WO2024092011A1 - Agents de dégradation d'irak et leurs utilisations - Google Patents

Agents de dégradation d'irak et leurs utilisations Download PDF

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WO2024092011A1
WO2024092011A1 PCT/US2023/077743 US2023077743W WO2024092011A1 WO 2024092011 A1 WO2024092011 A1 WO 2024092011A1 US 2023077743 W US2023077743 W US 2023077743W WO 2024092011 A1 WO2024092011 A1 WO 2024092011A1
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nitrogen
oxygen
sulfur
independently selected
ring
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PCT/US2023/077743
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English (en)
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Lewis Dale Pennington
Eamon Comer
Melissa FORD
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Kymera Therapeutics, Inc.
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Publication of WO2024092011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024092011A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds and methods useful for the modulation of one or more interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (“IRAK”) via ubiquitination and/or degradation by compounds according to the present invention.
  • IRAK interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of the present invention and methods of using said compositions in the treatment of various disorders.
  • Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway or Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
  • UPP is central to multiple cellular processes, and if defective or imbalanced, it leads to pathogenesis of a variety of diseases.
  • the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to specific protein substrates is achieved through the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases.
  • Cullin RING E3 ligases are the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases.
  • cullin serves as a scaffold to bind small RING finger protein ROC1 or ROC2 (RBX1 or RBX2) through a C-terminal domain and a linker-substrate receptor dimer or a substrate receptor directly through an N-terminal domain.
  • Mammalian cells express nine distinct cullins, including two cullin 4 (CUL4) proteins: CUL4A and CUL4B, which use DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) as the linker.
  • CUL4A and CUL4B which use DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) as the linker.
  • DDB1 bridges the interaction between CUL4 and a subset of DDB1 binding WD40 repeat proteins (DWD or DCAFs for DDB1 cullin associated factors).
  • DCAF proteins function as substrate receptors to target specific substrates to the CRL4 E3 complexes.
  • DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 1 or DCAF1 also known as VprBP.
  • the UPP is used to induce selective protein degradation, including use of fusion proteins to artificially ubiquitinate target proteins and synthetic small-molecule probes to induce proteasome- dependent degradation.
  • Bifunctional compounds composed of a target protein-binding ligand and an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand, induced proteasome-mediated degradation of selected proteins via their recruitment to E3 ubiquitin ligase and subsequent ubiquitination.
  • Such compounds are capable of inducing the inactivation of a protein of interest upon addition to cells or administration to an animal or human, and could be useful as biochemical reagents and lead to a new paradigm for the treatment of diseases by removing pathogenic or oncogenic proteins (Crews C, Chemistry & Biology, 2010, 17(6):551-555; Schnnekloth JS Jr., Chembiochem, 2005, 6(l):40-46). [0006]
  • non-specific effects, and the inability to target and modulate certain classes of proteins altogether, such as transcription factors remain as obstacles to the development of effective anti-cancer agents.
  • IRAK interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases
  • the present disclosure provides bifunctional compounds, which find utility as modulators of targeted ubiquitination of IRAK kinases, which are then degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by the bifunctional compounds as described herein.
  • An advantage of the compounds provided herein is that a broad range of pharmacological activities is possible, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of IRAK kinases.
  • the description provides methods of using an effective amount of the compounds as described herein for the treatment or amelioration of a disease condition, such as cancer.
  • the present application further relates to bifunctional molecules, including bifunctional molecules that link a DCAF1-binding moiety to a ligand that binds IRAK kinases that are effective for the modulation of targeted ubiquitination.
  • bifunctional molecules include bifunctional molecules that link a DCAF1-binding moiety to a ligand that binds IRAK kinases that are effective for the modulation of targeted ubiquitination.
  • Such compounds have the general formula I: I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, IRAK is a IRAK binding moiety capable of binding to IRAK protein, such as IRAK4; L is a bivalent moiety that connects IRAK to DBM; and DBM is a DCAF binding moiety capable of binding to DCAF1 protein.
  • Compounds of the present invention are useful for treating a variety of diseases, disorders or conditions, associated with regulation of signaling pathways implicating IRAK kinases. Such diseases, disorders, or conditions include those described herein.
  • Compounds provided by this invention are also useful for the study of IRAK enzymes in biological and pathological phenomena; the study of intracellular signal transduction pathways occurring in bodily tissues; and the comparative evaluation of new IRAK inhibitors or IRAK degraders or other regulators of kinases, signaling pathways, and cytokine levels in vitro or in vivo.
  • Compounds of the present invention are useful as degraders and/or inhibitors of one or more IRAK protein kinases. In some embodiments, a provided compound degrades and/or inhibits IRAK4.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I as a compound of any one of the following formulae: I-b' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables are as defined and described herein. 2.
  • Compounds and Definitions [0013] Compounds of the present invention include those described generally herein, and are further illustrated by the classes, subclasses, and species disclosed herein.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-3 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-2 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • “cycloaliphatic” (or “carbocycle” or “cycloalkyl”) refers to a monocyclic C 3 -C 6 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • bridged bicyclic refers to any bicyclic ring system, i.e. carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or partially unsaturated, having at least one bridge.
  • a “bridge” is an unbranched chain of atoms or an atom or a valence bond connecting two bridgeheads, where a “bridgehead” is any skeletal atom of the ring system which is bonded to three or more skeletal atoms (excluding hydrogen).
  • a bridged bicyclic group has 7-12 ring members and 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Such bridged bicyclic groups are well known in the art and include those groups set forth below where each group is attached to the rest of the molecule at any substitutable carbon or nitrogen atom. Unless otherwise specified, a bridged bicyclic group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as set forth for aliphatic groups.
  • any substitutable nitrogen of a bridged bicyclic group is optionally substituted.
  • exemplary bridged bicyclics include: [0016]
  • the term “lower alkyl” refers to a C 1-4 straight or branched alkyl group. Exemplary lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.
  • the term “lower haloalkyl” refers to a C 1-4 straight or branched alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • heteroatom means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR + (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).
  • unsaturated as used herein, means that a moiety has one or more units of unsaturation.
  • bivalent C 1-8 (or C 1-6 ) saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain refers to bivalent alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene chains that are straight or branched as defined herein.
  • alkylene refers to a bivalent alkyl group.
  • An “alkylene chain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., –(CH 2 ) n –, wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3.
  • a substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • alkenylene refers to a bivalent alkenyl group.
  • a substituted alkenylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one double bond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • cyclopropylenyl refers to a bivalent cyclopropyl group of the following structure: .
  • halogen means F, Cl, Br, or I.
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl,” “aralkoxy,” or “aryloxyalkyl,” refers to monocyclic or bicyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring.”
  • aryl refers to an aromatic ring system which includes, but not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents.
  • aryl is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non–aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar—,” used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., “heteroaralkyl,” or “heteroaralkoxy,” refer to groups having 5 to 10 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, or 9 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 ⁇ electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms.
  • heteroatom refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
  • Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar—”, as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H–quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3–b]–1,4–oxazin–3(4H)–one.
  • heteroaryl group may be mono– or bicyclic.
  • heteroaryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring,” “heteroaryl group,” or “heteroaromatic,” any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted.
  • heteroarylkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • heterocycle As used herein, the terms “heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclic radical,” and “heterocyclic ring” are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 5– to 7–membered monocyclic or 7–10– membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above.
  • nitrogen includes a substituted nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4–dihydro–2H–pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or + NR (as in N–substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • a heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
  • saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl.
  • heterocycle used interchangeably herein, and also include groups in which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic rings, such as indolinyl, 3H–indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl.
  • a heterocyclyl group may be mono– or bicyclic.
  • heterocyclylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond.
  • the term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
  • compounds of the invention may contain “optionally substituted” moieties.
  • substituted means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent.
  • an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position.
  • Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
  • stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
  • Suitable monovalent substituents on R° are independently halogen, —(CH 2 )0–2R ⁇ , – (haloR ⁇ ), –(CH 2 ) 0–2 OH, –(CH 2 ) 0–2 OR ⁇ , –(CH 2 ) 0–2 CH(OR ⁇ ) 2 ; -O(haloR ⁇ ), –CN, –N 3 , –(CH 2 ) 0–2 C(O)R ⁇ , – (CH 2 ) 0–2 C(O)OH, –(CH 2 ) 0–2 C(O)OR ⁇ , –(CH 2 ) 0–2 SR ⁇ , –(CH 2 ) 0–2 SH, –(CH 2 ) 0–2 NH 2 , –(CH 2 ) 0–2 SH, –(CH 2 ) 0–2 NH 2 , –(CH 2 ) 0
  • Suitable divalent substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an “optionally substituted” group include: –O(CR * 2 ) 2–3 O–, wherein each independent occurrence of R * is selected from hydrogen, C 1–6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5–6–membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0–4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R * include halogen, –R ⁇ , -(haloR ⁇ ), -OH, –OR ⁇ , –O(haloR ⁇ ), –CN, –C(O)OH, –C(O)OR ⁇ , –NH 2 , –NHR ⁇ , –NR ⁇ 2, or –NO 2 , wherein each R ⁇ is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C1–4 aliphatic, –CH 2 Ph, –O(CH 2 )0–1Ph, or a 5–6–membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0–4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Suitable substituents on a substitutable nitrogen of an “optionally substituted” group include — R ⁇ , –NR ⁇ 2, –C(O)R ⁇ , –C(O)OR ⁇ , –C(O)C(O)R ⁇ , –C(O)CH 2 C(O)R ⁇ , -S(O) 2 R ⁇ , -S(O) 2 NR ⁇ 2, –C(S)NR ⁇ 2, – C(NH)NR ⁇ 2, or –N(R ⁇ )S(O) 2 R ⁇ ; wherein each R ⁇ is independently hydrogen, C 1–6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, unsubstituted –OPh, or an unsubstituted 5–6–membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0–4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences of
  • Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R ⁇ are independently halogen, –R ⁇ , -(haloR ⁇ ), – OH, –OR ⁇ , –O(haloR ⁇ ), –CN, –C(O)OH, –C(O)OR ⁇ , –NH 2 , –NHR ⁇ , –NR ⁇ 2, or -NO 2 , wherein each R ⁇ is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C 1–4 aliphatic, –CH 2 Ph, –O(CH 2 ) 0–1 Ph, or a 5–6–membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0–4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the term “provided compound” refers to any genus, subgenus, and/or species set forth herein.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1–19, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2–hydroxy–ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2–naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pect
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N + (C1–4alkyl)4 salts.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers, and Ra (or M) and Sa (or P) atropisomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
  • compounds having the present structures including the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13 C- or 14 C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention.
  • Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools, as probes in biological assays, or as therapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention.
  • the term “inhibitor” is defined as a compound that binds to and /or inhibits an IRAK kinase with measurable affinity.
  • an inhibitor has an IC 50 and/or binding constant of less than about 50 ⁇ M, less than about 1 ⁇ M, less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 10 nM, or less than about 1 nM.
  • the term “degrader” is defined as a heterobifunctional compound that binds to and /or inhibits both an IRAK kinase and an E3 ligase with measurable affinity resulting in the ubiqitination and subsequent degradation of the IRAK kinase.
  • a degrader has an DC 50 of less than about 50 ⁇ M, less than about 1 ⁇ M, less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 10 nM, or less than about 1 nM.
  • a compound of the present invention may be tethered to a detectable moiety. It will be appreciated that such compounds are useful as imaging agents.
  • a detectable moiety may be attached to a provided compound via a suitable substituent.
  • suitable substituent refers to a moiety that is capable of covalent attachment to a detectable moiety.
  • Such moieties are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art and include groups containing, e.g., a carboxylate moiety, an amino moiety, a thiol moiety, or a hydroxyl moiety, to name but a few. It will be appreciated that such moieties may be directly attached to a provided compound or via a tethering group, such as a bivalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. In some embodiments, such moieties may be attached via click chemistry. In some embodiments, such moieties may be attached via a 1,3-cycloaddition of an azide with an alkyne, optionally in the presence of a copper catalyst.
  • the term “detectable moiety” is used interchangeably with the term "label” and relates to any moiety capable of being detected, e.g., primary labels and secondary labels.
  • Primary labels such as radioisotopes (e.g., tritium, 32 P, 33 P, 35 S, or 14 C), mass-tags, and fluorescent labels are signal generating reporter groups which can be detected without further modifications.
  • Detectable moieties also include luminescent and phosphorescent groups.
  • the term “secondary label” as used herein refers to moieties such as biotin and various protein antigens that require the presence of a second intermediate for production of a detectable signal.
  • the secondary intermediate may include streptavidin-enzyme conjugates.
  • antigen labels secondary intermediates may include antibody-enzyme conjugates.
  • Some fluorescent groups act as secondary labels because they transfer energy to another group in the process of nonradiative fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the second group produces the detected signal.
  • FRET nonradiative fluorescent resonance energy transfer
  • fluorescent label refers to moieties that absorb light energy at a defined excitation wavelength and emit light energy at a different wavelength.
  • fluorescent labels include, but are not limited to: Alexa Fluor dyes (Alexa Fluor 350, Alexa Fluor 488, Alexa Fluor 532, Alexa Fluor 546, Alexa Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 594, Alexa Fluor 633, Alexa Fluor 660 and Alexa Fluor 680), AMCA, AMCA-S, BODIPY dyes (BODIPY FL, BODIPY R6G, BODIPY TMR, BODIPY TR, BODIPY 530/550, BODIPY 558/568, BODIPY 564/570, BODIPY 576/589, BODIPY 581/591, BODIPY 630/650, BODIPY 650/665), Carboxyrhodamine 6G, carboxy
  • mass-tag refers to any moiety that is capable of being uniquely detected by virtue of its mass using mass spectrometry (MS) detection techniques.
  • mass-tags include electrophore release tags such as N-[3-[4'-[(p-Methoxytetrafluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl]-3- methylglyceronyl]isonipecotic Acid, 4'-[2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(pentafluorophenoxyl)]methyl acetophenone, and their derivatives.
  • mass-tags include, but are not limited to, nucleotides, dideoxynucleotides, oligonucleotides of varying length and base composition, oligopeptides, oligosaccharides, and other synthetic polymers of varying length and monomer composition.
  • nucleotides dideoxynucleotides
  • oligonucleotides of varying length and base composition oligopeptides, oligosaccharides
  • other synthetic polymers of varying length and monomer composition.
  • a large variety of organic molecules, both neutral and charged (biomolecules or synthetic compounds) of an appropriate mass range (100-2000 Daltons) may also be used as mass-tags.
  • measurable affinity and “measurably inhibit,” as used herein, means a measurable change in an IRAK protein kinase activity between a sample comprising a compound of the present invention, or composition thereof, and an IRAK protein kinase, and an equivalent sample comprising an IRAK protein kinase, in the absence of said compound, or composition thereof.
  • the compounds of the present application include bifunctional molecules that link a DCAF binding moiety to a ligand that binds IRAK kinases having the following general formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, IRAK is a IRAK binding moiety capable of binding to IRAK protein, such as IRAK4; L is a bivalent moiety that connects IRAK to DBM; and DBM is a DCAF binding moiety capable of binding to DCAF1 protein.
  • IRAK is a IRAK binding moiety capable of binding to IRAK protein, such as IRAK4
  • L is a bivalent moiety that connects IRAK to DBM
  • DBM is a DCAF binding moiety capable of binding to DCAF1 protein.
  • DCAF1 Binding Moiety (DBM) [0050] As described above and in certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and IRAK are as defined and described herein, and wherein: Ring E is phenyl, a 4-7 membered partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; Ring F is phenylenyl, a 4-10 membered partially unsaturated carbocyclylenyl or heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; Y 1 is a C 1-3 hydrocarbon chain wherein each m
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I as a compound of formula I-a': I-a' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and IRAK are as defined and described herein, and wherein: Ring E is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-9 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or bridged bicyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; Ring F is phenyl, a 4-11 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; Y 2 is a
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-b: I-b or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and IRAK are as defined and described herein, and wherein: Ring H is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; Ring I is phenylenyl, a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclylenyl or heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; Ring J is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicycl
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I as a compound of formula I-b': I-b' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and IRAK are as defined and described herein, and wherein: Ring H is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; Ring I is phenylenyl, a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclylenyl or heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; Ring J is phenylenyl, a
  • Ring E is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-9 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or bridged bicyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring E is phenyl. In some embodiments, Ring E is naphthyl. In some embodiments, Ring E is a 4-9 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or bridged bicyclic carbocyclyl.
  • Ring E is a 4-9 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or bridged bicyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring E is a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0057] In some embodiments, Ring E is phenyl, naphthyl, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring E is phenyl or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0059] In some embodiments, Ring E is phenyl or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0060] In some embodiments, Ring E is phenyl or a 5-6-membered heteroaryl with 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring E is cyclobutyl, azetinyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, tetrahydro- 2H-pyranyl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, piperidinyl, phenyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, indolyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or naphthyl.
  • Ring E is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Ring F is phenylenyl, a 4-11 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclylenyl or heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;.
  • Ring F is phenylenyl.
  • Ring F is a 4-11 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclylenyl.
  • Ring F is a 4-11 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring F is a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0065] In some embodiments, Ring F is phenyl or a 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0066] In some embodiments, F is phenyl or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring F is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0068] In some embodiments, Ring F is a 5-membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0069] In some embodiments, Ring F is a 5-membered heteroaryl with 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0070] In some embodiments, Ring F is a 5-membered heteroaryl with 1-2 nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • Ring F is cyclobutylenyl, azetinylenyl, cyclopentylenyl cyclohexylenyl, phenylenyl, pyrrolylenyl, imidazolylenyl, pyrazolylenyl, isoxazolylenyl, thiophenylenyl, 2,5-dihydro-1H- pyrrolylenyl, 1,2,3-triazolylenyl, 1,2,4-triazolylenyl, 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-onylenyl, thiazolylenyl, pyridylenyl, indazolylenyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinylenyl, benzoimidazolylenyl, 3,4- dihydroquinolinylenyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydr
  • Ring F is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Ring G is phenyl, a 5-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring G is phenyl.
  • Ring G is a 5-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl.
  • Ring G is a 5-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring G is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0075] In some embodiments, Ring G is phenyl or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0076] In some embodiments, Ring G is phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaryl with 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring G is cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, isothiazolyl, phenyl, or pyridyl.
  • Ring G is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Ring H is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring H is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, Ring H is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [0081] In some embodiments, Ring H is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring H is a 6-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclyl with 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [0083] In some embodiments, Ring H is a 6-membered saturated monocyclic heterocyclyl with 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
  • Ring H is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, azetinyl, cyclopentyl, pyrrolidinyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, morpholinyl, piperzinyl, isoindolinyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 6- azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, azepanyl, 2-3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl, 5- azaspiro[2.5]octanyl, 2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 3-azaspiro[5.5]undecanyl, 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl,
  • Ring H is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Ring I is phenylenyl, a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclylenyl or heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring I is phenylenyl.
  • Ring I is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclylenyl. In some embodiments, Ring I is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring I is a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylenyl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring I is phenyl or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0089] In some embodiments, Ring I is phenyl or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. [0090] In some embodiments, Ring I is phenyl or a 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl with 1-2 nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • Ring I is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring I is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring I is a 9-membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl with 1-2 nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • Ring I is cyclohexylenyl, phenylenyl, imidazolylenyl, pyrazolylenyl, oxazolylenyl, thiazolylenyl, 1,2-thiazinanylenyl, pyridylenyl, pyridazinylenyl, pyrimidinylenyl, indolinylenyl, 2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonanylenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridylenyl, 2,3-dihydro- 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridylenyl, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridylenyl, 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinylenyl, 1H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridinylen
  • Ring I is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • phenylenyl a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclylenyl or heterocyclylenyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring J is phenylenyl.
  • Ring J is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, Ring J is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring J is a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring J is a 3-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring J is a 6-9 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring J is a 6-membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1 nitrogen heteroatom.
  • Ring J is a 9-membered saturated monocyclic heterocyclyl with 1-2 nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • Ring J is a 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-2 nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • Ring J is cyclohexylenyl, azetidinylenyl, pyrrolidinylenyl, imidazolylenyl, thiazolylenyl, piperidinylenyl, piperzinylenyl, azepanylenyl, phenylenyl, pyridinylenyl, isoindolinyl, quinazolinylenyl, octahydro-1H-indolylenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridylenyl, 8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanylenyl, 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanylenyl, 2,7-diazas
  • Ring J is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Ring K is phenyl, naphthyl, a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 9-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-13 membered monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic heteroaryl with 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring K is phenyl.
  • Ring K is naphthyl. In some embodiments, Ring K is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, Ring K is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring K is a 9-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring K is a 5-13 membered monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic heteroaryl with 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring K is phenyl, a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 9-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring K is phenyl or a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Ring K is phenyl or a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring K is phenyl or a 6-membered saturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1-2 nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • Ring K is 1,2,3-triazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, cyclohexyl, piperdinyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, purinyl, indazolyl, benzo[d]imidazoyl, benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, benzo[d]isoxazolyl, benzo[d]isothiazolyl, pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopent
  • Ring K is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • R a is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic
  • R a is hydrogen.
  • R a is an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic.
  • R a is .
  • Ring R a is methyl, -CH(Me)OH, benzyl, -CH 2 tolyl, or -CH 2 indolyl.
  • Ring R a is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • R b is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, phenyl, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or R a and R b are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 9-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or when Y is -C(NR)-, R b is optionally taken together with R of -C(NR)- with their intervening atoms to form a 5-7 membered partially unsaturated heterocyclyl with 0-1 heteroatoms, in addition to the 2 nitrogen atoms within the heterocyclyl, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R b is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R b is hydrogen is an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b is hydrogen is phenyl. In some embodiments, R b is hydrogen is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R a and R b are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 9-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R b when Y is - C(NR)-, R b is optionally taken together with R of -C(NR)- with their intervening atoms to form a 5-7 membered partially unsaturated heterocyclyl with 0-1 heteroatoms, in addition to the 2 nitrogen atoms within the heterocyclyl, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R b is methyl, -CH(Me)OH, cyclopropyl, phenyl, -CO 2 H, - CH 2 cyclopropyl, -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 OMe, or -CH 2 CO 2 H.
  • Ring R b is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • R c is -CR 2 CN, -CR 2 CF 2 R, -CR 2 CONR 2 , -CR 2 C(O)R, -CR 2 CO 2 R, - CR 2 NR 2 , -CR 2 OR, -CR 2 SONR 2 , -CR 2 SO 2 NR 2 , -CR 2 S(O)R, -CR 2 SO 2 R, -CR 2 S(O)(NR)R, or -CR 2 CN.
  • R c is -CR 2 CN, -CR 2 CONR 2 , -CR 2 C(O)R, -CR 2 CO 2 R, -CR 2 S(O)NR 2 , - CR 2 SO 2 NR 2 , -CR 2 S(O)R, -CR 2 SO 2 R, or -CR 2 CR 2 NR 2 .
  • R c is -CO 2 R.
  • R c is -CONR 2 .
  • R c is -CR 2 CF 2 R.
  • R c is - CR 2 CONR 2 .
  • R c is -CR 2 C(O)R.
  • R c is -CR 2 CO 2 R. In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 OH. In some embodiments, R c is - CR 2 SO 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 S(O)R. In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 SO 2 R. In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 S(O)(NR)R. In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 CN. In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 CR 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R c is -CR 2 CR 2 OR.
  • R c is –(CR 2 )1-2-X a , wherein X a is halogen. In some embodiments, R c is –(CR 2 )1-2-X a , wherein X a is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R c is –(CR 2 )1-2-X a , wherein X a is an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl.
  • R c is –(CR 2 )1-2-X a , wherein X a is an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl with 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R c is –(CR 2 )1-2-X a , wherein X a is an optionally substituted 5-9 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R b and R c are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 4-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl with 1- 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R b and R c are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted pyrrolyl.
  • R b and R c are taken together with their intervening atoms to form oxetanyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl dioxide, [00131] In some embodiments, R a is absent and R b and R c are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted phenyl.
  • R a is absent and R b and R c are taken together with their intervening atoms to form [00132]
  • R c is -CO 2 Bn, -CONHPh, -CR 2 CF 2 Me, -CH 2 CONH 2 , -CH(Me)CONH 2 , -CH 2 CONHMe, -CH 2 CONHEt, -CH 2 COMe, -CH 2 CON(Me)CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 CONHCONH 2 , - CH 2 CONHCH 2 Ph, -CH 2 CONHcyclopropyl, -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 NMe 2 , -CH 2 CO 2 H, -CH 2 CO 2 Me, - CH 2 COCH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 COCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH(Ph)OH, -CH(
  • R c is -CH 2 CONH 2 , -CH 2 SO 2 Me, or -CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 .
  • R c is -CH 2 CONH 2 .
  • R c is -CH 2 SO 2 Me.
  • Ring R c is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • R d is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, or when R c is -CR 2 CONR 2 , R d is optionally taken together with a single R of -CR 2 CONR 2 with their intervening atoms to form a 5-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl with 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the nitrogen atom to which R d is attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R d is hydrogen.
  • R d is an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic.
  • R d is a C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R d is benzyl. In some embodiments, R d is methyl. [00140] In some embodiments, R d is absent. [00141] In some embodiments, Ring R d is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • R cc , R e , R r , R g , R h , R i , R j , and R k are each independently selected from hydrogen, oxo, R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -NROR, - SiR 3 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2, -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, - C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -OP(O)R 2 , -OP(O)(OR) 2 , -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 , -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 , -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 , -OP(O)(OR)
  • R cc is is R A . In some embodiments, R cc is halogen. In some embodiments, R cc is -CN. In some embodiments, R cc is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -OR. In some embodiments, R cc is -SR. In some embodiments, R cc is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -NROR. In some embodiments, R cc is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R cc is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R cc is -S(O) 2 NR 2 .
  • R cc is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R cc is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R cc is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R cc is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R cc is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R cc is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R cc is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -OP(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is - OP(O)(OR) 2 .
  • R cc is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -NRC(O)OR. In some embodiments, R cc is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R cc is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R cc is -NP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R cc is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 .
  • R cc is - NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -P(O)R2. In some embodiments, R cc is -P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R cc is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . [00144] In some embodiments, R e is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R e is oxo. In some embodiments, R e is is R A . In some embodiments, R e is halogen.
  • R e is -CN. In some embodiments, R e is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -OR. In some embodiments, R e is -SR. In some embodiments, R e is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R e is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R e is -S(O) 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R e is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R e is -C(O)OR.
  • R e is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R e is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R e is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R e is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R e is -OP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -NRC(O)OR.
  • R e is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R e is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R e is -NP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R e is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -P(O)R2. In some embodiments, R e is -P(O)(OR) 2 .
  • R e is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R e is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . [00145] In some embodiments, R e is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R e is optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R e is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R e is hydrogen, oxo, fluoro, chloro, -CN, methyl, -CF 3 , isopropyl, cyclopropyl, ethynyl, -CO 2 H, -CO 2 Me, -CONH 2 , -C(O)CHCH 2 , -OH, -OMe, -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 OMe, - CH 2 CO 2 H, -CH 2 CONH 2 , -CH 2 SO 2 Me, -CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H, -CH 2 CH 2 CONH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 Me, - CH 2 CH 2 OMe, -NHC(O)CHCH 2 , tetrazolyl, or N-methyltetrazolyl.
  • R f is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R f is oxo. In some embodiments, R f is is R A . In some embodiments, R f is halogen. In some embodiments, R f is -CN. In some embodiments, R f is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -OR. In some embodiments, R f is -SR. In some embodiments, R e is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R f is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R f is -S(O) 2 NR 2 .
  • R f is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R f is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R f is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R f is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R f is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R f is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R f is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R f is - OP(O)(OR) 2 .
  • R f is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -NRC(O)OR. In some embodiments, R f is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R f is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R f is -NP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R f is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 .
  • R f is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -P(O)R2. In some embodiments, R f is - P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R f is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R f is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R f is optionally substituted C 1–6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R f is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R f is hydrogen, oxo, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, -CF 3 , phenyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, -CONH 2 , -COcyclohexyl, -CH 2 cyclopropyl, -CH 2 cyclopentyl, -CH 2 cyclohexyl, - CH 2 morpholinyl, -CH 2 Ph, -CH 2 thiazolyl, -CH 2 pyrimidinyl, -CH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 CH 2 Ph, -C(O)Me, - C(O)CHCH 2 , -C(O)CH 2 CH 2 OMe, -C(O)CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe, -C(O)Ph, - C(O)pyridinyl
  • R h is oxo. In some embodiments, R h is is R A . In some embodiments, R h is halogen. In some embodiments, R h is -CN. In some embodiments, R h is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -OR. In some embodiments, R h is -SR. In some embodiments, R h is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R h is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R h is -S(O) 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -S(O)R.
  • R h is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R h is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R h is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R h is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R h is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R h is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R h is -OP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 .
  • R h is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -NRC(O)OR. In some embodiments, R h is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R h is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R h is -NP(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R h is -P(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R h is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R h is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R h is optionally substituted C 1–6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R h is C 1–6 alkyl, C 1–6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R h is hydrogen, oxo, fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, - CH 2 N(Me)CH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe, -C(O)Me, -C(O)CHCH 2 , -OH, - NHC(O)CHCH 2 , -N(Me)C(O)CHCH 2 , -NHC(O)Me, -CH 2 NHC(O)CHCH 2 , -(CH 2 ) 2 - 6NHC(O)CHCH 2 , -(CH 2 ) 2-6 NMeC(O)CHCH 2 , [00161]
  • R g is hydrogen.
  • R g is oxo. In some embodiments, R g is is R A . In some embodiments, R g is halogen. In some embodiments, R g is -CN. In some embodiments, R g is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -OR. In some embodiments, R g is -SR. In some embodiments, R g is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R g is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R g is -S(O) 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -S(O)R.
  • R g is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R g is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R g is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R g is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R g is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R g is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -OP(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -OP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 .
  • R g is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -NRC(O)OR. In some embodiments, R g is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R g is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R g is -NP(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R g is -P(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R g is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R g is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R g is optionally substituted C 1–6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R g is C 1–6 alkyl, C 1–6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R g is hydrogen, oxo, fluoro, chloro, bromo, -CN, methyl, ethyl, - CONH 2 , -OH, or -OMe.
  • R i is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R i is oxo. In some embodiments, R i is is R A .
  • R i is halogen. In some embodiments, R i is -CN. In some embodiments, R i is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -OR. In some embodiments, R i is -SR. In some embodiments, R i is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R i is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R i is -S(O) 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R i is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R i is -C(O)OR.
  • R i is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R i is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R i is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R i is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R i is - OP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -NRC(O)OR.
  • R i is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R i is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R i is -NP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R i is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -P(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R i is - P(O)(OR) 2 .
  • R i is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R i is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . [00167] In some embodiments, R i is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R i is optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R i is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R i is hydrogen, oxo, fluoro, chloro, methyl, -CF 3 , -CH 2 OH, -CN, - CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHCOCH 2 NH 2 , - C(O)isobutyl, -C(O)CH 2 NH 2 , -C(O)CH 2 OCONH 2 , -CO 2 H, -CONH 2 , -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)(CH 2 ) 1- 6 SO 2 Me, -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 , -NMe 2 , -NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -N(Me)CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(Me)C(O)CHCH 2 , or .
  • R j is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R j is oxo. In some embodiments, R j is is R A . In some embodiments, R j is halogen. In some embodiments, R j is -CN. In some embodiments, R j is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -OR. In some embodiments, R j is -SR. In some embodiments, R j is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, R j is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R j is -S(O) 2 NR 2 .
  • R j is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R j is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R j is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R j is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R j is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R j is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R j is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R j is - OP(O)(OR) 2 .
  • R j is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -NRC(O)OR. In some embodiments, R j is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R j is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R j is -NP(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 .
  • R j is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -P(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R j is - P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R j is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R j is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R j is optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R j is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R j is hydrogen, oxo, fluoro, chloro, methyl, -CH 2 F, -CH 2 OH, - CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHCOCH 2 NH 2 , - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe, -C(O)CH 2 NH 2 , - C(O)CH 2 OCONH 2 , -CO 2 H, -C(O)CHCH 2 , -C(O)Et, -C(O)NH 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -OMe, or -S(O) 2 NH 2 .
  • R j is -OCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , -NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, -NHCH 2 CONH 2 , - NHCH 2 SO 2 NH 2 , -NHC(O)CH 2 NH 2 , -OCH 2 CH(CF 3 )NH 2 , [00177]
  • an R i group on Ring I and an R j group or Ring J are taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 5-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring having 0- 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R i and R j are taken together by -CH 2 CH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • R k is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R k is oxo. In some embodiments, R k is is R A . In some embodiments, R k is halogen. In some embodiments, R k is -CN. In some embodiments, R k is -NO 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -OR. In some embodiments, R k is -SR. In some embodiments, R k is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -SiR 3 .
  • R k is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R k is -S(O) 2 NR 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R k is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, R k is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R k is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -C(O)NROR. In some embodiments, R k is -C(NOR)R. In some embodiments, R k is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R k is -OC(O)NR 2 .
  • R k is -OP(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -OP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -NRC(O)OR. In some embodiments, R k is -NRC(O)R. In some embodiments, R k is -NRC(O)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -NRS(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R k is -NP(O)R 2 .
  • R k is -NRP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -NRP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -NRP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -P(O)R 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -P(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R k is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 .
  • R k is R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R k is optionally substituted C 1–6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R k is C 1–6 alkyl, C 1–6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R k is hydrogen, oxo, fluoro, chloro, bromo, -CN, -NO 2 , methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, benzyl, -CF 3 , -CO 2 H, -CO 2 Me, -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 OCONH 2 , - CH 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CO 2 H, -CH 2 CO 2 Me, -CH 2 CO 2 Et, -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NMe 2 , - CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHCONH 2 , -CH 2 OCONH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , - CH 2 NH 2 , - CH
  • R j and R k are taken together by -NH-.
  • R cc , R e , R r , R g , R h , R i , R j , and R k are as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • each R A is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C 1–6 aliphatic, phenyl, a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R A is an optionally substituted C 1–6 aliphatic.
  • R A is an optionally substituted phenyl.
  • R A is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic.
  • R A is an optionally substituted saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R A is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00189] In some embodiments, R A is C 1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl). In some embodiments, R A is C 1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., -CF 3 , -CHF 2 ). [00190] In some embodiment, R A is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C 1-6 aliphatic, phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or two R groups on the same atom are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom to which they are attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or two R groups on the same atom, or on different atoms, are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom, or different atoms, to which
  • R is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted C 1 - 6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted naphthyl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two R groups on the same atom are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom to which they are attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two R groups on the same atom, or on different atoms are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom, or different atoms, to which they are attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • each of each of X 1 and X 2 are independently a covalent bond, spiro-fusion between the two rings that X 1 or X 2 connect, or a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -O-, -N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or - S(O) 2 -.
  • X 1 is a covalent bond or a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -O-, -N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • X 1 is a covalent bond.
  • X 1 is a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -O-, - N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • X 1 is -CR 2 -.
  • X 1 is -CR(OR)- .
  • X 1 -CRF- is a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -O-
  • X 1 is -CF 2 -. In some embodiments, X 1 is - (CR 2 ) 0-2 -C(O)-. In some embodiments, X 1 is -CR 2 NRCR 2 -. In some embodiments, X 1 is -NRCR 2 -. In some embodiments, X 1 is -C(O)NR-. In some embodiments, X 1 is -C(NR)NR-. In some embodiments, X 1 is -C(S)NR-. In some embodiments, X 1 is -NR-. In some embodiments, X 1 is -O-. In some embodiments, X 1 is -S-.
  • X 1 is -S(O) 2 -. In some embodiments, X 1 represents spiro-fusion between the two rings that X 1 connect. [00197] In some embodiments, X 1 is a covalent bond, -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)- , -O-, -N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -. [00198] In some embodiments, X 1 is a covalent bond, -NH-, -NMe-.
  • X 2 is a covalent bond or a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1–6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -O-, -N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • X 2 is a covalent bond.
  • X 2 is a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1–6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -O-, - N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • X 2 is -CR 2 -.
  • X 2 is -CR(OR)- .
  • X 2 -CRF- is a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1–6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-4 methylene units of the hydrocarbon chain are independently replaced by -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)-, -
  • X 2 is -CF 2 -. In some embodiments, X 2 is - (CR 2 ) 0-2 -C(O)-. In some embodiments, X 2 is -CR 2 NRCR 2 -. In some embodiments, X 2 is -NRCR 2 -. In some embodiments, X 2 is -C(O)NR-. In some embodiments, X 2 is -C(NR)NR-. In some embodiments, X 2 is -C(S)NR-. In some embodiments, X 2 is -NR-. In some embodiments, X 2 is -O-. In some embodiments, X 2 is -S-.
  • X 2 is -S(O) 2 -. In some embodiments, X 2 represents spiro-fusion between the two rings that X 2 connects, e.g., . [00201] In some embodiments, X 2 is a covalent bond, -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -C(NR)-, -C(O)- , -O-, -N(R)-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • X 2 is a covalent bond, -CH 2 -, -CMe(OMe)-, -CMe(F)-, -CMe(CF 3 )-, cyclopropylenyl, difluorocyclopropylenyl, -C(O)-, -CH 2 CH 2 C(O)-, -CH 2 NHCH(Me)-, -NHCH 2 -, - N(Me)CH 2 -, -C(O)NH-, -NH-, -NMe-, -N(COMe)-, -N(CF 3 )-, -NEt-, -N(nPr)-, -N(nBu)-, -N(Ph)-, -N(3- pyridyl)-, -N(4-pyridyl)-, -N(SO 2 Me)-, -N(CH 2 CHF 2 )
  • X 1 and X 2 are as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Y 2 is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • Y 1 is a C 1-3 hydrocarbon chain wherein each methylene is optionally substituted with -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -C(O)-, -C(NR)-, -C(NOR)-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • Y 1 is a C 1-3 hydrocarbon chain.
  • Y 1 is -CR 2 -.
  • Y 1 is -CR(OR)-.
  • Y 1 is -C(O)-.
  • Y 1 is -CH 2 -, -CH 2 C(O)-, -NHCH 2 C(O)-, -CH 2 CH 2 C(O)-, - CH 2 CH(OH)C(O)-, -C(O)-, -C(NH)-, -C(NOH)-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • Y 1 is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • each of s is 0 or 1.
  • s is 0. In some embodiments, s is 1.
  • s is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • each of e, f, g, h, i, j, and k are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • e is 0.
  • e is 1.
  • e is 2.
  • e is 3.
  • e is 4.
  • e is 0 or 1.
  • e is 1 or 2.
  • e is 2 or 3.
  • e is 3 or 4.
  • e is 1, 2, or 3.
  • f is 0.
  • f is 1. In some embodiments, f is 2. In some embodiments, f is 3. In some embodiments, f is 4. [00219] In some embodiments, f is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, f is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, f is 1, 2, or 3. [00220] In some embodiments, g is 0. In some embodiments, g is 1. In some embodiments, g is 2. In some embodiments, g is 3. In some embodiments, g is 4. [00221] In some embodiments, g is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, g is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, g is 1, 2, or 3. [00222] In some embodiments, h is 0. In some embodiments, h is 1.
  • h is 2. In some embodiments, h is 3. In some embodiments, h is 4. [00223] In some embodiments, h is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, h is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, h is 1, 2, or 3. [00224] In some embodiments, i is 0. In some embodiments, i is 1. In some embodiments, i is 2. In some embodiments, i is 3. In some embodiments, i is 4. [00225] In some embodiments, i is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, i is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, i is 1, 2, or 3. [00226] In some embodiments, j is 0. In some embodiments, j is 1. In some embodiments, j is 2.
  • j is 3. In some embodiments, j is 4. [00227] In some embodiments, j is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, j is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, j is 1, 2, or 3. [00228] In some embodiments, k is 0. In some embodiments, k is 1. In some embodiments, k is 2. In some embodiments, k is 3. In some embodiments, k is 4. [00229] In some embodiments, k is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, k is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, k is 1, 2, or 3. [00230] In some embodiment, e, f, g, h, i, j, and k are as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM i s . In some embodiments, DBM is . In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, DBM is In some embodiments, D
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a or I-a' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-a-3 I-a-4 I-a-12 I-a-13 I-a-21
  • Y 1 is a C 1-3 hydrocarbon chain wherein each methylene is optionally substituted with -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -C(O)-, -C(NR)-, -C(NOR)-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 -.
  • Y 1 is -CR 2 -, -CR(OR)-, -C(O)-, -C(NR)-, -C(NOR)-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - .
  • Y 1 is -C(O)-.
  • Y 1 is as depicted in the compounds of Table 1, below.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a' represented by any one of the following formulae: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a or I-a' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-a-5’ I-a-6' I-a-7' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a or I-a' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-a-8' I-a-9' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a or I-a' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-a-12' I-a-13' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. [00243] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of formula I-a or I-a' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-a-14' I-a-15' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. [00244] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of formula I-b or I-b' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-b-5 I-b-13 I-b-18
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-b or I-b' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-b-6’ or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-b or I-b' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-b-11’
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-b or I-b' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-b-16’
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I-b or I-b' represented by any one of the following formulae: I-b-21' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • said compound of formula I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b' is optionally substituted with is a warhead group attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom in formula I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b' or a substitution or replacement of any defined group in formula I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b' (e.g., replaced with one of R e , R f , R g , R h , R i , R j , or R k ).
  • the warhead group is –L 2 -Y, wherein: L 2 is a covalent bond or a bivalent C 1-8 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one, two, or three methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by cyclopropylene, —NR—, —N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R)—, —N(R)SO 2 —, —SO 2 N(R)—, —O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —C( ⁇ S)—, —C( ⁇ NR)—, — N ⁇ N—, or —C( ⁇ N 2 )—; Y is hydrogen, C 1–6 aliphatic optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN,
  • L 2 is a covalent bond.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 1 -8 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain.
  • L 2 is —CH 2 —.
  • L 2 is a covalent bond, —CH 2 —, —NH—, —CH 2 NH—, —NHCH 2 — , —NHC(O)—, —NHC(O)CH 2 OC(O)—, —CH 2 NHC(O)—, —NHSO 2 —, —NHSO 2 CH 2 —, — NHC(O)CH 2 OC(O)—, or —SO 2 NH—.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by —NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —N(R)SO 2 —, —SO 2 N(R)—, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO 2 —, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, cyclopropylene, —O—, —N(R)—, or —C(O)—.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2-8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and at least one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by —C(O)—, —NRC(O)— , —C(O)NR—, —N(R)SO 2 —, —SO 2 N(R)—, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO 2 —, —OC(O)—, or —C(O)O—, and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by cyclopropylene, —O—, —N(R)—, or —C(O)—.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2-8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and at least one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by —C(O)—, and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by cyclopropylene, —O—, — N(R)—, or —C(O)—.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2-8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one alkylidenyl double bond.
  • Exemplary L 2 groups include —NHC(O)C( ⁇ CH 2 )CH 2 —.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and at least one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by —C(O)—.
  • L 2 is —C(O)CH ⁇ CH(CH 3 )—, —C(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 NH(CH 3 )—, —C(O)CH ⁇ CH(CH 3 )—, —C(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —CH 2 C(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —CH 2 C(O)CH ⁇ CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)CH ⁇ CH—, — CH 2 CH 2 C(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 NH(CH 3 )—, or — CH 2 CH 2 C(O)CH ⁇ CH(CH 3 )—, or —CH(CH 3 )OC(O)
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and at least one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by —OC(O)—.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and at least one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by —NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR— , —N(R)SO 2 —, —SO 2 N(R)—, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO 2 —, —OC(O)—, or —C(O)O—, and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by cyclopropylene, —O—, — N(R)—, or —C(O)—.
  • L 2 is —CH 2 OC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —, —CH 2 — OC(O)CH ⁇ CH—, or —CH(CH ⁇ CH 2 )OC(O)CH ⁇ CH—.
  • L 2 is —NRC(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —NRC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 N(CH 3 )—, — NRC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 O—, —CH 2 NRC(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —NRSO 2 CH ⁇ CH—, —NRSO 2 CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —, — NRC(O)(C ⁇ N 2 )C(O)—, —NRC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 N(CH 3 )—, —NRSO 2 CH ⁇ CH—, — NRSO 2 CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —, —NRC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 O—, —NRC(O)C( ⁇ CH 2 )CH 2 —
  • L 2 is —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 N(CH 3 )—, — NHC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 O—, —CH 2 NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —NHSO 2 CH ⁇ CH—, —NHSO 2 CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —, —NHC(O)(C ⁇ N 2 )C(O)—, —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 N(CH 3 )—, —NHSO 2 CH ⁇ CH—, — NHSO 2 CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —, —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 O—, —NHC(O)C( ⁇ CH 2 )CH 2 —, —CH 2 NHC(O)—, — CH 2 NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH—, —CH 2 CH 2 NHC(O)—, or —CH 2 NHC(O)cyclopropylene-.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2-8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one triple bond.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2-8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one triple bond and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by —NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO 2 —, —C( ⁇ S)—, — C( ⁇ NR)—, —O—, —N(R)—, or —C(O)—.
  • L 2 has at least one triple bond and at least one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by —N(R)—, —N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, or — OC(O)—, or —O—.
  • Exemplary L 2 groups include —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ CCH 2 N(isopropyl)-, —NHC(O)C ⁇ CCH 2 CH 2 — , —CH 2 —C ⁇ C ⁇ CH 2 —, —C ⁇ CCH 2 O—, —CH 2 C(O)C ⁇ C—, —C(O)C ⁇ C—, or —CH 2 OC( ⁇ O)C ⁇ C—.
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein one methylene unit of L 2 is replaced by cyclopropylene and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are independently replaced by —C(O)—, —NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —N(R)SO 2 —, or —SO 2 N(R)—.
  • Exemplary L 2 groups include —NHC(O)-cyclopropylene-SO 2 — and —NHC(O)-cyclopropylene-.
  • Y is hydrogen, C 1–6 aliphatic optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN, or a 3-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein said ring is substituted with at 1-4 R e groups, each R e is independently selected from -Q-Z, oxo, NO 2 , halogen, CN, a suitable leaving group, or C 1–6 aliphatic, wherein Q is a covalent bond or a bivalent C 1–6 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Q are optionally and independently replaced by —N(R)—, —S—, —O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —SO—,
  • Y is hydrogen. [00268] In certain embodiments, Y is C 1–6 aliphatic optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN. In some embodiments, Y is C 2-6 alkenyl optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN. In other embodiments, Y is C 2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN. In some embodiments, Y is C 2-6 alkenyl. In other embodiments, Y is C 2-4 alkynyl.
  • Y is C 1-6 alkyl substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN.
  • Y groups include —CH 2 F, —CH 2 Cl, —CH 2 CN, and —CH 2 NO 2 .
  • Y is a saturated 3-6 membered monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein Y is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a saturated 3-4 membered heterocyclic ring having 1 heteroatom selected from oxygen or nitrogen wherein said ring is substituted with 1-2 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Exemplary such rings are epoxide and oxetane rings, wherein each ring is substituted with 1-2 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a saturated 5-6 membered heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatom selected from oxygen or nitrogen wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Such rings include piperidine and pyrrolidine, wherein each ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is wherein each R, Q, Z, and R e is as defined above and described herein. [00273] In some embodiments, Y is a saturated 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, wherein each ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is w e herein R is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is cyclopropyl optionally substituted with halogen, CN or NO 2 .
  • Y is a partially unsaturated 3-6 membered monocyclic ring having 0- 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a partially unsaturated 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, or cyclohexenyl wherein each ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined 0-3 above and described herein. In certain embodiments, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein. [00277] In certain embodiments, Y is a partially unsaturated 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring having 1- 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is selected from: wherein each R and R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a 6-membered aromatic ring having 0-2 nitrogens wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e group is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is phenyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein each ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is selected from: wherein each R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-3 R e groups, wherein each R e group is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a 5 membered partially unsaturated or aryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein each R e group is as defined above and described herein.
  • Exemplary such rings are isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, triazole, thiadiazole, and oxadiazole, wherein each ring is substituted with 1-3 R e groups, wherein each R e group is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is selected from: wherein each R and R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is an 8-10 membered bicyclic, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • Y is a 9-10 membered bicyclic, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein said ring is substituted with 1-4 R e groups, wherein R e is as defined above and described herein.
  • each R e group is independently selected from -Q-Z, oxo, NO 2 , halogen, CN, a suitable leaving group, or C 1–6 aliphatic optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN, wherein Q is a covalent bond or a bivalent C 1–6 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Q are optionally and independently replaced by —N(R)—, —S—, —O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —SO—, or —SO 2 —, —N(R)C(O)—, —
  • R e is C 1-6 aliphatic optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN. In other embodiments, R e is oxo, NO 2 , halogen, or CN. [00284] In some embodiments, R e is -Q-Z, wherein Q is a covalent bond and Z is hydrogen (i.e., R e is hydrogen).
  • R e is -Q-Z, wherein Q is a bivalent C 1-6 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Q are optionally and independently replaced by —NR—, —NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —S—, —O—, —C(O)—, —SO—, or —SO 2 —.
  • Q is a bivalent C 2-6 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain having at least one double bond, wherein one or two methylene units of Q are optionally and independently replaced by —NR—, — NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —S—, —O—, —C(O)—, —SO—, or —SO 2 —.
  • the Z moiety of the R e group is hydrogen.
  • -Q-Z is —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 or — C(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 .
  • each R e is independently selected from oxo, NO 2 , CN, fluoro, chloro, —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 , —C(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 , —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , —C ⁇ CH, —C(O)OCH 2 Cl, —C(O)OCH 2 F, — C(O)OCH 2 CN, —C(O)CH 2 Cl, —C(O)CH 2 F, —C(O)CH 2 CN, or —CH 2 C(O)CH 3 .
  • R e is a suitable leaving group, i.e., a group that is subject to nucleophilic displacement.
  • a “suitable leaving” is a chemical group that is readily displaced by a desired incoming chemical moiety such as the thiol moiety of a cysteine of interest. Suitable leaving groups are well known in the art, e.g., see, “Advanced Organic Chemistry,” Jerry March, 5 th Ed., pp. 351-357, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.
  • Such leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halogen, alkoxy, sulphonyloxy, optionally substituted alkylsulphonyloxy, optionally substituted alkenylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted arylsulfonyloxy, acyl, and diazonium moieties.
  • suitable leaving groups include chloro, iodo, bromo, fluoro, acetoxy, methanesulfonyloxy (mesyloxy), tosyloxy, triflyloxy, nitro-phenylsulfonyloxy (nosyloxy), and bromo-phenylsulfonyloxy (brosyloxy).
  • L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and one or two additional methylene units of L 2 are optionally and independently replaced by — NRC(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —N(R)SO 2 —, —SO 2 N(R)—, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO 2 —, —OC(O)—, — C(O)O—, cyclopropylene, —O—, —N(R)—, or —C(O)—; and Y is hydrogen or C 1–6 aliphatic optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, NO 2 , or CN; or (b) L 2 is a bivalent C 2 -8 straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain wherein L 2 has at least one double bond and at
  • a warhead group is —C ⁇ CH, —C ⁇ CCH 2 NH(isopropyl), — NHC(O)C ⁇ CCH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 —C ⁇ C ⁇ CH 3 , —C ⁇ CCH 2 OH, —CH 2 C(O)C ⁇ CH, —C(O)C ⁇ CH, or — CH 2 C( ⁇ O)C ⁇ CH.
  • R 1 is selected from —NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 , — NHC(O)CH ⁇ CHCH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , or —CH 2 NHC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 .
  • a warhead group is selected from those set forth in Table 1B, below, wherein each wavy line indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. Table 1B. Exemplary Warhead Groups
  • Y of a warhead group is an isoxazoline compound or derivative capable of covalently binding to serine.
  • Y of a warhead group is an isoxazoline compound or derivative described in WO 2010135360, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • an isoxazoline compound or derivative described in WO 2010135360, as Y of a warhead group can covalently connect to L 2 of the warhead group at any reasonable position of the isoxazoline compound or derivative.
  • Y of a warhead group is: wherein G, R a , and R c are:
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I as a compound of any one of the following formulae:
  • IRAK binding moiety capable of binding to one or more of IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK3, or IRAK4.
  • IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is a IRAK4 binding moiety of formula I-aa: I-aa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined and described herein, and wherein: Ring W is a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; Ring X is phenyl, a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; Ring Y is phenyl or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 hetero
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is a IRAK4 binding moiety of formula I-aa': I-aa' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined and described herein, and wherein: Ring W is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; Ring X is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bi
  • Ring W is a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic carbocyclic or hetereocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring W is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring W is phenyl. In some embodiments, Ring W is naphthyl.
  • Ring W is a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring W is a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00301] In some embodiments, Ring W is a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00302] In some embodiments, Ring W is a 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring W is a 4-6 membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00304] In some embodiments, Ring W is a 6-membered saturated monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1 heteroatom. [00305] In some embodiments, Ring W is cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, Ring W is . In some embodiments, Ring W is . [00306] In some embodiments, Ring W is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • Ring X is phenyl, a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring X is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring X is phenyl. In some embodiments, Ring X is naphthyl.
  • Ring X is a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring X is a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00310] In some embodiments, Ring X is a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00311] In some embodiments, Ring X is a 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring X is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00313] In some embodiments, Ring X is In some embodiments, Ring X is In some embodiments, Ring X is In some embodiments, Ring X is In some embodiments, Ring X is [00314] As defined generally above, Ring Y is phenyl or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring Y is phenyl, naphthyl, a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring Y is phenyl or a 6-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring Y is phenyl.
  • Ring Y is naphthyl. In some embodiments, Ring Y is a 4-10 membered saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring Y is a 5-10 membered mono- or bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00318] In some embodiments, Ring Y is phenyl, a 5-membered monocyclic, or a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring Y is a 5-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring Y is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring Y is .
  • Ring Y is [00322] In some embodiments, Ring Y is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • L v is a covalent bond.
  • L v is a covalent bond or -C(O)NH-.
  • L w is a covalent bond.
  • L x is a covalent bond.
  • L v is a covalent bond or -C(O)NH-.
  • L x is a - C(O)NH-.
  • each R w is independently hydrogen, R A , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -S(O)(NR)R, -P(O)(OR) 2 , -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 , -CF 2 (R), -CFR 2 , -CF 3 , - CR 2 (OR), -CR 2 (NR 2 ), -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)N(R)OR, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , - N(R)C(O)
  • R w is optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R w is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -CR 2 (OR), - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • R w is hydrogen.
  • R w is R A .
  • R w is halogen.
  • R w is –CN.
  • R w is -NO 2 .
  • R w is –OR.
  • R w is SR.
  • R w is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R w is -S(O) 2 NR 2. In some embodiments, R w is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, R w is -S(O)(NR)R. In some embodiments, R w is -P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -CF 2 (R). In some embodiments, R w is - CFR 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -CF 3 .
  • R w is -CR 2 (OR). In some embodiments, R w is -CR 2 (NR 2 ). In some embodiments, R w is -C(O)R. In some embodiments R w is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R w is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -C(O)N(R)OR. In some embodiments, R w is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, R w is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -N(R)C(O)OR. In some embodiments, R w is -N(R)C(O)R.
  • R w is -N(R)C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -N(R)S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, R w is -N + (O-)R2. In some embodiments, R w is - OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, R w is -OP(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -P(O)R2. In some embodiments, R w is -SiR 3 .
  • R w is -Si(OR)R2. In some embodiments, R w is -SF5. In some embodiments, R w is [00337] In some embodiments, R w is -CHF 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -C(OH)(CH 3 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R w is -OMe.
  • each R x and R y are independently hydrogen, R A , halogen, -CN, - NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -S(O)(NR)R, -P(O)(OR) 2 , -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 , -CF 2 (R), -CFR 2 , -CF 3 , -CR 2 (OR), -CR 2 (NR 2 ), -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)N(R)OR, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , - N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(
  • R x is optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -NO 2 , - OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(O)NROR, -C(NOR)R, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -NRC(O)OR, -NRC(O)R, -NRC(O)N(R) 2 , or -NRS(O) 2 R.
  • R x is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, fluoro, chloro, -CN, -CR 2 (OR), - OR, -NR 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, or -C(O)NR 2 .
  • one or more of R x and R y is hydrogen.
  • each R x and R y are independently R A .
  • each R x and R y are independently halogen.
  • one or more of R x and R y is –CN.
  • one or more of R x and R y is -NO 2 .
  • one or more of R x and R y is –OR. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is –SR. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -NR 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -S(O) 2 NR 2. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -S(O)R. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -S(O)(NR)R.
  • one or more of R x and R y is -P(O)(OR) 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -P(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -CF 2 (R). In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -CFR 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -CF 3 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -CR 2 (OR). In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -CR 2 (NR 2 ).
  • one or more of R x and R y is -C(O)R. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -C(O)OR. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -C(O)N(R)OR. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -OC(O)R. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -OC(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -N(R)C(O)OR.
  • one or more of R x and R y is -N(R)C(O)R. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -N(R)C(O)NR 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -N(R)S(O) 2 R. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -N + (O-)R2. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -OP(O)R2. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -OP(O)(OR) 2 .
  • one or more of R x and R y is -OP(O)(OR)NR 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -OP(O)(NR 2 ) 2 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -P(O)R2. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -SiR 3 . In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -Si(OR)R2. In some embodiments, one or more of R x and R y is -SF5.
  • R x and R y are [00343] In some embodiments, R x is In some em x bodiments, R is In some embodiments, R x is [00344] In some embodiments, each R w , R x , and R y are independently selected from those depicted in Table 1, below. [00345] As generally defined above, R z is selected from hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C 1-6 aliphatic or a 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spiro ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R z is . In some embodiments, R z is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R z is an optionally substituted group selected from C 1–6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R z is an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00347] In some embodiments, R z is hydrogen or a 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, or spirocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R z is In some embodiments, . In some embodiments, R z is [00349] As defined generally above, Ring Z is phenyl, a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00350] In some embodiments, Ring Z is phenyl.
  • Ring Z is a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring Z is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00351] In some embodiments, Ring D is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C 1–6 aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or two R groups on the same atom are optionally taken together with their intervening atom to form an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom to which they are attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or two R groups on the same atom, or different atoms, are optionally taken together with their intervening atom to form an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocycl
  • each R is independently hydrogen. In some embodiments, each R is an optionally substituted group selected from C 1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each R is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, each R is an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, each R is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two R groups on the same atom are optionally taken together with their intervening atom to form an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spiro, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom to which they are attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two R groups on the same atom, or different atoms are optionally taken together with their intervening atom to form an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic monocyclic, bicyclic, bridged bicyclic, spirocyclic, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in addition to the atom, or different atoms, to which they are attached, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • each R is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • each R A is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C 1-10 aliphatic, phenyl, a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • each R A is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C 1-10 aliphatic.
  • each R A is independently an optionally substituted phenyl.
  • each R A is independently an optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, each R A is independently an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00357] In some embodiments, each R A is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below. [00358] As generally defined above, n is 0 or 1. [00359] In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. [00360] In some embodiments, n is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • w is independently 0, 1, or 2.
  • w is 0.
  • w is 1.
  • w is 2.
  • w is 0 or 1.
  • w is 1 or 2.
  • x is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • x is 0.
  • x is 1.
  • x is 2.
  • x is 3.
  • x is 4.
  • x is 0 or 1.
  • x is 1 or 2.
  • y is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • y is 0. In some embodiments, y is 1. In some embodiments, y is 2. In some embodiments, y is 3. In some embodiments, y is 4. In some embodiments, y is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, y is 1 or 2. [00367] In some embodiments, w, x, and y are selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa, wherein Ring X is thereby forming a compound of formula I-aa-1: H I-aa-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of Ring W, Ring Y, R w , R x , R z , L v , L w , w, and x is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa, wherein Ring X is , thereby forming a compound of formula I-aa-2: I-aa-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of Ring W, Ring Y, R w , R x , R z , L v , L w , w, and x is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa, wherein Ring X is , thereby forming a compound of formula I-aa-3: I-aa-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of Ring W, Ring Y, R w , R x , R z , L v , L w , w, and x is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa, wherein Ring W is cyclohexyl, L v is a covalent bond, and Ring , thereby forming a compound of formula I-aa-4: I-aa-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of Ring Y, R w , R x , R z , L w , w, and x is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa, wherein Ring W is cyclohexyl, L v is a covalent bond, and Ring X is , thereby forming a compound of formula I-aa-5: I-aa-5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of Ring Y, R w , R x , R z , L w , w, and x is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa, wherein Ring W is cyclohexyl, L v is a covalent bond, and Ring X is , thereby forming a compound of formula I-aa-6: I-aa-6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of Ring Y, R w , R x , R z , L w , w, and x is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa as a compound of any one of the following formulae: I-aa-7
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is a IRAK4 binding moiety of formula I-aa-11: I-aa-11 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a 4-7 membered saturated monocyclic ring having two ring nitrogen atoms; Ring B is a 4-10 membered saturated mono- or bicyclic carbocyclic or hetereocyclic ring having 0-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; Ring C is phenyl, a 4-10 membered saturated or partially unsaturated mono- or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa-11 as a compound of any one of the following formulae: I-aa-11-2 I-aa-11-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each variable is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is a IRAK4 binding moiety of formula I-aa-12: I-aa-12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: each R x is independently hydrogen, R z , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2, -S(O)R, -CF 2 R, -CF 3 , -CR 2 (OR), -CR 2 (NR 2 ), -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , - C(S)NR 2 , -C(O)N(R)OR, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , -N(R)C(O)OR,
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is a IRAK4 binding moiety of either of the following formulae: I-aa-13b or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: each R x is independently hydrogen, R z , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2, -S(O)R, -CFR 2 , -CF 2 R, -CF 3 , -CR 2 (OR), -CR 2 (NR 2 ), -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(
  • the present invention provides the compound of formula I-aa-13a or I-aa-13b as a compound of any one of the following formulae: I-aa-13-1 I-aa-13-8 I-aa-13-14 I-aa-13-20 I-aa-13-23 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each variable is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is a IRAK4 binding moiety of formula I-aa-14: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: each R x is independently hydrogen, deuterium, R z , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, - SR, -NR 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 NR 2 , -S(O)R, -CF 2 R, -CF 3 , -CR 2 F, -CR 2 (OR), - CR 2 (NR 2 ), -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)NR 2 , -C(S)NR 2 , -C(O)N(R)OR, -OC(O)R, -OC(O)NR 2 , - N(
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bb-1 or I-bb-2: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, wherein: A is optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (cycloalkyl)alkyl, optionally substituted (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl-NR
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bb-3 I-bb-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring Z1 is an optionally substituted heteroaryl; Ring Z 2 is an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or a direct bond; R 1 is alkyl, cyano, —NR a R b or optionally substituted groups selected from cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl; wherein the substituent, at each occurrence, independently is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, aminoalkyl, nitro, cyano, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, —OCO—CH 2 —O-alkyl, — OP(O
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bb-4: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X1 and X3 independently are CH or N; X2 is CR 2 or N; provided one and not more than one of X1, X2 or X3 is N; A is O or S; Y is —CH 2 — or O; Ring Z is aryl or heterocyclyl; R 1 , at each occurrence, is independently halo or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; wherein the substituent is alkyl, alkoxy, aminoalkyl, halo, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl or —NR a R b ; R 2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bb-5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of the variables R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , m, n, Z 1 , and Z 2 is as defined and described in WO 2015/193846 which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bb-6 I-bb-6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Z 1 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl or is absent; Z 2 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl; R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, amino, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; R 2 at each occurrence is hydrogen, halogen, amino, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bbb-7: I-bb-7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is selected from O, S, and NH; A is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; R at each occurrence is independently selected from hydrogen, cyano, halo, hydroxy, -N02, -NR 3 R 4 , optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyi, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; wherein the optional substituent, in each occurrence, is independently selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, - NR 5 R 6 or -COOR 7 ; R 1 at each occurence is independently selected from hydrogen
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-cc-1, I-cc-2, I-cc- 3, or I-cc-4: I-cc-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is selected from phenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl; Ring B is selected from phenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1, or 2; one of W and X is N, and the other of W and X is C; Y is N or C—R 2 ; R 1 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 6-membered saturated heterocyclyl, halo, —CN, —C
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-dd-1, I-dd-2, I- dd-3, or I-dd-4: I-dd-2
  • Ring A is selected from phenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl
  • Ring B is selected from phenyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl
  • Ring C is a 3- to 6-membered carbocyclyl, n is 1, 2 or 3
  • p is 0, 1, or 2
  • one of W and X is N, and the other of W and X is C
  • Y is N or C-R 2
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ee-1, I-ee-2, I-ee- 3, or I-ee-4: I-ee-2
  • each X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are independently CR 2 or N;
  • A is O, S, S(O) or S(O) 2 ;
  • Z 1 is optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl-, optionally substituted aralkyl-, optionally substituted heteroaralkyl-, optionally substituted (cycloalkyl)alkyl- , optionally substituted aryloxy-, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy-, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyloxy-, optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy-, optionally substituted aryl-NR′—, optionally substituted heteroaryl-NR′—, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl-NR′—, optionally substituted
  • L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is CR or N; A is O, S, SO 2 , SO, —NRC(O), —NRSO 2 , or N(R); or A is absent; R 3 is —R, halogen, -haloalkyl, —OR, —SR, —CN, —NO 2 , —SO 2 R, —SOR, —C(O)R, —CO 2 R, — C(O)N(R) 2 , —NRC(O)R, —NRC(O)N(R) 2 , —NRSO 2 R, or —N(R) 2 ; or when A is —NRC(O), —NRSO 2 , or N(R); then R and R 3 , together with the atoms to which each is attached, may form a 3-7 membered heterocylic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected
  • I-gg-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is NH or O; b is 0 or 1; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R1 and R2 are independently H, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and heterocyclyl, or R1and R2 can be taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a monocyclic or bicyclic (fused, bridged or spirocyclic) heterocycle containing 3-8 carbon atoms optionally containing, in addition to the nitrogen, one or two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, said alkyl and heterocycle are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from Ra; R 3 is (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl wherein two adjacent alkyl groups can join together and form a bridged moiety of 3-6 carbon atoms; R4 is absent, halo or Ob(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl;
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-gg-3: I-gg-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Q is ⁇ N— or ⁇ CH—; Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 1 is independently —R 2 , halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —SR, —NR 2 , —S(O) 2 R, —S(O) 2 NR 2 , — S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR 2 , —C(O)N
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-gg-4: I-gg-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X and X′ are each independently CR 8 , N or —N + —O ⁇ ; Y is independently N, —N + —O ⁇ or CR 8′ ; provided that at least one of X, X′ or Y is neither N nor —N + —O ⁇ and that no more than one of X, X′ or Y is —N + —O ⁇ ; R 1 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl; C 2 -C 6 alkenyl; C 2 -C 6 alkynyl; —(CR 3a R 3b ) m -(3- to 7-membered cycloalky
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-hh-1 or I-hh-2: I-hh-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: B is CH, N or S; D is CH or N; E is CH or N; F is CH or N; G is CH or N; and J is C or N, wherein when B is S then D is CH, E is N, F is CH, G is N and J is C; X is O, S, CH 2 or N; m is 0 or 1; n is 0, 1 or 2; Ring A is pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl or phenyl; R1 is independently selected from (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, pyrimidine, piperidine and phenyl, each optionally
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-hh-3: I-hh-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is aryl or heterocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R 1 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CN, halo, said alkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halo, OH, CH 3 , and OCH 3 ; R 2 is H and R 3 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-hh-4: I-hh-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is aryl or heterocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R 1 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CN and halo, said alkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halo, OH, CH 3 , and OCH 3 ; R 2 is H and R 3 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-hh-5: I-hh-5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is aryl or heterocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R1 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CN, halo, said alkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halo, OH, CH 3 , and OCH 3 ; R2 is H and R 3 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-hh-6: I-hh-6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is aryl or heterocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R 1 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CN, halo, said alkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halo, OH, CH 3 , and OCH 3 ; R 2 is H and R 3 is independently selected from: (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl each optionally substituted with one or
  • I-hh-8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is N or CH m is 1 or 2; Ar is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, hydroxy-C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl-amino, amino-C 1-6 alkyl, amino-C 1-6 alkyl-amino, hydroxy-C 1-6 alkylamino, C 3-6 cycloalkylamino, amino-C 3- 6 cycloalkylamino, amino-C 3-6 heterocycloalkylamino, aminocarbonyl, halo, hydroxy-C 1-6 alkyl, or hydroxy-C 1-6 alkoxy; and R 2 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; or each of the variables R 1 , R 2 , m, and X is as defined and described in WO
  • R 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or (C 1–6 alkyl)R 6 , wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, R 4 , C 3 -8 cycloalkyl, C 1-3 aminoalkyl, C 1-3 hydroxyalkyl, OR 4 , NR 4 R 5 , NR 4 COR 6 , NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , SO 2 NR 4 R 5 , CONR 4 R 5 and CONR 4 R 5 ;
  • R 2 is aryl, heteroaryl, C 3 -8 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or (C 1–6 alkyl)R 6 , wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl groups are
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ii-1: I-ii-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; Ring wherein represents the portion of the ring fused to the pyrimidine ring and # is -L 2 (R 4 ) P -R X ; each R 1 and R 1’ is independently -R 2 , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 N(R) 2 , -
  • R 1 and R v is independently -R 2 , halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -S(O) 2 R, -S(O) 2 N(R) 2 , -S(O)R, -C(O)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)N(R) 2 , -C(O)N(R)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)OR, -N(R)C(O)N(R) 2 , Cy, or
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ii-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; n is 0-4; each R 1 is independently —R, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —CH 2 OR, —SR, —N(R) 2 , —SO 2 R, — SO 2 N(R) 2 , —SOR, —C(O)R, —CO I R, —C(O)N(R) 2 , —C(O)N(R)—OR, —
  • Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; n is 0-4; each R 1 is independently —R, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —CH 2 OR, —SR, —N(R) 2 , —SO 2 R, — SO 2 N(R) 2 , —SOR, —C(O)R, —CO 2 R, —C(O)N(R) 2 , —C(O)N(R)—OR, —NRC(O)OR, — NRC(O)N(R) 2 , Cy, or —NRSO 2 R; or R 1 is selected from one of the following formulas: or two R 1 groups are
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ii-5 I-ii-5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; n is 0-4; each R 1 is independently —R, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —CH 2 OR, —SR, —N(R) 2 , —S(O) 2 R, — S(O) 2 N(R) 2 , —SOR, —C(O)R, —CO 2 R, —C(O)N(R) 2 , —C(C(O)N(R) 2
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ii-6 I-ii-7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; n is 0-4; each R 1 is independently —R, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —CH 2 OR, —SR, —N(R) 2 , —S(O) 2 R, — S(O) 2 N(R) 2 , —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)N(R) 2
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ii-8 I-ii-8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring or a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; n is 0-4; each R 1 is independently —R, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —CH 2 OR, —SR, —N(R) 2 , —S(O) 2 R, — S(O) 2 N(R) 2 , —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)N(R) 2
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-jj-1, I-jj-2, or I- jj-3:
  • R is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heteroaryl, aryl, halo, amide or CN
  • R 1 is H, aliphatic or heteroaliphatic; or R and R 1 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a heterocyclyl ring
  • R 2 is H, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, amide, heterocyclyl or araliphatic
  • each R 3 independently is H, aliphatic, halogen, heteroaliphatic, —O-aliphatic, heterocyclyl, aryl, araliphatic, —O-heterocyclyl, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, acyl, amide, amino, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, sulfany
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-jj-4: I-jj-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is a monocyclic heteroaryl; R 1 is one to three optionally substituted with R 10 monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl; R 2 is, -C(O)NH 2, -C(O)NH-R 0 , -C(O)NH-R 00 -OH, -C(O)NH-R 00 -OR 0 , -C(O)N(R 0 ) 2 , -C(O)NH- cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH-heterocycloalkyl, -C(O)NH-(pyrazolyl optionally substituted with R 0 ) ,
  • I-jj-5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is CH or N; a is 0 or 1; b is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1 or 2; Ring A is (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocycle optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from R1; R1 is selected from: H, oxo, (C ⁇ O)aOb(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C ⁇ O)aOb-aryl, (C ⁇ O)aOb(C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C ⁇ O)aOb(C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl, CO 2 H, halo, OH, Ob(C 1 -C 6 )fluoroalkyl, (C ⁇ O)aNR 5 R 6 ,
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-1: I-kk-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is N or C—R 7 ; R is hydrogen, R 1 , halogen, cyano, nitro, —OR 1 , —C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)O—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)NR 11 —R 1 , — S( ⁇ O) 2 —R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)NR 11 R 11 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)O—R 1 , — NR 11 S( ⁇ O) 2 R 1 or —NR 11 R 11 ; R 1 is C 1–6 alkyl substituted with
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-2: I-kk-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: A is a triazole optionally substituted by 0-2 R; X is N or C—R 7 ; R is hydrogen, R′, halogen, cyano, nitro, —OR 1 , —C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)O—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)NR 11 —R 1 , — S( ⁇ O) 2 —R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)—R′, —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)NR 11 R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)O—R′, — NR 11 S( ⁇ O) 2 R 1 or —NR 11 R 1 ;
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-4: I-kk-4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is N or C—R 7 ; R is R 1 , halogen, cyano, nitro, —O—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)O—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)NR 11 —R 1 , —S( ⁇ O) 2 — R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)NR 11 —R 1 , —NR 11 C( ⁇ O)O—R 1 , —NR 11 S( ⁇ O) 2 —R 1 , or — NR 11 —R 1 ; R 1 is C 1-6
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-5 or I-kk-6: I-kk-6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: R 1 is: (a) C 2 -3 hydroxyalkyl substituted with zero to 4 R 1a wherein R 1a is independently selected from F, Cl, —OH, —CHF 2 , —CN, —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , and cyclopropyl; (b) C 1-3 alkyl substituted with —O(C 1-3 alkyl) and zero to 4 R 1a wherein R 1a is independently selected from F, Cl, —OH, —CHF 2 , —CN, —CF 3 , and cyclopropyl; (c) C4-8 alkyl substituted with zero to 7 R 1a wherein IRAK is an IRAK
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-7 or I-kk-8: I-kk-8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein each of the variables R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is as defined and described in WO 2014/075675 which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-9: I-kk-9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: HET is a heteroaryl selected from pyrazolyl, indolyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridinyl, and purinyl, wherein said heteroaryl is substituted with R a and R b ; R a is H, F, Cl, Br, —CN, —
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kk-10: I-kk-10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: HET is a heteroaryl selected from pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, imidazolo[4,5-b]pyridinyl, and imidazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidinyl, wherein said heteroaryl is attached to the pyridinyl group in the compound of Formula (I) by a nitrogen ring atom in said heteroaryl and wherein said heteroaryl is substituted with zero to 2 R b ; A is a heteroaryl selected from pyr
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ll-1: I-ll-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: R 1 is an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group; R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R 3 and R 4 are independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, or R 3 and R 4 in combination optionally form an optionally substituted ring; R 5 and R 6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, or R 5 and R 6 in combination optionally form an optionally substituted ring; X is CR 7 R 8 , NR 9 , O or S; R 7 and R 8 are independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, or R 7 and R 8 in combination optionally form an optionally substituted ring;
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-mm-1: I-mm-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: R 1 denotes absent, A or Q-Het, wherein: X denotes O, S or N, Y denotes C or N, T denotes C or N, or Z denotes a pyridine or a pyridazine group, R a is absent, OR 3 , CF 3 , Hal, or NO 2 , R b is absent, A, or COHet, R 2 denotes H, Het, Q-Het, Cyc, A or OA, each Het is independently a 4-9 membered monocyclic ring or a fused, spiro or bridged bicyclic ring, which is saturated, unsaturated, or
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-nn-1: I-nn-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Ring A is phenylene or 5- to 6-membered heteroarylene containing 1-3 heteroatoms chosen from O, S, and N, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with lower alkyl that is further optionally substituted, Ring B is phenylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocycloalkylene containing 1-3 heteroatoms chosen from O, S, and N, or 5- to 6-membered heteroarylene containing 1-3 heteroatoms chosen from O, S, and N, wherein ring B is optionally substituted with lower alkyl that is further optionally substituted, R 3 is chosen from hydrogen, lower alkyl optionally substituted with alkoxy, amino, N-(alkyl)
  • R 7 is chosen from NR 71 and O or R 7 is absent, R 51 is chosen from hydrogen and lower alkyl, R 52 is chosen from hydrogen, lower alkyl, and —C(O)OR 81 , R 61 is chosen from hydrogen, lower alkyl, and —C(O)OR 81 , R 71 is chosen from hydrogen, lower alkyl, and —C(O)OR 81 , and R 81 is lower alkyl; or each of the variables R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , A and B is as defined and described in WO 2014/143672 which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-oo-1: I-oo-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: is a single or double bond; W is selected from CH, CH—CH, O, S, NR 6 , and CO; Y is N or CR 9 ; Z is N or C, and Z is N if W is CH and Y is CR 9 ; R 4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, OR 6 , CN, NR 7 R 8 , CH 2 OR 6 , an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted non-aromatic ring, an optionally substituted carbocycle, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C 1 - C6 haloalkyl,
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-pp-1: I-pp-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Q denotes Ar or Het; E denotes —(CH 2 ) m CO—, —(CH 2 ) m SO 2 , —(CH 2 ) q —, —(CH 2 ) m NHCO—, or a single bond; R 1 denotes H, OH, NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, OC 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, Cyc, Hal, Het 1 , O-Het 1 , CO-Het 1
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-qq-1: I-qq-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is —N ⁇ or —CH ⁇ ; Y is selected from the group consisting of —NR 2 —, —CH 2 —, —CHR— and —O—, such that when Y is —CHR—, R and R 3 together with the carbon to which they are attached optionally form a 4- to 6- membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic ring, wherein the 4- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cyclo
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-qq-2: I-qq-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: X is independently CH or N; Y is H or methyl; a is 0 or 1; b is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; Ring A is (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocycle optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from R 1 ; R 1 is selected from: H, oxo, (C ⁇ O) a O b (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C ⁇ O) a O b -aryl, (C ⁇ O) a O b (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl,
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-rr-1: I-rr-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: Z denotes a group wherein X is CH or N; Y is CH or N; Ra, Rc, R1 denote each independently H, Hal or A1; Rb is H or alkyl; Al is branched or linear alkyl having 1 to 12 C-atoms, wherein one or more, such as 1 to 7, H atoms may be replaced by Hal, ORb, COORb, CN or N(Rb) 2 and wherein one or more, preferably 1 to 5 CH 2 - groups may be replaced by O, CO, NRb or S, SO, SO 2 , 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylen, —CH ⁇ CH— or —C
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-rr-2: I-rr-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein: R1, R 3 denote each, independently of one another H, (CH 2 ) p CON(R5) 2 , OA, Hal, COOH, COOA, (CH 2 ) p NHCOA, (CH 2 ) p Het1, (CH 2 ) p NR 2 R5, or OH; R2 denotes H or linear or branched alkyl with 1, 2 or 3 C atoms, wherein one or two H atoms of the alkyl group are optionally replaced by OR6, NR5R6, NHCOR5, CONR5R6; R4 denotes H or A; R5 denotes H or linear or branched alkyl with 1, 2 or 3 C
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula formula I-zz: I-zz or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein X, Y, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as defined and described in WO 2018/209012, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula formula I-aaa: I-aaa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined and described in US 2018/0230157, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula formula I-bbb: I-bbb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Ring A1, Ring B, Ring C, L 1A , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , n, and p are as defined and described in WO 2018/098367, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula formula I-ccc: I-ccc or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are as defined and described in WO 2018/052058, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ddd: I-ddd or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Ring A, Ring B, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as defined and described in US 2017/0369476, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-eee: I-eee or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are as defined and described in WO 2017/207385, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-fff: I-fff or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Ring A, X, Y, L 1 , Cy 1 , Cy 2 , R 1 R 8 , R 9 , k, m, and n are as defined and described in WO 2017/205766, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula formula I-ggg: I-ggg or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Ring A, L 1 , Cy 1 , Cy 2 , R 1 R 8 , R 9 , m, and n are as defined and described in WO 2017/205762, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-hhh:
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-iii: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Ring X, Z, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R a and p are as defined and described in WO 2017/049068, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-jjj: I-jjj or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein X, X', Y, Y', Z, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , R 5b and R 6 are as defined and described in WO 2017/033093, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-kkk: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein X, X', Y, Y', Z, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , R 5b and R 6 are as defined and described in WO 2017/033093, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-lll: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is as described and defined in WO 2017/148902 and US 2019/071432, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-mmm: I-mmm or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L, X, and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is as described and defined in WO 2017/108744, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-nnn: I-nnn or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Het is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and each of the variables R 1 and Y is as described and defined in WO 2020/036830, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of I-nnn wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, and wherein Het is 1,3,4-thiadiazole; R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1–6 aliphatic or optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; and Y is - CN.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula: I-ooo-1
  • I-ooo-1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/026935 and WO 2023/009833, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ppp: I-ppp or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described and defined in WO 2022/031330, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-qqq:
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-rrr: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/006129, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-sss: I-sss or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/070289, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ttt: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/070288, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-uuu: I-uuuu or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/070287, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of either formulae: I-vvv-1 I-vvv-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in US 2022/144842, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-www: I-www or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/070287, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-xxx: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/135338 and WO 2022/140647, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-yyy: I-yyy or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/140425, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-zzz: I-zzz or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2022/140415, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-aaaa: I-aaaa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2023/039047, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-bbbb: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2023/038815, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-cccc: I-cccc or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2023/075479, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formulae: I-dddd-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2023/116866, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula: I-eeee-1 I-eeee-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2023/116888, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I, wherein IRAK is an IRAK4 binding moiety as shown below to provide a compound of formula I-ffff: I-ffff or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L and DBM are as defined above and described in embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of the variables are as described and defined in WO 2023/192479, the entirety of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Aurigene Discovery Tech. Ltd.
  • Novel IRAK-4 Inhibitors exhibit highly potent anti-proliferative activity in DLBCL cell lines with activation MYD88 L264P mutation, such as, for example: AU-5850, AU-2807, AU-6686, and AU-5792, wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Scott, J.S. et al. Discovery and Optimization of Pyrrolopyrimidine Inhibitors of Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4) for the Treatment of Mutant MYD88 Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. J. Med. Chem. Manuscript, Nov, 29 2017, 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01290 such as, for example:
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Powers, J.P. et al., Discovery and initial SAR of inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4, Bioorg. Med Chem Lett. (2006) 16(11): 2842-45, such as, for example: Compound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3 Compound 4 Compound 5 Compound 6 Compound 11 Compound 12 Compound 13 Compound 14 Compound 15 Compound 16
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Wang, et al., Crystal Structure of IRAK-4 Kinase in Complex with Inhibitors: Serine/Threonine Kinase with Tyrosine as a Gatekeeper, Structure, 2006, 14(12): 1835-44, such as, for example: Compound 1 wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Wang, Z.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Chaudhary, D. et al., Recent Advances in the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4) as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammation and Oncology Disorders, J. Med Chem., 2015, 58(1): 96-110, such as, for example: 1 2 3
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Zhang, D. et al., Constitutive IRAK4 Activation Underlies Poor Prognosis and Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Clin. Can. Res., 2017, 23(7): 1748-59, such as, for example: wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Cushing, L.
  • IRAK4 kinase controls Toll-like receptor induced inflammation through the transcription factor IRF5 in primary human monocytes, J. Bio. Chem., 2017, 292(45): 18689-698, such as, for example:
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Li, N. et al., Targeting interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase for human hepatocellular carcinoma, J. Ex. Clin. Can. Res., 2016, 35(1): 140-50, such as, for example: I-5409 (Sigma) wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Dudhgaonkar, S.
  • IRAK4 Inhibition Attenuates Disease in Murine Lupus Models and Demonstrates Steroid Sparing Activity, J. of Immun., 2017, 198(3): 1308-19, such as, for example BMS-986126, wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Wang, Z. et al., IRAK-4 Inhibitors for Inflammation, Cur. Top. Med. Chem., 2009, 9(8): 724-37, such as, for example: 1 2
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Kelly, P.N. et al., Selective interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and lymphoid malignancy, J. Exp. Med., 2015, 212(13): 2189-201, such as, for example: ND-2158 wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Dunne, A.
  • IRAK1 and IRAK4 Promote Phosphorylation, Ubiquitation, and Degradation of MyD88 Adaptor-like (Mal), J. Bio. Chem., 2010, 285(24): 18276-82, such as, for example: IRAK1/4 inhibitor wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in kuppers, R., IRAK inhibition to shut down TLR signaling in autoimmunity and MyD88-dependent lymphomas, J. Exp.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Chiang, E.Y. et al., Immune Complex-Mediated Cell Activation from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Elaborate Different Requirements for IRAK1/4 Kinase Activity across human Cell Types, J.
  • IRAK1/4 inhibitor wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Lee, K.L.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Kondo, M. et al., Renoprotective effects of novel interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitor AS2444697 through anti-inflammatory action in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol., 2014, 387(10): 909-19, such as, for example: AS2444697 wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Song, K.W. et al., The Kinase activities of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and 4 are redundant in the control of inflammatory cytokine expression in human cells, Mol. Immunol., 2009, 46(7): 1458-66, such as, for example: RO0884, RO1679, or RO6245, wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is selected from a moiety recited in Vollmer, S.
  • an IRAK ligand is selected from moiety recited in McElroy, W.T., et al., Potent and Selective Amidopyrazole Inhibitors of IRAK4 That Are Efficacious in a Rodent Model of Inflammation, Med. Chem. Lett., 2015, 6(6): 677-82, such as, for example: 1 2 6
  • an IRAK ligand is selected from moiety recited in Seganish, W.M., et al., Discovery and Structure Enabled Synthesis of 2,6-diaminopyrimidine-4-one IRAK4 Inhibitors, Med. Chem. Lett., 2015, 6(8): 942-47, such as, for example: 4 5 6
  • an IRAK ligand is selected from moiety recited in Seganish, W.M., et al., Initial optimization and series evolution of diaminopyrimidine inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2015, 25(16): 3203-207, such as, for example: 1 2 16 17
  • IRAK ligand is selected from moiety recited in McElroy, W.T., et al., Discovery and hit-to-lead optimization of 2,6-diaminopyrimidine Inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2015, 25(9): 1836-41, such as, for example: 1 2 3
  • an IRAK ligand is selected from moiety recited in Tumey, L.N., et al., Identification and optimization of indolo[2,3-c]quinoline inhibitors of IRAK4, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2014, 24(9): 2066-72, such as, for example: 9 10 11 32 (sic) wherein -L-DBM is attached to a modifiable carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom.
  • IRAK is .
  • IRAK is In some embodiments, IRAK is In some embodiments, IRAK is In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . In some embodiments, IRAK is . [00489] In some embodiments, IRAK is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below. [00490] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of any one of the following formulae:
  • the present invention provides a compound of any one of the following formulae: I-bb-13
  • Linker (L) As defined above and described herein, L is a bivalent moiety that connects IRAK to DBM. [00493] In some embodiments, L is a bivalent moiety that connects IRAK to DBM.
  • L is a covalent bond or a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-50 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-6 methylene units of L are independently replaced by -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -Cy-, -O-, -N(R)-, -Si(R) 2 -, -Si(OH)(R)-, -Si(OH) 2 -, -P(O)(OR)-, -P(O)(R)-, -P(O)(NR 2 )-, -S-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -N(R)S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 N(R)-, - N(R)C(O)-, -C(O)N(
  • L is a covalent bond.
  • L is a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-50 , C 1-40 , C 1-30 , C 1-20 , or C 1-10 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-6 methylene units of L are independently replaced by -Cy-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, -O-, -N(R)-, -Si(R) 2 -, -Si(OH)(R)- , -Si(OH) 2 -, -P(O)(OR)-, -P(O)(R)-, -P(O)(NR 2 )-, -S-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, - N(R)S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2
  • L is a bivalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1-20 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 0-6 methylene units of L are independently replaced by -Cy-, -CRF-, -CF 2 -, - O-, -N(R)-, -S-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -N(R)S(O) 2 -, -N(R)C(O)-, or -N(R)C(O)O-.
  • each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted bivalent phenylenyl. In some embodiments, each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic arylenyl. In some embodiments, each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclylenyl. In some embodiments, each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated spiro carbocyclylenyl. In some embodiments, each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclylenyl.
  • each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclylenyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 4-11 membered saturated or partially unsaturated spiro heterocyclylenyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclylenyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroarylenyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, each –Cy– is independently an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic heteroarylenyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00499] In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is .
  • –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is
  • –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy— is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is
  • –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . In some embodiments, –Cy– is . [00500] In some embodiments, -Cy- is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below. [00501] In some embodiments, r is 0. In some embodiments, r is 1. In some embodiments, r is 2. In some embodiments, r is 3. In some embodiments, r is 4. In some embodiments, r is 5. In some embodiments, r is 6. In some embodiments, r is 7. In some embodiments, r is 8. In some embodiments, r is 9. In some embodiments, r is 10.
  • L is -NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)- NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1 -10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-NR-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-Cy- . In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-NR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is - Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NR-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. [00504] In some embodiments, L is -CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-CONR-(CH 2 CH 2 O) 1- 10CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1 - 10 aliphatic)-CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)- CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-CONR-Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy- CONR-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-CONR-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. [00505] In some embodiments, L is -NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NRCO-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1- 10CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1 - 10 aliphatic)-NRCO-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NRCO-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)- NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-NRCO-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NRCO-Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy- NRCO-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-NRCO-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. [00506] In some embodiments, L is -O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)- O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1 -10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)- Cy-O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is - Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-O-.In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-Cy-.In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-O-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-O-Cy-(C 1- 10 aliphatic)-. [00507] In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)- Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(CH 2 CH 2 O) 1-10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-.
  • L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-Cy-(C 1-10 aliphatic)-. [00508] In some embodiments, L is -NR-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -NR-(CH 2 ) 1- 10 -.
  • L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -NR-(CH 2 CH 2 O) 1-10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy- NR-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -NR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 - NR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-NR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is - (CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is - (CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NR-.
  • L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-NR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NR-Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-NR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NR-Cy- (CH 2 )1 -10 -.
  • L is -CONR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR- (CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1 -10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-CONR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -.
  • L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-CONR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 - CONR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-CONR-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy- (CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-Cy-.
  • L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-CONR-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -CONR-Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. [00510] In some embodiments, L is -NRCO-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -NRCO- (CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -NRCO-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1 -10 CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • L is -Cy-NRCO-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NRCO-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NRCO-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-NRCO-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -NRCO-.
  • L is -(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 - NRCO-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-NRCO-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy- (CH 2 ) 1-10 -NRCO-Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-NRCO-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -NRCO-Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -.
  • L is -O-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-(CH 2 CH 2 O) 1-10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-O- (CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O- (CH 2 ) 1-10 -.
  • L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-O-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 - Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-O-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-Cy-.
  • L is - Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-O-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -O-Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. [00512] In some embodiments, L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1- 10 -. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 CH 2 O) 1-10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy- (CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-.
  • L is -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -Cy- (CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. [00513] In some embodiments, L is -CO-Cy-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -. In some embodiments, L is -CO-(CH 2 ) 1-10 -Cy- (CH 2 ) 1-10 -.
  • L is -CO-Cy-(CH 2 CH 2 O) 1-10 CH 2 CH 2 -. In some embodiments, L is -CO- Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -CO-Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -. In some embodiments, L is -CO-Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-. In some embodiments, L is -CO-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -Cy-(CH 2 )1- 10-.
  • L is -Cy-Cy-(CH 2 )1 -10 -CO-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-Cy-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1- 10CH 2 -CO-. In some embodiments, L is -Cy-Cy-(CH 2 CH 2 O)1 -10 CH 2 CH 2 -CO-. [00514] In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is .
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
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  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
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  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
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  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiment
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  • L is . In some embodiments, L is O N . In some embodiments, L is N . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments
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  • L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is .In some embodiments, L is H N N . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is
  • L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embodiments, L is . In some embo diments, L is [00515] In some embodiments, L is selected from those depicted in Table B, below. [00516] In some embodiments, L is selected from those depicted in Table 1, below.
  • the point of attachment of L to IRAK and DBM can be, for example when L is , either [00518]
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from those wherein DBM is , TBM is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from those wherein DBM is , TBM is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from those wherein selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from those wherein DBM is , TBM is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from those wherein DBM is , TBM is selected from but not limited to any of those in Table A below, and L is selected from any of those in Table B below.
  • the present invention provides a compound having an DBM binding moiety described and disclosed herein, an IRAK described and disclosed herein, and a linker set forth in Table B above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound having an DBM binding moiety described and disclosed herein, an IRAK set forth in Table A above, and a linker described and disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound having an DBM binding moiety described and disclosed herein, an IRAK set forth in Table A above, and a linker set forth in Table B above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Exemplary compounds of the invention are set forth in Table 1, below. Table 1.
  • the present invention provides a compound set forth in Table 1, above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the invention also provides a compound described herein (such as a compound of formulae I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b'), or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in a method for degrading IRAK4 as described herein and/or in a method for treating an IRAK4-dependent disorder as described herein.
  • the invention also provides a compound described herein (such as a compound of formulae I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b'), or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in a method of degrading IRAK4 as described herein.
  • the invention also provides a compound described herein (such as a compound of formulae I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b'), or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in a method of treating an IRAK4-dependent disorder as described herein.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formulae I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b' as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formulae I-a, I-a', I-b, or I-b' as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle for use as a medicament, such as for degrading IRAK4 as described herein and/or for treating an IRAK4-dependent disorder as described herein. 4.
  • the compounds of this invention may be prepared or isolated in general by synthetic and/or semi-synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art for analogous compounds and by methods described in detail in the Examples, herein.
  • [00535] In the Schemes below, where a particular protecting group, leaving group, or transformation condition is depicted, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other protecting groups, leaving groups, and transformation conditions are also suitable and are contemplated. Such groups and transformations are described in detail in March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, M. B. Smith and J. March, 5 th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, R. C.
  • oxygen protecting group includes, for example, carbonyl protecting groups, hydroxyl protecting groups, etc. Hydroxyl protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable hydroxyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, esters, allyl ethers, ethers, silyl ethers, alkyl ethers, arylalkyl ethers, and alkoxyalkyl ethers.
  • esters include formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfonates.
  • Specific examples include formate, benzoyl formate, chloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, triphenylmethoxyacetate, p-chlorophenoxyacetate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-oxopentanoate, 4,4-(ethylenedithio)pentanoate, pivaloate (trimethylacetyl), crotonate, 4-methoxy- crotonate, benzoate, p-benzylbenzoate, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate, carbonates such as methyl, 9- fluorenylmethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl, vinyl, allyl, and p-nitrobenzyl.
  • silyl ethers examples include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and other trialkylsilyl ethers.
  • Alkyl ethers include methyl, benzyl, p- methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, trityl, t-butyl, allyl, and allyloxycarbonyl ethers or derivatives.
  • Alkoxyalkyl ethers include acetals such as methoxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, (2-methoxyethoxy)methyl, benzyloxymethyl, beta-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, and tetrahydropyranyl ethers.
  • arylalkyl ethers include benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl (MPM), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, O-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-halobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, and 2- and 4-picolyl.
  • Amino protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to, aralkylamines, carbamates, cyclic imides, allyl amines, amides, and the like.
  • Examples of such groups include t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), ethyloxycarbonyl, methyloxycarbonyl, trichloroethyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc), benzyloxocarbonyl (CBZ), allyl, phthalimide, benzyl (Bn), fluorenylmethylcarbonyl (Fmoc), formyl, acetyl, chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, phenylacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, benzoyl, and the like.
  • Scheme 1 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • amine A-1 is coupled to acid A-2 using the coupling agent HATU in the presence of the base DIPEA in DMF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising an amide bond.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between IRAK and the terminal amino group of A-1 or the portion of the linker between DBM and the terminal carboxyl group of A-2, respectively.
  • an amide bond can be formed using coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • Scheme 2 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • amine A-1 is coupled to acid A-2 using the coupling agent PyBOP in the presence of the base DIPEA in DMF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising an amide bond.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between IRAK and the terminal amino group of A-1 or the portion of the linker between DBM and the terminal carboxyl group of A-2, respectively.
  • an amide bond can be formed using coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • Scheme 3 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • acid A-3 is coupled to amine A-4 using the coupling agent HATU in the presence of the base DIPEA in DMF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising an amide bond.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between IRAK and the terminal carboxyl group of A-3 or the portion of the linker between DBM and the terminal amino group of A-4, respectively.
  • an amide bond can be formed using coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • Scheme 4 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • acid A-3 is coupled to amine A-4 using the coupling agent PyBOP in the presence of the base DIPEA in DMF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising an amide bond.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between IRAK and the terminal carboxyl group of A-3 or the portion of the linker between DBM and the terminal amino group of A-4, respectively.
  • an amide bond can be formed using coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • coupling reagents known in the art such as, but not limited to DCC, DIC, EDC, HBTU, HCTU, PyAOP, PyBrOP, BOP, BOP-Cl, DEPBT, T3P, TATU, TBTU, TNTU, TOTU, TPTU, TSTU, or TDBTU.
  • Scheme 5 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • an SNAr displacement of fluoride A-6 by amine A-5 is effected in the presence of the base DIPEA in DMF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising a secondary amine.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between IRAK and the terminal amino group of A-5.
  • Scheme 6 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • an S N Ar displacement of fluoride A-7 by amine A-8 is effected in the presence of the base DIPEA in DMF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising a secondary amine.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between DBM and the terminal amino group of A-8.
  • Scheme 7 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • reductive amination of the mixture of aldehyde A-9 and amine A-10 is effected in the presence of NaHB(OAc) 3 and KOAc in DMF/THF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising a secondary amine.
  • a linker comprising a tertiary amine can be prepared similarily using a secondary amine in place of the primary amine A-10.
  • Scheme 8 Synthesis of Compounds of the Invention
  • reductive amination of the mixture of aldehyde A-12 and amine A-11 is effected in the presence of NaHB(OAc) 3 and KOAc in DMF/THF to form a compound of the invention with a linker comprising a secondary amine.
  • a linker comprising a tertiary amine can be prepared similarily using a secondary amine in place of the primary amine A-11.
  • the squiggly bond represents the portion of the linker between IRAK and the terminal amino group of A-11 or the portion of the linker between DBM and the terminal aldehyde of A-12, respectively.
  • compositions of this invention provides a composition comprising a compound of this invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
  • the amount of compound in compositions of this invention is such that is effective to measurably degrade and/or inhibit an IRAK protein kinase, or a mutant thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient.
  • the amount of compound in compositions of this invention is such that is effective to measurably degrade and/or inhibit an IRAK protein kinase, or a mutant thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient.
  • a composition of this invention is formulated for administration to a patient in need of such composition.
  • a composition of this invention is formulated for oral administration to a patient.
  • compositions of this invention refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene- polyoxyprop
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” means any non-toxic salt, ester, salt of an ester or other derivative of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an inhibitory or degradatory active metabolite or residue thereof.
  • inhibitory active metabolite or residue thereof means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitor of an IRAK protein kinase, or a mutant thereof.
  • compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
  • Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di- glycerides.
  • Fatty acids such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents that are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions.
  • compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
  • carriers commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These can be prepared by mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs.
  • Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.
  • provided pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.
  • Carriers for topical administration of compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
  • provided pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention are formulated for oral administration. Such formulations may be administered with or without food. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention are administered without food. In other embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention are administered with food.
  • compositions of the present invention that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a composition in a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated, the particular mode of administration.
  • provided compositions should be formulated so that a dosage of between 0.01 - 100 mg/kg body weight/day of the compound can be administered to a patient receiving these compositions.
  • a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
  • a compound of the present invention in the composition will also depend upon the particular compound in the composition.
  • Uses of Compounds and Pharmaceutically Acceptable Compositions [00573] Compounds and compositions described herein are generally useful for the degradation and/or inhibition of kinase activity of one or more enzymes.
  • Examples of kinases that are degraded and/or inhibited by the compounds and compositions described herein and against which the methods described herein are useful include those of the interleukin- 1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family of kinases, the members of which include IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof.
  • IRAK interleukin- 1 receptor-associated kinase
  • IRAK-4 A novel member of the IRAK family with the properties of an IRAK-kinase
  • PNAS 2002 99(8), 5567-5572, Flannery et al., “ The interleukin-1 receptor- associated kinases: Critical regulators of innate immune signaling” Biochem Pharm 2010, 80(12), 1981- 1991 incorporated by reference in its entirety .
  • the activity of a compound utilized in this invention as a degrader and/or inhibitor of IRAK- 1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, may be assayed in vitro, in vivo or in a cell line.
  • In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of either the phosphorylation activity and/or the subsequent functional consequences, or ATPase activity of activated IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the inhibitor to bind to IRAK-1, IRAK-2 and/or IRAK-4. Inhibitor binding may be measured by radiolabeling the inhibitor prior to binding, isolating the inhibitor/IRAK-1, inhibitor/IRAK-2, or inhibitor/IRAK-4 complex and determining the amount of radiolabel bound.
  • inhibitor binding may be determined by running a competition experiment where new inhibitors are incubated with IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4 bound to known radioligands.
  • Representative in vitro and in vivo assays useful in assaying an IRAK-4 inhibitor include those described and disclosed in, e.g., Kim et al., “A critical role for IRAK4 kinase activity in Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity,” J. Exp. Med.2007204(5), 1025-1036; Lebakken et al., “A Fluorescence Lifetime Based Binding Assay to Characterize Kinase Inhibitors,” J. Biomol. Screen.
  • the invention relates to a method of inhibiting protein kinase activity or degrading a protein kinase in a biological sample comprising the step of contacting said biological sample with a compound of this invention, or a composition comprising said compound.
  • the invention relates to a method of inhibiting or degrading IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a biological sample comprising the step of contacting said biological sample with a compound of this invention, or a composition comprising said compound.
  • biological sample includes, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.
  • Inhibition and/or degradation of a protein kinase, or a protein kinase selected from IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a biological sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to, blood transfusion, organ-transplantation, biological specimen storage, and biological assays.
  • the best characterized member of the IRAK family is the serine/threonine kinase IRAK-4.
  • IRAK-4 is implicated in signaling innate immune responses from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Toll/IL-1 receptors (TIRs).
  • TLRs Innate immunity detects pathogens through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLRs, when then links to the adaptive immune response.
  • TLRs recognize conserved structures of both microbes and endogenous molecules.
  • TLRs which recognize bacterial and fungal components are located on the cell surface, whereas TLRs which recognize viral or microbial nucleic acids are localized to intracellular membranes such as endosomes and phagosomes.
  • Cell surface TLRs can be targeted by small molecules and antibodies, whereas intracellular TLRs require targeting with oligonucleotides.
  • TLRs mediate the innate immune response by upregulating the expression of inflammatory genes in multiple target cells.
  • TLR-mediated inflammatory response is critical for innate immunity and host defense against infections, uncontrolled inflammation is detrimental to the host leading to sepsis and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic arthritis, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, cancers, autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, asthma, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • NF- ⁇ B nuclear factor- ⁇ B
  • MAP mitogen-activated protein
  • IL-6 interferon-regulatory factor cascades
  • IRAK-4 The kinase activity of IRAK-4 has been shown to play a critical role in the TLR-mediated immune and inflammatory responses.
  • IRAK4 is a key mediator of the innate immune response orchestrated by interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R), IL-33 receptor (IL-33R), and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
  • IL-1R interleukin-1 receptor
  • IL-18R interleukin-18 receptor
  • IL-33 receptor IL-33 receptor
  • TLRs Toll-like receptors
  • Inactivation of IRAK-1 and/or IRAK-4 activity has been shown to result in diminished production of cytokines and chemokines in response to stimulation of IL-1 and TLR ligands.
  • IRAK1 A critical signaling mediator of innate immunity
  • Cellular Signaling 2008 20, 269-276
  • Kim et al. “A critical role for IRAK4 kinase activity in Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity” J. Exp. Med. 2007204(5), 1025-1036
  • Koziczak-Holbro et al. “IRAK-4 Kinase Activity Is Required for Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Receptor- and Toll-like Receptor 7-mediated Signaling and Gene Expression,” J. Biol. Chem.
  • IRAK-4-dependent Degradation of IRAK-1 is a Negative Feedback Signal for TLR-mediated NF- ⁇ B Activation,” J. Biochem. 2008, 143, 295-302; Maschera et al., “Overexpression of an enzymatically inactive interleukin-1-receptor- associated kinase activates nuclear factor- ⁇ B,” Biochem. J.
  • mice are resistant to joint and bone inflammation/destruction in an arthritis model, suggesting that IRAK-4 may be targeted to treat chronic inflammation.
  • IRAK-4 appears to be vital for childhood immunity against some pyogenic bacteria, it has been shown to play a redundant role in protective immunity to most infections in adults, as demonstrated by one study in which patients older than 14 lacking IRAK-4 activity exhibited no invasive infections. Cohen et al., “Targeting protein kinases for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs,” Curr. Opin. Cell Bio. 2009, 21:317-324; Ku et al., “Selective predisposition to bacterial infections in IRAK-4-deficient children: IRAK-4-dependent TLRs are otherwise redundant in protective immunity,” J.
  • IRAK-4 inhibition presents an attractive target for treating the underlying causes of inflammation in countless diseases.
  • Representative IRAK-4 inhibitors include those described and disclosed in e.g., Buckley et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem.
  • treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease or disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof, as described herein.
  • treatment may be administered after one or more symptoms have developed.
  • treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms.
  • treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or delay their recurrence.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a IRAK-1-mediated, a IRAK-2-mediated, and/or a IRAK-4-mediated disorder comprising the step of administering to a patient in need thereof a compound of the present invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof.
  • IRAK-1-mediated means any disease or other deleterious condition in which one or more of IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, are known to play a role.
  • another embodiment of the present invention relates to treating or lessening the severity of one or more diseases in which one or more of IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, are known to play a role.
  • the invention relates to a method of degrading and/or inhibiting one or more of IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a patient comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound of the present invention, or a composition comprising said compound.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a disorder mediated by one or more of IRAK-1, IRAK-2, and/or IRAK-4, or a mutant thereof, in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound according to the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof.
  • Such disorders are described in detail herein.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating one or more disorders, diseases, and/or conditions wherein the disorder, disease, or condition is a cancer, a neurodegenerative disorder, a viral disease, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disorder, a hereditary disorder, a hormone-related disease, a metabolic disorder, conditions associated with organ transplantation, immunodeficiency disorders, a destructive bone disorder, a proliferative disorder, an infectious disease, a condition associated with cell death, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, liver disease, pathologic immune conditions involving T cell activation, a cardiovascular disorder, or a CNS disorder.
  • the disorder, disease, or condition is a cancer, a neurodegenerative disorder, a viral disease, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disorder, a hereditary disorder, a hormone-related disease, a metabolic disorder, conditions associated with organ transplantation, immunodeficiency disorders, a destructive bone disorder, a proliferative disorder, an infectious disease, a condition associated with cell death, thrombin-
  • Diseases and conditions treatable according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, cancer (see, e.g., Ngo, V. et al., “Oncogenically active MYD88 mutations in human lymphoma,” Nature, vol. 000, pp: 1-7 (2010); Lust, J.
  • a human patient is treated with a compound of the current invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, wherein said compound is present in an amount to measurably degrade and/or inhibit IRAK-1 only, IRAK-2-only, IRAK-4-only and/or IRAK1 and IRAK4 kinase activity.
  • Compounds of the current invention are useful in the treatment of a proliferative disease selected from a benign or malignant tumor, solid tumor, carcinoma of the brain, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, bladder, breast, stomach, gastric tumors, ovaries, colon, rectum, prostate, pancreas, lung, vagina, cervix, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx, skin, bone or thyroid, sarcoma, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon carcinoma or colorectal adenoma, a tumor of the neck and head, an epidermal hyperproliferation, psoriasis, prostate hyperplasia, a neoplasia, a neoplasia of epithelial character, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, keratoacanthoma, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, non
  • the proliferative disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is an MyD88 driven disorder.
  • the MyD88 driven disorder which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is selected from ABC DLBCL, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • the proliferative disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is an IL-1 driven disorder.
  • the IL-1 driven disorder is Smoldering of indolent multiple myeloma.
  • Compounds according to the invention are useful in the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases, resulting, for example, in reduction of tissue damage, airways inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, remodeling or disease progression.
  • Inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases to which the present invention is applicable include asthma of whatever type or genesis including both intrinsic (non-allergic) asthma and extrinsic (allergic) asthma, mild asthma, moderate asthma, severe asthma, bronchitic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma and asthma induced following bacterial infection.
  • Treatment of asthma is also to be understood as embracing treatment of subjects, e.g.
  • Compounds according to the invention are useful in the treatment of heteroimmune diseases.
  • heteroimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, graft versus host disease, transplantation, transfusion, anaphylaxis, allergies (e.g., allergies to plant pollens, latex, drugs, foods, insect poisons, animal hair, animal dander, dust mites, or cockroach calyx), type I hypersensitivity, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
  • Prophylactic efficacy in the treatment of asthma will be evidenced by reduced frequency or severity of symptomatic attack, e.g. of acute asthmatic or bronchoconstrictor attack, improvement in lung function or improved airways hyperreactivity. It may further be evidenced by reduced requirement for other, symptomatic therapy, such as therapy for or intended to restrict or abort symptomatic attack when it occurs, for example antiinflammatory or bronchodilatory.
  • Prophylactic benefit in asthma may in particular be apparent in subjects prone to "morning dipping". "Morning dipping" is a recognized asthmatic syndrome, common to a substantial percentage of asthmatics and characterized by asthma attack, e.g. between the hours of about 4 to 6 am, i.e.
  • Compounds of the current invention can be used for other inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases and conditions to which the present invention is applicable and include acute lung injury (ALI), adult/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary, airways or lung disease (COPD, COAD or COLD), including chronic bronchitis or dyspnea associated therewith, emphysema, as well as exacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to other drug therapy, in particular other inhaled drug therapy.
  • ALI acute lung injury
  • ARDS adult/acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • COAD or COLD chronic obstructive pulmonary, airways or lung disease
  • chronic bronchitis or dyspnea associated therewith emphysema
  • exacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to other drug therapy in particular other inhaled drug therapy.
  • the invention is also applicable to the treatment of bronchitis of whatever type or genesis including, but not limited to, acute, arachidic, catarrhal, croupus, chronic or phthinoid bronchitis.
  • inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases to which the present invention is applicable include pneumoconiosis (an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of the lungs, frequently accompanied by airways obstruction, whether chronic or acute, and occasioned by repeated inhalation of dusts) of whatever type or genesis, including, for example, aluminosis, anthracosis, asbestosis, chalicosis, ptilosis, siderosis, silicosis, tabacosis and byssinosis.
  • compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of eosinophil related disorders, e.g. eosinophilia, in particular eosinophil related disorders of the airways (e.g.
  • eosinophilic infiltration of pulmonary tissues including hypereosinophilia as it effects the airways and/or lungs as well as, for example, eosinophil- related disorders of the airways consequential or concomitant to Loffler's syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia, parasitic (in particular metazoan) infestation (including tropical eosinophilia), bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, polyarteritis nodosa (including Churg-Strauss syndrome), eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophil-related disorders affecting the airways occasioned by drug-reaction.
  • Compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of inflammatory or allergic conditions of the skin, for example psoriasis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, erythema multiforma, dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, vitiligo, hypersensitivity angiitis, urticaria, bullous pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, acne vulgaris, and other inflammatory or allergic conditions of the skin.
  • Compounds of the invention may also be used for the treatment of other diseases or conditions, such as diseases or conditions having an inflammatory component, for example, treatment of diseases and conditions of the eye such as ocular allergy, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis, diseases affecting the nose including allergic rhinitis, and inflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmune component or etiology, including autoimmune hematological disorders (e.g.
  • hemolytic anemia aplastic anemia, pure red cell anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia
  • systemic lupus erythematosus rheumatoid arthritis, polychondritis, scleroderma, Wegener granulomatosis, dermatomyositis, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, Steven-Johnson syndrome, idiopathic sprue, autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease (e.g.
  • ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, periodontitis, hyaline membrane disease, kidney disease, glomerular disease, alcoholic liver disease, multiple sclerosis, endocrine ophthalmopathy, Grave's disease, sarcoidosis, alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, multiple sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, uveitis (anterior and posterior), Sjogren's syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, interstitial lung fibrosis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, nephritis, vasculitis, diverticulitis, interstitial cystitis, glomerulonephritis (with and without nephrotic syndrome, e.g.
  • idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or minal change nephropathy chronic granulomatous disease, endometriosis, leptospirosis renal disease, glaucoma, retinal disease, ageing, headache, pain, complex regional pain syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, muscle wasting, catabolic disorders, obesity, fetal growth retardation, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, chronic heart failure, mesothelioma, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Behcet's disease, incontinentia pigmenti, Paget's disease, pancreatitis, hereditary periodic fever syndrome, asthma (allergic and non-allergic, mild, moderate, severe, bronchitic, and exercise-induced), acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, eosinophilia, hypersensitivities, anaphylaxis, nasal sinusitis, ocular allergy, silica induced diseases, COPD (reduction of damage, airways inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity
  • the inflammatory disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is an disease of the skin.
  • the inflammatory disease of the skin is selected from contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, erythema multiforme, dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, vitiligo, hypersensitivity angiitis, urticaria, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and other inflammatory or allergic conditions of the skin.
  • the inflammatory disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is selected from acute and chronic gout, chronic gouty arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS), and osteoarthritis.
  • the inflammatory disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is a TH17 mediated disease.
  • the TH17 mediated disease is selected from Systemic lupus erythematosus, Multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis).
  • the inflammatory disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention is selected from Sjogren's syndrome, allergic disorders, osteoarthritis, conditions of the eye such as ocular allergy, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and vernal conjunctivitis, and diseases affecting the nose such as allergic rhinitis.
  • Cardiovascular diseases which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, restenosis, cardiomegaly, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, reocclusion after angioplasty, restenosis after angioplasty, reocclusion after aortocoronary bypass, restenosis after aortocoronary bypass, stroke, transitory ischemia, a peripheral arterial occlusive disorder, pulmonary embolism, and deep venous thrombosis.
  • the neurodegenerative disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative disease caused by traumatic injury, glutamate neurotoxicity, hypoxia, epilepsy, treatment of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, organ transplantation and graft versus host disease.
  • the loss of IRAK4 function results in decreased A ⁇ levels in an in vivo murine model of Alzheimer's disease and was associated with diminished microgliosis and astrogliosis in aged mice.
  • microglia isolated from the adult mouse brain revealed an altered pattern of gene expression associated with changes in microglial phenotype that were associated with expression of IRF transcription factors that govern microglial phenotype. Further, loss of IRAK4 function also promoted amyloid clearance mechanisms, including elevated expression of insulin-degrading enzyme. Finally, blocking IRAK function restored olfactory behavior (Cameron et al. “Loss of Interleukin Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 Signaling Suppresses Amyloid Pathology and Alters Microglial Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease” Journal of Neuroscience (2012) 32(43), 15112-15123.
  • the invention provides a method of treating, preventing or lessening the severity of Alzheimer's disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition commonly occurring in connection with transplantation.
  • the disease or condition commonly occurring in connection with transplantation is selected from organ transplantation, organ transplant rejection, and graft versus host disease.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a metabolic disease.
  • the metabolic disease is selected from Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a viral disease.
  • the viral infection is HIV infection.
  • the invention provides the use of a compound according to the definitions herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a hydrate or solvate thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a proliferative disease, an inflammatory disease, an obstructive respiratory disease, a cardiovascular disease, a metabolic disease, a neurological disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a viral disease, or a disorder commonly occurring in connection with transplantation.
  • Combination Therapies [00613]
  • additional therapeutic agents which are normally administered to treat that condition, may be administered in combination with compounds and compositions of this invention.
  • additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat a particular disease, or condition, are known as “appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated.”
  • a provided combination, or composition thereof is administered in combination with another therapeutic agent.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a disclosed disease or condition comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and co-administering simultaneously or sequentially an effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents, such as those described herein.
  • the method includes co-administering one additional therapeutic agent.
  • the method includes co-administering two additional therapeutic agents.
  • the combination of the disclosed compound and the additional therapeutic agent or agents acts synergistically.
  • combination therapies of the present invention are administered in combination with a monoclonal antibody or an siRNA therapeutic.
  • Those additional agents may be administered separately from a provided combination therapy, as part of a multiple dosage regimen.
  • those agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with a compound of this invention in a single composition. If administered as part of a multiple dosage regime, the two active agents may be submitted simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of time from one another normally within five hours from one another.
  • the term “combination,” “combined,” and related terms refers to the simultaneous or sequential administration of therapeutic agents in accordance with this invention.
  • a combination of the present invention may be administered with another therapeutic agent simultaneously or sequentially in separate unit dosage forms or together in a single unit dosage form.
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent.
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.
  • One or more other therapeutic agent may be administered separately from a compound or composition of the invention, as part of a multiple dosage regimen.
  • one or more other therapeutic agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with a compound of this invention in a single composition. If administered as a multiple dosage regime, one or more other therapeutic agent and a compound or composition of the invention may be administered simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of time from one another, for example within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 hours from one another. In some embodiments, one or more other therapeutic agent and a compound or composition of the invention are administered as a multiple dosage regimen within greater than 24 hours apart. [00622] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • the therapeutic agent may be administered together with a provided compound, or may be administered prior to or following administration of a provided compound. Suitable therapeutic agents are described in further detail below.
  • a provided compound may be administered up to 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5, hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, or 18 hours before the therapeutic agent.
  • a provided compound may be administered up to 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5, hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, or 18 hours following the therapeutic agent.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating an inflammatory disease, disorder or condition by administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • Such additional therapeutic agents may be small molecules or recombinant biologic agents and include, for example, acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib, colchicine (Colcrys®), corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like, probenecid, allopurinol, febuxostat (Uloric®), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) and chloroquine (Aralen®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®), gold salts such as gold thioglucose (Solganal®), gold thiomalate (Myochrysine®) and auranof
  • the present invention provides a method of treating gout comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib, colchicine (Colcrys®), corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like, probenecid, allopurinol and febuxostat (Uloric®).
  • NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • ibuprofen such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib
  • colchicine Coldertisone
  • corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone,
  • the present invention provides a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib, corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like, sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) and chloroquine (Aralen®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®), gold salts such as gold thioglucose (Solganal®), gold thiomalate (Myochrysine®) and auranofin (Ridaura®), D- penicill
  • NSAIDS non-ster
  • the present invention provides a method of treating osteoarthritis comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib, diclofenac, cortisone, hyaluronic acid (Synvisc® or Hyalgan®) and monoclonal antibodies such as tanezumab.
  • NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • the present invention provides a method of treating lupus comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib, corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like, antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) and chloroquine (Aralen®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®), azathioprine (Imuran®) and anticoagulants such as heparin (Calcinparine® or Liquaemin®) and warfarin (Coumadin®).
  • NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
  • the present invention provides a method of treating inflammatory bowel disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from mesalamine (Asacol®) sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), antidiarrheals such as diphenoxylate (Lomotil®) and loperamide (Imodium®), bile acid binding agents such as cholestyramine, alosetron (Lotronex®), lubiprostone (Amitiza®), laxatives such as Milk of Magnesia, polyethylene glycol (MiraLax®), Dulcolax®, Correctol® and Senokot® and anticholinergics or antispasmodics such as dicyclomine (Bentyl®), anti-TNF therapies, steroids, and antibiotics such as Flagyl or ciprofloxacin.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating asthma comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from Singulair®, beta-2 agonists such as albuterol (Ventolin® HFA, Proventil® HFA), levalbuterol (Xopenex®), metaproterenol (Alupent®), pirbuterol acetate (Maxair®), terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire®), salmeterol xinafoate (Serevent®) and formoterol (Foradil®), anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) and tiotropium (Spiriva®), inhaled corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, beclomethasone dipropionate (Beclovent®, Qvar®, and Vanceril®), triamcinolone acetonide (Az
  • the present invention provides a method of treating COPD comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from beta-2 agonists such as albuterol (Ventolin® HFA, Proventil® HFA), levalbuterol (Xopenex®), metaproterenol (Alupent®), pirbuterol acetate (Maxair®), terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire®), salmeterol xinafoate (Serevent®) and formoterol (Foradil®), anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) and tiotropium (Spiriva®), methylxanthines such as theophylline (Theo-Dur®, Theolair®, Slo-bid®, Uniphyl®, Theo-24®) and aminophylline, inhaled corticosteroids such as prednisone, predn
  • beta-2 agonists such
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a hematological malignancy comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a SYK inhibitor, and combinations thereof.
  • additional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a solid tumor comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a SYK inhibitor, and combinations thereof.
  • additional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a hematological malignancy comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and a Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway inhibitor.
  • the hematological malignancy is DLBCL (Ramirez et al “Defining causative factors contributing in the activation of hedgehog signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma” Leuk. Res. (2012), published online July 17, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • the present invention provides a method of treating diffuse large B- cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, and combinations thereof.
  • rituximab Renuxan®
  • Cytoxan® cyclophosphamide
  • doxorubicin Hydrodaunorubicin®
  • vincristine Oncovin®
  • prednisone a hedgehog signaling inhibitor
  • the present invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from bortezomib (Velcade®), and dexamethasone (Decadron®), a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a SYK inhibitor in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid®).
  • additional therapeutic agents selected from bortezomib (Velcade®), and dexamethasone (Decadron®), a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a SYK inhibitor in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid®).
  • the present invention provides a method of treating Waldenström's macroglobulinemia comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from chlorambucil (Leukeran®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®, Neosar®), fludarabine (Fludara®), cladribine (Leustatin®), rituximab (Rituxan®), a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, and a SYK inhibitor.
  • additional therapeutic agents selected from chlorambucil (Leukeran®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®, Neosar®), fludarabine (Fludara®), cladribine (Leustatin®), rituximab (Rituxan®), a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an antagonist of the hedgehog pathway.
  • Approved hedgehog pathway inhibitors which may be used in the present invention include sonidegib (Odomzo®, Sun Pharmaceuticals); and vismodegib (Erivedge®, Genentech), both for treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor.
  • PARP Poly ADP ribose polymerase
  • a PARP inhibitor is selected from olaparib (Lynparza®, AstraZeneca); rucaparib (Rubraca®, Clovis Oncology); niraparib (Zejula®, Tesaro); talazoparib (MDV3800/BMN 673/LT00673, Medivation/Pfizer/Biomarin); veliparib (ABT-888, AbbVie); and BGB- 290 (BeiGene, Inc.).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • an HDAC inhibitor is selected from vorinostat (Zolinza®, Merck); romidepsin (Istodax®, Celgene); panobinostat (Farydak®, Novartis); belinostat (Beleodaq®, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals); entinostat (SNDX-275, Syndax Pharmaceuticals) (NCT00866333); and chidamide (Epidaza®, HBI-8000, Chipscreen Biosciences, China).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a CDK inhibitor, such as a CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor.
  • a CDK 4/6 inhibitor is selected from palbociclib (Ibrance®, Pfizer); ribociclib (Kisqali®, Novartis); abemaciclib (Ly2835219, Eli Lilly); and trilaciclib (G1T28, G1 Therapeutics).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a folic acid inhibitor. Approved folic acid inhibitors useful in the present invention include pemetrexed (Alimta®, Eli Lilly).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) inhibitor.
  • CCR4 inhibitors being studied that may be useful in the present invention include mogamulizumab (Poteligeo®, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Japan).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor.
  • IDH inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present invention include AG120 (Celgene; NCT02677922); AG221 (Celgene, NCT02677922; NCT02577406); BAY1436032 (Bayer, NCT02746081); IDH305 (Novartis, NCT02987010).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an arginase inhibitor.
  • Arginase inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present invention include AEB1102 (pegylated recombinant arginase, Aeglea Biotherapeutics), which is being studied in Phase 1 clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (NCT02732184) and solid tumors (NCT02561234); and CB-1158 (Calithera Biosciences).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a glutaminase inhibitor.
  • Glutaminase inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present invention include CB-839 (Calithera Biosciences).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an antibody that binds to tumor antigens, that is, proteins expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells.
  • Approved antibodies that bind to tumor antigens which may be used in the present invention include rituximab (Rituxan®, Genentech/BiogenIdec); ofatumumab (anti-CD20, Arzerra®, GlaxoSmithKline); obinutuzumab (anti- CD20, Gazyva®, Genentech), ibritumomab (anti-CD20 and Yttrium-90, Zevalin®, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals); daratumumab (anti-CD38, Darzalex®, Janssen Biotech), dinutuximab (anti-glycolipid GD2, Unituxin®, United Therapeutics); trastuzumab (anti-HER2, Herceptin®, Genentech); ado- trastuzumab emtansine (anti-
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a topoisomerase inhibitor.
  • Approved topoisomerase inhibitors useful in the present invention include irinotecan (Onivyde®, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals); topotecan (Hycamtin®, GlaxoSmithKline).
  • Topoisomerase inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present invention include pixantrone (Pixuvri®, CTI Biopharma).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2.
  • Approved anti-apoptotics which may be used in the present invention include venetoclax (Venclexta®, AbbVie/Genentech); and blinatumomab (Blincyto®, Amgen).
  • Other therapeutic agents targeting apoptotic proteins which have undergone clinical testing and may be used in the present invention include navitoclax (ABT-263, Abbott), a BCL-2 inhibitor (NCT02079740).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an androgen receptor inhibitor.
  • Approved androgen receptor inhibitors useful in the present invention include enzalutamide (Xtandi®, Astellas/Medivation); approved inhibitors of androgen synthesis include abiraterone (Zytiga®, Centocor/Ortho); approved antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (degaralix, Firmagon®, Ferring Pharmaceuticals).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which interferes with the synthesis or activity of estrogens.
  • SERMs useful in the present invention include raloxifene (Evista®, Eli Lilly).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of bone resorption.
  • An approved therapeutic which inhibits bone resorption is Denosumab (Xgeva®, Amgen), an antibody that binds to RANKL, prevents binding to its receptor RANK, found on the surface of osteoclasts, their precursors, and osteoclast-like giant cells, which mediates bone pathology in solid tumors with osseous metastases.
  • Other approved therapeutics that inhibit bone resorption include bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (Zometa®, Novartis).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of interaction between the two primary p53 suppressor proteins, MDMX and MDM2.
  • Inhibitors of p53 suppression proteins being studied which may be used in the present invention include ALRN-6924 (Aileron), a stapled peptide that equipotently binds to and disrupts the interaction of MDMX and MDM2 with p53.
  • ALRN-6924 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of AML, advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (NCT02909972; NCT02264613).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta or TGFß).
  • Inhibitors of TGF-beta proteins being studied which may be used in the present invention include NIS793 (Novartis), an anti-TGF-beta antibody being tested in the clinic for treatment of various cancers, including breast, lung, hepatocellular, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate and renal cancer (NCT 02947165).
  • the inhibitor of TGF-beta proteins is fresolimumab (GC1008; Sanofi-Genzyme), which is being studied for melanoma (NCT00923169); renal cell carcinoma (NCT00356460); and non-small cell lung cancer (NCT02581787).
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a TGF-beta trap, such as described in Connolly et al. (2012) Int'l J. Biological Sciences 8:964-978.
  • TGF-beta trap such as described in Connolly et al. (2012) Int'l J. Biological Sciences 8:964-978.
  • M7824 Merck KgaA - formerly MSB0011459X
  • NCT02699515 a bispecific, anti-PD-L1/TGFß trap compound
  • NCT02517398 NCT02517398
  • M7824 is comprised of a fully human IgG1 antibody against PD-L1 fused to the extracellular domain of human TGF-beta receptor II, which functions as a TGFß “trap.”
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is selected from glembatumumab vedotin-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) (Celldex), an anti-glycoprotein NMB (gpNMB) antibody (CR011) linked to the cytotoxic MMAE.
  • gpNMB is a protein overexpressed by multiple tumor types associated with cancer cells' ability to metastasize.
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an antiproliferative compound.
  • antiproliferative compounds include, but are not limited to aromatase inhibitors; antiestrogens; topoisomerase I inhibitors; topoisomerase II inhibitors; microtubule active compounds; alkylating compounds; histone deacetylase inhibitors; compounds which induce cell differentiation processes; cyclooxygenase inhibitors; MMP inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors; antineoplastic antimetabolites; platin compounds; compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity and further anti-angiogenic compounds; compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase; gonadorelin agonists; anti-androgens; methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; bisphosphonates; biological response modifiers; antiproliferative antibodies; heparanase inhibitors; inhibitors of Ras oncogenic isoforms; telomerase inhibitors; proteasome inhibitors; compounds used in
  • the present invention provides a method of treating Alzheimer's disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from donepezil (Aricept ® ), rivastigmine (Excelon ® ), galantamine (Razadyne ® ), tacrine (Cognex ® ), and memantine (Namenda ® ).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a taxane compound, which causes disruption of microtubules, which are essential for cell division.
  • a taxane compound is selected from paclitaxel (Taxol®, Bristol-Myers Squibb), docetaxel (Taxotere®, Sanofi-Aventis; Docefrez®, Sun Pharmaceutical), albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane®; Abraxis/Celgene), cabazitaxel (Jevtana®, Sanofi-Aventis), and SID530 (SK Chemicals, Co.) (NCT00931008).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a nucleoside inhibitor, or a therapeutic agent that interferes with normal DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, cell replication, or will otherwise inhibit rapidly proliferating cells.
  • a nucleoside inhibitor is selected from trabectedin (guanidine alkylating agent, Yondelis®, Janssen Oncology), mechlorethamine (alkylating agent, Valchlor®, Aktelion Pharmaceuticals); vincristine (Oncovin®, Eli Lilly; Vincasar®, Teva Pharmaceuticals; Marqibo®, Talon Therapeutics); temozolomide (prodrug to alkylating agent 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl)-imidazole-4- carboxamide (MTIC) Temodar®, Merck); cytarabine injection (ara-C, antimetabolic cytidine analog, Pfizer); lomustine (alkylating agent, CeeNU®, Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gleostine®, NextSource Biotechnology); azacitidine (pyrimidine nucleoside analog of cytidine, Vidaza®, Celgene); omacetaxine mepes
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a kinase inhibitor or VEGF-R antagonist.
  • Approved VEGF inhibitors and kinase inhibitors useful in the present invention include: bevacizumab (Avastin®, Genentech/Roche) an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; ramucirumab (Cyramza®, Eli Lilly), an anti-VEGFR-2 antibody and ziv-aflibercept, also known as VEGF Trap (Zaltrap®; Regeneron/Sanofi).
  • VEGFR inhibitors such as regorafenib (Stivarga®, Bayer); vandetanib (Caprelsa®, AstraZeneca); axitinib (Inlyta®, Pfizer); and lenvatinib (Lenvima®, Eisai); Raf inhibitors, such as sorafenib (Nexavar®, Bayer AG and Onyx); dabrafenib (Tafinlar®, Novartis); and vemurafenib (Zelboraf®, Genentech/Roche); MEK inhibitors, such as cobimetanib (Cotellic®, Exelexis/Genentech/Roche); trametinib (Mekinist®, Novartis); Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib (Gleevec®, Novartis); nilotinib (Tasigna®, Nov
  • kinase inhibitors and VEGF-R antagonists that are in development and may be used in the present invention include tivozanib (Aveo Pharmaecuticals); vatalanib (Bayer/Novartis); lucitanib (Clovis Oncology); dovitinib (TKI258, Novartis); Chiauanib (Chipscreen Biosciences); CEP-11981 (Cephalon); linifanib (Abbott Laboratories); neratinib (HKI-272, Puma Biotechnology); radotinib (Supect®, IY5511, Il-Yang Pharmaceuticals, S.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating organ transplant rejection or graft vs.
  • host disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from a steroid, cyclosporin, FK506, rapamycin, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, and a SYK inhibitor.
  • additional therapeutic agents selected from a steroid, cyclosporin, FK506, rapamycin, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, and a SYK inhibitor.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or lessening the severity of a disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and a BTK inhibitor, wherein the disease is selected from inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, Still's disease, juvenile arthritis, diabetes, myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Ord's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Addison's disease, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, ankylosing spondylosis
  • the disease is selected from
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or lessening the severity of a disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and a PI3K inhibitor, wherein the disease is selected from a cancer, a neurodegenerative disorder, an angiogenic disorder, a viral disease, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disorder, a hormone-related disease, conditions associated with organ transplantation, immunodeficiency disorders, a destructive bone disorder, a proliferative disorder, an infectious disease, a condition associated with cell death, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), liver disease, pathologic immune conditions involving T cell activation, a cardiovascular disorder, and a CNS disorder.
  • the disease is selected from a cancer, a neurodegenerative disorder, an angiogenic disorder, a viral disease, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disorder, a hormone-related disease, conditions associated with organ transplantation, immunodeficiency
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or lessening the severity of a disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided compound and a PI3K inhibitor, wherein the disease is selected from benign or malignant tumor, carcinoma or solid tumor of the brain, kidney (e.g., renal cell carcinoma (RCC)), liver, adrenal gland, bladder, breast, stomach, gastric tumors, ovaries, colon, rectum, prostate, pancreas, lung, vagina, endometrium, cervix, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx, skin, bone or thyroid, sarcoma, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, multiple myeloma or gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon carcinoma or colorectal adenoma or a tumor of the neck and head, an epidermal hyperproliferation, psoriasis, prostate hyperplasia, a neoplasia, a n
  • hemolytic anemia aplastic anemia, pure red cell anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia
  • systemic lupus erythematosus rheumatoid arthritis, polychondritis, scleroderma, Wegener granulomatosis, dermatomyositis, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, Steven-Johnson syndrome, idiopathic sprue, autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease (e.g.
  • ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease endocrine ophthalmopathy
  • Grave's disease sarcoidosis, alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, multiple sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, uveitis (anterior and posterior), keratoconjunctivitis sicca and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, interstitial lung fibrosis, psoriatic arthritis and glomerulonephritis (with and without nephrotic syndrome, e.g.
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor.
  • PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
  • a PI3K inhibitor is selected from idelalisib (Zydelig®, Gilead), alpelisib (BYL719, Novartis), taselisib (GDC-0032, Genentech/Roche); pictilisib (GDC-0941, Genentech/Roche); copanlisib (BAY806946, Bayer); duvelisib (formerly IPI-145, Infinity Pharmaceuticals); PQR 3 09 (Piqur Therapeutics, Switzerland); and TGR1202 (formerly RP5230, TG Therapeutics). [00668] A compound of the current invention may also be used to advantage in combination with other antiproliferative compounds.
  • antiproliferative compounds include, but are not limited to aromatase inhibitors; antiestrogens; topoisomerase I inhibitors; topoisomerase II inhibitors; microtubule active compounds; alkylating compounds; histone deacetylase inhibitors; compounds which induce cell differentiation processes; cyclooxygenase inhibitors; MMP inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors; antineoplastic antimetabolites; platin compounds; compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity and further anti-angiogenic compounds; compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase; gonadorelin agonists; anti-androgens; methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; bisphosphonates; biological response modifiers; antiproliferative antibodies; heparanase inhibitors; inhibitors of Ras oncogenic isoforms; telomerase inhibitors; proteasome inhibitors; compounds used in
  • aromatase inhibitor as used herein relates to a compound which inhibits estrogen production, for instance, the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively.
  • the term includes, but is not limited to steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestane and, in particular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketoconazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole.
  • Exemestane is marketed under the trade name AromasinTM.
  • Formestane is marketed under the trade name LentaronTM. Fadrozole is marketed under the trade name AfemaTM. Anastrozole is marketed under the trade name ArimidexTM. Letrozole is marketed under the trade names FemaraTM or FemarTM. Aminoglutethimide is marketed under the trade name OrimetenTM.
  • a combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an aromatase inhibitor is particularly useful for the treatment of hormone receptor positive tumors, such as breast tumors.
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an mTOR inhibitor, which inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis and glucose uptake.
  • an mTOR inhibitor is everolimus (Afinitor®, Novartis); temsirolimus (Torisel®, Pfizer); and sirolimus (Rapamune®, Pfizer).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an aromatase inhibitor.
  • an aromatase inhibitor is selected from exemestane (Aromasin®, Pfizer); anastazole (Arimidex®, AstraZeneca) and letrozole (Femara®, Novartis).
  • the term "antiestrogen” as used herein relates to a compound which antagonizes the effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level.
  • Tamoxifen is marketed under the trade name NolvadexTM.
  • Raloxifene hydrochloride is marketed under the trade name EvistaTM.
  • Fulvestrant can be administered under the trade name FaslodexTM.
  • a combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an antiestrogen is particularly useful for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive tumors, such as breast tumors.
  • anti-androgen as used herein relates to any substance which is capable of inhibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide (CasodexTM).
  • gonadorelin agonist as used herein includes, but is not limited to abarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate. Goserelin can be administered under the trade name ZoladexTM.
  • topoisomerase I inhibitor includes, but is not limited to topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecian and its analogues, 9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148.
  • Irinotecan can be administered, e.g. in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CamptosarTM.
  • Topotecan is marketed under the trade name HycamptinTM.
  • topoisomerase II inhibitor includes, but is not limited to the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (including liposomal formulation, such as CaelyxTM), daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.
  • Etoposide is marketed under the trade name EtopophosTM.
  • Teniposide is marketed under the trade name VM 26-Bristol
  • Doxorubicin is marketed under the trade name Acriblastin TM or AdriamycinTM.
  • microtubule active agent relates to microtubule stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds and microtublin polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as vinblastine or vinblastine sulfate, vincristine or vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides; cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof.
  • Paclitaxel is marketed under the trade name TaxolTM.
  • Docetaxel is marketed under the trade name TaxotereTM.
  • Vinblastine sulfate is marketed under the trade name Vinblastin R.PTM.
  • Vincristine sulfate is marketed under the trade name FarmistinTM.
  • alkylating agent includes, but is not limited to, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or Gliadel).
  • Cyclophosphamide is marketed under the trade name CyclostinTM. Ifosfamide is marketed under the trade name HoloxanTM.
  • histone deacetylase inhibitors or "HDAC inhibitors” relates to compounds which inhibit the histone deacetylase and which possess antiproliferative activity. This includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • antiproliferative activity This includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • antiproliferative activity This includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • antiproliferative activity includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • antiproliferative activity includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • antiproliferative activity includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • antiproliferative activity includes, but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
  • Gemcitabine is marketed under the trade name GemzarTM.
  • the term "platin compound" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, carboplatin, cis- platin, cisplatinum and oxaliplatin.
  • Carboplatin can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CarboplatTM.
  • Oxaliplatin can be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark EloxatinTM.
  • Bcl-2 inhibitor includes, but is not limited to compounds having inhibitory activity against B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), including but not limited to ABT-199, ABT- 731, ABT-737, apogossypol, Ascenta's pan-Bcl-2 inhibitors, curcumin (and analogs thereof), dual Bcl- 2/Bcl-xL inhibitors (Infinity Pharmaceuticals/Novartis Pharmaceuticals), Genasense (G3139), HA14-1 (and analogs thereof; see WO2008118802), navitoclax (and analogs thereof, see US7390799), NH-1 (Shenayng Pharmaceutical University), obatoclax (and analogs thereof, see WO2004106328), S-001 (Gloria Pharmaceuticals), TW series compounds (Univ.
  • the Bcl-2 inhibitor is a small molecule therapeutic. In some embodiments the Bcl-2 inhibitor is a peptidomimetic.
  • the term "compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity; or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity; or further anti-angiogenic compounds" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, such as a) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the platelet-derived growth factor- receptors (PDGFR), such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR, especially compounds which inhibit the PDGF receptor, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib, SU101, SU6668 and GFB-111; b) compounds targeting
  • BCR-Abl kinase and mutants, such as compounds which target decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Abl family members and their gene fusion products, such as an N- phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib or nilotinib (AMN107); PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955 from ParkeDavis; or dasatinib (BMS-354825); j) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK/pan-JAK, FAK, PDK1, PKB/Akt, Ras/MAPK, PI3K, SYK, TYK2, BTK and TEC family, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) including staurosporine derivatives, such as midostaurin
  • a protein or lipid phosphatase are e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is a growth factor antagonist, such as an antagonist of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or epidermal growth factor (EGF) or its receptor (EGFR).
  • PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor
  • Approved PDGF antagonists which may be used in the present invention include olaratumab (Lartruvo®; Eli Lilly).
  • Approved EGFR antagonists which may be used in the present invention include cetuximab (Erbitux®, Eli Lilly); necitumumab (Portrazza®, Eli Lilly), panitumumab (Vectibix®, Amgen); and osimertinib (targeting activated EGFR, Tagrisso®, AstraZeneca).
  • PI3K inhibitor includes, but is not limited to compounds having inhibitory activity against one or more enzymes in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase family, including, but not limited to PI3K ⁇ , PI3K ⁇ , PI3K ⁇ , PI3K ⁇ , PI3K-C2 ⁇ , PI3K-C2 ⁇ , PI3K-C2 ⁇ , Vps34, p110- ⁇ , p110- ⁇ , p110- ⁇ , p110- ⁇ , p110- ⁇ , p85- ⁇ , p85- ⁇ , p55- ⁇ , p150, p101, and p87.
  • PI3K inhibitors useful in this invention include but are not limited to ATU-027, SF-1126, DS-7423, PBI-05204, GSK-2126458, ZSTK- 474, buparlisib, pictrelisib, PF-4691502, BYL-719, dactolisib, XL-147, XL-765, and idelalisib.
  • BK inhibitor includes, but is not limited to compounds having inhibitory activity against Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), including, but not limited to AVL-292 and ibrutinib.
  • SYK inhibitor includes, but is not limited to compounds having inhibitory activity against spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), including but not limited to PRT-062070, R-343, R-333, Excellair, PRT-062607, and fostamatinib
  • SYK spleen tyrosine kinase
  • Further examples of BTK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatable by such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in WO2008039218 and WO2011090760, the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • SYK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatable by such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in WO2003063794, WO2005007623, and WO2006078846, the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • PI3K inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatable by such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in WO2004019973, WO2004089925, WO2007016176, US8138347, WO2002088112, WO2007084786, WO2007129161, WO2006122806, WO2005113554, and WO2007044729 the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • JAK inhibitory compounds and conditions treatable by such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in WO2009114512, WO2008109943, WO2007053452, WO2000142246, and WO2007070514, the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having another mechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition e.g. thalidomide (ThalomidTM) and TNP-470.
  • proteasome inhibitors useful for use in combination with compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to bortezomib, disulfiram, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), salinosporamide A, carfilzomib, ONX-0912, CEP-18770, and MLN9708.
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase are e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.
  • Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes include, but are not limited to, retinoic acid, ⁇ - ⁇ - or ⁇ - tocopherol or ⁇ - ⁇ - or ⁇ -tocotrienol.
  • the term cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to, Cox-2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and derivatives, such as celecoxib (CelebrexTM), rofecoxib (VioxxTM), etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2- arylaminophenylacetic acid, such as 5-methyl-2-(2'-chloro-6'-fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid, lumiracoxib.
  • bisphosphonates includes, but is not limited to, etridonic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic, ibandronic, risedronic and zoledronic acid.
  • Etridonic acid is marketed under the trade name DidronelTM.
  • Clodronic acid is marketed under the trade name BonefosTM.
  • Tiludronic acid is marketed under the trade name SkelidTM.
  • Pamidronic acid is marketed under the trade name ArediaTM.
  • Alendronic acid is marketed under the trade name FosamaxTM.
  • Ibandronic acid is marketed under the trade name BondranatTM.
  • Risedronic acid is marketed under the trade name ActonelTM.
  • Zoledronic acid is marketed under the trade name ZometaTM.
  • mTOR inhibitors relates to compounds which inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and which possess antiproliferative activity such as sirolimus (Rapamune®), everolimus (CerticanTM), CCI-779 and ABT578.
  • heparanase inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation. The term includes, but is not limited to, PI-88.
  • biological response modifier as used herein refers to a lymphokine or interferons.
  • inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms such as H-Ras, K-Ras, or N-Ras
  • inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the oncogenic activity of Ras; for example, a “farnesyl transferase inhibitor” such as L-744832, DK8G557 or R115777 (ZarnestraTM).
  • telomerase inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase. Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase are especially compounds which inhibit the telomerase receptor, such as telomestatin.
  • methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase.
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase include, but are not limited to, bengamide or a derivative thereof.
  • proteasome inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome.
  • MMP matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
  • FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R); interferon, 1- ⁇ -D- arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and bisulfan; and ALK inhibitors, which are compounds which target, decrease or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
  • FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the Flt-3R receptor kinase family, such as PKC412, midostaurin, a staurosporine derivative, SU11248 and MLN518.
  • HSP90 inhibitors includes, but is not limited to, compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90; degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway.
  • Compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the ATPase activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors.
  • antiproliferative antibodies includes, but is not limited to, trastuzumab (HerceptinTM), Trastuzumab-DM1, erbitux, bevacizumab (AvastinTM), rituximab (Rituxan ® ), PRO64553 (anti-CD40) and 2C4 Antibody.
  • antibodies is meant intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least 2 intact antibodies, and antibodies fragments so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
  • compounds of the current invention can be used in combination with standard leukemia therapies, especially in combination with therapies used for the treatment of AML.
  • compounds of the current invention can be administered in combination with, for example, farnesyl transferase inhibitors and/or other drugs useful for the treatment of AML, such as Daunorubicin, Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin, Carboplatinum and PKC412.
  • drugs useful for the treatment of AML such as Daunorubicin, Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin, Carboplatinum and PKC412.
  • Other anti-leukemic compounds include, for example, Ara-C, a pyrimidine analog, which is the 2 ' -alpha-hydroxy ribose (arabinoside) derivative of deoxycytidine. Also included is the purine analog of hypoxanthine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and fludarabine phosphate.
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • SAHA suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
  • HDAC inhibitors include MS275, SAHA, FK228 (formerly FR901228), Trichostatin A and compounds disclosed in US 6,552,065 including, but not limited to, N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)- ethyl]- amino]methyl]phenyl]-2E-2-propenamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and N- hydroxy-3-[4-[(2-hydroxyethyl) ⁇ 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-amino]methyl]phenyl]-2E-2- propenamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, especially the lactate salt.
  • Somatostatin receptor antagonists as used herein refer to compounds which target, treat or inhibit the somatostatin receptor such as octreotide, and SOM230.
  • Tumor cell damaging approaches refer to approaches such as ionizing radiation.
  • ionizing radiation means ionizing radiation that occurs as either electromagnetic rays (such as X-rays and gamma rays) or particles (such as alpha and beta particles). Ionizing radiation is provided in, but not limited to, radiation therapy and is known in the art.
  • EDG binders and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.
  • EDG binders refers to a class of immunosuppressants that modulates lymphocyte recirculation, such as FTY720.
  • ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors refers to pyrimidine or purine nucleoside analogs including, but not limited to, fludarabine and/or cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), 6-thioguanine, 5- fluorouracil, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine (especially in combination with ara-C against ALL) and/or pentostatin.
  • Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are especially hydroxyurea or 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1 ,3-dione derivatives.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies of VEGF such as 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine succinate; AngiostatinTM; EndostatinTM; anthranilic acid amides; ZD4190; ZD6474; SU5416; SU6668; bevacizumab; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGF receptor antibodies, such as rhuMAb and RHUFab, VEGF aptamer such as Macugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgGI antibody, Angiozyme (RPI 4610) and Bevacizumab (AvastinTM).
  • VEGF aptamer such as Macugon
  • Photodynamic therapy refers to therapy which uses certain chemicals known as photosensitizing compounds to treat or prevent cancers. Examples of photodynamic therapy include treatment with compounds, such as VisudyneTM and porfimer sodium.
  • Angiostatic steroids as used herein refers to compounds which block or inhibit angiogenesis, such as, e.g., anecortave, triamcinolone, hydrocortisone, 11- ⁇ -epihydrocotisol, cortexolone, 17 ⁇ - hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, testosterone, estrone and dexamethasone.
  • Implants containing corticosteroids refers to compounds, such as fluocinolone and dexamethasone.
  • Other chemotherapeutic compounds include, but are not limited to, plant alkaloids, hormonal compounds and antagonists; biological response modifiers, preferably lymphokines or interferons; antisense oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives; shRNA or siRNA; or miscellaneous compounds or compounds with other or unknown mechanism of action.
  • the compounds of the invention are also useful as co-therapeutic compounds for use in combination with other drug substances such as anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory or antihistamine drug substances, particularly in the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways diseases such as those mentioned hereinbefore, for example as potentiators of therapeutic activity of such drugs or as a means of reducing required dosaging or potential side effects of such drugs.
  • a compound of the invention may be mixed with the other drug substance in a fixed pharmaceutical composition or it may be administered separately, before, simultaneously with or after the other drug substance.
  • the invention includes a combination of a compound of the invention as hereinbefore described with an anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory, antihistamine or anti-tussive drug substance, said compound of the invention and said drug substance being in the same or different pharmaceutical composition.
  • Suitable anti-inflammatory drugs include steroids, in particular glucocorticosteroids such as budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate; non- steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonists; LTB4 antagonists such LY293111, CGS025019C, CP-195543, SC-53228, BIIL 284, ONO 4057, SB 209247; LTD4 antagonists such as montelukast and zafirlukast; PDE4 inhibitors such cilomilast (Ariflo® GlaxoSmithKline), Roflumilast (Byk Gulden),V-11294A (Napp), BAY19-8004 (Bayer), SCH-351591 (Schering- Plough), Arofylline (Almirall Prodesfarma), PD189659 / PD168787 (Parke-Davi)
  • Suitable bronchodilatory drugs include anticholinergic or antimuscarinic compounds, in particular ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, tiotropium salts and CHF 4226 (Chiesi), and glycopyrrolate.
  • Suitable antihistamine drug substances include cetirizine hydrochloride, acetaminophen, clemastine fumarate, promethazine, loratidine, desloratidine, diphenhydramine and fexofenadine hydrochloride, activastine, astemizole, azelastine, ebastine, epinastine, mizolastine and tefenadine.
  • chemokine receptors e.g. CCR-1 , CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-5, CCR-6, CCR- 7, CCR-8, CCR-9 and CCR10
  • CXCR1 , CXCR 2 , CXCR 3 , CXCR4, CXCR5, particularly CCR-5 antagonists such as Schering-Plough antagonists SC-351125, SCH- 55700 and SCH-D
  • Takeda antagonists such as N-[[4-[[[[6,7-dihydro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-5H-benzo-cyclohepten-8- yl]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-methyl]tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2H-pyran-4- aminium chloride (TAK-770).
  • a compound of the current invention may also be used in combination with known therapeutic processes, for example, the administration of hormones or radiation.
  • a provided compound is used as a radiosensitizer, especially for the treatment of tumors which exhibit poor sensitivity to radiotherapy.
  • a compound of the current invention can be administered alone or in combination with one or more other therapeutic compounds, possible combination therapy taking the form of fixed combinations or the administration of a compound of the invention and one or more other therapeutic compounds being staggered or given independently of one another, or the combined administration of fixed combinations and one or more other therapeutic compounds.
  • a compound of the current invention can besides or in addition be administered especially for tumor therapy in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy, surgical intervention, or a combination of these. Long-term therapy is equally possible as is adjuvant therapy in the context of other treatment strategies, as described above. Other possible treatments are therapy to maintain the patient's status after tumor regression, or even chemopreventive therapy, for example in patients at risk.
  • Those additional agents may be administered separately from an inventive compound- containing composition, as part of a multiple dosage regimen. Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with a compound of this invention in a single composition. If administered as part of a multiple dosage regime, the two active agents may be submitted simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of time from one another normally within five hours from one another.
  • the term “combination,” “combined,” and related terms refers to the simultaneous or sequential administration of therapeutic agents in accordance with this invention. For example, a compound of the present invention may be administered with another therapeutic agent simultaneously or sequentially in separate unit dosage forms or together in a single unit dosage form.
  • the present invention provides a single unit dosage form comprising a compound of the current invention, an additional therapeutic agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
  • compositions of this invention should be formulated so that a dosage of between 0.01 - 100 mg/kg body weight/day of an inventive compound can be administered.
  • that additional therapeutic agent and the compound of this invention may act synergistically.
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent in such compositions will be less than that required in a monotherapy utilizing only that therapeutic agent.
  • a dosage of between 0.01 – 1,000 ⁇ g/kg body weight/day of the additional therapeutic agent can be administered.
  • the amount of one or more other therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention may be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent.
  • the amount of one or more other therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is administered at a dosage of about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% of the amount normally administered for that agent.
  • the phrase “normally administered” means the amount an FDA approved therapeutic agent is approved for dosing per the FDA label insert.
  • the compounds of this invention, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof may also be incorporated into compositions for coating an implantable medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents and catheters.
  • vascular stents for example, have been used to overcome restenosis (re-narrowing of the vessel wall after injury).
  • one or more other therapeutic agent is an immuno-oncology agent.
  • an immuno-oncology agent refers to an agent which is effective to enhance, stimulate, and/or up-regulate immune responses in a subject.
  • the administration of an immuno-oncology agent with a compound of the invention has a synergic effect in treating a cancer.
  • An immuno-oncology agent can be, for example, a small molecule drug, an antibody, or a biologic or small molecule.
  • biologic immuno-oncology agents include, but are not limited to, cancer vaccines, antibodies, and cytokines.
  • an antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
  • a monoclonal antibody is humanized or human.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is (i) an agonist of a stimulatory (including a co-stimulatory) receptor or (ii) an antagonist of an inhibitory (including a co-inhibitory) signal on T cells, both of which result in amplifying antigen-specific T cell responses.
  • Certain of the stimulatory and inhibitory molecules are members of the immunoglobulin super family (IgSF).
  • IgSF immunoglobulin super family
  • B7 family which includes B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1 (PD-L1), B7-DC (PD-L2), B7-H2 (ICOS-L), B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5 (VISTA), and B7-H6.
  • TNF family of molecules that bind to cognate TNF receptor family members which includes CD40 and CD40L, OX-40, OX-40L, CD70, CD27L, CD30, CD30L, 4-1BBL, CD137 (4-1BB), TRAIL/Apo2-L, TRAILR1/DR4, TRAILR2/DR5, TRAILR3, TRAILR4, OPG, RANK, RANKL, TWEAKR/Fn14, TWEAK, BAFFR, EDAR, XEDAR, TACI, APRIL, BCMA, LT ⁇ R, LIGHT, DcR 3 , HVEM, VEGI/TL1A, TRAMP/DR 3 , EDAR, EDA1, XEDAR, EDA2, TNFR1, Lymphotoxin ⁇ /TNF ⁇ , TNFR2, TNF ⁇ , LT ⁇ R, Lymphotoxin ⁇
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a cytokine that inhibits T cell activation (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, TGF- ⁇ , VEGF, and other immunosuppressive cytokines) or a cytokine that stimulates T cell activation, for stimulating an immune response.
  • a combination of a compound of the invention and an immuno-oncology agent can stimulate T cell responses.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is: (i) an antagonist of a protein that inhibits T cell activation (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors) such as CTLA-4, PD-1, PD- L1, PD-L2, LAG-3, TIM-3, Galectin 9, CEACAM-1, BTLA, CD69, Galectin-1, TIGIT, CD113, GPR56, VISTA, 2B4, CD48, GARP, PD1H, LAIR1, TIM-1, and TIM-4; or (ii) an agonist of a protein that stimulates T cell activation such as B7-1, B7-2, CD28, 4-1BB (CD137), 4-1BBL, ICOS, ICOS-L, OX40, OX40L, GITR, GITRL, CD70, CD27, CD40, DR3 and CD28H.
  • T cell activation e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • an antagonist of a protein that inhibits T cell activation e.g., immune
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an antagonist of inhibitory receptors on NK cells or an agonists of activating receptors on NK cells.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an antagonists of KIR, such as lirilumab.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an agent that inhibits or depletes macrophages or monocytes, including but not limited to CSF-1R antagonists such as CSF-1R antagonist antibodies including RG7155 (WO11/70024, WO11/107553, WO11/131407, WO13/87699, WO13/119716, WO13/132044) or FPA-008 (WO11/140249; WO13169264; WO14/036357).
  • CSF-1R antagonists such as CSF-1R antagonist antibodies including RG7155 (WO11/70024, WO11/107553, WO11/131407, WO13/87699, WO13/119716, WO13/132044) or FPA-008 (WO11/140249; WO13169264; WO14/036357).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is selected from agonistic agents that ligate positive costimulatory receptors, blocking agents that attenuate signaling through inhibitory receptors, antagonists, and one or more agents that increase systemically the frequency of anti-tumor T cells, agents that overcome distinct immune suppressive pathways within the tumor microenvironment (e.g., block inhibitory receptor engagement (e.g., PD-L1/PD-1 interactions), deplete or inhibit Tregs (e.g., using an anti- CD25 monoclonal antibody (e.g., daclizumab) or by ex vivo anti-CD25 bead depletion), inhibit metabolic enzymes such as IDO, or reverse/prevent T cell energy or exhaustion) and agents that trigger innate immune activation and/or inflammation at tumor sites.
  • block inhibitory receptor engagement e.g., PD-L1/PD-1 interactions
  • Tregs e.g., using an anti- CD25 monoclonal antibody (e.g., daclizumab) or by ex
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a CTLA-4 antagonist.
  • a CTLA-4 antagonist is an antagonistic CTLA-4 antibody.
  • an antagonistic CTLA-4 antibody is YERVOY (ipilimumab) or tremelimumab.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a PD-1 antagonist.
  • a PD-1 antagonist is administered by infusion.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof that binds specifically to a Programmed Death- 1 (PD-1) receptor and inhibits PD-1 activity.
  • a PD-1 antagonist is an antagonistic PD-1 antibody.
  • an antagonistic PD-1 antibody is OPDIVO (nivolumab), KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), or MEDI-0680 (AMP-514; WO2012/145493).
  • an immuno-oncology agent may be pidilizumab (CT-011).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a recombinant protein composed of the extracellular domain of PD-L2 (B7-DC) fused to the Fc portion of IgG1, called AMP-224.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a PD-L1 antagonist.
  • a PD-L1 antagonist is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody.
  • a PD-L1 antibody is MPDL3280A (RG7446; WO2010/077634), durvalumab (MEDI4736), BMS-936559 (WO2007/005874), and MSB0010718C (WO2013/79174).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a LAG-3 antagonist.
  • a LAG-3 antagonist is an antagonistic LAG-3 antibody.
  • a LAG3 antibody is BMS-986016 (WO10/19570, WO14/08218), or IMP-731 or IMP-321 (WO08/132601, WO009/44273).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a CD137 (4-1BB) agonist.
  • a CD137 (4-1BB) agonist is an agonistic CD137 antibody.
  • a CD137 antibody is urelumab or PF-05082566 (WO12/32433).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a GITR agonist.
  • a GITR agonist is an agonistic GITR antibody.
  • a GITR antibody is BMS-986153, BMS-986156, TRX-518 (WO006/105021, WO009/009116), or MK-4166 (WO11/028683).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO) antagonist.
  • IDO antagonist is selected from epacadostat (INCB024360, Incyte); indoximod (NLG-8189, NewLink Genetics Corporation); capmanitib (INC280, Novartis); GDC-0919 (Genentech/Roche); PF-06840003 (Pfizer); BMS:F001287 (Bristol-Myers Squibb); Phy906/KD108 (Phytoceutica); an enzyme that breaks down kynurenine (Kynase, Kyn Therapeutics); and NLG-919 (WO09/73620, WO009/1156652, WO11/56652, WO12/142237).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an OX40 agonist.
  • an OX40 agonist is an agonistic OX40 antibody.
  • an OX40 antibody is MEDI-6383 or MEDI-6469.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an OX40L antagonist.
  • an OX40L antagonist is an antagonistic OX40 antibody.
  • an OX40L antagonist is RG-7888 (WO06/029879).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a CD40 agonist.
  • a CD40 agonist is an agonistic CD40 antibody.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a CD40 antagonist. In some embodiments, a CD40 antagonist is an antagonistic CD40 antibody. In some embodiments, a CD40 antibody is lucatumumab or dacetuzumab. [00747] In some embodiments, an immuno-oncology agent is a CD27 agonist. In some embodiments, a CD27 agonist is an agonistic CD27 antibody. In some embodiments, a CD27 antibody is varlilumab. [00748] In some embodiments, an immuno-oncology agent is MGA271 (to B7H3) (WO11/109400).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is abagovomab, adecatumumab, afutuzumab, alemtuzumab, anatumomab mafenatox, apolizumab, atezolimab, avelumab, blinatumomab, BMS-936559, catumaxomab, durvalumab, epacadostat, epratuzumab, indoximod, inotuzumab ozogamicin, intelumumab, ipilimumab, isatuximab, lambrolizumab, MED14736, MPDL3280A, nivolumab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab, ofatumumab, olatatumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, rituximab
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an immunostimulatory agent.
  • antibodies blocking the PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitory axis can unleash activated tumor-reactive T cells and have been shown in clinical trials to induce durable anti-tumor responses in increasing numbers of tumor histologies, including some tumor types that conventionally have not been considered immunotherapy sensitive. See, e.g., Okazaki, T. et al. (2013) Nat. Immunol. 14, 1212–1218; Zou et al. (2016) Sci. Transl. Med. 8.
  • the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab (Opdivo ® , Bristol-Myers Squibb, also known as ONO-4538, MDX1106 and BMS-936558), has shown potential to improve the overall survival in patients with RCC who had experienced disease progression during or after prior anti-angiogenic therapy.
  • the immunomodulatory therapeutic specifically induces apoptosis of tumor cells.
  • Approved immunomodulatory therapeutics which may be used in the present invention include pomalidomide (Pomalyst®, Celgene); lenalidomide (Revlimid®, Celgene); ingenol mebutate (Picato®, LEO Pharma).
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a cancer vaccine.
  • the cancer vaccine is selected from sipuleucel-T (Provenge®, Dendreon/Valeant Pharmaceuticals), which has been approved for treatment of asymptomatic, or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate-resistant (hormone-refractory) prostate cancer; and talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic®, BioVex/Amgen, previously known as T-VEC), a genetically modified oncolytic viral therapy approved for treatment of unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous and nodal lesions in melanoma.
  • an immuno- oncology agent is selected from an oncolytic viral therapy such as pexastimogene devacirepvec (PexaVec/JX-594, SillaJen/formerly Jennerex Biotherapeutics), a thymidine kinase- (TK-) deficient vaccinia virus engineered to express GM-CSF, for hepatocellular carcinoma (NCT02562755) and melanoma (NCT00429312); pelareorep (Reolysin®, Oncolytics Biotech), a variant of respiratory enteric orphan virus (reovirus) which does not replicate in cells that are not RAS-activated, in numerous cancers, including colorectal cancer (NCT01622543); prostate cancer (NCT01619813); head and neck squamous cell cancer (NCT01166542); pancreatic adenocarcinoma (NCT00998322); and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (
  • an immuno-oncology agent is selected from JX-929 (SillaJen/formerly Jennerex Biotherapeutics), a TK- and vaccinia growth factor-deficient vaccinia virus engineered to express cytosine deaminase, which is able to convert the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine to the cytotoxic drug 5- fluorouracil; TG01 and TG02 (Targovax/formerly Oncos), peptide-based immunotherapy agents targeted for difficult-to-treat RAS mutations; and TILT-123 (TILT Biotherapeutics), an engineered adenovirus designated: Ad5/3-E2F-delta24-hTNF ⁇ -IRES-hIL20; and VSV-GP (ViraTherapeutics) a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) engineered to express the glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which can be
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a T-cell engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR.
  • the T-cells engineered to express such chimeric antigen receptor are referred to as a CAR-T cells.
  • CARs have been constructed that consist of binding domains, which may be derived from natural ligands, single chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from monoclonal antibodies specific for cell-surface antigens, fused to endodomains that are the functional end of the T-cell receptor (TCR), such as the CD3-zeta signaling domain from TCRs, which is capable of generating an activation signal in T lymphocytes.
  • binding domains which may be derived from natural ligands, single chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from monoclonal antibodies specific for cell-surface antigens, fused to endodomains that are the functional end of the T-cell receptor (TCR), such as the CD3-zeta signaling domain from TCRs
  • the CAR-T cell is one of those described in U.S. Patent 8,906,682 (June; hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), which discloses CAR-T cells engineered to comprise an extracellular domain having an antigen binding domain (such as a domain that binds to CD19), fused to an intracellular signaling domain of the T cell antigen receptor complex zeta chain (such as CD3 zeta).
  • an antigen binding domain such as a domain that binds to CD19
  • CD3 zeta intracellular signaling domain of the T cell antigen receptor complex zeta chain
  • an immunostimulatory agent is an activator of retinoic acid receptor- related orphan receptor ⁇ (ROR ⁇ t).
  • ROR ⁇ t is a transcription factor with key roles in the differentiation and maintenance of Type 17 effector subsets of CD4+ (Th17) and CD8+ (Tc17) T cells, as well as the differentiation of IL-17 expressing innate immune cell subpopulations such as NK cells.
  • an activator of ROR ⁇ t is LYC-55716 (Lycera), which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors (NCT02929862).
  • an immunostimulatory agent is an agonist or activator of a toll-like receptor (TLR).
  • TLR toll-like receptor
  • Suitable activators of TLRs include an agonist or activator of TLR9 such as SD-101 (Dynavax).
  • SD-101 is an immunostimulatory CpG which is being studied for B-cell, follicular and other lymphomas (NCT02254772).
  • Agonists or activators of TLR8 which may be used in the present invention include motolimod (VTX-2337, VentiRx Pharmaceuticals) which is being studied for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (NCT02124850) and ovarian cancer (NCT02431559).
  • immuno-oncology agents that may be used in the present invention include urelumab (BMS-663513, Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody; varlilumab (CDX-1127, Celldex Therapeutics), an anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody; BMS-986178 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti- OX40 monoclonal antibody; lirilumab (IPH2102/BMS-986015, Innate Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-KIR monoclonal antibody; monalizumab (IPH2201, Innate Pharma, AstraZeneca) an anti-NKG2A monoclonal antibody; andecaliximab (GS-5745, Gilead Sciences), an anti-MMP9 antibody; MK-4166 (Merck & Co.), an anti-GITR monoclonal antibody.
  • BMS-663513 Bristol-Myers Squib
  • an immunostimulatory agent is selected from elotuzumab, mifamurtide, an agonist or activator of a toll-like receptor, and an activator of ROR ⁇ t.
  • an immunostimulatory therapeutic is recombinant human interleukin 15 (rhIL-15). rhIL-15 has been tested in the clinic as a therapy for melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (NCT01021059 and NCT01369888) and leukemias (NCT02689453).
  • an immunostimulatory agent is recombinant human interleukin 12 (rhIL-12).
  • an IL-15 based immunotherapeutic is heterodimeric IL-15 (hetIL-15, Novartis/Admune), a fusion complex composed of a synthetic form of endogenous IL-15 complexed to the soluble IL-15 binding protein IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL15:sIL-15RA), which has been tested in Phase 1 clinical trials for melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NCT02452268).
  • a recombinant human interleukin 12 (rhIL-12) is NM-IL-12 (Neumedicines, Inc.), NCT02544724, or NCT02542124.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is selected from those descripted in Jerry L. Adams ET. AL., “Big opportunities for small molecules in immuno-oncology,” Cancer Therapy 2015, Vol. 14, pages 603-622, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is selected from the examples described in Table 1 of Jerry L. Adams ET. AL.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a small molecule targeting an immuno-oncology target selected from those listed in Table 2 of Jerry L. Adams ET. AL.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a small molecule agent selected from those listed in Table 2 of Jerry L. Adams ET. AL.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is selected from the small molecule immuno-oncology agents described in Peter L. Toogood, “Small molecule immuno-oncology therapeutic agents,” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2018, Vol. 28, pages 319-329, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an agent targeting the pathways as described in Peter L. Toogood.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is selected from those described in Sandra L.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct.
  • a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct is a CD19/CD3 bispecific antibody construct.
  • a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct is an EGFR/CD3 bispecific antibody construct.
  • a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct activates T cells.
  • a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct activates T cells, which release cytokines inducing upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and FAS on bystander cells.
  • a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct activates T cells which result in induced bystander cell lysis.
  • the bystander cells are in solid tumors.
  • the bystander cells being lysed are in proximity to the BiTE®-activated T cells.
  • the bystander cells comprises tumor-associated antigen (TAA) negative cancer cells.
  • the bystander cells comprise EGFR-negative cancer cells.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an antibody which blocks the PD-L1/PD1 axis and/or CTLA4.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an ex- vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating T cell.
  • an immuno-oncology agent is a bispecific antibody construct or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that directly connect T cells with tumor-associated surface antigens (TAAs).
  • CARs chimeric antigen receptors
  • TAAs tumor-associated surface antigens
  • Exemplary Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors [00765]
  • an immuno-oncology agent is an immune checkpoint inhibitor as described herein. [00766]
  • the term “checkpoint inhibitor” as used herein relates to agents useful in preventing cancer cells from avoiding the immune system of the patient.
  • T-cell exhaustion results from chronic exposure to antigens that has led to up-regulation of inhibitory receptors.
  • inhibitory receptors serve as immune checkpoints in order to prevent uncontrolled immune reactions.
  • PD-1 and co-inhibitory receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4, B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA; CD272), T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain-3 (Tim-3), Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (Lag-3; CD223), and others are often referred to as a checkpoint regulators.
  • an immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antibody to PD-1.
  • PD-1 binds to the programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) to prevent the receptor from binding to the inhibitory ligand PDL-1, thus overriding the ability of tumors to suppress the host anti-tumor immune response.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is a biologic therapeutic or a small molecule.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is a monoclonal antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, a fusion protein or a combination thereof.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor inhibits a checkpoint protein selected from CTLA-4, PDLl, PDL2, PDl, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, B-7 family ligands or a combination thereof.
  • a checkpoint protein selected from CTLA-4, PDLl, PDL2, PDl, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, B-7 family ligands or a combination thereof.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor interacts with a ligand of a checkpoint protein selected from CTLA-4, PDLl, PDL2, PDl, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, B-7 family ligands or a combination thereof.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is an immunostimulatory agent, a T cell growth factor, an interleukin, an antibody, a vaccine or a combination thereof.
  • the interleukin is IL-7 or IL-15.
  • the interleukin is glycosylated IL-7.
  • the vaccine is a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors include any agent that blocks or inhibits in a statistically significant manner, the inhibitory pathways of the immune system. Such inhibitors may include small molecule inhibitors or may include antibodies, or antigen binding fragments thereof, that bind to and block or inhibit immune checkpoint receptors or antibodies that bind to and block or inhibit immune checkpoint receptor ligands.
  • Illustrative checkpoint molecules that may be targeted for blocking or inhibition include, but are not limited to, CTLA-4, PDL1, PDL2, PD1, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, GAL9, LAG3, TIM3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4 (belongs to the CD2 family of molecules and is expressed on all NK, ⁇ , and memory CD8 + ( ⁇ ) T cells), CD160 (also referred to as BY55), CGEN-15049, CHK 1 and CHK2 kinases, A2aR, and various B-7 family ligands.
  • CTLA-4 CTLA-4, PDL1, PDL2, PD1, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, GAL9, LAG3, TIM3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4 (belongs to the CD2 family of molecules and is expressed on all NK, ⁇ , and memory CD8 + ( ⁇ ) T cells
  • CD160 also referred to as BY55
  • B7 family ligands include, but are not limited to, B7- 1, B7-2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6 and B7-H7.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors include antibodies, or antigen binding fragments thereof, other binding proteins, biologic therapeutics, or small molecules, that bind to and block or inhibit the activity of one or more of CTLA-4, PDL1, PDL2, PD1, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD 160 and CGEN-15049.
  • Illustrative immune checkpoint inhibitors include Tremelimumab (CTLA-4 blocking antibody), anti-OX40, PD-Ll monoclonal Antibody (Anti-B7-Hl; MEDI4736), MK-3475 (PD-1 blocker), Nivolumab (anti-PDl antibody), CT-011 (anti-PDl antibody), BY55 monoclonal antibody, AMP224 (anti-PDLl antibody), BMS- 936559 (anti-PDLl antibody), MPLDL3280A (anti-PDLl antibody), MSB0010718C (anti-PDLl antibody), and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor).
  • CTLA-4 blocking antibody PD-Ll monoclonal Antibody
  • Anti-B7-Hl MEDI4736
  • MK-3475 PD-1 blocker
  • Nivolumab anti-PDl antibody
  • CT-011 anti-PDl antibody
  • BY55 monoclonal antibody AMP224 (anti-PDLl
  • Checkpoint protein ligands include, but are not limited to PD-Ll, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4, CD28, CD86 and TIM-3.
  • the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from a PD-1 antagonist, a PD-L1 antagonist, and a CTLA-4 antagonist.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of nivolumab (Opdivo®), ipilimumab (Yervoy®), and pembrolizumab (Keytruda®).
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is selected from nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody, Opdivo®, Bristol-Myers Squibb); pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody, Keytruda®, Merck); ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody, Yervoy®, Bristol-Myers Squibb); durvalumab (anti-PD-L1 antibody, Imfinzi®, AstraZeneca); and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1 antibody, Tecentriq®, Genentech).
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of lambrolizumab (MK-3475), nivolumab (BMS-936558), pidilizumab (CT-011), AMP-224, MDX-1105, MEDI4736, MPDL3280A, BMS-936559, ipilimumab, lirlumab, IPH2101, pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), and tremelimumab.
  • MK-3475 lambrolizumab
  • BMS-936558 nivolumab
  • CT-011 pidilizumab
  • AMP-224 pidilizumab
  • MDX-1105 MEDI4736
  • MPDL3280A MPDL3280A
  • BMS-936559 ipilimumab
  • lirlumab IPH2101, pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)
  • tremelimumab tremelimumab
  • an immune checkpoint inhibitor is REGN2810 (Regeneron), an anti- PD-1 antibody tested in patients with basal cell carcinoma (NCT03132636); NSCLC (NCT03088540); cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (NCT02760498); lymphoma (NCT02651662); and melanoma (NCT03002376); pidilizumab (CureTech), also known as CT-011, an antibody that binds to PD-1, in clinical trials for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma; avelumab (Bavencio®, Pfizer/Merck KGaA), also known as MSB0010718C), a fully human IgG1 anti-PD-L1 antibody, in clinical trials for non- small cell lung cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, solid tumors, renal cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and gastric cancer;
  • Tremelimumab (CP-675,206; Astrazeneca) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4 that has been in studied in clinical trials for a number of indications, including: mesothelioma, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, germ cell cancer, squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, metastatic cancer in the liver, liver cancer, large B-cell lymphoma, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer, urothelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, multiple myeloma, bladder cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and melanoma.
  • AGEN-1884 (Agenus) is an anti-CTLA4 antibody that is being studied in Phase 1 clinical trials for advanced solid tumors (NCT02694822).
  • a checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin containing protein-3 (TIM-3).
  • TIM-3 inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include TSR-022, LY3321367 and MBG453.
  • TSR-022 (Tesaro) is an anti-TIM-3 antibody which is being studied in solid tumors (NCT02817633).
  • LY3321367 (Eli Lilly) is an anti-TIM-3 antibody which is being studied in solid tumors (NCT03099109).
  • a checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor of T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains, or TIGIT, an immune receptor on certain T cells and NK cells.
  • TIGIT inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include BMS-986207 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody (NCT02913313); OMP-313M32 (Oncomed); and anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody (NCT03119428).
  • a checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitor of Lymphocyte Activation Gene- 3 (LAG-3).
  • LAG-3 inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include BMS-986016 and REGN3767 and IMP321.
  • BMS-986016 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-LAG-3 antibody, is being studied in glioblastoma and gliosarcoma (NCT02658981).
  • REGN3767 (Regeneron), is also an anti-LAG-3 antibody, and is being studied in malignancies (NCT03005782).
  • IMP321 is an LAG-3-Ig fusion protein, being studied in melanoma (NCT02676869); adenocarcinoma (NCT02614833); and metastatic breast cancer (NCT00349934).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include OX40 agonists.
  • OX40 agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include PF-04518600/PF-8600 (Pfizer), an agonistic anti- OX40 antibody, in metastatic kidney cancer (NCT03092856) and advanced cancers and neoplasms (NCT02554812; NCT05082566); GSK3174998 (Merck), an agonistic anti-OX40 antibody, in Phase 1 cancer trials (NCT02528357); MEDI0562 (Medimmune/AstraZeneca), an agonistic anti-OX40 antibody, in advanced solid tumors (NCT02318394 and NCT02705482); MEDI6469, an agonistic anti-OX40 antibody (Medimmune/AstraZeneca), in patients with colorectal cancer (NCT02559024), breast cancer (NCT01862900), head and neck cancer (NCT02274155) and metastatic prostate cancer (NCT01303705); and BMS-986178 (Bristol-My
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include CD137 (also called 4- 1BB) agonists.
  • CD137 agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include utomilumab (PF-05082566, Pfizer) an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (NCT02951156) and in advanced cancers and neoplasms (NCT02554812 and NCT05082566); urelumab (BMS-663513, Bristol- Myers Squibb), an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody, in melanoma and skin cancer (NCT02652455) and glioblastoma and gliosarcoma (NCT02658981).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include CD27 agonists.
  • CD27 agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include varlilumab (CDX-1127, Celldex Therapeutics) an agonistic anti-CD27 antibody, in squamous cell head and neck cancer, ovarian carcinoma, colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, and glioblastoma (NCT02335918); lymphomas (NCT01460134); and glioma and astrocytoma (NCT02924038).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) agonists.
  • GITR glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor
  • GITR agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include TRX518 (Leap Therapeutics), an agonistic anti-GITR antibody, in malignant melanoma and other malignant solid tumors (NCT01239134 and NCT02628574); GWN323 (Novartis), an agonistic anti-GITR antibody, in solid tumors and lymphoma (NCT 02740270); INCAGN01876 (Incyte/Agenus), an agonistic anti-GITR antibody, in advanced cancers (NCT02697591 and NCT03126110); MK-4166 (Merck), an agonistic anti-GITR antibody, in solid tumors (NCT02132754) and MEDI1873 (Medimmune/AstraZeneca), an agonistic hexameric GITR-ligand molecule with a human IgG1 Fc domain, in advanced solid tumors (NCT02583165).
  • TRX518 Leap Therapeutics
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include inducible T-cell co- stimulator (ICOS, also known as CD278) agonists.
  • ICOS agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include MEDI-570 (Medimmune), an agonistic anti-ICOS antibody, in lymphomas (NCT02520791); GSK3359609 (Merck), an agonistic anti-ICOS antibody, in Phase 1 (NCT02723955); JTX-2011 (Jounce Therapeutics), an agonistic anti-ICOS antibody, in Phase 1 (NCT02904226).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include killer IgG-like receptor (KIR) inhibitors.
  • KIR killer IgG-like receptor
  • KIR inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include lirilumab (IPH2102/BMS- 986015, Innate Pharma/Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-KIR antibody, in leukemias (NCT01687387, NCT02399917, NCT02481297, NCT02599649), multiple myeloma (NCT02252263), and lymphoma (NCT01592370); IPH2101 (1-7F9, Innate Pharma) in myeloma (NCT01222286 and NCT01217203); and IPH4102 (Innate Pharma), an anti-KIR antibody that binds to three domains of the long cytoplasmic tail (KIR 3 DL2), in lymphoma (NCT02593045).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include CD47 inhibitors of interaction between CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa).
  • CD47/SIRPa inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include ALX-148 (Alexo Therapeutics), an antagonistic variant of (SIRPa) that binds to CD47 and prevents CD47/SIRPa-mediated signaling, in phase 1 (NCT03013218); TTI-621 (SIRPa-Fc, Trillium Therapeutics), a soluble recombinant fusion protein created by linking the N-terminal CD47-binding domain of SIRPa with the Fc domain of human IgG1, acts by binding human CD47, and preventing it from delivering its “do not eat” signal to macrophages, is in clinical trials in Phase 1 (NCT02890368 and NCT02663518); CC-90002 (Celgene), an anti-CD47 antibody, in leukemias (NCT02641002); and Hu
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include CD73 inhibitors.
  • CD73 inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include MEDI9447 (Medimmune), an anti-CD73 antibody, in solid tumors (NCT02503774); and BMS-986179 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-CD73 antibody, in solid tumors (NCT02754141).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include agonists of stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING, also known as transmembrane protein 173, or TMEM173).
  • STING stimulator of interferon genes protein
  • Agonists of STING that are being studied in clinical trials include MK-1454 (Merck), an agonistic synthetic cyclic dinucleotide, in lymphoma (NCT03010176); and ADU-S100 (MIW815, Aduro Biotech/Novartis), an agonistic synthetic cyclic dinucleotide, in Phase 1 (NCT02675439 and NCT03172936).
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include CSF1R inhibitors.
  • CSF1R inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include pexidartinib (PLX3397, Plexxikon), a CSF1R small molecule inhibitor, in colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, metastatic and advanced cancers (NCT02777710) and melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and ovarian cancer (NCT02452424); and IMC-CS4 (LY3022855, Lilly), an anti-CSF-1R antibody, in pancreatic cancer (NCT03153410), melanoma (NCT03101254), and solid tumors (NCT02718911); and BLZ945 (4-[2((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexylamino)-benzothiazol-6- yloxyl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, Novartis), an orally available inhibitor of CSF1R, in advanced solid
  • Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention include NKG2A receptor inhibitors.
  • NKG2A receptor inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include monalizumab (IPH2201, Innate Pharma), an anti-NKG2A antibody, in head and neck neoplasms (NCT02643550) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (NCT02557516).
  • the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, avelumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, or pidilizumab.
  • LCMS is recorded on an Agilent 1200 Series LC/MSD or Shimadzu LCMS2020 equipped with electro-spray ionization and quadruple MS detector [ES+ve to give MH + ] and equipped with Chromolith Flash RP-18e 25*2.0 mm, eluting with 0.0375 vol% TFA in water (solvent A) and 0.01875 vol% TFA in acetonitrile (solvent B).
  • Other LCMS is recorded on an Agilent 1290 Infinity RRLC attached with Agilent 6120 Mass detector. The column used is BEH C1850*2.1 mm, 1.7 micron.
  • HPLC Analytical Method HPLC is carried out on X Bridge C18150*4.6 mm, 5 micron. Column flow is 1.0 ml /min and mobile phase used is (A) 0.1 % Ammonia in water and (B) 0.1 % Ammonia in Acetonitrile.
  • Prep HPLC Analytical Method The compound is purified on Shimadzu LC-20AP and UV detector. The column used is X-BRIDGE C18 (250*19)mm, 5 ⁇ . Column flow is 16.0 ml/min. Mobile phase is (A) 0.1% Formic Acid in Water and (B) Acetonitrile.
  • Step 2 Methyl 4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
  • methyl (E)-3-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)acrylate (13.00 g, 61.26 mmol) and TosMIC (15.64 g, 80.12 mmol) in THF (70 mL) and DMSO (70 mL) were added NaH (2.31 g, 96.1 mmol) in portions at 0 °C.
  • the resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt. On completion, the reaction was quenched with water/ice at 0 °C.
  • Step 3 Methyl 5-(4-bromobenzoyl)-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
  • methyl 4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate 2.5 g, 9.9 mmol
  • AlCl 3 3.98 g, 29.9 mmol
  • 4-bromo-benzoyl chloride (2.62 g, 11.9 mmol
  • Step 4 Methyl 5-(4-bromobenzoyl)-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
  • methyl 5-(4-bromobenzoyl)-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1H- pyrrole-3-carboxylate 3.4 g, 7.8 mmol
  • NaH 0.63 g, 16 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil
  • the mixture was purified by reverse phase Flash chromatography (Column: WelFlash TM C18-I, 20-40 um, 330 g; Eluent A: Water (plus 10 mmol/L, NH 4 HCO 3 ); Eluent B: ACN; Gradient: 25% - 55% B in 25 min; Flow rate: 60mL/min; Detector: 220/254 nm; desired fractions were collected at 50% B) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (800 mg, 23% yield) as a brown oil.
  • Step 2 (S)-3-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)propanamide hydrochloride [00806] To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl (S)-(3-amino-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamate (13.00 g, 43.51 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added HCl (gas) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL, 80 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 h at rt. On completion, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (8.40 g, 82% yield) as a white solid.
  • Step 2 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethan-1-amine [00808] To a stirred mixture of (Z)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethen-1-amine (7.8 g, 34 mmol) in MeOH (80 mL) was added NaBH 3 CN (7.40 g, 118 mmol) and citric acid (12.94 g, 67.33 mmol) in portions at rt under air atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at rt under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Step 3 (R)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethan-1-amine
  • the crude product (6 g) was purified by Prep-SFC (Column: CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SC, 5*25 cm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: CO 2 , Mobile Phase B: IPA; Flow rate: 230 mL/min; Gradient: isocratic 15% B; Column Temperature (°C): 35; Back Pressure(bar): 100; Wave Length: 220 nm; RT1(min): 11.5; RT2(min): 14; Sample Solvent: MeOH; Injection Volume: 2 mL; Number Of Runs: 70) to afford the title compound (1.6 g, 24% yield) as a yellow oil.
  • Prep-SFC Cold: CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SC, 5*25 cm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: CO 2 , Mobile Phase B: IPA; Flow rate: 230 mL/min; Gradient: isocratic 15% B; Column Temperature (°C): 35; Back Pressure(bar): 100
  • the mixture was purified by reverse phase flash chromatography (Column: WelFlash TM C18-I, 20-40 um, 330 g; Eluent A: Water (plus 10 mmol/L NH4HCO3); Eluent B: ACN; Gradient: 40% - 80% B in 40 min; Flow rate: 80mL/min; Detector: 220/254 nm; desired fractions were collected at 50% B) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (2.748 g, 53% yield) as a white solid.
  • the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 h at 110 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. On completion, the mixture was cooled to rt and quenched with water (300 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1 x 500 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step 1 Methyl 4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1- ⁇ [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl ⁇ pyrrole-3- carboxylate
  • DMF 50 mL
  • NaH 0.57 g, 24 mmol
  • Step 3 Methyl 5-cyano-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H- pyrrole-3-carboxylate
  • methyl 5-bromo-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1- ⁇ [2- (trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl ⁇ pyrrole-3-carboxylate 1.21 g, 0.002 mmol
  • Zn (0.02 g) and BrettPhos (0.16 g) in DMF (10 mL) was added BrettPhos Pd G3 (0.28 g) at rt under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Step 2 Methyl 5-cyano-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3-carboxylate
  • methyl 5-cyano-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3- carboxylate 90 mg, 0.33 mmol
  • K 2 CO 3 135 mg, 0.977 mmol
  • MeI 69 mg, 0.49 mmol
  • Step 3 5-Cyano-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
  • Step 2 Methyl 5-benzoyl-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3-carboxylate [00825] To a stirred mixture of methyl 5-benzoyl-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3- carboxylate (250 mg, 0.704 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added NaH (57 mg, 2.4 mmol) in portions at 0 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min at rt under nitrogen atmosphere. To the above mixture was added CH 3 I (300 mg, 2.11 mmol) dropwise over 2 min at rt.
  • Step 3 5-Benzoyl-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
  • methyl 5-benzoyl-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3- carboxylate 210 mg, 0.57 mmol
  • MeOH MeOH
  • H2O 5 mL
  • NaOH 18.2 mg, 4.55 mmol
  • Step 2 Methyl 4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3- carboxylate
  • methyl 4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1H- pyrrole-3-carboxylate 500 mg, 1 mmol
  • NaH 77.84 mg, 1.946 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil
  • Step 3 4-(3,6-Difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
  • methyl 4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1- methylpyrrole-3-carboxylate 500 mg, 1 mmol
  • MeOH MeOH
  • H2O 5 mL
  • NaOH 400.58 mg, 10.016 mmol
  • Step 2 (3S)-3-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)propanenitrile hydrochloride
  • LC/MS (ESI, m/z): [(M + H)] + 181.1.
  • Step 2 (3S)-3-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-[(3R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]propan-1-one
  • Step 2 [(3-Fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino]acetic acid [00836]
  • ethyl 2-[(3-fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino]acetate 13 g, 62 mmol
  • LiOH 14.74 g, 615.4 mmol
  • the resulting mixture was stirred for 4 h at rt under air atmosphere.
  • the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with conc. HCl.
  • the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (5x50 mL).
  • Step 4 7-Bromo-2- ⁇ [(3-fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino]methyl ⁇ quinazolin-4-ol
  • 4-bromo-2- ⁇ 2-[(3-fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino]acetamido ⁇ benzamide (3 g, 8 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL)/H2O (30 mL) was added KOH (2.21 g, 39.5 mmol) at rt under air atmosphere.
  • the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 80 °C under air atmosphere. On completion, the mixture was cooled to rt and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step 6 N- ⁇ [4-chloro-7-(piperidin-1-yl)quinazolin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -3-fluoro-N-methylaniline
  • 2- ⁇ [(3-fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino]methyl ⁇ -7-(piperidin-1- yl)quinazolin-4-ol 1.4 g, 3.821 mmol
  • POCl 3 14 mL
  • Step 2 methyl 3-fluoro-5-((3aR,7aR)-octahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-4-yl)benzoate hydrochloride
  • tert-butyl (3aR,7aR)-4-[3-fluoro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]- hexahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate (1 g, 3 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added HCl (gas)in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL, 40.000 mmol) at rt under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Step 2 (3-((3aR,7aR)-1-(4-(3-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)octahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyridin-4-yl)-5-fluorophenyl)methanol
  • methyl 3-[(3aR,7aR)-1-(4- ⁇ 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-yl ⁇ pyridin-2- yl)-hexahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-4-yl]-5-fluorobenzoate (1.2 g, 2.7 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added LiBH 4 (174.02 mg, 7.989 mmol) at rt under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Step 2 N-[(1R)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethyl]-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methyl- 5- ⁇ 4-[3-(piperidin-4-yloxy)prop-1-yn-1-yl]benzoyl ⁇ pyrrole-3-carboxamide
  • Step 2 (R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-3-amine
  • HCl gas
  • 1,4-dioxane 150 mL
  • the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at rt under nitrogen.
  • the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the residue was purified by trituration with Et2O (100 mL) to give (10.7 g, quant.
  • Step 2 4-(3,6-Difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
  • Step 1 Tert-butyl 4-[(3- ⁇ 4-[3-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-4-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-methylpyrrole-2- carbonyl]phenyl ⁇ prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-carboxylate [00852] To a stirred solution of methyl 5-(4-bromobenzoyl)-4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1- methylpyrrole-3-carboxylate (17.8 g, 39.7 mmol, Intermediate A) and tert-butyl 4-(prop-2-yn-1- yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (19.01 g, 79.42 mmol, CAS# 1219827-56-1) in DMSO (300 mL) were added TEA (60 mL) and CuI (1.51 g, 7.94 mmol) in portions at rt under
  • Step 2 5-[4-(3- ⁇ [1-(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy ⁇ prop-1-yn-1-yl)benzoyl]-4-(3,6-difluoro-2- methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid [00853]
  • tert-butyl 4-[(3- ⁇ 4-[3-(3,6-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-4- (methoxycarbonyl)-1-methylpyrrole-2-carbonyl]phenyl ⁇ prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-carboxylate (20.7 g, 34.1 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 O (200 mL, 400 mmol) in portions at rt under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h at 80 °C under air atmosphere. On completion, the mixture was cooled to rt and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water (10 mL) and the mixture was acidified to pH 6 with conc. HCl. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DMF (4 mL).
  • the mixture was purified by reverse phase flash chromatography (Column: WelFlash TM C18-I, 20-40 um, 330 g; Eluent A: Water (plus 10 mmol/L FA ); Eluent B: ACN; Gradient: 70% - 90% B in 25 min; Flow rate: 80mL/min; Detector: 220/254 nm; desired fractions were collected at 80 % B) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (480 mg, 56% yield) as a colorless oil.
  • Step 1 Tert-butyl (S)-4-(4-(4-((3-amino-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamoyl)-3-(3,6-difluoro-2- methylphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl)benzyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate [00856] To a stirred mixture of 5-(4- ⁇ [1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl ⁇ benzoyl)-4-(3,6- difluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (450 mg, 0.814 mmol, Intermediate AS) and (3S)-3-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)propanamide hydrochloride (287.18 mg, 1.221 mmol, Intermediate B) in DMA (5 mL) were added TEA (247.21 mg,
  • Example 1 (Method 1): Synthesis of (3aR,7aR)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-2- yl)octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine [00859] To a stirred solution of 2-bromo-4-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridine (150 mg, 0.622 mmol, Intermediate F) and ⁇ 1,3-bis[2,6-bis(pentan-3-yl)phenyl]-4,5-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl ⁇ dichloro(2- methyl-1lambda4-pyridin-1-yl)palladium (52.33 mg, 0.062 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) were added Cs 2 CO 3 (405.36 mg, 1.244 mmol) and (3aR,7aR)-4-(3-
  • Example 3 Synthesis of (R)-N-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinopyridin-2-amine [00861] To a stirred solution of (R)-4-Bromo-N-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)pyridin-2-amine (530 mg, 1.5 mmol, Intermediate E) and morpholine (791.03 mg, 9.078 mmol) in dioxane (6 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (986.10 mg, 3.026 mmol), XantPhos (175.13 mg, 0.303 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (138.57 mg, 0.151 mmol) in turns at rt under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Step 2 N 1 -(2- ⁇ [(3-fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino]methyl ⁇ -7-(piperidin-1-yl)quinazolin-4- yl)ethane-1,2-diamine
  • tert-butyl (2-((2-(((3-fluorophenyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)-7- (piperidin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)carbamate 270 mg, 0.531 mmol
  • DCM 4 mL
  • 4 M HCl gas
  • Purified His-tagged DCAF1 WD40 domain was diluted in running buffer (10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20, 1 mM tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine, 2% (v/v) DMSO) and immobilized to a density of 2700 resonance units (RU) on Series S Sensor Chip NTA (Cytiva Cat# 28994951) using His capture, amine coupling (HCAC) methodology (Kimple, A.J., Muller, R.E., Siderovski, D.P., Willard, F.S. (2010).
  • running buffer 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20, 1 mM tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine, 2% (v/v) DMSO
  • HCAC His capture, amine coupling
  • DCAF1-3 binding results for compounds of the invention are presented in Table 3.
  • the letter codes for DCAF1-3 KD include: A ( ⁇ 10 ⁇ M); B (10 – 100 ⁇ M); C (>100 – 200 ⁇ M); D (>200 ⁇ M); and E (not tested). Table 3.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des composés, des compositions de ceux-ci, et des procédés d'utilisation de ceux-ci.
PCT/US2023/077743 2022-10-25 2023-10-25 Agents de dégradation d'irak et leurs utilisations WO2024092011A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021119159A1 (fr) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-17 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Agents de dégradation d'irak et leurs utilisations
US20210340124A1 (en) * 2018-08-27 2021-11-04 Shenzhen Bo Li Jian Medicine Co., LTD. Pyrazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and use thereof
US20220056046A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2022-02-24 Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited Bicyclic heterocyclyl derivatives as irak4 inhibitors
US20220273668A1 (en) * 2021-02-15 2022-09-01 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Irak4 degraders and uses thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220056046A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2022-02-24 Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited Bicyclic heterocyclyl derivatives as irak4 inhibitors
US20210340124A1 (en) * 2018-08-27 2021-11-04 Shenzhen Bo Li Jian Medicine Co., LTD. Pyrazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and use thereof
WO2021119159A1 (fr) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-17 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Agents de dégradation d'irak et leurs utilisations
US20220273668A1 (en) * 2021-02-15 2022-09-01 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Irak4 degraders and uses thereof

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