WO2024096910A1 - Équipement de protection de cisaillement mis en œuvre par plateforme de test d'impact - Google Patents

Équipement de protection de cisaillement mis en œuvre par plateforme de test d'impact Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024096910A1
WO2024096910A1 PCT/US2022/079331 US2022079331W WO2024096910A1 WO 2024096910 A1 WO2024096910 A1 WO 2024096910A1 US 2022079331 W US2022079331 W US 2022079331W WO 2024096910 A1 WO2024096910 A1 WO 2024096910A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
headform
helmet
target
outer layer
impact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/079331
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ram Gurumoorthy
Robert T. Knight
Original Assignee
Brainguard Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brainguard Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Brainguard Technologies, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2022/079331 priority Critical patent/WO2024096910A1/fr
Publication of WO2024096910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024096910A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
    • A42B3/062—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means
    • A42B3/063—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures
    • A42B3/064—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures with relative movement between layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
    • A42B3/0433—Detecting, signalling or lighting devices
    • A42B3/046—Means for detecting hazards or accidents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08—Shock-testing

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to biomechanics aware protective gear and, more specifically, to biomechanics aware protective gear tuned to reduce injury based on test data acquired during testing via a protective gear testing platform.
  • Protective gear such as sports and safety helmets are designed to reduce direct impact forces that can mechanically damage an area of contact.
  • Protective gear will typically include padding and a protective shell to reduce the risk of physical head injury.
  • Liners are provided beneath a hardened exterior shell to reduce violent deceleration of the head in a smooth uniform manner and in an extremely short distance, as liner thickness is typically limited based on helmet size considerations.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates types of forces on axonal fibers in the brain.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one example of a container device system.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates one example of a multiple layer system.
  • FIGs. 4a and 4b illustrate one example of a multiple layer helmet.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates one example of a protective gear testing platform.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another view of an example of a protective gear testing platform.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates yet another view of an example of a protective gear testing platform.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for tuning elastomeric members in a multiple layer helmet.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of one example of a data processing system that can be used with various embodiments.
  • Various techniques and mechanisms of the present invention will sometimes be described in singular form for clarity. However, it should be noted that some embodiments include multiple iterations of a technique or multiple instantiations of a mechanism unless noted otherwise.
  • a protective device may use a single strap in a variety of contexts. However, it will be appreciated that a system can use multiple straps while remaining within the scope of the present invention unless otherwise noted.
  • the techniques and mechanisms of the present invention will sometimes describe a connection between two entities. It should be noted that a connection between two entities does not necessarily mean a direct, unimpeded connection, as a variety of other entities may reside between the two entities. For example, different layers may be connected using a variety of materials. Consequently, a connection does not necessarily mean a direct, unimpeded connection unless otherwise noted. [0016] Overview
  • Various embodiments disclosed herein provide mechanisms for tuning elastomeric members in a multilayer helmet (or other protective gear) based on data obtained from impact testing using an impact test platform. More specifically, a multilayer helmet (or other protective gear) is tested and assessed to determine its ability to protect against impact and penetrative forces, as well as rotational and shear forces. The tests and assessments are performed using testing systems and devices, also referred to herein as test platforms.
  • a test platform includes a headform mounted to a pendulum.
  • the pendulum and headform may include various sensors coupled to sensing circuitry that monitor and measure forces experienced by the headform, especially during an impact event.
  • a headform while mounted on a pendulum, may be swung at a target, which may be another headform, another object, a surface, etc.
  • a helmet may be mounted on the headform, and measurements may be taken as the headform swings into and impacts the target. As will be discussed in greater detail below, such measurements may be used to assess the ability of the helmet to protect against the above-described forces. Moreover, these measurements may be used to tune or otherwise adjust elastomeric members within a multilayer helmet (or other protective gear) during sequential test trials to achieve a design for the multilayer helmet that provides a desired level of protection against potential head injuries for a wearer.
  • Protective gear such as knee pads, shoulder pads, and helmets are typically designed to prevent direct impact injuries or trauma.
  • many pieces of protective gear reduce full impact forces that can structurally damage an area of contact such as the skull or knee.
  • Major emphasis is placed on reducing the likelihood of cracking or breaking of bone.
  • a significant issue that is often overlooked lies in preventing tissue and neurological damage caused by rotational forces, shear forces, oscillations, and tension/ compression forces.
  • Traumatic brain injury has immense personal, societal and economic impact.
  • the Center for Disease Control and Prevention documented 1.4 million cases of TBI in the USA in 2007. This number was based on patients with a loss of consciousness from a TBI resulting in an Emergency Room visit. With increasing public awareness of TBI this number increased to 1.7 million cases in 2010. Of these cases there were 52,000 deaths and 275,000 hospitalizations, with the remaining 1.35 million cases released from the ER. Of these 1.35 million discharged cases at least 150,000 people will have significant residual cognitive and behavioral problems at 1- year post discharge from the ER. Notably, the CDC believes these numbers underrepresent the problem because many patients do not seek medical evaluation for brief loss of consciousness due to a TBI.
  • the CDC numbers do not include head injuries from military actions. Traumatic brain injury is widely cited as the “signature injury” of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The nature of warfare conducted in Iraq and Afghanistan is different from that of previous wars and advances in protective gear including helmets as well as improved medical response times allow soldiers to survive events such as head wounds and blast exposures that previously would have proven fatal.
  • the introduction of the Kevlar helmet has drastically reduced field deaths from bullet and shrapnel wounds to the head. However, this increase in survival is paralleled by a dramatic increase in residual brain injury from compression and rotational forces to the brain in TBI survivors.
  • CTE Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
  • the human brain is a relatively delicate organ weighing about 3 pounds and having a consistency a little denser than gelatin and close to that of the liver. From an evolutionary perspective, the brain and the protective skull were not designed to withstand significant external forces. Because of this poor impact resistance design, external forces transmitted through the skull to the brain that is composed of over 100 billion cells and up to a trillion connecting fibers results in major neurological problems. These injuries include contusions that directly destroy brain cells and tear the critical connecting fibers necessary to transmit information between brain cells.
  • Contusion injuries are simply bleeding into the substance of the brain due to direct contact between the brain and the bony ridges of the inside of the skull. Unfortunately, the brain cannot tolerate blood products and the presence of blood kicks off a biological cascade that further damages the brain. Contusions are due to the brain oscillating inside the skull when an external force is applied. These oscillations can include up to three cycles back and forth in the cranial vault and are referred to as coup-contra coup injuries. The coup part of the process is the point of contact of the brain with the skull and the contra-coup is the next point of contact when the brain oscillates and strikes the opposite part of the inside of the skull.
  • the inside of the skull has a series of sharp bony ridges in the front of the skull and when the brain is banged against these ridges it is mechanically tom resulting in a contusion. These contusion injuries are typically in the front of the brain damaging key regions involved in cognitive and emotional control.
  • Shear injuries involve tearing of axonal fibers.
  • the brain and its axonal fibers are extremely sensitive to rotational forces. Boxers can withstand hundreds of punches directly in the face but a single round-house punch or upper cut where the force comes in from the side or bottom of the jaw will cause acute rotation of the skull and brain and typically a knock-out. If the rotational forces are severe enough, the result is tearing of axons.
  • protective devices and gear may be implemented to reduce and prevent the above-described injuries.
  • various systems, devices, and methods may be implemented to test the efficacy of such protective devices.
  • the efficacy of such protective devices may be analyzed and compared in the context of different types of impacts with various types of objects and/or surfaces, and the design of the protective devices can be adjusted to achieve the desired efficacy.
  • FIG. 1 shown are illustrations representing different types of forces that can be applied to axonal fibers and how these different forces affect axons. Compression 101 and tension 103 can remove the protective coating on an axon referred to as a myelin sheath.
  • the myelin can be viewed as a rubber coating on a wire. If the internal wire of the axon is not cut the myelin can re-grow and re-coat the “wire” which can resume axonal function and brain communication. If rotational forces are significant, shear forces 105 can tear the axon. This is problematic because the ends of cut axons do not re-attach. This results in a permanent neurological deficit and is referred to as diffuse axonal injury (DAI), a major cause of long-term neurological disability after TBI.
  • DAI diffuse axonal injury
  • Some modem pieces of protective gear have been introduced with the awareness that significant injuries besides musculoskeletal or flesh injuries in a variety of activities require new protective gear designs.
  • Some of the protective gear mechanisms are not sufficiently biomechanically aware and are not sufficiently customized for particular areas of protection. These protective gear mechanisms also are not sufficiently active at the right time scales to avoid damage. For example, in many instances, materials like gels may only start to convert significant energy into heat after significant energy has been transferred to the brain. Similarly, structural deformation mechanisms may only break and absorb energy after a significant amount of energy has been transferred to the brain.
  • a container device system may be implemented as protective gear, such as a helmet.
  • the container device system 200 includes multiple container devices 201 and 203.
  • the multiple container devices are loosely interconnected shells holding an energy and impact transformer 205.
  • the container devices 201 and 203 may be connected only through the energy and impact transformer 205.
  • the container devices 201 and 203 may be loosely connected in a manner supplementing the connection by the energy and impact transformer 205.
  • the container devices 201 and 203 provide structure to allow use of an energy and impact transformer 205.
  • the container mechanism may include two or more shells such as container device 201 and container device 203 holding one or more layers of energy and impact transformer 205 materials.
  • a multiple layer structure may have energy and impact transformer materials between adjacent shell layers.
  • the shells may be designed to prevent direct penetration from any intruding or impeding object.
  • an outer shell may be associated with mechanisms for impact distribution, energy transformation, force dampening, and shear deflection and transformation.
  • the container mechanism can be constructed of materials such as polycarbonate, fiberglass, Kevlar, metal, alloys, combinations of materials, etc.
  • the energy and impact transformer 205 provides a mechanism for the dissipation, transformation, absorption, and redirection of force and energy at appropriate time scales.
  • the energy and impact transformer may include a variety of elements.
  • a mechanical transformer element connects multiple shells, such as container device 201 and container device 203, with mechanical structures that help transform the impact or shear forces on an outer shell into more benign forces or energy instead of transferring the impact or shear forces onto an inner shell.
  • the mechanical structures may include one or more elastomeric members that allow the shells to slide relative to each other when a rotational or other force is applied to the outer shell.
  • the one or more elastomeric members are tuned using data obtained from testing the container device system 200 using a protective gear testing platform, as described in further detail below.
  • a protective gear testing platform as described in further detail below.
  • the present example describes using a mechanical transformer layer between two shells, it should be recognized that some implementations may also include additional shells and a mechanical transformer layer may be provided between each pair of adjacent shells.
  • the energy and impact transformer 205 may use a mechanical structure such as shear truss-like structure connecting an outer shell such as container 201 and an inner shell such as container 203 to dampen any force or impact.
  • the energy and impact transformer 205 allows the container 201 to move or slide with respect to container 203. In some examples, up to several centimeters of relative movement is allowed by the energy and impact transformer 205.
  • shear truss structure layers connect an outer shell to a middle shell and the middle shell to an inner shell. According to various embodiments, the middle shell or center shell may slide relative to the inner shell and reduce the movement and/or impact imparted on an outer shell.
  • the outer shell may slide up to several centimeters relative to the middle shell.
  • the energy and impact transformer 205 could be a material that absorbs/dissipates mechanical energy as thermal energy or transformational energy and may include electro-rheological, magneto-rheological, foam, fluid, and/or gel materials.
  • a multiple layer system may be used in protective gear, such as a helmet.
  • the multiple layer system 300 includes outer layer 301 and inner layer 303.
  • outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 are connected to each other by elastomeric members 315.
  • the elastomeric members 315 residing between layers 301 and 303 may allow outer layer 301 to move and/or slide with respect to inner layer 303.
  • outer layer when a force is applied to an outer layer 301, outer layer can rotate or slide such that elastomeric members 315 can deform and/or extend relative to inner layer 303.
  • outer layer 301 is moving leftwards relative to inner layer 303 and elastomeric members 315 are extending to absorb the leftward shear force and reduce forces transferred to inner layer 303.
  • shear forces can be significantly reduced. Consequently, shear forces transferred from the inner layer 303 to a wearer can also be significantly reduced.
  • the elastomeric members can connect outer layer 301 and 303 in various ways.
  • the elastomeric elements can extend through each of the outer and inner layers, such as through holes in each of the layers.
  • the elastomeric elements can be secured in place by fasteners or shapes molded to hold the elements in place when pushed through the holes. An example of this type of implementation is described below with regard to FIG. 4a.
  • the elastomeric elements may be fused or otherwise attached to a surface of each of the layers.
  • the elastomeric elements may be integrated into the materials of outer and inner layer 303.
  • outer layer 301 includes a hard shell and a liner layer
  • inner layer 303 includes a shell and a liner layer
  • the liner layers may be combined into one formation that is separated by the inner layer shell.
  • This inner layer shell can be designed to slide into place between the liner layers, and in some implementations, it may be glued or otherwise attached to the liner layer adjacent to it.
  • the elastomeric members 315 are designed to have a particular elastic range within which the elastomeric members 315 will return to the same structure after a force is applied and removed.
  • the elastomeric elements 315 may also be designed to have a particular plastic range where the elastomeric members 315 will permanently deform if sufficient rotational or shear force is applied. The plastic deformation itself may dissipate energy during a particularly strong impact or other force in order to protect the wearer, but would necessitate replacement or repair of the protective gear after such deformation and damage.
  • a helmet or other protective gear can be designed to reduce ordinary forces and extraordinary forces by selecting elastomeric members 315 that allow the helmet or other protective gear to withstand ordinary forces by elastic deformation of the elastomeric elements and extraordinary forces by plastic deformation of the elastomeric elements. If the elastomeric members 315 are chosen according to this criteria, the helmet or other protective gear can continue to be used after experiencing multiple sequential ordinary forces, and continue to reduce forces transferred to a wearer during subsequently applied ordinary forces. However, after experiencing an extraordinary force, the helmet or other protective gear may be plastically deformed afterwards such that the helmet or other protective gear would need to be repaired or replaced in order to provide expected performance even during ordinary forces in the future. Although the helmet or other protective gear would be damaged after an extraordinary force, the intent would be to allow the plastic deformation of the elastomeric elements to absorb additional energy generated during the extraordinary force and reduce the impact of the force on the wearer.
  • elastomeric members 315 a number of different physical structures can be used to form elastomeric members 315.
  • the elastomeric elements may be implemented as double ended elastomeric structures, such as those described below with regard to FIG. 4a.
  • the elastomeric members 315 may include or be implemented as thin elastomeric trusses between the layers 301 and 303 in a comb structure.
  • elastomeric members 315 may include conical structures, three dimensional pyramid structures, three dimensional parabolic structures, cylinders, or other shapes.
  • the multiple layer system may also include energy dampening/absorbing fluids or devices located at 311 between outer layer 301 and inner layer 303.
  • the elastomeric members 315 may include a layer of upward or downward facing three dimensional conical structures between outer layer 301 and inner layer 303.
  • Conical structures can effectively reduce shear and rotational forces applied from a variety of different directions, as well as impact forces applied to outer layer 301.
  • the conical structures are designed to have a particular elastic range where the conical structures will return to the same structure after force is applied and subsequently removed.
  • the conical structures may also be designed to have a particular plastic range where the conical structures will permanently deform if sufficient rotational or shear force is applied. The plastic deformation itself may dissipate energy and reduce forces transferred to a wearer, but would necessitate replacement or repair of the protective gear after such deformation and damage.
  • FIG. 4a depicts a cross-sectional view of the multiple layer helmet shown in FIG. 4b.
  • multiple layer helmet 400 includes an outer layer 301, inner layer 303, and elastomeric members 315.
  • the layers are also sometimes referred to as shells, containers, or casings.
  • the outer layer 301 is connected to the inner layer 301 through one or more elastomeric members 315 that allow the outer layer 301 to slide relative to the inner layer 303 when a rotational or other force is applied to the outer layer 301.
  • the helmet 400 may also include a lining layer within the inner layer 303, or a lining layer included and/or associated with inner layer 303.
  • the inner layer 303 covers a lining layer (not shown).
  • the lining layer may include lining materials, foam, and/or padding to absorb mechanical energy and enhance fit.
  • a lining layer may be connected to and/or integrated with inner layer 303 using a variety of attachment mechanisms such as glue, Velcro, or the like.
  • the liner is designed to conform to a human head.
  • the lining layer is pre-molded to allow for enhanced fit and protection.
  • the lining layer may vary, e.g. from 4mm to 40mm in thickness, depending on the type of activity a helmet is designed for.
  • custom foam may be injected into a fitted helmet to allow for a more personalized fit.
  • differently sized shell layers and lining layers may be provided for various activities and head sizes.
  • a chin strap 305 may be connected to inner layer 303 to secure helmet positioning.
  • the inner layer 303 includes a chin strap 305 for securing helmet 400 to a wearer or testing apparatus, although a chin strap may be optional in some implementations.
  • the inner layer 303 and/or outer layer 301 may include ridges and/or air holes for breathability.
  • the outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 may be constructed using materials such as plastics, resins, metal, composites, etc. In some instances, the outer layer 301and inner layer 303 may be reinforced using fibers such as aramids.
  • an energy and impact transformer layer between outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 can help distribute mechanical energy and shear forces so that less energy is transferred to a wearer.
  • outer layer 301 may only be indirectly connected to inner layer 303 through an energy and impact transformer.
  • the outer layer 301 may float above inner layer 303.
  • outer layer 301 may be loosely and/or flexibly connected to inner layer 303.
  • outer layer 301 is connected to inner layer 303 through elastomeric members 315, which together serve as an energy and impact transformer.
  • the outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 provide protection against penetrating forces while elastomeric members 315 provide protection against compression forces, shear forces, rotational forces, etc.
  • elastomeric members 315 allow outer layer 301 to move relative to inner layer 303. Compression, shear, rotation, impact, and/or other forces applied to the outer layer 301 of helmet 400 are absorbed, deflected, dissipated, etc., by the multilayer system, thereby reducing forces transferred to a wearer.
  • a wearer’s skull and brain are not only provided with protection against skull fractures, penetrating injuries, subdural and epidural hematomas, but also provided with some measure of protection against direct forces and resultant coup-contra coup injuries that result in both contusions and compression-tension axon injuries.
  • a wearer’s skull and brain are also protected against rotational forces that are a core cause of a shear injury and resultant long-term neurological disability in civilian and military personnel.
  • the elastomeric members 315 connect outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 and extend through each of the outer and inner layers, such as through holes in each of the layers. As shown, each elastomeric member 315 is molded in a shape that allows the element to stay in place when pushed through the holes of the helmet layers. As described previously, the elastomeric members 315 can connect outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 in a variety of ways that allow the layers to slide and otherwise move relative to each other.
  • a testing platform may include a headform that is used to simulate a human head.
  • a multiple layer helmet 400 can be mounted to the headform, such that the headform is protected by the inner layer 303 and the outer layer 301.
  • the outer layer is struck using one or more forces, such as a rotational force impact on the outer layer, data is obtained from sensors in and/or on the headform.
  • the elastomeric members 315 can be replaced and/or adjusted to achieve a desired reduction in forces applied to the headform during an impact. In this manner, the elastomeric members 315 are chosen for a particular design based on their desired performance.
  • any number of elastomeric members may be used depending on the application.
  • multiple holes may be included on outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 and different configurations of elastomeric members 315 can be used to attach the outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 through these holes.
  • the elastomeric members may have different properties from each other. For instance, if five elastomeric members are used, three may have the same properties and the other two may have other properties.
  • the outer layer 301 and the inner layer 303 may vary in weight and strength.
  • the outer layer 301 has significantly more weight, strength, and structural integrity than the inner layer 303.
  • the outer shell 301 may be used to prevent penetrating forces, and consequently may be constructed using higher strength materials that may be more expensive or heavier than those used for the inner layer 303.
  • helmet 400 is shown to extend around the back of a wearers head, as well as in front of the wearer’s chin/jaw region.
  • this type of design may be useful for particular applications, such as for motorcycling, football, etc., other designs may be appropriate for other applications.
  • cycling helmets may be designed such that the outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 extend around the top and sides of the head, but do not extend to the front of the face/jaw/chin area.
  • a baseball helmet may include an outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 that extend around the top and sides of the head, as well as over the ears.
  • Other configurations are also possible depending on the desired protection and use.
  • outer layer 301 and inner layer 303 may have similar coverage areas in some examples and different coverage areas in others. For instance, outer layer 301 may have more coverage, such as over the ears for a baseball helmet, while inner layer 303 may have less coverage, such as not over the ears. This would allow the outer layer 301 to protect the ears from impact and shear forces, but also allow comfortable space for the ears.
  • FIGS. 5-7 illustrate one example of a protective gear testing platform, shown from different views, as indicated by the xyz coordinate reference in the lower left comer of each figure.
  • FIG. 5 shown is one example of a protective gear testing platform that can be used with various embodiments described herein.
  • a multilayer helmet may be tested using a testing platform, and elastomeric members within the helmet can be tuned using data obtained during such testing.
  • a multilayer helmet may be mounted to a headform 510 that is swung along a pathway to impact a particular target 516.
  • Various sensors 530 may be included in the headform 510, as well as the target 516, and such sensors 530 and 532 may measure and record various forces generated by the impact. As discussed in greater detail below, such measurements may be used to assess the efficacy of the multilayer helmet when protecting against forces generated by impact events. In addition, this efficacy can then be used to tune or otherwise adjust the elastomeric members to yield a desired efficacy.
  • protective gear testing platform 500 includes support structure 502.
  • support structure 502 may provide structural support for various components of protective gear testing platform 500, and may facilitate positioning and releasing components, such as pendulum 504.
  • support structure 502 may be a rigid structure made of a material such as metal, wood, polymer, etc.
  • support structure 502 may include a coupling mechanism, such as coupler 506, which provides a mechanical coupling between support structure 502 and pendulum 504. More specifically, coupler 506 may be a rotatable joint that may be coupled to pendulum 506 via another structural member, such as shaft 508.
  • pendulum 504 may be coupled to support structure 502, and may swing and rotate around an axis concentric with or defined by shaft 508. As will be discussed in greater detail below, pendulum 504 may be set in a first position, and may swing to a second position by virtue of the mechanical coupling described above.
  • support structure 502 may include a mechanism, such as winch 522, that is designed to apply a rotational force to shaft 508 that can move pendulum 504 into a first position, as shown in Figure 5.
  • winch 522 may also include a distance encoder configured to measure and identify a linear and/or rotational distance traveled by pendulum 504.
  • winch 522 may be included as a component of coupler 506.
  • winch 522 may be controlled manually, or may be controlled by one or more components of a data processing system.
  • such a data processing system may be coupled with components of protective gear testing platform 500 via a communications interface, such as a wireless connection, to one or more of the components, such as first headform 510, velocity gate 520, and target 516, or via a wired connection coupled to an interface, such as interface 540, which may include internal wiring coupled to components, such as headform 510.
  • support structure 502 may also include a braking mechanism that is designed to inhibit or stop pendulum 504 from moving or rotating when the braking mechanism is applied.
  • a braking mechanism may engage after headform 510 has impacted target 516, and after a testing protocol has been implemented.
  • protective gear testing platform 500 may include pendulum 504, which may be a rigid structure.
  • pendulum 504 may be made of a material such as metal, wood, a polymer, or the like. In some embodiments, pendulum 504 may be made of the same material or a different material as support structure 502.
  • pendulum 504 may be coupled to another component of protective gear testing platform 500.
  • pendulum 504 may be coupled with headform 510 via first mounting plate 512.
  • pendulum 504 may be designed to couple headform 510 with other components of protective gear testing platform 500, and may be further designed to swing headform 510 along a first pathway.
  • first mounting plate 512 may be configured to be adjustable in one or more directions. Accordingly, first mounting plate 512 may be configured such that an orientation and angle of headform 510 may be adjusted. In one implementation, first mounting plate 512 may provide six degrees of freedom to the positioning of headform 510.
  • first mounting plate 512 may include an adjustable ball head that enables rotation and movement of headform 510 along six degrees of freedom.
  • pendulum 504 When pendulum 504 is swung at target 516, the movement of headform 510 and its associated protective device, such as a helmet, simulates a person’s head moving at a particular velocity and impacting a target such as another headform, a surface, etc.
  • headform 510 may be configured to approximate the shape of a human head. Accordingly, headform 510 may be made of a rigid material, such as a composite, polymer, metal, or the like, and may be designed in the shape of a human head. Moreover, headform 510 may be designed to be coupled to various components of protective gear. For example, protective gear, such as a helmet, may be mounted on headform 510, and may be fastened to headform 510 using one or more fastening devices of the helmet. In this way, a helmet or other protective device may be coupled to headform 510 via fastening devices intended for use with portions of the human body, such as the head.
  • protective gear such as a helmet
  • headform 510 may include various sensors, such as first sensors 530, which measure forces and accelerations experienced by headform 510.
  • headform 510 may include a 9-axis intertial motion sensor which may be configured to measure and generate measurement data characterizing motion and acceleration in three directions or axes as well as rotations about each axis.
  • a sensor may include a 3-axis gyroscope, a 3-axis accelerometer, and a 3-axis magnetometer.
  • the sensor may further include angular sensors specifically designed to measure rotational forces.
  • headform 510 may include various different configurations of sensors that generate measurement data, as discussed in greater detail below.
  • protective gear testing platform 500 may further include base stage 514, which is designed to position and provide structural support for target 516.
  • base stage 514 may be a movable stage mounted on rails, such as rails 524, and may be coupled with target 516 via second mounting plate 518.
  • base stage 514 may provide four degrees of motion to a component coupled to base stage 514, such as second mounting plate 518. For example, movement along rails 524 may move base plate 526 along a first direction, and may also move second mounting plate 518 and target 516 in the first direction.
  • a coupling between second mounting plate 518 and base plate 526 may be adjustable such that second mounting plate 518 and target 516 can be moved laterally and along a second direction.
  • second mounting plate 518 may be designed to change a position and orientation of target 516. More specifically, second mounting plate 518 may be configured to allow target 516 to be positioned with six degrees of freedom.
  • base stage 514 may further include velocity gate 520, which measures the velocity of headform 510 as it swings along the first pathway towards target 516.
  • velocity gate 520 may be configured to measure the velocity of headform 510 at a second position, where the second position is a point along the first pathway when headform 510 impacts target 516.
  • velocity gate 520 may be designed to measure the velocity of headform 510 at a time just before and/or during impact with target 516. Such measurements may be recorded as velocity data.
  • target 516 may be another headform, such as a second headform. Additionally, target 516 may also include sensors similar to those described above with regard to headform 510, such as second sensors 532. Sensors 532 may generate a second set of measurement data, and may also be coupled to one or more protective devices, depending on the desired testing condition.
  • target 516 may also be configured in various other ways.
  • target 516 may be configured to simulate one of a number of test surfaces.
  • target 516 may include a first test surface, which may be a synthetic turf that is used on a football field.
  • target 516 may include a square, rectangular, or other shaped substrate on which the first test surface is mounted.
  • the first test surface may be positioned and oriented such that headform 510 impacts the first test surface when swung along the first pathway.
  • Various other test surfaces may be implemented as well, such as concrete, asphalt, rubber, glass, wood, etc., depending on the desired testing conditions.
  • the configurability of the position and orientation of headform 510 mounted on pendulum 504, as well as the configurability of the position and orientation of target 516 may enable testing of specific impact angles within particular impact scenarios, and enable the testing of variations of such angles to determine whether shear, rotational, and impact forces, as well as other factors such as oscillations on the helmet and headform, caused by the impact scenarios would cause particular types of head trauma and/or injuries.
  • a specific scenario of a bicycle helmet impacting asphalt may be tested.
  • a bicycle helmet may be coupled with headform 510, and target 516 may include a sample of asphalt.
  • the angle of headform 510 and the helmet relative to target 516 may be varied between numerous impact tests.
  • FIG. 6 shown is another view of an example protective gear testing platform, similar to the one described above with regard to FIG.5.
  • a protective gear testing platform such as protective gear testing platform 500
  • pendulum 504 may be coupled with headform 510 via first mounting plate 512.
  • protective gear testing platform 500 may include base stage 514 and base plate 526, which may be coupled to second mounting plate 518 and target 516. Also shown from this angle are velocity gate 520 and rails 524.
  • pendulum 504 is positioned in a first position and ready to be released to swing along a first pathway that allows headform 510 to impact target 516.
  • the testing platform shown in the present example is similar to the example described with regard to FIG. 5, the present example includes a different configuration or location of winch 522.
  • winch 522 is located on a portion of support structure 502 and may be coupled with coupler 506 and shaft 508 via a line, rope, cable, or the like.
  • other modifications or alternatives to the testing platform can also be implemented, and these modified testing platforms can also be used with various embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 7 shown is another view of an example protective gear testing platform, similar to the ones described above with regard to FIG.5 and FIG.6. This view further shows the orientation and relative position of pendulum 504 and headform 510 to base stage 514 and target 516.
  • a protective gear testing platform such as protective gear testing platform 500, may include various components such as support structure 502, which may be coupled to pendulum 504 via coupler 506 and shaft 508. Additionally, protective gear testing platform 500 may also include base stage 514 and base plate 526, which may be coupled to second mounting plate 518 and target 516. Also shown more clearly in this view are velocity gate 520, winch 522, and rails 524.
  • pendulum 504 is shown in a first position and ready to be released to swing along a pathway that allows headform 510 to impact target 516.
  • Headform 510 and target 516 may be positioned relative to each other such that they are aligned, off-center, etc., depending upon what type of impact is to be simulated.
  • the position of target 516 may be moved in a variety of ways. For instance, target 516 may be moved by changing a position of second mounting plate 518 relative to base plate 526, such that target 516 may be aligned with headform 510 or may be positioned such that it is off-center relative to headform 510, as shown in FIG.7.
  • the position of target 516 can also be adjusted by moving base plate 526, base stage 514, and/or base plate 526 relative to base stage 514.
  • second mounting plate 518 may allow target 516 to be angled or rotated relative to base plate 526.
  • testing platform 500 can be used to align headform 510 and target 516 in a variety of ways in order to simulate and test various types of impacts.
  • the multiple layer helmet to be tested may include one or more elastomeric members that are designed to allow an outer layer of the helmet to rotate and otherwise move relative to an inner layer of the helmet.
  • the elastomeric members are also designed to reduce shear and other forces transferred from the outer layer to the inner layer, and consequently reduce shear and other forces transferred to a wearer of the helmet.
  • process 800 involves subjecting a multilayer helmet to impact events generated during testing using a testing platform, examples of which have been described previously.
  • This testing may include arranging different configurations of helmets, targets, and impact angles/ offsets between the helmet and targets during various tests, depending on the types of simulated impacts are expected.
  • Measurement data associated with these impact events allows a manufacturer or other entity to determine how effective the multilayer helmet is at reducing forces transferred to a headform or wearer during simulated impact scenarios. Based on this measurement data, elastomeric elements within the multilayer helmet can be adjusted or replaced in subsequent tests until the multilayer helmet provides an acceptable reduction of forces transferred to the headform during testing.
  • process 800 begins at 802 when a multilayer helmet is attached to a first headform of a testing platform, such as a testing platform described above with regard to Figs. 5-7.
  • the multilayer helmet can be strapped to the headform using a chin strap.
  • the chin strap can be connected to an inner layer of the multilayer helmet, depending on the desired design.
  • the first headform 510 may include one or more sensors and may be attached to pendulum 504, which may in turn be coupled to support structure 502.
  • a first mounting plate can be used to couple the headform to the pendulum, where the first mounting plate can adjustably position the headform in a desired orientation.
  • the pendulum may be positioned at a first position and held in place by a locking mechanism that may be included in a coupler, such as coupler 506.
  • the pendulum When positioned in the first position, the pendulum may have an amount of potential energy created, at least in part, by gravity. When the pendulum is released from the first position, the potential energy may be converted to kinetic energy, and the pendulum may swing along a pathway.
  • movement of the pendulum to the first position may be controlled by a mechanical component, such as a winch.
  • the winch may include a rotational or linear encoder configured to identify a distance (linear or angular) traveled from a resting position, which may be a vertical position relative to support structure 502 that has a potential energy of about zero.
  • a distance may be identified based on an input provided by a user or a test protocol, and the winch may be engaged to move the pendulum until the encoder identifies that the pendulum has been moved the designated distance to a first position.
  • the first headform may be positioned at an initial or first position.
  • the position of the first headform may be configurable based on rotation and adjustments made to a first mounting plate. Accordingly, the position and mounting of the first headform may be adjusted by rotating one or more axes of the first mounting plate coupling the first headform to the pendulum.
  • the first headform may be positioned and oriented such that it is directly facing the target, or angled, at least to some degree along any of the X, Y, and/or Z axes and XY, XZ, and YZ planes, away from the target. Accordingly, any suitable adjustment may be made to the position of the first headform relative to the target to simulate different types of impacts, such as a head-on direct impact, a side impact, etc.
  • method 800 continues at operation 804 during which a target is positioned at a second position.
  • a base stage, base plate, a second mounting plate, etc. may be moved and adjusted to set an orientation and position of a target.
  • a second mounting plate can be used to couple a target to a base stage, where the second mounting plate can adjustably position the target as desired.
  • the target can be a second headform, such as when a test intends to simulate impact between two headforms.
  • the target can be a surface, such as asphalt, grass, turf, etc.
  • other surfaces or structures can be used for the target depending on the simulated impact desired.
  • the target may be positioned at a second position designed to simulate a particular type of impact with the first headform.
  • the target may be positioned in the pathway of the pendulum and first headform, and may be aligned with a centerline of the first headform to simulate a direct impact.
  • the target may be rotated to simulate an impact that occurs at an angle relative to the headform.
  • the target may be offset from a centerline of the headform to simulate an off-center impact. As discussed above and shown FIGS. 5-7, such angles and offsets may be implemented along any of the X, Y, and/or Z axes and XY, XZ, YZ planes, and/or any combination of these axes in planes in 3D space.
  • the target may be one of many different types of targets.
  • the target may be a second headform that includes additional sensors.
  • the target may be a sample of a surface, such as an amount of area of a synthetic turf. In this way, the target may be configured to simulate any number of objects and surfaces with which a helmet or other protective gear may collide.
  • the testing platform is designed with the headform mounted to a pendulum so that when the pendulum swings along a path towards a target, the headform travels at a speed that simulates how fast the headform would be expected to travel upon impact with a variety of different objects and environments.
  • a football helmet to turf impact can be tested by strapping a football helmet onto the headform and using a piece of turf as the target.
  • bike helmet to asphalt impact can be tested by strapping a bike helmet onto the headform and using a piece of asphalt as the target.
  • the helmet which is mounted to the headform on the pendulum, can be released to strike the piece of turf or the piece of asphalt at a variety of different incident angles to allow measurement of the resultant shear, rotational, and impact forces, as well as oscillations on the helmet and headform.
  • a helmet which is mounted to a headform on a pendulum, is used to strike another helmet which is attached to a headform that is mounted to a base. This type of helmet to helmet impact can be used to simulate collisions between football players, etc.
  • method 800 continues to operation 806 during which the pendulum is released from the first position.
  • the pendulum and headform swings along a pathway towards the target.
  • a locking mechanism included in a coupler such as coupler 506, may be disengaged, and the pendulum may be released.
  • Gravity may facilitate the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy, and the pendulum may swing along a pathway towards the target.
  • the multilayer helmet mounted to the first headform along the pendulum, may impact the target by colliding with the target and causing an impact event.
  • a braking device may be used to stop the movement of the pendulum after the impact event in some implementations.
  • the process 800 continues at 808 during which measurement data is collected to characterize forces generated by the impact event.
  • forces from the impact event may be transferred to the first headform through the multilayer helmet.
  • these forces may be measured by sensors included in the headform, and provided to a data processing system as measurement data.
  • the measurement data may be maintained and processed locally or maintained and processed using cloud resources or the like.
  • the measurement data may also include a velocity measurement made by a velocity gate at a moment just prior to the impact event. Such a velocity measurement may be used to identify the velocity of the first headform at the time of impact.
  • sensors and sensing circuitry included in the first headform may acquire force measurements from the sensors over a period of time to generate a time course identifying force measurements over time. The sensors may be started at a particular time, such as during operation 806, and may be stopped at a time after the impact event. As discussed previously, the sensors may be configured to measure different types of forces, such as linear, rotational, shear, and/or other forces, along various different axes.
  • the sensors may generate measurement data that includes several time courses of force measurements from the various sensors.
  • the target may be a second headform that also includes sensors designed to generate measurement data.
  • the measurement data may include measurements from sensors of the first headform as well as measurements from sensors of the second headform, depending on the desired implementation and testing.
  • the measurement data may be transferred to a data processing system.
  • the data may be manually transferred.
  • the measurement data may be stored on a memory device also included in the sensing circuitry included in the first headform and, in some embodiments, the second headform.
  • the memory devices may be removable memory devices, such as memory cards, that may be removed from the first and second headforms, and communicatively coupled with the data processing system.
  • the measurement data may be transferred to the data processing system via a communications interface.
  • the communications interface may be a wired connection, such as an Ethernet port, or a wireless connection, such as a wifi connection or a Bluetooth connection.
  • the measurement data may be transferred to the data processing system via a network, which may be a local network or the internet.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 810 during which a determination is made about whether the measurement data exceeds an acceptable threshold.
  • This threshold may correspond to forces that would result in particular head injuries if exceeded.
  • one or more metrics may be generated based on the measurement data, and such metrics may characterize an efficacy of the protective gear in reducing the effect of the impact event on the first headform.
  • the impact efficacy metric may be generated based on a comparison of one or more measurements within the measurement data with various thresholds.
  • the amplitudes of the forces included in the time courses may be compared with a designated threshold that represents a limit of permissible force applied to a human brain. From the results of this comparison, an impact efficacy metric can be generated. If the measured forces are below the threshold, the impact efficacy metric may identify a “pass.” If the measured forces are above the threshold, the impact efficacy metric may identify a “fail.” In addition, different measurements from different sensors, and/or combinations of these measurements, may also be analyzed and compared with corresponding thresholds. In some implementations, combinations of different force measurements along different axes may be used to identify a single impact efficacy metric. Accordingly, an impact efficacy metric may be generated based on a combination of measurements and threshold crossings in some implementations.
  • the impact efficacy metric may characterize a particular type of brain injury and a severity of the injury.
  • a data processing system may include a file or database that includes a mapping of measurements or conditions to particular types of brain injuries. One or more of these measurements or conditions may be identified and may be used to query the database to determine if a threshold has been crossed during a particular impact test. For instance, in a specific example, the conditions may identify a threshold crossing along a first axis, as well as a threshold crossing along a second axis. If a match is found in the database, the entry associated with the matching key may be returned as a result.
  • such a result may be a particular type of trauma such as “concussion.”
  • a severity of the type of brain injury may be determined based on an amount by which one or more thresholds are crossed. For example, if a set of thresholds are crossed by an average of 20% amplitude, the severity of the injury may be characterized as “severe.”
  • an impact efficacy metric may be included with various other parameters in an impact evaluation report.
  • Such other parameters may characterize and identify the settings used for the impact test.
  • Such settings may identify the distance setting used for the positioning of the first pendulum, the type of target used, as well as any other suitable configuration parameters.
  • the report may be generated to include the impact efficacy metric as well as contextual data associated with the impact efficacy metric.
  • one or more elastomeric members can be replaced and/or adjusted in the multiple layer helmet and the newly reconfigured multiple layer helmet can then be tested again and a determination can be made about whether the new configuration yields impact measurement data that exceeds an acceptable threshold. Accordingly, this process of replacing and/or adjusting the elastomeric members and retesting can be continued until a configuration is found that yields impact measurement data that does not exceed an acceptable threshold.
  • the measurement data described in process 800 can be obtained by one or more impact events, such as when the headform and target are positioned in different relative positions, etc., and the measurement data can be taken together to determine whether the measurement data exceeds an acceptable threshold.
  • process 800 may be repeated for various threshold values associated with different types of impact events. A design that withstands each of these impact events without transferring forces that would exceed corresponding threshold values can be chosen as a final design.
  • the data processing system 900 also referred to herein as a computer system, may be used to implement one or more computers or processing devices used to control various components of devices and systems described above, as may occur during the implementation of testing operations.
  • the data processing system 900 includes a communications framework 902, which provides communications between a processor unit 904, a memory 906, a persistent storage 908, a communication unit 910, an input/output (I/O) unit 912, and a display 914.
  • the communications framework 902 may take the form of a bus system.
  • a processor unit 904 serves to execute instructions for software that may be loaded into the memory 906.
  • the processor unit 904 may include multiple processors, as may be included in a multi-processor core.
  • the processor unit 904 is specifically configured and optimized to process large amounts of data that may be involved when processing measurement data, as discussed above.
  • the processor unit 904 may be an application specific processor that may be implemented as one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) within a processing system. Such specific configuration of the processor unit 904 may provide increased efficiency when processing the large amounts of data involved with the previously described systems, devices, and methods.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • the processor unit 904 may include one or more reprogrammable logic devices, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), that may be programmed or specifically configured to optimally perform the previously described processing operations in the context of large and complex data sets.
  • FPGAs field-programmable gate arrays
  • memory 906 and persistent storage 908 are examples of storage devices 916.
  • a storage device is any piece of hardware that is capable of storing information such as data, program code in functional form, and/or other suitable information either on a temporary basis and/or a permanent basis.
  • the storage devices 916 may also be referred to as computer readable storage devices in some examples.
  • memory 906 may be a random access memory or any other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage device.
  • persistent storage 908 may take various forms, depending on the particular implementation. For example, persistent storage 908 may contain one or more components or devices.
  • persistent storage 908 may be a hard drive, a flash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, or some combination of the above.
  • the media used by persistent storage 908 also may be removable.
  • a removable hard drive may be used for the persistent storage 908.
  • communication unit 910 facilitates communications with other data processing systems or devices.
  • the communications unit 910 is a network interface card.
  • input/output unit 912 allows for input and output of data with other devices that may be connected to the data processing system 900.
  • input/output unit 912 may provide a connection for user input through a keyboard, a mouse, and/or some other suitable input device.
  • input/output unit 912 may send output to a printer.
  • display 914 provides a mechanism to display information to a user.
  • instructions for the operating system, applications, and/or programs may be located in storage devices 916, which are in communication with processor unit 904 through communications framework 902.
  • Various processes described in embodiments herein may be performed by processor unit 904 using computer-implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory, such as memory 906.
  • These instructions are referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code that may be read and executed by a processor in processor unit 904.
  • the program code in different embodiments may be stored on different physical or computer readable storage media, such as memory 906 or persistent storage 908.
  • program code 918 is located in a functional form on computer readable media 920 that is selectively removable and may be loaded onto or transferred to the data processing system 900 for execution by processor unit 904. Furthermore, program code 918 and computer readable media 920 form computer program product 922.
  • computer readable media 920 may be a computer readable storage media 924 or a computer readable signal media 926. In this example, the computer readable storage media 924 is a physical or tangible storage device used to store the program code 918 rather than a medium that propagates or transmits the program code 918.
  • program code 918 may be transferred to data processing system 900 using computer readable signal media 926.
  • the computer readable signal media 926 may be a propagated data signal that includes program code 918.
  • the computer readable signal media 926 may be an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, and/or any other suitable type of signal. These signals may be transmitted over communications links, such as wireless communications links, optical fiber cable, coaxial cable, a wire, and/or any other suitable type of communications link.
  • the components illustrated in data processing system 900 are not meant to provide architectural limitations when used to implement embodiments described herein. More specifically, different embodiments may be implemented in a data processing system that includes components in addition to and/or in place of those illustrated in the data processing system 900 shown. The different embodiments may be implemented using any hardware device or system capable of running the program code 918.
  • the foregoing concepts have been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the processes, systems, and devices described in various embodiments herein. Accordingly, the present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés et des dispositifs pour la fourniture d'un équipement de protection comprenant des casques multicouches calibrés à l'aide de données obtenues pendant un test d'impact sur une plateforme de test d'impact. L'équipement de protection peut être personnalisé pour des activités particulières, des sports, des types corporels, des individus, etc. Le casque multicouche peut comprendre une couche externe qui est reliée à la couche interne par l'intermédiaire d'un ou de plusieurs éléments élastomères. Les un ou plusieurs éléments élastomères sont conçus pour permettre à la couche externe de coulisser par rapport à la couche interne lorsqu'une force de rotation est appliquée sur la couche externe. Les éléments élastomères, conjointement avec d'autres paramètres d'équipement de protection, peuvent être calibrés à l'aide de données obtenues en provenance de capteurs pendant un test d'impact sur une plateforme de test d'équipement de protection.
PCT/US2022/079331 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Équipement de protection de cisaillement mis en œuvre par plateforme de test d'impact WO2024096910A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5922937A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-07-13 Lear Corporation Individual component headform impact test drive
US20040074283A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-04-22 Withnall Christopher R.P. Method and apparatus for testing football helmets
WO2011139224A1 (fr) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Mips Ab Casque doté d'un dispositif facilitant le coulissement placé dans une couche d'absorption d'énergie
US20170055621A1 (en) * 2011-07-21 2017-03-02 Brainguard Technologies, Inc. Biomechanics aware headgear
US20180172551A1 (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Brainguard Technologies, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for an impact test platform

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5922937A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-07-13 Lear Corporation Individual component headform impact test drive
US20040074283A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-04-22 Withnall Christopher R.P. Method and apparatus for testing football helmets
WO2011139224A1 (fr) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Mips Ab Casque doté d'un dispositif facilitant le coulissement placé dans une couche d'absorption d'énergie
US20170055621A1 (en) * 2011-07-21 2017-03-02 Brainguard Technologies, Inc. Biomechanics aware headgear
US20180172551A1 (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Brainguard Technologies, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for an impact test platform

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