WO2024089692A1

WO2024089692A1 - System and method to build a personalized multidimensional space to digitize scent preferences and build a customized perfume mix

Info

Publication number: WO2024089692A1
Application number: PCT/IL2023/051104
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alon Daniel GAFSOU
Original assignee: Gafsou Alon Daniel
Priority date: 2022-10-24
Filing date: 2023-10-24
Publication date: 2024-05-02

Abstract

A scent personalization system that utilize one or more processors and memories to carry out the following: receive user's data indicative of one or more olfactive preferences and/or physiological properties of a user; process the user's data to construct a user's olfactory data vector mapping the user's data into a multidimensional scent presentation space; find in the multidimensional scent presentation space one or more other olfactory data vectors of smallest distance to the user's olfactory data vector; extract from the one or more other olfactory data vectors olfactive preferences and/or scented products, and generate one or more recommendations and/or scented formulation for the user based on the olfactive preferences and/or scented products extracted from the one or more other olfactory data vectors.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO BUILD A PERSONALIZED MULTIDIMENSIONAL SPACE TO DIGITIZE SCENT PREFERENCES AND BUILD A CUSTOMIZED

PERFUME MIX

TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD The present invention is generally in the field of olfaction profiling and construction for products design, personalization, identification and matching.

BACKGROUND ART

References considered to be relevant as background to the presently disclosed subject matter are listed below:

[1] L. Secundo et al "Individual olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information" , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 112: 8750-8755 (2015).

[2] T. Weiss et al "Perceptual convergence of multi-component mixtures in olfaction implies an olfactory white", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 109 : 19959- 19964 (2012) .

[3] C. Marisa et al "Olfactory perception and olfactory imagery: A multidimensional analysis", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, , 287- 301.

[4] E. J. Mayhew et al "Transport features predict if a molecule is odorous", , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 119(15) (2022).

[5] A. Ravia et al "A measure of smell enables the creation of olfactory metamers", Nature 588, 118-123 (2020).

BACKGROUND

This section intends to provide background information concerning the present application, which is not necessarily prior art.

Scents are a language, a way of communication, delivering information about our surrounding, our health condition and influence our decision making and how we perceive different people and products. Scents make our everyday life more joyful, enrich our experience, and alarms us about dangerous harmful conditions in our surroundings. Humans has about 400 different olfactory receptors (ORs). An interaction between one or more volatile molecule with one or more of our ORs may end in odor sensation. The properties of those molecules roles that odorant-receptor interaction. The kind and number of ORs that are activated govern the neural activity of the ORs that at the end govern odor perception. Odors around us are one or more volatile molecules in their natural gas state, or liquids that evaporates to gas. Those volatile molecules can activate ORs or trigeminal cells.

Most of the odors we experience in our everyday life are mixtures of more than one specific molecule. Those mixtures evaporates to become gas. The proportions of each molecule in the gas phase may be different in the gas phase and depends on both the physiochemical properties of the molecules (for example only vapor pressure, molecular weight, surface tension, density

Etc.) and of the medium the liquid evaporates into, in most cases air, like chemical nature, temperature and humidity. By controlling those parameters and the composition of a scent mixture, the nature and concentration of the volatile molecules in the gas can be controlled. Based on the molecular weight, and by correcting differences it is possible to calculate the exact number of molecules activating the ORs and their chemical nature (see e.g., [3]), thereby basically control odor perception. Hence, by manipulating the headspace (i.e., the odorant gas above a liquid) composition and controlling the humidity and temperature, it is possible to control the headspace concentration, and hence the exact nature and number of molecules interacting with ORs and the olfactory neural signature. This way a relatively wide range of perceptions can be generated from a small limited number of "bases”.

The ability to smell and, in part, the ability to taste is regulated by the olfactory nerve system. The olfactory nerve system is complex and interconnected with several systems in the brain. Olfactory receptors located in the nose are specialized bipolar neurons with cilia protruding into the mucous covering the epithelium. The axons of the bipolar neurons are packed into bundles that fonn connections in the olfactory bulb in the brain. The olfactory bulbs contain a rich supply of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Neuromodulators include thyrotropin releasing hormone, substance P, enkephalin, dopamine, glutamate, and aspartate. The neurotransmitters include serotonin, acetylcholine and noradrenaline which are delivered to the bulbs from cell bodies in other brain regions and are formed within the bulbs in the terminal projections only. Central olfactory projections from the bulb interconnect the bulb to other areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, tire hypothalamus, and the pyriform lobe. There is an anatomical and biochemical connection between the olfactory system and the limbic system in the brain. The limbic system includes the hippocampus and amygdala region, and is known as the emotional center of the brain. The limbic regions have many synaptic contacts with olfactory bulbs. Many of the limbic structures and the olfactory bulbs are reciprocally interconnected in loop pathways that may be involved in the regulation of brain emotional output. There are several known disorders of taste and smell which affect the function of the olfactory system and which present major problems for the patient. In fact, how a person perceives a scent may indicate his health condition . In addition, body odor of a person also reflects information about his health condition. Body secretions of a person, such as sweat, feces, urine, breath etc, may contain bio markers which may indicate specific health or mental condition.

Chemosensory dysfunctions are usually described by the following terms: ageusia (absence of taste), hypogeusia, (diminished sensitivity of taste), dysgeusia (distortion of normal taste), anosmia (complete absence of smell), hyposmia (diminished sense of smell), Phantosmia ( smelling something when there is no smell), Prosmia ( Smelling something which is completely different then the real smell). These disorders cause modification of food choices and dietary habits, alter digestion, and the ability to detect noxious gases and poisons. Overall, chemosensory disorders are chronic problems that can reduce enjoyment and quality of life. It is also known that neurological disorders involving damage to the brain can also include a chemosensory dysfunction. For example, patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease show a marked impairment m smell identification which may be associated with senile plaques, neurofibrillary-' tangles, and reduced cholinergic activity in the olfactory bulb.

Today there is currently no scent diffuser that can control the exact kind and number of molecules or precisely activate the olfactory receptors to create a specific scent perception or a scent related response e.g., mood, quality of a product, learning ability, spatial perception or any cognitive response. The ability to diffuse a gas scent in a controllable manner increase the quality of dispassion, its pleasantness to the human nose, and by integrating odor threshold values we can constantly control its intensity, so that by using sensors to measure this concentration in the ambiance, a feed-back system to control the diffusion .

US Patent Publication No. 2018/15965930 discloses an odorant mixture comprising N odorant components wherein N equals at least 20. Each odorant component is characterized by a multidimensional vector of attributes. A z score of an average of characteristic distances between vectors corresponding to odorant components in the mixture and vectors corresponding to odorant components in a group of M odorant components but not in the mixture is less than 2.

International Patent Application No. PCT/IL2014/050444, of the same inventor hereof, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a system and method for creating a scent database. An electronic sensing unit is used to receive an odorant sample and generate an electronic signature characterizing the sample received therein via a sample guiding unit that guides first portion of the sample into the electronic sampling unit and a second portion of the sample towards an outlet, thereby enabling one or more users to be exposed to said gas- phase sample. A control unit is used to receive data indicative of the electronic signature generated by the electronic sensing unit and a data from the one or more users indicative of a plurality of olfactive descriptors characterizing the sample to which the users are exposed, thereby enabling creation of a data record including first and second characterizing data corresponding to the same sample. The scent database is constructed from a plurality of such data records, each being associated with a specific odorant sample, which may then be used to characterize, formulate, and/or create, a desired scent based on comparison of an electric signature generated for the scent by the electronic sensing device and data records which electronic signatures comply with some best compliance criterion.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This application provides system and method for profiling users based inter alai on their scent related characteristics and physiologic properties, and for constructing for each user an olfaction characterizing vector in a multidimensional olfaction space for reference with respect to other vectors of users and/or groups of users and/or organizations and/or scent related products, substances and/or formulations, in the multidimensional olfaction space. The proximity of the user's olfaction characterizing vector to one or more oilier vectors in the multidimensional olfaction space is utilized to match one or more specific products and/or medical treatments to derive one or more scent related formulations complying with the user's preferences and physiologic parameters.

In some embodiments an olfaction database is constructed for acquiring and recording scent related data from a plurality of databases and websites accessible over data networks (e.g., the Internet), for allowing linking and collaborating scent related data to scent related products, organizations (e.g., manufacturers, distributers, sellers, healthcare institutes, regulatory agencies, social media, music streaming services, movies and/or TV shows streaming services), research and studies, chemical constitution data, etc. One or more of the data records of tire olfaction database can be located as a vector in the the multidimensional olfaction space and used as references to the users' olfaction characterizing vectors for assisting in the matching of the scent based products and/or deriving the one or more scent related formulations therefor.

In one aspect there is provided ascent personalization system comprising one or more processors and memories configured to carry out the following: receive user's data indicative of one or more olfactive preferences and/or physiological properties of a user; process the users data to construct a user's olfactory data vector mapping the user's data into a multidimensional scent presentation space; find in the multidimensional scent presentation space one or more other olfactory data vectors of smallest distance to the user's olfactory data vector; extract from the one or more other olfactory data vectors olfactive preferences and/or scented products; and generate one or more recommendations and/or scented formulation for the user based on the olfactive preferences and/or scented products extracted from the one or more other olfactory data vectors.

The user's data can comprise direct data acquired from the user by a questionnaire or form. The user's data can comprises indirect data acquired via one or more sensor devices, and/or processed analyzed direct user's data. The system comprising in some embodiments a measurement setup configured to acquire the indirect data and transmit the acquired indirect data to the system over one or more data networks.

The system can be configured to receive and process score data from the user indicative of user's pleasantness to one or more test samples prepared based on the extracted olfactive preferences and/or scented products, and generate either a retail offer if the score data is indicative of user's satisfaction from at least one of said test samples, or one or more scented formulation utilizing the extracted olfactive preferences and/or scented products. The system can be configured to generate the one or more scented formulations by mixtures of fragrance compounds associated with extracted olfactive preferences and/or scented products. The system can be configured to decompose the scented formulation and/or products into RGB accords based of volatility levels of their ingredient. Optionally, but in some embodments preferably, the system is configured and to generate the one or more scented formulations by mixtures of 15-30% RGB accords with vapor pressure of approximately 0.1 to 10 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) at room temperature of 20-25°C, 30-60% RGB accords with vapor pressure of approximately 0.01 to 1 mmHg at room temperature, and 15-30% RGB accords with vapor pressure of approximately 0,001 to 0.1 mmHg at room temperature. The system can be configured to determine concentration of at least one of the fragrance compounds based on a distance of one of the one or more other olfactory data vectors from the users olfactory data vector in the multidimensional scent presentation space.

Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, the system comprises an olfaction database having a plurality of scent related data records, and wherein the system is configured to generate at least one of the other olfactory data vectors for at least one of said plurality of scent related data records. Each one of the scent related data records can comprise at least one of the following: a scented product, substance and/or formulation; chemical ingredients of said product, substance and/or formulation; a manufacturer of said product, substance and/or formulation; a distributer of said product, substance and/or formulation; a review about said product, substance and/or formulation; consumers of said product, substance and/or formulation; a healthcare institute associated with said product, substance and/or formulation, research and/or studies about said product, substance and/or formulation; sales information of said product, substance and/or formulation; regulatory information and/or agency associated with said product, substance and/or formulation.

The system comprises in some embodiments a crawler configured to scan a plurality of databases and/or websites for scented products, substances and/or formulations, and generating new scent related data records in the olfaction database therefor. The system comprises in some embodiments an artificial intelligence research tool configured to determine based on the scent related data records of the olfaction database at least one of the following: scent related market trends; scent related investment opportunities; scent related sales/campaigns; scent related substances and/or formulations; scent related recommendations, scent related reviews, chemical ingredients of scent related products and/or formulations; scent related sales information.

The system can be configured to determine at least one coordination value of the user's olfactory data vector in the multidimensional scent presentation space based on a volatility level of at least one ingredient of the a scented product or formulation associated with the ser's olfactive preferences. 'The system can be configured with a scent producer unit comprising a closed container configured receive a sample materials and an extracting material, generate a vapor mixture thereof thereinside, and controllably release said vapor mixture therefrom.

In another aspect there is provided a scent producer unit comprising a closed container configured receive a sample materials and an extracting material, generate a vapor mixture thereof thereinside, and controllably release the vapor mixture therefrom. In another aspect there is provided a system for determining chemical ingredients of a sample comprising the scent producer of any of the embodiments disclosed herein, and a gas anlyzer unit configured to receive the vapor mixture from the scent producer and determine at least one chemical ingredient of the sample therefrom.

In another aspect there is provided a scent and/or taste test apparatus comprising: a closed container configured to receive a sample and a trigeminal substance thereinside, generate a vapor mixture of the sample and the trigeminal substance, and discharge said vapor mixture for user's experience testing. The apparatus can comprise a mouth applicator fluidly communicated to the container to receive the vapor mixture discharged therefrom, and configured to selectively direct the vapor mixture onto one or more determine areas of a mouth cavity of the user. The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated that the conception and specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present application. It should also be realized that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the disclosed subjecy matter as set forth in the appended claims.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. In case of conflict, the specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to understand the in vention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Features shown in the drawings are meant to be illustrative of only some embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise implicitly indicated. In the drawings same reference signs are used to indicate members (configural elements) having identical or corresponding functions and/or structures, and in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating construction and usage of an olfaction database according to possible embodiments;

Figs. 2A to Fig. 2D schematically illustrate multidimensional scent presentation, product matching and/or formulation construction, according to possible embodiments, wherein Fig. 2A demonstrate multidimensional scent presentation and proximity detection, Fig. 2B demonstrates scent decomposition into RGB accord axes components, Fig. 2C and 2D exemplify scent matching and/or formulation process and system;

Fig. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating system and method of determining chemical ingredients of a sample according to possible embodiments; and

Figs. 4A to 4C schematically illustrate sample scent or taste testing setup and method according to possible embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

One or more specific and/or alternative embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings, which are to be considered in all aspects as illustrative only and not restrictive in any manner. It shall be apparent to one skilled in the art that these embodiments may be practiced without such specific details. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features or details of an actual implementation are described at length in the speci fication. Elements illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, or in correct proportional relationships, which are not critical. Emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention such that persons skilled in the art will be able to make and use the scent modeling, matching and/or formulation, once they understand the principles of the subject matter disclosed herein. This invention may be provided in other specific forms and embodiments without departing from the essential characteristics described herein.

The following disclosure provides scent modelling techniques and implementations, usable for personalized scent matching and/or formulation. In a broad aspect, user's olfactory preferences, profiling data, measurements (e.g. , physiological) data, and other related data, are normalized for olfaction vector presentation in a multidimensional olfaction space, for establishing a unique reference point therefor with respect to a plurality- of olfaction presentation vectors e.g, determined for other users or group of users, and/or for olfactory based products, such as perfumes, aftershaves, air fresheners, and suchlike. Proximity of the users olfaction vector presentation to one or more of the plurality of olfaction presentation vectors is then determined for detection of one or more olfaction presentation vectors that are closest to the user's olfaction vector presentation for the scent matching and/or formulation construction.

Normalized olfaction descriptors of respective fragrance related compounds (such as RGB accords schematically illustrated in Fig. 2B) are then extracted from the detected closest one or more olfaction presentation vectors for the scent matching and/or formulation. In possible applications, the extracted normalized olfaction descriptors are used for matching one or more specific products in compliance with the user's olfactory preferences. Additionally, or alternatively, the extracted normalized olfaction descriptors are used for determining one or more mixtures of the respective fragrance related compounds, and for preparing the respective mixture samples for testing by the user.

The user can then test the one or more specific products matched therefor, and/or the mixture samples prepared therefor, for scoring them and determining the most satisfying result(s) therefrom. One or more purchase orders can be then placed by the user for the one or more specific matched products and/or mixture/formulation samples, which received the highest scores. If the user does not find satisfaction in any of the matched specific products and/or mixture/formulated samples, one or more new olfactory formulations are determined based at least partially on the extracted normalized olfaction descriptors.

Optionally, the one or more new olfactory formulations provide one or more new mixtures of the respective fragrance related compounds using new' different concentrations thereof, which can be determined at least partially based on the distances of the respective detected closest one or more olfaction presentation vectors e.g., the vectors' distances relations can be used for determinmg respective relations between fragrance related compounds. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more new' olfactory formulations are at least partially based on RGB accords having high user scoring rates. One or more new' mixture samples can be then prepared for the one or more new' olfactory formulations, and provided to the user for testing. This process can be repeated any number of times until one or more satisfactory mixtures are determined tor the user.

In possible applications an olfaction database is constructed and optionally used for finding matching products satisfying users preferences, and/or for searching and acquiring olfactory data related to productions, sales, promotions, scientific studies, experiments, consumer's review, market analysis, sales performance of scented products. One or more crawlers can be used in some embodiments to scan databases and/or websites (e.g., the world wide web - WWW) for scent related products, manufacturers, distributers, consumers, healthcare institutes, regulatory bodies, and/or consumers, and recordation of the same in one or more respective records of the olfaction database. Optionally, each new record opened for a scent related product is reviewed and verified to confirm its validity/integrity.

In possible embodiments the one or more crawlers are further used to acquire for each data record in the olfactory database further data from databases and/or websites about scent related researches, studies, purchase groups, manufacturers, distributers, regulations, sales, chemical constitutional, reviewers, consumers, healthcare institutes, and/or market analysis information. Each additional data found by the one or more crawlers in relation to the records of the olfactory database can then added to the respective records, optionally, after passing a review thereof for validity/integrity and confirmation. For example, scent related data records, such as of products, can be analysed to determine respective RGB accords thereof, being indicative of volatile levels of ingredients, and which levels can be used to define coordinates on respective RGB accord axes of the multidimensional olfactory space e.g., to characterise users' preferences and/or scent related products, substances and/or formulations.

The olfactory database can be used to identify market trends, investment opportunities, and/or sales/campaigns associated with cent related products, substances and/or formulations, and/or to extract recommendations, review's, chemical ingredients, and/or sales information, therefor. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, an artificial intelligence (Al) model is trained using some or all of the data records of the olfactory database for conducting olfactory based research and studies e.g., for modeling taste or odor perception, recommending for an existing scent related product, designing new' scent related products, identifying market trends, investment opportunities, identifying bio-markers, setting references to train e-nose etc. In some embodiments, data collected for some or all of the data records is normalized and utilized to construct a respective olfaction presentation vector therefore for presentation as part of the plurality of olfaction presentation vectors in the multidimensional olfaction space e.g., usable for the proximity determining of tire user's olfaction vector presentation.

Substance' chemical composition can be determined in some embodiments by placing a sample material to be analyzed e.g., scented liquid and/or solid material such as for non limiting example, rare flower, urine, feces, sweat or any other body fluid, and an extracting material such as for non limiting example gases, such as Nitrogen, dried air , C02 or liquids, such as water, Propylene Glycol Glycerine, Ethyl Alcohol, Isopropanol, Dipropylene Glycol (DPG), Isopropyl Myristate, Dimethicone, Mineral Oil, Cyclomethicone, inside a closed container, for formation of vapors of the sample material thereinside. Vapors (e.g., headspace) formed inside the container can be then controllably streamed to a gas analyzer unit for accurately determining chemical composition of the sample material placed inside the container.

Substance’ scent and/or taste can be tested in some embodiments by placing a sample material e.g., edible fluid and/or solid, and a trigeminal substance such as, for non limiting examples Phenyl, Ethyl, Alcohol, or CO₂, inside a closed container, and steaming a (e.g., headspace) mixture obtained thereinside into a mouth cavity of a subject via a taste sample applicator comprising one or more nozzles configured to sprinkle/discharge the mixture onto predefined (e.g. , receptors') areas of the tongue and mouth cavity. The one or more nozzles can be located at locations over on the applicator for sprinkling/ discharging the mixture onto one or more scent and/or taste perceiving areas inside the mouth cavity of the user.

For an overview of several example features, process stages, and principles of the invention, the examples of olfaction database/repository illustrated schematically and diagrammatically in the figures are intended for a fragrance matching and/or construction. These fragrance matching and/or construction schemes are shown as one example implementation that demonstrates a number of features, processes, and principles used to provide personalized scented product/formulations, but they are also useful for other applications and can be made m different variations. Therefore, this description will proceed with reference to the shown examples, but with the understanding that the invention recited in the claims below can also be implemented in myriad other ways, once the principles are understood from the descriptions, explanations, and drawings herein. All such variations, as well as any other modifications apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and useful in scented product modelling, design and/or construction, applications may be suitably employed, and are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates construction and usages of an olfaction database (also referred to as olfaction data search engine - ODSE) 11. The olfaction database 11 comprises a plurality scent related data records R₁, R₂, ... , R« (collectively referred to herein as scent related data records R_i. where i,«>i are integer numbers), each associated with a certain scented product, compound, formulation, etc. The olfaction database 11 is configured in some embodiments for searching/interrogating its scent related data records R,- by one or more local users via a user interface (I/F) unit 11u (e.g. , utilizing a keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or suchlike), and/or remote end users EU1, EU2, . . . ,EU«, over one or more data networks (e.g., the Internet) 6. For this purpose, each of the end users EU1, EU2,...,EUm, can be utilize a search interface (I/F) 12s e.g., an agent application, downloadable search interface such as website, or suchlike, to interrogate the scent related data records R_i of the olfaction database 11.

The olfaction database 11 may comprise one or more processors lip and memories 11m configured to generate and maintain the scent related data records R_i, and to communicate data over one or more data networks 6, utilizing one or more modules/ units. A database manager module 11g is used in some embodiments to construct and maintain (e.g,, check integrity) the scent related data records R_i. A communication unit/module 11c can be used for communicating data over the one or more data networks 6. A database query module l l q can be used to conduct search queries locally issued via the user I/F llu, and/or remotely issued by one or more of the end users ECU, EU2, . . . ,Euw via their search interfacel2s.

In sone embodiments one or more crawler modules 11c are used to periodically or systematically explore databases and/or websites accessible over the one or more data networks 6 e.g. , the world wide web - WWW, for scent related products 5, manufacturers 15, distributers 16, consumers 13, healthcare institutes 9, and/or regulatory agencies 18, etc., for recordation of the same in the olfaction database 11 e.g., by the database manager module 11g. The one or more crawler modules 11c can be further configured to acquire for each of the scent related data records R_i in the olfactory database 11 further data from databases and/or websites about scent related researches and/or studies 17, consumers/purchase groups 13, manufacturers 15, distributers 16, regulations 18, sales 8, chemical constitution 19, reviewers and/or market analysis information 14, healthcare institutes 9, etc. s olfactory based technology areas encompasses abroad range of technologies that deal with scent-related data, including both digital and non-digital methods. The disclosed olfaction database 11 embodiments go beyond just digital olfaction and covers any technology having the capability to convert scent information into an informative layer, as exemplified in Fig. 2A, usable for providing insights for informed decision-making. and/or multidimensional mapping, scent related products, substances and/or formulations. The olfaction database 11 and its Al research tools Ila can be used to highlight significant advancements in olfaction technology, implement Al applications in taste and olfaction, odor data management, scent-to-color translation, disease detection, and the use of biotechnology and green chemistry.

By way on a non-limiting example, the scent related data records R_i of the olfaction database 11 can be record one or more of the following:

Technology Providers;

Sensor manufacturers: companies that produce olfactory sensors and sensor arrays used for detecting and analysing odors.

Data analytics and Al Companies: businesses that specialize in data analysis and artificial intelligence, which can be used to interpret and make sense of olfactory data.

Hardware manufacturers: manufacturers of devices and equipment that incorporate olfactory technology, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), wearable scent devices or smart home systems.

Software developers: developers of software applications and platforms for controlling and managing olfactory devices and/or data.

Fragrance and/or flavor providers;

Such providers can include aroma chemical and natural ingredients manufacturers/providers. Companies that develop or manufacture different aroma materials via different processes, such as, but not limited to, distillation, extraction, chemical reactions, biotechnology processes, etc. This ccaann also include: perfume and fragrance manufacturers/providers, companies that produce or trade perfumes, scents, and fragrances for various applications, including personal care and home products; and food and/or beverage manufacture companies; and/or businesses in the food and/or beverage industry that can use digital olfaction for quality control, flavor enhancement, and product development.

Healthcare and medical;

Pharmaceutical companies can use olfactory technologies for drug development, odor- based diagnostics, and patient monitoring.

Medical device Manufacturers: companies that can integrate olfactory sensors into medical devices for applications like early disease detection.

Mental health professionals: mental health practitioners who can leverage scent-based therapies for their patients. Aromatherapy and wellness brands are another non limiting example. Entities that promote well-being and mental health through scents and aromatherapy. Environmental and safety organizations :

Environmental monitoring agencies. Government agencies and organizations interested in using olfactory technology for environmental monitoring and pollution control.

Safety and security companies can be also included. Organizations focused on using olfactory tech for safety and security applications, such as gas leak detection or explosives detection.

Retail and consumer electronics :

Companies that can sell olfactory tech devices and products to consumers through physical stores or online platfonns.

Consumer electronics manufacturers-electronics companies that can integrate olfactory technology into existing products like smartphones, smart home systems, or wearable devices. Research and academy :

Research institutions and universities: collaborate with academic institutions and research centers for further advancements in digital olfaction and its applications.

Startups and innovators: connect with emerging startups and innovators in the olfactory tech space to foster innovation and development Consumer advocacy and education:

Consumer advocacy groups: engage with organizations focused on educating consumers about the benefits and potential risks of olfactory technology.

Educational institutions: collaborate with schools and universities to educate the next generation of professionals in this field.

Market Research and Analysts:

Market research firms: using market research firms to gather data and insights on consumer preferences, trends, and market dynamics.

Investors and Funding Sources :

Venture capitalists and angel investors: seek investment from individuals and firms interested in supporting innovations in olfactory tech.

The technology areas of some of the scent related data records R_i, can include, but not limited to:

Detection - technologies that get inspired by animals’ olfaction, and/or specialized chemical sensors to interact with specific molecules or groups of molecules. This interaction between the sensors and specific molecules or group of molecules leads to alterations in their electrical signals, which can then be analyzed to detect a specific mono molecule or a complex a mix of molecules.

Translation - technologies that employ artificial intelligence to interpret the structural and physicochemical attributes of a molecule, as well as electronic signals from the hardware detectors), into meaningful outcomes, such as identifying odor profiles and/or diagnosing diseases.

Transmission 'diffiision - technologies that generate unique scent experiences, which can be transmitted through diverse devices, such as, but not limited to, smartphones, VR headsets, and/or scent generators.

New Layer of Data- Scent can alert us from a danger or a system's failure.

With the integration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) detection and/or Al technology, an additional layer of data can be introduced. Our sense of smell not only provides us with the enjoyment of pleasant aromas but also serves as a data collector, gathering information from our environment.

Odor data management encompass any technology designed to analyze this data and provide valuable insights for decision making.

Taking care of nature and the environment, energy saving, sustainability and green chemistry Technologies that use various approaches and practices aimed at producing healthier and more environmentally friendly products. This includes the use of technologies to reduce waler waste, energy saving as well as the application of green chemistry and biotechnology. These efforts collectively result in the production of more sustainable products with a reduced environmental impact.

Many embodiments can be implemented using the olfaction database 11, focusing on the field of olfaction. Using users' direct and/or indirect information, the olfaction database 11 can be used as a search engine usable to find and recommend existing scented products and/or for the development of personalized fragrance for various applications, including but not limited to perfumes, cosmetics, detergents, and other scented products. The following disclosure may particularly refer to the creation of a personalized alcoholic perfume, but may also be used for any type of scented product formulation and/or for recommending an existing scented product.

Embodiments hereof are configured to use users' direct and/or indirect information to build a multidimensional space that can utilize the information provided in the olfaction database 11 for building a model to create a multidimensional odor space, usable to define individua's scent preferences and to recommend to the user with a specific existing fragrance or building a personalized fragrance using predefined "RGB accords" as building blocks.

The olfaction database 11 represents a transformative frontier in olfaction technology. With its comprehensive approach, the olfaction database 11 can be used to gather data from various technology areas, offering insights and opportunities for personalized scents, improved quality of life, and sustainable practices. The olfaction database 11 can be used to anticipate the significant impact of olfaction technology on various aspects of society and industry, ushering in an era of technological breakthroughs in scent and flavor related implementations. The olfaction database 11 can be configured to record different type of information, such as, but not limited to, technology areas for olfaction, entities active in olfactory tech, scientific papers, sales performance of scented products, market analysis information and different algorithms to analyse the data and provide insights.

In some embodiment the olfaction database 11 is adapted for identification of business opportunities. The olfaction database 11 can be use for building a (e.g., Al) model configured to identify business opportunities based on diverse parameters, such as, but not limited to, market size, diversity of potential applications within specific market, value disruption, investment trends, technology utilization and maturity, feasibility, applicability, complexity, time to market etc. Each parameter can get its rating depending the on specific users’ preferences, and/or a final score can be set for each business opportunity for managers to take decisions.

Fig. 2A demonstrates a multidimensional scent presentation space 20, and usage thereof for proximity detection. The multidimensional scent presentation space 20 is spanned by a plurality of axes x1, x2,..,xk (where k>\ is an integer number), each used for coordinating a certain olfactive related data (e.g., RGB accord), user's measured/physiological data (e g., skin color, electrical conductivity, body chemistry and/or body odor, EEG, heartrate), user's indicated data (e.g., culinary preferences, gender, olfactive preferences). The multidimensional scent presentation space 20 is used in embodiments hereof for locating the users' olfactory data vectors u_i,...,u_j in the multidimensional scent presentation space 20, and for determining closets vectors g3,...,gr representing olfactory data of other users, and/or of scent related products, and/or of substances and formulations.

The distances (presented by dashed lines) between the a certain user's olfactory data vectors u_i and the other vectors g3,...,gr (e g., generated for scent related data records R_i of olfaction database 11) can be determined using any known metrics e.g., n-dimensional Euclidean distance, cosine distance, dot product distance, Manhattan distance, or suchlike, adopted to comply with the dimensionality of the space. In this example, the vectors that are closest to the user's olfactory data vectors ur are gs and gr, which can be used for extracting olfactory data for matching sent related products, and/or formulating scent related substances, the user associated therewith.

Fig. 2B demonstrates scent decomposition into RGB accord (26) axes components usable in possible embodiments to determine coordinates axes values characterizing users/products in the multidimensional olfaction space (20). A scented product e.g., perfume, is composed in some embodiments of three layers of RGB accord 26, comprising: a top note/layer 26v, that represent the most volatile constituents e.g., that brings the fragrance its freshness and evaporate fast; the heart note/layer 26e, that represent less volatile constituents e.g. , that brings the perfume its character; and the base note/layer 26s, that represent the least volatile constituents e.g. , that last for few hours or greater time durations.

Data from external databases for fragrance top 26v, middle 26e and base 26s notes/layers compositions, and/or for vapor pressure, of each ingredient in the perfume can be used to define the RGB accords 26. These building blocks can be used to create the personalized perfume e.g., by defining coordinates values for respective axes of the multidimensional scent presentation space 20. In some embodiments the user may define the "green scale" of the scented product/perfume matched thereto and/or the formulation therefor composed. This scale may be defined based on, for example, user's scoring e.g., as defined by the Green Motion (https://www.mane.com/innovation/green-motion). The RGB accords 26 may depend on previous scented products sales performance and the individual/user's or group of individual/users' favorite scented product. In some embodiments RGB accords 26 are determined using the following steps:

(i) Briefing-olfactory direction determination: the user and/or system selects different information for the olfaction database 11, related inter aha to target markets, best sellers, type of product application (e.g. , based on the international fragrance association - IFRA, categories), odor profiles, key ingredients and accords, marketing story, colors and packaging , which claim, regulatory or certifications the product should hold etc. to guide the search engine.

(ii) The result of this stage is a verbal representation of the desired fragrance. This serves as the foundation for scent inspiration and building the "RGB accords".

(in) Recommendation orblending the different RGB accords e g., by transforming the verbal descriptions into fragrance formulation by the following steps: • Selection of a "pallet for inspiration”, including information such as: consumer's profile (which may be a specific individual or a group of individuals), brand identity, target market, product type and their sales performance of specific products within those markets and/or categories and/or olfactive direction to set the "RGB accords".

• Optionally defining a target price range, chemical stability and/or regulations and/or specific certifications the client/user requires and/or level of naturality (e.g., 100% Natural, "Green" perfume, allergens free, etc.), or any such key screening factors which can impact the choice, the source tire quality and the quantity of rawmaterials.

Product category- based for example on IFRA's product’s category classification, may also plays a role and impact not only on the chois for chemical stability but also perceptual performance, such as intensity, diffusiveness, odor profile etc. Based on user's feedback and/or previous success, the system can sue the relevant regulations limitation, which is updated from time to time from different databases such as, for example, those of the IFRA, and/or the research of fragrance materials (RIFM), and/or their resources, to set the exact raw materials and dosage.

The new blend can be then evaluated by the user to provide feedbacks via direct and/or indirect information. In some embodiments, this feedback may involve using VR glasses to provide an entire experience with relevant vision and audio stimulants. Physiological parameters such as skin tonality, the extent to which the eyes brighten as a response to the odor, body response such as for examples, heart rate, skin conductivity, brain activity etc., may also be collected for scoring. The cycle, timing and amount of inheld air to sense the product, from the left and / or from the right nostril can also be monitored to set users' "pleasantness" scoring.

In some embodiments, a predictive model is applied for interrogating the information of the olfactive database 11. The data records of the olfactive database 11 may comprise information concerning: user's profile, regulations, direct and indirect user's data, existing scented products with their corresponding markets and geographical areas and their success. The disclosed embodiments can be configured to facilitate the translation of verbal and non- verbal descriptors into tangible scent profiles, considering critical factors, such as, but not limited to, olfactory direction, product type, regulatory compliance, and client preferences. This structured approach enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of fragrance development, catering to diverse market needs and applications. Fig. 2C and 2D exemplify scent matching and/or formulation process 27 and system 40 according to possible embodiments. The process 27 may start in acquisition of user's olfactive preferences (si e.g., scent frequency , favorite fragrances, perfumes, aftershaves, and suchlike), type and product category as defined by IFRA, regulative constraints such as those provided by IFRA, and/or direct (e.g., skin parameters, culinary preferences, diet, gender, social media, music streaming services, streaming service for movies and TV shows , using, for a non limiting example a questionnaire/form) and/or indirect (e.g., measurement data of skin, such as, skin type, skin tonality, body chemistry, body odor, electrical conductivity, heart rate, EEG, eye brightness, or any other information provided by sensors) user's characterizing data (s2). The user's acquired data (si and s2) can be them used to map (s3) the user onto the multidimensional scent presentation space (20) e.g., by normalizing the acquired parameters and constructing a restive user's olfactory data vector (ui).

Tlie user's olfactory data vector (ui) can be then used to find the nearest one or more olfaction presentation vectors (g3, . . , ,g_r) in the multidimensional scent presentation space (20) i.e., the olfaction presentation vectors (g3,... ,gr) that are closest to the user's olfaction vector ( u_i), usable for the scent matching and/or formulation construction. One or more recommendations can be then generated based on the nearest one or more olfaction presentation vectors ( g3, . . . ,g_r) that were found.

For example, if one or more of the nearest olfaction presentation vectors (g3, . . . ,g_r) are representing scented products (e.g., prefuems and/or other such products recorded in the olfaction database 11), the same specific scented products can be recommended to the user. Alternatively, or additionally, olfactory descriptors (e.g. , RGB accords) may extracted from the nearest olfaction presentation vectors (g3,... ,gr e.g., of other users and/or of scented products, substances and/or formulations) and used to construct new formulations to be used as recommendations (s4) for the user. The recommendations (s4 e.g., specific scented products, substances and/or formulation) and/or the newly constructed formulations can be then used to prepare test samples (s5) for the user's check and scoring. If one or more of the test samples are found matching to the users expectations/preferences (s6), they may then used for retail (s7 i.e., for purchase by the user and/or other users). If the test samples are do not found match to the user's expectations/preferences (s8), then new formulations and/or other scented products, substances and/or formulations of other nearby olfaction presentation vectors are used for generating new recommendations (s4) and preparation of new test samples (s5) for user's check and scoring. This process (s4, s5, s6 and s8) can be repeated any number of times until one or more of the test samples (s5) are found matching to the users expectations/preferences. New formulations (s8) can be constructed in each such iteration by changing the concentration of the fragrance materials, for example, in correspondence with the distance of the nearest olfaction presentation vector (g3,...,gr) associated with each fragrance materials of the formulation, from the user's olfaction vector (u/) in the multidimensional scent presentation space (20).

Fig. 2D is a block diagram of a system 40 for matching/designing scented products, substances and/or formulation, to users. The system 40 generally comprise tin according unit (e.g., computer device, such a desktop computer/PC, laptop computer, or smart device, at a sendee point or the users premises) 21, configured to acquire user's data (e.g., olfactive preferences and other direct and/or indirect data), and a matcher unit 22 (e.g. , computer device, such a desktop computer/PC, laptop computer, or smart device, of a service provider/seller, configured to receive and process the user's data and generate based thereon the recommendations (s4). Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, the system 40 further comprise the olfaction database 11 e.g., provided in the matcher unit 22, or as a separate unit accessible via the one or more data networks (e.g., the Internet) 6. The according unit 21, the matcher unit 22, and/or the olfaction database 11, may be communicatively coupled for data exchange over one or more data networks 6, optionally allowing access to the WWW. The according unit 21 may comprise one or more processors 21p and memories 21m configured to acquire the direct (e.g., using computerized questionnaires/forms) and/or the indirect (e.g. , using sensor devices such as provided in smart devices) user's data. For example, a preferences module 21f may be used to acquire the direct (e.g., using computerized questionnaires/forms) user's data. A measurement module 21s can be used for acquiring the indirect data. In possible embodiments a measurement setup 23 is used for acquiring the indirect data (e.g. , utilizing sensor devices). The measurement setup 23 can be provide as part of, or directly couped to, the according unit 21, or at a remote service point for data exchange over one or more data networks 6. The measurement module 21s can be accordingly configured to acquire the indi rect user's data via the measurement setup 23.

The according unit 21 can use a communication interface unit 21c to exchange data with tire matcher unit 22, tire measurement setup 23, and/or tire olfaction database 11, over the one or more data networks 6. A score module 21r may be used for receiving user's scores for test samples (s5) therefor prepared. A procurement module 21u may be used tor conducting e- commence interaction whenever scented products, substances and/or formulations, are provided by the matcher unit 22 for purchase by the user.

The matcher unit 22 may comprise one or more processors 22p and memories 22m configured to receive and process the direct and/or the indirect user's data acquired by the according unit 21 and/or the measurement setup 23, and generate the recommendations (s4) for the user. For example, a profiling module 22c may be used normalize the received user's data, and/or a mapping module 22n may be used to generate the respective user's olfactory data vector ( u_i). A vector search module 22v is used in some embodiments to find the one or more olfaction presentation vectors (g3,...,gr) that are nearest to the user's olfactory data vector (u/) in the multidimensional scent presentation space (20).

The matcher unit 22 may further comprise a communication interface unit 22c for exchanging data with the with the according unit 21, the measurement setup 23, and/or the olfaction database 11, over the one or more data networks 6. A formulation module can be used to prepare new formulations based on the found one or more nearest olfaction presentation vectors (g3,...,gr) and/or the user's scores received from the according unit 21. Optionally, a retail module is used for conducting e-commerce interactions whenever the user is interested in purchasing specific scented products, substances and/or formulations.

"The system can be used for an individual/user (also referred to as "consumer") or a group of individuals (t-.g. , a target market of a perfume brand). Fragrance creation is a nuanced process that involves translating a verbal description of the desired scent into a tangible olfactory experience. This process is multifaceted, considering factors such as for example: sales performance of previous product launches, consumers' likes or dislikes preferences, gender, target consumer, desired emotions, associations, marketing story, olfactory direction, product type, regulators' compliance, brand's image, personal preferences etc.

Profiling scent preferences is a complicated task. Different individuals have different odor preferences and different terminologies. Also, same fragrance (e.g., perfume) interacts differently on different consumers depending on many parameters such as, but not limited to, skin type, skin tonality, body chemistry and body odor etc. The same fragrance also behaves differently on different substrates ("products"). In addition, different consumers/individuals not only likes different perfumes, but also perceives the same scents differently. Due to this lack of common language of smell, current methodologies and technologies do not enable to create an accurate representative odor space to recommend scented or flavored products.

Based on direct and indirect data available in the olfaction database 11 it is possible to olfactory profile each consumer/user. The direct user's data includes in some embodiments any information the consumer/user or a group of consumers/ users (e.g., target consumers of a cosmetic brand for exampie) provides directly (e.g. , using questionnaires/forms). The direct users data may include the consumer/user's perception group (e.g., scent frequency or human olfactive ID, see e.g., [1]). The indirect user's data includes in some embodiments any bio-feedback and/or information provided not directly from the consumer/user (individual), such as, but not limited to, information from external databases such e-commerce sites to monitor trends, measurement data/signals from one or more sensor devise, data from social media, music streaming sendees, streaming services for movies and/or TV shows , fragrance blogs and databases e.g., The Good Scents Company Information System (http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com), fragrances of the world (htps://www.fragrancesoftheworld.com/), pubchem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), base notes (https://www.basenotes.net), fragrantica (htps://www.fragrantica.com/), and suchlike. In possible embodiments one or more different sensors are utilized to measure the individual/users' physiological parameters and/or reaction to the fragrance e.g., skin conductivity, EEG, heartrate, flow controller to monitor smelling paterns, means to define skin type or skin tonality, eye brightness or any other parameter using VR platforms.

By using methodology such as described in [2] for mono-molecules, and also in [1], which are incorporated herein by reference, it is possible to build N different odor mixes, which in some non-limiting embodiments may equal to 11 (i.e., N=11). In possible embodiments the individual, or group of individuals, provide impression(s) on those N odor mixes/frequencies e.g., using a questionnaire/form. One type of an impression may be rating the pleasantness of each of the Nmixes/frequencies or selecting the first and then the second most preferred scents of preference. In some non-limiting examples, the individual/user may rate more then two odorants and set odor mix by their pleasantness.

In some embodiments, the consumer/user's preference or "pleasantness" rate can be defined by moni toring the smelling pattern. This monitoring can include monitoring parameters such as, but not limited to, reaction time (scent diffusion to inhalation), speed of inhalation, duration of inhalation in each nostril, cycle of on-off smelling etc. as may be measured by the measurement setup 23 and/or stored in the olfaction database 11.

In possible embodiments, such smelling monitoring is carted out while bringing the respondent/user to state in which a person's attention is detached from the immediate environment e.g., by hypnosis, dreaming, sleeping, meditation, consciousness altering substances, etc. In case of sleeping, the monitoring may comprise detecting the sleeping stage e.g., using EEG. The monitoring may include measuring by the setup 23 the smelling profile of the individual/user or measuring the sensory motor feedback loop e.g., using a flow sensor applied on the diffuser to measure the difference between original flow' and the flow in any given moment, and providing means to measure or calculating the amount of odor molecules are inhaled by the individual's nose. In some non-limiting embodiments the smelling activity can be monitored during 50 to 300 milliseconds from starting the smelling. The monitoring may use means to measure or calculate the amount of odor molecules by building a sensory-' motor feedback loop e.g., using a flow' sensor applied on the diffuser to measure the difference between original flow and the flow' in any given moment, to thereby profile smelling activity and classify each individual/user or group of individuals/users based on smelling profiling during sleep or awakening, and collecting the relevant info for future analysis and classifications, The system 40 can be configured to use the olfactive database 11 with different parameters to group olfactive families. For example, the olfactive DB 11 comprises data records of different fragrances or scented products, which may be associated with olfactive families and subfamilies e.g., as described in the fragrance of the world by Michael Edward. Each fragrance family and subfamily generally may have 3 "building block" formulas, which represent the following categories: top (26v) --- volatile fresh molecules; heart (26e) - less volatile; and bottom (26s) - the least volatile molecules.

By answering a questionnaire with consumption situation of the fragrance use (e.g., ambiance, eau de toillets, perfuming a cosmetic product, gender, session), which impression the user desires to communicate, skin tonality, favorite fragrances etc., each consumption situation and fragrance families and names can be associated with one or more building blocks, and recommended concentrations, which may be automatically adapted by a user feedback satisfaction test.

After answering the questionnaire, the system 40 can recommend (s4) for the most appropriate building blocks/samples (s5). In possible embodiments a scent diffuser (e.g., 32 in Fig. 3) can be used to diffuse each building block/sample (s5) separately, and the user is then required to provide feedback/scores, to which extent the use may want this smell to be in the user's customized fragrance. The system 40 can then formulate the customized fragrance according to u ser's feedback/scores, for each of the building blocks/samples (s5), together w ith the information rules in the olfactory DB 11, for concentration according to intensity and/or artistic and/or scientific rules. The end formulation (s8) can be diffused for the user's feedback/score of likeness, which may be used to improve the rales of mixing, and/or categories, and/or building blocks, concentrations etc. US Patent Publication No. 2018/15965930 and [2] discuss multidimensional odor space and the possibility to create olfactory white and mask malodor. However, these publication do not take into account the individuals differences and odor detection threshold (the lowest odor concentration compound perceivable by human smell sense). Since different individuals react to smell differently, it is possible to group individuals by setting a "personal perception group".

In some embodiments, in the case of odor masking for environmental nuisance for example, it is possible to take into consideration the minimal odor perception threshold and calculate the odor eliminator based on a slightly lower concentration of this odor detection threshold of the most sensitive individual. The composition of the odor eliminator may also be composed by molecules activating human trigeminal cells to improve masking. Also mono- molecule can be used, which has a relatively strong or weak smell and high or low odor detection threshold (relative to the rest of the white mixture in the composition, or relative to the malodor composition.

[4] discusses characteristics feature of molecule to make it having a smell , [5] discusses a multidimensional space representation of odor mixture and measure similarities. Taking into account the malodor odor threshold and combining all of the above and shifting the odor mix from "odorous" position to "non-odorous”, it is possible to transform an odorous source into odorless, or at least to reduce odor intensity significantly. This method can be used to create an odor eliminator product.

Another non-limiting implementation disclosed herein relates to a taste digitization setup 48 shown in Figs. 4A to 4C. The taste digitization setup 48 comprises a closed container 42 configured for insertion (ql e.g., via removable lid 42d) of a sample material 43 thereinto, and a taste amplifying substance (q2), such as a trigeminal substance 44. The mixture (e.g., headspace) of sample and taste amplifying materials obtained inside the container 42 can be streamed (q3) via a specially designed taste sample applicator 45 into a mouth cavity of a tester/user. The applicatior 45 comprises in some embodiments one or more nozzles 45z formed at specific locations for targeting specific one or more taste sensitive areas inside the mouth cavity. After applying the mixture, descriptive taste feedback is acquired (q4) from the user/tester.

Fig. 4C show's a possible embodiment of the applicator 45, comprising discharge tube 45t having a circular discharger 45r fluid connected to its distal end. The circular discharger 45r comprises a plurality of nozzles 45z distributed over inferior and superior surfaces thereof, and/or about its circumference. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, each of the plurality of nozzles 45z can be controllably changed between closed and opened states, to thereby allow application of the tase amplified mixture onto specific areas inside the mouth cavity, and thereby activate specific areas on the tongues and/or palates and/or mouth floor and/or gums and/or mucosa and generate taste sensations, which may be incorporated with visual images to increase perception ,

For smell perception, the headspace may be generated based on Carbon dioxide or any other trigeminal odorless gas or vapor in order to increase the odor perceived intensity. In order to increase intensity, the formulation may consist of ingredients which activates the trigeminal system, and which increase intensity perception, to thereby reduce the concentration of the needed aroma ingredient.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a chemical ingredients identification setup 30 of possible embodiments. The system 30 comprises a closed contained 32 configured for insertion (e.g., via removable lid 32d) thereinto a sample material 33, and an extracting material (e.g., solvent) 34. A valve 31v can be used to controllably discharge the (headspace) vapor mixture 35 into a gas analyser 36 for identifying the chemical ingredients 31c of the sample 33,

A control unit 31 can be used to measure the state of the vapor mixture 35 by sensor element 32s (e.g. V apour pressure sensor or by measuring the headspace composition over time using chemical analyser, such as GC-MS, and change the valve 31v into its opened state for discharging the vapor 35 into the gas analyzer 36. The control unit 31 can be further configured to receive and process the measurement data/signals responsively generated by the gas analyzer 36, and determine one or more chemical ingredients 31c of the sample.

By using the personal perception ID, as described in this application, it is possible to identify bio markers for specific medical conditions e.g., by grouping data records of individuals into scent perceptions groups, and identifying VOCs in body samples such as blood, urine, feces, sweat etc. This controlling the humidity inside the container 32 by the sensor element 32s. The ambient gas inside the container 32 can be other then air, depending on the type of molecules to be extracted into the headspace, for detection and identification.

Optionally, the air is replaced by any gas or liquid vapors to encourage specific type of molecules to evaporate from the sample 33 into the contienr's environment. The tested sample 33 inside the container 32 releases certain molecules. This method increases certain molecules in tlie environment/headspace based on the composition ofthe environment e.g., if the air inside the container 32 is replace by vapors of a hydrophobic material as a kind of a "solvent", more hydrophobic molecules would be released from the sample 33. Then, by filtering the solvent away, using any chemical or physical known techniques, it is possible get a concentrated sample.

After generating enough molecules from the sample 33, the sample 33 can be tested via any available chemical analysis technique. This technique can be used not only for bio-markers detection, but for any type of volatiles or semi-volatiles ingredients, such as natural available odorant samples.

All prior art publication referenced herein are incorporated in their entirety for all purposes, as if fully set forth herein in this patent application.

The application also provides a computer program and a computer program product for carrying out any of the methods described herein, and a computer readable medium having stored thereon a program for carrying out any of the methods described herein. Each feature disclosed in the description, and (where appropriate) the claims and drawings may be provided independently or in any appropriate combination.

It should also be understood that throughout this disclosure, where a process or method is shown or described, the steps/acts of the method may be performed in any order and/or simultaneously, and/or with other steps/acts not-illustrated/described herein, unless it is clear from the context that one step depends on another being performed first, hi possible embodiments not all of the illustrated/de scribed steps/acts are required to carry out the method.

It will further be appreciated that the disclosed processes may be realized as computer executable code created using a structured programming language (e.g., C), an object oriented programming language such as OH-, or any other high-level or low-level programming language (including assembly languages, hardware description languages, and database programming languages and technologies) that may be stored, compiled or interpreted to run on one of the above devices, as well as heterogeneous combinations of processors, processor architectures, or combinations of different hardware and software. The processing may be distributed across a number of computerized devices, which may be functionally integrated into a dedicated standalone system. All such permutations and combinations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

As described hereinabove and shown in the associated figures, the present invention provides personalized scent matching and/or formulation system and related methods. While particular embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood, however, that the invention is not limited thereto, since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. As will be appreciated by the skilled person, the invention can be earned out in a great variety of ways, employing more than one technique from those described above, all without exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A scent personalization system comprising one or more processors and memories configured to cany out the following: receive user's data indicative of one or more olfactive preferences and/or physiological properties of a user; process said user's data to construct a user's olfactory data vector mapping said user's data into a multidimensional scent presentation space; find in said multidimensional scent presentation space one or more other olfactory data vectors of smallest distance to said user's olfactory data vector; extract from said one or more other olfactory data vectors olfactive preferences and/or scented products, and generate one or more recommendations and/or scented formulation for said user based on the olfactive preferences and/or scented products extracted from said one or more other olfactory data vectors.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the user's data comprises direct data acquired from the user by a questionnaire or form.

3. The system of any one of the preceding claims wherein the user's data comprises indirect data acquired via one or more sensor devices, and/or processed analyzed direct user's data.

4. The system of claim 3 comprising a measurement setup configured to acquire the indirect data and transmit the acquired indirect data to said system over one or more data networks.

5. The system of any one of the preceding claims configured to recei ve and process score data from the user indicative of user's pleasantness to one or more test samples prepared based on the extracted olfactive preferences and/or scented products, and generate either a retail offer if said score data is indicative of user's satisfaction from at least one of said test samples, or one or more scented formulation utilizing the extracted olfactive preferences and/or scented products.

6. The system of claim 5 configured to generate the one or more scented formulations by mixtures of fragrance compounds associated with extracted olfactive preferences and/or scented products.

7. The system of claim 6 configured to decompose the scented formulation and/or products into RGB accords based of volatility levels of their ingredient.

8. The system of claim 7 configured and to generate the one or more scented formulations by mixtures of 15-30% RGB accords with vapor pressure of approximately 0.1 to 10 mmHg (millimeters of mercury-’) at room temperature of 20-25°C, 30-60% RGB accords with vapor pressure of approximately 0,01 to 1 mmHg at room temperature, and 15-30% RGB accords with vapor pressure of approximately 0.001 to 0.1 mmHg at room temperature.

9. The system of any one of claims claim 6 to 8 configured to determine concentration of at least one of the fragrance compounds based on a distance of one of the one or more other olfactory data vectors from the user's olfactory data vector in the multidimensional scent presentation space.

10. The system of any one or the preceding claims comprising an olfaction database having a plurality of scent related data records, and wherein the system is configured to generate at least one of the other olfactory data vectors for at least one of said plurality of scent related data records.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein each one of the scent related data records comprising at least one of the following: a scented product, substance and/or formulation; chemical ingredients of said product, substance and/or formulation; a manufacturer of said product, substance and/or formulation; a distributer of said product, substance and/or formulation; a review about said product, substance and/or formulation; consumers of said product, substance and/or formulation; a healthcare institute associated with said product, substance and/or formulation, research and/or studies about said product, substance and/or formulation; sales information of said product, substance and/or formulation; regulatory information and/or agency associated with said product, substance and/or formulation.

12. The system of claim 10 or 11 comprising a crawler configured to scan a plurality of databases and/or websites for scented products, substances and/or formulations, and generating new scent related data records in the olfaction database therefor.

13. The system of any one of claims 10 to 12 comprising an artificial intelligence research tool configured to determine based on the scent related data records of the olfaction database at least one of the following: scent related market trends; scent related investment opportunities; scent related sales/campaigns; scent related substances and/or formulations; scent related recommendations, scent related review's, chemical ingredients of scent related products and/or formulations; scent related sales information.

14. The system of any one of the preceding claims configured to determine at least one coordination value of the user's olfactory data vector in the multidimensional scent presenta tion space based on a volatility level of at least one ingredient of the a scented product or formulation associated with the ser's olfactive preferences.

15. The system of any one of the preceding claims configured with a scent producer unit comprising a closed container configured receive a sample materials and an extracting material, generate a vapor mixture thereof thereinside, and controllably release said vapor mixture therefrom.

16. A scent producer unit comprising a closed container configured receive a sample materials and an extracting material, generate a vapor mixture thereof thereinside, and controllably release said vapor mixture therefrom.

17. A system for determining chemical ingredients of a sample comprising the scent producer of claim 16 and a gas anlyzer unit configured to receive the vapor mixture from said scent producer and determine at least one chemical ingredient of the sample therefrom.

18. A scent and/or taste test apparatus comprising: a closed container configured to receive a sample and a trigeminal substance thereinside, generate a vapor mixture of said sample and said trigeminal substance, and discharge said vapor mixture for users experience testing.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 comprising a mouth applicator fluidly communicated to the container to receive the vapor mixture discharged therefrom, and configured to selectively direct said vapor mixture onto one or more determine areas of a mouth cavity of the user.