Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
  • G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
  • A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
  • A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
  • A61B1/000094—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope extracting biological structures
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
  • A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
  • A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
  • A61B1/000096—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope using artificial intelligence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
  • A61B1/00043—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements
  • A61B1/00045—Display arrangement
  • A61B1/0005—Display arrangement combining images e.g. side-by-side, superimposed or tiled
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
  • A61B1/041—Capsule endoscopes for imaging
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
  • A61B1/045—Control thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/273—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
  • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
  • G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
  • G06V10/764—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using classification, e.g. of video objects
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
  • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
  • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
  • G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
  • G16H30/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
  • G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
  • G06V2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to image or video recognition or understanding
  • G06V2201/03—Recognition of patterns in medical or anatomical images
  • G06V2201/031—Recognition of patterns in medical or anatomical images of internal organs

Definitions

• the technology disclosed herein relates to a medical support device, an endoscope, a medical support method, and a program.
• JP 2020-62218 A discloses a learning device that includes an acquisition unit that acquires multiple pieces of information that associate images of the duodenal papilla of Vater in the bile duct with information indicating a cannulation method, which is a method of inserting a catheter into the bile duct, a learning unit that performs machine learning using information indicating the cannulation method as teacher data based on images of the duodenal papilla of Vater in the bile duct, and a storage unit that associates and stores the results of the machine learning performed by the learning unit with the information indicating the cannulation method.
• a cannulation method which is a method of inserting a catheter into the bile duct
• a learning unit that performs machine learning using information indicating the cannulation method as teacher data based on images of the duodenal papilla of Vater in the bile duct
• a storage unit that associates and stores the results of the machine learning performed by the learning unit with the information indicating the
• One embodiment of the technology disclosed herein provides a medical support device, endoscope, medical support method, and program that can support the implementation of medical care according to the type of duodenal papilla.
• the first aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device that includes a processor, which identifies the type of duodenal papilla by performing image recognition processing on an intestinal wall image obtained by capturing an image of the intestinal wall, including the duodenal papilla, in the duodenum using a camera attached to an endoscope, and outputs relevant information related to the papilla type.
• the second aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to the first aspect, in which outputting the related information means displaying the related information on a screen.
• a third aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to the first or second aspect, in which the related information includes a schema determined according to the nipple type.
• a fourth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to third aspects, in which the related information includes junction type information, which is determined according to the type of papilla and is information that can identify the junction type at which the bile duct and pancreatic duct join.
• a fifth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, in which the image recognition process includes a classification process for classifying nipple types, and the related information includes certainty information indicating the certainty of each nipple type classified by the classification process.
• a sixth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, in which the frequency of occurrence of the confluence of the bile duct and pancreatic duct is determined for each type of papilla, and the processor outputs, as related information, information including occurrence frequency information indicating the occurrence frequency according to the identified type of papilla.
• a seventh aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, in which the papilla type includes a first papilla type, the first papilla type having any one of a number of junction types in which the bile duct and the pancreatic duct join, and when the processor identifies the first papilla type as the papilla type, it outputs, as related information, information including occurrence frequency information indicating the occurrence frequency of each junction type.
• An eighth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to the seventh aspect, in which the first nipple type is a villous type or a flat type, and the multiple confluence types are a partition type and a common duct type.
• a ninth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, in which the related information includes auxiliary information, which is a junction type where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct join, and which is information that assists in medical procedures performed for the junction type determined according to the papilla type.
• auxiliary information which is a junction type where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct join, and which is information that assists in medical procedures performed for the junction type determined according to the papilla type.
• a tenth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to the ninth aspect, in which the processor outputs auxiliary information when there are multiple merging formats for the identified nipple type.
• An eleventh aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, in which a processor identifies the papilla type by performing image recognition processing on an intestinal wall image on a frame-by-frame basis.
• a twelfth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, in which the image recognition process includes a first image recognition process and a second image recognition process, and the processor detects the duodenal papilla region by executing the first image recognition process on the intestinal wall image, and identifies the papilla type by executing the second image recognition process on the detected duodenal papilla region.
• a thirteenth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support device according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, in which the related information is stored in an external device and/or a medical record.
• a fourteenth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is an endoscope comprising a medical support device according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects and an endoscope scope.
• a fifteenth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a medical support method that includes identifying the type of duodenal papilla by performing image recognition processing on an intestinal wall image obtained by imaging the intestinal wall, including the duodenal papilla, in the duodenum using a camera provided in an endoscope, and outputting relevant information related to the papilla type.
• a sixteenth aspect of the technology disclosed herein is a program for causing a computer to execute processing including identifying the type of duodenal papilla by executing image recognition processing on an intestinal wall image obtained by capturing an image of the intestinal wall, including the duodenal papilla, in the duodenum using a camera attached to an endoscope, and outputting relevant information related to the papilla type.
• FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an embodiment in which the duodenoscope system is used.
• 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a duodenoscope system.
• 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of an electrical system of the duodenoscope system.
• FIG. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an aspect in which a duodenoscope is used.
• 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of an electrical system of the image processing apparatus;
• 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the correlation between an endoscope, an NVM, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, and a support information acquisition unit.
• 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of correlation between a display device, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, a support information acquisition unit, and a display control unit.
• 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of a medical support process.
• 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the correlation between an endoscope, an NVM, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, and a support information acquisition unit.
• 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of correlation between a display device, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, a support information acquisition unit, and a display control unit.
• 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the correlation between an endoscope, an NVM, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, and a support information acquisition unit.
• 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of correlation between a display device, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, a support information acquisition unit, and a display control unit.
• 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of correlation between a display device, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, a support information acquisition unit, and a display control unit.
• 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the correlation between an endoscope, an NVM, an image acquisition unit, an image recognition unit, and a support information acquisition unit.
• CPU is an abbreviation for "Central Processing Unit”.
• GPU is an abbreviation for "Graphics Processing Unit”.
• RAM is an abbreviation for "Random Access Memory”.
• NVM is an abbreviation for "Non-volatile memory”.
• EEPROM is an abbreviation for "Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory”.
• ASIC is an abbreviation for "Application Specific Integrated Circuit”.
• PLD is an abbreviation for "Programmable Logic Device”.
• FPGA is an abbreviation for "Field-Programmable Gate Array”.
• SoC is an abbreviation for "System-on-a-chip”.
• SSD is an abbreviation for "Solid State Drive”.
• USB is an abbreviation for "Universal Serial Bus”.
• HDD is an abbreviation for “Hard Disk Drive.”
• EL is an abbreviation for “Electro-Luminescence.”
• CMOS is an abbreviation for “Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.”
• CCD is an abbreviation for “Charge Coupled Device.”
• AI is an abbreviation for "Artificial Intelligence.”
• BLI is an abbreviation for "Blue Light Imaging.”
• LCI is an abbreviation for "Linked Color Imaging.”
• I/F is an abbreviation for "Interface.”
• FIFO is an abbreviation for "First In First Out.”
• ERCP is an abbreviation for "Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography.”
• a duodenoscope system 10 includes a duodenoscope 12 and a display device 13.
• the duodenoscope 12 is used by a doctor 14 in an endoscopic examination.
• the duodenoscope 12 is communicatively connected to a communication device (not shown), and information obtained by the duodenoscope 12 is transmitted to the communication device.
• the communication device receives the information transmitted from the duodenoscope 12 and executes a process using the received information (e.g., a process of recording the information in an electronic medical record, etc.).
• the duodenoscope 12 is equipped with an endoscope scope 18.
• the duodenoscope 12 is a device for performing medical treatment on an observation target 21 (e.g., the duodenum) contained within the body of a subject 20 (e.g., a patient) using the endoscope scope 18.
• the observation target 21 is an object observed by a doctor 14.
• the endoscope scope 18 is inserted into the body of the subject 20.
• the duodenoscope 12 causes the endoscope scope 18 inserted into the body of the subject 20 to capture an image of the observation target 21 inside the body of the subject 20, and performs various medical procedures on the observation target 21 as necessary.
• the duodenoscope 12 is an example of an "endoscope" according to the technology disclosed herein.
• the duodenoscope 12 captures images of the inside of the subject's body 20, and outputs images showing the state of the inside of the body.
• the duodenoscope 12 is an endoscope with an optical imaging function that captures images of reflected light obtained by irradiating light inside the body and reflecting it off the object of observation 21.
• the duodenoscope 12 is equipped with a control device 22, a light source device 24, and an image processing device 25.
• the control device 22 and the light source device 24 are installed on a wagon 34.
• the wagon 34 has multiple stands arranged in the vertical direction, and the image processing device 25, the control device 22, and the light source device 24 are installed from the lower stand to the upper stand.
• a display device 13 is installed on the top stand of the wagon 34.
• the control device 22 is a device that controls the entire duodenoscope 12.
• the image processing device 25 is a device that performs image processing on the images captured by the duodenoscope 12 under the control of the control device 22.
• the display device 13 displays various information including images (e.g., images that have been subjected to image processing by the image processing device 25).
• images e.g., images that have been subjected to image processing by the image processing device 25.
• Examples of the display device 13 include a liquid crystal display and an EL display.
• a tablet terminal with a display may be used in place of the display device 13 or together with the display device 13.
• the display device 13 displays a plurality of screens side by side. In the example shown in FIG. 1, screens 36, 37, and 38 are shown.
• An endoscopic image 40 obtained by the duodenoscope 12 is displayed on the screen 36.
• the endoscopic image 40 shows an observation target 21.
• the endoscopic image 40 is an image obtained by capturing an image of the observation target 21 by a camera 48 (see FIG. 2) provided on the endoscope scope 18 inside the body of the subject 20.
• An example of the observation target 21 is the intestinal wall of the duodenum.
• an intestinal wall image 41 which is an endoscopic image 40 in which the intestinal wall of the duodenum is captured as the observation target 21.
• duodenum is merely one example, and any area that can be imaged by the duodenoscope 12 may be used. Examples of areas that can be imaged by the duodenoscope 12 include the esophagus and stomach.
• the intestinal wall image 41 is an example of an "intestinal wall image" according to the technology disclosed herein.
• a moving image including multiple frames of intestinal wall images 41 is displayed on the screen 36.
• multiple frames of intestinal wall images 41 are displayed on the screen 36 at a preset frame rate (e.g., several tens of frames per second).
• the duodenoscope 12 includes an operating section 42 and an insertion section 44.
• the insertion section 44 is partially curved by operating the operating section 42.
• the insertion section 44 is inserted while curving in accordance with the shape of the observation target 21 (e.g., the shape of the duodenum) in accordance with the operation of the operating section 42 by the doctor 14.
• the tip 46 of the insertion section 44 is provided with a camera 48, a lighting device 50, a treatment opening 51, and an erecting mechanism 52.
• the camera 48 and the lighting device 50 are provided on the side of the tip 46.
• the duodenoscope 12 is a side-viewing scope. This makes it easier to observe the intestinal wall of the duodenum.
• Camera 48 is a device that captures images of the inside of subject 20 to obtain intestinal wall images 41 as medical images.
• One example of camera 48 is a CMOS camera. However, this is merely one example, and other types of cameras such as a CCD camera may also be used.
• Camera 48 is an example of a "camera" according to the technology of this disclosure.
• the illumination device 50 has an illumination window 50A.
• the illumination device 50 irradiates light through the illumination window 50A.
• Types of light irradiated from the illumination device 50 include, for example, visible light (e.g., white light) and non-visible light (e.g., near-infrared light).
• the illumination device 50 also irradiates special light through the illumination window 50A. Examples of the special light include light for BLI and/or light for LCI.
• the camera 48 captures images of the inside of the subject 20 by optical techniques while light is irradiated inside the subject 20 by the illumination device 50.
• the treatment opening 51 is used as a treatment tool ejection port for ejecting the treatment tool 54 from the tip 46, as a suction port for sucking blood and internal waste, and as a delivery port for delivering fluids.
• the treatment tool 54 protrudes from the treatment opening 51 in accordance with the operation of the doctor 14.
• the treatment tool 54 is inserted into the insertion section 44 from the treatment tool insertion port 58.
• the treatment tool 54 passes through the insertion section 44 via the treatment tool insertion port 58 and protrudes from the treatment opening 51 into the body of the subject 20.
• a cannula protrudes from the treatment opening 51 as the treatment tool 54.
• the cannula is merely one example of the treatment tool 54, and other examples of the treatment tool 54 include a papillotomy knife or a snare.
• the standing mechanism 52 changes the protruding direction of the treatment tool 54 protruding from the treatment opening 51.
• the standing mechanism 52 is equipped with a guide 52A, and the guide 52A rises in the protruding direction of the treatment tool 54, so that the protruding direction of the treatment tool 54 changes along the guide 52A. This makes it easy to protrude the treatment tool 54 toward the intestinal wall.
• the standing mechanism 52 changes the protruding direction of the treatment tool 54 to a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the tip 46.
• the standing mechanism 52 is operated by the doctor 14 via the operating unit 42. This allows the degree of change in the protruding direction of the treatment tool 54 to be adjusted.
• the endoscope scope 18 is connected to the control device 22 and the light source device 24 via a universal cord 60.
• the control device 22 is connected to the display device 13 and the reception device 62.
• the reception device 62 receives instructions from a user (e.g., the doctor 14) and outputs the received instructions as an electrical signal.
• a keyboard is given as an example of the reception device 62.
• the reception device 62 may also be a mouse, a touch panel, a foot switch, and/or a microphone, etc.
• the control device 22 controls the entire duodenoscope 12.
• the control device 22 controls the light source device 24 and transmits and receives various signals to and from the camera 48.
• the light source device 24 emits light under the control of the control device 22 and supplies the light to the illumination device 50.
• the illumination device 50 has a built-in light guide, and the light supplied from the light source device 24 passes through the light guide and is irradiated from illumination windows 50A and 50B.
• the control device 22 causes the camera 48 to capture an image, obtains an intestinal wall image 41 (see FIG. 1) from the camera 48, and outputs it to a predetermined output destination (for example, the image processing device 25).
• the image processing device 25 is communicably connected to the control device 22, and performs image processing on the intestinal wall image 41 output from the control device 22. Details of the image processing in the image processing device 25 will be described later.
• the image processing device 25 outputs the intestinal wall image 41 that has been subjected to image processing to a predetermined output destination (e.g., the display device 13).
• a predetermined output destination e.g., the display device 13.
• the control device 22 and the display device 13 may be connected, and the intestinal wall image 41 that has been subjected to image processing by the image processing device 25 may be displayed on the display device 13 via the control device 22.
• the control device 22 includes a computer 64, a bus 66, and an external I/F 68.
• the computer 64 includes a processor 70, a RAM 72, and an NVM 74.
• the processor 70, the RAM 72, the NVM 74, and the external I/F 68 are connected to the bus 66.
• the processor 70 has a CPU and a GPU, and controls the entire control device 22.
• the GPU operates under the control of the CPU, and is responsible for executing various graphic processing operations and performing calculations using neural networks.
• the processor 70 may be one or more CPUs that have integrated GPU functionality, or one or more CPUs that do not have integrated GPU functionality.
• RAM 72 is a memory in which information is temporarily stored, and is used as a work memory by processor 70.
• NVM 74 is a non-volatile storage device that stores various programs and various parameters, etc.
• One example of NVM 74 is a flash memory (e.g., EEPROM and/or SSD). Note that flash memory is merely one example, and may be other non-volatile storage devices such as HDDs, or may be a combination of two or more types of non-volatile storage devices.
• the external I/F 68 is responsible for transmitting various types of information between devices that exist outside the control device 22 (hereinafter also referred to as "external devices") and the processor 70.
• external devices include a USB interface.
• the camera 48 is connected to the external I/F 68 as one of the external devices, and the external I/F 68 is responsible for the exchange of various information between the camera 48 provided in the endoscope 18 and the processor 70.
• the processor 70 controls the camera 48 via the external I/F 68.
• the processor 70 also acquires, via the external I/F 68, intestinal wall images 41 (see FIG. 1) obtained by imaging the inside of the subject 20 with the camera 48 provided in the endoscope 18.
• the light source device 24 is connected to the external I/F 68 as one of the external devices, and the external I/F 68 is responsible for the exchange of various information between the light source device 24 and the processor 70.
• the light source device 24 supplies light to the lighting device 50 under the control of the processor 70.
• the lighting device 50 irradiates the light supplied from the light source device 24.
• the external I/F 68 is connected to the reception device 62 as one of the external devices, and the processor 70 acquires instructions accepted by the reception device 62 via the external I/F 68 and executes processing according to the acquired instructions.
• the image processing device 25 is connected to the external I/F 68 as one of the external devices, and the processor 70 outputs the intestinal wall image 41 to the image processing device 25 via the external I/F 68.
• a procedure called ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) examination may be performed.
• ERCP examination for example, first, a duodenoscope 12 is inserted into the duodenum J via the esophagus and stomach. In this case, the insertion state of the duodenoscope 12 may be confirmed by X-ray imaging. Then, the tip 46 of the duodenoscope 12 reaches the vicinity of the duodenal papilla N (hereinafter also simply referred to as "papilla N”) present in the intestinal wall of the duodenum J.
• papilla N duodenal papilla N
• a cannula 54A is inserted from the papilla N.
• the papilla N is a part that protrudes from the intestinal wall of the duodenum J, and the openings of the ends of the bile duct T (e.g., common bile duct, intrahepatic bile duct, gall bladder duct) and pancreatic duct S are present in the papilla protuberance NA of the papilla N.
• X-rays are taken in a state in which a contrast agent is injected into the bile duct T and pancreatic duct S through the opening of the papilla N via the cannula 54A.
• a doctor 14 with little experience in ERCP examinations may refer to information related to the procedure, including the type of papilla N, but in this case too, because the doctor is concentrating on operating the duodenoscope 12, it is difficult for the doctor 14 to refer to text or notes and confirm information related to the procedure.
• medical support processing is performed by the processor 82 of the image processing device 25 to support the implementation of medical care according to the type of duodenal papilla.
• the image processing device 25 includes a computer 76, an external I/F 78, and a bus 80.
• the computer 76 includes a processor 82, an NVM 84, and a RAM 81.
• the processor 82, the NVM 84, the RAM 81, and the external I/F 78 are connected to the bus 80.
• the computer 76 is an example of a "medical support device” and a “computer” according to the technology of the present disclosure.
• the processor 82 is an example of a "processor" according to the technology of the present disclosure.
• the hardware configuration of computer 76 (i.e., processor 82, NVM 84, and RAM 81) is basically the same as the hardware configuration of computer 64 shown in FIG. 3, so a description of the hardware configuration of computer 76 will be omitted here.
• the role of external I/F 78 in image processing device 25 in terms of sending and receiving information with the outside world is basically the same as the role of external I/F 68 in control device 22 shown in FIG. 3, so a description of this role will be omitted here.
• a medical support processing program 84A is stored in the NVM 84.
• the medical support processing program 84A is an example of a "program" according to the technology of the present disclosure.
• the processor 82 reads out the medical support processing program 84A from the NVM 84 and executes the read out medical support processing program 84A on the RAM 81.
• the medical support processing is realized by the processor 82 operating as an image acquisition unit 82A, an image recognition unit 82B, a support information acquisition unit 82C, and a display control unit 82D in accordance with the medical support processing program 84A executed on the RAM 81.
• the NVM 84 stores a trained model 84B.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs AI-based image recognition processing as image recognition processing for object detection.
• the trained model 84B is optimized by performing machine learning in advance on the neural network.
• the NVM 84 stores a support information table 83. Details of the support information table 83 will be described later.
• the image acquisition unit 82A acquires an intestinal wall image 41 generated by imaging a camera 48 provided on the endoscope scope 18 at an imaging frame rate (e.g., several tens of frames per second) from the camera 48 on a frame-by-frame basis.
• an imaging frame rate e.g., several tens of frames per second
• the image acquisition unit 82A holds a time-series image group 89.
• the time-series image group 89 is a plurality of time-series intestinal wall images 41 in which the observation subject 21 is captured.
• the time-series image group 89 includes, for example, a certain number of frames (for example, a number of frames determined in advance within a range of several tens to several hundreds of frames) of intestinal wall images 41.
• the image acquisition unit 82A updates the time-series image group 89 in a FIFO manner each time it acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from the camera 48.
• time-series image group 89 is stored and updated by the image acquisition unit 82A, but this is merely one example.
• the time-series image group 89 may be stored and updated in a memory connected to the processor 82, such as the RAM 81.
• the image recognition unit 82B acquires the intestinal wall image 41 of a frame designated by the user from among the time-series image group 89 held by the image acquisition unit 82A.
• the designated frame is, for example, a frame at a time point designated by the user operating the operation unit 42.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs image recognition processing on the intestinal wall image 41 using the trained model 84B. By performing the image recognition processing, the type of papilla N included in the observation target 21 is identified.
• identifying the type of papilla N refers to a process of storing in memory in a state in which papilla type information 90 (for example, the name of the type of papilla N shown in the intestinal wall image 41) capable of identifying the type of papilla N is associated with the intestinal wall image 41.
• the papilla type information 90 is an example of "related information" related to the technology disclosed herein.
• the trained model 84B is obtained by optimizing the neural network through machine learning using training data.
• the training data is a plurality of data (i.e., a plurality of frames of data) in which example data and correct answer data are associated with each other.
• the example data is, for example, an image (for example, an image equivalent to the intestinal wall image 41) obtained by imaging a site that may be the subject of an ERCP examination (for example, the inner wall of the duodenum).
• the correct answer data is an annotation that corresponds to the example data.
• An example of correct answer data is an annotation that can identify the type of papilla N.
• each trained model 84B is created by performing machine learning specialized for the ERCP examination technique (e.g., the position of the duodenoscope 12 relative to the papilla N, etc.), and the trained model 84B corresponding to the ERCP examination technique currently being performed is selected and used by the image recognition unit 82B.
• the ERCP examination technique e.g., the position of the duodenoscope 12 relative to the papilla N, etc.
• the image recognition unit 82B inputs the intestinal wall image 41 acquired from the image acquisition unit 82A to the trained model 84B. As a result, the trained model 84B outputs papilla type information 90 corresponding to the input intestinal wall image 41. The image recognition unit 82B acquires the papilla type information 90 output from the trained model 84B.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires support information 86 according to the type of papilla N.
• the support information 86 is information provided to the user to support the procedure in the ERCP examination.
• the support information 86 includes junction type information 86A and a schema 86B.
• the junction type information 86A is determined according to the type of papilla N, and is information capable of identifying the junction type in which the bile duct and the pancreatic duct join.
• the schema 86B is an image showing the state in which the bile duct and the pancreatic duct join.
• the support information 86, the junction type information 86A, and the schema 86B are examples of "related information" according to the technology disclosed herein.
• the junction type information 86A is an example of "junction type information” according to the technology disclosed herein
• the schema 86B is an example of a "schema” according to the technology disclosed herein.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires nipple type information 90 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C also acquires a support information table 83 from the NVM 84.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires support information 86 corresponding to the nipple type information 90 using the support information table 83.
• the support information table 83 is information in which nipple type information 90, merging format information 86A, and schema 86B, which correspond to each other, are associated according to their corresponding relationships.
• the support information table 83 is, for example, a table in which nipple type information 90 is used as input information, and merging format information 86A and schema 86B corresponding to the type of nipple N are used as output information.
• FIG. 6 shows an example of an image in which the confluence type is a separation type when the type of papilla N is a separate opening type
• the schema 86B shows the bile duct and pancreatic duct separated within the papilla N.
• the support information table 83 an example of an image is shown in which the confluence type is a separation type when the type of papilla N is an onion type
• the schema 86B shows the bile duct and pancreatic duct separated within the papilla N and the pancreatic duct branched within the papilla N.
• the confluence type is a partition type when the type of papilla N is a nodular type
• the schema 86B shows the bile duct and pancreatic duct adjacent to each other at the tip side of the protrusion of the papilla N.
• the output information for the support information table 83 may be merging type information 86A alone.
• the schema 86B has the merging type information 86A as incidental information.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C then acquires a schema 86B having incidental information corresponding to the merging type information 86A based on the merging type information 86A acquired using the support information table 83.
• a support information calculation formula (not shown) may be used instead of the support information table 83.
• the support information calculation formula is a calculation formula in which a value indicating the type of nipple N is an independent variable, and a value indicating the merging type and a value indicating the schema 86B are dependent variables.
• the display control unit 82D acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from the image acquisition unit 82A.
• the display control unit 82D also acquires papilla type information 90 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the display control unit 82D further acquires support information 86 from the support information acquisition unit 82C.
• the display control unit 82D generates a display image 94 including the intestinal wall image 41, the type of papilla N indicated by the papilla type information 90, and the merging format and schema indicated by the support information 86, and outputs it to the display device 13.
• the display control unit 82D controls a GUI (Graphical User Interface) to display the display image 94, thereby causing the display device 13 to display screens 36 to 38.
• the screens 36 to 38 are examples of "screens" according to the technology disclosed herein.
• an intestinal wall image 41 is displayed on screen 36.
• a schema 86B is also displayed on screen 37.
• a message indicating the type of papilla N and a message indicating the merging format are displayed on screen 38.
• doctor 14 visually checks intestinal wall image 41 displayed on screen 36, and also visually checks schema 86B displayed on screen 37 and the message displayed on screen 38. This allows doctor 14 to use information on the type of papilla N and the merging format when inserting a cannula into papilla N.
• the intestinal wall image 41, papilla type information 90, and support information 86 are displayed on the screens 36-38 of the display device 13, this is merely one example.
• the intestinal wall image 41, papilla type information 90, and support information 86 may be displayed on a single screen. Also, the intestinal wall image 41, papilla type information 90, and support information 86 may be displayed on separate display devices 13.
• FIG. 8 shows an example of the flow of medical support processing performed by the processor 82.
• the flow of medical support processing shown in FIG. 8 is an example of a "medical support method" according to the technology of the present disclosure.
• step ST10 the image acquisition unit 82A determines whether or not the user has specified a frame in the time-series image group 89 captured by the camera 48 provided in the endoscope scope 18. If a frame has not been specified in step ST10, the determination is negative and the determination in step ST10 is made again. If a frame has been specified in step ST10, the determination is positive and the medical support process proceeds to step ST12.
• step ST12 the image acquisition unit 82A acquires the intestinal wall image 41 of the specified frame from the camera 48 provided in the endoscope 18. After the processing of step ST12 is executed, the medical support processing proceeds to step ST14.
• step ST14 the image recognition unit 82B performs AI-based image recognition processing (i.e., image recognition processing using the trained model 84B) on the intestinal wall image 41 acquired in step ST12 to detect the type of papilla N.
• AI-based image recognition processing i.e., image recognition processing using the trained model 84B
• the medical support processing proceeds to step ST16.
• step ST16 the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires the support information table 83 from the NVM 84. After the processing of step ST16 is executed, the medical support processing proceeds to step ST18.
• step ST18 the support information acquisition unit 82C uses the support information table 83 to acquire support information 86 corresponding to the type of nipple N. Specifically, the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires junction format information 86A and a schema 86B as support information 86 from the support information table 83. After the processing of step ST18 is executed, the medical support processing proceeds to step ST20.
• step ST20 the display control unit 82D generates a display image 94 that displays the intestinal wall image 41, the type of papilla N indicated by the papilla type information 90, the junction type indicated by the junction type information 86A, and a schema 86B.
• step ST20 the display control unit 82D generates a display image 94 that displays the intestinal wall image 41, the type of papilla N indicated by the papilla type information 90, the junction type indicated by the junction type information 86A, and a schema 86B.
• step ST22 the display control unit 82D outputs the display image 94 generated in step ST20 to the display device 13. After the processing of step ST22 is executed, the medical support processing proceeds to step ST24.
• step ST24 the display control unit 82D determines whether or not a condition for terminating the medical support process has been satisfied.
• a condition for terminating the medical support process is that an instruction to terminate the medical support process has been given to the duodenoscope system 10 (for example, that an instruction to terminate the medical support process has been accepted by the acceptance device 62).
• step ST24 If the conditions for terminating the medical support process are not met in step ST24, the determination is negative and the medical support process proceeds to step ST10. If the conditions for terminating the medical support process are met in step ST24, the determination is positive and the medical support process ends.
• the processor 82 performs image recognition processing on the intestinal wall image 41 using the image recognition unit 82B to identify the type of papilla N.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C then acquires support information 86 based on the papilla type information 90.
• the display control unit 82D outputs the papilla type information 90 and the support information 86 to the outside (e.g., the display device 13).
• the type of papilla N indicated by the papilla type information 90 is displayed, for example, on the display device 13 together with the intestinal wall image 41, allowing the user to grasp the type of papilla N while operating the duodenoscope 12. This configuration makes it possible to support the implementation of medical care according to the type of papilla N.
• the type of papilla N indicated by papilla type information 90, the junction type of the bile duct and pancreatic duct indicated by junction type information 86A, and a schema 86B are displayed on the display device 13.
• the user can visually confirm the various pieces of information displayed on the display device 13 while operating the duodenoscope 12.
• This configuration provides visual support for the implementation of medical care according to the type of papilla N.
• the support information 86 includes a schema 86B that is determined according to the type of papilla N.
• the schema 86B is an image that diagrammatically shows the confluence of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. This provides visual support using the schema 86B as support for the performance of medical care according to the type of papilla N.
• the support information 86 includes the schema 86B, it is possible to easily grasp information that can be used in the performance of medical care, as compared to when the support information 86 is displayed only as text, for example.
• the support information 86 includes junction type information 86A indicating the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct.
• the junction type information 86A is determined according to the type of papilla N, and is information capable of identifying the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. This allows the user to recognize the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct.
• a treatment tool such as a cannula may be inserted into the bile duct or the pancreatic duct.
• the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct affects the success or failure of the intubation. Therefore, by allowing the user to recognize the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct, support for the implementation of medical care is realized.
• the image recognition unit 82B of the processor 82 performs image recognition processing on a frame-by-frame basis to identify the type of papilla N contained in the intestinal wall image 41. This makes it possible to identify the type of papilla N with a simpler configuration than when a portion of the intestinal wall image 41 is extracted and image recognition processing is performed on the extracted image area basis.
• the type of the nipple N was identified by the image recognition processing in the image recognition unit 82B, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
• the present second embodiment as a result of the image recognition processing in the image recognition unit 82B, the type of the nipple N is classified, and further, a confidence level for each classified type of nipple N is obtained.
• the image acquisition unit 82A acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from a camera 48 provided on the endoscope scope 18.
• the image recognition unit 82B acquires the intestinal wall image 41 in a frame specified by the user.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs image recognition processing on the intestinal wall image 41 using a trained model 84C.
• the image recognition processing includes a classification processing for classifying the type of papilla N.
• the classification processing determines which of these types of papilla N it corresponds to. Then, in the classification processing, the confidence level for each type of papilla N is calculated according to the classification result of the papilla N.
• the confidence level is a statistical measure that indicates the certainty of the classification result.
• the confidence level is, for example, multiple scores (scores for each type of nipple N) that are input to an activation function (e.g., a softmax function) in the output layer of the trained model 84C.
• the trained model 84C is obtained by optimizing the neural network through machine learning using training data.
• the training data is a plurality of data (i.e., a plurality of frames of data) in which example data and correct answer data are associated with each other.
• the example data is, for example, an image (for example, an image equivalent to the intestinal wall image 41) obtained by imaging a site that may be the subject of an ERCP examination (for example, the inner wall of the duodenum).
• the correct answer data is an annotation that corresponds to the example data.
• An example of the correct answer data is the classification result of the papilla N (for example, data in which the type of papilla N is annotated as multi-label).
• the image recognition unit 82B inputs the intestinal wall image 41 acquired from the image acquisition unit 82A to the trained model 84C. As a result, the trained model 84C outputs certainty information 92 corresponding to the input intestinal wall image 41.
• the image recognition unit 82B acquires the certainty information 92 output from the trained model 84B.
• the certainty information 92 includes the certainty of each type of papilla N in the intestinal wall image 41 in which the papilla N appears.
• the certainty information 92 is an example of "certainty information" related to the technology of the present disclosure.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires certainty information 92 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires support information 86 corresponding to the type of nipple N that exhibits the highest certainty among the certainty levels indicated by the certainty information 92.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C uses the support information table 83 to acquire junction format information 86A and a schema 86B corresponding to the type of nipple N that exhibits the highest certainty.
• the display control unit 82D acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from the image acquisition unit 82A.
• the display control unit 82D also acquires confidence level information 92 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the display control unit 82D also acquires support information 86 from the support information acquisition unit 82C.
• the display control unit 82D generates a display image 94 including the intestinal wall image 41, the confidence level for each type of papilla N indicated by the confidence level information 92, and the merging format and schema indicated by the support information 86, and causes the display device 13 to display the screens 36 to 38.
• an intestinal wall image 41 is displayed on screen 36, and a schema 86B is displayed on screen 37.
• a message indicating the certainty of papilla N and a message indicating the merging type are displayed on screen 38.
• the types and certainty of papilla N are shown as separate opening type: 70%, onion type: 20%, nodular type: 5%, and villous type: 5%.
• the message for separate opening type which is the type of papilla N with the highest certainty, is displayed in a frame to distinguish it from the others.
• the doctor 14 visually checks the intestinal wall image 41 displayed on the screen 36, and further visually checks the schema 86B displayed on the screen 37 and the message displayed on the screen 38. This allows the doctor 14 to use information on the type of papilla N and the junction type when inserting a cannula into the papilla N.
• the image recognition unit 82B of the processor 82 performs image recognition processing.
• the image recognition processing includes a classification process for classifying the type of papilla N.
• the type of papilla N is classified, and confidence level information 92 indicating the confidence level for each classified type of papilla N is output from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the confidence level for each type of papilla N indicated by the confidence level information 92 is displayed on the display device 13. The user can grasp the type of papilla N and the confidence level while operating the duodenoscope 12.
• the user can grasp the confidence of the identified result and the possibility of other types of papilla N.
• This configuration can support the implementation of medical care according to the type of papilla N.
• the image acquisition unit 82A acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from a camera 48 provided on the endoscope scope 18.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs image recognition processing on the intestinal wall image 41 using a trained model 84C.
• the image recognition unit 82B inputs the intestinal wall image 41 acquired from the image acquisition unit 82A to the trained model 84C.
• the trained model 84C outputs certainty information 92 corresponding to the input intestinal wall image 41.
• the image recognition unit 82B acquires the certainty information 92 output from the trained model 84B.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires confidence level information 92 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C uses the support information table 85 to acquire occurrence frequency information 86C and a schema 86B corresponding to the type of nipple N with the highest confidence level.
• the support information table 85 is a table in which nipple type information 90, occurrence frequency information 86C, and schema 86B, which correspond to each other, are associated according to their corresponding relationships.
• the support information table 85 is a table in which the type of nipple N indicated by nipple type information 90 is used as input information, and occurrence frequency information 86C and schema 86B corresponding to the type of nipple N are used as output information.
• the frequency of occurrence of the confluence type is 2/3 septum type and 1/3 common duct type, and an example of an image of a schema 86B showing the septum type and the common duct type is shown.
• the frequency of occurrence of the confluence type is 2/3 septum type and 1/3 common duct type, and an example of an image of a schema 86B showing the septum type and the common duct type is shown.
• the frequency of occurrence of the confluence type is mostly septum type.
• the villous type and the flat type are examples of the "first papilla type" according to the technology disclosed herein.
• the output information of the support information table 85 may be only the occurrence frequency information 86C.
• the schema 86B has the occurrence frequency information 86C as incidental information.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C then acquires a schema 86B having incidental information corresponding to the occurrence frequency information 86C, based on the occurrence frequency information 86C acquired using the support information table 85.
• a support information calculation formula (not shown) may be used instead of the support information table 85.
• the support information calculation formula is a calculation formula in which the type of nipple N is an independent variable, and the occurrence frequency information 86C and the schema 86B are dependent variables.
• the display control unit 82D acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from the image acquisition unit 82A.
• the display control unit 82D also acquires confidence level information 92 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the display control unit 82D also acquires support information 86 from the support information acquisition unit 82C.
• the display control unit 82D generates a display image 94 including the intestinal wall image 41, the confidence level for each type of papilla N indicated by the confidence level information 92, and the occurrence frequency and schema 86B of the merging type indicated by the support information 86, and causes the display device 13 to display the screens 36 to 38.
• an intestinal wall image 41 is displayed on screen 36, and a schema 86B is displayed on screen 37.
• schema 86B includes an image showing a septum type and an image showing a common duct type.
• the upper left corner of the image showing the septum type displays the frequency of occurrence of 2/3
• the upper left corner of the image showing the common duct type displays the frequency of occurrence of 1/3.
• a message indicating the certainty of papilla N and a message indicating the merging type are displayed on screen 38.
• the message indicating the merging type indicates that the merging type is either the septum type or the common duct type.
• the doctor 14 visually checks the intestinal wall image 41 displayed on the screen 36, and further visually checks the schema 86B displayed on the screen 37 and the message displayed on the screen 38. This allows the doctor 14 to use information on the type of papilla N and the frequency of occurrence of the merging type when inserting a cannula into the papilla N.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C of the processor 82 acquires occurrence frequency information 86C and schema 86B indicating the occurrence frequency of the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct using the support information table 85.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C then outputs the occurrence frequency information 86C and schema 86B as support information 86.
• the occurrence frequency and schema 86B indicated by the occurrence frequency information 86C are displayed on the display device 13.
• the user can grasp the type of papilla N and the occurrence frequency of the junction type while operating the duodenoscope 12. This can contribute to the realization of a highly accurate judgment by the user when the user visually judges the type of papilla N.
• the occurrence frequency information 86C includes information indicating the occurrence frequency of each junction type (e.g., 2/3 partition type and 1/3 common duct type).
• the schema 86B also shows the occurrence frequency together with an image showing the junction type.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C outputs the occurrence frequency information 86C and the schema 86B, and a message indicating the occurrence frequency of the junction type of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct and the schema 86B are displayed on the display device 13.
• the user can grasp the type of papilla N and the occurrence frequency of the junction type while operating the duodenoscope 12. This can contribute to realizing a highly accurate judgment by the user when the user visually judges the type of papilla N to be one of multiple junction types.
• the multiple junction types are septum type or common duct type.
• the occurrence frequency of the junction type is 2/3 septum type and 1/3 common duct type, and an example of an image in which the schema 86B shows the septum type and common duct type is shown.
• the occurrence frequency of the junction type is 2/3 septum type and 1/3 common duct type, and an example of an image in which the schema 86B shows the septum type and common duct type is shown. This can contribute to realizing a highly accurate judgment by the user when visually judging whether the junction type of a villous or flat papilla is the septum type or the common duct type.
• the display control unit 82D acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from the image acquisition unit 82A.
• the display control unit 82D also acquires confidence level information 92 from the image recognition unit 82B.
• the display control unit 82D further acquires support information 86 from the support information acquisition unit 82C.
• the support information 86 includes auxiliary information 86D.
• the auxiliary information 86D is information that assists in medical treatment, and the medical treatment here is treatment performed on the confluence of the bile duct and pancreatic duct that is determined according to the type of papilla N.
• auxiliary information 86D is provided to assist in the medical procedure, making it easier for the user to perform the medical procedure.
• Auxiliary information 86D is an example of "auxiliary information" related to the technology disclosed herein.
• the auxiliary information 86D may be set as an output value of the support information table 85 (see FIG. 11), for example, or may be input in advance by the user.
• the content of the assistance indicated by the auxiliary information 86D may be, for example, information regarding the amount of insertion when inserting a cannula, or information regarding the method of insertion, etc.
• the display control unit 82D generates a display image 94 including the intestinal wall image 41, the certainty indicated by the certainty information 92, and the auxiliary content indicated by the auxiliary information 86D, and causes the display device 13 to display the screens 36 to 38.
• the screen 37 displays a message indicating the auxiliary content together with the schema 86B. In the example shown in FIG. 13, the message “Start with shallow intubation" is displayed as the auxiliary content.
• the support information 86 includes auxiliary information 86D, which is information for assisting medical procedures performed for a junction type determined according to the type of papilla N.
• the auxiliary information 86D is output from the support information acquisition unit 82C.
• a message of the support content indicated by the support information 86 is displayed on the display device 13. While operating the duodenoscope 12, the user can grasp the type of papilla N and the support content available for medical procedures for the junction type. This can contribute to the accurate implementation of medical procedures for the junction type determined according to the type of papilla N.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C of the processor 82 outputs auxiliary information 86D when there are multiple junction types of the bile duct and pancreatic duct corresponding to the type of papilla N. This can contribute to the accurate implementation of medical procedures for the junction type, even when there are multiple junction types for the type of papilla N.
• the image recognition process is performed on the entire intestinal wall image 41 to identify the type of the papilla N, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
• the type identification process is performed after the papilla detection process is performed on the intestinal wall image 41.
• the image acquisition unit 82A acquires an intestinal wall image 41 from a camera 48 provided on the endoscope 18.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs image recognition processing on the intestinal wall image 41.
• the image recognition processing includes a nipple detection processing, which is a processing for detecting an area indicating a nipple N in the intestinal wall image 41, and a type identification processing, which is a processing for identifying the type of the nipple N.
• the nipple detection processing is an example of a "first image recognition processing" related to the technology of the present disclosure
• the type identification processing is an example of a "second image recognition processing" related to the technology of the present disclosure.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs a nipple detection process on the intestinal wall image 41.
• the image recognition unit 82B inputs the intestinal wall image 41 acquired from the image acquisition unit 82A to the trained model for nipple detection 84D.
• the trained model for nipple detection 84D outputs nipple region information 93 corresponding to the input intestinal wall image 41.
• the nipple region information 93 is information that can identify the region indicating the nipple N in the intestinal wall image 41 (for example, the position coordinates within the image of the region indicating the nipple N).
• the image recognition unit 82B acquires the nipple region information 93 output from the trained model for nipple detection 84D.
• the trained model 84D for papilla detection is obtained by optimizing the neural network through machine learning using training data.
• the training data may be a plurality of images (e.g., a plurality of images corresponding to a plurality of intestinal wall images 41 in a time series) obtained by imaging a region that may be the subject of an ERCP examination (e.g., the inner wall of the duodenum) as example data, and the papilla region information 93 as correct answer data.
• the image recognition unit 82B performs type identification processing on the area of the nipple N indicated by the nipple area information 93.
• the image recognition unit 82B inputs an image showing the nipple N identified by the nipple detection processing to the trained model for type identification 84E.
• the trained model for type identification 84E outputs nipple type information 90 based on the input image showing the nipple N.
• the image recognition unit 82B acquires the nipple type information 90 output from the trained model for type identification 84E.
• the trained model 84E for type identification is obtained by optimizing the neural network through machine learning performed on the neural network using training data.
• the training data is a plurality of data (i.e., a plurality of frames of data) in which example data and correct answer data are associated with each other.
• the example data is, for example, an image (for example, an image equivalent to the intestinal wall image 41) obtained by imaging a site that may be the subject of an ERCP examination (for example, the inner wall of the duodenum).
• the correct answer data is an annotation that corresponds to the example data.
• One example of correct answer data is an annotation that can identify the type of papilla N.
• a papilla N is detected using the trained model for papilla detection 84D and the type of papilla N is identified using the trained model for type identification 84E
• the technology disclosed herein is not limited to this.
• a single trained model may be used to detect a papilla N and identify the type of papilla N in the intestinal wall image 41.
• the support information acquisition unit 82C acquires support information 86 according to the type of papilla N.
• the display control unit 82D (see FIG. 7) generates a display image 94 including the intestinal wall image 41, the type of papilla N indicated by the papilla type information 90, and the merging format and schema 86B indicated by the support information 86, and outputs it to the display device 13.
• image recognition processing is performed in the image recognition unit 82B of the processor 82.
• the image recognition processing includes a nipple detection processing and a type identification processing.
• the type of nipple N is identified for the nipple N identified by the nipple detection processing, and the accuracy of identifying the type of nipple N is improved compared to when the type identification processing is performed on the entire intestinal wall image 41.
• the papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall image 41, etc. are output to the display device 13 and displayed on the screens 36 to 38 of the display device 13, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
• the papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall image 41, etc. may be output to an electronic medical record server 100.
• the electronic medical record server 100 is a server for storing electronic medical record information 102 that indicates the results of medical treatment for patients.
• the electronic medical record information 102 includes the papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall image 41, etc.
• the electronic medical record server 100 is connected to the duodenoscope system 10 via a network 104.
• the electronic medical record server 100 acquires intestinal wall images 41 from the duodenoscope system 10.
• the electronic medical record server 100 stores papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall images 41, etc. as part of the medical results indicated by electronic medical record information 102.
• the electronic medical record server 100 is an example of an "external device" according to the technology of the present disclosure, and the electronic medical record information 102 is an example of a "medical record” according to the technology of the present disclosure.
• the electronic medical record server 100 is also connected to terminals other than the duodenoscope system 10 (for example, personal computers installed in a medical facility) via a network 104.
• a user such as a doctor 14 can obtain the papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall images 41, etc. stored in the electronic medical record server 100 via a terminal.
• the papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall images 41, etc. are stored in the electronic medical record server 100, the user can obtain the papilla type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall images 41, etc.
• the nipple type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall image 41, etc. are output to the display device 13, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
• the nipple type information 90, support information 86, intestinal wall image 41, etc. may be output to an audio output device such as a speaker (not shown), or may be output to a printing device such as a printer (not shown).
• AI-based image recognition processing is performed on the intestinal wall image 41, but the technology disclosed herein is not limited to this.
• a pattern matching-based image recognition processing may be performed.
• the medical support processing is performed by the processor 82 of the computer 76 included in the image processing device 25, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
• the medical support processing may be performed by the processor 70 of the computer 64 included in the control device 22.
• the device performing the medical support processing may be provided outside the duodenoscope 12. Examples of devices provided outside the duodenoscope 12 include at least one server and/or at least one personal computer that are communicatively connected to the duodenoscope 12.
• the medical support processing may be distributed and performed by multiple devices.
• the medical support processing program 84A is stored in the NVM 84, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
• the medical support processing program 84A may be stored in a portable non-transitory storage medium such as an SSD or USB memory.
• the medical support processing program 84A stored in the non-transitory storage medium is installed in the computer 76 of the duodenoscope 12.
• the processor 82 executes the medical support processing in accordance with the medical support processing program 84A.
• the medical support processing program 84A may also be stored in a storage device such as another computer or server connected to the duodenoscope 12 via a network, and the medical support processing program 84A may be downloaded and installed in the computer 76 in response to a request from the duodenoscope 12.
• processors listed below can be used as hardware resources for executing medical support processing.
• An example of a processor is a CPU, which is a general-purpose processor that functions as a hardware resource for executing medical support processing by executing software, i.e., a program.
• Another example of a processor is a dedicated electrical circuit, which is a processor with a circuit configuration designed specifically for executing specific processing, such as an FPGA, PLD, or ASIC. All of these processors have built-in or connected memory, and all of these processors execute medical support processing by using the memory.
• the hardware resource that executes the medical support processing may be composed of one of these various processors, or may be composed of a combination of two or more processors of the same or different types (e.g., a combination of multiple FPGAs, or a combination of a CPU and an FPGA). Also, the hardware resource that executes the medical support processing may be a single processor.
• a configuration using a single processor first, there is a configuration in which one processor is configured using a combination of one or more CPUs and software, and this processor functions as a hardware resource that executes medical support processing. Secondly, there is a configuration in which a processor is used that realizes the functions of the entire system, including multiple hardware resources that execute medical support processing, on a single IC chip, as typified by SoCs. In this way, medical support processing is realized using one or more of the various processors listed above as hardware resources.
• the hardware structure of these various processors can be an electric circuit that combines circuit elements such as semiconductor elements.
• the above medical support process is merely one example. It goes without saying that unnecessary steps can be deleted, new steps can be added, and the processing order can be changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
• a and/or B is synonymous with “at least one of A and B.”
• a and/or B means that it may be just A, or just B, or a combination of A and B.
• the same concept as “A and/or B” is also applied when three or more things are expressed by linking them with “and/or.”

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