WO2024093152A1 - 一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法 - Google Patents

一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法 Download PDF

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WO2024093152A1
WO2024093152A1 PCT/CN2023/088718 CN2023088718W WO2024093152A1 WO 2024093152 A1 WO2024093152 A1 WO 2024093152A1 CN 2023088718 W CN2023088718 W CN 2023088718W WO 2024093152 A1 WO2024093152 A1 WO 2024093152A1
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voltage
power grid
nodes
power
sending
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张哲任
刘文韬
董怡滟
徐政
黄莹
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/26—Pc applications
    • G05B2219/2619—Wind turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission and distribution of electric power systems, and in particular relates to a distributed voltage clamping method for a 100% new energy sending-end power grid.
  • 100% renewable energy power generation base has obvious power electronics features.
  • DC transmission technologies there are two DC transmission technologies: the first is conventional DC transmission technology, but conventional DC has high requirements for the short-circuit ratio of the power grid, DC blocking will cause serious power frequency overvoltage, and black start of the power grid at the sending end under island conditions; the other is conventional DC transmission technology.
  • One is the flexible direct current transmission technology. Flexible direct current does not require synchronous machine power supply support, can provide a stable voltage and frequency reference for the 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid, and can provide black start power supply, which is more suitable for the transmission of 100% renewable energy power generation bases with complex and changeable operating conditions. So far, the offshore wind farms that have been put into operation basically use the flexible direct current transmission system (MMC-HVDC) based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) for transmission.
  • MMC-HVDC flexible direct current transmission system
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • the AC system level of the sending end of the 100% renewable energy power generation base is more, which may include multiple voltage levels such as 35kV, 110kV, 220kV or 500kV;
  • the area occupied by the 100% renewable energy power generation base is getting larger and larger, and the offshore wind farm can reach hundreds of square kilometers, while the onshore 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid can reach tens of thousands of square kilometers.
  • the present invention provides a distributed voltage clamping method for a 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid.
  • the method is simple to implement and has strong versatility. It can improve the operating stability of the 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid and has great use value in practical projects.
  • a distributed voltage clamping method for a 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid comprises the following steps:
  • the 100% new energy sending-end power grid includes multiple new energy stations, which may be photovoltaic power stations, onshore wind farms or offshore wind farms. After the new energy stations are connected to the AC system, they are boosted multiple times and then collected at the sending-end rectifier station.
  • step (1) for all nodes in the power grid (i.e., AC busbars), there are multiple groups of voltage levels of these nodes (such as 35kV, 110kV, 220kV or 500kV, etc.), and several nodes are selected from the nodes with the second highest voltage level as the key nodes.
  • voltage levels of these nodes such as 35kV, 110kV, 220kV or 500kV, etc.
  • the dynamic reactive power compensation device installed in the step (2) adopts a fixed AC voltage effective value control, and the command value of the AC voltage effective value can be adjusted according to the operation mode so that it is controlled between 0.95 and 1.05 p.u.
  • step (3) includes the following two:
  • Typical working condition 1 When the power grid is sound or N-1 fault occurs, the power of the new energy station changes;
  • Typical operating condition 2 When the power of all renewable energy stations in the power grid jumps to 0.
  • step (3) Furthermore, the verification requirements in step (3) are as follows:
  • the verification requirements are: the capacity of the dynamic reactive power compensation device does not exceed the limit and the voltage of all nodes of the power grid is between 0.95 and 1.05 pu.
  • the capacity does not exceed the limit, which means that the reactive power injected by the dynamic reactive power compensation device to the corresponding key node does not exceed its own capacity under the premise of maintaining the voltage of the key node at the command value;
  • the verification requirement is: the effective value of the transient voltage of all nodes in the power grid does not exceed 1.3p.u.
  • step (3) the method of selecting key nodes in step (3) is as follows: when the power grid cannot meet the verification requirements, a number of nodes are selected from the power grid in order of voltage level from high to low as key nodes, and dynamic reactive power compensation devices are installed for the selected key nodes until the power grid meets the verification requirements.
  • the command value of the effective value of the AC voltage of the dynamic reactive power compensation device can be determined by using a voltage-reactive power droop control algorithm.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the distributed voltage clamping method proposed in the present invention is based on the local control of the dynamic reactive power compensation device on the AC busbars of different voltage levels.
  • the method is simple to implement and has high reliability, and can provide a certain reference for future engineering design.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid through a flexible direct current transmission system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of a distributed voltage clamping method for a 100% renewable energy sending-end power grid according to the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a simulation waveform of the effective value of the AC voltage of a 35 kV busbar of a new energy plant in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a simulation waveform of the effective value of the AC voltage of the 220 kV voltage clamped busbar according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a simulation waveform of an effective value of an AC voltage of a 500 kV high-voltage busbar in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the distributed voltage clamping method of the 100% new energy sending-end power grid of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the 100% new energy sending-end power grid described in the present invention includes multiple new energy sites, wherein the new energy sites can be photovoltaic power stations, onshore wind farms and offshore wind farms; after the new energy sites are connected to the AC system, they are boosted multiple times and then collected at the sending-end rectifier station.
  • the voltage levels of the nodes are 35kV, 110kV, 220kV or 500kV, etc.
  • the key nodes are selected starting from the AC bus with the second highest voltage level.
  • Dynamic reactive power compensation devices (denoted as D 1 to D m ) are installed on nodes N 1 to N m . All dynamic reactive power compensation devices are controlled by a constant AC voltage effective value, and their AC voltage effective value command values are U 1 * to U m *, respectively.
  • the AC voltage effective value command values U 1 * ⁇ U m * of the dynamic reactive power compensation device can be adjusted according to the operation mode, for example, by adopting a voltage-reactive power droop control method to control the voltage of the key node within 0.95 ⁇ 1.05pu.
  • the verification requires that the capacity of the dynamic reactive power compensation device does not exceed the limit and the per-unit value of each AC bus voltage is between 0.95 and 1.05 p.u.
  • the verification requires that the effective value of the transient voltage of each AC bus does not exceed 1.3p.u.
  • the 100% new energy sending-end power grid in this embodiment can be divided into 8 regions according to geographical location.
  • Each region is equivalent to an aggregated photovoltaic power station connected to a 35kV AC system.
  • the rated power of the aggregated photovoltaic power station is equal to the sum of the rated powers of all photovoltaic power stations in the region, which is assumed to be 500MW in this example.
  • the 8 equivalent aggregated photovoltaic power stations are connected to 3 220kV AC busbars after boosting, and then transmitted to 3 220kV substations through a double-circuit AC line of about 10km to boost to 500kV.
  • Each 500kV busbar is collected to a 500kV flexible direct current converter station through a double-circuit AC line of about 50km.
  • the specific implementation process is as follows:
  • All 220 kV AC busbars of the next highest voltage level are selected as clamping nodes (denoted as N 1 to N 6 ).
  • Dynamic reactive power compensation devices (denoted as STATCOM 1 to STATCOM 6 ) are installed at all clamping nodes. All dynamic reactive power compensation devices adopt constant AC voltage effective value control.
  • the AC voltage effective value command values U 1 * to U 6 * are all set to 1.0 pu in this example.
  • the typical operating conditions of power changes of various new energy sites of the sound system and the AC line N-1 system are checked; the selected typical operating conditions of power changes of new energy sites include 18 situations of full power generation and no power generation of photovoltaic power stations, including: all photovoltaic power stations generate full power, a single aggregated photovoltaic power station generates no power and other aggregated photovoltaic power stations generate full power (8 types), all photovoltaic power stations generate no power, a single aggregated photovoltaic power station generates full power and other aggregated photovoltaic power stations generate no power (8 types).
  • the simulation model of the new energy system shown in Figure 1 was built in the electromechanical transient simulation software PSS/E.
  • the Newton-Raphson method was used to calculate 18 typical operating conditions under a sound system and 216 typical operating conditions when 12 AC lines appeared in N-1 in sequence, and the maximum reactive power required to maintain the voltage of each key node N 1 to N 6 at 1.0pu under 234 operating conditions was obtained.
  • the maximum reactive power required for each key node N 1 to N 6 did not exceed the capacity of the corresponding dynamic reactive compensation device STATCOM 1 to STATCOM 6 , and the verification of the power change of the new energy station passed.
  • a transient model was built in the electromechanical transient simulation software PSS/E to test the transient effect of the distributed clamping control strategy of the present invention.
  • PSS/E electromechanical transient simulation software
  • Figure 3 shows the simulation results of the effective value of the 35kV bus AC voltage of the new energy plant
  • Figure 4 shows the effective value of the 220kV clamped bus AC voltage.
  • Figure 5 shows the simulation results of the effective value of the AC voltage of the 500kV high-voltage busbar.
  • the distributed voltage clamping control strategy of the present invention can control the transient overvoltage at the outlet of the renewable energy plant within 1.08pu, the transient overvoltage at the 220kV clamped busbar within 1.04pu, and the transient overvoltage at the 500kV collecting busbar within 1.06pu.
  • the system will not experience serious overvoltage and instability, and the new energy power step verification is passed, that is, the simulation proves the effectiveness of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法，包括：(1)选择100％新能源送端电网中的关键节点，包括关键节点的电压等级和位置；(2)在关键节点上安装动态无功补偿装置，所有动态无功补偿装置采用定交流电压有效值控制，其交流电压有效值指令值可以根据运行方式而改变；(3)根据典型工况下的送端系统的交流电压的变化情况，校核所选关键节点能否满足要求，如果无法满足要求，则增选更多关键节点。本发明控制方法实施简单、可靠性高，能为未来工程设计提供一定的参考，通用性强，理论上适用于多种拓扑结构的100％新能源送端电网，通过钳位关键节点的电压提升送端电网电压稳定性，在实际工程中有巨大的应用价值。

Description

一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力系统输配电技术领域，具体涉及一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法。
背景技术
2021～2025年期间，我国将大力推进清洁能源的开发，重点建设新疆、河西走廊、黄河上游和几字湾、金沙江上游和下游、雅砻江流域、冀北、松辽等九个大型陆上清洁能源基地。此外，我国将大力推进海上风电基地建设，加快推动海上风电集群化开发，重点建设山东半岛、长三角、闽南、粤东和北部湾五大千万千瓦级海上风电基地。
统筹推进陆上风电和光伏发电基地建设，积极推进深远海海上风电开发，对于推动我国电力资源优化配置，助力我国能源清洁低碳升级转型。对于陆上大规模新能源基地而言，其主要分布在我国的“三北”地区和西南地区，而能源消费中心位于中东部地区，因此需要采用特高压直流输电技术对新能源进行远距离外送。对于海上风电而言，研究表明，近海小规模风电场，交流输电、低频输电更具经济优势；对于远海大规模风电集群直流输电方式技术经济性更强。因此，无论是陆上大规模新能源发电基地还是大规模远海风电集群，均需要研究直流送出的技术。
100％新能源发电基地电力电子化特征明显，理论上存在两种直流送出技术：第一种是常规直流输电技术，但是常规直流对电网短路比要求较高、直流闭锁会引发严重工频过电压、孤岛条件下送端电网存在黑启动等问题；另 一种是柔性直流输电技术，柔性直流无需同步机电源支撑，能为100％新能源送端电网提供稳定的电压和频率基准，并能提供黑启动电源，更适用于运行工况复杂多变的100％新能源发电基地送出。截至目前，已投产的远海风电场基本采用基于模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的柔性直流输电系统(MMC-HVDC)送出。
随着100％新能源发电基地规模的不断扩大，新能源基地呈现出两个突出的特点：①100％新能源发电基地送端交流系统等级较多，可能包含35kV、110kV、220kV或500kV等多个电压等级；②100％新能源发电基地占据面积越来越大，海上风电场可以达到数百平方公里，而陆上100％新能源送端电网更是可以达到数万平方公里。上述两点因素导致100％新能源发电基地经柔性直流送出系统中送端换流站和新能源场站之间电气距离较远，送端整流站对100％新能源送端电网的电压控制范围有限，新能源场站并网点较弱的电压支撑强度可能会导致送端电网稳定性问题。
到目前为止，已公开的绝大多数文献并未详细考虑送端电网的多电压等级和长距离线路；为了提升100％新能源送端电网的运行稳定性，进一步发挥100％新能源基地的技术经济性优势，很有必要对100％新能源送端电网的电压控制方法进行研究。
发明内容
鉴于上述，本发明提供了一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法，该方法实施简单，通用性强，能够提升100％新能源送端电网的运行稳定性，在实际工程中有巨大的使用价值。
一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)从100％新能源送端电网中选取关键节点；
(2)在各关键节点上安装动态无功补偿装置；
(3)根据典型工况下节点电压的变化情况，判断电网是否满足校核要求，若不满足则增选更多的关键节点安装动态无功补偿装置，直至电网满足校核要求。
进一步地，所述100％新能源送端电网包含有多个新能源场站，所述新能源场站可以是光伏电站、陆上风电场或海上风电场，新能源场站接入交流系统后经过多次升压后汇集至送端整流站。
进一步地，所述步骤(1)对于电网中的所有节点(即交流母线)，这些节点的电压等级总共有多组(如35kV、110kV、220kV或500kV等)，从次高电压等级的节点中选取若干节点即作为所述的关键节点。
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中安装的动态无功补偿装置采用定交流电压有效值控制，其交流电压有效值的指令值可根据运行方式进行调整，使其控制在0.95～1.05p.u.之间。
进一步地，所述步骤(3)中的典型工况包括以下两种：
典型工况1：电网健全或发生N-1故障情况下新能源场站功率变化时；
典型工况2：电网中所有新能源场站功率阶跃至0时。
进一步地，所述步骤(3)中的校核要求如下：
对应典型工况1下，校核要求为：动态无功补偿装置的容量不越限且电网所有节点电压在0.95～1.05p.u.之间，所述容量不越限即要求在维持关键节点电压为指令值前提下动态无功补偿装置向对应关键节点注入的无功功率不超过其自身容量；
对应典型工况2下，校核要求为：电网所有节点的暂态电压有效值不超过1.3p.u.。
进一步地，所述步骤(3)中增选关键节点的方式为：当电网不能满足校核要求时，则按电压等级从高到低的顺序从电网中增选若干节点作为关键节点，并为增选的关键节点安装动态无功补偿装置，直至电网满足校核要求。
进一步地，所述动态无功补偿装置交流电压有效值的指令值可采用电压-无功下垂控制算法确定。
基于上述技术方案，本发明具有以下有益技术效果：
1.本发明提出的分布式电压钳位方法基于不同电压等级交流母线上的动态无功补偿装置的本地控制，该方法实施简单、可靠性高，能为未来工程设计提供一定的参考。
2.本发明通用性强，理论上适用于多种拓扑结构的100％新能源送端电网，通过不同电压等级交流母线电压钳位控制提升送端电网电压稳定性，在实际工程中有巨大的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中100％新能源送端电网经柔直送出系统的结构示意图。
图2为本发明100％新能源送端电网分布式电压钳位方法的流程示意图。
图3为本发明实施例中新能源厂站35kV母线交流电压有效值的仿真波形示意图。
图4为本发明实施例中220kV电压钳位母线交流电压有效值的仿真波形 示意图。
图5为本发明实施例中500kV高压汇集母线交流电压有效值的仿真波形示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更为具体地描述本发明，下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
如图2所示，本发明100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选择100％新能源送端电网中的关键节点，包括关键节点的电压等级和位置，所有关键节点依次编号为N1～Nm。
本发明中所述的100％新能源送端电网包含有多个新能源场站，其中新能源场站可以是光伏电站、陆上风电场以及海上风电场；新能源场站接入交流系统后经过多次升压后汇集至送端整流站。
节点的电压等级有35kV、110kV、220kV或500kV等，关键节点从次高电压等级的交流母线开始选取。
(2)在节点N1～Nm上安装动态无功补偿装置(记为D1～Dm)，所有动态无功补偿装置采用定交流电压有效值控制，其交流电压有效值指令值分别为U1*～Um*。
动态无功补偿装置的交流电压有效值指令值U1*～Um*可以根据运行方式进行调整，例如采用电压-无功下垂控制方法等，将关键节点的电压控制在0.95～1.05p.u.。
(3)根据典型工况下的送端系统的交流电压的变化情况，校核所选关键节点能否满足要求，如果无法满足要求，则增选更多关键节点。
当典型工况为健全系统与交流线路N-1系统下新能源场站功率的变化时，校核要求动态无功补偿装置的容量不越限且各交流母线电压标幺值在0.95～1.05p.u.之间。
当典型工况为新能源功率的阶跃至0时，校核要求各交流母线暂态电压有效值不超过1.3p.u.。
增选关键节点时，从次高电压等级的交流母线开始选取，如果能够满足校核的要求，则仅选择次高电压等级；当关键节点仅仅选择次高电压等级的交流母线不能满足校核的要求时，则增选最高电压等级母线作为关键节点；如果仍无法满足校核要求，则增选次次高电压等级母线作为关键节点。
如图1所示，本实施例中的100％新能源送端电网根据地理位置的可以划分为8个区域，每个区域等效为一个聚合的光伏电站接入35kV交流系统，该聚合光伏电站的额定功率等于该区域所有光伏电站的额定功率之和，本实例中均假定为500MW。8个等效的聚合光伏电站经过升压分别接到3个220kV的交流母线上，再通过10km左右的双回交流线路输送至3个220kV的变电站升压至500kV，各500kV汇流母线分别通过50km左右的双回交流线路汇集到500kV的柔直换流站，具体实施过程如下：
(1)选取次高电压等级所有220kV的交流母线作为钳位节点(记为N1～N6)，所有钳位节点安装动态无功补偿装置(记为STATCOM1～STATCOM6)，所有动态无功补偿装置采用定交流电压有效值控制，其交流电压有效值指令值U1*～U6*在本示例中均设为1.0p.u.。
(2)对送端交流电网的各个节点的类型进行设置，将钳位节点(N1～N6)设置为PV节点，送端柔直换流站的交流母线设置为平衡节点，其余交流母线设置为PQ节点；送端柔直站采用定V/f控制，受端柔直站采用定直流电压和定交流无功功率控制。
(3)通过潮流计算，对健全系统与交流线路N-1系统的各种新能源场站功率变化的典型工况进行校核；选取的新能源场站功率变化的典型工况共包含光伏电站满发功率和不发功率的18种情形，具体包括：所有光伏电站满发功率、单个聚合光伏电站不发功率且其他聚合光伏电站满发功率(8种)、所有光伏电站不发功率、单个聚合光伏电站满发功率且其他聚合光伏电站不发功率(8种)。
(4)通过暂态仿真，对新能源功率阶跃的工况进行校核；新能源功率阶跃的工况为所有光伏电站由满发功率骤降为不发功率。
本实施例中的系统参数如表1所示：
表1

在机电暂态仿真软件PSS/E中搭建图1所示的新能源系统的仿真模型，通过采用牛顿拉夫逊法分别计算健全系统下18种典型工况以及12条交流线路依次出现N-1情况下的216种典型工况，得出234种工况下将N1～N6各个关键节点电压维持在1.0p.u.所需的最大无功功率。如表2所示，N1～N6各个关键节点所需最大无功功率均未超过相应动态无功补偿装置STATCOM1～STATCOM6的容量，新能源场站功率变化的校核通过。
表2
在机电暂态仿真软件PSS/E中搭建暂态模型，测试本发明分布式钳位控制策略的暂态效果。在t＝2.0s之前，所有光伏电站均运行在光照强度为1000W/m2条件下的功率满发状态；假设t＝2.0s时，所有光伏电站的光照全部降为0W/m2，以此模拟光伏电站所面临的最为严苛的情况。图3给出了新能源厂站35kV母线交流电压有效值的仿真结果，图4给出了220kV钳位母线交流电压有效 值的仿真结果，图5给出了500kV高压汇集母线交流电压有效值的仿真结果；由图可见，仿真结果表明在新能源出力大范围波动时，本发明分布式电压钳位控制策略可以将新能源厂站出口暂态过电压控制1.08p.u.以内，将220kV钳位母线暂态过电压控制1.04p.u.以内，将500kV汇集母线暂态过电压控制1.06p.u.以内，系统不会出现严重的过电压以及失稳，新能源功率阶跃校核通过，即仿真证明了本发明的有效性。
上述对实施例的描述是为便于本技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对上述实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，对于本发明做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种100％新能源送端电网的分布式电压钳位方法，包括如下步骤：
    (1)从100％新能源送端电网中选取关键节点；
    (2)在各关键节点上安装动态无功补偿装置；
    (3)根据典型工况下节点电压的变化情况，判断电网是否满足校核要求，若不满足则增选更多的关键节点安装动态无功补偿装置，直至电网满足校核要求。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述100％新能源送端电网包含有多个新能源场站，所述新能源场站可以是光伏电站、陆上风电场或海上风电场，新能源场站接入交流系统后经过多次升压后汇集至送端整流站。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)对于电网中的所有节点，这些节点的电压等级总共有多组，从次高电压等级的节点中选取若干节点即作为所述的关键节点。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中安装的动态无功补偿装置采用定交流电压有效值控制，其交流电压有效值的指令值可根据运行方式进行调整，使其控制在0.95～1.05p.u.之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中的典型工况包括以下两种：
    典型工况1：电网健全或发生N-1故障情况下新能源场站功率变化时；
    典型工况2：电网中所有新能源场站功率阶跃至0时。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中的校核要求如下：
    对应典型工况1下，校核要求为：动态无功补偿装置的容量不越限且电 网所有节点电压在0.95～1.05p.u.之间，所述容量不越限即要求在维持关键节点电压为指令值前提下动态无功补偿装置向对应关键节点注入的无功功率不超过其自身容量；
    对应典型工况2下，校核要求为：电网所有节点的暂态电压有效值不超过1.3p.u.。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中增选关键节点的方式为：当电网不能满足校核要求时，则按电压等级从高到低的顺序从电网中增选若干节点作为关键节点，并为增选的关键节点安装动态无功补偿装置，直至电网满足校核要求。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的分布式电压钳位方法，其特征在于：所述动态无功补偿装置交流电压有效值的指令值可采用电压-无功下垂控制算法确定。
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