABC peptides conjugated to the FA2B-azide N-glycans of an antibody. Dashed lines indicated the cleavage sites observed in the MS analysis.
  • Fig.4C shows quantitative analysis of ADC recovery from rat plasma after incubation for 3 days. Day 0: the samples were frozen immediately after the ADCs were added to plasma.
  • Figs.5A-5B shows synthesis of human IgG-MMAE ADC using bisecting-glycan bridged conjugation to FA2B-azide.
  • Fig.5A shows LC-MS analysis of isolated N-glycans from anti-HER2 human IgG1 (Trastuzumab biosimilar) and its glycoengineering into FA2B-azide and A2B-azide glycoforms.
  • Fig.5B shows MMAE conjugation was confirmed by deconvoluted IgG mass. Data shows the heavy chains (HC) only for simplicity. No conjugation was observed on the light chains. The oval shape represents the payload.
  • Figs.6A-6D show payload conjugation through bisecting glycans is biocompatible.
  • Isotype hIgG1 refers to a generic human IgG isotype standard; hIgG1 refers to anti-HER2 human IgG1 (Trastuzumab biosimilar); and hIgG1-MMAE refers to Trastuzumab biosimilar conjugated to MMAE via the bisecting N-glycan FA2B-azide.
  • Fig.6A shows a comparison of HER2 binding ability before and after MMAE conjugation to FA2B-azide using biolayer interferometry (BLI). Star marks: show that isotype hIgG1 has no detectable binding signal in the tested concentration range.
  • Fig.6B shows flow cytometry assay confirmed the binding of hIgG1-MMAE to SKBR3 surface.
  • A cells without secondary antibody staining
  • B cells without hIgG1-MMAE treatment
  • C cells treated with both hIgG1-MMAE and secondary antibody.
  • the hIgG1-MMAE was used as the primary antibody to detect HER2 and an anti-human IgG antibody was used as the secondary antibody.
  • Fig.6C shows hIgG1-MMAE internalization study using SKBR3 cells and Incucyte ® ADC internalization assay (Sartorius AG).
  • Fig.6D shows a comparison of Fc ⁇ Rs binding ability before and after MMAE conjugation using BLI.
  • Fig.6E shows cell viability studies demonstrate target-specific toxicity of the hIgG-MMAE compared to ADCs synthesized by using lysine conjugation or engineered cysteine conjugation (positive controls).
  • ADCs made of isotype human IgG1 were used as the negative controls.
  • FA2B-azide structure is shown.
  • Fig.6F shows a comparison of HER2-expressing cell killing activity between hIgG-MMAE conjugated to FA2B-azide or FA2BG2-azide.
  • Figs.7A-7C shows glycoengineering of ADCs and its impact on Fc ⁇ R interactions.
  • Fig.7A shows a scheme of glycoengineering methods to control ADC glycoforms.
  • Fig.7B-1 shows chromatographic analysis of engineered N-glycans.
  • Fig.7B-2 Mass spectrometry analysis of the reduced human IgG1 Trastuzumab biosimilar with engineered N-glycoforms and the corresponding MMAE ADCs.
  • HC stands for heavy chain.
  • the oval shape represents the payload.
  • Fig.7C shows Fc ⁇ R binding response assay using BLI reveals the regulatory effects of ADC glycoforms. The binding assay was triplicated. Curve width indicates the standard deviation at each time point.
  • Fig.8 shows optimization of GnT-III reactions to install azido-GlcNAc on intact human serum IgG. Serum IgG with FA2 glycoform was used as the substrate.
  • the figure presents each data point and the mean value.
  • Fig.9 shows GnT-III substrate selectivity on serum IgG with different glycoforms. GnT-III only functions on N-glycans having a terminal GlcNAc residue.
  • the transformation of N-glycan structures was carried out by successive enzymatic remodeling as reported in Hsu, Y.-P. et al. Successive remodeling of IgG glycans using a solid-phase enzymatic platform. Communications Biology 5, 328 (2022).
  • Fig.10 shows synthesis of mouse IgG-MMAE ADC.
  • Panel A shows a table summarizing the observed mass changes of mouse IgG heavy chain (HC) after glycan harmonization, azido-GlcNAc introduction, and MMAE conjugation reactions. Refer to Fig.3C for the mass spectra.
  • Panel B shows that a change in hydrophilicity was observed after MMAE conjugation, as indicated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
  • Panel C shows that size- exclusion chromatography did not show any significant change in protein size after MMAE conjugation, indicating no aggregation or degradation after the reaction.
  • Fig.11 shows synthesis of human IgG-MMAE ADC.
  • Panel A the table summarizes the observed mass changes of human IgG heavy chain (HC) after glycan harmonization, azido-GlcNAc introduction, and MMAE conjugation reactions.
  • HC human IgG heavy chain
  • Fig.5B for the mass spectra.
  • Panel B shows a change in hydrophilicity was observed after MMAE conjugation, as indicated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
  • Panel C shows that size- exclusion chromatography did not show any significant change in protein size after MMAE conjugation.
  • Fig.12A shows a Western Blot analysis of human IgG1-MMAE ADC binding ability to human HER2.
  • the ADC was used as the primary antibody to detect HER2, and an anti- human IgG antibody was used as the secondary antibody.
  • Fig.12B shows cell images were collected from the Incucyte ® ADC internalization assay.
  • FabFluoris a pH-sensitive probe that turns red color after internalization into cell lysosome.
  • Fig.13 shows a comparison of HER2 and Fc ⁇ Rs binding ability before and after MMAE conjugation to the mouse IgG2a substrate using BLI. Star mark: no detectable binding signal in the tested concentration range.
  • Fig.14 shows that melting temperature (Tm) and aggregation temperature (Tagg) assays showed no detectable destabilizing effect after the payload conjugation. Each data point and the mean value are presented.
  • Fig.15A, Fig.15B, Fig.15C, Fig.15D and Fig.15E show various biantennary and bisected N-glycans structures drawn following the recommendations of the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD and may be accessed at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/glycans/snfg.html. The names of the structures correspond to the Oxford Notation Names in Table 1.
  • ⁇ 1-N linkage shown is the linkage between the reducing end of the chitobiose core (GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc) to the sidechain amino group of Asn that comprises the N-glycosylation site Asn-X-Thr/Ser wherein X is any amino acid except Pro.
  • Fig.16A, Fig.16B, and Fig.16C show exemplary azido-GlcNAc bisected N- glycan structures of the present invention drawn following the recommendations of the SNFG.
  • ⁇ 1-N linkage shown is the linkage between the reducing end of the chitobiose core to the sidechain amino group of Asn that comprises the N-glycosylation site Asn-X-Thr/Ser wherein X is any amino acid except Pro.
  • Fig.17 and Fig.17-1 show a representative structure of N-glycans comprising an A2B-azide core linked to the Asn residue of Ab or an FA2B-azide core linked to the Asn residue of Ab.
  • n is an integer from 1 to 20 and Ab is antibody.
  • Fig.18 and Fig.18-1 show a representative structure of N-glycans comprising an A2B-triazole-L-payload core linked to the Asn residue of Ab or an FA2B-triazole-L-payload core linked to the Asn residue of Ab.
  • n is an integer from 1 to 20
  • Pay is payload
  • L is a linker or a bond
  • Ab is antibody.
  • Fig.19 and Fig.19-1 show a representative structure of N-glycans comprising an A1B[3]-azide core linked to the Asn residue of Ab or FA1B[3]-azide core linked to the Asn residue of Ab.
  • n is an integer from 1 to 20 and Ab is antibody.
  • Fig.20 and Fig.20-1 show a representative structure of N-glycans comprising an A1B[3]-triazole-payload core linked to the Asn residue of Ab or an FA1B[3]-triazole-L-payload core linked to the Asn residue of Ab.
  • n is an integer from 1 to 20
  • Pay is payload
  • L is linker or a bond
  • Ab is antibody.
  • N-glycan and “glycoform” are used interchangeably and refer to an N-linked oligosaccharide, for example, one that is attached by an asparagine-N- acetylglucosamine linkage to an asparagine residue of a polypeptide.
  • N-linked glycoproteins 25584 contain an N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue in the protein.
  • glycoproteins The predominant sugars found on glycoproteins are glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), fucose (Fuc), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia).
  • Sialic acids are a class of ⁇ -keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone. The most common member of this group is N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) found in animals and some prokaryotes.
  • N -glycans have a common pentasaccharide core of Man 3 GlcNAc 2 comprising a mannose linked at its reducing end to the nonreducing end of a chitobiose core (GlcNAc ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc) in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage and one mannose residue linked to the ⁇ 1,4 linked mannose in an ⁇ 1,3 linkage and the other mannose linked to the ⁇ 1,4-linked mannose in an ⁇ 1,6 linkage, represented by the structure showing the Man 3 GlcNAc 2 linked to an asparagine residue comprising an N-glycosylation site in a glycoprotein Man ⁇ 1-6 M an ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1 A sn Man ⁇ 1-3 .
  • the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end may also be linked to a fucose residue in an ⁇ 1,6 linkage.
  • N-glycan structures are presented with the nonreducing end to the left and the reducing end to the right or the nonreducing end at the top and the reducing end at the bottom.
  • the reducing end of the N-glycan is the end that is attached to the Asn residue comprising the glycosylation site on the protein.
  • N-glycans differ with respect to the number of branches (antennae) comprising peripheral sugars (e.g., GlcNAc, galactose, fucose and sialic acid) that are added to the Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (“Man 3 ”) core structure, which is also referred to as the “trimannose core”, the “pentasaccharide core”, the trimannosyl core”, or the “paucimannose core”.
  • N-glycans are classified according to their branched constituents (e.g., high mannose, complex, or hybrid).
  • a “high mannose” type N-glycan comprises five or more mannose residues.
  • a “complex” type N-glycan typically has at least one GlcNAc residue attached in a ⁇ 1,2 linkage to the nonreducing end of the mannose residue at the nonreducing end of the 1,3 mannose arm and at least one GlcNAc residue attached in a ⁇ 1,2 linkage to the nonreducing end of the mannose residue at the nonreducing end of the 1,6 mannose arm of the trimannose core.
  • Complex N-glycans may further include galactose (“Gal”) or N- acetylgalactosamine (“GalNAc”) residues that are optionally further linked to sialic acid (“Sia”) 25584 or Sia derivatives (e.g., “NANA” or “NeuAc”, where “Neu” refers to neuraminic acid and “Ac” refers to acetyl).
  • Gal galactose
  • GalNAc N- acetylgalactosamine
  • Sia derivatives e.g., “NANA” or “NeuAc”, where “Neu” refers to neuraminic acid and “Ac” refers to acetyl.
  • Complex N-glycans may also have intrachain substitutions comprising “bisecting” GlcNAc residue and core fucose (“Fuc”) residue.
  • a “hybrid” N-glycan comprises at least one GlcNAc attached in a ⁇ 1,2 linkage to the nonreducing end of the mannose residue at the nonreducing end of the 1,3 mannose arm of the trimannose core and zero or more mannoses attached to the nonreducing end of the mannose on the nonreducing end of the 1,6 mannose arm of the trimannose core.
  • the GlcNAc residue may then be attached to a galactose residue and the galactose residue may be attached to a sialic acid residues.
  • N-glycans are also referred to as “glycoforms.”
  • G-2 With respect to complex N-glycans, the terms "G-2”, “G-1”, “G0”, “G1”, “G2”, “A1”, and “A2” mean the following.
  • G-2 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G-1 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G0 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G1 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GalGlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G2 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • the term “A1” refers to an N- glycan structure that can be characterized as SiaGal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • A2 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Sia 2
  • G-2", “G-1”, “G0”, “G1”, “G2”, “A1”, and “A2” refer to N-glycan species that lack fucose attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • the term includes an “F”
  • the "F” indicates that the N-glycan species contains a fucose residue on the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • G0F, G1F, G2F, A1F, and A2F all indicate that the N-glycan further includes a fucose residue attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • N-glycans include biantennary N-glycans, bisected N-glycans, and multiantennary N-glycans.
  • the N-glycan comprises a 1,6 mannose arm and a 1,3 mannose arm in which the 1,6 mannose arm and the 1,3 mannose arm each comprises one GlcNAc residue linked in a ⁇ 1,2 linkage to the mannose residue at the non- reducing end of the arm.
  • Each GlcNAc residue may be independently further attached to a 25584 galactose residue and each galactose residue may be independently further attached to a sialic acid residue.
  • biantennary N-glycans may include N-glycans having the short-hand formula GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , Gal (1-2) GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , or Sia (1-2) Gal (1- 2) GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 .
  • the term "(1-2)" refers to 1 or 2 sugar residues.
  • multiantennary N-glycan refers to a biantennary N-glycan that further comprises (i) a GlcNAc residue attached in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage to the nonreducing end of the mannose residue comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm or the 1,3 arm of the N-glycan or (ii) a GlcNAc residue is attached in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage to the nonreducing end of the mannose residue comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm and a GlcNAc residue is attached in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage to the nonreducing end of the mannose residue comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,3 arm of the N-glycan.
  • Each GlcNAc residue may be independently further attached to a galactose residue and the galactose residue may be independently further attached to a sialic acid residue.
  • multiantennary N-glycans can be characterized by the short-hand formulas GlcNAc (3-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (3- 4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , or Sia (1-4) Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (3-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 .
  • the term "(1-4)" refers to 1, 2, 3, or 4 residues and the term “(3-4)” refers to 3 or 4 sugar residues.
  • bisected N-glycan refers to N- glycans in which the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue is linked in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage to the nonreducing end of the central mannose residue at the nonreducing end of the trimannose core.
  • a bisected N-glycan may be characterized by the formula GlcNAc 3 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 wherein each mannose residue is linked at its non-reducing end to a GlcNAc residue.
  • a multiantennary N-glycan is characterized as GlcNAc 3 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • the short-hand formula indicates that two GlcNAc residues are linked to the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of one of the two arms of the N-glycan and one GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of the other arm of the N-glycan.
  • the GlcNAc residues at the end of the 1,3 and 1,6 arms of the bisected N-glycan may each be further linked to a galactose residue, which may be further linked to a sialic acid residue, the bisecting GlcNAc residue is not further extended.
  • Table 1 provides a list of representative biantennary and bisected N-glycans, which includes the linkage to the Asn residue in the N-glycosylation site Asn-X-Ser/Thr, wherein X may be any amino acid other than proline.
  • Fig.15A, Fig.15B, Fig.15C, and Fig.15D shows these various biantennary and bisected N-glycans structures drawn following the 25584 recommendations of the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD and may be access at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/glycans/snfg.html.
  • 25584 25584 25584 25584 25584 25584 25584 25584 Abbreviations used herein are of common usage in the art, see, e.g., abbreviations of sugars, above.
  • N-azidoacetylglucosamine refers to an N-acetylglucosamine comprising an azide group linked to the terminal carbon of the acetyl group thereof or to the C6 carbon thereof.
  • GlcNAz refers to an N-acetylglucosamine comprising an azide group linked to the terminal carbon of its acetyl group and may be represented by the following formula .
  • GlcNAz residue refers to the GlcNAz linked to the ⁇ 1- 4-linked mannose residue of the trimannose core and may be represented by the following formula wherein the wavy line is a bond to the C4 carbon of the ⁇ 1-4-linked mannose residue of the tri- mannose core.
  • the term further includes embodiments wherein the azide group is also linked to an alkyne of a payload or linker-payload.
  • the term “6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetyl-glucosamine” or “6-azido- GlcNAc” refers to a GlcNAc residue comprising an azido group linked to the C6 carbon and may be represented by the formula . 25584 As used herein, the term “6-azido-GlcNAc residue” refers to the GlcNAz linked to the ⁇ 1-4-linked mannose residue of the trimannose core and may be represented by the following formula wherein the wavy line is a bond to the C4 carbon of the ⁇ 1-4-linked mannose residue of the tri- mannose core.
  • glycoprotein refers to any protein having one or more N-glycans attached thereto.
  • the term refers both to proteins that are generally recognized in the art as a glycoprotein and to proteins which have been genetically engineered to contain one or more N-linked glycosylation sites.
  • a “humanized glycoprotein” or a “human-like glycoprotein” refers alternatively to a protein having attached thereto complex or hybrid N-glycans.
  • recombinant host cell (“expression host cell”, “expression host system”, “expression system” or simply “host cell”), as used herein, is intended to refer to a cell into which a recombinant vector has been introduced. It should be understood that such terms are intended to refer not only to the particular subject cell but to the progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term "host cell” as used herein.
  • a recombinant host cell may be an isolated cell or cell line grown in culture or may be a cell which resides in a living tissue or organism. Preferred host cells are yeasts and fungi.
  • mole percent of an N-glycan present in a preparation of a glycoprotein means the molar percent of a particular N-glycan present in the pool of N- linked oligosaccharides released when the protein preparation is treated with PNGase and then quantified by a method that is not affected by glycoform composition, (for instance, labeling a PNGase released glycan pool with a fluorescent tag such as 2-aminobenzamide and then separating by high performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis and then quantifying glycans by fluorescence intensity).
  • 50 mole percent Gal ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1,6)GlcNAc means that 50 percent 25584 of the released glycans are Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1– 4(Fuc ⁇ 1,6)GlcNAc and the remaining 50 percent are comprised of other N-linked oligosaccharides.
  • the mole percent of a particular glycan in a preparation of glycoprotein will be between 20% and 100%, preferably above 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% or 45%, more preferably above 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% or 70% and most preferably above 75%, 80% 85%, 90% or 95%.
  • operably linked expression control sequences refers to a linkage in which the expression control sequence is contiguous with the gene of interest to control the gene of interest, as well as expression control sequences that act in trans or at a distance to control the gene of interest.
  • expression control sequence or “regulatory sequences” are used interchangeably and as used herein refer to polynucleotide sequences which are necessary to affect the expression of coding sequences to which they are operably linked.
  • Expression control sequences are sequences which control the transcription, post-transcriptional events and translation of nucleic acid sequences.
  • Expression control sequences include appropriate transcription initiation, termination, promoter and enhancer sequences; efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation signals; sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA; sequences that enhance translation efficiency (e.g., ribosome binding sites); sequences that enhance protein stability; and when desired, sequences that enhance protein secretion.
  • control sequences differs depending upon the host organism; in prokaryotes, such control sequences generally include promoter, ribosomal binding site, and transcription termination sequence.
  • control sequences is intended to include, at a minimum, all components whose presence is essential for expression, and can also include additional components whose presence is advantageous, for example, leader sequences and fusion partner sequences.
  • transfect transfection
  • transfecting refer to the introduction of a heterologous nucleic acid into eukaryote cells, both higher and lower eukaryote cells.
  • the term “transformation” has been used to describe the introduction of a nucleic acid into a yeast or fungal cell; however, herein the term “transfection” is used to refer to the introduction of a nucleic acid into any eukaryote cell, including yeast and fungal cells.
  • eukaryotic refers to a nucleated cell or organism, and includes insect cells, plant cells, mammalian cells, animal cells and lower eukaryotic cells. 25584
  • the term “lower eukaryotic cells” includes yeast and filamentous fungi.
  • Yeast and filamentous fungi include, but are not limited to Pichia pastoris, Pichia finlandica, Pichia trehalophila, Pichia koclamae, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia minuta (Ogataea minuta, Pichia lindneri), Pichia opuntiae, Pichia thermotolerans, Pichia salictaria, Pichia guercuum, Pichia pijperi, Pichia stiptis, Pichia methanolica, Pichia sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces sp., Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma rees
  • the term "antibody” or “immunoglobulin” as used herein refers to a glycoprotein comprising at least two heavy chains (HCs) and two light chains (LCs) inter- connected by disulfide bonds.
  • Each HC is comprised of a heavy chain variable region or domain (V H ) and a heavy chain constant region or domain.
  • Each light chain is comprised of an LC variable region or domain (V L ) and a LC constant domain.
  • the heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3.
  • the basic antibody structural unit for antibodies is a Y-shaped tetramer comprising two HC/LC pairs (2H).
  • Each tetramer includes two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one LC (about 25 kDa) and HC chain (about 50-70 kDa) (H+L).
  • Each HC:LC pair comprises one V H : one V L pair.
  • the one V H :one V L pair may be referred to by the term “Fab”.
  • each antibody tetramer comprises two Fabs, one per each arm of the Y-shaped antibody.
  • T he LC constant domain is comprised of one domain, CL.
  • the human V H includes seven family members: V H 1, V H 2, V H 3, V H 4, V H 5, V H 6, and V H 7; and the human V L includes 16 family members: V ⁇ 1, V ⁇ 2, V ⁇ 3, V ⁇ 4, V ⁇ 5, V ⁇ 6, V ⁇ 1, V ⁇ 2, V ⁇ 3, V ⁇ 4, V ⁇ 5, V ⁇ 6, V ⁇ 7, V ⁇ 8, V ⁇ 9, and V ⁇ 10.
  • Each of these family members can be further divided into particular subtypes.
  • the V H and V L can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining region (CDR) areas, interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR).
  • CDR complementarity determining region
  • Each V H and V L is composed of three CDR regions and four FR regions, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4.
  • Numbering of the amino acids in a VH may be determined using the Kabat numbering scheme. See Béranger, et al., Ed. Ginetoux, Correspondence between the IMGT unique numbering for C-DOMAIN, the IMGT exon 25584 numbering, the Eu and Kabat numberings: Human IGHG, Created: 17/20172001, Version: 08/06/2016, which is accessible at www.imgt.org/IMGTScientificChart/Numbering/ Hu_IGHGnber.html).
  • the constant regions of the antibodies may mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the first component (C1q) of the classical complement system.
  • the numbering of the amino acids in the heavy chain constant domain begins with number 118, which is in accordance with the Eu numbering scheme.
  • the Eu numbering scheme is based upon the amino acid sequence of human IgG1 (Eu), which has a constant domain that begins at amino acid position 118 of the amino acid sequence of the IgG1 described in Edelman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain comprising the CDRs that interacts with an antigen.
  • the common numbering schemes include the following. • Kabat numbering scheme is based on sequence variability and is the most commonly used (See Kabat et al. Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed.
  • IMGT ImmunoGeneTics
  • IMGT ImmunoGeneTics numbering scheme is a standardized numbering system for all the protein sequences of the immunoglobulin superfamily, including variable domains from antibody light and heavy chains as well as T cell receptor chains from different species and counts residues continuously from 1 to 128 based on the germ-line V 25584 sequence alignment (see Giudicelli et al., Nucleic Acids Res.25:206–11 (1997); Lefranc, Immunol Today 18:509(1997); Lefranc et al., Dev Comp Immunol.27:55–77 (2003)).
  • the term “isolated” antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof are at least partially free of other biological molecules from the cells or cell cultures in which they are produced. Such biological molecules include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or other material such as cellular debris and growth medium. An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment may further be at least partially free of expression system components such as biological molecules from a host cell or of the growth medium thereof. Generally, the term “isolated” is not intended to refer to a complete absence of such biological molecules or to an absence of water, buffers, or salts or to components of a pharmaceutical formulation that includes the antibodies or fragments.
  • the term "monoclonal antibody” refers to a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the antibody molecules comprising the population are identical in amino acid sequence except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts.
  • conventional (polyclonal) antibody preparations typically include a multitude of different antibodies having different amino acid sequences in their variable domains that are often specific for different epitopes.
  • the modifier "monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
  • the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present 25584 invention may be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature 256: 495 (1975) or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.4,816,567).
  • the "monoclonal antibodies” may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991), and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol.222: 581-597 (1991), for example. See also Presta, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.116: 731 (2005).
  • Fc domain As used herein, the term "Fc domain”, “Fc region”, or “Fc” as used herein is the crystallizable fragment domain or region obtained from an antibody that comprises the CH2 and CH3 domains of an antibody, which defines the C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, including, for example, native sequence Fc regions, recombinant Fc regions, and variant Fc regions. Typically, amino acids in the Fc domain are numbered according to the Eu numbering convention (See Edelmann et al., Biochem.63: 78-85 (1969)).
  • the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is often defined to stretch from an amino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus thereof.
  • the heavy and light chains of antibodies are typically expressed as a precursor protein comprising a leader or signal peptide sequence at the N-terminus, which is removed following translation to provide the mature heavy and light chains.
  • the mature heavy chain and light chain N-terminal amino acid residues are usually independently a Gln or Glu residue. Either amino acid may spontaneously cyclize in vitro to form pyroglutamate, which may occur for substantially all antibodies in a composition.
  • a composition of intact antibodies may comprise antibody populations in which all N-terminal residues are pyroglutamate, antibody populations in which all N-terminal residues are Glu or Gln, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies in which the N-terminal residue is Glu, Gln, or pyroglutamate.
  • antibody or “immunoglobulin” or “VH” or “VL” or “HC” or “LC” include variants that comprise N-terminal pyroglutamate.
  • the C-terminal lysine of the heavy chain may be removed, for example, during production or purification of the antibody, or by recombinantly engineering the nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of the antibody to not include the codon for the K447 lysine.
  • a composition of intact antibodies may comprise antibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibody populations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue.
  • the heavy chain further has the G446 residue removed as well.
  • the term “antibody” or “immunoglobulin” or “HC” or “LC” include variants that lack a C- terminal K447 residue or G446 K447 residues.
  • the term “antibody” or “immunoglobulin” or “HC” or “LC” include a composition of intact antibodies that comprises antibody populations in which all N- terminal residues are pyroglutamate, antibody populations in which all N-terminal residues are Glu or Gln, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies in which the N-terminal residue is Glu, Gln, or pyroglutamate and may further comprise antibody populations with all K447 or G446 K447 residues removed, antibody populations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 or G446 K447 residue.
  • fragments within the scope of the terms “antibody” or “immunoglobulin” include those produced by digestion with various proteases, those produced by chemical cleavage and/or chemical dissociation and those produced recombinantly, so long as the fragment remains capable of specific binding to a target molecule.
  • fragments include Fc, Fab, Fab’, Fv, F(ab’)2, and single chain Fv (scFv) fragments.
  • fragments single chain Fv
  • Immunoglobulins further include immunoglobulins or fragments that have been modified in sequence but remain capable of specific binding to a target molecule, including: interspecies chimeric and humanized antibodies; antibody fusions; heteromeric antibody complexes and antibody fusions, such as diabodies (bispecific antibodies), single-chain diabodies, and intrabodies (See, for example, Intracellular Antibodies: Research and Disease Applications, (Marasco, ed., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1998).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
  • phagocytosis clearance of immunocomplexes
  • B cells IgG serum half-life
  • catalytic antibody refers to immunoglobulin molecules that are capable of catalyzing a biochemical reaction. Catalytic antibodies are well known in the art and have been described in U.S. Patent Application Nos.7,205,136; 4,888,281; 5,037,750 to Schochetman et al., U.S. Patent Application Nos.5,733,757; 5,985,626; and 6,368,839 to Barbas, III et al. (the disclosures of which are all incorporated herein by reference).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
  • phagocytosis clearance of immunocomplexes
  • B cells IgG serum half-life
  • the term “consisting essentially of” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers; while excluding modifications or other integers which would materially affect or alter the stated integer.
  • the term “consisting essentially of” a stated N-glycan will be understood to include the N-glycan whether or not that N-glycan is fucosylated at the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) which is directly linked to the asparagine residue of the glycoprotein.
  • the term "predominant” or “predominantly” used with respect to the production of N-glycans refers to a structure which represents the major peak detected by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UPLC-UV) absorbance measurement. Glycan masses may be confirmed with UPLC interfaced to electrospray quadrupole time-of- flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). For example, if a composition consists of species A at 40 mole percent, species B at 35 mole percent and species C at 25 mole percent, the composition comprises predominantly species A, and species B would be the next most predominant species.
  • UPLC-UV ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet
  • Some host cells may produce compositions comprising neutral N-glycans and charged N-glycans such as mannosylphosphate.
  • neutral N-glycan means that of the total plurality of neutral N-glycans in the composition, the predominant N-glycan is of a particular structure.
  • the term “essentially free of” a particular sugar residue, such as fucose, or galactose and the like, is used to indicate that the glycoprotein composition is substantially devoid of N-glycans which contain such residues.
  • 25584 essentially free means that the amount of N-glycan structures containing such sugar residues does not exceed 10%, and preferably is below 5%, more preferably below 1%, most preferably below 0.5%, wherein the percentages are by weight or by mole percent.
  • substantially all of the N- glycan structures in a glycoprotein composition according to the present invention are free of, for example, fucose, or galactose, or both.
  • a glycoprotein composition “lacks” or “is lacking” a particular sugar residue, such as fucose or galactose, when no detectable amount of such sugar residue is present on the N-glycan structures at any time.
  • the glycoprotein compositions are produced by lower eukaryotic organisms, as defined above, including yeast (for example, Pichia sp.; Saccharomyces sp.; Kluyveromyces sp.; Aspergillus sp.), and will “lack fucose,” because the cells of these organisms do not have the enzymes needed to produce fucosylated N-glycan structures.
  • yeast for example, Pichia sp.; Saccharomyces sp.; Kluyveromyces sp.; Aspergillus sp.
  • the term “essentially free of fucose” encompasses the term “lacking fucose.”
  • a composition may be “essentially free of fucose” even if the composition at one time contained fucosylated N-glycan structures or contains limited, but detectable amounts of fucosylated N-glycan structures as described above.
  • the term “multiplicity” refers to a large number of the same or substantially same molecules, proteins, enzymes, species, etc.
  • a multiplicity of glycoproteins refers to a population of glycoproteins in which the glycoproteins have the same amino acid sequence and the same N-glycan structure.
  • a multiplicity of glycoproteins refers to a population of glycoproteins wherein the glycoproteins have substantially the same amino acid sequence and the N-glycans have substantially the same structure.
  • the term “plurality” refers to a large number of a variety of species of molecules, proteins, enzymes, species, etc.
  • a plurality of glycoproteins refers to (i) a population of glycoproteins in which the glycoproteins have substantially the same amino acid sequence and more than one N-glycan structure, e.g., N-glycans comprising a mixture of Sia (1-2) Gal (1-2) GlcNAc (1-2) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , Gal (1-2) GlcNAc (1-2) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , and GlcNAc (1-2) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 structures, or (ii) a population of glycoproteins in which the glycoproteins comprise more than one amino acid sequence and a single N-glycan structure or more than one N-glycan structure.
  • N-glycans comprising a mixture of Sia (1-2) Gal (1-2) GlcNAc (1-2) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , Gal (1-2) GlcNAc (1-2) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , and GlcNAc (1-2) Man 3 Glc
  • the term “sequentially” refers to forming or following in a logical order or sequence.
  • a glycoprotein may be reacted with a neuraminidase, a galactosidase, and a GlcNAcase in that order to produce a paucimannose N-glycan.
  • the term “remodel” or “remodeling” refers to changing the structure of an N-glycan having a particular glycoform to another glycoform, by removing and/or adding sugar residues to the N-glycan. The term further includes changing the structures of the N- glycans of a population of glycoproteins.
  • glycosylation enzymes refers to exoglycosidases, endoglycosidases, and glycosyltransferases, and includes both native and naturally occurring enzymes and recombinant variants thereof that comprise at least the catalytic activity of the glycosylation enzyme.
  • exoglycosidases are glycoside hydrolase enzymes (EC 3.2) that cleave the glycosidic linkage of a terminal monosaccharide in an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.
  • Exoglycosidases include neuraminidases, galactosidases, N- acetylglucosaminidases, and fucosidases.
  • “endoglycosidases” are glycoside hydrolase enzymes (EC 3.2) that cleave the glycosidic linkage between the two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the chitobiose core, but which recognize and cleave different types of N-linked glycans.
  • endoglycosidase H cleaves within the chitobiose core of high mannose and some hybrid oligosaccharides from N-linked glycoproteins
  • endoglycosidase S is highly specific for removing N-linked glycans from the heavy chain of native IgG
  • endoglycosidase D cleaves paucimannose N-linked glycans.
  • glycosyltransferases are enzymes (EC 2.4) that catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar (also known as the "glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen-, carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-based.
  • glycosyltransferases include but are not limited to N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT) I, which transfers GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to the ⁇ 1,3-linked terminal mannose (Man) residue on paucimannose N-glycans; GnTII, which transfers GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to the ⁇ 1,6-linked terminal mannose of GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 N-glycans in a ⁇ 1,2 linkage; GnTIII, which transfers GlcNAc from UDP- GlcNAc to the ⁇ 1,4-linked central mannose of GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 N-glycans in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage; ⁇ 1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalT), which transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-galactose to the terminal Glc
  • effector moiety comprises agents (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, glycopeptides, and fragments thereof) with biological or other functional activity.
  • the effector moiety may be a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, or a functional element such as a cleavable linker.
  • a payload that is directly or indirectly conjugated to the antibody may comprise an effector moiety.
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugates
  • EDCs extracellular drug conjugates
  • Fab- or Fc- fusions Fab- or Fc- fusions
  • the present invention provides a new antibody conjugation strategy comprising modifying the N-glycans of the antibody to comprise bisected N-glycans wherein the bisecting sugar of the N-glycan is an azidoacetylglucosamine (6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz) residue and conjugating payloads to the bisecting azidoacetylglucosamine residue.
  • the azido group allows for azide-alkyne click chemistry conjugation of the antibody to payloads comprising an alkyne group suitable for conjugation.
  • the strategy enables site-specific conjugation with high biocompatibility to the antibody and does not require genetic editing.
  • the Examples herein show that this strategy can be applied to human IgG1 and mouse IgG2a and may be extrapolated to other IgG subclasses, for example, the IgG4 subclass.
  • payload conjugation through the bisecting N-azidoacetylglucosamine residue preserves the opportunity to remodel the structure of the bi-antennary arms of the bisected N-glycan to have different glycoforms, for example, for the N-glycans to be GlcNAc terminated, galactose terminated, sialic acid terminated, fucosylated, afucosylated, or the like.
  • the Examples herein show that several of these glycoforms result in ADCs with different binding affinities to Fc ⁇ Rs. These results show that the present invention enable the production of ADCs that can further be modified to have particular 25584 binding affinities for Fc ⁇ Rs by modifying the glycoforms of the bisected N-glycans conjugated to the payload.
  • the Examples show that N-glycans can serve as a regulatory handle to optimize the immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of antibody conjugates. Together, conjugation through the bisecting IgG N-glycan presents a versatile strategy for developing antibody conjugates with site-specificity. The highly conserved core structure of N-glycans enables this strategy to translate to glycoproteins other than antibodies for biotherapeutic development.
  • the present invention provides a method for making glycoprotein conjugates in general and antibody-drug conjugates in particular.
  • Bisected N-glycans Comprising a Bisecting N-azidoacetylglucosamine Residue
  • Glycoproteins expressed in mammalian cell culture may comprise one or more N- glycans and in a composition of such glycoproteins, the glycoforms present may be heterogenous.
  • each Asn at position 297 (Eu numbering) of the Fc domain of an antibody expressed in mammalian cell culture is conjugated to an N-glycan having a particular glycoform.
  • Additional glycoforms may be present in antibodies comprising one or naturally occurring N-glycosylation sites in the VH and/or VL domains and further still in antibodies engineered to comprise one or more non-naturally occurring N-glycosylation sites.
  • the particular glycoform varies from antibody to antibody, which results in a composition comprising a heterogenous mixture N-glycan glycoforms.
  • the glycoproteins are purified from the cell culture and then treated in vitro with one or more neuraminidases and one or more galactosidases to produce a composition of glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is the bi-antennary FA2 N-glycan represented by the formula GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1- 6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula Fuc G lcNAc Man ⁇ 1-3 .
  • the glycoproteins may be expressed in a yeast host cell that has been genetically modified to produce glycoproteins comprising mammalian or human-like N- glycans.
  • yeast host cell such as Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not produce complex N- 25584 glycans because they lack GnT-I, GnT-II, various mannosidases, galactosyltransferases, fucosyltransferases, and sialyltransferases.
  • the yeast N-glycosylation pathway comprises initiating ⁇ 1,6-mannosyltransaferase and a number of other mannosyltransferases, which together result in the production of high mannose N-glycans, which are not found in mammalian cells.
  • the N-glycosylation pathway in yeast may be modified by deleting the gene encoding the initiating ⁇ 1,6-mannosyltransaferase and introducing into the yeast cell those glycosyltransferases needed to produce N-glycans having a particular glycoforms.
  • yeast such as Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprising a deletion of the gene encoding the initiating ⁇ 1,6-mannosyltransaferase and the introduction of nucleic acid molecules encoding ⁇ 1,2-mannosidase, GnT-I, mannosidase II, and GnT-II, and optionally UDP-GlcNAc transporters results in a yeast host cell that is capable of producing glycoproteins comprising predominantly the A2 biantennary N-glycan. (See for example, U.S. Pat. No.7326681).
  • glycoproteins comprising predominantly the FA2 biantennary N-glycan shown above results in a yeast host cell that is capable of producing glycoproteins comprising predominantly the FA2 biantennary N-glycan shown above.
  • the glycoproteins comprising the FA2 biantennary N-glycans may be reacted in vitro with a GnT-III in the presence of UDP-azido-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNAz or UDP-6-azido- GlcNAc) to produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N- glycan is a bisected FA2B-azide N-glycan represented by the formula (i) GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 3(GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1-6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–
  • glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2B-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein. However, in further embodiments, it may be desirable to conjugate payloads to glycoproteins comprising galactosylated N-glycans or sialylated N-glycans.
  • glycoproteins comprising FA2B-azide N-glycans are reacted in vitro with a ⁇ 1-4 galactosyltransferase (GalT) in the presence of UDP-glucose to 25584 produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected FA2BG2-azide N-glycan represented by the formula Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 3(Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1-6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or Gal ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man Fuc ⁇ 1-6 ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 ⁇ 1 GlcNAc Asn ; wherein Azido-GlcNAc
  • the glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2BG2-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the predominant N-glycans are a mixture of bisected FA2BG2-azide, bisected FA2B[3]G1-azide, and bisected FA2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans wherein the bisected FA2B[3]G1-azide N-glycan is represented by the formula Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1- 2Man ⁇ 1-3(GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1-6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man Asn G al ; wherein Azido-GlcNAc is GlcNAz or 6-azido
  • glycoproteins comprising these predominant glycoforms may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • glycoproteins comprising FA2BG2-azide N-glycans are reacted with an ⁇ 2-6 sialyltransferase (SiaT) in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected 25584 FA2BG2S2(6)-azide N-glycan represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-6Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 3(Sia ⁇ 2-6Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1- 6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula ⁇ Sia 2-6 Gal ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man Fuc ⁇ 1-6
  • the glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2BG2S2(6)-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the predominant N-glycans are a mixture of bisected FA2BG2S2(6)-azide, bisected FA2BG2[3]S1(6)-azide, and bisected FA2BG2[6]S1(6)-azide N- glycans wherein the bisected FA2BG2[3]S1(6)-azide N-glycan is represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-6Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1-6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula Gal ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man
  • glycoproteins comprising these predominant glycoforms may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • glycoproteins comprising FA2BG2-azide N-glycans are reacted with an ⁇ 2-3 sialyltransferase (SiaT) in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected FA2BG2S2(3)-azide N-glycan represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-3Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 25584 3(Sia ⁇ 2-3Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1- 6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula Sia ⁇ 2-3 Gal ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man Fuc ⁇ 1-6 ⁇
  • the glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2BG2S2(3)-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the predominant N-glycans are a mixture of bisected FA2BG2S2(3)-azide, bisected FA2BG2[3]S1(3)-azide, and bisected FA2BG2[6]S1(3)-azide N- glycans wherein the bisected FA2BG2[3]S1(3)-azide N-glycan is represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-3Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4(Fuc ⁇ 1-6)GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula Asn S ia ⁇ 2-3 Gal ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 ⁇ Man 1-3 ; wherein Azid
  • the glycoproteins comprising the above predominant glycoforms may be used for conjugating to a payload directly or indirectly comprising an alkyne group for forming a triazole linkage with the azido group of the bisecting GlcNAz as disclosed herein.
  • the glycoprotein may be an antibody, a Fab, scFv, or a fusion protein comprising an Fc domain of an antibody fused or conjugated to a heterologous protein.
  • the classic antibody ADCC response is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells following the binding of the Fc ⁇ RIIIa to the Fc region of antibody molecules. This binding triggers the NK cells to release cytokines and cytolytic agents that eventually kill the target cell.
  • the ADCC activity is highly affected by the Fc N-glycan.
  • the Fc N-glycans are heterogeneous biantennary complex type with a fucose residue attached to the core position. These N-glycans contain little to no sialic acid with zero galactose residues (A2), one galactose residue (A2[3 or 6]G1) or two galactose residues (A2G2).
  • the glycoproteins may be expressed in a mammalian cell culture in which the mammalian cells thereof have been genetically engineered to produce glycoproteins comprising afucosylated N-glycans.
  • deleting the FUT8 gene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells produces a mutant CHO cell that produces afucosylated glycoproteins (Yamane-Ohnuki et al., Establishment of FUT8 knockout Chinese hamster ovary cells: an ideal host cell line for producing completely defucosylated antibodies with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Biotechnol Bioeng.87: 614–22 (2004) and Malphettes et al., Highly efficient deletion of FUT8 in CHO cell lines using zinc-finger nucleases yields cells that produce completely nonfucosylated antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng.106: 774–83 (2010)).
  • the glycoproteins are purified from the cell culture and then treated in vitro with one or more neuraminidases and one or more galactosidases to produce a composition of glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is the bi-antennary afucosylated A2 N-glycan represented by the formula GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(GlcNAc ⁇ 1- 2Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula M an ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 ⁇ 1 1-2 GlcNAc Asn G lcNAc ⁇ Man ⁇ 1-3 .
  • the glycoproteins may be expressed in a yeast host cell that has been genetically modified to produce glycoproteins comprising mammalian or human-like N- glycans.
  • the N-glycosylation pathway in yeast may be modified by deleting the gene encoding the initiating ⁇ 1,6-mannosyltransaferase and introducing into the yeast cell those glycosyltransferases needed to produce N-glycans having a particular glycoforms.
  • yeast such as Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprising a deletion of the gene encoding the initiating ⁇ 1,6-mannosyltransaferase and the introduction of nucleic acid molecules encoding ⁇ 1,2-mannosidase, GnT-I, mannosidase II, and GnT-II and optionally UDP-GlcNAc transporters results in a yeast host cell that is capable of producing glycoproteins comprising predominantly afucosylated A2 N-glycans comprising the structure above. (See for example, U.S. Pat. No.7326681).
  • T he glycoproteins comprising the biantennary GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 N-glycans are reacted with a GnT-III in the presence of UDP-azide-GlcNAc to produce a composition of N- glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected A2B-azide N-glycan represented by the formula GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man Asn G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 ⁇ Man 1-3 ; wherein Azido-GlcNAc is GlcNAz or 6-azido-GlcNAc.
  • glycoproteins comprising predominantly A2B-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein. However, in further embodiments, it may be desirable to conjugate payloads to glycoproteins comprising galactosylated N-glycans of sialylated N-glycans.
  • glycoproteins comprising A2B-azide N-glycans are reacted with a ⁇ 1-4 galactosyltransferase (GalT) in the presence of UDP-glucose to produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected A2BG2-azide N-glycan represented by the formula Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Gal ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula wherein Azido-GlcNAc is GlcNAz or 6-azido-GlcNAc.
  • GalT galactosyltransferase
  • the glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2BG2-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the predominant N-glycans are a mixture of bisected A2BG2-azide, bisected A2B[3]G1-azide, and bisected A2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans wherein the bisected A2B[3]G1-azide N-glycan is represented by the formula Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 3(GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1 Asn G al ; wherein Azido-GlcNAc is GlcNAz or 6-azid
  • glycoproteins comprising these predominant glycoforms may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • antibodies comprising A2BG2-azide N-glycans are reacted with an ⁇ 2-6 sialyltransferase (SiaT) in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected A2BG2S2(6)-azide N-glycan represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-6Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 3(Sia ⁇ 2-6Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula ⁇ Sia 2-6 Gal ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man ⁇
  • the glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2BG2S2(6)-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the predominant N-glycans are a mixture of bisected A2BG2S2(6)-azide, bisected A2BG2[3]S1(6)-azide, and bisected A2BG2[6]S1(6)-azide N- glycans wherein the bisected A2BG2[3]S1(6)-azide N-glycan is represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-6Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula 25584 Gal Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc
  • glycoproteins comprising these predominant glycoforms may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • glycoproteins comprising A2BG2-azide N-glycans are reacted with an ⁇ 2-3 sialyltransferase (SiaT) in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a composition of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in which the predominant N-glycan is a bisected A2BG2S2(3)-azide N-glycan represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-3Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1- 3(Sia ⁇ 2-3Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula ⁇ Sia 2-3 Gal ⁇ 1-4 G lcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man
  • the glycoproteins comprising predominantly FA2BG2S2(3)-azide N-glycans may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the predominant N-glycans are a mixture of bisected A2BG2S2(3)-azide, bisected A2BG2[3]S1(3)-azide, and bisected A2BG2[6]S1(3)-azide N- glycans wherein the bisected A2BG2[3]S1(3)-azide N-glycan is represented by the formula Sia ⁇ 2-3Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-3(Gal ⁇ 1-4GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2Man ⁇ 1-6)(GlcNAz ⁇ 1-4)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn or the formula ⁇ 1-4 GlcNAc ⁇ 1-2 Man ⁇ 1-6 Azido-GlcNAc ⁇ 1-4 Man Asn S ia ; where
  • glycoproteins comprising these predominant glycoforms may be used for conjugating to a payload as disclosed herein.
  • the glycoprotein is an antibody, Fab, or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • the glycoprotein is a fusion protein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody fused to a heterologous protein or heterologous glycoprotein.
  • the heterologous glycoprotein is a Fab or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • Antibodies comprise an N-glycosylation site beginning with the Asn at position 297 (Eu numbering) of the constant domain of the heavy chain and may comprise one or more naturally occurring N-glycosylation sites located in the V H and V L domains. Since antibodies are tetramers comprising two heterodimers, each heterodimer comprising one light chain and one heavy chain, the maximum DAR achievable for an ADC comprising solely the N-glycosylation sites at position 297 is two.
  • the present invention further provides antibodies comprising one or more amino acid substitutions in the variable or constant domain of the antibody that generate one or more non-native N-glycosylation sites comprising the amino acid sequence Asn-X-Thr/Ser, wherein X is any amino acid except Pro, and wherein the N-glycan conjugated to each non-native N-glycosylation site comprises a bisected N-glycan in which the bisecting sugar of the bisected N-glycan is an azido-GlcNAc residue.
  • the azide group of the azido-GlcNAc residue of the bisecting N-glycan is further conjugated in a triazole linkage to an alkyne group of a payload.
  • Antibodies may be engineered to comprise one to ten amino acid substitutions (or pairs of amino acid substitutions) in the heavy chain constant domain, which generate one to ten non-native N-glycosylation sites, the amino acid substitutions being selected from the group consisting of S134N, G161T, G161S, N203T, N203S, V363T, V363S, Q438N, S176N, A118N, S132N, K133N, A162N, T195N, K210T, Y391T, F423T, F423S,Y436T, Y436S, L193N, K392T, K392S, F423T, S176N/G178T, S176N/G178S, Q419N/
  • an ADC in which the N-glycosylation site is at position 297 will have a DAR of up to 2.
  • ADCs may be constructed that may comprise a DAR of up to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, or 22.
  • the engineered antibody or fragment thereof may comprise a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant domain.
  • the engineered antibody comprises a human IgG1 constant domain.
  • the engineered antibody comprises a human IgG4 constant domain.
  • the engineered antibody comprises at least one or two amino acid substitutions (or a pair of substitutions) in the heavy chain constant domain selected from S134N, G161T and S134N/G161T. In another embodiment, the engineered antibody comprises at least amino acid substitutions in the heavy chain constant domain selected from G161T/S134T and G161S/S134T. In a particular embodiment, the antibody comprises an S134N amino acid substitution, which when combined with the native N297 N-glycosylation site results in an ADC that may comprise a DAR of up to 4.
  • the antibody comprises a G161T amino acid substitution, which when combined with the native N297 N- glycosylation site results in an ADC that may comprise a DAR of up to 4.
  • the antibody comprises an S134N amino acid substitution and a G1261T amino acid substitution, which when combined with the native N297 N-glycosylation site results in an ADC that may comprise a DAR of up to 6.
  • the antibody possess one to two amino acid substitutions in the heavy chain variable framework domain which generate one to two non-native N- glycosylation sites, the amino acid substitutions being selected from the group consisting of Q105N and S113N, the position numbering is according to Kabat numbering.
  • An antibody with a Q105N amino acid substitution when combined with the native N297 N-glycosylation site results 25584 in an ADC that may comprise a DAR of up to 4.
  • An antibody with a S113N amino acid substitution when combined with the native N297 N-glycosylation site results in an ADC that may comprise a DAR of up to 4.
  • An antibody with a Q105N amino acid substitution and an S113N amino acid substitution when combined with the native N297 N-glycosylation site results in an ADC that may comprise a DAR of up to 4.
  • Glycoproteins other than antibodies may be modified to comprise one or more non-native N-glycosylation sites comprising the amino acid sequence Asn-Xaa-Thr/Ser, wherein X is any amino acid except Pro, and wherein the N-glycan conjugated to each non-native N- glycosylation site comprises a bisected N-glycan in which the bisecting sugar of the bisected N- glycan is an azido-GlcNAc residue.
  • the azide group of the azido- GlcNAc residue of the bisecting N-glycan is further conjugated in a triazole linkage to an alkyne group of a payload.
  • the antibodies of the current disclosure are conjugated to a therapeutic effector moiety comprising a therapeutic agent, e.g., a drug moiety (or prodrug thereof) or radiolabeled compound.
  • a therapeutic agent e.g., a drug moiety (or prodrug thereof) or radiolabeled compound.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxin.
  • Exemplary drug moieties include anti-inflammatory agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-infective agents (e.g., anti-fungal, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, etc.), and anesthetic therapeutic agents.
  • the drug moiety is an anti-cancer agent.
  • anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to, cytostatics, enzyme inhibitors, gene regulators, cytotoxic nucleosides, tubulin binding agents, tubulin disrupters, tubulin inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, hormones and hormone antagonists, anti-angiogenesis agents, and the like. Any such molecule may be conjugated to an antibody or other glycoprotein according to the present invention.
  • cytostatic anti-cancer agents include alkylating agents such as the anthracycline family of drugs (e.g., adriamycin, carminomycin, cyclosporin-A, chloroquine, methopterin, mithramycin, porfiromycin, streptonigrin, porfiromycin, anthracenediones, and aziridines).
  • alkylating agents such as the anthracycline family of drugs (e.g., adriamycin, carminomycin, cyclosporin-A, chloroquine, methopterin, mithramycin, porfiromycin, streptonigrin, porfiromycin, anthracenediones, and aziridines).
  • cytostatic anti-cancer agents include DNA synthesis inhibitors (e.g., methotrexate and dichloromethotrexate, 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide, aminopterin, cytosine ⁇ -D-arabinofuranoside, 5-fluoro-5′-deoxyuridine, 5-fluorouracil, ganciclovir, 25584 hydroxyurea, actinomycin-D, and mitomycin C), DNA-intercalators or cross-linkers (e.g., bleomycin, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (cisplatin), melphalan, mitoxantrone, and oxaliplatin), and DNA-RNA transcription regulators (e.g., actinomycin D, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, homoharringtonine, and
  • quinonoid derivatives e.g., quinolones, genistein, bactacyclin
  • busulfan ifosfamide, mechlorethamine
  • triaziquone diaziquone
  • carbazilquinone indoloquinone EO9
  • diaziridinyl-benzoquinone methyl DZQ
  • cytotoxic nucleoside anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to: adenosine arabinoside, cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, fludarabine, floxuridine, ftorafur, and 6-mercaptopurine.
  • Exemplary anti-cancer tubulin binding agents include, but are not limited to: taxoids (e.g., paclitaxel, docetaxel, taxane), nocodazole, rhizoxin, dolastatins (e.g., Dolastatin-10, -11, or -15), colchicine and colchicinoids (e.g., ZD6126), combretastatins (e.g., Combretastatin A-4, AVE-6032), and vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, and vinorelbine (navelbine)).
  • taxoids e.g., paclitaxel, docetaxel, taxane
  • nocodazole rhizoxin
  • dolastatins e.g., Dolastatin-10, -11, or -15
  • colchicine and colchicinoids e.g., ZD6126
  • anti-cancer hormones and hormone antagonists include, but are not limited to: corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), progestins (e.g., hydroxyprogesterone or medroprogesterone), estrogens, (e.g., diethylstilbestrol), antiestrogens (e.g., tamoxifen), androgens (e.g., testosterone), aromatase inhibitors (e.g., aminogluthetimide), 17-(allylamino)- 17-demethoxygeldanamycin, 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide, apigenin, brefeldin A, cimetidine, dichloromethylene-diphosphonic acid, leuprolide (leuprorelin), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, pifithrin-a, rapamycin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and thapsigargin.
  • corticosteroids e.g.
  • anti-cancer, anti-angiogenesis compounds include, but are not limited to: Angiostatin K1-3, DL- a-difluoromethyl-ornithine, endostatin, fumagillin, genistein, minocycline, staurosporine, and ( ⁇ )-thalidomide.
  • anti-cancer enzyme inhibitors include, but are not limited to: S(+)- camptothecin, curcumin, ( ⁇ )-deguelin, 5,6-diCHlorobenz-imidazole 1- ⁇ -D-ribofuranoside, etoposide, formestane, fostriecin, hispidin, 2-imino-1-imidazolidineacetic acid (cyclocreatine), mevinolin, trichostatin A, tyrphostin AG 34, and tyrphostin AG 879.
  • anti-cancer gene regulators include, but are not limited to: 5-aza-2′- deoxycytidine, 5-azacytidine, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), 4-hydroxytamoxifen, melatonin, mifepristone, raloxifene, trans-retinal (vitamin A aldehydes), retinoic acid, vitamin A acid, 9-cis- retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol (vitamin A), tamoxifen, and troglitazone.
  • vitamin D3 cholecalciferol
  • raloxifene trans-retinal
  • retinoic acid vitamin A acid
  • 9-cis- retinoic acid vitamin A acid
  • 13-cis-retinoic acid retinol (vitamin A)
  • tamoxifen and troglitazone.
  • Other classes of anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to: the pteridine
  • Particularly useful members of those classes include, for example, methopterin, podophyllotoxin, or podophyllotoxin derivatives such as etoposide or etoposide phosphate, leurosidine, vindesine, leurosine and the like.
  • Still other anti-cancer agents that are compatible with the teachings herein include auristatins (e.g., auristatin E and monomethylauristan E), geldanamycin, calicheamicin, gramicidin D, maytansanoids (e.g., maytansine), neocarzinostatin, topotecan, taxanes, cytochalasin B, ethidium bromide, emetine, tenoposide, colchicin, dihydroxy anthracindione, mitoxantrone, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, puromycin, and analogs or homologs thereof.
  • auristatins e.g., auristatin E and monomethylauristan E
  • geldanamycin e.g., auristatin E and monomethylauristan E
  • calicheamicin e.g., g., gramicidin D
  • anti-cancer agents that are compatible with the teachings herein include tomaymycin derivatives, maytansine derivatives, cryptophycine derivatives, anthracycline derivatives, bisphosphonate derivatives, leptomycin derivatives, streptonigrin derivatives, auristatine derivatives, and duocarmycin derivatives.
  • Another class of compatible anti-cancer agents that may be used as drug moieties are radiosensitizing drugs that may be effectively directed to tumor or immunoreactive cells. Such drug moieties enhance the sensitivity to ionizing radiation, thereby increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy.
  • an antibody modified with a radiosensitizing drug moiety and internalized by the tumor cell would deliver the radiosensitizer nearer the nucleus where radiosensitization would be maximal.
  • Antibodies which lose the radiosensitizer moiety would be cleared quickly from the blood, localizing the remaining radiosensitization agent in the target tumor and providing minimal uptake in normal tissues.
  • adjunct radiotherapy could be administered by external beam radiation directed specifically to the tumor, radioactivity directly implanted in the tumor, or systemic radioimmunotherapy with the same modified antibody.
  • the therapeutic agent comprises radionuclides or radiolabels with high-energy ionizing radiation that are capable of causing multiple strand breaks in nuclear DNA, leading to cell death.
  • high-energy radionuclides include: 90 Y, 125 I, 131 I, 123 I, 111 In, 105 Rh, 153 Sm, 67 Cu, 67 Ga, 166 Ho, 177 Lu, 186 Re and 188 Re. These isotopes typically produce high energy ⁇ - or ⁇ -particles which have a short path length.
  • Such radionuclides kill cells to which they are in close proximity, for example neoplastic cells to which the conjugate has attached or has entered.
  • high-energy isotopes may be generated by thermal irradiation 25584 of an otherwise stable isotope, for example as in boron neutron-capture therapy (Guan et al., Homogeneous immunoconjugates for boron neutron-capture therapy: Design, synthesis, and preliminary characterization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 13206-10, (1998)).
  • the therapeutic agent is selected from MMAE, MMAF, and PEGS-Dol10.
  • the therapeutic agent is DXd, DM4, SN-38, camptothecin, or PNU.
  • Exemplary cytotoxic agents may be selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • anti-inflammatory agents include glucocorticoid receptor agonists, which in further embodiments include cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the effector moiety contains more than one therapeutic agent. These multiple therapeutic agents can be the same or different.
  • the antibodies of the current disclosure are conjugated to a payload wherein the payload is a diagnostic effector moiety comprising a diagnostic agent.
  • the diagnostic agent is a detectable small molecule label e.g., biotin, fluorophores, chromophores, spin resonance probes, or radiolabels.
  • fluorophores include fluorescent dyes (e.g., fluorescein, rhodamine, and the like) and other luminescent molecules (e.g., luminal).
  • a fluorophore may be environmentally-sensitive such that its fluorescence changes if it is located close to one or more residues in the modified binding polypeptide that undergo structural changes upon binding a substrate (e.g., dansyl probes).
  • exemplary radiolabels include small molecules containing atoms with one or more low sensitivity nuclei and the like).
  • the radionuclide can be, e.g., a gamma, photon, or positron-emitting radionuclide with a half-life suitable to permit activity or detection after the elapsed time between administration and localization to the imaging site.
  • the diagnostic agent is a polypeptide.
  • Exemplary diagnostic polypeptides include enzymes with fluorogenic or chromogenic activity, e.g., the ability to cleave 25584 a substrate which forms a fluorophore or chromophore as a product (i.e., reporter proteins such as luciferase).
  • diagnostic proteins may have intrinsic fluorogenic or chromogenic activity (e.g., green, red, and yellow fluorescent bioluminescent aequorin proteins from bioluminescent marine organisms) or they may comprise a protein containing one or more low-energy radioactive nuclei and the like).
  • antibodies of the current disclosure may be directly labeled (such as through iodination) or may be labeled indirectly through the use of a chelating agent.
  • the phrases “indirect labeling” and “indirect labeling approach” both mean that a chelating agent is covalently attached to a binding polypeptide and at least one radionuclide is associated with the chelating agent.
  • Such chelating agents are typically referred to as bifunctional chelating agents as they bind both the polypeptide and the radioisotope.
  • Exemplary chelating agents comprise 1- isothiocycmatobenzyl-3-methyldiothelene triaminepentaacetic acid (“MX-DTPA”) and cyclohexyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (“CHX-DTPA”) derivatives.
  • Other chelating agents comprise P-DOTA and EDTA derivatives.
  • Exemplary radionuclides for indirect labeling include 111 In and 90 Y. Most imaging studies utilize 5 mCi 111 In-labeled antibody, because this dose is both safe and has increased imaging efficiency compared with lower doses, with optimal imaging occurring at three to six days after antibody administration.
  • the diagnostic effector moiety is a FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) probe.
  • FRET Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
  • a FRET probe may include a cleavable linker (enzyme sensitive or pH linker) connecting the donor and acceptor moieties of the FRET probe, wherein cleavage results in enhanced fluorescence (including near Infrared) (see, e.g., A. Cobos-Correa et. al. Membrane -bound FRET probe visualizes MMP 12 activity in pulmonary inflammation, Nature Chemical Biology, 5(9), 628-63 (2009); S. Gehrig et. al. Spatially Resolved Monitoring of Neutrophil Elastase Activity with Ratiometric Fluorescent Reporters Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51, 6258-6261 (2012)).
  • cleavable linker enzyme sensitive or pH linker
  • effector moieties may be functionalized to contain one or more additional groups in addition to the effector moiety itself.
  • the effector moiety may contain cleavable linkers which release the payload from the antibody under particular conditions.
  • the effector moiety may include a linker that is cleavable by cellular enzymes and/or is pH sensitive. Additionally or alternatively, the effector moiety may contain a disulfide bond that cleaved by intracellular glutathione upon uptake into the cell.
  • the effector moiety may include hydrophilic and biocompatible moieties such as poly(glycine), poly(oxazoline), and/or PEG moieties.
  • Linkers In general, any linker or linker technology known in the art or will be known in the art for use in ADCs may be used to create or construct an ADC of the present disclosure provide the linker comprises an alkyne group capable of forming a triazole with the azido group of the bisecting 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of the bisected N-glycan.
  • the linker is a cleavable linker and in other embodiments, the linker is a non- cleavable linker.
  • the linker comprises a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the proximal end comprises an alkyne functional group capable of forming a triazole linkage with the azido group of the bisecting 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue of the bisected N-glycan and the distal end is directly or indirectly covalently linked to a payload.
  • the linker comprises a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the proximal end comprises a strained cyclooctyne, and the distal end is directly or indirectly covalently linked to a therapeutic agent.
  • the strained cyclooctyne comprises dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) amine.
  • a representative linker payload comprising a DBCO functional group is represented by wherein Pay is a payload and L is a linker or bond.
  • L may be represented by in which each is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • the representative linker conjugated to a payload and the azido group of a bisecting GlcNAz residue of a bisected N-glycan of an antibody is represented by 25584 wherein Pay is a payload and L is a linker or bond.
  • L may be represented by in which each is independently a linker element or a bond, and the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of GlcNAz and the C2 carbon of the glucose comprising the GlcNAz wherein the GlcNAz is the bisecting sugar of a bisected N- glycan linked to the antibody.
  • the representative linker conjugated to a payload and the azido group of a bisecting 6-azido-GlcNAc residue of a bisected N-glycan of an antibody is represented by wherein Pay is a payload and L is a linker or bond.
  • L may be represented by L 1 and L 2 in which each is independently a linker element or a bond, and the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose comprising 6-azido- GlcNAc wherein the 6-azido-GlcNAc is the bisecting sugar of a bisected N-glycan linked to the antibody.
  • Exemplary linker elements that may be used in the context of the present disclosure include, a sequence of one or more amino acids, for example, dipeptide Val-Cit (valine-citrulline), Val-Ala (valine-alanine), dipeptide site in protease-cleavable linker, Ala-Phe (alanine-phenylalanine), Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly (glycine-glycine-phenylalanine-glycine), dipeptide 25584 site in protease-cleavable linker, PABC (p-aminobenzylcarbamate), and variants and combinations thereof.
  • dipeptide Val-Cit valine-citrulline
  • Val-Ala valine-alanine
  • Ala-Phe alanine-phenylalanine
  • Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly glycine-glycine-phenylalanine-glycine
  • PABC p-aminobenzylc
  • linkers and linker-payloads that can be used in the context of the present disclosure include but are not limited to those disclosed in the following patent publications: WO2021055865; WO2021067861; WO2019195665; WO2019236954; WO2021207701; WO2020132655; WO2018201087; WO2018031690; WO2018112253; WO2017096311; WO2015123679; WO2015095755; WO2015057699; US9504756; US10550190; US10869929; WO2018025168; US20210138077; RE45272E; WO2016102679; WO2009099741; WO2010009124; WO2016040835; WO2016094455; WO2016127081; WO2017062271; WO2018234636; WO2018235024; WO2018237335; and WO2019122447, the contents of each patent publication with respect to linkers and linker-pay
  • the linkers are stable in physiological conditions.
  • the linkers are cleavable, for instance, able to release at least the payload portion in the presence of an enzyme or at a particular pH range or value.
  • a linker comprises an enzyme-cleavable moiety.
  • Illustrative enzyme-cleavable moieties include, but are not limited to, peptide bonds, ester linkages, hydrazones, and disulfide linkages.
  • the linker comprises a cathepsin-cleavable linker.
  • the linker comprises a non-cleavable moiety.
  • the linker comprises one or more amino acids.
  • Suitable amino acids include natural, non-natural, standard, non-standard, proteinogenic, non- proteinogenic, and L- or D-a-amino acids.
  • the linker comprises alanine, valine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine, or citrulline, a derivative thereof, or combination thereof.
  • one or more side chains of the amino acids is linked to a side chain group, described below.
  • the linker comprises valine and citrulline. In some embodiments, the linker 25584 comprises lysine, valine, and citrulline. In some embodiments, the linker comprises lysine, valine, and alanine. In some embodiments, the linker comprises valine and alanine. In some embodiments, the linker comprises a self-immolative group.
  • the self- immolative group can be any such group known to those of skill. In particular embodiments, the self-immolative group is p-aminobenzyl (PAB), or a derivative thereof such as p- aminobenzyloxycarbonyl (PABC).
  • the glycoprotein of the present invention comprises the following structure: G P-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein GP is a glycoprotein; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is azido-GlcNAc (either 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz) having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • the glycoprotein is a Fab or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • the glycoprotein is a fusion protein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody fused to a heterologous protein or heterologous glycoprotein.
  • the heterologous glycoprotein is a Fab or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • the L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from those shown in Fig.16A, 16B, or 16C, e.g., selected from A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2B[3]G1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; A1B[
  • the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond or the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the present invention further provides compositions comprising a plurality of glycoproteins and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein each glycoprotein independently comprises the structure G P-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein GP is a glycoprotein; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • the glycoprotein is a Fab or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • the glycoprotein is a fusion protein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody fused to a heterologous protein or heterologous glycoprotein.
  • the heterologous glycoprotein is a Fab or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • the L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan B in the composition comprises a structure selected from A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; A1B[3]-azide; FA1B[3]-azide; FA1
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan B in the composition comprises the mannose of the ⁇ 1,3 arm linked at the non-reducing end to 25584 the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan B in the composition comprises the mannose of the ⁇ 1,3 arm linked at the non-reducing end to the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue and the mannose of the ⁇ 1,6 arm is linked at the non-reducing end to the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B-azide or FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B-azide or FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 25584 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2BG2-azide or FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2- 25584 azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the ADC of the present invention comprises the following structure: A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker 25584 element or a bond.
  • the L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from those shown in Fig.16A, 16B, or 16C, e.g., selected from A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2B[3]G1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide;
  • the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the present invention further provides compositions comprising a plurality of ADCs and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein each ADC independently comprises the structure 25584 A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • L is a self-immolative linker.
  • L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • the L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • the triazole linkage has the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the structure wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan B in the composition comprises a structure selected from A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; 25584 FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide; A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide; A1B[3]G1-azide; FA1B[3]G1-azide; A1B[3]G1-azi
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan B in the composition comprises the mannose of the ⁇ 1,3 arm linked at the non-reducing end to the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan B in the composition comprises the mannose of the ⁇ 1,3 arm linked at the non-reducing end to the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue and the mannose of the ⁇ 1,6 arm is linked at the non-reducing end to the reducing end of a GlcNAc residue.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B-azide or FA2B-azide.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B-azide or FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide.
  • the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2BG2-azide or FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2BG2- azide or FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2- azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide or FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide 25584 of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(6)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(6)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 25584 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide or FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(3)-azide, wherein the 25584 wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N-glycan B in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the predominant N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(3)-azide, wherein the azide refers to the azide of 6-azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz, which forms a triazole linkage T with the alkyne functional group.
  • the present invention further provides compositions comprising a plurality of ADCs and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein each ADC independently comprises an antibody conjugated to a bisected N-glycan comprising a structure selected from A2B-triazole-L-payload; FA2B-triazole-L-payload; A2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload; FA2[3]BG1-triazole-L-payload; A2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload; FA2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload; A2BG2-triazole-L-payload; FA2BG2-triazole-L-payload; A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-L- payload; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-L-payload; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-L-payload; A2B
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B-triazole-L-payload or FA2B-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B-triazole-L-payload or FA2B-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B-triazole-L-payload and FA2B-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B- triazole-L-payload and FA2B-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[3]G1-triazole- L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[3]G1- triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[3]G1-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[6]G1-triazole- L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[6]G1- triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[6]G1-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2BG2-triazole-L-payload or FA2BG2-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2BG2- triazole-L-payload or FA2BG2-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2-triazole-L-payload and FA2BG2-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2- triazole-L-payload and FA2BG2-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-triazole- L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[6]G21S1(6)-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycasn in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-triazole- L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(6)-triazole-L-payload or FA2BG2S2(6)- triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6)-triazole-L-payload or FA2BG2S2(6)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(6)-triazole-L-payload and FA2BG2S2(6)- triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6)-triazole-L-payload and FA2BG2S2(6)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-triazole- L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structure A2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the 25584 predominant bisected N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload or FA2B[6]G21S1(3)-triazole-L- payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycasn in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole-L-payload and FA2B[6]G1S1(3)-triazole- L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(3)-triazole-L-payload or FA2BG2S2(3)- triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(3)-triazole-L-payload or FA2BG2S2(3)-triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N-glycan in the composition comprises the structures A2BG2S2(3)-triazole-L-payload and FA2BG2S2(3)- triazole-L-payload.
  • the predominant bisected N- glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(3)-triazole-L-payload and FA2BG2S2(3)-triazole-L-payload.
  • Fig.18 and 20 Representative structures of bisected N-glycans comprising a bisecting 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue conjugated to a payload via a triazole linkage are shown in Fig.18 and 20. Synthesis of glycoproteins comprising bisected N-glycans wherein the bisecting sugar is GlcNAz Mammalian and human complex N-glycans comprise GlcNAc, mannose, galactose, and sialic acid residues.
  • Complex N-glycans comprise a paucimannose core represented by the formula Man 3 GlcNAc 2 forming a Y-shaped molecule wherein the terminal mannose residues are on the distal end of the chitobiose core and the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the chitobiose core is linked to asparagine (Asn) in a ⁇ 1-N linkage.
  • the terminal 25584 mannose residues are linked by ⁇ 1-6 and ⁇ 1-3 linkages to a central mannose residue to provide an ⁇ 1-6-linked mannose arm and an ⁇ 1-3-linked mannose arm.
  • the central mannose is in turn linked to the chitobiose core by a ⁇ 1-4 linkage.
  • Terminal GlcNAc residues when present, are linked to the terminal mannose residue on the ⁇ 1-3-linked mannose arm in a ⁇ 1-2 linkage by GnT-I to produce hybrid N-glycans, and then to the terminal mannose residue on the a1-6 linked arm by GnT-II to produce bi-antennary N-glycans.
  • GlcNAc residue when present, may be linked to the terminal mannose residue on the ⁇ 1-3-linked mannose arm of bi-antennary N-glycans in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage by GnT-IV or the terminal mannose residue on the ⁇ 1-6-linked mannose arm of bi-antennary N-glycans in a ⁇ 1-6 linkage by GnT-V to produce tri-antennary N- glycans.
  • a GlcNAc residue when present, may be linked to the arm of the tri- antennary N-glycan that is linked to only one GlcNAc residue with the appropriate GnT to produce multi-antennary N-glycans in which each arm comprises two GlcNAc residues, the ⁇ 1-3- linked mannose arm comprising GlcNAc residues linked in a ⁇ 1-2 linkage and a ⁇ 1-4 linkage and the ⁇ 1-6-linked mannose arm comprising GlcNAc residues linked in a ⁇ 1-2 linkage and a ⁇ 1-6 linkage.
  • the central mannose of bi-antennary N-glycans may be linked to a GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1-4 linkage by GnTIII to produce bisected N-glycans.
  • Terminal galactose residues when present, are linked to the terminal GlcNAc residues of bi-antennary, tri-antennary, or multi-antennary N-glycans in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage by GalT or to the ⁇ 1-6-linked mannose arm and an ⁇ 1-3-linked mannose arm GlcNAc residues of bisected N-glycans in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage by GalT.
  • Terminal sialic acid residues when present, are linked to one or more of the terminal galactose residues of any of the bi-antennary, tri-antennary, multi-antennary, or bisected N-glycans comprising terminal galactose residues in either an ⁇ 2-3 or ⁇ 2-6 linkage by ⁇ 2,3-siaT or ⁇ 2,6- siaT, respectively, to produce ⁇ 2,3- or ⁇ 2.6-sialylated N-glycans.
  • the sialic acid is N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA), a predominant sialic acid found in human cells and many mammalian cells.
  • the N-glycosylated glycoproteins obtained from cell culture comprising mammalian or human cells or yeast cells genetically engineered to produce complex N-glycans are sequentially reacted with one or more glycosidases selected from group consisting of neuraminidase, galactosidase, and N- acetylglucosaminidase, to remove one or more terminal sugar residues on the N-glycan to produce a core structure.
  • the glycoproteins are reacted with one or more neuraminidases to remove the sialic acid residues from those N-glycans that comprise terminal sialic acid residues to provide a population of N-glycans comprising terminal galactose 25584 residues.
  • the glycoproteins may then be reacted with one or more galactosidases that remove the galactose residues from those N-glycans that comprise terminal galactose residues to provide a population of N-glycans comprising terminal GlcNAc residues.
  • the glycoproteins may then be reacted with one or more N-acetylglucosaminidases that remove the GlcNAc residues from those N-glycans that comprise terminal galactose residues to provide a population of paucimannose N-glycans (M3), each N-glycan comprising a central mannose residue linked to a chitobiose core in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage and two terminal mannose residues, one linked to the central mannose in an ⁇ 1,3 linkage and the other linked to the central mannose in an ⁇ 1,6 linkage.
  • M3 paucimannose N-glycans
  • the glycoproteins may be further reacted with a fucosidase to remove fucose residues from those the N-glycans comprising a fucose linked to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the chitobiose core in an ⁇ 1,6 linkage.
  • the population of N-glycans may be reacted with a glycosyltransferase capable of adding a specific sugar to the terminal sugar residues of a particular population of N-glycans.
  • Successive reactions each utilizing a specific glycosyltransferase, may be used to add sugars to the termini of the N- glycans in a stepwise manner to produce a population of N-glycans having particular glycoforms.
  • the particular glycosyltransferase that may be used in a particular reaction will depend on the N- glycan substrate to be reacted upon by the glycosyltransferase as each glycosyltransferase is specific for a particular substrate.
  • a population of glycoproteins is reacted with a neuraminidase, a galactosidase, and one or more N-acetylglucosaminidases to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising fucosylated and non-fucosylated M3 N- glycans.
  • the fucosylated and non-fucosylated M3 N-glycans are reacted with an GnT-I in the presence of UDP-GlcNAc to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1[3] N-glycans and FA1[3] N-glycans in which the ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residue is linked to a GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1-2 linkage.
  • the population of glycoproteins may then be reacted with GnT-III in the presence of UDP-GlcNAz or UDP-6-azido-GlcNAc to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1B[3]-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B[3]-azide N- glycans.
  • the population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1B[3]-azide N- glycans and FA1B[3]-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with a GalT in the presence of UDP- galactose to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1B[3]G1-azide 25584 N-glycans and/or FA1B[3]G1-azide N-glycans in which galactose is linked to the GlcNAc residue on the ⁇ 1,3 arm in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage.
  • the population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1B[3]G1-azide and FA1B[3]G1-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with an ⁇ 2,6- or ⁇ 2,3-siaT in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans in which sialic acid is linked to the galactose residue in an ⁇ 2-6 or ⁇ 2-3 linkage, respectively.
  • any one of the above glycoprotein populations may be reacted with a payload comprising an alkyne functional group under metal-free click chemistry conditions to produce a glycoprotein conjugates in which the azide functional group of the 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz is linked to the alkyne functional group of the payload in a triazole linkage.
  • Exemplary glycoprotein conjugates may comprise predominantly A1B[3]-triazole- payload N-glycans; FA1B[3]-triazole-payload N-glycans; A1B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA1B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-payload N-glycans; and/or FA1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-payload N-glycans.
  • the glycoprotein population comprises predominantly a mixture of two or three of the aforementioned exemplary glycoprotein conjugates.
  • one or more of the above glycoprotein populations may be reacted with a fucosidase to produce a substantially afucosylated population of glycoproteins in which the N-glycans lack fucose or reacted with a fucosyltransferase in the presence of GDP-fucose to produce a substantially fucosylated population of glycoproteins in which the N-glycans comprise fucose.
  • the fucosyltransferase is an ⁇ 1- 6-fucosyltransferase, which transfers a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the GlcNAc residue on the reducing end of the chitobiose core of the N-glycan in an ⁇ 1-6 linkage.
  • a population of glycoproteins is reacted with a neuraminidase, and a galactosidase to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly fucosylated and non-fucosylated A2 N-glycans (A2 and/or FA2, respectively).
  • the population of glycoproteins may then be reacted with GnT-III in the presence of UDP-6-azido-GlcNAc or UDP-GlcNAz to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A2B-azide and/or FA2B-azide N-glycans.
  • the population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A1B-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with a GalT in the presence of UDP-galactose to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A2B[3]G1-azide; 25584 FA2B[3]G1-azide, A2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans; A2BG2-azide N- glycans; and/or FA2BG2-azide N-glycans in which galactose is linked to the GlcNAc residue on the ⁇ 1,3 arm in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage and/or ⁇ 1,6 arm in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage.
  • the population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A2B[3]G1-azide, FA2B[3]G1-azide N-glycans, A2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans, FA2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans, A2BG2-azide N-glycans, and/or FA2BG2-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with an ⁇ 2,6- or ⁇ 2,3-siaT in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a population of glycoproteins comprising predominantly A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N- glycans; A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide
  • any one of the above glycoprotein populations may be reacted with a payload comprising an alkyne functional group under metal-free click chemistry conditions to produce a glycoprotein conjugates in which the azide functional group of the 6- azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz is linked to the alkyne functional group of the payload in a triazole linkage.
  • Exemplary glycoprotein conjugates may comprise predominantly A2B[3]G1-triazole- payload N-glycans; FA2B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans, A2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N- glycans; FA2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans; and FA2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans; A2B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2B[3]G1- triazole-payload N-glycans; A2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans
  • the glycoprotein population comprises predominantly a mixture of two or three of the aforementioned exemplary glycoprotein conjugates.
  • one or more of the above exemplary glycoprotein populations may be reacted with a fucosidase to produce a substantially afucosylated population of glycoproteins in which the N-glycans lack fucose or reacted with a fucosyltransferase in the presence of GDP-fucose to produce a substantially fucosylated population of glycoproteins in which the N-glycans comprise fucose.
  • the fucosyltransferase is an ⁇ 1- 25584 6-fucosyltransferase, which transfers a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the GlcNAc residue on the reducing end of the chitobiose core of the N-glycan in an ⁇ 1-6 linkage.
  • the glycoprotein is an antibody, a Fab, or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • the glycoprotein is a fusion protein comprising the Fc domain of an antibody fused to a heterologous protein or heterologous glycoprotein.
  • the heterologous glycoprotein is a Fab or scFv comprising at least one N-glycosylation site.
  • a population of antibodies is reacted with a neuraminidase, a galactosidase, and one or more N-acetylglucosaminidases to produce a population of antibodies comprising fucosylated and non-fucosylated M3 N-glycans.
  • the fucosylated and non-fucosylated M3 N-glycans are reacted with an GnT-I in the presence of UDP-GlcNAc to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1[3] N-glycans and FA1[3] N-glycans in which the ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residue is linked to a GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1-2 linkage.
  • the population of antibodies may then be reacted with GnT-III in the presence of UDP-6-azido-GlcNAc or UDP-GlcNAz to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1B[3]-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B[3]-azide N-glycans.
  • the population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1B[3]-azide N-glycans and FA1B[3]-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with a GalT in the presence of UDP-galactose to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1B[3]G1-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B[3]G1-azide N-glycans in which galactose is linked to the GlcNAc residue on the ⁇ 1,3 arm in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage.
  • the population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1B[3]G1-azide and FA1B[3]G1-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with an ⁇ 2,6- or ⁇ 2,3-siaT in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans in which sialic acid is linked to the galactose residue in an ⁇ 2-6 or ⁇ 2-3 linkage, respectively.
  • any one of the above antibody populations may be reacted with a payload comprising an alkyne functional group under metal-free click chemistry conditions to produce an antibody conjugates in which the azide functional group of the 6-azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz is linked to the alkyne functional group of the payload in a triazole linkage.
  • Exemplary antibody conjugates may comprise predominantly A1B[3]-triazole-payload N- glycans; FA1B[3]-triazole-payload N-glycans; A1B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA1B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-payload N-glycans; and/or 25584 FA1B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-triazole-payload N-glycans.
  • the antibody population comprises predominantly a mixture of two or three of the aforementioned exemplary antibody conjugates.
  • one or more of the above antibody populations may be reacted with a fucosidase to produce a substantially afucosylated population of antibodies in which the N-glycans lack fucose or reacted with a fucosyltransferase in the presence of GDP- fucose to produce a substantially fucosylated population of antibodies in which the N-glycans comprise fucose.
  • the fucosyltransferase is an ⁇ 1-6-fucosyltransferase, which transfers a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the GlcNAc residue on the reducing end of the chitobiose core of the N-glycan in an ⁇ 1-6 linkage.
  • a population of antibodies is reacted with a neuraminidase, and a galactosidase to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly fucosylated and non-fucosylated A2 N-glycans (A2 and/or FA2, respectively).
  • the population of antibodies may then be reacted with GnT-III in the presence of UDP-6-azido-GlcNAc or UDP-GlcNAz to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A2B-azide and/or FA2B-azide N-glycans.
  • the population of antibodies comprising predominantly A1B-azide N-glycans and/or FA1B-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with a GalT in the presence of UDP-galactose to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2B[3]G1- azide, A2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans; A2BG2-azide N-glycans; and/or FA2BG2-azide N-glycans in which galactose is linked to the GlcNAc residue on the ⁇ 1,3 arm in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage and/or ⁇ 1,6 arm in a ⁇ 1-4 linkage.
  • the population of antibodies comprising predominantly A2B[3]G1-azide, FA2B[3]G1-azide N-glycans, A2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans, FA2B[6]G1-azide N-glycans, A2BG2-azide N-glycans, and/or FA2BG2-azide N-glycans may then be reacted with an ⁇ 2,6- or ⁇ 2,3-siaT in the presence of CMP-sialic acid to produce a population of antibodies comprising predominantly A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans; FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans; A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide N-glycan
  • any one of the above antibody populations may be reacted with a payload comprising an alkyne functional group under metal-free click chemistry conditions to produce an antibody conjugates in which the azide functional group of the 6-azido- 25584 GlcNAc or GlcNAz is linked to the alkyne functional group of the payload in a triazole linkage.
  • Exemplary antibody conjugates may comprise predominantly A2B[3]G1-triazole-payload N- glycans; FA2B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans, A2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans; and FA2BG2- triazole-payload N-glycans; A2B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2B[3]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2B[6]G1-triazole-payload N-glycans; A2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans; FA2BG2-triazole-payload N-glycans;
  • the antibody population comprises predominantly a mixture of two or three of the aforementioned exemplary antibody conjugates.
  • one or more of the above exemplary antibody populations may be reacted with a fucosidase to produce a substantially afucosylated population of antibodies in which the N-glycans lack fucose or reacted with a fucosyltransferase in the presence of GDP-fucose to produce a substantially fucosylated population of antibodies in which the N-glycans comprise fucose.
  • the fucosyltransferase is an ⁇ 1-6- fucosyltransferase, which transfers a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the GlcNAc residue on the reducing end of the chitobiose core of the N-glycan in an ⁇ 1-6 linkage.
  • Remodeling of glycoprotein N-glycans may be found in patent publication WO2022221163, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The following examples are intended to promote a further understanding of the present invention.
  • GENERAL METHODS AND MATERIALS Anti-HER2 Human IgG1 Trastuzumab biosimilar (SIM0005), anti-HER2 mouse IgG2a (BE0277), isotype human IgG1 (BP0297), and isotype mouse IgG2a (BE00085) were purchased from BioXCell.
  • ⁇ 2-3/6/8 Neuraminidase (P0720) and ⁇ 1-4 Galactosidase (P0745) were purchased from New England Biolabs (NEB).
  • Mouse 25584 anti-human IgG Fc gamma-FITC (209-095-098) for cell binding assay and AffiniPure rat Anti- Mouse IgG (415-065-166) for serum stability assays were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch.
  • Tris-HCl T-5941
  • sodium acetate S2889 sodium chloride
  • M4880 magnesium chloride
  • manganese chloride solution M1787
  • sodium chloride solution S5150
  • CMP-NANA C8271
  • UDP-Gal U4500
  • UDP-GlcNAc U4375
  • NH 2 NH 2 •AcOH 259748
  • Bis(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropyl phosporamidite 766305
  • m-CPBA 273031)
  • Tetrazole 88185
  • DEAE-Sepharose DFF100
  • Triethylammonium bicarbonate buffer T7408
  • 1,4- dithiothreitol D9779
  • 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3- oxid hexafluorophosphate HATU
  • Ac3-6AzGlcNAc (1258) was purchased from Click Chemistry Tools. Heat- inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (16140-071), Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) (14190-144) and McCoy’s 5A (16600-082) buffer were purchased from Gibco. Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-PEG8-acid (BP-24017) and DBCO-PEG4-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE (BP-25659)), and NHS-PEG4-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE (BP-25503) were purchased from Broadpharm.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
  • McCoy’s 5A (16600-082) buffer were purchased from Gibco.
  • UDP-azidoacetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAz or UDP-6-azido-GlcNAc) (ES104) was purchased from R&D Systems.
  • MWCO filters 10K molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) filters (UFC503096) were purchased from Millipore Sigma. Octet sensors (18-5101) and Incucyte FabFluor probes (4722) were purchased from Sartorius. MabSelect SuRe TM protein A resin (17543801) was obtained from Cytiva. Male rat plasma (Sprague Dowley rat plasma K2EDTA, RATPLEDTA2-M) was purchased from BioIVT. Reagents for CellTiter-Glo ® luminescent cell viability assay were purchased from Progema (G7570).
  • LC-QToF-MS Liquid Chromatography
  • Agilent MassHunter software was used for the analysis, including data acquisition, chromatogram/mass analysis, mass deconvolution, and drug-antibody ratio (DAR) calculation.
  • Hydrophobic interactions chromatography (HIC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) studies were performed on Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC systems (with ChemStation C.01.10).
  • Protein/antibody concentration was measured using NanoDrop TM OneC (Thermo Scientific). BCA (bicinchoninic acid) assay signal was read on Synergy TM Neo2 (BioTek) plate reader. Melting temperature (Tm) and aggregation temperature (Tagg) were performed on Uncle (all-in-one biologics stability screening platform) from Unchained Labs (Pleasanton, CA).
  • UDP-6-azido-GlcNAc was synthesized as described in literature with minor modifications (Morrison et al., Carbohydrate Research, 495: 108071 (2020); Zhao et al., Nature Protocols, 5: 636-646 (2010); Mayer et al., Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 21: 1199-2012011).
  • Compound S1 200 mg, 0.53 mmol
  • NH 2 NH 2 •CH 3 CO 2 H 59.3 mg, 0.644 mmol
  • DMF dimethyl formamide
  • UDP-GlcNAc derivatives chemically diversified at the C2-acylamide moiety were synthesized via active ester chemistry by reacting corresponding N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters with UDP-Glucosamine (UDP-GlcNH 2 ).
  • NHS N-Hydroxysuccinimide
  • UDP-GlcNH 2 UDP-Glucosamine
  • Oasis SPE Solid Phase Extraction
  • ⁇ Plate from Waters was washed with water (1 column volume) and conditioned with water-acetonitrile solution (10:90 v/v, 1 column volume).
  • the glycan sample prepared above in 90% acetonitrile solution was then charged to the ⁇ Plate, followed by washing with washing buffer (formic acid/water/acetonitrile 1:9:90 v/v/v, 2 column volume).
  • the N-glycans were eluted using 90 ⁇ L elution buffer (200 mM ammonium acetate in 5% acetonitrile).
  • the reaction then was diluted with 2X (v/v) 25 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.5 and the antibody was purified using protein A resin (Cytiva).
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the glycoengineered antibody FA2 was mixed with 5 weight percent (wt%) GnT-III in a 1.5 mL microtube, followed by buffer transfer into the GnT-III buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7 with 50 mM NaCl and 10 mM MnCl 2 ) using 10 K MWCO tubes.
  • MMAE Monomethylauristatin E
  • DBCO dibenzocyclooctyne
  • the payloads were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to make a 100 mg/mL stock solution.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • the conjugation reactions were carried out by mixing the glycoengineered antibody prepared above with 30 equivalent payloads in 25 mM Tris 7.4 buffer with 100 mM NaCl. The reaction volume was adjusted to give a final antibody concentration between 4-5 mg/mL. Additional DMSO was added to the reaction to a final amount of 10% (v/v) DMSO to improve the payload solubility.
  • the reaction was incubated at room temperature with shaking.
  • the LC-QToF-MS was used to monitor the reaction until the reaction was complete. A longer incubation time is required for the reactions with antibodies having galactosylated and sialylated N-glycans.
  • the samples were diluted with 2X (v/v) 25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 buffer charged to a protein A (Cytiva) column. After washing with 5 column volume of the Tris-HCl buffer, the MMAE-ADCs were eluted from the column, buffer-exchanged into 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5), and stored at 4°C before use. BCA assays were used to determine the concentration of ADCs.
  • HIC Hydrophobic Interactions Chromatography
  • SEC-UPLC Size-Exclusion Chromatography
  • Ni-NTA Octet ® sensors were hydrated in Octet buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 0.02% Tween 20) for 30 minutes before the experiments. To begin the measurement, the sensors were loaded with 0.5 ⁇ g/mL His-tagged Fc ⁇ Rs for 240 seconds, followed by baseline equilibration for 2 minutes. Association of recombinant human ACE2 was performed with the antibody or ADCs from 12.5 to 1000 nM for 600 seconds. Dissociation was measured for 600 seconds. The equilibrium 25584 dissociation constant (KD) values were calculated using a 1:1 global fit model in the Octet data analysis software.
  • KD dissociation constant
  • the assays were carried out at 30°C and the Octet buffer was used as the solvent in all the steps.
  • Nickel- Nitriloacetic acid (Ni-NTA) sensors were loaded with 0.5 ⁇ g/mL His-tagged Fc ⁇ R-IIa or Fc ⁇ R- IIIa for 240 seconds, followed by incubation with 5 ⁇ g/mL Fc ⁇ R-IIa or 40 ⁇ g/mL Fc ⁇ R-IIIa for 240 seconds.
  • the binding response was monitored in real-time.
  • Western Blotting for studying HER2 binding Standard SDS-PAGE and Western detection protocols were used except the human anti-HER2-MMAE ADC was used as the primary antibody in the experiment.
  • HER2 was added to a NuPage TM 4-12% Bis-Tris gel (Invitrogen NP0323BOX), followed by electrophoresis at 200V for 50 minutes. Protein transfer from the gel to a Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was carried out using iBlotTM 2 Gel Transfer Device (ThermoFisher) at 20 V for 7 minutes. Following the transfer, the membrane was blocked using 5% bovine serum albumen (BSA) for 2 hours at room temperature, then washed 3X with ris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween ® 20 (TBST), and incubated with the 10 ⁇ g/mL ADC at 4°C overnight.
  • BSA bovine serum albumen
  • the ADC was detected using a goat anti-human IgG antibody (1 ⁇ g/mL, LI-COR, 926-32232). The blot was then imaged using LI-COR, Odyssey ® CLx. ADC synthesis using lysine conjugation NHS-PEG4-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE from Broadpharm (BP-25503) was used for the antibody conjugation through lysine residues. The payload was dissolved in DMSO to a final stock concentration of 25 mg/mL. The conjugation reactions were carried out by mixing the native anti-HER2 human IgG1 Trastuzumab biosimilar with 5 equivalent payloads in 1X PBS buffer.
  • the reactions were adjusted to give a final antibody concentration of 4 mg/mL and 10% DMSO.
  • the reaction was incubated at room temperature with shaking.
  • the reactions were monitored by the LC-QToF-MS every 30 minutes until the reaction reached a DAR of 2, immediately followed by protein A purification.
  • the concentration of the resulting ADCs was determined by bicinchoninic acid assays (BCAs).
  • BCAs bicinchoninic acid assays
  • Trastuzumab biosimilar and an isotype IgG1 antibody with site mutations at serine 375 (S375C; Eu numbering scheme) and the MMAE derivative with a Val-Cit-PAB-maleimide linker were used.
  • the reaction was carried out by mixing the antibodies with 5 equivalent of the payload (25 mg/mL, DMSO stock solution) in 1 X PBS.
  • the reaction volume was adjusted to a final antibody concentration of 4 mg/mL and 10% DMSO.
  • the reaction was incubated at room temperature with shaking until the DAR reached 2 (tracking by LC-MS).
  • the concentration of the resulting ADCs was determined by BCA.
  • SKBR3 cells (ATCC HTB-30) expressing HER2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2) were seeded to clear bottom 96-well plates to a density of 9,000 cells per well (50 ⁇ L). The cells were allowed to adhere to the well bottom for 24 hours. Test antibodies and antibody conjugates were mixed with FabFluor (0.5 mg/mL) in a 1:3 ratio and the volume was adjusted using fresh culture media (McCoy's 5A with 10% fetal bovine serum) to give a final concentration of 4 ⁇ g/mL. After an incubation of 30 minutes at 37°C, the mixture was added to the cell plates (50 ⁇ L each well).
  • test antibodies/conjugates internalization was monitored every 30 minutes by the fluorescence readout using Incucyte Internalization Assay (Sartorius). This assay was done in triplicate.
  • Cell binding assay SKBR3 cells from culture plates were harvested and suspended in ice-cold PBS. The cells were washed with PBS (ice-cold) once using a centrifuge and resuspended in 0.5 mL stain buffer (Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 2% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.09% sodium azide).
  • stain buffer Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 2% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.09% sodium azide).
  • test antibodies or antibody conjugates were added to the cell solution (10 ⁇ g/mL), followed by incubation at 4°C for 30 minutes. After another washing step using ice-cold PBS, the secondary mAb (mouse anti-human IgG Fc gamma-FITC) was added to the cell solution (stain buffer) and incubated for 30 minutes (4°C). The cells were then washed with PBS, resuspended to the stain buffer, and subjected to a Guava ® flow cytometry system (Millipore Sigma). About 1x10 6 cells were used per staining condition.
  • POROSTM R2 reverse-phase columns (2.1 x 30 mm, 10 ⁇ m) from Applied Biosystems were used for the UPLC system.
  • the samples were frozen immediately at -80°C after ADCs were added. Samples from all the time points were frozen, thawed, and processed together in one experiment.
  • mAb monoclonal antibody
  • HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
  • LC-MS Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer
  • EXAMPLE 2 Characterization of the bisecting glycan-bridged linker cleavage and stability
  • the proposed mechanism of action for anti-cancer ADCs includes 1) binding to the targeted antigens on the cancer cell surface, 2) internalization of the ADCs, and 3) the release of the cytotoxic payload to kill the cancer cells (Peters, & Brown, Biosci. Rep.35, e00225, doi:10.1042/BSR20150089 (2015); Chalouni. & Doll, J. Exper. & Clinical Cancer Res.37, 20 (2018)).
  • the linker that connects the antibody framework and the drug payload plays a critical role in the payload release mechanism (Su et al., Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 11, 3889-3907 (2021)). They are designed to be stable in the bloodstream but can be efficiently cleaved at the tumor site.
  • Val-Cit-PABC Valine-Citrulline-p-aminobenzylcarbamate
  • ADC ADC development as it has outstanding stability in plasma but remains labile to 25584 lysosomal enzymes, such as Cathepsin B.
  • Glycan-bridged conjugation presents another possibility to design enzyme-mediated payload release through the activity of glycosidases.
  • the endoglycosidase from Streptococcus pyogenes also known as Endo S
  • shaves off IgG glycans by cleaving the ⁇ 1-4 linkage between the GlcNAc residues in the chitobiose core Freeze & Kranz, Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol.17.13A.1, doi:10.1002/0471142727.mb1713as89 (2010); Collin & Olsén, EMBO J.20, 3046-3055 (2001)).
  • Trastuzumab is a well- studied mAb for breast and stomach cancer drug development.40 Similar to the mouse IgG2a substrate, the native glycan profile of the Trastuzumab biosimilar comprises bi-antennary N- glycans with terminal galactose or GlcNAc (Fig.5A). However, it also has a small amount ( ⁇ 10%) of afucosylated glycoforms that were not found in the mouse IgG. We removed terminal 25584 galactose and confirmed the addition of an azido-GlcNAc residue to the A2 and FA2 glycoforms using LC-MS as well as the downstream MMAE conjugation (Fig.5B, Fig.11).
  • Fig.6E cell viability studies demonstrate target-specific toxicity of the hIgG- MMAE was comparable to ADCs synthesized by using lysine conjugation or engineered cysteine conjugation (positive controls).
  • Fig.6F shows that HER2-expressing cell killing activity between hIgG-MMAE conjugated to FA2B-azide or FA2BG2-azide were comparable.
  • Mouse IgG2a is reported to have cross-binding affinities to certain types of human Fc ⁇ Rs, including Fc ⁇ R-I, Fc ⁇ R-IIa, and Fc ⁇ R-IIIa V158 (Temming et al., Mol. Immunol 127, 79- 86 (2020)).
  • MMAE ADCs prepared in this study preserve binding abilities to the antigen target and Fc ⁇ Rs while a slight decrease in Fc ⁇ Rs binding affinity was observed ( ⁇ 10-fold KD change). Since payload molecules could have distinct chemical and physical properties, the effect of payload conjugation should be evaluated when different payloads are used, especially for weaker IgG-protein interactions, e.g., Fc ⁇ R-IIIa.
  • IgG glycans are involved in Fc ⁇ R interactions and thus play regulatory roles in effector cell function, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Thomann et al., PLOS ONE 10, e0134949, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134949 (2015); Li et al., Proc. National Acad. Sci. (USA) 114, 3485-3490 (2017); Gudelj et al., Cell. Immunol. 333, 65-79 (2016); Cambay et al., Curr. Res. Immunol.1, 23-37 (2020)).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • IgG the lifetime and physical properties of IgG can be affected by the glycan structures.
  • sialylation of IgG glycans was reported to increase IgG longevity by either facilitating the evasion from serum circulation mediated by asialoglycoprotein receptors, or by enhancing IgG interaction with neonatal Fc gamma receptors (FcRn) (Ashwell & Harford Annu. Rev. Biochem.51, 531-554, doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.002531 (1982); Bas et al., J. Immunol.202, 1582 (2019); Morell et al., J. Biol. Chem.246, 1461-1467 (1971)).
  • IgG galactosylation is known to promote C1q binding and downstream complement activity (van Osch et al., J. Immunol., ji2100399, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100399 (2021); Dekkers et al., Front. Immunol.8, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00877 (2017); Peschke et al., Front. Immunol.8, 646 (2017)).
  • IgG glycans therefore, serve as versatile handles to fine-tune the immune response and pharmacokinetic properties of antibodies, and potentially as for ADCs.
  • Payload conjugation through the bisecting GlcNAc residues preserves the opportunity of engineering the bi-antennary arms of the N-glycan.
  • This can be achieved by introducing glycosyltransferases to IgG with the azido-glycoforms (e.g., FA2B-Azide) to rebuild the terminal galactose or sialic acid residues (Fig.7A).
  • the human IgG1 Trastuzumab biosimilar as an example. Treating the substrate with human ⁇ 1-4 galactosyltransferase (Homo sapiens) following the GnT-III reaction gave the di-galactosylated glycoform (FA2BG2-Azide).
  • UDP-GlcNAc glycopeptide beta 4-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III, an enzyme in hen oviduct which adds GlcNAc in beta 1-4 linkage to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of N-glycosyl oligosaccharides.
  • Dolastatin 10 a powerful cytostatic peptide derived from a marine animal: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization mediated through the vinca alkaloid binding domain. Biochemical Pharmacology 39, 1941-1949 (1990). 33. Hsu, Y.-P. et al. Successive remodeling of IgG glycans using a solid-phase enzymatic platform. Communications Biology 5, 328 (2022). 34. Thomann, M. et al. In Vitro Glycoengineering of IgG1 and Its Effect on Fc Receptor Binding and ADCC Activity. PLOS ONE 10, e0134949, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134949 (2015). 35. Peters, C. & Brown, S.
  • Antibody-drug conjugates as novel anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Biosci Rep 35, e00225, doi:10.1042/BSR20150089 (2015). 25584 36. Chalouni, C. & Doll, S. Fate of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer Cells. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 37, 20 (2018). 37. Su, Z. et al. Antibody–drug conjugates: Recent advances in linker chemistry. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 11, 3889-3907 (2021). 38. Freeze, H. H. & Kranz, C. Endoglycosidase and glycoamidase release of N-linked glycans.
  • a glycoprotein comprising a protein conjugated to at least one bisected N- glycan in which the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,4 linked mannose residue of the trimannosyl core (M3) of the bisected N-glycan is linked to the reducing end of an azido-N-acetyl glucosamine residue in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage, wherein M3 is represented by the formula comprising Man ⁇ 1-3(Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn; wherein the azido-N-acetyl glucosamine is selected from the group consisting of 6-azido-GlcNAc comprising the formula: 25584 wherein the nonreducing end of at least one of the ⁇ 1,6-linked or ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residues is linked to the reducing end
  • Embodiment 2 The glycoprotein of embodiment 1, wherein the nonreducing end of the GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage.
  • Embodiment 3 The glycoprotein of embodiment 2, wherein the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage.
  • Embodiment 4. The glycoprotein of embodiment 3, wherein the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • glycoprotein of embodiment 1 wherein the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,6-linked mannose residue is linked to the reducing end of a first GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage and the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residue is linked to the reducing end of a second GlcNAc residue by a ⁇ 1,2 linkage.
  • Embodiment 6
  • glycoprotein of embodiment 5 wherein (i) the nonreducing end of the first GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage; (ii) the nonreducing end of the second GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose 25584 residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage; or (iii) the nonreducing end of the first GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a first galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage and the nonreducing end of the second GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a second galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage.
  • Embodiment 7 Embodiment 7.
  • glycoprotein of embodiment 6 wherein the nonreducing end of the galactose residue of (i) or (ii) or the nonreducing end of the first and second galactose residues of (iii) each linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • Embodiment 8 The glycoprotein of embodiment 6, wherein the nonreducing end of the galactose residue of (i) or (ii) or the nonreducing end of the first and second galactose residues of (iii) each linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage.
  • Embodiment 10. The glycoprotein of embodiment 9, wherein the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • Embodiment 11. The glycoprotein of embodiment 10, wherein the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • Embodiment 12 The glycoprotein of embodiment 11, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • glycoprotein of embodiment 12, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • Embodiment 14 is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, 25584 tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and
  • Embodiment 17 An antibody conjugated to at least one bisected N-glycan in which the nonreducing end of the ⁇ 1,4 linked mannose residue of the trimannosyl core (M3) of the bisected N-glycan is linked to the reducing end of an azido-N-acetyl glucosamine residue in a ⁇ 1,4 linkage, wherein M3 is represented by the formula comprising Man ⁇ 1-3(Man ⁇ 1-6)Man ⁇ 1- 4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–4GlcNAc ⁇ 1–Asn; wherein the azido-N-acetyl glucosamine is selected from the group consisting of 6-azido-GlcNAc comprising the formula: wherein the nonreducing end of at least one of the ⁇ 1,6-linked or ⁇ 1,3-linked mannose residues is linked to the reducing end of an N-acetyl glucosamine (G
  • Embodiment 18 The antibody of embodiment 17, wherein the nonreducing end of the GlcNAc residue is linked to the reducing end of a galactose residue by a ⁇ 1,4 linkage.
  • Embodiment 19 The antibody of embodiment 18, wherein the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,6 linkage.
  • Embodiment 20 The antibody of embodiment 18, wherein the nonreducing end of the galactose residue is linked to the reducing end of a sialic acid residue by an ⁇ 2,3 linkage.
  • Embodiment 21 Embodiment 21.
  • Embodiment 17 wherein the azido group of the azido-N- acetyl glucosamine is conjugated to a payload comprising an alkyne functional group in a triazole linkage.
  • Embodiment 26 The antibody of embodiment 25, wherein the payload is a therapeutic agent, a diagnostic agent, radionuclide, or protecting group.
  • Embodiment 27 The antibody of embodiment 26, wherein the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a peptide, an immune agonist, or a nucleic acid molecule or nucleic acid analog.
  • Embodiment 28 The antibody of embodiment 27, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  • Embodiment 29 The antibody of embodiment 17, wherein the azido group of the azido-N- acetyl glucosamine is conjugated to a payload comprising an alkyne functional group in a triazole linkage.
  • the antibody of embodiment 28, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamethasone, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • Embodiment 30 wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is Cortisol, cortisone acetate, beclometasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, trimcinolone, budesonide, dexamet
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers, indolinobenzodiazepine dimers, and radioisotopes.
  • the cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecins, epothilones, mytomycins, combretastatins, vinca alkaloids, maytansinoids, enediynes, duocarmycins, tubulysins, amatoxins, bleomycins, dolastatins and auristatins, pyrrolobenzodia
  • An antibody conjugate comprising the structure: A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n 25584 wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne functional group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne functional group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide functional group and the alkyne functional group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • Embodiment 34 The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein L is a self-immolative linker.
  • Embodiment 35 The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • Embodiment 36 The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • Embodiment 37 The antibody of embodiment 36, wherein the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • Embodiment 38 The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and L 2 is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • Embodiment 36 The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the azido
  • the antibody of embodiment 37, wherein the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • Embodiment 39. The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1- azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azi
  • Embodiment 40 The antibody of embodiment 33, wherein the bisecting sugar residue is GlcNAz and the triazole linkage has the structure: wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure: wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne functional group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • Embodiment 41 A composition comprising a plurality of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein each ADC independently comprises the structure A b-[B-T-L-Pay] n wherein Ab is an antibody; B is a bisected N-glycan wherein the bisecting sugar residue is azido- GlcNAc or GlcNAz residue having an azide functional group; L is a linker element comprising an alkyne group or a bond; Pay is a payload, which comprises an alkyne group when L is a bond; T is a triazole linkage formed between the linkage of the azide group and the alkyne group; and, n is an integer from 1-20.
  • ADCs antibody-drug conjugates
  • Embodiment 42 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein L is a self-immolative linker. 25584 Embodiment 43.
  • the composition of embodiment 41, wherein L has the formula L 1 -L 2 , wherein each of L 1 and is independently a linker element or a bond.
  • Embodiment 44. The composition of embodiment 41, wherein L comprises a distal end comprising an alkyne containing group linked to the azide of the azido-GlcNAc or GlcNAz of bisected N-glycan B in triazole linkage T and a proximal end linked to Pay.
  • Embodiment 45 The composition of embodiment 44, wherein the alkyne group is a strained cyclooctyne.
  • Embodiment 46 The composition of embodiment 45, wherein the strained cyclooctyne is DBCO.
  • Embodiment 47 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the bisected N-glycan B comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1- azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B
  • Embodiment 48 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the bisecting sugar residue is GlcNAz and the triazole linkage has the structure: 25584 wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the amine group of the GlcNAz residue and the C2 carbon of the glucose residue comprising the GlcNAz residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne group of L or Pay when L is a bond; or, the bisecting sugar residue is 6-azido-GlcNAc and the triazole linkage has the structure: wherein the wavy line identifies the bond between the C5 and C6 carbons of the glucose residue comprising the 6-azido-GlcNAc residue and the double wavy lines identify bonds between the alkyne group of L or Pay when L is a bond.
  • Embodiment 49 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B-azide or FA2B-azide or both A2B-azide and FA2B-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 50 Embodiment 50.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 51 Embodiment 51.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 52 Embodiment 52.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure 25584 A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 53 Embodiment 53.
  • composition of embodiment 401 wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 54 Embodiment 54.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 55 Embodiment 55.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 56 Embodiment 56.
  • Embodiment 57 An antibody comprising one or more N-glycans selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; 25584 FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)- azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G
  • Embodiment 58 An antibody comprising one or more N-glycans selected from the group consisting of A2B-azide; FA2B-azide; A2B[3]G1-azide; FA2[3]BG1-azide; A2B[6]G1-azide; FA2B[6]G1-azide; A2BG2-azide; FA2BG2-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(6)- azide; A2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1(6)-azide; A2BG2S2(6)-azide; FA2BG2S2(6)-azide; A2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[3]G1S1(3)-azide; A2B[6]G1S1(3)-azide; FA2B[6]G1S1
  • Embodiment 59 An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an antibody of embodiment 57 or 58 conjugated to a payload comprising an alkyne group.
  • Embodiment 60 The ADC of embodiment 59, wherein the payload is a cytotoxic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a radionuclide, or diagnostic agent.
  • Embodiment 61 Embodiment 61.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 62 Embodiment 62.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 64 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 65 Embodiment 65.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 66 Embodiment 66.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 50 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 67 Embodiment 67.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1- azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 68 Embodiment 68.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1- azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T. 25584 Embodiment 69.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2- azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 70 Embodiment 70.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 71 Embodiment 71.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 72 Embodiment 72.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 73 Embodiment 73.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 70 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 74 Embodiment 74.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 70 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 70 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 76 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 70 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 77 Embodiment 77.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 70 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 78 Embodiment 78.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 70 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 79 Embodiment 79.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 96 mole%, 97 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, or 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1- azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 80 Embodiment 80.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 80 mole%of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 80 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 82 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 80 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 83 Embodiment 83.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 80 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 84 Embodiment 84.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 80 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 85 Embodiment 85.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 90 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 86 Embodiment 86.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 90 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 87 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 90 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or 25584 FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 88 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 90 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 89 Embodiment 89.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 90 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 90 Embodiment 90.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 90 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 91 Embodiment 91.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 95 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 92 Embodiment 92.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 95 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 93 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 95 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 94 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 95 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 95 Embodiment 95.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 95 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 96 Embodiment 96.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 95 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 97 Embodiment 97.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 96 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 98 Embodiment 98.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 96 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 99 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 96 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 100 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 96 mole% of the structure 25584 A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 101 Embodiment 101.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 96 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 102 Embodiment 102.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 96 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 103 Embodiment 103.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 97 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 104 Embodiment 104.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 97 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 105 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 97 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 106 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 97 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T. 25584 Embodiment 107.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 97 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 108 Embodiment 108.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 97 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 109 Embodiment 109.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 110 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 111 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 112 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 113 Embodiment 113.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or 25584 FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 114 Embodiment 114.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 98 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 115 Embodiment 115.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 99 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 116 Embodiment 116.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 99 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 117 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 99 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 118 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 99 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 119 Embodiment 119.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 99 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T. 25584 Embodiment 120.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 99 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 121 Embodiment 121.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1-azide or FA2B[3]G1-azide or both A2B[3]G1-azide and FA2B[3]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 122 Embodiment 122.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 100mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1-azide or FA2B[6]G1-azide or both A2B[6]G1-azide and FA2B[6]G1-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 123 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 100 mole% of the structure A2BG2S2-azide or FA2BG2S2-azide or both A2BG2-azide and FA2BG2-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 124 The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the composition, the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 100 mole% of the structure A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[3]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 125 Embodiment 125.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 100 mole% of the structure A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide or FA2B[6]G21S1(6 or 3)-azide or both A2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)-azide and FA2B[6]G1S1(6 or 3)- azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T.
  • Embodiment 126 Embodiment 126.
  • composition of embodiment 41 wherein the predominant N-glycans in the composition comprise greater than 100 mole% of the structures A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or 25584 FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide or both A2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide and FA2BG2S2(6 or 3)-azide, wherein the azide is part of the triazole linkage T. While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrated embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited hereto. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings herein will recognize additional modifications and embodiments within the scope thereof. Therefore, the present invention is limited only by the specification and the claims attached herein.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une stratégie de conjugaison pontée par glycane bisécant qui permet une conjugaison spécifique de site de glycoprotéines sans avoir besoin d'une synthèse chimique d'oligosaccharide et d'ingénierie d'acides aminés. L'application de ce procédé est démontrée par conjugaison d'anticorps humains et de souris avec une cytotoxine. Cette stratégie préserve la fonction effectrice Fc des anticorps et confère la capacité à remodeler les glycanes pour affiner l'immunogénicité et les propriétés pharmacocinétiques de conjugués anticorps-médicaments par glycoingénierie.
PCT/US2023/078425 2022-11-07 2023-11-02 Conjugaison pontée par glycane bisécant pour la production de conjugués de glycoprotéines WO2024102603A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160257764A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-09-08 Synaffix B.V. Glycoengineered antibody, antibody-conjugate and methods for their preparation
US20180133340A1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2018-05-17 CHO Pharma Inc. Antibody-drug conjugates
WO2018218004A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Lieurs pour conjugués anticorps-médicament
US20190091332A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2019-03-28 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Anti-lag3 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments
US20210087298A1 (en) * 2017-11-09 2021-03-25 National Research Council Of Canada Antibody glycoconjugates and methods of production and use
US20220160882A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2022-05-26 Medimmune, Llc Method of conjugating a polypeptide

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160257764A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-09-08 Synaffix B.V. Glycoengineered antibody, antibody-conjugate and methods for their preparation
US20190091332A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2019-03-28 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Anti-lag3 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments
US20220160882A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2022-05-26 Medimmune, Llc Method of conjugating a polypeptide
US20180133340A1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2018-05-17 CHO Pharma Inc. Antibody-drug conjugates
WO2018218004A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Lieurs pour conjugués anticorps-médicament
US20210087298A1 (en) * 2017-11-09 2021-03-25 National Research Council Of Canada Antibody glycoconjugates and methods of production and use

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