WO2024099472A1 - 测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方法及装置 - Google Patents

测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024099472A1
WO2024099472A1 PCT/CN2023/142844 CN2023142844W WO2024099472A1 WO 2024099472 A1 WO2024099472 A1 WO 2024099472A1 CN 2023142844 W CN2023142844 W CN 2023142844W WO 2024099472 A1 WO2024099472 A1 WO 2024099472A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
outlet
inlet
oil
gas
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林森虎
罗霞
侯连华
庞正炼
赵忠英
赵江清
林世均
王国辉
赵治文
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
    • G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of geo(rock) physics, and in particular to a method and device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in dense rock samples.
  • the condition for measuring the gas breakthrough pressure using the Poiseuille formula is to form a continuous layered flow of gas in the saturated sample. Since the permeability of the caprock (usually a dense mudstone layer) is very low, the gas flow does not meet the Poiseuille formula assumption of "laminar motion in a horizontal circular tube", resulting in a large measured gas breakthrough pressure and a long equilibrium time.
  • a Chinese patent (ZL2017 1 0996335.7) uses the change in electrical resistance caused by oil and gas entering the rock to determine the oil and gas breakthrough pressure.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method, which is used to accurately measure the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method.
  • the device includes:
  • a rock sample holder arranged in the constant temperature box, is used to hold a dense rock sample
  • An inlet end cavity a first end of which is in communication with a first end of the rock sample holder
  • An outlet cavity a first end of which is in communication with a second end of the rock sample holder
  • a piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water the first end of which is connected to the second end of the inlet chamber;
  • a pressure reversing control module is connected to the pump and is used to control the pump (7) to complete various pressure operations under simulated formation conditions under the control of the controller;
  • the controller is connected with the thermostatic box, the inlet cavity, the outlet cavity, the pressure reversing control module, the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas, and is used to send various pressure control instructions to the pressure reversing control module under the conditions of controlling the thermostatic box to simulate the formation temperature, so that the pressure reversing control module controls the pump to complete various pressure operations under the conditions of simulating the formation, controls the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas to work in sequence, collects the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity, and after the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity tend to be stable, the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in the dense rock sample.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a controller for a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method, which is used to accurately measure the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method.
  • the controller includes:
  • the pressure control unit is used to send various pressure control instructions to the pressure reversing control module under the condition of controlling the thermostatic box to simulate the formation temperature, so that the pressure reversing control module controls the pump to complete various pressure operations under the simulated formation conditions;
  • a displacement control unit used to control the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas to work in sequence;
  • the breakthrough pressure determination unit is used to collect the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity. After the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity are both stable, the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in the tight rock sample.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a control method for a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method, which is used to accurately measure the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method.
  • the control method includes:
  • various pressure control instructions are sent to the pressure reversing control module, so that the pressure reversing control module controls the pump to complete various pressure operations under the simulated formation conditions;
  • the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity are collected, and the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure after the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity tend to be stable is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in the tight rock sample.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the control method of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample using the pressure drop method is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program.
  • a control method for the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample using a pressure drop method is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • a computer program product which includes a computer program.
  • the control method of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by the pressure drop method is implemented.
  • the device in the scheme of measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by the pressure drop method, includes: a constant temperature box simulating the formation temperature; a rock sample holder, which is arranged in the constant temperature box and is used to clamp the dense rock sample; an inlet cavity, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the rock sample holder; an outlet cavity, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the rock sample holder; a piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the inlet cavity; a piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas, the first end of which is connected to the third end of the inlet cavity; a pump, which is used to provide the dense rock sample with various pressures under simulated formation conditions; a pressure reversing control module, which is connected to the outlet cavity; The pump is connected to the controller and is used to control the pump (7) to complete various pressure operations under simulated formation conditions under the control of the controller; the controller is
  • the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity after the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity tend to be stable, the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in tight rock samples.
  • This scheme can use the pressure drop method to accurately measure the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in tight rock samples.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a process for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in dense rock samples using the pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 1. Rock sample holder; 2.
  • Inlet chamber including an inlet volume composed of a pressure-stabilizing chamber with adjustable volume, a multi-way valve, an insulating short section and a pressure sensor; 3.
  • Outlet chamber including an outlet volume such as a valve, an insulating short section and a pressure sensor; 4.
  • Pressure reversing control module including a pneumatic valve, a stainless steel pressure pipeline and a pressure sensor, which completes the functions of pressurizing, regulating and unloading the axial pressure, confining pressure, pore pressure and displacement pressure under computer control; 5.
  • a pump which can 1. Double plunger pump, providing axial pressure, confining pressure, pore pressure and displacement pressure for the whole measuring system, realizing pressure adjustment, pressure stabilization and pressure relief under computer control; 2.
  • Computer acquisition control system including computer, bridge, control box (pressure module, resistor, temperature, thermostat, pump control circuit board) and special control software, realizing automatic control, real-time recording and data analysis of the measuring system; 3.
  • Outlet stop valve consisting of high-pressure stop valve, stainless steel pipeline and waste liquid cylinder, realizing breakthrough pressure measurement in open or closed mode; 4.
  • Thermostat including heating pipe, insulation layer, temperature control system and clamp insulation system, providing long-term stable temperature environment for simulating formation temperature.
  • the thin line in Figure 2 is the signal control line, and the thick black line is the fluid pipeline.
  • Figure 3 is a monitoring diagram of breakthrough pressure measured by the pressure drop method for a certain sample.
  • 1 is the pressure drop curve at the inlet end.
  • a section is selected before and after the curve. Each section regresses to a straight line 3 and 4.
  • the pressure value corresponding to the intersection of their extended lines is the pressure threshold of the seepage effect, which is 1.54MPa in Figure 3;
  • 2 is the pressure rise curve at the outlet end.
  • straight lines 5 and 6 are drawn.
  • the intersection of their extended lines is the outlet pressure threshold, which is 0.148MPa in the figure.
  • the difference between the two pressures is 1.392MPa, which is the oil breakthrough pressure of the sample in a closed system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller of a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a control method for a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application. Process diagram;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable volume inlet cavity in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure drop in the seepage stage is faster; the pressure drop in the diffusion stage is slower.
  • the definition of its inflection point is the basis for distinguishing the fluids in the two stages. Seepage is the main way to observe oil and gas migration in a short period of time. When the pressure acting on the oil and gas end is greater than a certain threshold, it begins to enter the water-bearing rock. If this pressure is not continuously replenished with energy, it will gradually decrease and tend to be stable, and finally approach the capillary pressure of rock water.
  • This threshold is the minimum breakthrough pressure (starting pressure) of oil and gas seepage migration.
  • starting pressure the minimum breakthrough pressure of oil and gas seepage migration.
  • a scheme for measuring the minimum breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in rock samples is proposed, and an experimental device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas by the pressure drop method under simulated formation conditions is developed.
  • a method for determining the pressure inflection point by the tangent method on the pressure drop curve is proposed. The feasibility and stability of this method have been verified by experiments. Whether in the process of gas drive or oil drive, as long as the measurement time is long enough, the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas can be accurately measured.
  • the oil and gas migration pressure is slightly greater than the breakthrough pressure, the oil and gas can continue to migrate into the pore space of the rock. In nature, this process is very slow (hundreds of thousands to millions of years).
  • the breakthrough pressure obtained by this pressure drop method is only related to the sample pore structure, fluid properties and inlet pressure, but not to the sample length, so there is no need to introduce the concept of pressure gradient.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a scheme for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in dense rock samples.
  • the scheme is a scheme for measuring the minimum breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in rock samples.
  • the scheme is suitable for the determination of the minimum breakthrough pressure in oil and gas migration in various reservoirs.
  • the scheme for measuring the minimum breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in rock samples is introduced in detail below.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG2 , the device includes:
  • a rock sample holder 1 is arranged in the thermostatic box 10 and is used to hold a dense rock sample
  • the pressure reversing control module 4 is connected to the pump 7 and is used to control the pump 7 to complete various pressure operations under the simulated formation conditions under the control of the controller 8;
  • the controller 8 is connected to the thermostatic box 10, the inlet chamber 2, the outlet chamber 3, the pressure reversing control module 4, the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water, and the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas. It is used to send various pressure control instructions to the pressure reversing control module 4 under the condition of controlling the thermostatic box 10 to simulate the formation temperature (used when the thermostatic box 10 simulates the formation temperature), so that the pressure reversing control module controls the pump 7 to complete various pressure operations under the simulated formation conditions, controls the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas to work in sequence, collects the inlet pressure of the inlet chamber 2 and the outlet pressure of the outlet chamber 3, and when the pressures of the inlet chamber 2 and the outlet chamber 3 tend to be stable, the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in the dense rock sample.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample may further include: an outlet stop valve 9 connected to the second end of the outlet cavity 3; when the breakthrough pressure is measured under pore pressure and the outlet is a closed system, the controller 8 is specifically used to:
  • the outlet stop valve 9 is controlled to be closed, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is opened.
  • the formation water in the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is injected into the dense rock sample through the inlet chamber 2.
  • the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is closed, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas is opened;
  • the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is taken as the breakthrough pressure of the oil and gas.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample may further include: an outlet stop valve 9 connected to the second end of the outlet cavity 3; when the breakthrough pressure is measured under effective pressure and the outlet is an open system, the controller 8 is specifically used to:
  • the outlet stop valve 9 is controlled to be opened, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is opened.
  • the formation water in the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is injected into the dense rock sample through the inlet chamber 2.
  • the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is closed, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas is opened;
  • the pressure drop curve of the inlet cavity 2 is monitored in real time, and the inflection point pressure of the drop curve is determined by the tangent method as the inlet pressure; wherein the inlet pressure is the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in the dense rock sample.
  • the inlet cavity 2 is a variable volume inlet cavity, including: valve body volume, pipeline volume, insulation short
  • the volume of the node, the volume of the sensor and the volume of the stabilizing chamber are adjusted according to the pore volume of the dense rock sample, so that the volume of the inlet cavity is greater than or equal to the sum of the pore volume of the rock sample and the volume of the outlet cavity.
  • the main purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a solution for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in rocks, so as to solve the problem of measuring the breakthrough pressure of dense rocks and crude oil that is not considered in the prior art.
  • the breakthrough pressure of oil or gas in dense rock samples is measured by the pressure drop method under simulated formation conditions.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining the breakthrough pressure of rock by monitoring the pressure drop at the inlet.
  • the method includes: constructing a stable simulated formation environment, measuring the fluid pressure at the inlet and outlet of the water-containing rock sample respectively; after the fluid pressure at the inlet and outlet of the water-containing rock sample is stabilized, the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet is the breakthrough pressure of the oil and gas injected into the rock sample.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by the pressure drop method includes:
  • the axial pressure and radial confining pressure on the rock sample, the pore pressure of the rock sample and the displacement pressure are all provided by the pump 7, and the pressure switching control module 4 completes the pressure supply, pressure stabilization and pressure release operations under the control of the computer 8.
  • the rock sample temperature, various pressures, resistivity (the resistivity is used in the following steps S102 and S104.
  • the resistivity is used to monitor whether the oil and gas have reached the sample end face and whether the oil and gas have entered the sample, and whether the oil and gas injection and diffusion have reached equilibrium) and other parameters are all completed by the acquisition control circuit in the computer (controller) 8, which automatically analyzes the measurement data and calculates the breakthrough pressure.
  • the sample is installed in the rock sample holder 1, and its axial pressure and confining pressure are provided by the pump 7 through the pressure reversing control module 4.
  • One end of the rock sample holder is connected to the inlet cavity 2, and the other end is connected to the outlet cavity 3.
  • step S103 Adjust the volume of the inlet cavity 2 Vin and the volume of the outlet cavity 3 Vout according to the pore volume of the rock sample.
  • the volume of the inlet cavity 2 Vin and the volume of the outlet cavity 3 Vout are adjusted to prevent fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the inlet and outlet pressures, stabilize the pressure, and facilitate real-time monitoring of pressure changes.
  • step 8 When measuring the breakthrough pressure under pore pressure, close the outlet stop valve 9, and continuously inject the formation water in the water-containing piston intermediate container 5 into the rock sample to make the pressure in the outlet cavity 3 reach the set pressure value. After establishing a stable pore pressure, close the valve of the inlet cavity 2 and the piston intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water, open the inlet cavity 2 and the oil or gas piston intermediate container 6, and slowly increase.
  • This step 8 is not directly related to the above step 7, and steps 7 and 8 are two measurement states respectively.
  • the triggering conditions for executing the above steps 9 and 10 are: 1 when measuring under effective pressure, the execution begins after pressurization; 2 when measuring under pore pressure, the execution needs to be performed after the pore pressure reaches stability.
  • the present application provides a method for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a rock sample, as shown in FIG1 , and the method comprises the following steps:
  • Step S101 determine the measurement conditions of the completely water-containing rock sample, such as temperature, confining pressure and axial pressure applied to the sample.
  • the effective pressure measures the open system at the outlet; the pore pressure measures the closed system at the outlet.
  • the geological conditions simulated by the two are different, and the methods and operating steps for measuring breakthrough pressure are also different.
  • an initial axial pressure and confining pressure are first added at the same time, and then the pore pressure is added, so that the difference between the axial confining pressure and the pore pressure is less than or equal to the effective pressure of the formation, and the pressure is gradually increased to the corresponding design value (preset value) according to the sample burial depth.
  • the controller and the pump system to make timely adjustments, such as pressure supply, pressure stabilization and pressure release operations, to provide a stable measurement pressure.
  • Step S102 in order to ensure that the breakthrough pressure of oil or gas is measured, the oil or gas needs to be between the sample and the probe.
  • the specific method is to use saturated water to displace the sample at a lower pressure Pw after heating and pressurization, discharge the gas during sample installation and heating, and measure the water phase permeability at the same time (two purposes: 1 discharge the gas during the sample installation process to make the sample completely saturated with formation water; 2 refer to the pressure of measuring water phase permeability and select the appropriate inlet pressure Pin ). Then use the double-tube structure on the probe to replace the water in the pipeline with crude oil or gas. If the replacement is incomplete, the starting pressure of water is measured.
  • Step S103 in order to more accurately measure the pressure drop process, it is necessary to design an inlet cavity with a variable volume, as shown in FIG6 , the cavity includes: valve body volume, pipeline volume, insulating nipple volume, sensor volume and regulated chamber volume, the regulated chamber volume needs to be adjusted according to the sample pore volume, so that the inlet cavity volume V in is greater than or equal to the sum of the rock sample pore volume V p and the outlet cavity volume V out .
  • the inlet cavity volume changes according to the sample pore volume, the purpose is to play a role in stabilizing pressure and facilitate detection, which is a measurement technique obtained by the inventor through multiple experiments.
  • Vin ⁇ Pin (Vin + Vp + Vout ) ⁇ Pout +n ⁇ Pw , determine the appropriate inlet cavity volume and test pressure. It is assumed that too high a test pressure will lead to 1 destruction of the pore structure of the rock and 2 prolonged measurement time. If the inlet cavity volume is too small and there is no subsequent fluid pressure supply, the inlet pressure will drop quickly and the pressure drop process cannot be detected.
  • n is an empirical coefficient related to the viscosity of the injected fluid, usually 1-3.
  • Step S104 If the oil and gas breakthrough pressure is measured in an open system at the outlet, only the pressure reduction curve of the inlet cavity needs to be recorded. At this time, for an open system, the outlet is at atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by a relative pressure sensor is "0". If the breakthrough pressure is measured in a closed system at the outlet, the pressure reduction curve of the inlet cavity and the pressure increase curve of the outlet cavity need to be recorded.
  • Step S105 data processing and determination of breakthrough pressure. Since the measured curve is not a smooth curve, filtering and fitting are required. Select a "stable section" before and after the curve, regress each section to a straight line, and then find the intersection of the two straight lines. The pressure value corresponding to the intersection is defined as the pressure threshold of the seepage effect. For the open system at the outlet, this value is the breakthrough pressure; for the closed system at the outlet, the pressure threshold needs to be determined on the inlet pressure reduction curve and the outlet pressure increase curve respectively. The difference between the two is the breakthrough pressure under the closed system.
  • the present application also provides a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of rock oil and gas. As shown in FIG2 , the device may include:
  • the rock sample holder 1 is composed of an autoclave, a pressure cylinder, a probe, a temperature sensor, an electrode system, a rubber sleeve, and a stainless steel high-pressure pipeline. It simulates the formation pressure environment, facilitates the flow of fluid in the rock sample, and monitors the temperature, resistance and other parameters of the rock sample at the same time.
  • the inlet cavity 2 includes a plenum chamber with adjustable volume, a multi-way valve, an insulating nipple, a high-pressure pipeline and a pressure sensor.
  • the volume of the plenum chamber needs to be adjusted according to the pore volume of the rock sample, and its volume determines the injection pressure at the inlet.
  • the outlet cavity 3 includes a valve, an insulating nipple, a high-pressure pipeline and a pressure sensor; the outlet stop valve 9 needs to be opened in an open system, and the outlet stop valve 9 needs to be closed in a closed system.
  • the pressure switching control module 4 includes an air compressor, a solenoid valve, a pneumatic valve, a stainless steel pressure pipeline and a pressure sensor, and completes the functions of pressurizing, regulating and unloading the axial pressure, confining pressure, pore pressure and displacement pressure under the control of the controller.
  • the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is composed of a high-pressure chamber, a piston, a high-pressure pipeline and a plug.
  • the piston serves to isolate the pump from the water and is used to expel bubbles in the sample and measure the water phase permeability.
  • the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas is composed of a high-pressure chamber, a piston, a high-pressure pipeline and a plug, which plays a role in isolating the pump from the oil and gas and provides a corresponding medium for measuring the breakthrough pressure of the oil and gas.
  • the pump 7 can be a double plunger pump; a finished product. It provides a pressure source of up to 140MPa for the entire measurement system. Under the control of the controller, it realizes pressurization, stabilization and pressure relief of axial pressure, confining pressure, pore pressure and displacement pressure.
  • the computer acquisition control system includes a computer, a bridge, a control box (pressure module, resistance, temperature, constant temperature box, pump control circuit board) and special control software, which controls the double-piston pump7, solenoid valve, pneumatic valve and constant temperature box 10, records and monitors parameters such as temperature, pressure, resistivity, etc. in real time, makes adjustments and compensations when the detection conditions change, completes real-time data recording, and performs data analysis and drawing of human-computer interaction.
  • Outlet stop valve 9 It is composed of a high-pressure stop valve, a stainless steel pipeline and a waste liquid cylinder to achieve breakthrough pressure measurement of an open system or a closed system.
  • the thermostatic box 10 includes a heating pipe, a heat preservation layer, a temperature control system, a control panel and a clamp insulation system, and adopts hot air circulation and step-by-step heating.
  • the maximum temperature is 250° C., providing a long-term stable temperature environment for simulating the formation temperature.
  • the embodiment of the present application adopts the above technical solution, and has the following characteristics:
  • breakthrough pressure is clarified: it is the minimum driving pressure of oil and gas in the seepage state.
  • the embodiment of the present application utilizes the flow characteristics such as seepage and diffusion when oil and gas enter the water-bearing rock sample, and determines the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas by monitoring the pressure changes at the inlet and outlet of the rock sample.
  • the measurement time is related to the permeability and length of the rock sample.
  • the present application also provides a controller for a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample in an embodiment, as described in the following embodiment. Since the principle of solving the problem by the controller is similar to that of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample, the implementation of the controller can refer to the implementation of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller of a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the controller includes:
  • the pressure control unit 01 is used to send various pressure control instructions to the pressure switching control module 4 under the condition of controlling the thermostatic box 10 to simulate the formation temperature, so that the pressure switching control module controls the pump 7 to complete various pressure operations under the simulated formation conditions;
  • the displacement control unit 02 is used to control the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas to work in sequence;
  • the breakthrough pressure determination unit 03 is used to collect the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity 2 and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity 3, and the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure after the pressures of the inlet cavity 2 and the outlet cavity 3 tend to be stable is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in the tight rock sample.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by the pressure drop method further includes: an outlet stop valve 9 connected to the second end of the outlet cavity 3; when the breakthrough pressure is measured under pore pressure and the outlet is a closed system:
  • the displacement control unit is specifically used for:
  • the outlet stop valve 9 is controlled to be closed, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is opened.
  • the formation water in the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is injected into the dense rock sample through the inlet chamber 2, and the formation water in the outlet chamber 3 is injected into the dense rock sample.
  • the pressure reaches the set pressure value to establish a stable pore pressure, close the valve in the inlet end chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water, and open the valve in the inlet end chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas;
  • the breakthrough pressure determination unit is specifically used for:
  • the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is taken as the breakthrough pressure of the oil and gas.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method further includes: an outlet stop valve 9 connected to the second end of the outlet cavity 3; when the breakthrough pressure is measured under effective pressure and the outlet is an open system:
  • the displacement control unit is specifically used for:
  • the outlet stop valve 9 is controlled to be opened, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is opened.
  • the formation water in the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is injected into the dense rock sample through the inlet chamber 2.
  • the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 5 filled with saturated water is closed, and the valve in the inlet chamber 2 connected to the piston-type intermediate container 6 filled with oil or gas is opened;
  • the breakthrough pressure determination unit is specifically used for:
  • the pressure drop curve of the inlet cavity 2 is monitored in real time, and the inflection point pressure of the drop curve is determined by the tangent method as the inlet pressure; wherein the inlet pressure is the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in the dense rock sample.
  • the inlet cavity 2 is a variable-volume inlet cavity, including: valve body volume, pipeline volume, insulating nipple volume, sensor volume and pressure-stabilizing chamber volume.
  • the pressure-stabilizing chamber volume is adjusted according to the pore volume of the dense rock sample, so that the volume of the inlet cavity is greater than or equal to the sum of the pore volume of the rock sample and the volume of the outlet cavity.
  • the present application also provides a control method for a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of solving the problem by this method is similar to that of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample, the implementation of this method can refer to the implementation of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • FIG5 is a flow chart of a control method for a device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG5 , the control method includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 Under the condition of controlling the constant temperature box to simulate the formation temperature, various pressure control instructions are sent to the pressure switching control module, so that the pressure switching control module controls the pump to complete various pressure operations under the simulated formation conditions;
  • Step 102 Control the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas to work in sequence;
  • Step 103 collecting the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity, and taking the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure after the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity are both stable as the breakthrough pressure for oil and gas migration in the tight rock sample.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method further includes: an outlet stop valve connected to the second end of the outlet cavity; when the breakthrough pressure is measured under pore pressure and the outlet is a closed system:
  • the outlet stop valve is controlled to be closed, and the valve in the inlet cavity connected to the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water is opened.
  • the formation water in the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water is injected into the dense rock sample through the inlet cavity.
  • the valve in the inlet cavity connected to the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water is closed, and the valve in the inlet cavity connected to the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas is opened;
  • the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity are collected, and the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure after the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity tend to be stable is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in tight rock samples, including:
  • the pressure rising curve of the real-time output cavity monitoring is used to determine the inflection point pressure of the rising curve using the tangent method as the output pressure;
  • the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure is taken as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas.
  • the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by a pressure drop method further comprises: an outlet stop valve connected to the second end of the outlet cavity; when the breakthrough pressure is measured under effective pressure and the outlet is an open system:
  • Controlling the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water and the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas to work in sequence including:
  • the outlet stop valve is controlled to be opened, and the valve in the inlet cavity connected to the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water is opened.
  • the formation water in the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water is injected into the dense rock sample through the inlet cavity.
  • the valve in the inlet cavity connected to the piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water is closed, and the valve in the inlet cavity connected to the piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas is opened;
  • the inlet pressure of the inlet cavity and the outlet pressure of the outlet cavity are collected, and the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure after the pressures of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity tend to be stable is used as the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas migration in tight rock samples, including:
  • the pressure drop curve of the inlet cavity is monitored in real time, and the inflection point pressure of the drop curve is determined by the tangent method as the inlet pressure; wherein the inlet pressure is the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in the dense rock sample.
  • the inlet cavity 2 is a variable-volume inlet cavity, including: valve body volume, pipeline volume, insulating nipple volume, sensor volume and pressure-stabilizing chamber volume.
  • the pressure-stabilizing chamber volume is adjusted according to the pore volume of the dense rock sample, so that the volume of the inlet cavity is greater than or equal to the sum of the pore volume of the rock sample and the volume of the outlet cavity.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the control method of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample using the pressure drop method is implemented.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer
  • the computer program when executed by a processor, implements the control method of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by the pressure drop method.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is executed by a processor, the control method of the device for measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in a dense rock sample by using the pressure drop method is implemented.
  • the device in the scheme of measuring the breakthrough pressure of oil and gas in dense rock samples by the pressure drop method, includes: a constant temperature box simulating the formation temperature; a rock sample holder, which is arranged in the constant temperature box and is used to clamp the dense rock sample; an inlet cavity, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the rock sample holder; an outlet cavity, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the rock sample holder; a piston-type intermediate container filled with saturated water, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the inlet cavity; a piston-type intermediate container filled with oil or gas, the first end of which is connected to the third end of the inlet cavity; a pump, which is used to provide the dense rock sample with various pressures under simulated formation conditions; a pressure reversing control module, which is connected to the pump and is used to control the pump to complete various pressure operations under simulated formation conditions under the control of the controller; the controller, which is connected to the constant temperature box,
  • the inlet chamber simulating the formation
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce a system including an instruction device.
  • the instruction device implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

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Abstract

一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方法及装置，装置包括：恒温箱（10）；岩样夹持器（1），设置在恒温箱（10）中；与岩样夹持器（1）连通的进端腔（2）和出端腔（3）；与进端腔（2）连通的含水中间容器（5）和含油或气的中间容器（6）；泵（7）及与泵（7）连接的压力换向控制模块（4）；控制器（8），用于在控制恒温箱（10）模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块（4）发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块（4）控制泵（7）完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作，控制含水中间容器（5）和含油或气中间容器（6）依次工作，采集进端腔（2）的进端压力和出端腔（3）的出端压力，将进端腔（2）及出端腔（3）的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。

Description

测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方法及装置
相关申请
本申请要求于2022年11月8日递交的申请号为202211391505.6的中国专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及地球(岩石)物理领域技术领域，尤其涉及一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方法及装置。
背景技术
本部分旨在为权利要求书中陈述的本申请实施例提供背景或上下文。此处的描述不因为包括在本部分中就承认是现有技术。
在石油、天然气勘探开发中需要测量盖层或储层岩石中油气突破压力或油气运移的最小启动压力，研究油气成藏条件，为油气勘探提供实验依据。目前主要用毛管压力曲线间接估算油气突破压力。直接测量的方法有：SY/T 5748-2013《岩石气体突破压力测定方法》和专利ZL2017 1 0996335.7“一种测量岩石电阻指示油气突破压力的新方法和装置”。
现有行业标准SY/T 5748-2013《岩石气体突破压力测定方法》规定了用泊肃叶(Poiseuille)公式确定天然气藏盖层岩石样品的突破压力。并不适合原油突破压力的测量，再者在含水的致密岩石中测量天然气和原油的流动是十分困难和费时的事，因为岩石被润湿性流体(水)饱和后，非润湿性流体(原油或气体)必须克服岩石毛管阻力才能排驱润湿性流体。岩石的毛管半径越小，则阻力越大，所需突破压力越高。这种方法受样品长度影响，随着长度的增加观察到气体在饱和样中形成连续流动的时间会增加，而且无法测量原油在含水岩样中的突破压力。用泊肃叶公式测量气体突破压力的条件是在饱和样中形成气体连续层状流动，由于盖层(通常是致密泥岩层)渗透率非常低，气体流动不符合“在水平圆管中作层流运动”的泊肃叶公式假设，导致测量的气体突破压力偏大和平衡时间过长。
一件中国专利(ZL2017 1 0996335.7)是利用油气进入岩石导致的电阻变化来确定油气突破压力。
事实上，油气在地层中的运移和赋存是一个十分漫长的过程(通常以百万年为计量单位)，而现有的观察方法和实验手段是希望在短时间内(以小时或天为单位)得到观测结果。随着 对非常规油气藏的勘探和开发，发现油气在致密岩石中的运移和流动不符合达西定律和泊肃叶公式，基于该理论的测试方法其局限性就显现出来了。
现有行业标准SY/T 5748-2013规定的测定方法存在以下缺陷：
1)对油气突破压力的定义不够严谨，在驱替压力下，长度1厘米样品等待时间为30分钟的依据不足。
2)只能测量气体突破压力，不能测量原油突破压力。
3)只能在有效压力下测量气体的突破压力，不能在模拟地层温度、压力下测量突破压力。
4)只能测量出端为开发系统气体突破压力，不能在出端封闭系统下测量。
在致密的低渗透性样品(水相渗透率小于0.01mD)中油气运移和流动不符合达西定律和泊肃叶公式，导致测量的突破压力明显大于地层实际情况。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置，用以用压降法测量精确地测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力，该装置包括：
模拟地层温度的恒温箱；
岩样夹持器，设置在恒温箱中，用于夹持致密岩样；
进端腔，第一端与岩样夹持器的第一端连通；
出端腔，第一端与岩样夹持器的第二端连通；
装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器，第一端与进端腔的第二端连通；
装有油或气的活塞式中间容器，第一端与进端腔的第三端连通；
泵，用于给致密岩样提供模拟地层条件下的各种压力；
压力换向控制模块，与泵连接，用于在控制器的控制下控制泵(7)完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
控制器，与恒温箱、进端腔、出端腔、压力换向控制模块、装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器和装有油或气的活塞式中间容器连接，用于在控制恒温箱模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作，控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作，采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
本申请实施例还提供一种用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制器，用以用压降法测量精确地测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力，该控制器包括：
压力控制单元，用于在控制恒温箱模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
驱替控制单元，用于控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作；
突破压力确定单元，用于采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力
本申请实施例还提供一种用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法，用以用压降法测量精确地测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力，该控制方法包括：
在控制恒温箱模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作；
采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行计算机程序时实现上述用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法。
本申请实施例中，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方案中，装置包括：模拟地层温度的恒温箱；岩样夹持器，设置在恒温箱中，用于夹持致密岩样；进端腔，第一端与岩样夹持器的第一端连通；出端腔，第一端与岩样夹持器的第二端连通；装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器，第一端与进端腔的第二端连通；装有油或气的活塞式中间容器，第一端与进端腔的第三端连通；泵，用于给致密岩样提供模拟地层条件下的各种压力；压力换向控制模块，与泵连接，用于在控制器的控制下控制泵(7)完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；控制器，与恒温箱、进端腔、出端腔、压力换向控制模块、装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器和装有油或气的活塞式中间容器连接，用于在控制恒温箱模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作，控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作，采集进端腔的 进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力，该方案可以用压降法测量精确地测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的流程示意图。
图2为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的结构示意图。在图2中：1、岩样夹持器；2、进端腔，包括可调体积的稳压室、多通阀、绝缘短节和压力传感器等组成的进端体积；3、出端腔，包括阀、绝缘短节和压力传感器等出端体积；4、压力换向控制模块，包括气动阀、不锈钢压力管线和压力传感器，在计算机控制下完成对轴压、围压、孔压和驱替压力的加压、调压、卸压等功能；5、装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器，用于排驱样品中的气泡、测量水相渗透率；6、装有油或气的活塞式中间容器，提供进入含水岩样的油、气介质，便于测量相应介质的突破压力；7、泵，可以为双柱塞泵，为整个测量系统提供轴压、围压、孔隙压力、驱替压力，在计算机控制下实现压力的可调、稳压、卸压；8、计算机采集控制系统(控制器)，包括计算机、电桥、控制箱(压力模块、电阻、温度、恒温箱、泵的控制电路板)和专用控制软件，实现测量系统自动控制、实时记录和数据分析；9、出端截止阀，有高压截止阀、不锈钢管线和废液缸组成，实现开放或闭合模式的突破压力测量；10、恒温箱，包括加热管、保温层、温控系统和夹持器绝缘系统等组成，为模拟地层温度提供长时间稳定的温度环境。图2中的细线为信号控制线，粗黑线为流体管线。
图3是某样品压降法测量突破压力监测图。在图3中①为进端压力下降曲线，在曲线前后各选了一段，每段回归一条出直线③和④，其延长线交点对应的压力值是渗流作用的压力阈值，图3中为1.54MPa；②是出端压力上升曲线，同样确定绘出直线⑤和⑥，其延长线交点就是出端压力阈值，图中为0.148MPa，两个压力之差为1.392MPa就是该样品在闭合系统下的油突破压力。
图4为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制器的结构示意图。
图5为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法的流 程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中体积可变的进端腔的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本申请实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，但并不作为对本申请的限定。
发明人在模拟地层条件的油气运移、驱替实验中观察到：在驱动压力作用下，油气运移方式不仅有渗流，还有扩散、吸附、置换和互溶，渗流阶段的压降较快；扩散阶段的压降较慢，定义其拐点就是区分两个阶段流体的依据。渗流是短时间内观察油气运移的主要方式，当作用在油气端的压力大于某个阈值时开始进入含水岩石，如果这个压力没有连续能量补充会逐渐下降，并趋于稳定，最终接近岩石含水毛管压力，这个阈值就是油、气渗流运移的最小突破压力(启动压力)。根据这一现象，提出了一种测量岩石样品中油气运移最小突破压力的方案，研制了模拟地层条件下，用压降法测量油、气突破压力的实验装置，提出了在压降曲线上用切线法确定压力拐点的方法。通过实验验证了这种方法的可行性和稳定性，不管是在气驱还是油驱过程中，只要测量时间足够长，就能准确测量油、气的突破压力。当油气运移压力略大于突破压力，油气就能持续运移到岩石孔隙空间中，在自然界中这个过程十分缓慢(几十万年到几百万年)。
这种压降法得到的突破压力只与样品孔隙结构、流体性质和进端压力有关，而与样品长度无关，所以不需要引入压力梯度的概念。本申请实施例提出了一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方案，该方案为一种测量岩石样品中油气运移最小突破压力的方案，该方案适用于各类储层的油、气运移中最小突破压力的测定。下面对该测量岩石样品中油气运移最小突破压力的方案进行详细介绍。
图2为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的结构示意图，如图2所示，该装置包括：
模拟地层温度的恒温箱10；
岩样夹持器1，设置在恒温箱10中，用于夹持致密岩样；
进端腔2，第一端与岩样夹持器1的第一端连通；
出端腔3，第一端与岩样夹持器1的第二端连通；
装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5，第一端与进端腔2的第二端连通；
装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6，第一端与进端腔2的第三端连通；
泵7，用于给致密岩样提供模拟地层条件下的各种压力；
压力换向控制模块4，与泵7连接，用于在控制器8的控制下控制泵7完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
控制器8，与恒温箱10、进端腔2、出端腔3、压力换向控制模块4、装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5和装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6连接，用于在控制恒温箱10模拟地层温度条件下(用于当恒温箱10模拟地层温度时)，给压力换向控制模块4发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵7完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作，控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6依次工作，采集进端腔2的进端压力和出端腔3的出端压力，当进端腔2及出端腔3的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
在一个实施例中，上述测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还可以包括：出端截止阀9，与出端腔3的第二端连接；在孔隙压力下测量突破压力、出端是封闭系统时，控制器8具体用于：
控制关闭出端截止阀9，开启进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5中的地层水通过进端腔2注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔3中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，开启进端腔2中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6连通的阀；
实时监测进端腔2的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；
实时监测出端腔3的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力；
在进端腔2及出端腔3的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力与出端压力的差值作为油、气的突破压力。
在一个实施例中，上述测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还可以包括：出端截止阀9，与出端腔3的第二端连接；在有效压力下测量突破压力、出端是开放系统时，控制器8具体用于：
控制开启出端截止阀9，开启进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5中的地层水通过进端腔2注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔3中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，开启进端腔2中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6连通的阀；
实时监测进端腔2的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；其中，进端压力为致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
在一个实施例中，进端腔2为体积可变的进端腔，包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短 节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积根据致密岩样的孔隙体积调整，使得进端腔的体积大于或等于岩样孔隙体积与出端腔的体积之和。
为了便于理解本申请如何实施，下面结合图1至图3进行详细介绍。
本申请实施例的主要目的在于提供一种岩石油气突破压力的测量方案，以解决现有技术没有考虑到的致密岩石和原油突破压力的测量问题。其在模拟地层条件下，用压降法测量致密岩样中油或气的突破压力。
本申请实施例提供了一种利用监测进端压力降的方法确定岩石突破压力方法。该方法包括：构建一个稳定的模拟地层环境，分别测量含水岩石样品进、出端流体压力；等待含水岩石样品进、出端流体压力都趋于稳定后，进出端的压力差就是油气注入石样的突破压力。如图2所示，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置包括：
1、模拟地层压力的岩样夹持器1，模拟地层温度的恒温箱10。
2、岩样上的轴向压力和径向围压、岩样的孔隙压力以及驱替压力均有泵7提供，由压力换向控制模块4在计算机8控制下完成供压、稳压和放压等操作。
3、岩样温度、各种压力、电阻率(该电阻率在下面步骤S102、S104中用到，电阻率用于监测油气是否到达样品端面和确定油气是否进入样品、以及油气注入、扩散是否达到平衡)等参数均有计算机(控制器)8中的采集控制电路完成，自动分析测量数据，计算突破压力。
4、样品安装在岩样夹持器1中，其轴压和围压由泵7通过压力换向控制模块4提供，岩样夹持器的一端与进端腔2连接，另一端与出端腔3连接。
5、根据岩样孔隙体积调整进端腔2体积Vin和出端腔3体积Vout。在下面步骤S103中会调整进端腔2体积Vin和出端腔3体积Vout，其目的是防止进、出端压力突变引起的波动，起到稳压的同时便于实时监测压力变化。
6、进端的油或气通过活塞式中间容器6和进端腔(多通阀)2进入夹持器中1的岩样。
7、在有效压力(有效压力是指地层上覆压力与地层流体压力之差，在实验室条件下就是指围压与孔隙压力之差)下测量突破压力时，测量前打开出端截止阀9，开始测量时关闭9。
8、在孔隙压力下测量突破压力时，关闭出端截止阀9，含水活塞式中间容器5中的地层水不断注入到岩样中，使出端腔3中的压力达到设置的压力值，建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5的阀，开启进端腔2中与含油或气活塞式中间容器6，缓慢增加。该步骤8与上面步骤7没有直接关系，步骤7和步骤8分别是两个测量状态。
9、实时监测进端腔2的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力Pin。
10、实时监测出端腔3的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力Pout，Pin与Pout的差值就是油、气的突破压力Pb。
具体实施时，上述步骤9和步骤10执行的触发条件是：①当在有效压力下测量时，在加压后就开始执行；②在孔隙压力下测量，就需要孔隙压力达到稳定后执行。
实施例一
本申请实施例提供了一种岩样油、气突破压力的测量方法，如图1所示，该方法包括步骤如下：
步骤S101，确定完全含水岩石样品的测量条件，如温度，施加于样品的围压、轴压。有效压力测量的是出端开放系统；在孔隙压力下测量的是出端封闭系统，两者模拟的地质情况不同，测量突破压力的方法和操作步骤也不同。在该步骤S101中，先同时加一个初始的轴压和围压，再加孔隙压力，使轴围压与孔隙压力之差小于等于地层有效压力，根据样品埋深逐步同时加压到相应的设计值(预设值)。在该步骤实施过程中，如果轴围压出现波动，需要由控制器和泵系统及时进行调整，例如进行供压、稳压和放压等操作，以提供稳定的测量压力。
步骤S102，为了确保测量的是油或气的突破压力，需要使油或处于样品与探头之间。具体做法是，在加温、加压后，用饱和水在较低压力Pw下驱替样品，排出样品安装、加温中的气体，同时测量水相渗透率(两个目的：①排出样品安装过程中的气体，使样品完全饱和地层水；②参考测水相渗透率的压力，选择合适的进端压力Pin)。再利用探头上的双管结构，把管线中的水，用原油或气体替换掉。如果替换不完全，测量的就是水的启动压力。
步骤S103，为了更精确测量压力下降过程，需要设计一个体积可变的进端腔，如图6所示，该腔体包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积需要根据样品孔隙体积调整，使进端腔体体积Vin大于或等于岩样孔隙体积Vp与出端腔体体积Vout之和。该进端腔体体积是根据样品孔隙体积变化的，目的是起到稳压作用和便于检测，是发明人通过多次实验获取的测量技巧。
根据如下公式Vin×Pin＝(Vin+Vp+Vout)×Pout+n×Pw，确定合适的进端腔体体积和测试压力，假设测试压力过高会导致①破坏岩石的孔隙结构②延长测量时间；如果进端腔体体积太小，没有后续流体的供压，会导致进端压降很快，无法检测压降过程，n是与注入流体粘度有关的经验系数，通常为1-3。
步骤S104，如果是在出端开放系统下测量油、气突破压力，只需记录进端腔体的降压曲线，此时，对开放系统而言，出端是大气压，如果用相对压力传感器测量的压力就是“0”。如果是在出端闭合系统下测量突破压力，需要记录进端腔体的降压曲线和出端腔体的升压曲线。
步骤S105，数据处理和突破压力的确定。由于实测曲线不是光滑曲线，需要进行滤波和拟合。在曲线前后各选择一段“平稳段”，每段回归出一条直线，然后求两条直线的交点，定义该交点对应的压力值是渗流作用的压力阈值，对于出端开放系统该值就是突破压力；对出端闭合系统需要在进端降压曲线和出端升压曲线上分别确定压力阈值，两者之差就是闭合系统下的突破压力。
实施例二
本申请实施例还提供了一种岩石油气突破压力的测量装置。如图2所示，该装置可以包括：
岩样夹持器1，由高压釜、加压缸、探头、温度传感器、电极系、胶套、不锈钢高压管线组成。模拟地层压力环境、便于流体在岩样中的流动，同时监测岩样的温度、电阻等参数。
进端腔2，包括可调体积的稳压室、多通阀、绝缘短节、高压管线和压力传感器。需要根据岩样孔隙体积调节稳压室体积，其体积决定了进端注入压力的大小。
出端腔3，包括阀、绝缘短节、高压管线和压力传感器；在开放系统下需打开出端截止阀9、在封闭系统下需关闭出端截止阀9。
压力换向控制模块4，包括空压机、电磁阀、气动阀、不锈钢压力管线和压力传感器，在控制器的控制下完成对轴压、围压、孔压和驱替压力的加压、调压、卸压等功能。
装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5，由高压腔、活塞、高压管线和堵头组成，活塞起到泵与水的隔离作用。用于排驱样品中的气泡、测量水相渗透率。
装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6，由高压腔、活塞、高压管线和堵头组成，起到泵与油、气的隔离作用。为测量油、气突破压力提供相应的介质。
泵7，可以为双柱塞泵；成品件。为整个测量系统提供最高可达140MPa的压力源。在控制器的控制下实现轴压、围压、孔隙压力、驱替压力的加压、稳压、卸压。
计算机采集控制系统(控制器8)，包括计算机、电桥、控制箱(压力模块、电阻、温度、恒温箱、泵的控制电路板)和专用控制软件，控制双柱塞泵⑦、电磁阀、气动阀和恒温箱10，实时记录和监测温度、压力、电阻率等参数，当检测条件变化时进行调整和补偿，完成数据的实时记录，同时进行人机交互的数据分析和绘图。
出端截止阀9：由高压截止阀、不锈钢管线和废液缸组成，实现开放系统或封闭系统的突破压力测量。
恒温箱10，包括加热管、保温层、温控系统、控制面板和夹持器绝缘系统等组成，采用热风循环，阶梯式加温。最高温度250℃。为模拟地层温度提供长时间稳定的温度环境。
本申请实施例由于采取以上技术方案，具有以下特点：
1)明确了突破压力的定义：就是测量油、气在渗流状态下的最小驱动压力。
2)本申请实施例利用油气进入含水岩样过程中存在渗流和扩散等流动特性，通过监测岩样进、出端的压力变化确定油、气的突破压力。避免了泊肃叶法只能测量气体突破压力的局限，“在水平圆管中作层流运动”的泊肃叶公式假设其测量精度远大于实际流动特性的测量精度。
3)由于岩石是粘弹介质，所以不同的测量条件下获得的突破压力不同。能在模拟地层温度、上覆地层压力、侧向压力和孔隙压力下测量油、气运移的突破压力，使测量值更符合地层实际情况。
4)测量过程可控、结果直观、可靠。
5)观察到油气启动和运移过程中压力的微小变化，用实验方法证实了启动压力高于运移压力的理论假设。
6)测量时间与岩样渗透率和长度有关。
本申请实施例中还提供了一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制器，如下面的实施例所述。由于该控制器解决问题的原理与测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置相似，因此该控制器的实施可以参见测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
图4为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制器的结构示意图，如图4所示，该控制器包括：
压力控制单元01，用于在控制恒温箱10模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块4发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵7完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
驱替控制单元02，用于控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6依次工作；
突破压力确定单元03，用于采集进端腔2的进端压力和出端腔3的出端压力，将进端腔2及出端腔3的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
在一个实施例中，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀9，与出端腔3的第二端连接；在孔隙压力下测量突破压力、出端是封闭系统时：
驱替控制单元具体用于；
控制关闭出端截止阀9，开启进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5中的地层水通过进端腔2注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔3中 的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，开启进端腔2中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6连通的阀；
突破压力确定单元具体用于：
实时监测进端腔2的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；
实时出端腔监测3的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力；
在进端腔2及出端腔3的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力与出端压力的差值作为油、气的突破压力。
在一个实施例中，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀9，与出端腔3的第二端连接；在有效压力下测量突破压力、出端是开放系统时：
驱替控制单元具体用于：
控制开启出端截止阀9，开启进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5中的地层水通过进端腔2注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔3中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔2中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器5连通的阀，开启进端腔2中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器6连通的阀；
突破压力确定单元具体用于：
实时监测进端腔2的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；其中，进端压力为致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
在一个实施例中，进端腔2为体积可变的进端腔，包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积根据致密岩样的孔隙体积调整，使得进端腔的体积大于或等于岩样孔隙体积与出端腔的体积之和。
本申请实施例中还提供了一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法，如下面的实施例所述。由于该方法解决问题的原理与测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置相似，因此该方法的实施可以参见测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
图5为本申请实施例中用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法的流程示意图，如图5所示，该控制方法包括如下步骤：
步骤101：在控制恒温箱模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
步骤102：控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作；
步骤103：采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
在一个实施例中，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀，与出端腔的第二端连接；在孔隙压力下测量突破压力、出端是封闭系统时：
控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作，包括；
控制关闭出端截止阀，开启进端腔中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器中的地层水通过进端腔注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器连通的阀，开启进端腔中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器连通的阀；
采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力，包括：
实时监测进端腔的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；
实时出端腔监测的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力；
在进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力与出端压力的差值作为油、气的突破压力。
在一个实施例中，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀，与出端腔的第二端连接；在有效压力下测量突破压力、出端是开放系统时：
控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作，包括：
控制开启出端截止阀，开启进端腔中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器中的地层水通过进端腔注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器连通的阀，开启进端腔中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器连通的阀；
采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力，包括：
实时监测进端腔的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；其中，进端压力为致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
在一个实施例中，进端腔2为体积可变的进端腔，包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积根据致密岩样的孔隙体积调整，使得进端腔的体积大于或等于岩样孔隙体积与出端腔的体积之和。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机 程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法。
本申请实施例中，用压降法测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的方案中，装置包括：模拟地层温度的恒温箱；岩样夹持器，设置在恒温箱中，用于夹持致密岩样；进端腔，第一端与岩样夹持器的第一端连通；出端腔，第一端与岩样夹持器的第二端连通；装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器，第一端与进端腔的第二端连通；装有油或气的活塞式中间容器，第一端与进端腔的第三端连通；泵，用于给致密岩样提供模拟地层条件下的各种压力；压力换向控制模块，与泵连接，用于在控制器的控制下控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；控制器，与恒温箱、进端腔、出端腔、压力换向控制模块、装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器和装有油或气的活塞式中间容器连接，用于在控制恒温箱模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作，控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器依次工作，采集进端腔的进端压力和出端腔的出端压力，将进端腔及出端腔的压力都趋于稳定后进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力，该方案可以用压降法测量精确地测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制 造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本申请的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本申请的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本申请的保护范围，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    模拟地层温度的恒温箱(10)；
    岩样夹持器(1)，设置在所述恒温箱(10)中，用于夹持致密岩样；
    进端腔(2)，第一端与岩样夹持器(1)的第一端连通；
    出端腔(3)，第一端与岩样夹持器(1)的第二端连通；
    装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)，第一端与进端腔(2)的第二端连通；
    装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)，第一端与进端腔(2)的第三端连通；
    泵(7)，用于给所述致密岩样提供模拟地层条件下的各种压力；
    压力换向控制模块(4)，与所述泵(7)连接，用于在控制器(8)的控制下控制泵(7)完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
    控制器(8)，与所述恒温箱(10)、进端腔(2)、出端腔(3)、压力换向控制模块(4)、装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)和装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连接，用于在控制恒温箱(10)模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块(4)发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵(7)完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作，控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)依次工作，采集进端腔(2)的进端压力和出端腔(3)的出端压力，将进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后所述进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置，其特征在于，还包括：出端截止阀(9)，与所述出端腔(3)的第二端连接；在孔隙压力下测量突破压力、出端是封闭系统时，所述控制器(8)具体用于：
    控制关闭出端截止阀(9)，开启进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)中的地层水通过进端腔(2)注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔(3)中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，开启进端腔(2)中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连通的阀；
    实时监测进端腔(2)的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；
    实时出端腔监测(3)的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力；
    在进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力与出端压力的差值作为油、气的突破压力。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置，其特征在于，还包括：出端截止阀(9)，与所述出端腔(3)的第二端连接；在有效压力下测量突破压力、出端是开放系统时，所述控制器(8)具体用于：
    控制开启出端截止阀(9)，开启进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)中的地层水通过进端腔(2)注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔(3)中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，开启进端腔(2)中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连通的阀；
    实时监测进端腔(2)的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；其中，进端压力为致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置，其特征在于，进端腔(2)为体积可变的进端腔，包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积根据致密岩样的孔隙体积调整，使得进端腔的体积大于或等于岩样孔隙体积与出端腔的体积之和。
  5. 一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制器，其特征在于，包括：
    压力控制单元，用于在控制恒温箱(10)模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块(4)发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵(7)完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
    驱替控制单元，用于控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)依次工作；
    突破压力确定单元，用于采集进端腔(2)的进端压力和出端腔(3)的出端压力，将进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后所述进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀(9)，与所述出端腔(3)的第二端连接；在孔隙压力下测量突破压力、出端是封闭系统时：
    所述驱替控制单元具体用于；
    控制关闭出端截止阀(9)，开启进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)中的地层水通过进端腔(2)注入到致密岩样中， 在出端腔(3)中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，开启进端腔(2)中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连通的阀；
    所述突破压力确定单元具体用于：
    实时监测进端腔(2)的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；
    实时出端腔监测(3)的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力；
    在进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力与出端压力的差值作为油、气的突破压力。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀(9)，与所述出端腔(3)的第二端连接；在有效压力下测量突破压力、出端是开放系统时：
    所述驱替控制单元具体用于：
    控制开启出端截止阀(9)，开启进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)中的地层水通过进端腔(2)注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔(3)中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，开启进端腔(2)中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连通的阀；
    所述突破压力确定单元具体用于：
    实时监测进端腔(2)的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；其中，进端压力为致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的控制器，其特征在于，进端腔(2)为体积可变的进端腔，包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积根据致密岩样的孔隙体积调整，使得进端腔的体积大于或等于岩样孔隙体积与出端腔的体积之和。
  9. 一种测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在控制恒温箱(10)模拟地层温度条件下，给压力换向控制模块(4)发送各种压力控制指令，使得压力换向控制模块控制泵(7)完成模拟地层条件下的各种压力操作；
    控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)依次工作；
    采集进端腔(2)的进端压力和出端腔(3)的出端压力，将进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后所述进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀(9)，与所述出端腔(3)的第二端连接；在孔隙压力下测量突破压力、出端是封闭系统时：
    控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)依次工作，包括；
    控制关闭出端截止阀(9)，开启进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)中的地层水通过进端腔(2)注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔(3)中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，开启进端腔(2)中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连通的阀；
    采集进端腔(2)的进端压力和出端腔(3)的出端压力，将进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后所述进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力，包括：
    实时监测进端腔(2)的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；
    实时出端腔监测(3)的压力上升曲线，用切线法确定上升曲线的拐点压力，作为出端压力；
    在进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后，将进端压力与出端压力的差值作为油、气的突破压力。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述的测量致密岩样中油、气突破压力的装置还包括：出端截止阀(9)，与所述出端腔(3)的第二端连接；在有效压力下测量突破压力、出端是开放系统时：
    控制装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)及装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)依次工作，包括：
    控制开启出端截止阀(9)，开启进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)中的地层水通过进端腔(2)注入到致密岩样中，在出端腔(3)中的压力达到设置的压力值建立稳定的孔隙压力后，关闭进端腔(2)中与装有饱和水的活塞式中间容器(5)连通的阀，开启进端腔(2)中与装有油或气的活塞式中间容器(6)连通的阀；
    采集进端腔(2)的进端压力和出端腔(3)的出端压力，将进端腔(2)及出端腔(3)的压力都趋于稳定后所述进端压力和出端压力之差作为致密岩样中油、气运移的突破压力， 包括：
    实时监测进端腔(2)的压力下降曲线，用切线法确定下降曲线的拐点压力，作为进端压力；其中，进端压力为致密岩样中油、气突破压力。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，进端腔(2)为体积可变的进端腔，包括：阀体体积、管线体积、绝缘短节体积、传感器体积和稳压室体积，稳压室体积根据致密岩样的孔隙体积调整，使得进端腔的体积大于或等于岩样孔隙体积与出端腔的体积之和。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：根据Vin×Pin＝(Vin+Vp+Vout)×Pout+n×Pw确定进端腔(2)的体积；其中：Vin为进端腔的体积，Pin为进端压力，Vp为岩样孔隙体积，Vout为出端腔的体积，Pout为出端压力，Pw为驱替压力，n为与注入流体粘度有关的经验系数。
  14. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求9至13任一所述方法。
  15. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求9至13任一所述方法。
  16. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求9至13任一所述方法。
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