WO2024100134A1 - Composés prébiotiques pour leur utilisation dans des animaux monogastriques - Google Patents

Composés prébiotiques pour leur utilisation dans des animaux monogastriques Download PDF

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WO2024100134A1
WO2024100134A1 PCT/EP2023/081182 EP2023081182W WO2024100134A1 WO 2024100134 A1 WO2024100134 A1 WO 2024100134A1 EP 2023081182 W EP2023081182 W EP 2023081182W WO 2024100134 A1 WO2024100134 A1 WO 2024100134A1
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encapsulated
amino acid
use according
increased
animals
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PCT/EP2023/081182
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English (en)
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Tristan CHALVON-DEMERSAY
Etienne CORRENT
William Lambert
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Metabolic Explorer
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns the domain of diet of farm animals, in particular of monogastric animals such as poultry and pigs. More specifically, the present invention concerns prebiotic compounds for their use in promoting health of monogastric farm animals.
  • Farm animals constitute valuable source of quality nutrition and economic development across the world.
  • Animal nutrition is a domain in constant evolution.
  • the diet of farm animals has to be adapted to their needs, in order to favorize growth, and more generally to sustain their performances: production of flesh, milk or wood, according to the cases.
  • amino acids are classified as nutritionally “essential” or “non-essential”.
  • Nutritionally essential amino acids are so termed because the carbon skeleton of these amino acids cannot be synthesized in the biological system, and thus must be supplied through the diet.
  • Each animal species has its own specificities; for example, pigs require only ten essential amino acids, although poultry require twelve essential amino acids to be supplied in its diet.
  • Encapsulated amino acids have been successfully administered to beef cattle. These “rumen-protected” amino acids have been shown to present significant effects on milk yield and metabolism in general (Leal Yepes et al., 2019) and on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones secretions (Lee et al., 2020).
  • the patent US 7,939,117 describes a process for producing a rumen-bypass dietary supplement in compacted particulate form, which supplement has the capability of passing between about 65 to 96% of its active content (such as amino acids) to the postrumen digestive system of ruminants.
  • Diets of monogastric animals are also supplemented with free amino acids.
  • Administration of encapsulated amino acids allow their transit in the stomach without their acidity causing damage to the walls of the gastric tract. Furthermore, encapsulation allows to slow down the release of the amino acids, and to prevent their degradation, which ultimately allows to reduce the quantities administered and thus to save costs associated with the supplementation of diets.
  • the article (Dahiya et al., 2005) demonstrates that lipid encapsulation of glycine increases the final glycine concentration in jejunum and ileum of birds, for the same administered quantity: non-encapsulated glycine is rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, whereas fat-encapsulated glycine is released slowly along the length of intestine.
  • microencapsulated lysine allows to obtain the same growth performances than higher amounts of non-encapsulated lysine; it is therefore proposed to decrease the amounts of free amino acid for supplementing the diet, by using microencapsulated lysine instead of lysine HCL, and therefore saving costs (Prandini et al., 2013).
  • the patent application US 2022/0264910 discloses a composition comprising at least one amino acid and at least one derivative of phytocompound (thymol, tannins) encapsulated in a lipid matrix, for administration to monogastric animals.
  • a method for treatment of decrease in muscle mass or strength, comprising the administration of this composition is also described.
  • the same composition is described in US 2022/0386649, for its use in a method for the treatment of deficiency of at least one amino acid in a monogastric animal.
  • the lipid matrix provides gastroprotection of this composition.
  • the patent application US 2021 /307365 also discloses encapsulated compositions intended for administration to broilers.
  • Encapsulated components are amino acids, minerals and/or vitamins. Encapsulation in a lipid matrix of these components allow to reduce the administered amounts, while obtaining the same biological effects. Further, it is demonstrated that encapsulated minerals and vitamins have a positive effect on intestinal health of poultry.
  • farmers can improve the health, welfare and productivity of their animals through different means, including vaccination, sanitary measures for prevention of disease entering, and improvement of the living conditions. farmers may also use nutritional supplements such as prebiotic compounds.
  • the present invention concerns prebiotic compounds for their use in promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals.
  • the present invention relates to encapsulated amino acid(s) for their use in promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals.
  • the health promotion correlates with a prebiotic effect of said encapsulated amino acids.
  • the health promotion correlates with at least one of the following biological effects: increased survival rate; increased resistance to parasites, in particular to the protozoan Eimeria inducing coccidiosis; increased proportion of dry matter content over the total matter content into the gut; increased body weight and/or increased average daily gain and/or feed conversion ratio.
  • T1 control group - basal diet
  • T2 basal diet + 0.2% encapsulated BCAA
  • T3 basal diet + 0.2% encapsulated tryptophan
  • T4 basal diet + 0.2% encapsulated lysine.
  • T1 control group - basal diet
  • T2 basal diet + 0.2% encapsulated BCAA
  • T3 basal diet + 0.2% encapsulated tryptophan
  • T4 basal diet + 0.2% encapsulated lysine.
  • 3A) phylum, 3B) family, and 3C) genus level All taxa are given at phylum level, 10 most abundant for other taxa. If not classified at respective taxa level, lowest reliable depth of taxonomy is given.
  • Health is a dynamic and ongoing process in all living organisms, which is coping with and responding to all the things animals meet in the surrounding, which potentially could influence them.
  • Disease causing germs, parasites and numerous stress factors are present in the lives of animals. All living organisms have an immune system which should be supported to cope with these germs. All forms of stress and pressure can disturb this.
  • Animal health promotion can be understood as all forms and types of support which farmers can give to the animals in their care, in order to keep them healthy on all levels. Animal health promotion is not targeting a specific disease, but the whole animal, its health and wellbeing. In addition, it is also things as simple as access to fresh air, access to exercise, high hygiene and clean water: everything which supports the general health of the animal.
  • the terms “digestive health”, “gut health” or “intestinal health” designate, in the sense of the invention, an effective digestive function, a good nutrient absorption and an effective use of those nutrients to promote growth of animals.
  • a healthy gut corresponds to a healthy, balanced microbiome (microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract).
  • promoting digestive health refers to an improvement or a maintenance of the balance of the microbiome.
  • animal health promotion in particular digestive health promotion, can be reached with the administration of active compounds having a prebiotic effect.
  • encapsulated amino acids can be used as prebiotic compounds for promoting health of farm animals.
  • the present invention concerns encapsulated amino acid(s) for their use in promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals.
  • amino acids designate organic compounds that contain both an amino (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group, and are the basic building blocks of proteins.
  • Today 20 amino acids have been listed: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Valine.
  • amino acids are essential for humans; ten are essential for pigs (in young age) and for poultry: Arginine, Methionine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Leucine, Tryptophan, Lysine and Valine.
  • the encapsulated amino acids are chosen among the 20 amino acids as listed above.
  • the encapsulated amino acids are chosen among the essential amino acids for the considered animal species.
  • the encapsulated amino acid(s) are chosen among the group consisting of: valine, leucine, isoleucine, a mix of valine, leucine and isoleucine (designated as BCAA), tryptophan, lysine, and mixes thereof.
  • the encapsulated amino acid(s) are preferentially chosen among encapsulated BCAA, encapsulated tryptophan, encapsulated lysine, and any combination thereof.
  • the present invention also concerns the non-therapeutic use of encapsulated amino acid(s) for promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals.
  • the monogastric farm animals are preferentially healthy monogastric farm animals.
  • encapsulated amino acid(s) designate at least one amino acid chosen among the 20 amino acids listed above, or any combination of at least two distinct amino acids, that are coated with a carrier material.
  • the invention concerns one encapsulated amino acid, consisting of a single amino acid encapsulated with a carrier material.
  • the invention in a second embodiment, concerns a mixture of at least two distinct amino acids, said mixture being encapsulated with a carrier material.
  • the invention concerns a mixture of three distinct amino acids, said mixture being encapsulated with a carrier material.
  • the carrier material is usually composed of biomolecules. It may be composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids or any combination thereof.
  • the main compounds used for encapsulation are starch, amylose, amylopectin, dextrins, maltodextrins, polydextrose, cellulose, gums (notably issued from plants), galactomannans, pectins, carrageenans, alginate, dextran, chitosan, xanthan and gellan.
  • the main compounds used for encapsulation are milk proteins, whey proteins, caseins, gelatin and gluten.
  • the main compounds used for encapsulation are fatty acids, fatty alcohols, waxes, glycerides and phospholipids.
  • a commonly used phospholipid is lecithin, in particular lecithin from soy or rapeseed; a commonly used fatty acid is palmitic acid.
  • the relative proportion amino acid(s) / carrier is advantageously of about 5% - 40% of amino acid(s) and 95% - 60% of carrier, in weight; and is preferentially of about 30% amino acid(s) and 70% of carrier, in weight.
  • Encapsulation processes are well known by the man skilled in the art, and have been disclosed notably in the following documents:
  • the carrier material for encapsulating amino acids is made of lipids.
  • the carrier material is composed of a mixture of palmitic acid and lecithin.
  • the preferred techniques for encapsulating amino acids are spray chilling or spray cooling, which are particularly adapted for encapsulation with lipids.
  • encapsulated amino acid(s) are obtained by spray cooling with a coating consisting of a mixture of palmitic acid and lecithin.
  • monogastric animals designate mammals with a single-compartmented stomach.
  • Examples of monogastric animals include poultry, pigs, horses, rabbits, dogs and cats. Among them, poultry, pigs, horses and rabbits are monogastric farm animals.
  • Poultry designates any type of bird that humans raise for food, feathers or work. Poultry includes notably chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks.
  • monogastric farm animals are chosen among pigs and poultry, and are in particular chosen among pigs, chickens and turkeys.
  • the monogastric farm animals are pigs. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the monogastric farm animals are poultry.
  • the monogastric farm animals are chickens.
  • the monogastric farm animals are turkeys.
  • the monogastric farm animals are healthy.
  • the monogastric farm animals are non- healthy, in particular they may present a deficiency in their digestive health, for example an imbalance in their microbiome.
  • encapsulated amino acids can be administered by any route to the monogastric farm animals, in particular via oral route.
  • encapsulated amino acid(s) are administered orally, and in particular are incorporated into the diet of monogastric farm animals.
  • An efficient amount of said encapsulated amino acid(s) is incorporated into the diet of animals, i.e., an amount allowing to obtain the desired effects as detailed below.
  • encapsulated amino acid(s) are incorporated into the diet in an amount comprised between 0.01% and 0.5% in weight of the diet.
  • the present invention concerns encapsulated amino acid(s) for their use in promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals, wherein the health promotion correlates with a prebiotic effect of said encapsulated amino acids.
  • a healthy gut corresponds to a healthy, balanced microbiome (microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract).
  • promoting digestive health refers to an improvement or a maintenance of the balance of the microbiome.
  • a “compound with prebiotic effect” also designated as “a prebiotic compound” is a compound promoting growth and/or activity of the microbiome, i.e., the beneficial microorganisms present in the digestive tract of monogastric animals.
  • the prebiotics concept was introduced for the first time in 1995.
  • Prebiotic was described as “a non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improves host health”.
  • the current scientific definition of a prebiotic was developed by a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition, and clinical research in 2016. This current consensus definition is: “a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit”.
  • the concept includes three essential parts: a substance, a physiologically beneficial effect, and a microbiota-mediated mechanism.
  • the growth and/or activity of the intestinal bacteria can be selectively stimulated by this compound and this process improves host’s health.
  • compounds having a prebiotic effect are beneficial for the growth and/or activity of gut microbiome, and therefore are beneficial for digestive health of the animal.
  • the “prebiotic effect” of encapsulated amino acid(s) is at least one of the following:
  • the encapsulated amino acid is encapsulated lysine.
  • the animals are poultry, and in particular chickens/broilers.
  • encapsulated lysine administered to broilers for 35 days improves population of Firmicutes, in particular of Lactobacillaceae, in midcolon of animals; reduces population of Bacteroidota, in particular of Bacteroidaceae, in midcolon of animals; increases concentration of butyrate in small and large intestine of animals; and increases concentration of acetate and propionate in large intestine of animals.
  • the present invention also relates to prebiotic compounds that consist of encapsulated amino acid(s), in particular of encapsulated lysine.
  • the invention concerns encapsulated amino acid(s) for their use for promoting health in monogastric farm animals, in particular digestive health, wherein said health promotion correlates with at least one of the following biological effects:
  • the “survival rate” is defined as the percentage of animals in a treatment group still alive after a given period of time.
  • An “increased survival rate” is defined as a significantly higher survival rate in a group, compared to another group of animals, after the same period of time.
  • example 3A shows an increased survival rate of chickens treated with encapsulated BCAA, tryptophan or lysine in comparison with a group of untreated chickens.
  • the “resilience to parasite infection” is defined as the ability of an animal to maintain performance (growth for example) despite being infected with a parasite.
  • a parasite is an organism that lives in or on another organism (referred to as the host) and gains an advantage at the expense of that organism.
  • parasites mean internal parasites, residing in the stomach and intestinal tracts of monogastric animals.
  • the most common parasites of pigs are: the large roundworm Ascaris suum; its presence decreases feed intake and daily gain and cause a depression in gai feed ratio; the whipworm Trichuris suis is found in the cecum and upper large intestine. The slender head end of this small worm penetrates the gut lining, causing irritation and some blood loss; the “nodular worm” stems from the nodules produced by a larval stage of Oesophagostomum; the tiny intestinal worm Strongyloides occurs commonly in baby pigs. Heavy infections may cause intensive scouring in neonatal pigs, resulting in acute dehydration.
  • worms such as roundworms (nematodes) and tapeworms (cestodes), and protozoa such as coccidia (species of the Eimeria genus), cryptosporidia (Cryptosporidium baileyi), and histomonads (H. melegridis).
  • Coccidia live and reproduce in the digestive tract, where they cause tissue damage. This damage reduces nutrient and fluid absorption and causes diarrhea and blood loss. Infection with or disease caused by coccidia is designated as Coccidiosis. Most coccidia in poultry belong to the genus Eimeria, which are highly host-specific. There are seven pathogenic species of Eimeria affecting chickens, five affecting turkeys and one affecting ducks.
  • An “increased resilience to parasite infection” is defined as an increased ability of an infected animal to maintain performance.
  • example 2 shows that a treatment with encapsulated BCAA improves significantly the performances (Body Weight (BW), Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)) of a group of broilers challenged with coccidia parasites, compared to a coccidia -infected, untreated group.
  • BW Body Weight
  • ADG Average Daily Gain
  • FCR Feed Conversion Ratio
  • a “proportion of dry matter content over the total matter content into the gut” is defined as the proportion of all nutrients contained in the gut, except water; this includes protein, fiber, fat, minerals, etc. This relates to a reduced amount of liquid digesta, and a better consistency. Measure of this biological effect is well known by the person of the art, as being useful for determining the efficiency of the digestive function.
  • An “increased proportion of dry matter content over the total matter content into the gut” is representative of a healthy digestive function of the tested animals.
  • Body weight is self-explanatory; it is usually measured at the end of a test phase;
  • Average daily gain (ADG) of an animal corresponds to the gain in weight per day. It is largely a result of feed intake, but may also depends on genetics, with some lines growing faster than others;
  • Feed conversion ratio corresponds to the ratio of conversion of feed intake into body weight, i.e., the ratio between ADFI and ADG. It is a measure of the efficiency with which the bodies of livestock convert feed into the desired output.
  • FCR corresponds to the ratio of inputs to outputs; it is the inverse of "feed efficiency” also designated as “Feed:Gain”, which is the ratio of outputs to inputs.
  • the “Feed:Gain” ratio is generally superior to 1 ; the closest to 1 it is, the better for the farmer (because less food is needed for “producing” 1 gram of flesh). Regarding the FCR, it shall be as smaller as possible for the interest of the farmer.
  • An “increased body weight and/or average daily gain and/or feed conversion ratio” is representative of an increased performance of a group of animals, compared to a control group.
  • the encapsulated amino acid is encapsulated tryptophan, and the correlating biological effect is an increased survival rate.
  • the present invention relates to encapsulated tryptophan, for its use for increasing the survival rate of monogastric farm animals, in particular of pigs and poultry.
  • the encapsulated amino acid is encapsulated lysine
  • the correlating biological effect is an increased dry matter content into the gut.
  • the present invention relates to encapsulated lysine, for its use for increasing the proportion of dry matter content in the gut of monogastric farm animals, in particular of pigs and poultry.
  • animals treated with encapsulated lysine present an increased percentage of dry matter content in different parts of the gut, such as the midjejunum, which is representative of a healthy digestive function.
  • the present invention relates to encapsulated lysine for its use in promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals, wherein the health promotion correlates with a prebiotic effect of said encapsulated lysine, in particular wherein the prebiotic effect is at least one of the following:
  • these prebiotic effects are obtained on poultry and/or on pigs.
  • the prebiotic effect is at least one of the following:
  • the encapsulated amino acids are encapsulated BCAA, and the correlating biological effect is an increased resilience to parasite infection.
  • the present invention relates to encapsulated BCAA, for its use for increasing the resilience to parasite infection of monogastric farm animals, in particular of pigs and poultry, and more particularly of poultry.
  • the considered parasites are in particular the following: the large roundworm Ascaris suum, or the whipworm Trichuris suis, or the “nodular worm”, or the intestinal worm Strongyloides.
  • the considered parasites are in particular the following: roundworms (nematodes), or tapeworms (cestodes), or coccidia (species of the Eimeria genus), or cryptosporidia (Cryptosporidium baileyi), or histomonads (H. melegridis).
  • the monogastric farm animals are poultry, in particular chicken, and the parasite is coccidia.
  • the parasite is E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, or any mixture thereof; and in particular is Eimeria maxima.
  • a group of chicken treated with encapsulated BCAA present a significant resilience to this parasitic infection with coccidia, compared to an untreated group of animals.
  • the encapsulated amino acid is encapsulated BCAA and/or encapsulated lysine
  • the monogastric farm animals are pigs
  • the correlating biological effect is an increased body weight and/or average daily gain and/or feed conversion ratio.
  • the present invention relates to: encapsulated BCAA, for its use for increasing the performance of monogastric farm animals, in particular of pigs, or encapsulated lysine, for its use for increasing the performance of monogastric farm animals, in particular of pigs.
  • the encapsulated amino acid is encapsulated BCAA and/or encapsulated lysine and/or encapsulated tryptophan
  • the monogastric farm animals are poultry
  • the correlating biological effect is an increased survival rate.
  • the present invention relates to: encapsulated lysine, for its use for increasing the survival rate of monogastric farm animals, in particular of poultry.
  • encapsulated BCAA for its use for increasing the survival rate of monogastric farm animals, in particular of poultry.
  • encapsulated tryptophan for its use for increasing the survival rate of monogastric farm animals, in particular of pigs and poultry.
  • administration of at least one encapsulated amino acid chosen encapsulated BCAA, encapsulated lysine and encapsulated tryptophan induces a significant higher rate of survival in the group of treated chicken, compared to the untreated group.
  • administration of encapsulated tryptophan induces a significant higher rate of survival in the group of treated pigs, compared to the untreated group.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for promoting health, in particular digestive health, of monogastric farm animals, comprising the administration of encapsulated amino acid(s) to said animals, in particular wherein said encapsulated amino acid(s) are incorporated into the diet of said animals.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of encapsulated amino acid(s) for the preparation of a medicament or of a nutritional supplement, intented for promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals.
  • the present invention also relates to the non-therapeutic use of encapsulated amino acid(s) as nutritional supplement for monogastric farm animals, wherein said encapsulated amino acid(s) promotes health, in particular digestive health, of said animals.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of encapsulated amino acid(s) for promoting health, in particular digestive health, in monogastric farm animals.
  • Amino acids such as tryptophan, lysine and a mixture of leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCAA) are encapsulated into a carrier materiel made of lipids.
  • a particular composition is the following (in weight):
  • Amino acids are encapsulated by spray chilling.
  • Liquid and/or solid ingredients are mixed into a melt of fully hydrogenated fat, typically at 70-85 °C. If needed, adjuvants are added to stabilize the dispersion.
  • Dripping point of the fat or fat mixture is typically between 55°C and 75°C.
  • the melt is continuously sprayed with a top spray system in a counter current manner, into a stream of cold air.
  • a top spray system for atomization of the melt, different kind of (i) one fluid pressure nozzles or (ii) two fluid nozzles are used.
  • the melt droplets are solidified and the resulting particles are continuously discharged from the spray tower.
  • droplets/particles have a particle size in the range of 150pm to 1mm.
  • adjuvants for example, silica as flow agent
  • Powders are then sieved (size inferior to 100 pm) and packed.
  • Example 2 Effects of administration of encapsulated BCAA to broiler chickens in the prevention of coccidiosis
  • the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of encapsulated BCAA administered from day 1 until day 22, as an aid in the prevention of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens kept under battery cage conditions.
  • the efficacy of this treatment was assessed by survey of mortality rate, oocyst shedding and differentiation, intestinal lesion scoring, body weight and weight gain.
  • broilers Four treatment groups of broilers (Ross 308) were included: an infected untreated control (IUC), an uninfected untreated control (UUC), an infected treated control (ITC, treatment with classical ionophore/chemical compound) and one infected tested group, treated with encapsulated BCAA (BCAA).
  • IUC infected untreated control
  • UUC uninfected untreated control
  • ITC infected treated control
  • BCAA encapsulated BCAA
  • coccidiosis challenge is performed for three groups, by oral inoculation of 1 mL of coccidiosis inoculum 602208/2 Eimeria spp. including: 90.4% E. acervulina, 7% E. tenella, 2.5% E. maxima.
  • the treatment with encapsulated BCAA improves significantly performance (ADG and BW) of challenged broilers, compared to control groups. Furthermore, treatment with encapsulated BCAA tends to reduce the FCR value, which is closest to those of control groups UUC and ITC.
  • Example 3 Effects of administration of encapsulated BCAA, tryptophane and lysine to broiler chickens in survival and gut health
  • the experimental design consists of one control group (T1 , negative control) and 3 other groups (T2, T3, and T4) receiving the control diet supplemented with encapsulated amino acids. Treatments were replicated in 9 pens each in a completely randomized block design. Block refers to physical allocation in the experimental facility.
  • results are presented in figure 1 .
  • untreated chickens (T1 ) present a survival rate of less than 90% after 39 days
  • all groups of encapsulated amino acid-treated-chickens (T2, T3 and T4) present a higher rate of survival.
  • encapsulated lysine- treated group (T4) has a survival rate of about 96% at D39.
  • Chicken treated with encapsulated Lysine (T4) tends to present an increased percentage of dry matter content in the mid-jejunum at D25.
  • chicken treated with encapsulated lysine (T4) present an increased percentage of butyrate in the caecum (small and large intestine) at D35. This is advantageous because butyrate is considered as the main source of energy for colonocytes, and is associated with decreased inflammation and higher expression of tight junctions.
  • Example 4 Effects on health of piglets of the administration of encapsulated BCAA, tryptophan or lysine
  • Protocol is the following: 192 TopigsNorsvin70 x German Pietrain newly weaned piglets (age 26-28 days) were allocated to 32 pens according to body weight and sex, such that the average body weight in each pen was similar, and that each pen had an equal number of castrated males and females.
  • Four groups are constituted: one control group (T1 , negative control) and 3 other groups (T2, T3, and T4) receiving the control diet supplemented with encapsulated amino acids, as presented in table 5 below. Table 5.
  • T3 Treatment with encapsulated tryptophan (T3) dramatically increases the survival of piglets: at D42, about 98% of piglets have survived. On the contrary, untreated piglets (T1 ) and piglets treated with encapsulated BCAA (T2) or encapsulated lysine (T4) present less than 90% of survival.
  • Results are presented in tables 6A and 6B below, considering two different time periods. Significant results are in bold characters.
  • Treatments with encapsulated BCAA and encapsulated lysine improve performances, in particular the average daily gain over the period D0-D42 of piglets, and the final body weight over the period D28-D42.
  • Table 7A Performance of piglets over the period Day 0 - Day 42: average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed:gain ratio (F:G), Table 7C. Performance of piglets over the “starter phase” period (D14-D42): average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), Feed:Gain ratio (F:G)
  • the gut health of piglets is evaluated by measuring the proportion of dry matter in four portions of the intestine: proximal small intestine, distal small intestine, caecum and mid-colon. Results are presented in tables 8 and 9 below.
  • Encapsulated Lys tends to increase the proportion of dry matter in all gut compartments, in particular in the caecum where the improvement is statistically significative. Furthermore, encapsulated lysine supplementation is associated withg increased concentration of acetate and propionate in large intestine.
  • Encapsulated lysine administration increases concentration of propionate and acetate in large intestine.
  • Example 5 Effects on microbiota of broilers of the administration of encapsulated BCAA, tryptophan or lysine
  • Protocol is the following:
  • one-day old chickens were divided into 4 groups, receiving different feeds throughout the rearing period, and broilers were sampled on d25 to analysis microbiota composition.
  • the experimental design consists of one control group (T1 , negative control) and 3 other groups (T2, T3, and T4) receiving the control diet supplemented with encapsulated amino acids. Treatments were replicated in 9 pens each in a completely randomized block design. Block refers to physical allocation in the experimental facility.
  • the raw reads were submitted to the DADA2 package (version 1.20.0; Callahan et al., 2016) in R (version 3.3.1 , http://www.r-project.org).
  • the raw sequences were quality trimmed and filtered, error models were constructed, amplicon sequence variants (ASV’s) were inferred, and forward and reverse reads were merged, and chimeras were removed following default settings or adjusted. It resulted in 1969027 reads (28686 - 91240 per sample) for caecal digesta.
  • the SILVA release 138.1 ; Quast et al., 2012; https://www.arb-silva.de/documentation/release-1381 /
  • Taxonomy data and metadata were merged into a Phyloseq object applying the Phyloseq package (version 1.36.0; McMurdie and Holmes, 2013) in R.
  • rCCA Regularized Canonical Correlation Analysis
  • the most dominant phyla are Bacteriodota (overall relative abundance of 58.1%) and Firmicutes (41.1%), while other phyla did not exceed 0.5% relative abundance.
  • Bacteriodaceae stood out (40.7% of all reads) together with another family within the Bacteriodota, namely Rikenellaceae (14.4%), while the different families in the Firmicutes; Lactobacillaceae (16.0%), Lachnospiraceae (9.5%) and Ruminococcaceae (5.3%), were all higher than 5% relative abundance.
  • Bacteroides 40.7%), Alistipes (14.4%), Lactobacillus (8.8%), and Limosilactobacillus (6.1%).
  • McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. phyloseq an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 22;8(4):e61217.
  • Prandini A. L. D. 0., Sigolo, S., Morlacchini, M., Grilli, E., & Fiorentini, L. (2013). Microencapsulated lysine and low-protein diets: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen excretion in heavy growing-finishing pigs. Journal of animal science, 91(9), 4226-4234.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un ou des acides aminés encapsulés pour leur utilisation dans la promotion de la santé, en particulier de la santé digestive, dans des animaux d'élevage monogastriques.
PCT/EP2023/081182 2022-11-09 2023-11-08 Composés prébiotiques pour leur utilisation dans des animaux monogastriques WO2024100134A1 (fr)

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US7939117B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2011-05-10 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Ruminant feedstock dietary supplement
WO2021019510A1 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Vetagro International S.R.L. Composition granulaire comprenant des acides aminés et des phytocomposés incorporés dans une matrice lipidique pour animaux monogastriques non mammaliens et leur utilisation
US20210307365A1 (en) 2016-11-08 2021-10-07 North Carolina State University Encapsulation of nutritional and/or compounds for controlled release and enhancing their bioavailability by limiting chemical or microbial exposure
US20220264910A1 (en) 2019-07-31 2022-08-25 Vetagro International S.R.L. Compositions comprising amino acids and a further component for the supply of amino acids to a monogastric animal such as a human or a pig

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7939117B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2011-05-10 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Ruminant feedstock dietary supplement
US20210307365A1 (en) 2016-11-08 2021-10-07 North Carolina State University Encapsulation of nutritional and/or compounds for controlled release and enhancing their bioavailability by limiting chemical or microbial exposure
WO2021019510A1 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Vetagro International S.R.L. Composition granulaire comprenant des acides aminés et des phytocomposés incorporés dans une matrice lipidique pour animaux monogastriques non mammaliens et leur utilisation
US20220264910A1 (en) 2019-07-31 2022-08-25 Vetagro International S.R.L. Compositions comprising amino acids and a further component for the supply of amino acids to a monogastric animal such as a human or a pig
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DAHIYA, J. P.HOEHLER, D.WILKIE, D. C.VAN KESSEL, A. G.DREW, M. D.: "Dietary glycine concentration affects intestinal Clostridium perfringens and lactobacilli populations in broiler chickens1", POULTRY SCIENCE, vol. 84, no. 12, 2005, pages 1875 - 1885
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