WO2024087486A1 - 一种耳机 - Google Patents

一种耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087486A1
WO2024087486A1 PCT/CN2023/083540 CN2023083540W WO2024087486A1 WO 2024087486 A1 WO2024087486 A1 WO 2024087486A1 CN 2023083540 W CN2023083540 W CN 2023083540W WO 2024087486 A1 WO2024087486 A1 WO 2024087486A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
projection
area
emitting part
sagittal plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/083540
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
童珮耕
解国林
李永坚
徐江
招涛
武多多
戢澳
齐心
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CN2023/079412 external-priority patent/WO2024087445A1/zh
Application filed by Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority to CN202380030145.3A priority Critical patent/CN118985138B/zh
Priority to US18/499,197 priority patent/US11968489B1/en
Priority to US18/624,059 priority patent/US20240251191A1/en
Publication of WO2024087486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087486A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of acoustic technology, and in particular to a headset.
  • acoustic output devices e.g., headphones
  • electronic devices such as mobile phones and computers
  • acoustic devices can generally be divided into head-mounted, ear-hook, and in-ear types.
  • the output performance and wearing experience of acoustic devices have a great impact on the user's comfort.
  • an earphone comprising: a sound-emitting part, which is at least partially inserted into the concha cavity; an ear hook, which is hung between the auricle and the head of the user, and extends to the side of the auricle away from the head and is connected to the sound-emitting part, so that the sound-emitting part is worn near the ear canal but does not block the ear canal opening; wherein, in a non-wearing state, the ear hook and the sound-emitting part form a first projection on a first plane, the first projection includes an outer contour, a first end contour, an inner contour, and a second end contour, and the outer contour, the first end contour, the second end contour of the first projection, and a tangent segment connecting the first end contour and the second end contour jointly define a first closed curve, and the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part on the first plane to the first area of the first closed curve is between 0.25 and 0.4
  • an earphone comprising: a sound-emitting part, which at least partially covers the antihelix area; an ear hook, which is hung between the auricle and the head of the user, and extends to the side of the auricle away from the head and connects to the sound-emitting part, so that the sound-emitting part is worn near the ear canal but does not block the ear canal opening; wherein, in a non-wearing state, the ear hook and the sound-emitting part form a fifth projection on the first plane, and the fifth projection includes an outer contour, a first end contour, an inner contour, and a second end contour, and the outer contour of the fifth projection, the first end contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment connecting the first end contour and the second end contour jointly define a fifth closed curve; the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part on the first plane to the fifth area of the fifth closed curve is between 0.4 and 0.75.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ear according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG2 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an earphone according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG3 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an earphone according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic model formed by headphones according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earphone in a non-wearing state according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG6 is a first projection formed by projecting the earphone in a non-wearing state on a first plane according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG7 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an earphone according to yet other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing the difference in shape of an earphone in a wearing state and a non-wearing state according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing a listening index of a cavity-like structure having leakage structures of different sizes according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the projection area of the first projection and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the projection area of the sound-emitting part and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG12A is a schematic diagram of different exemplary matching positions of an earphone and a user's ear canal according to this specification;
  • FIG12B is a schematic diagram of different exemplary matching positions of another earphone and a user's ear canal according to this specification;
  • FIG12C is a schematic diagram of different exemplary matching positions of another earphone and a user's ear canal according to this specification;
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the projection of the end of the sound-producing part on the sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG14A is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the area of the first projection and the area of the projection of the cavum concha on the sagittal plane according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG14B is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the centroid of the first projection and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG15 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an earphone according to yet other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic model formed by headphones according to some other embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram showing the difference in appearance of an earphone in a wearing state and a non-wearing state according to some other embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to the projection of the sound-producing part on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG19A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wearing method of an earphone according to other embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG19B is a schematic diagram of another exemplary wearing method of an earphone according to other embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG19C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wearing method of another headset according to other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG19D is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wearing method of yet another earphone according to other embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG19E is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wearing method of yet another earphone according to other embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram showing exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the projection of the end of the vocal part on the sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane in FIG19E;
  • FIG21A is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the area of the first projection of the sound-emitting part on the sagittal plane and the area of the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane in a wearing scenario when the sound-emitting part does not extend into the concha cavity according to other embodiments of the present specification;
  • 21B is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the centroid of the first projection of the sound-emitting part on the sagittal plane and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane in a wearing scenario when the sound-emitting part does not extend into the concha cavity as shown in other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary ear schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the ear 100 may include an external auditory canal 101, a concha cavity 102, a cymba concha 103, a triangular fossa 104, an antihelix 105, a scaphoid 106, an auricle 107, an earlobe 108, an auricle crus 109, an outer contour 1013, and an inner contour 1014.
  • the antihelix crus 1011, the antihelix crus 1012, and the antihelix 105 are collectively referred to as the antihelix region in the embodiments of the present specification.
  • the acoustic device can be supported by one or more parts of the ear 100 to achieve stability in wearing the acoustic device.
  • the external auditory canal 101, the concha cavity 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, and other parts have a certain depth and volume in three-dimensional space, which can be used to meet the wearing requirements of the acoustic device.
  • an acoustic device e.g., an in-ear headset
  • the acoustic device can be worn with the help of other parts of the ear 100 except the external auditory canal 101.
  • the acoustic device can be worn with the help of parts such as the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, or the helix 107 or a combination thereof.
  • parts such as the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, or the helix 107 or a combination thereof.
  • it in order to improve the comfort and reliability of the acoustic device in wearing, it can also be further used with the user's earlobe 108 and other parts.
  • the external auditory canal 101 of the user's ear can be "liberated".
  • the acoustic device When the user wears the acoustic device (such as headphones), the acoustic device will not block the user's external auditory canal 101, and the user can receive both the sound from the acoustic device and the sound from the environment (for example, horns, car bells, surrounding human voices, traffic control sounds, etc.), thereby reducing the probability of traffic accidents.
  • the acoustic device can be designed to be compatible with the ear 100 according to the structure of the ear 100, so as to realize the wearing of the sound-emitting part of the acoustic device at different positions of the ear.
  • the earphone can include a suspension structure (e.g., ear hook) and a sound-emitting part, and the sound-emitting part is physically connected to the suspension structure, and the suspension structure can be adapted to the shape of the auricle, so as to place the whole or part of the structure of the sound-emitting part of the ear on the front side of the helix crus 109 (e.g., the area J surrounded by the dotted line in FIG1 ).
  • a suspension structure e.g., ear hook
  • the sound-emitting part is physically connected to the suspension structure
  • the suspension structure can be adapted to the shape of the auricle, so as to place the whole or part of the structure of the sound-emitting part of the ear on the front side of the helix crus 109 (e.g., the area J surrounded by the dotted line in FIG1 ).
  • the whole or part of the structure of the sound-emitting part can contact the upper part of the external auditory canal 101 (e.g., the position of one or more parts such as the helix crus 109, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, and the helix 107).
  • the upper part of the external auditory canal 101 e.g., the position of one or more parts such as the helix crus 109, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, and the helix 107.
  • the entire or partial structure of the sound-emitting part may be located in a cavity formed by one or more parts of the ear (for example, the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.) (for example, the area M1 surrounded by the dotted lines in FIG. 1 which includes at least the cymba concha 103 and the triangular fossa 104, and the area M2 which includes at least the cavum concha 102).
  • the cavum concha 102 for example, the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.
  • a simulator containing a head and its (left and right) ears made based on ANSI: S3.36, S3.25 and IEC: 60318-7 standards, such as GRAS 45BC KEMAR, can be used as a reference for wearing an acoustic device, thereby presenting the scene of most users wearing the acoustic device normally.
  • the ear used as a reference may have the following relevant characteristics: the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is within the range of 1300mm2 to 1700mm2 . Therefore, in this specification, descriptions such as “user wears", “in a wearing state” and “in a wearing state” may refer to the acoustic device described in this specification being worn on the ear of the aforementioned simulator.
  • the structure, shape, size, thickness, etc. of one or more parts of the ear 100 can be differentially designed according to ears of different shapes and sizes. These differentiated designs can be manifested as characteristic parameters of one or more parts of the acoustic device (for example, the sound-emitting part, ear hook, etc. mentioned below) having different ranges of values to adapt to different ears.
  • the sagittal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the ground along the front-to-back direction of the body, which divides the human body into left and right parts
  • the coronal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the ground along the left-to-right direction of the body, which divides the human body into front and back parts
  • the horizontal plane refers to a plane parallel to the ground along the vertical direction perpendicular to the body, which divides the human body into upper and lower parts.
  • the sagittal axis refers to an axis along the front-to-back direction of the body and perpendicular to the coronal plane
  • the coronal axis refers to an axis along the left-to-right direction of the body and perpendicular to the sagittal plane
  • the vertical axis refers to an axis along the up-down direction of the body and perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the "front side of the ear" described in this specification is a concept relative to the "back side of the ear”.
  • the front side of the ear refers to the side of the ear that is located along the sagittal axis and faces the human face area
  • the back side of the ear refers to the side of the ear that is located along the sagittal axis and faces away from the human face area.
  • the description of the ear 100 is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of this specification.
  • a person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications based on the description of this specification.
  • a part of the structure of the acoustic device can cover part or all of the external auditory canal 101. These changes and modifications are still within the scope of protection of this specification.
  • Fig. 2 is an exemplary wearing schematic diagram of the earphones shown in some embodiments of this specification.
  • the earphone 10 may include a sound-emitting portion 11 and a suspension structure 12.
  • the earphone 10 can wear the sound-emitting portion 11 on the user's body (for example, the head, neck or upper torso of the human body) through the suspension structure 12.
  • the suspension structure 12 can be an ear hook, and the sound-emitting portion 11 is connected to one end of the ear hook, and the ear hook can be set to a shape that matches the user's ear.
  • the ear hook can be an arc structure.
  • the suspension structure 12 can also be a clamping structure that matches the user's auricle, so that the suspension structure 12 can be clamped at the user's auricle.
  • the suspension structure 12 can include but is not limited to ear hooks, elastic bands, etc., so that the earphone 10 can be better fixed to the user to prevent the user from falling during use.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be worn on the user's body, and a speaker can be provided in the sound-emitting portion 11 to generate sound for input into the user's ear 100.
  • the earphone 10 can be combined with products such as glasses, headphones, head-mounted display devices, AR/VR helmets, etc.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be fixed near the user's ear 100 by hanging or clamping.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be annular, elliptical, polygonal (regular or irregular), U-shaped, V-shaped, or semicircular, so that the sound-emitting portion 11 can be directly hung on the user's ear 100.
  • At least part of the sound-emitting portion 11 may be located above, below, in front of the user's ear 100 (for example, region J in front of the tragus shown in FIG. 1 ) or inside the auricle (for example, region M1 or M2 shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the following will be exemplarily described in conjunction with different wearing positions (11A, 11B, and 11C) of the sound-emitting portion 11.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11A is located on the side of the user's ear 100 facing the human facial region along the sagittal axis direction, that is, the sound-emitting portion 11A is located on the facial region of the ear 100 facing the human body (for example, region J shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • a speaker is provided inside the shell of the sound-emitting portion 11A, and at least one sound outlet hole (not shown in FIG. 2 ) may be provided on the shell of the sound-emitting portion 11A, and the sound outlet hole may be located on the side wall of the shell facing or close to the user's external auditory canal, and the speaker may output sound to the user's ear canal through the sound outlet hole.
  • the speaker may include a diaphragm, and the chamber inside the shell is divided into at least a front chamber and a rear chamber by the diaphragm.
  • the sound outlet is acoustically coupled with the front chamber, and the vibration of the diaphragm drives the air in the front chamber to vibrate to produce air-conducted sound, and the air-conducted sound produced in the front chamber is transmitted to the outside through the sound outlet.
  • the shell may also include one or more pressure relief holes, and the pressure relief holes may be located on the side wall of the shell adjacent to or opposite to the side wall where the sound outlet is located.
  • the pressure relief holes are acoustically coupled with the rear chamber, and the vibration of the diaphragm also drives the air in the rear chamber to vibrate to produce air-conducted sound, and the air-conducted sound produced in the rear chamber can be transmitted to the outside through the pressure relief holes.
  • the speaker in the sound-emitting part 11A can output sounds with a phase difference (for example, opposite phases) through the sound outlet and the pressure relief hole.
  • the sound outlet can be located on the side wall of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11A facing the external auditory canal 101 of the user, and the pressure relief hole can be located on the side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 away from the external auditory canal 101 of the user.
  • the shell can act as a baffle to increase the sound path difference from the sound outlet and the pressure relief hole to the external auditory canal 101, so as to increase the sound intensity at the external auditory canal 101 and reduce the volume of far-field sound leakage.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can have a long axis direction Y and a short axis direction Z that are perpendicular to the thickness direction X and orthogonal to each other.
  • the long axis direction Y can be defined as the direction with the largest extension dimension in the shape of the two-dimensional projection surface of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the plane where its outer side surface is located, or the projection on the sagittal plane of the human body) (for example, when the projection shape is a rectangle or an approximate rectangle, the long axis direction is the length direction of the rectangle or the approximate rectangle), and the short axis direction Z can be defined as the direction perpendicular to the long axis direction Y in the shape of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body (for example, when the projection shape is a rectangle or an approximate rectangle, the short axis direction is the width direction of the rectangle or the approximate rectangle).
  • the thickness direction X can be defined as the direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional projection surface, for example, consistent with the direction of the coronal axis, both pointing to the left and right directions of the body.
  • the long axis direction Y and the short axis direction Z are still parallel or approximately parallel to the sagittal plane, and the long axis direction Y can have a certain angle with the direction of the sagittal axis, that is, the long axis direction Y is also tilted accordingly, and the short axis direction Z can have a certain angle with the direction of the vertical axis, that is, the short axis direction Z is also tilted, as shown in the wearing situation of the sound-emitting part 11B in FIG2.
  • the whole or part of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11B can extend into the concha cavity, that is, the projection of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11B on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body have an overlapping part.
  • the specific content of the sound-emitting part 11B reference can be made to the content elsewhere in this specification, for example, FIG3 and its corresponding specification content.
  • the sound-emitting part can also be in a horizontal state or an approximately horizontal state in the wearing state, as shown in the sound-emitting part 11C of FIG2, the long axis direction Y can be consistent or approximately consistent with the direction of the sagittal axis, both pointing to the front and back directions of the body, and the short axis direction Z can be consistent or approximately consistent with the direction of the vertical axis, both pointing to the up and down directions of the body.
  • the sound-emitting part 11C in an approximately horizontal state, which means that the angle between the long axis direction of the sound-emitting part 11C shown in FIG2 and the sagittal axis is within a specific range (for example, not more than 20°).
  • the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 11 is not limited to the sound-emitting part 11A, the sound-emitting part 11B and the sound-emitting part 11C shown in FIG2, and it only needs to satisfy the area J, the area M1 or the area M2 shown in FIG1.
  • the whole or part of the structure of the sound-emitting part 11 can be located in front of the crus helix 109 (for example, the area J surrounded by the dotted line in FIG1).
  • the whole or part of the structure of the sound-emitting part can contact the upper part of the external auditory canal 101 (for example, the position where one or more parts of the crus helix 109, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, the helix 107, etc. are located).
  • the entire or partial structure of the sound-emitting part of the acoustic device can be located in a cavity formed by one or more parts of the ear (for example, the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.) (for example, the area M1 surrounded by the dotted line in Figure 1, which includes at least the cymba concha 103 and the triangular fossa 104, and the area M2 that includes at least the cavum concha 102).
  • the cavum concha 102 for example, the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.
  • the earphone 10 may adopt any one of the following methods or a combination thereof.
  • the suspension structure 12 is configured as a contoured structure that fits at least one of the back side of the ear and the head, so as to increase the contact area between the suspension structure 12 and the ear and/or the head, thereby increasing the resistance of the acoustic device 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • at least a portion of the suspension structure 12 is configured as an elastic structure so that it has a certain amount of deformation when being worn, so as to increase the positive pressure of the suspension structure 12 on the ear and/or the head, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the suspension structure 12 is configured to abut against the ear and/or the head when being worn, so as to form a reaction force that presses the ear, so that the sound-generating portion 11 is pressed against the side of the ear away from the human head along the coronal axis direction, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the sound-generating part 11 and the suspension structure 12 are configured to clamp the antihelix region and the area where the concha cavity is located from the front and back sides of the ear when the earphone is worn, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the sound-generating part 11 or the structure connected thereto is configured to at least partially extend into the concha cavity 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104 and the scaphoid 106, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the end FE (also referred to as the free end) of the sound-emitting portion 11 can extend into the concha cavity.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 and the suspension structure 12 can be configured to clamp the aforementioned ear region from the front and rear sides of the ear region corresponding to the concha cavity, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off the ear, thereby improving the stability of the earphone 10 in the wearing state.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting portion is pressed in the concha cavity in the thickness direction X.
  • the end FE abuts against the concha cavity in the major axis direction Y and/or the minor axis direction Z (for example, abuts against the inner wall of the concha cavity opposite to the end FE).
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 refers to the end portion of the sound-emitting portion 11 that is arranged opposite to the fixed end connected to the suspension structure 12, also referred to as the free end.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be a structure with a regular or irregular shape.
  • an exemplary description is given to further illustrate the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11.
  • the end wall surface of the sound-emitting part 11 is a plane
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 is an end side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 that is arranged opposite to the fixed end connected to the suspension structure 12.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 may refer to a specific area away from the fixed end obtained by cutting the sound-emitting part 11 along the Y-Z plane (a plane formed by the short axis direction Z and the thickness direction X), and the ratio of the size of the specific area along the long axis direction Y to the size of the sound-emitting part along the long axis direction Y may be in the range of 0.05 to 0.2.
  • the volume of the sound at the listening position (for example, at the opening of the ear canal) can be increased. Especially the listening volume of mid-low frequencies, while still maintaining a good effect of far-field sound leakage cancellation.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity 102 form a structure similar to a cavity (hereinafter referred to as a quasi-cavity).
  • the quasi-cavity can be understood as a semi-enclosed structure surrounded by the side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity 102 structure.
  • the semi-enclosed structure makes the interior and the external environment not completely sealed and isolated, but has a leakage structure (for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.) that is acoustically connected to the external environment.
  • one or more sound outlet holes can be set on the side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 close to or facing the user's ear canal, and one or more pressure relief holes are set on the other side walls of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, the side walls away from or away from the user's ear canal).
  • the sound outlet holes are acoustically coupled with the front cavity of the earphone 10, and the pressure relief holes are acoustically coupled with the back cavity of the earphone 10.
  • the sound output from the sound outlet and the sound output from the pressure relief hole can be approximately regarded as two sound sources, and the sound of the two sound sources is equal in magnitude and opposite in phase.
  • the inner wall corresponding to the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity forms a cavity-like structure, wherein the sound source corresponding to the sound outlet is located inside the cavity-like structure, and the sound source corresponding to the pressure relief hole is located outside the cavity-like structure, forming the acoustic model shown in FIG4.
  • the cavity-like structure 402 may include a listening position and at least one sound source 401A.
  • “include” may mean that at least one of the listening position and the sound source 401A is inside the cavity-like structure 402, or may mean that at least one of the listening position and the sound source 401A is at the inner edge of the cavity-like structure 402.
  • the listening position may be equivalent to the entrance of the ear canal, or may be an acoustic reference point of the ear, such as an ear reference point (ERP), an ear-drum reference point (DRP), etc., or may be an entrance structure leading to the listener, etc.
  • the sound source 401B is located outside the cavity-like structure 402, and the sound sources 401A and 401B with opposite phases radiate sound to the surrounding space respectively and cause interference and destructive phenomenon of sound waves, so as to achieve the effect of leakage and destructive effect.
  • the sound source 401A is wrapped by the cavity-like structure 402, most of the sound radiated by it will reach the listening position by direct or reflected means.
  • the setting of the cavity structure significantly improves the volume of the sound reaching the listening position.
  • the anti-phase sound radiated by the anti-phase sound source 401B outside the cavity-like structure 402 will enter the cavity-like structure 402 through the leakage structure 403 of the cavity-like structure 402.
  • This is equivalent to generating a secondary sound source 401B' at the leakage structure 403, whose intensity is significantly smaller than that of the sound source 401B and also significantly smaller than that of the sound source 401A.
  • the sound generated by the secondary sound source 401B' has a weak anti-phase cancellation effect on the sound source 401A in the cavity, which significantly increases the listening volume at the listening position.
  • the sound source 401A radiates sound to the outside through the leakage structure 402 of the cavity, which is equivalent to generating a secondary sound source 401A' at the leakage structure 402. Since almost all the sound radiated by the sound source 401A is output from the leakage structure 403, and the scale of the cavity-like structure 402 is much smaller than the spatial scale of the evaluated sound leakage (at least one order of magnitude difference), it can be considered that the intensity of the secondary sound source 401A' is equivalent to that of the sound source 401A, and still maintains a considerable sound leakage reduction effect.
  • the outer wall surface of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 is usually a plane or a curved surface, while the contour of the user's concha is an uneven structure.
  • a cavity-like structure connected to the outside world is formed between the sound-emitting part 11 and the contour of the concha.
  • the sound outlet hole is arranged at a position where the shell of the sound-emitting part faces the opening of the user's ear canal and close to the edge of the concha
  • the pressure relief hole is arranged at a position where the sound-emitting part 11 is away from or far away from the opening of the ear canal, so as to construct the acoustic model shown in Figure 4, so that the user can improve the listening position at the ear opening when wearing headphones, and reduce the sound leakage effect in the far field.
  • the sound-generating part of the earphone may include a transducer and a shell for accommodating the transducer, wherein the transducer is an element that can receive an electrical signal and convert it into a sound signal for output.
  • the type of transducer may include a low-frequency (e.g., 30Hz to 150Hz) transducer, a medium-low frequency (e.g., 150Hz to 500Hz) transducer, a medium-high frequency (e.g., 500Hz to 5kHz) transducer, a high-frequency (e.g., 5kHz to 16kHz) transducer, or a full-frequency (e.g., 30Hz to 16kHz) transducer, or any combination thereof, by frequency.
  • a low-frequency e.g., 30Hz to 150Hz
  • a medium-low frequency e.g., 150Hz to 500Hz
  • a medium-high frequency e.g., 500Hz to 5kHz
  • a high-frequency e.g.,
  • the low frequency, high frequency, etc. mentioned here only represent the approximate range of frequency, and different division methods may be used in different application scenarios.
  • a crossover point may be determined, the low frequency represents the frequency range below the crossover point, and the high frequency represents the frequency above the crossover point.
  • the crossover point may be any value within the audible range of the human ear, for example, 500Hz, 600Hz, 700Hz, 800Hz, 1000Hz, etc.
  • the transducer may include a diaphragm.
  • a front cavity (not shown) for transmitting sound is provided at the front side of the diaphragm in the housing 120.
  • the front cavity is acoustically coupled to the sound outlet hole, and the sound at the front side of the diaphragm may be emitted from the sound outlet hole through the front cavity.
  • a rear cavity (not shown) for transmitting sound is provided at the rear side of the diaphragm in the housing 120.
  • the rear cavity is acoustically coupled to the pressure relief hole, and the sound at the rear side of the diaphragm may be emitted from the pressure relief hole through the rear cavity.
  • the ear hook may include a first portion 121 and a second portion 122 connected in sequence, wherein the first portion 121 may be hung between the auricle of the user and the head, and the second portion 122 may extend to the outside of the ear (the side of the ear away from the human head along the coronal axis) and connect to the sound-emitting portion, thereby fixing the sound-emitting portion near the user's ear canal but not blocking the ear canal opening.
  • a sound outlet may be provided on the side wall of the housing facing the auricle, thereby directing the sound generated by the transducer out of the housing and then transmitting it to the ear canal opening of the user.
  • the ear hook itself is elastic, and the relative position of the sound-emitting part 11 and the ear hook may be different in the wearing state and the non-wearing state.
  • the distance from the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear hook in the non-wearing state is smaller than the distance from the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear hook in the wearing state, so that the sound-emitting part 11 tends to move closer to the ear hook in the wearing state, forming a clamping force to clamp the auricle.
  • the earphone 10 can be projected onto a specific plane, and the earphone 10 can be described by parameters related to the projection shape on the plane.
  • the earphone 10 in the wearing state, can be projected onto the sagittal plane of the human body to form a corresponding projection shape.
  • a first plane similar to this can be selected with reference to the relative position relationship between the sagittal plane of the human body and the earphone 10, so that the projection shape formed by the projection of the earphone 10 on the first plane is close to the projection shape formed by the projection of the earphone 10 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the first plane when the user is not wearing the earphone 10, the first plane can be determined according to the shape of the ear hook.
  • the first plane can be determined in the following manner: the ear hook is placed on a flat support surface (such as a horizontal desktop, a ground plane, etc.), and when the ear hook is in contact with the support surface and placed stably, the support plane is the first plane corresponding to the earphone 10 at this time.
  • the first plane can also be the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the non-wearing state here can be represented by removing the auricle structure in the user's head model, and using a fixing piece or glue to fix the sound-emitting part 11 to the human head model in the same posture as in the wearing state.
  • the first plane can also refer to the plane formed by the bisector that bisects the ear hook along its length extension direction or approximately bisects it.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earphone in a non-wearing state according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG6 is a first projection formed by projecting the earphone in a non-wearing state on a first plane according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the first projection includes an outer contour, a first end contour, an inner contour, and a second end contour.
  • the first end contour may be a projection contour of the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the first plane, and the two endpoints P0 and P1 of the first end contour are projection points of the junction between the end FE and other parts of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the first plane.
  • the end FE please refer to the relevant description of Figure 3 of this specification.
  • the second end contour may be a projection contour of the free end BE of the suspension structure 12 on the first plane, and the two endpoints Q0 and Q1 of the second end contour are projection points of the junction between the free end BE and other parts of the suspension structure 12 on the first plane.
  • the outer contour may be a contour where the first projection is located between point P1 and point Q1.
  • the inner contour may be a contour where the first projection is located between point P0 and point Q0.
  • the free end BE of the suspension structure 12 may be at least a partial area of the end of the first part of the suspension structure 12 away from the second part.
  • the end of the first part of the suspension structure 12 away from the second part may be a structure with a regular or irregular shape.
  • an exemplary description is given to further illustrate the free end BE of the suspension structure 12. For example, when the end of the first part of the suspension structure 12 away from the second part is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, its end wall surface is a plane. At this time, the free end BE of the suspension structure 12 is the end side wall of the end of the first part of the suspension structure 12 away from the second part.
  • the free end BE of the suspension structure 12 may be an area obtained after extending a specific distance from the farthest position away from the second part to the second part in the extension direction of the first part of the suspension structure 12.
  • the ratio of the specific distance to the total extension distance of the first part of the suspension structure 12 may be in the range of 0.05 to 0.2.
  • the first end contour can be a straight line segment or a circular arc, and point P0 and point P1 respectively represent the two ends of the first end contour.
  • point P0 can be the intersection point of the arc formed by the projection of the end FE and the line segment of the projection of the upper side wall
  • point P1 can be the intersection point of the arc formed by the projection of the end FE and the line segment of the projection of the lower side wall.
  • the end of the ear hook away from the sound-emitting part 11 also has a free end, and the projection of the free end of the ear hook on the first plane forms a second end contour, the second end contour can be a straight line segment or a circular arc, and point Q0 and point Q1 respectively represent the two ends of the second end contour.
  • point Q0 and point Q1 can be the two end points of a line segment or an arc projected from the free end of the first part 121 of the ear hook in the direction away from the second part 122 of the ear hook on the first plane. Furthermore, in the long axis direction Y of the sound-emitting part 11, the end point close to the sound-emitting part 11 is point Q0, and the end point away from the sound-emitting part 11 is Q1.
  • the projection shape of the earphone 10 in the first plane and the sagittal plane of the human body can reflect the wearing method of the earphone 10 on the ear.
  • the area of the first projection can reflect the area of the auricle that the earphone 10 can cover when worn, as well as the contact method between the sound-emitting part 11 and the ear hook and the ear.
  • the inner contour, outer contour, first end contour, and second end contour in the first projection form a non-closed area.
  • the size of this area is closely related to the wearing effect of the earphone 10 (for example, wearing stability, sound-emitting position, etc.).
  • the tangent segment 50 connecting the first end contour and the second end contour can be determined, and the area enclosed by the first closed curve defined by the tangent segment 50, the outer contour, the first end contour, and the second end contour is taken as the area of the first projection (also referred to as the "first area").
  • the sound-emitting efficiency can be understood as the ratio of the listening volume at the ear canal opening to the sound leakage volume in the far field.
  • the position of the sound-emitting part 11B relative to the ear, the size of the sound-emitting part 11 can be set smaller to adapt to the size of the concha cavity.
  • the distance between the sound-emitting part 11 and the first part 121 of the ear hook should not be too far, so that by providing a suitable clamping force, it can be ensured that the earphone 10 is not completely supported only by the upper edge of the ear in the wearing state, thereby improving the wearing comfort.
  • the first area enclosed by the first closed curve can be set smaller in the non-wearing state. In some embodiments, the range of the first area enclosed by the first closed curve is not greater than 1500 mm 2 .
  • the ear hook is at least partially arranged to abut against the ear and/or the head in the wearing state, so as to form a force to press the ear, if the first area is too small, some people (such as people with larger auricles) may feel a foreign body sensation after wearing it.
  • the first area of the first closed curve is not less than 1000 mm2 ; at the same time, in some embodiments, considering that the relative position of the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's ear canal (such as the concha cavity) will affect the number of leakage structures of the cavity-like structure formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity and the opening size of the leakage structure, and the opening size of the leakage structure will directly affect the listening quality, which is specifically manifested in that if the first area is too small, the sound-emitting part 11 may not abut against the edge of the concha cavity, resulting in an increase in the sound components directly radiated outward by the sound-emitting part 11, and a decrease in the sound reaching the listening position, thereby reducing the sound efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the first area of the first closed curve may be between 1000 mm2 and 1500 mm2.
  • the range of the first area of the first closed curve is not less than 1150 mm 2 .
  • the range of the first area of the first closed curve is not greater than 1350 mm 2 . Therefore, in some embodiments, the range of the first area of the first closed curve can be between 1150 mm 2 and 1350 mm 2 to ensure the sound efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 and the comfort of the user wearing the earphone 10.
  • the appropriate first area can ensure the listening volume of the earphone 10 at the listening position (for example, at the ear canal opening), especially the listening volume of the mid-low frequency, while maintaining a good far-field sound leakage cancellation effect.
  • the relative size between the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane and the first area can be set.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane and the first area can be made smaller when the earphone 10 is not worn, so as to ensure that the user does not block the user's ear canal when wearing the earphone 10, and also reduce the user's load when wearing it, so as to facilitate the user to obtain ambient sound or daily communication during daily wear.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane can be made not more than half of the first area (that is, the ratio is not greater than 0.5).
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the first area can be between 0.22 and 0.43. Further, the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the first area can be between 0.25 and 0.4, thereby reducing the user's wearing feeling.
  • the overall size of the sound-emitting part 11 should not be too large or too small. For example, if the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 is too small, the sound-emitting part 11 cannot fully cover the concha cavity, and the gap between the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity is large, resulting in a low listening volume at the user's ear canal opening.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 may cover the user's ear canal opening, making it impossible for the ear canal opening to remain open, affecting the user's acquisition of sounds in the external environment.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 may be between 202 mm 2 and 560 mm 2 .
  • the first area may be in the range of 1000 mm 2 to 1500 mm 2. Further, in order to enable the sound-emitting portion 11 to produce a better listening effect, the first area may be in the range of 1150 mm 2 to 1350 mm 2 , the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 11 may be in the range of 330 mm 2 to 440 mm 2 , and the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the first plane to the first area may be in the range of 0.25 to 0.4.
  • the inner contour, the first end contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment 50 connecting the first end contour and the second end contour jointly define a third closed curve.
  • the area enclosed by the third closed curve can be used as the area of the third projection (also referred to as the "third area").
  • the third closed curve can reflect the degree of fit between the sound-emitting portion 11 and the ear hook and the ear when the earphone 10 is worn.
  • the relative position of the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's ear canal (e.g., the concha cavity) will affect the number of leakage structures of the cavity-like structure formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity and the size of the opening of the leakage structure, and the size of the opening of the leakage structure will directly affect the listening quality, specifically, when the third area is too large, the sound-emitting part 11 may not be able to abut the edge of the concha cavity, resulting in an increase in the sound components directly radiated outward by the sound-emitting part 11, and a decrease in the sound reaching the listening position, thereby reducing the sound efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the third area should not be too large, so the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the range of the third area of the third closed curve is not less than 0.6.
  • a too small third area will cause the clamping force of the ear hook and the sound-emitting part 11 on the user's auricle to be too large, so in some embodiments, the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the range of the third area of the third closed curve is not greater than 1.12.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the range of the third area of the third closed curve is between 0.6 and 1.12. Furthermore, an excessively large third area may reduce the clamping effect between the ear hook and the sound-emitting part 11. At this time, the weight of the earphone 10 is supported by the upper edge of the user's ear, resulting in an increased foreign body sensation. In order to ensure the comfort of the user's wearing and avoid the excessively small third area affecting the sound-emitting part 11 from extending into the concha cavity, the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the range of the third area is between 0.67 and 1.06.
  • the third area may be in the range of 200 mm 2 to 600 mm 2. Furthermore, to ensure the listening volume of the earphone 10 at the listening position (e.g., at the opening of the ear canal) and to improve the wearing comfort of the user, the third area is in the range of 300 mm 2 to 500 mm 2 .
  • the difference between the first area and the third area is equal to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane (i.e., the sum of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane and the projection area of the ear hook on the first plane).
  • the size of the transducer or increase the input power (or input voltage) of the battery to the transducer, and increasing the size of the transducer will lead to an increase in the size of the sound-emitting part 11, and under the premise of not affecting the battery life of the earphone 10, increasing the input power of the battery to the transducer will lead to an increase in the area of the battery compartment.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 since the sound-emitting part 11 is at least partially inserted into the concha cavity in the wearing mode, the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 can be improved, so the sound-emitting part 11 can be in a smaller volume (i.e., the earphone 10 has a smaller volume), ensuring that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide a higher listening volume at the listening position.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane is not greater than 0.65.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 should not be too small.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane is not less than 0.28.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane is between 0.28 and 0.65.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane is between 0.35 and 0.59.
  • the difference between the first area and the third area is equal to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane is between 0.28 and 0.65, and the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane ranges from 500 mm 2 to 1180 mm 2.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane is between 0.35 and 0.59, and the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane ranges from 650 mm 2 to 970 mm 2 .
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the morphological difference between the earphone 10 in the wearing state and the non-wearing state according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the dotted area represents the first part of the ear hook in the wearing state, which is farther from the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 than the first part of the ear hook in the non-wearing state.
  • the ear hook and the sound-emitting part 11 form a second projection on the sagittal plane of the human body, similar to the first projection shown in FIG5 , and the second projection also includes an outer contour, a first end contour, an inner contour, and a second end contour, and the outer contour, the first end contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment connecting the first end contour and the second end contour jointly define a second closed curve.
  • the projection shape formed by the projection of the earphone 10 on the first plane is close to the projection shape formed by the projection of the earphone 10 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the contour boundary points as shown in FIG5 i.e., point P0, point P1, point Q0, and point Q1
  • the definitions of the outer contour, the first end contour, the inner contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment in the second projection are similar to those of the first contour, and are not repeated here.
  • the area enclosed by the second closed curve is regarded as the area of the second projection (also referred to as the “second area”).
  • the second area can reflect the fit between the earphone 10 and the ear of the user when the earphone 10 is worn.
  • the second area of the second closed curve can be obtained by simulating the shape of the earphone 10 in the wearing state.
  • the relative positions of the various parts of the earphone 10 can be fixed in the wearing state to ensure that the relative positions of the various parts of the earphone do not change after the earphone parts are removed from the ear (or the ear model is removed), thereby obtaining the shape of the earphone in the wearing state.
  • the second area can be determined based on the projection of the earphone in this shape on the first plane.
  • the second area enclosed by the second closed curve is larger than the first area enclosed by the first closed curve.
  • the difference between the second area and the first area should be within a certain range.
  • the second area may be 20 mm 2 to 500 mm 2 larger than the first area.
  • the second area may be 50 mm 2 to 400 mm 2 larger than the first area.
  • the second area may be 60 mm 2 to 100 mm 2 larger than the first area.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the second area of the second closed curve is slightly smaller than the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the first area of the first closed curve.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the second area is in the range of 0.18 to 0.42.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the second area of the second closed curve is between 0.2 and 0.35.
  • an appropriate second area can ensure the listening volume of the earphone 10 at the listening position (e.g., at the ear canal opening), especially the listening volume of the mid-low frequency, while maintaining a good far-field sound leakage cancellation effect.
  • the second area ranges from 1100 mm 2 to 1700 mm 2. Further, considering the ratio range of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 to the second area, the second area can range from 1300 mm 2 to 1650 mm 2 , so as to take into account both the listening quality and the sound leakage reduction effect.
  • the inner contour, the first end contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment 50 connecting the first end contour and the second end contour jointly define a fourth closed curve. Similar to the third area, in some embodiments, the area enclosed by the fourth closed curve can be used as the area of the fourth projection (also referred to as the "fourth area"). The difference between the fourth closed curve and the third closed curve can reflect the degree of fit between the sound-emitting portion 11 and the ear hook and the ear when the earphone 10 is worn.
  • the distance between the ear hook and the sound-emitting part 11 increases in the wearing state, so the fourth area formed by the earphone 10 in the wearing state is greater than the third area formed in the non-wearing state.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 when the fourth area is too large, the sound-emitting part 11 may not be able to abut the edge of the concha cavity, resulting in an increase in the sound components directly radiated outward by the sound-emitting part 11, and a decrease in the sound reaching the listening position, which in turn leads to a decrease in the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11; and a too small fourth area will cause the clamping force of the ear hook and the sound-emitting part 11 on the user's auricle to be too large. Therefore, in some embodiments, the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the fourth area of the fourth closed curve is between 0.46 and 0.77.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 to the fourth area is between 0.51 and 0.72.
  • the fourth area of the fourth closed curve is in the range of 350 mm 2 to 900 mm 2. Furthermore, an excessively large fourth area may reduce the clamping effect between the ear hook and the sound-emitting portion 11. At this time, the weight of the earphone 10 is supported by the upper edge of the user's ear, resulting in an increased wearing feeling.
  • the fourth area is in the range of 450 mm 2 to 750 mm 2 .
  • the wearing effect of the earphone 10 can be effectively improved. Since the ear shapes and sizes of different users may be different, this specification will take the average range of the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body as a reference, and the average range is in the range of 1300mm 2 to 1700mm 2.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.15 and 0.35.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is within the aforementioned range, which can ensure good sound efficiency and listening effect of the sound-emitting part 11. It should be noted that, for some users, due to individual differences among users, the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be less than 1300 mm 2 or greater than 1700 mm 2 .
  • the ratio of the first area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be greater than 0.33 or less than 0.15.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the first plane to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.1 and 0.38.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 when the user wears the earphone 10, at least part of the sound-emitting part 11 thereof can extend into the user's concha cavity, forming the acoustic model shown in FIG. 4 . Since the sound-emitting part 11 cannot be closely fitted with the concha cavity, a gap is formed, which corresponds to the leakage structure 403 shown in FIG. 4 . That is, when the earphone 10 is in the wearing state, when part or the entire structure of the sound-emitting part 11 extends into the concha cavity, the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body have an overlapping area.
  • the ratio of the overlapping area will affect the size of the opening area of the leakage structure 403 of the cavity-like structure 402 in the acoustic model shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the overlapping ratio between the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity is relatively large, the sound-emitting part 11 can cover a larger part of the concha cavity.
  • the size of the gap between the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity is small, that is, the opening area of the leakage structure 403 of the cavity-like structure 402 is small.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a cavity-like structure according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG10 is a graph of a listening index of a cavity-like structure with leakage structures of different sizes according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the opening area of the leakage structure on the cavity-like structure is S
  • the area of the cavity-like structure directly affected by the contained sound source (“+” shown in FIG9 ) is S 0 .
  • “Direct action” here means that the sound emitted by the contained sound source directly acts on the wall of the cavity-like structure without passing through the leakage structure.
  • the distance between the two sound sources is d 0
  • the distance from the center of the opening shape of the leakage structure to the other sound source (“-” shown in FIG9 ) is L.
  • the listening index may refer to the sound pressure level intensity measured at the listening position. This is because the larger the relative opening, the more sound components directly radiated outward by the contained sound source, and the less sound reaching the listening position, causing the listening volume to decrease as the relative opening increases, thereby causing the listening index to decrease. It can be inferred that the larger the opening, the smaller the listening volume at the listening position.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be controlled within a specific range to control the size of the opening.
  • the overlap ratio can be understood as the ratio of the overlap area of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body to the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary frequency response curve corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the abscissa represents the frequency (unit: Hz)
  • the ordinate represents the frequency response at the ear canal opening corresponding to different overlapping ratios (unit: dB).
  • the listening volume at the user's ear canal opening is significantly improved compared to when the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane do not have an overlapping area (the overlapping ratio is 0%), especially in the mid-low frequency band.
  • the overlapping ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be not less than 9.26%.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha on the human body sagittal plane continues to increase, the listening volume of the user at the ear canal opening is also improved.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha on the human body sagittal plane is increased from 36.58% to 44.01%, the listening effect is significantly improved.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha on the human body sagittal plane is not less than 44.01%.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha on the human body sagittal plane is not less than 57.89%.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the overlapping ratio of the projected area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projected area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body in the embodiment of this specification is measured by changing the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, translating along the sagittal axis or the vertical axis) when the wearing angle of the sound-emitting part 11 (the angle between the upper side wall or the lower side wall and the horizontal direction) and the size of the sound-emitting part 11 are constant.
  • the earphone 10 provided in the embodiment of this specification, by extending at least part of the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity, and controlling the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane to be not less than 44.01%, can make the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity cooperate well to form the acoustic model shown in FIG. 4, thereby improving the listening volume of the earphone 10 at the listening position (for example, at the ear canal opening), especially the listening volume of the medium and low frequencies.
  • the size of the transducer or battery can be appropriately reduced, and then the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane can be reduced.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be not less than 44.01%, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane is between 0.8 and 1.1.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be made not less than 57.89%, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane is between 0.85 and 1.03. It should be noted that the ratio is based on the mean range of the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane as a reference, and the mean range is in the range of 1300mm2 to 1700mm2.
  • the projection area of their auricle on the human body sagittal plane may be less than 1300mm2 or greater than 1700mm2.
  • the ratio of the first area to the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane may be greater than 1.1 or less than 0.8.
  • the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane is between 0.65 and 1.3.
  • the overlap ratio between the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body should not be too large.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 extending into the concha cavity is too small, resulting in a small fitting area between the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity, and the concha cavity cannot be used to provide sufficient support and limit for the sound-emitting part 11, resulting in the problem of unstable wearing and easy to fall off.
  • the size of the gap formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity is too large, which affects the listening volume of the user's ear canal opening.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 44.01% to 77.88%, so that when the part or the whole structure of the sound-emitting part 11 extends into the concha cavity, the force of the concha cavity on the sound-emitting part 11 can be used to support and limit the sound-emitting part 11 to a certain extent, thereby improving its wearing stability and comfort.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can also form an acoustic model shown in FIG. 4 with the concha cavity to ensure the listening volume of the user at the listening position (for example, the ear canal opening) and reduce the leakage volume of the far field.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 46% to 71.94%.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 57.89% to 62%, so that the gap size in the cavity-like structure formed between the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity is more conducive to improving the listening volume.
  • the ratio of the overlapping area of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane can reflect the degree of extension of the sound-emitting part 11 as a whole relative to the concha cavity, thereby affecting the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the overlapping ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be 46% to 71.94%, and the overlapping area of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane is not less than 40.4%.
  • the overlapping ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the user's cavum concha on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 57.89% to 62%, and the overlapping area of the projection of the sound-emitting part on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the cavum concha on the sagittal plane of the human body to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body is not less than 42.16%, so that the sound-emitting part 11 extends to the appropriate position in the cavum concha, thereby ensuring the listening effect.
  • 12A to 12C are schematic diagrams of different exemplary matching positions of the earphone 10 and the user's ear canal according to this specification.
  • the size of the gap formed between the sound-producing part 11 and the edge of the concha cavity is also related to the distance of the end FE of the sound-producing part 11 relative to the edge of the concha cavity.
  • the distance of the end FE of the sound-producing part 11 relative to the edge of the concha cavity can be characterized by the distance between the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-producing part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane.
  • the concha cavity refers to the concave area below the crus of the helix, that is, the edge of the concha cavity is at least composed of the side wall below the crus of the ear, the contour of the tragus, the intertragus notch, the antitragus cusp, the tragus notch, and the contour of the antihelix body corresponding to the concha cavity.
  • the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is the contour of the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane.
  • one end of the sound-emitting part 11 is connected to the suspension structure 12 (the second part 122 of the ear hook), and when the user wears it, part or the entire structure of the sound-emitting part 11 extends into the concha cavity, and the position of the end FE (free end) of the sound-emitting part 11 relative to the edge of the concha cavity will affect the overlap ratio between the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body, thereby affecting the size of the gap formed between the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity, and further affecting the listening volume at the user's ear canal opening.
  • the distance between the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection distance of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can reflect the position of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 relative to the concha cavity and the degree to which the sound-emitting part 11 covers the user's concha cavity.
  • the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be selected by the following exemplary method: two points of the projection of the terminal FE on the sagittal plane of the human body along its short axis with the largest distance can be selected to make a line segment, and the midpoint of the line segment can be selected as the perpendicular bisector, and the point where the perpendicular bisector intersects with the projection is the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the tangent point of the tangent line parallel to the short axis direction Z on its projection can also be selected as the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 is located in the concha cavity 102, that is, the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the human body sagittal plane does not overlap with the projection of the edge of the concha cavity 102 on the human body sagittal plane.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 of the earphone 10 extends into the concha cavity 102, and the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 abuts against the edge of the concha cavity 102, that is, the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the human body sagittal plane overlaps with the projection of the edge of the concha cavity 102 on the human body sagittal plane.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 of the earphone 10 covers the concha cavity, and the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 is located between the edge of the concha cavity 102 and the inner contour 1014 of the auricle.
  • the edge of the cavum concha 102 cannot limit the sound-emitting part 11, and it is easy to fall off.
  • the increase in the size of the sound-emitting part 11 will increase its own weight, affecting the user's wearing comfort and the convenience of carrying it.
  • the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be selected by the following exemplary method, and the starting point and the terminal point of the projection of the terminal FE on the sagittal plane of the human body can be selected to make a line segment, and the midpoint on the line segment can be selected to make a perpendicular midline, and the point where the perpendicular midline intersects with the projection is the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the tangent point of the tangent line parallel to the short axis direction Z on its projection can also be selected as the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the horizontal axis represents frequency (unit: Hz)
  • the vertical axis represents sound pressure level at the ear canal opening at different frequencies (unit: dB)
  • the frequency response curve 1201 is a frequency response curve when the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is 0 mm (for example, in the wearing state, the end of the sound-emitting part 11 is against the edge of the concha cavity)
  • the frequency response curve 1202 is a frequency response curve when the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is 4.77 mm
  • the frequency response curve 1203 is a frequency response curve when the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human body sagit
  • the frequency response curve 1204 is the frequency response curve when the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane and the edge of the concha cavity is 10.48 mm
  • the frequency response curve 1205 is the frequency response curve when the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane and the edge of the concha cavity is 15.3 mm
  • the frequency response curve 1206 is the frequency response curve when the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane and the edge of the concha cavity is 19.24 mm.
  • the sound pressure level of the sound measured at the opening of the ear canal is relatively small.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane is not greater than 16 mm. Further, the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane is not greater than 13 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane can be 0mm to 10.92mm.
  • the gap size in the cavity-like structure formed between the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity is more conducive to improving the listening volume.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane can be 0mm to 15.3mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane can be 0mm to 10.48mm. Further, the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane can be 0mm to 7.25mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha on the human sagittal plane can be 0mm to 4.77mm.
  • the end of the sound-emitting part 11 can be against the edge of the cavum concha, which can be understood as the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane overlaps with the projection of the edge of the cavum concha on the human sagittal plane (for example, the position of the sound-emitting part 11 relative to the cavum concha shown in FIG.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can have a better frequency response, and at this time, the end of the sound-emitting part 11 is against the edge of the cavum concha, which can support and limit the sound-emitting part 11, thereby improving the stability of the user wearing the earphone 10.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha 102 on the human sagittal plane may refer to the minimum distance from the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane to the projection of the edge of the cavum concha 102 on the human sagittal plane.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha 102 on the human sagittal plane may also refer to the distance along the sagittal axis.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha on the human sagittal plane involved in FIG. 13 is measured in the scene where the end of the sound-emitting part 11 extends into the cavum concha.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane may be greater than 0 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane may be 2 mm to 16 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human sagittal plane may be 4 mm to 10.48 mm, so that the size of the gap in the cavity-like structure formed between the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's concha cavity is more conducive to improving the listening volume.
  • the concha cavity 102 is a concave structure, and the side wall corresponding to the concha cavity 102 is not a flat wall surface, and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is an irregular two-dimensional shape.
  • the projection of the side wall corresponding to the concha cavity 102 on the human body sagittal plane may be on the outline of the shape, or may be outside the outline of the shape. Therefore, the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity 102 on the human body sagittal plane may not overlap.
  • the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 11 on the human body sagittal plane may be inside or outside the projection of the edge of the concha cavity 102 on the human body sagittal plane.
  • the distance between the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 11 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity 102 on the human body sagittal plane can be regarded as the end FE of the sound-generating part 11 abutting against the edge of the concha cavity 102 within a specific range (for example, not more than 6 mm).
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity is within a suitable range, and a higher sound-emitting efficiency can be obtained.
  • the size of the transducer or battery can be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body can be reduced.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body is not greater than 16 mm, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.8 and 1.1.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0 mm and 15.3 mm, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.76 and 1.05, so as to reduce the sound leakage to the outside of the cavity-like structure formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's ear, so that more sound enters the ear canal to ensure the listening effect.
  • the frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body measured in the embodiments of this specification are measured by changing the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, translating along the sagittal axis) when the wearing angle of the sound-emitting part 11 (the angle between the upper side wall or the lower side wall and the horizontal direction), and the dimensions in the long axis direction, the short axis direction and the thickness direction are constant.
  • a rectangular area shown in a solid-line frame P can be delineated around the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 shown in FIG7 , and the centroid O of the rectangular area shown in the solid-line frame P can be approximately regarded as the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the above description of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and its centroid is only an example, and the shape of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 is related to the shape of the sound-emitting part 11 or the wearing condition of the sound-emitting part 11 relative to the ear.
  • the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body may at least partially overlap.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can reflect the relative positional relationship between the sound-emitting part 11 and the ear canal opening and the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • This overlap ratio will affect the number of leakage structures of the cavity-like structure formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's ear and the size of the opening of the leakage structure, and the size of the opening of the leakage structure will directly affect the listening quality, which is specifically manifested in that the larger the opening of the leakage structure, the more sound components directly radiated outward from the sound-emitting part 11, and the less sound reaching the listening position.
  • Fig. 14A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary frequency response curve corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • Fig. 14B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary frequency response curve corresponding to different distances between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the horizontal axis is the overlapping ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body
  • the vertical axis is the sound pressure level of the sound at the ear canal opening corresponding to different overlapping ratios.
  • Straight line 1301 represents the linear relationship between the overlapping ratio of the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • straight line 1322 represents the linear relationship between the overlapping ratio of the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • straight line 1303 represents the linear relationship between the overlapping ratio of the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the hollow circular points in Figure 14A represent the test data corresponding to the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • the circular points with lighter grayscale values in Figure 14A represent the test data corresponding to the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • the black circular points in Figure 14A represent the test data corresponding to the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the overlap ratio between the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is approximately positively correlated with the sound pressure level at the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound of a specific frequency for example, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz measured at the ear canal opening is significantly improved relative to when the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane do not overlap (the overlap ratio is 0).
  • the overlap ratio between the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be made between 44.01% and 80%.
  • the overlap ratio is 22% or 32%, the sound pressure level of the sound at the ear canal opening is relatively large, but the structure of the sound-emitting part 11 extending into the concha cavity is limited, and the edge of the concha cavity cannot support and limit the end of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 45% and 71.49%, so as to take into account the connectivity between the ear canal opening and the external environment and the listening effect.
  • the horizontal axis is the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane
  • the vertical axis is the sound pressure level of the sound at the ear canal opening corresponding to different distances.
  • Line 1304 represents the linear relationship between the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • Line 1305 represents the linear relationship between the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • Line 1306 represents the linear relationship between the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the hollow circular points in Figure 14B represent the test data corresponding to different distances between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • the black circular points in Figure 14B represent the test data corresponding to different distances between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • the circular points with lighter grayscale values in Figure 14B represent the test data corresponding to different distances between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body is too small, the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 11 and the projection area of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body is too large, and the sound-emitting part 11 may cover the user's ear canal opening, affecting the user's acquisition of sound information in the external environment.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body should not be too large.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 3 mm to 15 mm.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 4 mm to 13 mm. Furthermore, the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 and the centroid P of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 8 mm to 10 mm to ensure the listening volume at the user's ear canal.
  • the distance between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human sagittal plane is within a suitable range, and a higher sound-emitting efficiency can be obtained.
  • the size of the transducer or battery can be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human sagittal plane can be reduced.
  • the distance between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the human sagittal plane and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human sagittal plane is between 4 mm and 13 mm, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human sagittal plane is between 0.88 and 1.2.
  • the distance between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body is in the range of 8 mm to 12 mm
  • the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is in the range of 0.8 to 1.1, so as to reduce the sound leakage to the outside of the cavity-like structure formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's ear, so that more sound enters the ear canal to ensure the listening effect.
  • the frequency response curves corresponding to different overlapping ratios and the frequency response curves corresponding to the centroid of the first projection and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body measured in the embodiments of this specification are measured by changing the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, translating along the sagittal axis) when the wearing angle of the sound-emitting part 11 (the angle between the upper side wall or the lower side wall and the horizontal direction), and the dimensions in the long axis direction, the short axis direction and the thickness direction are constant.
  • the positional relationship between the sound-producing part 11 and the auricle, the concha cavity or the ear canal opening involved in the embodiments of the present specification can be determined by the following exemplary method: first, at a specific position, a photograph of a human head model with an ear is taken in the direction opposite to the sagittal plane, and the edge of the concha cavity, the outline of the ear canal opening and the auricle outline (for example, the inner outline and the outer outline) are marked.
  • These marked outlines can be regarded as the projection outlines of various structures of the ear on the sagittal plane of the human body; then, at the specific position, a photograph of the earphone 10 is taken on the human head model at the same angle, and the outline of the sound-producing part 11 is marked.
  • the outline can be regarded as the projection of the sound-producing part 11 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the positional relationship between the sound-producing part 11 for example, the centroid, the end, etc.
  • the edge of the concha cavity, the ear canal opening, the inner outline or the outer outline can be determined by comparative analysis.
  • the aforementioned Figures 1 to 14B and the corresponding contents of the specification are about the situation where the sound-emitting part is wholly or partially extended into the concha cavity when the earphone is worn.
  • the sound-emitting part may not be extended into the concha cavity.
  • at least part of the sound-emitting part 1201 shown in Figure 15 covers the antihelix area.
  • the sound-emitting part 1201 may be suspended relative to the concha cavity.
  • the earphone 1200 shown in Figure 15 is taken as an example to explain the earphone 1200 in detail.
  • the structure of the earphone 1200 of Figure 15 and its corresponding parameters can also be applied to the earphone mentioned above in which the sound-emitting part is extended into the concha cavity.
  • the output effect of the earphone 1200 can be improved, that is, the sound intensity at the near-field listening position is increased, while the volume of far-field sound leakage is reduced.
  • one or more sound outlet holes can be set on the side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 1201 close to or facing the user's ear canal, and one or more pressure relief holes are set on the other side walls of the shell of the sound-emitting part 1201 (for example, the side walls away from or away from the user's ear canal).
  • the sound outlet hole is acoustically coupled with the front cavity of the earphone 1200
  • the pressure relief hole is acoustically coupled with the back cavity of the earphone 1200.
  • the sound output by the sound outlet hole and the sound output by the pressure relief hole can be approximately regarded as two sound sources, and the sound of the two sound sources is equal in magnitude and opposite in phase.
  • the sound emitted by the sound outlet can be directly transmitted to the user's ear canal without hindrance, while the sound emitted by the pressure relief hole needs to bypass the shell of the sound-emitting part 1201 or pass through the sound-emitting part 1201 to form an acoustic model similar to that shown in FIG16.
  • the sound field of the point sound source A2 needs to bypass the baffle to interfere with the sound wave of the point sound source A1 at the listening position, which is equivalent to increasing the sound path from the point sound source A2 to the listening position.
  • the amplitude difference between the sound waves of the point sound source A1 and the point sound source A2 at the listening position increases compared to the case where no baffle is provided, thereby reducing the degree of cancellation of the two-way sound at the listening position, thereby increasing the volume at the listening position.
  • the sound waves generated by the point sound source A1 and the point sound source A2 can interfere in a larger spatial range without bypassing the baffle (similar to the case without a baffle), the sound leakage in the far field will not increase significantly compared to the case without a baffle. Therefore, by setting a baffle structure around one of the sound sources of the point sound source A1 and the point sound source A2, the volume at the near-field listening position can be significantly increased without significantly increasing the volume of the far-field sound leakage.
  • the ear hook 1202 and the sound-emitting part 1201 form a fifth projection on the first plane
  • the fifth projection includes an outer contour, a first end contour, an inner contour, and a second end contour.
  • the first end contour in the fifth projection can be the projection contour of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane
  • the two end points P0 and P1 of the first end contour are the projection points of the intersection position of the end FE and the other parts of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane.
  • the second end contour can be the projection contour of the free end BE of the suspension structure 1202 on the first plane, and the two end points Q0 and Q1 of the second end contour are the projection points of the intersection position of the free end BE and the other parts of the suspension structure 12 on the first plane.
  • the outer contour can be the contour of the first projection between point P1 and point Q1.
  • the inner contour can be the contour of the fifth projection between point P0 and point Q0.
  • the first end contour can be a straight line segment or an arc, and point P0 and point P1 respectively represent the two ends of the first end contour.
  • point P0 can be the intersection point of the arc formed by the projection of the free end of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the line segment of the upper side wall projection
  • point P1 can be the intersection point of the arc formed by the projection of the free end of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the line segment of the lower side wall projection
  • the end of the ear hook 1202 away from the sound-emitting part 1201 also has a free end
  • the projection of the free end of the ear hook 1202 on the first plane forms a second end contour
  • the second end contour can be a straight line segment or an arc
  • point Q0 and point Q1 respectively represent the two ends of the second end contour.
  • point Q0 and point Q1 can be the two endpoints of a line segment or an arc projected from the free end of the first part of the ear hook 1202 on the first plane in a direction away from the second part of the ear hook. Furthermore, in the long axis direction Y of the sound-emitting part 1201, the endpoint close to the sound-emitting part 1201 is point Q0, and the endpoint away from the sound-emitting part 1201 is Q1.
  • the projection shape of the earphone 1200 on the first plane and the sagittal plane of the human body can reflect the wearing method of the earphone 1200 on the ear.
  • the area of the first projection can reflect the area of the auricle that the earphone 1200 can cover when worn, and the contact method between the sound-emitting part 1201 and the ear hook 1202 and the ear.
  • the inner contour, the outer contour, the first end contour, and the second end contour in the first projection form a non-closed area.
  • the size of this area is closely related to the wearing effect of the earphone 1200 (for example, the stability of wearing, the sound-emitting position, etc.).
  • the tangent segment 1250 connecting the first end contour and the second end contour can be determined, and the area enclosed by the fifth closed curve defined by the tangent segment 1250, the outer contour, the first end contour, and the second end contour is used as the area of the fifth projection (also referred to as the "fifth area").
  • the earphone 1200 is different from the earphone 10 shown in FIG. 5 in that the sound-emitting portion 1201 of the earphone 1200 is located at the user's antihelix 105 when worn, so the range of the fifth area is smaller than the first area.
  • the fifth area may be 0.2 to 0.6 times the first area.
  • the fifth area may be 0.3 to 0.5 times the first area.
  • the fifth area of the fifth closed curve may be in the range of 250 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2.
  • the fifth area of the fifth closed curve is in the range of 400 mm 2 to 800 mm 2 .
  • the load on the user during wearing is also reduced, so that the user can obtain ambient sound or daily communication during daily wearing.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body to the fifth area is between 0.3 and 0.85. In some embodiments, the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body to the fifth area is between 0.4 and 0.75.
  • the angle between the sound-emitting portion 1201 and the human body's sagittal plane is slightly smaller than that in the wearing mode in which the sound-emitting portion 11 of the earphone shown in FIG3 at least partially extends into the cavum concha.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 1201 of the earphone shown in FIG15 on the human body's sagittal plane is slightly larger than that in the wearing mode in which the sound-emitting portion 11 at least partially extends into the cavum concha.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the human body's sagittal plane may be 236 mm 2 to 565 mm 2 .
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 250 mm 2 and 550 mm 2 when worn. In some embodiments, the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 320 mm 2 and 410 mm 2 .
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the first plane is slightly larger than the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 11 in the earphone 10 on the sagittal plane of the human body
  • the projection area of the earphone 1200 on the first plane is slightly larger than the projection area of the earphone 10 on the first plane.
  • the projection area of the earphone 1200 on the first plane ranges from 550 mm 2 to 1220 mm 2. Further, the projection area of the earphone 1200 on the first plane ranges from 650 mm 2 to 1050 mm 2 to ensure the comfort of wearing the earphone 1200.
  • the sound-emitting portion 1201 when the sound-emitting portion 1201 is worn in a manner that at least a portion of the sound-emitting portion 1201 covers the user's anti-ear helix, the sound-emitting portion 1201 can be smaller in size and can also provide a higher listening volume at the listening position.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 1200 on the first plane is between 0.33 and 0.69.
  • the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the first plane can be between 250 mm 2 and 550 mm 2 , and the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 1200 on the first plane is between 0.4 and 0.65.
  • the projection area of the sounding part 1201 on the first plane may be 320 mm 2 -410 mm 2 , and the ratio of the projection area of the sounding part 1201 on the first plane to the projection area of the earphone 1200 on the first plane is between 0.44 and 0.62, so as to improve the sounding efficiency of the sounding part.
  • the relative size between the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body can be designed to effectively improve the wearing effect of the headset.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.17 and 0.35. It should be noted that this ratio is based on the mean range of the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body as a reference, and the mean range is between 1300 mm2 and 1700 mm2 .
  • the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be less than 1300 mm2 or greater than 1700 mm2 .
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be greater than 0.35 or less than 0.17.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.12 and 0.39.
  • FIG. 17 shows the morphological difference between the earphone 1200 in the wearing state and the non-wearing state according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the dotted area represents the first part of the ear hook in the wearing state, which is farther from the free end of the sound-emitting part 1201 than the first part of the ear hook in the non-wearing state.
  • the ear hook 1202 and the sound-emitting part 1201 form a sixth projection on the sagittal plane of the human body, similar to the fifth projection shown in the figure, and the sixth projection also includes an outer contour, a first end contour, an inner contour, and a second end contour, and the outer contour, the first end contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment 1250 connecting the first end contour and the second end contour jointly define a second closed curve.
  • the projection shape formed by the earphone 1200 projected on the first plane is close to the projection shape formed by the earphone 1200 projected on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the contour boundary points in the non-wearing state namely point P0, point P1, point Q0, and point Q1
  • the definitions of the outer contour, the first end contour, the inner contour, the second end contour, and the tangent segment 1250 in the sixth projection are similar to those of the fifth contour and are not repeated here.
  • the area enclosed by the sixth closed curve is regarded as the area of the sixth projection (also referred to as the "sixth area").
  • the sixth area can reflect the fit between the earphone 1200 and the user's ear when worn.
  • the ratio of the fifth area to the sixth area ranges from 0.6 to 0.98. In some embodiments, since the sound-emitting part 1201 and the ear hook 1202 do not need to be clamped on the auricle as shown in FIG. 5, the ratio of the fifth area to the sixth area ranges from 0.75 to 0.95.
  • an appropriate sixth area can ensure the listening volume of the earphone 1200 at the listening position (e.g., at the antihelix) while maintaining a good far-field sound leakage cancellation effect.
  • the sixth area ranges from 400 mm 2 to 1100 mm 2.
  • the sixth area ranges from 500 mm 2 to 900 mm 2 .
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the sixth area of the sixth closed curve is slightly smaller than the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the fifth area of the fifth closed curve, and the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the sixth area is between 0.35 and 0.75.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 to the sixth area is between 0.38 and 0.66.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary frequency response curve corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane in a wearing mode in which the sound-emitting part 1201 at least partially covers the anti-helix area as shown in some embodiments of this specification.
  • the horizontal axis represents the frequency (unit: Hz)
  • the vertical axis represents the sound pressure level (unit: dB) measured at the ear canal opening at different frequencies.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is larger, it means that the sound outlet of the sound-emitting part 1201 is usually closer to the ear canal opening. Therefore, even if the baffle effect of the antihelix area and the sound-emitting part 1201 is weakened, the listening volume at the ear canal opening can be improved.
  • the listening volume at the ear canal opening is significantly improved compared to when the overlap ratio is less than 11.82%, that is, the sound-emitting part 1201 can also produce a better frequency response when covering part of the concha cavity and the antihelix area at the same time.
  • the sound-emitting part 1201 in order to improve the listening effect of the user when wearing headphones, needs to satisfy the overlap ratio of the projection area on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane of not less than 11.82% while covering the antihelix. Further, in some embodiments, the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane can be not less than 31.83%.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is too large, the sound-emitting part 1201 will cover the ear canal opening, and the ear canal opening cannot be kept in a fully open state, affecting the user's acquisition of the sound in the external environment. More specifically, in some embodiments, the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane can be 11.82% to 62.50%.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane can be 31.83% to 50.07%. Further, the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane can be 35.55% to 45%.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the sagittal plane in the embodiments of this specification is measured by changing the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 1201 (for example, translating along the sagittal axis or vertical axis) when the wearing angle of the sound-emitting part 1201 (the angle between the upper side wall or the lower side wall and the horizontal direction, for example, the angle between the upper side wall and the horizontal direction is 0°) and the size of the sound-emitting part 1201 are constant.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the user's concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane increases to obtain higher sound-emitting efficiency.
  • the size of the transducer or battery can be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of the sixth area to the projection area of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane can be reduced.
  • the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the sixth area can be between 0.35 and 0.75. Further, in order to ensure the wearing comfort of the earphone 1200, the ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the first plane to the sixth area is between 0.35 and 0.62.
  • the ratio of the overlapping area of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane can reflect the position of the sound-emitting part 1201 relative to the concha cavity as a whole, and is further related to the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part 1201.
  • the ratio of the overlapping area of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane is not less than 10.6%.
  • the ratio of the overlapping area of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane is not less than 11.18%.
  • the ratio of the sixth area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.3 and 0.5, and the ratio of the overlapping area of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body to the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body is not less than 13.68%, so as to ensure that the sound-emitting part at least partially covers the listening effect in the antihelix wearing mode.
  • FIG. 19A to FIG. 19E are exemplary wearing diagrams of headphones according to other embodiments of the present specification.
  • the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the human sagittal plane may be located in the region between the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha 102 on the human sagittal plane, that is, the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the human sagittal plane is located between the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha 102 on the human sagittal plane.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may abut against the edge of the cavum concha 102, the fixed end of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may be located in front of the tragus, and at least part of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may cover the user's cavum concha 102. As shown in FIG. 19D , in some embodiments, the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may abut against the edge of the cavum concha 102, the fixed end of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may be located in front of the tragus, and at least part of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may cover the user's cavum concha 102. As shown in FIG.
  • the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be located within the projection area of the concha cavity 102 on the sagittal plane of the human body, and the projection of the fixed end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be located outside the projection area of the user's auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the upper side wall 111 or the lower side wall 112 of the sound-emitting part 1201 in the wearing state may also be inclined at a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 may be inclined relative to the fixed end of the sound-emitting part 1201 toward the area of the top of the auricle, and the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 may be against the inner contour 1014 of the auricle.
  • FIG. 19B in some embodiments, the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 may be inclined relative to the fixed end of the sound-emitting part 1201 toward the area of the top of the auricle, and the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 may be against the inner contour 1014 of the auricle.
  • the fixed end of the sound-emitting part 1201 may be inclined relative to the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 toward the area of the top of the auricle, and the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 may be located between the edge of the cavum concha 102 and the inner contour 1014 of the auricle, that is, the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane is located between the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha 102 on the human body sagittal plane.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the first projection and a point in a certain area of the boundary of the second projection is too large, there may be a gap between the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the inner contour 1014 of the auricle, and the sound emitted by the sound outlet and the sound emitted by the pressure relief hole will be acoustically short-circuited in the area between the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the inner contour 1014 of the auricle, resulting in a decrease in the listening volume at the user's ear canal opening, and the larger the area between the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the inner contour 1014 of the auricle, the more obvious the acoustic short-circuit phenomenon is.
  • the inner contour 1014 of the auricle may refer to the inner wall of the helix, and correspondingly, the outer contour of the auricle may refer to the outer wall of the helix.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be no more than 8 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be 0 mm to 6 mm. Furthermore, the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be 0 mm to 5.5 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane can be 0.
  • the distance is equal to 0, it means that the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 is against the inner contour 1014 of the auricle.
  • the sound-emitting part 1201 is against the inner contour 1014 of the auricle when worn, thereby improving the stability of the earphone when worn.
  • the area between the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the inner contour 1014 of the auricle can be minimized to reduce the acoustic short-circuit area around the sound-emitting part 1201, thereby increasing the listening volume at the user's ear canal opening.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be 2 mm to 10 mm. Furthermore, the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body may be 4 mm to 8 mm.
  • the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 refers to the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 away from the connection between the sound-emitting part 1201 and the ear hook.
  • the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body is a curve or a broken line
  • the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body can be selected by the following exemplary method.
  • the starting point and the terminal point of the projection of the terminal FE on the sagittal plane of the human body can be selected to make a line segment, and the midpoint on the line segment can be selected as the perpendicular midline.
  • the point where the perpendicular midline intersects with the projection is the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the tangent point of the tangent parallel to the short axis direction Z on its projection can also be selected as the midpoint of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the distance between the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 1201 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane may refer to the minimum distance between the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 1201 on the human sagittal plane and the projection area of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 1201 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane may refer to the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-generating part 1201 on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane on the sagittal axis.
  • the length of the baffle formed by the sound-emitting part 1201 and the antihelix area is related to the distance range between the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the midpoint C3 of the projection on the human sagittal plane and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human sagittal plane.
  • the shape of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may be a regular shape such as a cuboid, a quasi-cuboid (e.g., a runway shape), a cylinder, or other irregular shapes.
  • a regular shape such as a cuboid, a quasi-cuboid (e.g., a runway shape), a cylinder, or other irregular shapes.
  • the upper side wall 111 or the lower side wall 112 of the sound-emitting portion 1201 may be parallel or approximately parallel to the horizontal direction when worn.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body ranges from 0 mm to 18 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 0 mm to 11 mm; when the wearing method as shown in FIG.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 3 mm to 12 mm; when the wearing method as shown in FIG. 19E is adopted, the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the terminal FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 8 mm to 12 mm.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 when the earphone is in a worn state, the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 can rest against the inner contour 1014 of the auricle, and at the same time, the ear hook can fit against the back side of the user's ear, so that the sound-emitting part 1201 and the ear hook cooperate to clamp the user's ear from the front and back sides, increasing the resistance to prevent the earphone 10 from falling off the ear, thereby improving the wearing stability of the earphone 10.
  • the upper side wall 111 or the lower side wall 112 of the sound-emitting part 1201 may also be inclined at a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane. However, when the upper side wall 111 or the lower side wall 112 of the sound-emitting part 1201 is inclined at too large an angle relative to the horizontal plane, the sound-emitting part 1201 may extend out of the user's auricle, causing discomfort and instability in wearing.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the inner contour 1014 of the auricle on the human body sagittal plane is in the range of 0 mm to 15 mm.
  • the sound-emitting part 1201 of the earphone shown in FIG. 15 may not cover the antihelix area, such as the wearing position shown in FIG. 19E. At this time, the sound-emitting part 1201 does not extend into the concha cavity, but is suspended relative to the concha cavity of the user toward the side wall outside the ear of the user, that is, the sound-emitting part 1201 itself acts as a baffle.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body is positively correlated with the overlap ratio between the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • the position of the sound-emitting hole of the sound-emitting part 1201 relative to the ear canal opening is positively correlated with the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body.
  • Fig. 20 shows a schematic diagram of exemplary frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane.
  • curve 1801 is a frequency response curve corresponding to when the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is 0
  • curve 1802 is a frequency response curve corresponding to when the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is 3.72 mm
  • curve 1803 is a frequency response curve corresponding to when the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is 10.34 mm.
  • the frequency response when the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is 0 mm and 3.72 mm is better than the frequency response when it is 10.34 mm.
  • the distance between the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be no more than 10.34 mm.
  • the distance between the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be 0 mm to 7 mm. More further, the distance between the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be 0 mm to 5 mm. More further, the distance between the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane can be 0 mm to 3.72 mm.
  • the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha on the sagittal plane of the human body may be 2 mm to 7 mm. Furthermore, the distance between the midpoint C3 of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha on the sagittal plane of the human body may be 2 mm to 3.74 mm.
  • the frequency response curves corresponding to different distances between the midpoint of the projection of the end FE of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the projection of the edge of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body measured in the embodiment of this specification are measured by changing the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 1201 (for example, translating along the sagittal axis) when the wearing angle of the sound-emitting part 1201 (the angle between the upper side wall or the lower side wall and the horizontal direction, for example, the angle between the upper side wall and the horizontal direction is 0°), and the dimensions in the major axis direction, the minor axis direction and the thickness direction are constant.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha is within a suitable range, and a higher sound-emitting efficiency can be obtained.
  • the size of the transducer or battery can be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of the sixth area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body can be reduced.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha is not greater than 8 mm, and the ratio of the sixth area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.3 and 0.5.
  • the distance between the projection of the end of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the edge of the cavum concha can be 0 mm to 5.5 mm, and the ratio of the sixth area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is between 0.35 and 0.46, so as to ensure that the sound-emitting part at least partially covers the listening effect in the antihelix wearing mode.
  • the increase in the overlap ratio of the first projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane means that the sound outlet of the sound-emitting part 1201 will be closer to the ear canal opening, which can also improve the listening effect at the ear canal opening. Therefore, under the premise that the overall volume and wearing method of the sound-emitting part 1201 are certain, the distance between the centroid O of the first projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human body sagittal plane and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane also needs to be considered.
  • FIG21A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary frequency response curve corresponding to different overlapping ratios of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body in a wearing scenario when the sound-emitting part 1201 does not extend into the concha cavity as shown in other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG21B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary frequency response curve corresponding to different distances between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body in a wearing scenario when the sound-emitting part 1201 does not extend into the concha cavity as shown in other embodiments of the present specification.
  • the horizontal axis is the overlapping ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body
  • the vertical axis is the sound pressure level of the sound at the ear canal opening corresponding to different overlapping ratios.
  • Straight line 1601 represents the linear relationship between the overlapping ratio of the first projection area and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • straight line 1602 represents the linear relationship between the overlapping ratio of the first projection area and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • straight line 1603 represents the linear relationship between the overlapping ratio of the first projection area and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the hollow circular points in Figure 21A represent the test data corresponding to the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • the black circular points in Figure 21A represent the test data corresponding to the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • the circular points with lighter gray values in Figure 21A represent the test data corresponding to the area of the first projection and the projection area of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body at different overlapping ratios when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the overlap ratio of the first projection area and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the user's ear canal opening change approximately linearly.
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is greater than 10%, the sound of a specific frequency (for example, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz) measured at the ear canal opening is significantly improved compared to when the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane do not have an overlap ratio (the overlap ratio is 0).
  • the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is too large, it may affect the opening state of the ear canal opening, thereby affecting the user's acquisition of the sound in the external environment. Therefore, the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane should not be too large. For example, the overlap ratio of the projection area of the sound part 11 on the human body and the projection area of the concha cavity on the human body sagittal plane is not greater than 62%.
  • the overlap ratio between the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 10% and 60%. Further, the overlap ratio between the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 10% and 45%. More further, the overlap ratio between the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 11.82% and 40%.
  • the overlap ratio between the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 18% and 38%. Still further, the overlap ratio between the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane of the human body can be between 25% and 38%.
  • the horizontal axis is the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane
  • the vertical axis is the frequency response sound pressure level of the sound at the ear canal opening corresponding to different distances.
  • Line 1604 represents the linear relationship between the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening under an ideal condition at a frequency of 500 Hz;
  • Line 1605 represents the linear relationship between the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening at a frequency of 1 kHz;
  • Line 1606 represents the linear relationship between the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane and the sound pressure level at the ear canal opening at a frequency of 3 kHz.
  • the hollow circular points in Figure 21B represent the test data corresponding to different distances between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body when the frequency is 500 Hz;
  • the black circular points in Figure 21B represent the test data corresponding to different distances between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body when the frequency is 1 kHz;
  • the circular points with lighter grayscale values in Figure 21B represent the test data corresponding to different distances between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body when the frequency is 3 kHz.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane is approximately negatively correlated with the size of the sound pressure level at the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound pressure level of the sound of a specific frequency e.g., 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz
  • the sound pressure level of the sound of a specific frequency e.g., 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane is too small, the overlap ratio between the projection area of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the projection area of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane is too large, and the sound-emitting part 1201 may cover the user's ear canal opening, affecting the user's acquisition of sound information in the external environment.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human body sagittal plane should not be too large.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 3mm ⁇ 13mm.
  • the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 4mm ⁇ 10mm. Further, the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 4mm ⁇ 7mm. Further, the distance between the centroid O of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the centroid Q of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be 4mm ⁇ 6mm.
  • the distance between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human sagittal plane and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human sagittal plane is within a suitable range, and a higher sound-emitting efficiency can be obtained.
  • the size of the transducer or the battery can be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of the sixth area to the projection area of the auricle on the human sagittal plane can be reduced.
  • the distance between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the human sagittal plane and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the human sagittal plane can be between 4 mm and 7 mm, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the human sagittal plane is between 0.3 and 0.5.
  • the distance between the centroid of the projection of the sound-emitting part 1201 on the sagittal plane of the human body and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body can be in the range of 4 mm to 6 mm, and the ratio of the second area to the projection area of the auricle on the sagittal plane of the human body is in the range of 0.32 to 0.45.
  • a baffle is formed between at least part of the sound-emitting part 1201 and the antihelix area, which is more conducive to increasing the sound intensity at the ear canal and ensuring the listening effect.
  • the frequency response curves corresponding to different overlapping ratios and the frequency response curves corresponding to the centroid of the first projection and the centroid of the projection of the ear canal opening on the sagittal plane of the human body measured in the embodiments of this specification are measured by changing the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 1201 (for example, translating along the sagittal axis) when the wearing angle of the sound-emitting part 1201 (the angle between the upper side wall or the lower side wall and the horizontal direction, for example, the angle between the upper side wall and the horizontal direction is 0°), and the dimensions in the long axis direction, the short axis direction and the thickness direction are constant.

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Abstract

本说明书涉及声学技术领域，特别涉及一种耳机，其包括：发声部，发声部至少部分插入耳甲腔；耳挂，耳挂挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，且向耳廓背离头部的一侧延伸并连接发声部，将发声部佩戴于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置；其中，在非佩戴状态下，耳挂和发声部在第一平面形成第一投影，第一投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且第一投影的外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓以及连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第一封闭曲线，发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与第一封闭曲线的第一面积的比值在0.25～0.4之间。

Description

一种耳机
交叉引用
本说明书要求于2022年10月28日提交的申请号为202211336918.4的中国申请的优先权，于2022年12月1日提交的申请号为202223239628.6，于2022年12月30日提交的申请号PCT/CN2022/144339的PCT申请的优先权，于2023年3月2日提交的申请号PCT/CN2023/079401的PCT申请的优先权，以及于2023年3月2日提交的申请号PCT/CN2023/079412的PCT申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本说明书涉及声学技术领域，特别涉及一种耳机。
背景技术
随着声学输出技术的发展，声学输出装置(例如，耳机)已广泛地应用于人们的日常生活，其可以与手机、电脑等电子设备配合使用，以便于为用户提供听觉盛宴。按照用户佩戴的方式，声学装置一般可以分为头戴式、耳挂式和入耳式等。声学装置的输出性能以及佩戴体验对于用户的使用舒适度具有很大的影响。
因此，有必要提供一种耳机，以提高声学输出装置的输出性能以及佩戴体验。
发明内容
本说明书实施例之一提供了一种耳机，其包括：发声部，所述发声部至少部分插入耳甲腔；耳挂，所述耳挂挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，且向所述耳廓背离头部的一侧延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部佩戴于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置；其中，在非佩戴状态下，所述耳挂和所述发声部在第一平面形成第一投影，所述第一投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且所述第一投影的所述外轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第一封闭曲线，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第一封闭曲线的第一面积的比值在0.25～0.4之间。
本说明书实施例之一还提供了一种耳机，其包括：发声部，所述发声部至少部分覆盖对耳轮区域；耳挂，所述耳挂挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，且向所述耳廓背离头部的一侧延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部佩戴于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置；其中，在非佩戴状态下，所述耳挂和所述发声部在第一平面形成第五投影，所述第五投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且所述第五投影的所述外轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第五封闭曲线；所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第五封闭曲线的第五面积的比值在0.4～0.75之间。
附图说明
本说明书将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1是本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性耳部示意图；
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图3是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图4是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机形成的声学模型示意图；
图5是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的非佩戴状态下的耳机的结构示意图；
图6是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的非佩戴状态下的耳机在第一平面上投影形成的第一投影；
图7是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图8是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机在佩戴状态和非佩戴状态下的形态差异示意图；
图9是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的具有不同大小的泄漏结构的类腔体结构的听音指数曲线图；
图10是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一投影的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图11是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图12A是根据本说明书所示的一种耳机与用户耳道的不同示例性配合位置示意图；
图12B是根据本说明书所示的另一种耳机与用户耳道的不同示例性配合位置示意图；
图12C是根据本说明书所示的又一种耳机与用户耳道的不同示例性配合位置示意图；
图13是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部末端在矢状面的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在矢状面的投影在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图14A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在矢状面上的投影的面积在不同重叠比例时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图14B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一投影的形心与耳道口在矢状面上的投影的形心在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图15是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图16是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机形成的声学模型示意图；
图17是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机在佩戴状态和非佩戴状态下的形态差异示意图；
图18是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影在不同重叠比例时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图19A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的一种耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图19B是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的另一种耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图19C是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的又一种耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图19D是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的再一种耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图19E是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的再一种耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图20示出了图19E中发声部末端在矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在矢状面的投影在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
图21A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的发声部不伸入耳甲腔时的佩戴场景时发声部在矢状面上的第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在矢状面上的投影的面积在不同重叠比例时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图；
[根据细则91更正 24.04.2023]
图21B是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的发声部不伸入耳甲腔时的佩戴场景时发声部在矢状面上的第一投影的形心与耳道口在矢状面上的投影的形心在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本说明书实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本说明书应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性耳部示意图。参见图1，耳部100可以包括外耳道101、耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107、耳垂108，耳轮脚109，外轮廓1013和内轮廓1014。需要说明的是，为便于描述，本说明书实施例中将对耳轮上脚1011和对耳轮下脚1012以及对耳轮105统称为对耳轮区域。在一些实施例中，可以借助耳部100的一个或多个部位对声学装置的支撑，实现声学装置佩戴的稳定。在一些实施例中，外耳道101、耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等部位在三维空间中具有一定的深度及容积，可以用于实现声学装置的佩戴需求。例如，声学装置(例如，入耳式耳机)可以佩戴于外耳道101中。在一些实施例中，可以借助耳部100中除外耳道101外的其他部位，实现声学装置的佩戴。例如，可以借助耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、或耳轮107等部位或其组合实现声学装置的佩戴。在一些实施例中，为了改善声学装置在佩戴方面的舒适度及可靠性，也可以进一步借助用户的耳垂108等部位。通过借助耳部100中除外耳道101之外的其他部位，实现声学装置的佩戴和声音的传播，可以“解放”用户耳部的外耳道101。当用户佩戴声学装置(如耳机)时，声学装置不会堵塞用户外耳道101，用户既可以接收来自声学装置的声音又可以接收来自环境中的声音(例如，鸣笛声、车铃声、周围人声、交通指挥声等)，从而能够降低交通意外的发生概率。在一些实施例中，可以根据耳部100的构造，将声学装置设计成与耳部100适配的结构，以实现声学装置的发声部在耳部不同位置的佩戴。例如，声学装置为耳机时，耳机可以包括悬挂结构(例如，耳挂)和发声部，发声部与悬挂结构通过物理方式进行连接，悬挂结构可以与耳廓的形状相适配，以将耳部发声部的整体或者部分结构置于耳轮脚109的前侧(例如，图1中虚线围成的区域J)。又例如，在用户佩戴耳机时，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以与外耳道101的上部(例如，耳轮脚109、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107等一个或多个部位所在的位置)接触。再例如，在用户佩戴耳机时，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以位于耳部的一个或多个部位(例如，耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等)所形成的腔体内(例如，图1中虚线围成的至少包含耳甲艇103、三角窝104的区域M1和与至少包含耳甲腔102的区域M2)。
不同的用户可能存在个体差异，导致耳部存在不同的形状、大小等尺寸差异。为了便于描述和理解，如果没有特别说明，本说明书将主要以具有“标准”形状和尺寸的耳部模型作为参考，进一步描述不同实施例中的声学装置在该耳部模型上的佩戴方式。例如，可以以基于ANSI:S3.36,S3.25和IEC:60318-7标准制得的含头部及其(左、右)耳部的模拟器，例如GRAS 45BC KEMAR，作为佩戴声学装置的参照物，以此呈现出大多数用户正常佩戴声学装置的情景。仅仅作为示例，作为参考的耳部可以具有如下相关特征：耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积为1300mm2～1700mm2的范围内。因此，本说明书中，诸如“用户佩戴”、“处于佩戴状态”及“在佩戴状态下”等描述可以指本说明书所述的声学装置佩戴于前述模拟器的耳部。当然，考虑到不同的用户存在个体差异，耳部100中一个或多个部位的结构、形状、大小、厚度等可以根据不同形状和尺寸的耳部进行差异化设计，这些差异化设计可以表现为声学装置中一个或多个部位(例如，下文中的发声部、耳挂等)的特征参数可以具有不同范围的数值，以此适应不同的耳部。
需要说明的是：在医学、解剖学等领域中，可以定义人体的矢状面(Sagittal Plane)、冠状面(Coronal Plane)和水平面(Horizontal Plane)三个基本切面以及矢状轴(Sagittal Axis)、冠状轴(Coronal Axis)和垂直轴(Vertical Axis)三个基本轴。其中，矢状面是指沿身体前后方向所作的与地面垂直的切面，它将人体分为左右两部分；冠状面是指沿身体左右方向所作的与地面垂直的切面，它将人体分为前后两部分；水平面是指沿垂直于身体的上下方向所作的与地面平行的切面，它将人体分为上下两部分。相应地，矢状轴是指沿身体前后方向且垂直于冠状面的轴，冠状轴是指沿身体左右方向且垂直于矢状面的轴，垂直轴是指沿身体上下方向且垂直于水平面的轴。进一步地，本说明书所述的“耳部的前侧”是一个相对于“耳部的后侧”的概念，耳部的前侧指沿着矢状轴方向且位于耳部朝向人体面部区域的一侧，耳部的后侧沿着矢状轴方向且位于指耳部背离人体面部区域的一侧。其中，沿人体冠状轴所在方向观察上述模拟器的耳部，可以得到图1所示的耳部的前侧轮廓示意图。
关于上述耳部100的描述仅是出于阐述的目的，并不旨在限制本说明书的范围。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本说明书的描述，做出各种各样的变化和修改。例如，声学装置的部分结构可以遮蔽外耳道101的部分或者全部。这些变化和修改仍处于本说明书的保护范围之内。
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图。如图2所示，耳机10可以包括发声部11和悬挂结构12。在一些实施例中，耳机10可以通过悬挂结构12将发声部11佩戴在用户身体上(例如，人体的头部、颈部或者上部躯干)。在一些实施例中，悬挂结构12可以为耳挂，发声部11与耳挂的一端连接，耳挂可以设置成与用户耳部相适配的形状。例如，耳挂可以为弧形结构。在一些实施例中，悬挂结构12也可以为与用户耳廓相适配的夹持结构，以使悬挂结构12可以夹持于用户耳廓处。在一些实施例中，悬挂结构12可以包括但不限于耳挂、弹性带等，使得耳机10可以更好地固定在用户身上，防止用户在使用时发生掉落。
在一些实施例中，发声部11可以用于佩戴在用户的身体上，发声部11内可以设有扬声器以产生声音输入用户耳部100。在一些实施例中，耳机10可以与眼镜、头戴式耳机、头戴式显示装置、AR/VR头盔等产品相结合，在这种情况下，发声部11可以采用悬挂或夹持的方式固定在用户的耳部100的附近。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以为圆环形、椭圆形、多边形(规则或不规则)、U型、V型、半圆形，以便发声部11可以直接挂靠在用户的耳部100处。
结合图1和图2，在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴耳机10时，发声部11的至少部分可以位于用户耳部100的上方、下方、前侧(例如，图1中示出耳屏前侧的区域J)或耳廓内(例如，图1中示出的区域M1或M2)。以下将结合发声部11的不同佩戴位置(11A、11B和11C)进行示例性说明。在一些实施例中，发声部11A位于用户耳部100沿矢状轴方向朝向人体面部区域的一侧，即发声部11A位于耳部100朝向人体的面部区域(例如，图1中示出的区域J)。进一步地，发声部11A的壳体内部设置有扬声器，发声部11A的壳体上可以设置有至少一个出声孔(图2中未示出)，出声孔可以位于壳体上朝向或靠近用户外耳道的侧壁上，扬声器可以通过出声孔向用户耳道处输出声音。在一些实施例中，扬声器可以包括振膜，壳体内部的腔室被振膜至少分隔为前腔和后腔，出声孔与前腔声学耦合，振膜振动带动前腔的空气振动产生气导声音，前腔产生的气导声音通过出声孔向外界传播。在一些实施例中，壳体上还可以包括一个或多个泄压孔，泄压孔可以位于壳体上与出声孔所在侧壁相邻或相对的侧壁上，泄压孔与后腔声学耦合，振膜振动的同时也会带动后腔的空气产生振动产生气导声音，后腔产生的气导声音可以通过泄压孔向外界传递。示例性地，在一些实施例中，发声部11A内的扬声器可以通过出声孔和泄压孔输出具有相位差(例如，相位相反)的声音，出声孔可以位于发声部11A的壳体朝向用户外耳道101的侧壁上，泄压孔可以位于发声部11的壳体背离用户外耳道101的一侧，此时壳体可以起到挡板的作用，增大出声孔和泄压孔到外耳道101的声程差，以增大外耳道101处的声音强度，同时减小远场漏音的音量。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以具有垂直于厚度方向X且彼此正交的长轴方向Y和短轴方向Z。其中，长轴方向Y可以定义为发声部11的二维投影面(例如，发声部11在其外侧面所在平面上的投影，或在人体矢状面上的投影)的形状中具有最大延伸尺寸的方向(例如，当投影形状为长方形或近似长方形时，长轴方向即长方形或近似长方形的长度方向)，短轴方向Z可以定义为在发声部11在人体矢状面上投影的形状中垂直于长轴方向Y的方向(例如，当投影形状为长方形或近似长方形时，短轴方向即长方形或近似长方形的宽度方向)。厚度方向X可以定义为垂直于二维投影面的方向，例如，与冠状轴的方向一致，均指向身体左右的方向。在一些实施例中，当佩戴状态下发声部11处于倾斜状态时，长轴方向Y与短轴方向Z仍平行或近似平行于矢状面，长轴方向Y可以与矢状轴的方向具有一定夹角，即长轴方向Y也相应倾斜设置，短轴方向Z可以与垂直轴的方向具有一定夹角，即短轴方向Z也倾斜设置，如图2所示的发声部11B的佩戴情况。在一些实施例中，发声部11B的壳体的整体或部分结构可以伸入耳甲腔中，也就是说，发声部11B的壳体在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影具有重叠的部分。关于发声部11B的具体内容可以参考本说明书其他地方的内容，例如，图3及其对应的说明书内容。在一些实施例中，佩戴状态下发声部也可以处于水平状态或近似水平状态，如图2的发声部11C所示，长轴方向Y可以与矢状轴的方向一致或近似一致，均指向身体的前后方向，短轴方向Z可以与垂直轴的方向一致或近似一致，均指向身体的上下方向。需要注意的是，佩戴状态下，发声部11C处于近似水平状态可以是指图2所示的发声部11C的长轴方向与矢状轴的夹角在特定范围(例如，不大于20°)内。此外，发声部11的佩戴位置不限于图2中所示的发声部11A、发声部11B和发声部11C，满足图1中示出的区域J、区域M1或区域M2即可。例如，发声部11整体或者部分结构可以位于耳轮脚109的前侧(例如，图1中虚线围成的区域J)。又例如，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以与外耳道101的上部(例如，耳轮脚109、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107等一个或多个部位所在的位置)接触。再例如，声学装置发声部的整体或者部分结构可以位于耳部的一个或多个部位(例如，耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等)所形成的腔体内(例如，图1中虚线围成的至少包含耳甲艇103、三角窝104的区域M1和与至少包含耳甲腔102的区域M2)。
为了改善耳机10在佩戴状态下的稳定性，耳机10可以采用以下几种方式中的任何一种或其组合。其一，悬挂结构12的至少部分设置成与耳部的后侧和头部中的至少一者贴合的仿形结构，以增加悬挂结构12与耳部和/或头部的接触面积，从而增加声学装置10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其二，悬挂结构12的至少部分设置成弹性结构，使之在佩戴状态下具有一定的形变量，以增加悬挂结构12对耳部和/或头部的正压力，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其三，悬挂结构12至少部分设置成在佩戴状态下抵靠在耳部和/或头部上，使之形成压持耳部的反作用力，以使得发声部11压持在耳部沿冠状轴方向远离人体头部一侧，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其四，发声部11和悬挂结构12设置成在佩戴状态下从耳部的前后两侧夹持对耳轮区域、耳甲腔所在区域等，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其五，发声部11或者与之连接的结构设置成至少部分伸入耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104及耳舟106等腔体内，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。
示例性地，结合图3，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的末端FE(也被称为自由端)可以伸入耳甲腔内。可选地，发声部11和悬挂结构12可以设置成从耳甲腔所对应的耳部区域的前后两侧共同夹持前述耳部区域，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力，进而改善耳机10在佩戴状态下的稳定性。例如，发声部的末端FE在厚度方向X上压持在耳甲腔内。再例如，末端FE在长轴方向Y和/或短轴方向Z上抵接在耳甲腔内(例如，与耳甲腔的相对末端FE的内壁相抵接)。需要说明的是，发声部11的末端FE是指发声部11中与悬挂结构12连接的固定端相对设置的端部，也被称为自由端。发声部11可以为形状规则或不规则的结构体，这里为了进一步说明发声部11的末端FE，进行示例性说明。例如，发声部11为长方体结构时，发声部11的端部壁面为平面，此时发声部11的末端FE为发声部11中与悬挂结构12连接的固定端相对设置的端部侧壁。又例如，发声部11为球体、椭球体或不规则的结构体时，发声部11的末端FE可以是指沿Y-Z平面(短轴方向Z和厚度方向X形成的平面)对发声部11进行切割，获取的远离固定端的特定区域，该特定区域沿长轴方向Y的尺寸与发声部沿长轴方向Y的尺寸的比值的取值范围可以为0.05～0.2。
通过将发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内，可以提高听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量， 特别是中低频的听音音量，同时仍然保持较好的远场漏音相消的效果。仅作为示例性说明，发声部11的整体或部分结构伸入耳甲腔102内时，发声部11与耳甲腔102形成类似于腔体(以下简称为类腔体)的结构，在说明书实施例中，类腔体可以理解为由发声部11的侧壁与耳甲腔102结构共同围成的半封闭结构，该半封闭结构使得内部与外部环境并非完全密闭隔绝，而是具有与外部环境声学连通的泄漏结构(例如，开口、缝隙、管道等)。用户在佩戴耳机10时，发声部11的壳体上靠近或朝向用户耳道的一侧可以设置一个或多个出声孔，发声部11的壳体的其它侧壁(例如，远离或背离用户耳道的侧壁)上设置一个或多个泄压孔，出声孔与耳机10的前腔声学耦合，泄压孔与耳机10的后腔声学耦合。以发声部11包括一个出声孔和泄压孔作为示例，出声孔输出的声音和泄压孔输出的声音可以近似视为两个声源，该两个声源的声音大小相等、相位相反。发声部11和耳甲腔对应的内壁形成类腔体结构，其中，出声孔对应的声源位于类腔体结构内，泄压孔对应的声源位于类腔体结构外，形成图4所示的声学模型。如图4所示，类腔体结构402中可以包含听音位置和至少一个声源401A。这里的“包含”可以表示听音位置和声源401A至少有一者在类腔体结构402内部，也可以表示听音位置和声源401A至少有一者在类腔体结构402内部边缘处。听音位置可以等效为耳部耳道入口，也可以是耳部声学参考点，如耳参考点(ear reference point，ERP)、鼓膜参考点(ear-drum reference point，DRP)等，也可以是导向听音者的入口结构等。声源401B位于类腔体结构402的外部，相位相反的声源401A和401B分别向周围空间辐射声音并发生声波的干涉相消现象，实现漏音相消效果。具体地，由于声源401A被类腔体结构402包裹，其辐射出来的声音大部分会通过直射或反射的方式到达听音位置。相对地，在没有类腔体结构402的情况，声源401A辐射出的声音大部分不会到达听音位置。因此，腔体结构的设置使得到达听音位置的声音音量得到显著提高。同时，类腔体结构402外的反相声源401B辐射出来的反相声音只有较少的一部分会通过类腔体结构402的泄漏结构403进入类腔体结构402中。这相当于在泄漏结构403处生成了一个次级声源401B’，其强度显著小于声源401B，亦显著小于声源401A。次级声源401B’产生的声音在腔体内对声源401A产生反相相消的效果微弱，使听音位置的听音音量显著提高。对于漏音来说，声源401A通过腔体的泄漏结构402向外界辐射声音相当于在泄漏结构402处生成了一个次级声源401A’，由于声源401A辐射的几乎所有声音均从泄漏结构403输出，且类腔体结构402尺度远小于评价漏音的空间尺度(相差至少一个数量级)，因此可认为次级声源401A’的强度与声源401A相当，仍然保持了相当的降漏音效果。
在具体应用场景中，发声部11的壳体外壁面通常为平面或曲面，而用户耳甲腔的轮廓为凹凸不平的结构，通过将发声部11部分或整体结构伸入耳甲腔内，发声部11与耳甲腔的轮廓之间形成与外界连通的类腔体结构，进一步地，将出声孔设置在发声部的壳体朝向用户耳道口和靠近耳甲腔边缘的位置，以及将泄压孔设置在发声部11背离或远离耳道口的位置就可以构造图4所示的声学模型，从而使得用户在佩戴耳机时能够提高用户在耳口处的听音位置，以及降低远场的漏音效果。
在一些实施例中，耳机的发声部可以包括换能器和容纳换能器的壳体，其中，换能器是一个可以接收电信号，并将其转换为声音信号进行输出的元件。在一些实施例中，按频率进行区分，换能器的类型可以包括低频(例如，30Hz～150Hz)换能器、中低频(例如，150Hz～500Hz)换能器、中高频(例如，500Hz～5kHz)换能器、高频(例如，5kHz～16kHz)换能器或全频(例如，30Hz～16kHz)换能器，或其任意组合。这里所说的低频、高频等只表示频率的大致范围，在不同的应用场景中，可以具有不同的划分方式。例如，可以确定一个分频点，低频表示分频点以下的频率范围，高频表示分频点以上的频率。该分频点可以为人耳可听范围内的任意值，例如，500Hz，600Hz，700Hz，800Hz，1000Hz等。
在一些实施例中，换能器可以包括一个振膜。当振膜振动时，声音可以分别从该振膜的前侧和后侧发出。在一些实施例中，壳体120内振膜前侧的位置设有用于传递声音的前腔(未示出)。前腔与出声孔声学耦合，振膜前侧的声音可以通过前腔从出声孔中发出。壳体120内振膜后侧的位置设有用于传递声音的后腔(未示出)。后腔与泄压孔声学耦合，振膜后侧的声音可以通过后腔从泄压孔中发出。
参照图3，这里以耳挂作为悬挂结构12的一个示例进行说明，在一些实施例中，耳挂可以包括依次连接的第一部分121和第二部分122，其中，第一部分121可以挂设在用户耳廓和头部之间，第二部分122可以向耳部的外侧(耳部沿冠状轴方向背离人体头部的一侧)延伸并连接发声部，从而将发声部固定于用户耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置。在一些实施例中，出声孔可以开设在壳体朝向耳廓的侧壁上，从而将换能器产生的声音导出壳体后传向用户的耳道口。
在一些实施例中，耳挂自身具有弹性，发声部11与耳挂的相对位置在佩戴状态和未佩戴状态下可能有所区别。例如，为了方便佩戴以及保证佩戴后的稳定性，未佩戴状态下发声部11末端FE到耳挂的距离小于佩戴状态下发声部11末端FE到耳挂的距离，使得佩戴状态下发声部11产生向耳挂靠近的趋势，形成夹持耳廓的夹紧力。针对耳机10的佩戴状态和未佩戴状态，在后文中将分别进行说明。
为了方便理解和描述耳机10在非佩戴状态或佩戴状态下的形态，可以将耳机10投影到特定平面上，并通过该平面上的投影形状有关的参数对耳机10进行描述。仅作为示例，在佩戴状态下，可以将耳机10投影在人体矢状面以形成相应的投影形状。在非佩戴状态下，可以参照人体矢状面与耳机10的相对位置关系，选择与此类似的第一平面，使得耳机10在第一平面投影形成的投影形状接近耳机10在人体矢状面投影形成的投影形状。为了方便描述，参考图6，在一些实施例中，用户未佩戴耳机10时，可以根据耳挂的形态确定第一平面。例如，第一平面可以通过如下方式确定：将耳挂放置于平坦的支撑面(如水平桌面、地平面等)，耳挂与支撑面接触并放置平稳时，该支撑平面即为此时耳机10对应的第一平面。当然，为了保持佩戴状态和非佩戴状态所对应的特定平面的统一性，第一平面还可以是人体矢状面，这里的非佩戴状态可以表现为将用户的人头模型中的耳廓结构去除，并采用固定件或者胶水将发声部11以与佩戴状态下相同的姿态固定在人体头部模型。在一些实施例中，第一平面也可以指耳挂沿其长度延伸方向将其平分或大致平分的平分线所构成的平面。
图5是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的非佩戴状态下的耳机的结构示意图；图6是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的非佩戴状态下的耳机在第一平面上投影形成的第一投影。
结合图5和图6，在一些实施例中，第一投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓。第一端部轮廓可以是发声部11的末端FE在第一平面上的投影轮廓，第一端部轮廓的两个端点P0和P1即为末端FE与发声部11其它部分交界位置在第一平面的投影点，关于末端FE的划分可以参见本说明书图3的相关描述。第二端部轮廓可以是悬挂结构12的自由端BE在第一平面上的投影轮廓，第二端部轮廓的两个端点Q0和Q1即为自由端BE与悬挂结构12其它部分交界位置在第一平面的投影点。外轮廓可以是第一投影位于点P1与点Q1之间的轮廓。内轮廓可以是第一投影位于点P0与点Q0之间的轮廓。
需要说明的是，悬挂结构12的自由端BE可以是悬挂结构12的第一部分中远离第二部分的一端中的至少部分区域。悬挂结构12的第一部分远离第二部分的一端可以为形状规则或不规则的结构体，这里为了进一步说明悬挂结构12的自由端BE，进行示例性说明。例如，悬挂结构12的第一部分远离第二部分的一端为长方体结构时，其端部壁面为平面，此时悬挂结构12的自由端BE为悬挂结构12的第一部分远离第二部分的一端的端部侧壁。又例如，悬挂结构12的第一部分远离第二部分的一端为球体、椭球体或不规则的结构体时，悬挂结构12的自由端BE可以是在悬挂结构12的第一部分的延伸方向上，由远离第二部分的最远位置向第二部分延进特定距离后所获取的区域，该特定距离与悬挂结构12第一部分的总延伸距离的比值的取值范围可以为0.05～0.2。
以发声部11在第一平面上的投影为类长方形(例如，跑道形)为例，发声部11的投影中存在平行或近似平行的上侧壁投影和下侧壁投影，以及连接上侧壁投影和下侧壁投影的第一端部轮廓，第一端部轮廓可以是直线段或圆弧，点P0和点P1分别表示第一端部轮廓两端。仅作为示例性说明，点P0可以是末端FE投影形成的弧线与上侧壁投影的线段的交界点，与点P0类似，点P1可以是末端FE投影形成的弧线与下侧壁投影的线段的交界点。相似的，耳挂远离发声部11的一端也具有自由端，耳挂的自由端在第一平面的投影形成第二端部轮廓，第二端部轮廓可以是直线段或圆弧，点Q0和点Q1分别表示第二端部轮廓两端。在一些实施例中，点Q0和点Q1可以是耳挂的第一部分121在第一平面上远离耳挂第二部分122的方向上的自由端投影的线段或弧线的两端点，进一步地，在发声部11的长轴方向Y上，靠近发声部11的端点为点Q0，远离发声部11的端点为Q1。
耳机10在第一平面和人体矢状面的投影形状能够反映耳机10在耳部的佩戴方式。例如，第一投影的面积可以反映耳机10在佩戴状态下能够覆盖的耳廓的区域，以及发声部11和耳挂与耳部的接触方式。在一些实施例中，由于发声部11与耳挂的第一部分121并未接触，第一投影中内轮廓、外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓形成一个非封闭的区域。该区域的大小与耳机10的佩戴效果(例如，佩戴的稳定性、发声位置等)密切相关。为了方便理解，在一些实施例中，可以确定连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段50，将切线段50、外轮廓、第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓共同界定出的第一封闭曲线围成的面积作为第一投影的面积(也称为“第一面积”)。
为了使得发声部11的整体或部分结构可以伸入耳甲腔内以提高发声部11的发声效率，其中，发声效率可以理解为耳道口的听音音量与远场的漏音音量的比值。如图2中所示的发声部11B相对于耳部的位置，可以将发声部11的尺寸设置的较小以适应耳甲腔的尺寸。此外，为了使得耳挂的第一部分121与发声部11在耳甲腔边缘处提供合适的夹紧力，让耳机10佩戴更加稳定，在非佩戴状态下，发声部11与耳挂的第一部分121之间的距离不宜太远，这样，通过提供合适的夹紧力，可以确保在佩戴状态下耳机10不完全仅由耳部上缘支撑，提升佩戴的舒适度。考虑到以上因素，在非佩戴状态下可以将第一封闭曲线围成的第一面积设置得较小。在一些实施例中，第一封闭曲线围成的第一面积的范 围不大于1500mm2。
在一些实施例中，由于耳挂至少部分设置成在佩戴状态下抵靠在耳部和/或头部上，使之形成压持耳部的作用力，第一面积过小可能造成部分人群(如耳廓较大人群)佩戴后存在异物感，因此，考虑到佩戴方式和耳部的尺寸，第一封闭曲线的第一面积的范围不小于1000mm2；同时，在一些实施例中，考虑到发声部11与用户耳道(例如耳甲腔)的相对位置会影响发声部11与用户耳甲腔所构成的类腔体结构的泄露结构的数量以及泄露结构的开口大小，而该泄露结构的开口大小会直接影响听音质量，具体表现为第一面积过小时，发声部11可能无法抵接耳甲腔的边缘，造成发声部11直接向外辐射的声音成分增多，到达听音位置的声音变少，进而导致发声部11的发声效率降低。综上，在一些实施例中，第一封闭曲线的第一面积的范围可以在1000mm2～1500mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，考虑耳机10的整体结构，以及耳挂的形状需要适应耳部和头部之间的空间等，第一封闭曲线的第一面积的范围不小于1150mm2。在一些实施例中，为保证发声部11的发声效率以及夹紧力的适中，第一封闭曲线的第一面积的范围不大于1350mm2。因此，在一些实施例中，第一封闭曲线的第一面积的范围可以在1150mm2～1350mm2之间，以保证发声部11的发声效率以及用户佩戴耳机10的舒适度，同时，适当的第一面积可以保证耳机10在听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，特别是中低频的听音音量，同时保持较好的远场漏音相消的效果。
为了使得发声部11的整体或部分结构可以伸入耳甲腔内，例如，图2中所示的发声部11B相对于耳部的位置，并与用户的耳甲腔形成图4所示的声学模型，可以设置发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第一面积之间的相对大小。在一些实施例中，可以使得耳机10在非佩戴状态下，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第一面积的值较小，以保证用户在佩戴耳机10时不堵塞用户耳道口，同时也降低用户在佩戴时的负荷，便于用户的日常佩戴时获取环境音或日常交流。例如，可以使得发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积不超过第一面积的一半(即比值不大于0.5)。在一些实施例中，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第一面积的比值可以在0.22～0.43之间。进一步地，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第一面积的比值可以在0.25～0.4之间，从而减轻用户的佩戴感。
由于不同用户(例如，不同年龄、不同性别、不同身高体重)的耳甲腔大小和轮廓形状可能有所差异，发声部11的整体尺寸(尤其是沿其长轴方向的尺寸和短轴方向的尺寸)也不宜过大或过小。例如，发声部11的投影面积过小时，发声部11无法对耳甲腔进行充分的覆盖，发声部11与耳甲腔之间形成的缝隙尺寸较大，导致用户耳道口处的听音音量较低。而发声部11的投影面积过大时，发声部11可能覆盖用户耳道口，使耳道口无法保持开放状态，影响用户获取外界环境中的声音。为了保证用户佩戴耳机10的听音效果以及同时保持耳道口处于开放状态以获取外界环境中的声音，在一些实施例中，发声部11的投影面积可以在202mm2～560mm2之间。在此基础上，为了保证发声部11的具有较高的发声效率并使得在佩戴状态下耳挂压持在耳部的作用力适中，第一面积的范围可以在1000mm2～1500mm2之间。进一步地，为了使得发声部11能够产生更好的听音效果，可以使得第一面积的范围在1150mm2～1350mm2之间，发声部11的投影面积在330mm2～440mm2之间，且发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第一面积的比值在0.25～0.4之间。
参考图5，在一些实施例中，在耳机10非佩戴状态下，内轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓以及连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段50共同界定出第三封闭曲线。为了方便理解，与第一面积类似，在一些实施例中，可以将第三封闭曲线围成的面积作为第三投影的面积(也称为“第三面积”)。第三封闭曲线能够反映耳机10佩戴时，发声部11和耳挂与耳部的贴合程度。
考虑到发声部11与用户耳道(例如耳甲腔)的相对位置会影响发声部11与用户耳甲腔所构成的类腔体结构的泄露结构的数量以及泄露结构的开口大小，而该泄露结构的开口大小会直接影响听音质量，具体表现为第三面积过大时，发声部11可能无法抵接耳甲腔的边缘，造成发声部11直接向外辐射的声音成分增多，到达听音位置的声音变少，进而导致发声部11的发声效率降低。在一些实施例中，考虑耳机10的整体结构，以及耳挂的形状需要适应耳部和头部之间的空间等，第三面积不宜过大，因此发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第三封闭曲线的第三面积的范围的比值不小于0.6。过小的第三面积会导致耳挂与发声部11在用户耳廓的夹紧力度过大，因此，在一些实施例中，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第三封闭曲线的第三面积的范围的比值不大于1.12。综上，在一些实施例中，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第三封闭曲线的第三面积的范围的比值在0.6～1.12之间。进一步地，过大的第三面积可能导致耳挂与发声部11夹持效果降低，此时耳机10的自重由用户耳部上缘支撑，导致增加异物感，为了保证用户佩戴的舒适性，同时避免过小的第三面积影响发声部11伸入耳甲腔，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第三面积的范围的比值在0.67～1.06之间。
在一些实施例中，基于前述发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第三封闭曲线的第三面积的范围的比值范围，第三面积的范围可以在200mm2～600mm2之间。进一步地，为保证耳机10在听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，并提高用户佩戴时的舒适度，第三面积的范围在300mm2～500mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，第一面积与第三面积的差等于耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积(即发声部11在第一平面的投影面积与耳挂在第一平面的投影面积之和)。通常，为了使得用户可以在听音位置获得更高的听音音量，需要增加换能器的尺寸，或提高电池向换能器的输入功率(或输入电压)，而增加换能器的尺寸会导致发声部11的尺寸增加，而在不影响耳机10续航的前提下，提高电池向换能器的输入功率会导致电池仓面积增加。在一些实施例中，由于将发声部11至少部分插入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，可以提高发声部11的发声效率，因此，发声部11可以在较小体积下(即耳机10具有较小的体积)，保证发声部11可以在听音位置提供更高的听音音量。此时，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的比值不大于0.65。在一些实施例中，为了避免发声部11与耳甲腔之间形成的缝隙尺寸较大，导致用户耳道口处的听音音量下降，发声部11的尺寸不宜太小。此时，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的比值不小于0.28。为了保证佩戴状态下发声部能提供足够的听音音量，对应地，在非佩戴状态下，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.28～0.65之间。进一步地，为了提高用户佩戴耳机10时的听音效果，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.35～0.59之间。
如前文所描述，第一面积与第三面积的差等于耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积，在一些实施例中，在非佩戴状态下，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.28～0.65之间，且耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的范围在500mm2～1180mm2之间。进一步地，在发声部11能够伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，为了控制发声部11的尺寸在适当范围，以提高耳机10的佩戴舒适度，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.35～0.59之间，且耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积的范围在650mm2～970mm2之间。
图8是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机10在佩戴状态和非佩戴状态下的形态差异示意图。虚线区域表示佩戴状态下耳挂的第一部分，其相比于非佩戴状态下耳挂的第一部分距离发声部11末端FE的距离更远。在佩戴状态下，耳挂和发声部11在人体矢状面形成第二投影，类似于图5所示的第一投影，第二投影也包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓以及连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第二封闭曲线。如前文所描述，耳机10在第一平面投影形成的投影形状接近耳机10在人体矢状面投影形成的投影形状，因此，在第二投影中，仍然可以采用如图5的轮廓边界点，即点P0、点P1、点Q0和点Q1来描述第二投影中各个轮廓的划分。也就是说，第二投影中的外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓以及切线段的定义均与第一轮廓类似，在此不再赘述。第二封闭曲线围成的面积视为第二投影的面积(也称为“第二面积”)。在一些实施例中，第二面积可以反应耳机10在佩戴状态下与用户耳部的贴合情况。
在一些实施例中，可以通过模拟耳机10在佩戴状态下的形态来获取第二封闭曲线的第二面积。示例性的，可以在佩戴状态下，将耳机10各部分的相对位置进行固定，保证耳机各部分在从耳部取下(或移除耳部模型)后，耳机各部分相对位置不发生变化，进而得到佩戴状态下的耳机形态。进一步地，可以基于该形态下的耳机在第一平面上的投影确定第二面积。
由于耳机10在佩戴状态下，耳挂与发声部11之间的距离增加，导致第二封闭曲线围成的第二面积大于第一封闭曲线围成的第一面积。在一些实施例中，为了使得佩戴状态下发声部11能够伸入耳甲腔且耳挂与耳部能够较好地贴合，应当使得第二面积与第一面积之差在一定的范围内。例如，第二面积可以比第一面积大20mm2～500mm2。在一些实施例中，第二面积可以比第一面积大50mm2～400mm2。在一些实施例中，第二面积可以比第一面积大60mm2～100mm2。
由于第二面积与第一面积之差在一定的范围内，因此，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第二封闭曲线的第二面积的比值略小于发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第一封闭曲线的第一面积的比值。例如，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第二面积的比值范围在0.18～0.42之间。进一步地，为了保证用户在佩戴耳机10时不堵塞用户耳道口，同时也降低用户在佩戴时的负荷，便于用户的日常佩戴时获取环境音或日常交流，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第二封闭曲线的第二面积的比值在0.2～0.35之间。
基于与第一面积类似的理由，适当的第二面积可以保证耳机10在听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，特别是中低频的听音音量，同时保持较好的远场漏音相消的效果。在一些实施例中，第二面积的范围在1100mm2～1700mm2之间。进一步地，考虑到发声部11的投影面积与第二面积的比值范围，第二面积的范围可以在1300mm2～1650mm2之间，以兼顾听音质量和降漏音效果。
在一些实施例中，在耳机10佩戴状态下，内轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓以及连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段50共同界定出第四封闭曲线。与第三面积类似，在一些实施例中，可以将第四封闭曲线围成的面积作为第四投影的面积(也称为“第四面积”)。第四封闭曲线与第三封闭曲线的差异能够反映耳机10佩戴时，发声部11和耳挂与耳部的贴合程度。
在一些实施例中，由于耳挂存在一定程度上的弹性，在佩戴状态下，耳挂与发声部11之间的距离增加，因此耳机10在佩戴状态下形成的第四面积大于非佩戴状态下形成的第三面积。在一些实施例中，当第四面积过大时，发声部11可能无法抵接耳甲腔的边缘，造成发声部11直接向外辐射的声音成分增多，到达听音位置的声音变少，进而导致发声部11的发声效率降低；而过小的第四面积会导致耳挂与发声部11在用户耳廓的夹紧力度过大，因此，在一些实施例中，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与第四封闭曲线的第四面积的比值在0.46～0.77之间。进一步地，为了保证用户佩戴的舒适性，同时避免过小的第三面积影响发声部11伸入耳甲腔，发声部11的投影面积与第四面积的比值在0.51～0.72之间。
在一些实施例中，基于前述发声部11的投影面积与第四面积的比值范围，第四封闭曲线的第四面积的范围在350mm2～900mm2之间。进一步地，过大的第四面积可能导致耳挂与发声部11夹持效果降低，此时耳机10的自重由用户耳部上缘支撑，导致佩戴感增加，为了保证用户佩戴的舒适性，以及保证耳机10在听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，并提高用户佩戴时的舒适度，第四面积的范围在450mm2～750mm2之间。
再次参考图5和图6，如前文所描述，考虑到不同用户耳部形状和大小的差异，通过设计第一面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积之间的相对大小，可以有效提升耳机10的佩戴效果。由于不同用户的耳部形状和大小可能存在差异，本说明书将取耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的均值范围作为参考，该均值范围在1300mm2～1700mm2的范围内。在一些实施例中，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.15～0.35间。发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在前述区间内，可以保证发声部11良好的发声效率和听音效果。需要说明的是，对于一些用户来说，由于用户的个体差异性，耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积可能会小于1300mm2或大于1700mm2，在该情况下，第一面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值可能大于0.33或小于0.15,。例如，发声部11在第一平面上的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.1～0.38之间。
如前文所描述，当用户佩戴耳机10时，其发声部11的至少部分可以伸入用户的耳甲腔，形成图4所示的声学模型。由于发声部11无法与耳甲腔完成紧密贴合，从而会形成缝隙，该缝隙与图4中所示出的泄露结构403对应。也就是说，耳机10在佩戴状态下，发声部11的部分或整体结构伸入耳甲腔时，发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影上具有重叠区域。进一步地，该重叠区域的比例会影响图4中所示的声学模型中类腔体结构402的泄露结构403的开口面积的大小。例如，发声部11与耳甲腔之间的重叠比例比较大时，发声部11可以覆盖耳甲腔较大部分的区域，此时，发声部11与耳甲腔之间的缝隙尺寸较小，也就是说，类腔体结构402的泄露结构403的开口面积较小。
图9是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的类腔体结构的示意图；图10是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的具有不同大小的泄漏结构的类腔体结构的听音指数曲线图。如图9所示，类腔体结构上泄漏结构的开口面积为S，类腔体结构中受被包含的声源(图9中示出的“+”)直接作用的面积为S0。这里的“直接作用”指被包含声源发出的声音不经过泄漏结构直接声学作用于类腔体结构的壁面。两声源的间距为d0，泄漏结构的开口形状的中心到另一个声源(与图9中示出的“-”)的距离为L。如图10所示，保持L/d0＝1.09不变，相对开口大小S/S0越大，听音指数越小。这里听音指数可以是指听音位置测取的声压级强度。这是由于相对开口越大，被包含的声源直接向外辐射的声音成分越多，到达听音位置的声音越少，造成了听音音量随着相对开口增大而下降，进而导致听音指数变小。由此可以推断出，开口越大，在听音位置的听音音量越小。在一些实施例中，为了保证用户佩戴耳机10时在耳道口处的听音音量，可以将发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积(例如图7中的虚线框1015所围成的面积)的重叠比例控制在特定范围内，以控制开口的大小。需要说明的是，在本说明书实施例中，重叠比例可以理解为发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。
图11是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。在图11中，横坐标表示频率(单位：Hz)，纵坐标表示不同重叠比例所对应的耳道口处的频率响应(单位：dB)。由图11可知，用户佩戴耳机10且发声部11的至少部分结构覆盖耳甲腔时，即发声部11的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影具有重叠区域时，相对于发声部11的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影不具有重叠区域(重叠比例为0％)时用户耳道口处的听音音量具有显著的提升，尤其是在中低频频段范围内。在一些实施例中，为了提高用户佩戴耳机10时的听音效果，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以不小于9.26％。继续参考图11，随着发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不断增大，用户在耳道口处的听音音量得到的提升也越强，尤其是将发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例由36.58％提升至44.01％时，听音效果具有显著的提升。基于此，为了进一步提高用户的听音效果，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不小于44.01％。进一步地，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不小于57.89％。需要说明的是，关于本说明书实施例中的测取的发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例对应的频响曲线是在发声部11的佩戴角度(上侧壁或下侧壁与水平方向的夹角)以及发声部11的尺寸一定时，通过改变发声部11的佩戴位置(例如，沿矢状轴或垂直轴方向平移)来测取的。
本说明书实施例中提供的耳机10，通过将发声部11的至少部分伸入耳甲腔内，且发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例控制为不小于44.01％，可以使发声部11与用户的耳甲腔较好地配合以形成图4所示的声学模型，从而提高耳机10在听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，特别是中低频的听音音量。在此基础上，可以适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸，进而可以降低第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。在一些实施例中，为了保证耳机10具有伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式，且发声部11具有较高的发声效率和佩戴的舒适性，可以使得发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不小于44.01％，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间。进一步地，为了使得发声部11能够与耳甲腔形成更为理想的类腔体结构，可以使得发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不小于57.89％，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.85～1.03之间。需要说明的是，该比值是基于耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的均值范围作为参考，该均值范围在1300mm2～1700mm2的范围内，对于一些用户来说，其耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积可能会小于1300mm2或大于1700mm2，在该情况下，第一面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值可能大于1.1或小于0.8，例如，第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.65～1.3之间。
还需要说明的是，为了保证用户在佩戴耳机10时不堵塞用户耳道口，使耳道口保持开放状态，以便用户在获取耳机10输出的声音的同时，还能够获取外界环境中的声音，发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不宜过大。在佩戴状态下，当发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例过小时，发声部11伸入耳甲腔中的尺寸过小导致发声部11与用户耳甲腔的贴合面积较小，无法利用耳甲腔对发声部11起到足够的支撑和限位作用，存在佩戴不稳定容易发生脱落的问题，另一方面，发声部11与耳甲腔形成的缝隙尺寸过大，影响用户耳道口的听音音量。为了保证耳机10在不堵塞用户耳道口的前提下，保证用户佩戴耳机10的稳定性和舒适性以及具有较好的听音效果，在一些实施例中，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为44.01％～77.88％，以使得发声部11的部分或整体结构伸入耳甲腔时，可以通过耳甲腔对发声部11的作用力，对发声部11起到一定的支撑和限位作用，进而提升其佩戴稳定性和舒适性。同时发声部11还可以与耳甲腔形成图4所示的声学模型，保证用户在听音位置(例如，耳道口)的听音音量，降低远场的漏音音量。进一步地，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为46％～71.94％。较为进一步地，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为57.89％～62％，以使得发声部11与用户耳甲腔之间形成的类腔体结构中的缝隙尺寸更有利于提高听音音量。
发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠面积与发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例能够体现发声部11整体相对于耳甲腔的伸入程度，进而影响发声部11的发声效率。在一些实施例中，为了使耳机10在不堵塞用户耳道口的前提下，保证用户佩戴耳机10的稳定性和舒适性以及具有较好的发声效率，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为46％～71.94％，且发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠面积与发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于40.4％。优选的，发声部11的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为57.89％～62％，且发声部在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠面积与发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于42.16％，以使发声部11伸入至耳甲腔中适当的位置，进而保证听音效果。
图12A～图12C是根据本说明书所示的耳机10与用户耳道的不同示例性配合位置示意图。
发声部11和耳甲腔边缘之间形成的缝隙尺寸还与发声部11的末端FE相对于耳甲腔边缘的距离相关，发声部11的末端FE相对于耳甲腔边缘的距离可以通过发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面 投影的中点与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离来表征。耳甲腔是指耳轮脚下方的凹窝区域，也就是说，耳甲腔的边缘至少是由耳脚轮下方的侧壁、耳屏的轮廓、屏间切迹、对屏尖、轮屏切迹以及与耳甲腔对应的对耳轮体的轮廓组成。耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影为耳甲腔在人体矢状面投影的轮廓。具体地，发声部11的一端与悬挂结构12(耳挂的第二部分122)连接，用户在佩戴时，发声部11的部分或整体结构伸入耳甲腔中，而发声部11的末端FE(自由端)相对耳甲腔边缘的位置会影响发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例，从而影响发声部11和耳甲腔之间形成的缝隙尺寸，进而影响用户耳道口处的听音音量。进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影距离可以反映发声部11的末端FE相对于耳甲腔的位置以及发声部11覆盖用户耳甲腔的程度。需要说明的是，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影为曲线或折线时，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点可以通过下述示例性的方法进行选取：可以选取末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影沿其短轴方向距离最大的两个点做一条线段，选取该线段上的中点作中垂线，该中垂线与该投影相交的点即为发声部11的末端在人体矢状面上的投影的中点。在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端FE为曲面时，还可以选取其投影上与短轴方向Z平行的切线所在的切点作为发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点。
如图12A所示，发声部11没有抵持在耳甲腔102的边缘时，发声部11的末端FE位于耳甲腔102内，也就是说，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点并未与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影重叠。如图12B所示，耳机10的发声部11伸入耳甲腔102，且发声部11的末端FE与耳甲腔102的边缘抵接，也就是说，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影重叠。如图12C所示，耳机10的发声部11覆盖耳甲腔，且发声部11的末端FE位于耳甲腔102的边缘和耳廓的内轮廓1014之间。
结合图12A～图12C，当发声部11的末端FE位于耳甲腔102的边缘内时，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离如果过大则发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例过小，发声部11和耳甲腔102的边缘之间形成的缝隙尺寸较大，影响用户耳道口处的听音音量。当发声部11末端FE与在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3位于耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影和耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面上的投影之间的位置时，发声部11末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影如果过大，发声部11的末端FE会与耳廓相干涉，且不能增加发声部11覆盖耳甲腔102的比例。此外，用户佩戴时，发声部11的末端FE如果未处于耳甲腔102中，耳甲腔102的边缘无法对发声部11起到限位的作用，容易发生脱落。另外，发声部11尺寸增加会增加其自身重量，影响用户佩戴的舒适性和随身携带的便捷性。需要说明的是，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影为曲线或折线时，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点可以通过下述示例性的方法进行选取，可以选取末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的始端点和终端点做一条线段，选取该线段上的中点做中垂线，该中垂线与该投影相交的点即为发声部11的末端在人体矢状面上的投影的中点。在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端FE为曲面时，还可以选取其投影上与短轴方向Z平行的切线所在的切点作为发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点。
图13是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。参照图13，其中，横坐标表示频率(单位：Hz)，纵坐标表示不同频率时耳道口处的声压级(单位：dB)，频响曲线1201为发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为0mm(例如，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的末端抵靠在耳甲腔的边缘)时的频响曲线，频响曲线1202为发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为4.77mm时的频响曲线，频响曲线1203为发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为7.25mm时的频响曲线，频响曲线1204为发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为10.48mm时的频响曲线，频响曲线1205为发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为15.3mm时的频响曲线，频响曲线1206为发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为19.24mm时的频响曲线。根据图13可以看出，当发声部11的末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为0mm(例如，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的末端抵靠在耳甲腔的边缘)、4.77mm、7.25mm时，耳道口处测取的声音的声压级较大。当发声部11的末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为19.24mm(例如，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的末端抵靠在耳甲腔的边缘)时，耳道口测取的声音的声压级相对较小。也就是说，在佩戴状态下，当发声部11的末端在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离越大，即发声部11伸入耳甲腔中结构越少，发声部11在人体矢状面的第一投影的面积与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠比例越小，耳道口处的听音效果越差。基于此，为了保证耳机10在具有较好的听音效果的同时，也能保证用户佩戴的舒适性和稳定性，在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离不大于16mm。进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离不大于13mm。较为进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～10.92mm，此时，发声部11与用户耳甲腔之间形成的类腔体结构中的缝隙尺寸更有利于提高听音音量。仅作为示例，在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～15.3mm。进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～10.48mm。较为进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～7.25mm。更为进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～4.77mm。在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端可以抵靠耳甲腔边缘，这里可以理解为发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影相重叠(例如，图12A所示的发声部11相对耳甲腔的位置)，即发声部11末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影距离为0mm时，发声部11可以具有较好的频率响应，此时发声部11的末端与耳甲腔边缘相抵靠，可以对发声部11起到支撑和限位作用，提高用户佩戴耳机10的稳定性。需要说明的是，在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以是指发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3到耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的最小距离。在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离还可以是指沿矢状轴方向的距离。此外，图13中涉及的发声部11的末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离均是发声部11的末端伸入耳甲腔的场景进行测取的。需要说明的是，在具体佩戴场景中，还可以是发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影中除了中点C3之外的其他点与耳甲腔边缘抵靠，此时发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以大于0mm。优选地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为2mm～16mm。进一步地，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为4mm～10.48mm，以使得发声部11与用户耳甲腔之间形成的类腔体结构中的缝隙尺寸更有利于提高听音音量。此外，耳甲腔102为凹窝结构，耳甲腔102对应的侧壁并非是平整的壁面，而耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影是一个不规则的二维形状，耳甲腔102对应的侧壁在人体矢状面的投影可能是在该形状的轮廓上，也可能在该形状的轮廓外，因此，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影也可以不重叠。例如，发声部11的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点可以在耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面的投影内侧或外侧。在本说明书的实施例中，当发声11的末端FE位于耳甲腔102时，发声部11的末端FE与在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离在特定范围(例如，不大于6mm)内均可视为发声部11的末端FE与耳甲腔102的边缘抵接。
在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端的投影与耳甲腔的边缘的投影的距离位于合适范围内，可以得到更高的发声效率，在此基础上，可以适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸，进而可以降低第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端的投影与耳甲腔的边缘的投影的距离在人体矢状面的投影的距离不大于16mm，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间。在一些实施例中，发声部11的末端的投影与耳甲腔的边缘的投影的距离在人体矢状面的投影的距离在0mm～15.3mm之间，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.76～1.05之间，以降低发声部11与用户耳部所构成的类腔体结构向外部泄露的声音，使得更多声音进入耳道内，保证听音效果。
需要说明的是，关于本说明书实施例中测取的发声部11的末端FE与在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的不同距离对应的频响曲线是在发声部11的佩戴角度(上侧壁或下侧壁与水平方向的夹角)、以及长轴方向的尺寸、短轴方向和厚度方向的尺寸一定时，通过改变发声部11的佩戴位置(例如，沿矢状轴方向平移)来测取的。
为方便描述，可在图7所示的发声部11投影周围划定实线框P所示的矩形区域，并将实线框P所示的矩形区域的形心O近视为发声部11的投影的形心。需要说明的是，上述关于发声部11的投影及其形心的描述仅作为一个示例，发声部11的投影的形状与发声部11的形状或发声部11相对耳部的佩戴情况相关。
在一些实施例中，参照图12A～图12C，当耳机10处于佩戴状态时，发声部11的投影与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影(例如图12A～图12C所示的虚线区域1016)可以至少部分重叠。其中，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离可以反映出发声部11与耳道口之间的相对位置关系以及发声部11的投影面积与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例。该重叠比例会影响发声部11与用户耳部所构成的类腔体结构的泄露结构的数量以及泄露结构的开口大小，而该泄露结构的开口大小会直接影响听音质量，具体表现为泄露结构的开口越大，发声部11直接向外辐射的声音成分越多，到达听音位置的声音越少。
图14A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图，图14B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部11的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。
参照图14A，其中，横坐标为发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例，纵坐标为不同重叠比例所对应的耳道口处的声音的声压级，直线1301表示在频率为500Hz时，根据第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与耳道口处的声压级进行拟合的线性关系；直线1322表示在频率为1kHz时，根据第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与耳道口处的声压级进行拟合的线性关系；直线1303表示在频率为3kHz时，第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与耳道口处的声压级进行拟合的线性关系。图14A中的空心圆形点表示频率为500Hz时第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例的情况下所对应的测试数据；图14A中的灰度值较浅的圆形点表示频率为1kHz时第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例的情况下所对应的测试数据；图14A中的黑色圆形点表示频率为3kHz时第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例的情况下所对应的测试数据。根据图14A可以看出，不同频率下，第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与用户耳道口处的声压级大小是近似呈正相关的，当发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积具有重叠时，在耳道口处测取特定频率(例如，500Hz、1kHz、3kHz)的声音的相对于发声部11的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积不具有重叠比例(重叠比例为0)时具有明显的提升。基于此，为了保证发声部11的声学输出质量，可以使发声部11的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例介于44.01％～80％之间。结合图14A，当重叠比例为22％或32％时在耳道口处的声音的声压级较大，但是发声部11伸入耳甲腔的结构有限，耳甲腔边缘无法对发声部11的末端起到支撑和限位的作用，而重叠比例过大(例如，重叠比例大于80％)虽然在耳道口处的声音的声压级较大，但是会影响耳道口的开放状态，进一步地，在一些实施例中，发声部11的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例可以介于45％～71.49％之间，以兼顾耳道口与外界环境的连通以及听音效果。
参照图14B，其中，横坐标为发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离，纵坐标为不同距离所对应的耳道口处的声音的声压级。直线1304表示在频率为500Hz时，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离与耳道口处的声压级进行拟合的线性关系；直线1305表示在频率为1kHz时，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离与耳道口处的声压级进行模拟的线性关系；直线1306表示在频率为3kHz时，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离与耳道口处的声压级进行模拟的线性关系。图14B中的空心圆形点表示频率为500Hz时发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P在不同距离的情况下所对应的测试数据；图14B中的黑色圆形点表示频率为1kHz时发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P在不同距离的情况下所对应的测试数据；图14B中的灰度值较浅的圆形点表示频率为3kHz时发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P在不同距离的情况下所对应的测试数据。根据图14B可以看出，不同频率下，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离与用户耳道口处的声压级大小是近似呈负相关的，从整体来看，在耳道口处测取特定频率(例如，500Hz、1kHz、3kHz)的声音的声压级随着发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离的增大呈下降趋势，这里结合图14A和图14B，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离越大，发声部11的投影面积与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例越小。该重叠比例会影响发声部11与用户耳部所构成的类腔体结构的泄露结构的数量以及泄露结构的开口大小，而该泄露结构的开口大小会直接影响听音质量，具体表现为泄露结构的开口越大，发声部11直接向外辐射的声音成分越多，到达听音位置的声音越少。此外，当发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离过小时，发声部11的投影面积与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例过大，发声部11可能覆盖用户耳道口，影响用户获取外界环境中的声音信息。根据图14B可以看出，以频率为3kHz作为示例，当发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离为7mm、11mm时测取的耳道口处的声压级分别为～72dB和～70dB，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离为18mm、22mm时测取的耳道口处的声压级分别为～80dB和～84.3dB。由此可知，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P的距离不宜过大。在一些实施例中，为了保证发声部11的声学输出质量(例如，在耳道口处的声压级大于～80dB)的同时，保证用户可以接收外界环境中的声音信息，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离可以为3mm～15mm。进一步地，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离可以为4mm～13mm。较为进一步地，发声部11的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心P之间的距离可以为8mm～10mm，以保证用户耳道处的听音音量。
在一些实施例中，发声部11在人体矢状面的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离位于合适范围内，可以得到更高的发声效率，在此基础上，可以适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸，进而可以降低第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。在一些实施例中，发声部11在人体矢状面的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离范围在4mm～13mm之间，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.88～1.2之间。在一些实施例中，发声部11在人体矢状面的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离范围在8mm～12mm之间，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间，以降低发声部11与用户耳部所构成的类腔体结构向外部泄露的声音，使得更多声音进入耳道内，保证听音效果。
需要说明的是，关于本说明书实施例中测取的不同重叠比例对应的频响曲线和第一投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心对应的频响曲线是在发声部11的佩戴角度(上侧壁或下侧壁与水平方向的夹角)、以及长轴方向的尺寸、短轴方向和厚度方向的尺寸一定时，通过改变发声部11的佩戴位置(例如，沿矢状轴方向平移)来测取的。
需要说明的是，本说明书实施例中涉及的发声部11与耳廓、耳甲腔或耳道口之间的位置关系可以通过以下如下示例性方法进行确定：首先，在特定位置，沿正对矢状面的方向拍摄具有耳部的人头模型的照片，标示出耳甲腔边的缘、耳道口轮廓和耳廓轮廓(例如，内轮廓和外轮廓)，这些标示出的轮廓可以视为耳部各个构造在人体矢状面的投影轮廓；然后，在该特定位置以相同的角度拍摄在人头模型上佩戴耳机10的照片，标示出发声部11的轮廓，该轮廓可以视为发声部11在人体矢状面的投影，通过对比分析即可确定发声部11(例如，形心、末端等)与耳甲腔边缘、耳道口、内轮廓或外轮廓之间的位置关系。
前述图1～图14B及其对应的说明书内容是关于耳机佩戴状态下发声部的整体或部分伸入耳甲腔的情况，在一些实施例中，发声部还可以不伸入耳甲腔。例如，图15所示的发声部1201的至少部分覆盖对耳轮区域。又例如，发声部1201部可以相对耳甲腔悬空设置。以下以图15所示的耳机1200为例，对耳机1200进行详细说明。需要知道的是，在不违背相应声学原理的情况下，图15的耳机1200的结构以及其对应的参数也可以同样适用于上文中提到的将发声部伸入耳甲腔的耳机中。
通过将发声部1201至少部分位于用户对耳轮105处，可以提高耳机1200的输出效果，即增大近场听音位置的声音强度，同时减小远场漏音的音量。用户在佩戴耳机1200时，发声部1201的壳体上靠近或朝向用户耳道的一侧可以设置一个或多个出声孔，发声部1201的壳体的其它侧壁(例如，远离或背离用户耳道的侧壁)上设置一个或多个泄压孔，出声孔与耳机1200的前腔声学耦合，泄压孔与耳机1200的后腔声学耦合。以发声部1201包括一个出声孔和泄压孔作为示例，出声孔输出的声音和泄压孔输出的声音可以近似视为两个声源，该两个声源的声音大小相等、相位相反。出声孔发出的声音可以不受阻碍地直接传递到用户耳道口，而泄压孔发出的声音需要绕过发声部1201的壳体或者穿过发声部1201形成类似图16所示的声学模型。如图16所示，当点声源A1和点声源A2之间设有挡板时，在近场，点声源A2的声场需要绕过挡板才能与点声源A1的声波在听音位置处产生干涉，相当于增加了点声源A2到听音位置的声程。因此，假设点声源A1和点声源A2具有相同的幅值，则相比于没有设置挡板的情况，点声源A1和点声源A2在听音位置的声波的幅值差增大，从而两路声音在听音位置进行相消的程度减少，使得听音位置的音量增大。在远场，由于点声源A1和点声源A2产生的声波在较大的空间范围内都不需要绕过挡板就可以发生干涉(类似于无挡板情形)，则相比于没有挡板的情况，远场的漏音不会明显增加。因此，在点声源A1和点声源A2的其中一个声源周围设置挡板结构，可以在远场漏音音量不显著增加的情况下，显著提升近场听音位置的音量。
如图17所示，耳挂1202和发声部1201在第一平面形成第五投影，第五投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓。与图3中耳机10结构类似，第五投影中的第一端部轮廓可以是发声部1201的末端FE在第一平面上的投影轮廓，第一端部轮廓的两个端点P0和P1即为末端FE与发声部1201其它部分交界位置在第一平面的投影点。第二端部轮廓可以是悬挂结构1202的自由端BE在第一平面上的投影轮廓，第二端部轮廓的两个端点Q0和Q1即为自由端BE与悬挂结构12其它部分交界位置在第一平面的投影点。外轮廓可以是第一投影位于点P1与点Q1之间的轮廓。内轮廓可以是第五投影位于点P0与点Q0之间的轮廓。关于末端FE和悬挂结构1202的自由端BE的划分可以参见耳机10的相关描述(如本说明书图3和图5相关描述)。
以发声部1201在第一平面上的投影为类长方形(例如，跑道形)为例，发声部1201的投影中存在平行或近似平行的上侧壁投影和下侧壁投影，以及连接上侧壁投影和下侧壁投影的第一端部轮廓，第一端部轮廓可以是直线段或圆弧，点P0和点P1分别表示第一端部轮廓两端。仅作为示例，点P0可以是发声部1201自由端投影形成的弧线与上侧壁投影的线段的交界点，与点P0类似，点P1可以是发声部1201自由端投影的弧线与下侧壁投影的线段的交界点。相似的，耳挂1202远离发声部1201的一端也具有自由端，耳挂1202的自由端在第一平面的投影形成第二端部轮廓，第二端部轮廓可以是直线段或圆弧，点Q0和点Q1分别表示第二端部轮廓两端。在一些实施例中，点Q0和点Q1可以是耳挂1202的第一部分在第一平面上远离耳挂第二部分的方向上的自由端投影的线段或弧线的两端点，进一步地，在发声部1201的长轴方向Y上，靠近发声部1201的端点为点Q0，远离发声部1201的端点为Q1。
如图15所示，耳机1200在第一平面和人体矢状面的投影形状能够反映耳机1200在耳部的佩戴方式。例如，第一投影的面积可以反映耳机1200在佩戴状态下能够覆盖的耳廓的区域，以及发声部1201和耳挂1202与耳部的接触方式。在一些实施例中，由于发声部1201与耳挂1202的第一部分并未接触，第一投影中内轮廓、外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓形成一个非封闭的区域。该区域的大小与耳机1200的佩戴效果(例如，佩戴的稳定性、发声位置等)密切相关。为了方便理解，在一些实施例中，可以确定连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段1250，将切线段1250、外轮廓、第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓共同界定出的第五封闭曲线围成的面积作为第五投影的面积(也称为“第五面积”)。
在一些实施例中，耳机1200与图5所示的耳机10的不同之处包括：耳机1200的发声部1201在佩戴状态下位于用户对耳轮105处，因此，第五面积的范围小于第一面积。在一些实施例中，第五面积可以为第一面积的0.2倍～0.6倍。在一些实施例中，第五面积可以为第一面积的0.3倍～0.5倍。第五封闭曲线的第五面积的范围可以在250mm2～1000mm2之间。为保证发声部1201的发声效率以及夹紧力的适中，避免耳机1200在佩戴时产生的异物感，第五封闭曲线的第五面积的范围在400mm2～800mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，为保证用户在佩戴耳机1200时，发声部1201靠近对耳轮位置，同时也降低用户在佩戴时的负荷，便于用户的日常佩戴时获取环境音或日常交流。在一些实施例中，耳机1200在非佩戴状态下，发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积与第五面积的比值在0.3～0.85之间，在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积与第五面积的比值在0.4～0.75之间。
在发声部1201的至少部分覆盖用户对耳轮的佩戴方式下，由于发声部1201不伸入用户的耳甲腔，发声部1201与人体矢状面之间的夹角相较于图3中所示的耳机中发声部11的至少部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式会略小一些，因此，在发声部1201的至少部分覆盖用户对耳轮区域的佩戴方式下，图15所示的耳机中发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积相较于至少部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下的发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影面积略大一些，例如，在一些实施例中，在佩戴状态下，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积可以为236mm2～565mm2。在一些实施例中，为了避免发声部1201的投影面积过小而导致其产生的挡板作用过差，同时避免发声部1201的投影面积过大覆盖耳道口而影响用户获取外界环境中的声音，在佩戴状态下，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积可以介于250mm2～550mm2之间。在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积可以为320mm2～410mm2。
同时参考图3和图15，在一些实施例中，发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积相较于耳机10中发声部11在人体矢状面上的投影面积略大一些，耳机1200在第一平面上的投影面积相较于耳机10在第一平面上的投影面积略大。在一些实施例中，耳机1200在第一平面上的投影面积的范围在550mm2～1220mm2之间。进一步地，耳机1200在第一平面上的投影面积的范围在650mm2～1050mm2之间，以保证耳机1200佩戴的舒适性。
在一些实施例中，发声部1201的至少部分覆盖用户对耳轮的佩戴方式下，可以使得发声部1201可以在较小体积下，发声部1201也能在听音位置提供较高的听音音量。同时，为了避免发声部1201的投影面积过小而导致其产生的挡板作用小，在非佩戴状态下，发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机1200在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.33～0.69之间。在一些实施例中，发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积可以介于250mm2～550mm2之间，且发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机1200在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.4～0.65之间。在一些实施例中，发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积可以为320mm2～410mm2，且发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与耳机1200在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.44～0.62之间，以提高发声部的发声效率。
考虑到不同用户耳部形状和大小的差异，通过设计发声部1201的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积之间的相对大小，可以有效提升耳机的佩戴效果。在一些实施例中，耳机在非佩戴状态下，发声部1201在第一平面的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.17～0.35之间。需要说明的是，该比值是基于耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的均值范围作为参考，该均值范围在1300mm2～1700mm2的范围内，对于一些用户来说，由于用户的个体差异性耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积可能会小于1300mm2或大于1700mm2，在该情况下，发声部1201在第一平面的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值可能大于0.35或小于0.17，例如，发声部1201在第一平面的投影面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.12～0.39之间。
图17是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机1200在佩戴状态和非佩戴状态下的形态差异。虚线区域表示佩戴状态下耳挂的第一部分，其相比于非佩戴状态下耳挂的第一部分距离发声部1201自由端的距离更远。在佩戴状态下，耳挂1202和发声部1201在人体矢状面形成第六投影，类似于图中所示的第五投影，第六投影也包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、第二端部轮廓以及连接第一端部轮廓和第二端部轮廓的切线段1250共同界定出第二封闭曲线。如前文所描述，耳机1200在第一平面投影形成的投影形状接近耳机1200在人体矢状面投影形成的投影形状，因此，在第六投影中，仍然可以采用未佩戴状态下的轮廓边界点，即点P0、点P1、点Q0和点Q1来描述第二投影中各个轮廓的划分。又也就是说，第六投影中的外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓以及切线段1250的定义均与第五轮廓类似，在此不在赘述。第六封闭曲线围成的面积视为第六投影的面积(也称为“第六面积”)。在一些实施例中，第六面积可以反应耳机1200在佩戴状态下与用户耳部的贴合情况。
第五面积与第六面积的比值过大可能会造成夹持用户耳廓的夹紧力过小，进而导致佩戴不稳，而第五面积与第六面积的比值过小，可能导致耳挂部分弹性较差，不便于用户佩戴，且佩戴后耳部有异物感。因此，在一些实施例中，为了保证耳挂1202适当的弹性，第五面积与第六面积的比值范围在0.6～0.98之间，在一些实施例中，由于发声部1201与耳挂1202无需如图5所示的耳机10夹持在耳廓，因此，在一些实施例中，第五面积与第六面积的比值范围在0.75～0.95之间。
基于与第五面积类似的理由，适当的第六面积可以保证耳机1200在听音位置(例如，对耳轮处)的听音音量，同时保持较好的远场漏音相消的效果。在一些实施例中，第六面积的范围在400mm2～1100mm2之间。在一些实施例中，考虑耳挂1202的弹性，第六面积的范围在500mm2～900mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，基于上述第五面积与第六面积的关系，发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与第六封闭曲线的第六面积的比值略小于发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与第五封闭曲线的第五面积的比值，则发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与第六面积的比值在0.35～0.75之间。同时为了保证耳机良好的听音效果，发声部1201的投影面积与第六面积的比值在0.38～0.66之间。
图18是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部1201的至少部分覆盖对耳轮区域的佩戴方式下，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影在不同重叠比例时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。在图18中，横坐标表示频率(单位：Hz)，纵坐标表示测取的耳道口处在不同频率下的声压级(单位dB)。由图18可知，在具体实验中，由于发声部1201的三维结构和整体尺寸一定，为了保证发声部1201的投影面积为定值，这里是通过沿矢状轴和/或垂直轴方向进行平移的方式来获取不同覆盖比例的实验数值。通过平移的方式会使得发声部1201相对于对耳轮区域的位置发生改变，相对应地，发声部1201与对耳轮区域所形成的挡板的作用会被削弱。在佩戴状态下，出声孔通常设置在发声部1201靠近或朝向耳道口的侧壁上，此时如果发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例越大，意味着发声部1201的出声孔通常会更加靠近耳道口，因此即使对耳轮区域和发声部1201起到的挡板作用削弱，耳道口处的听音音量也可以得到提升。继续参考图18，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例在不小于11.82％时，相较于重叠比例小于11.82％时，耳道口处的听音音量具有显著的提升，也即发声部1201在同时覆盖部分耳甲腔和对耳轮区域的情况下也可以产生更好的频率响应。基于此，在一些实施例中，为了提高用户佩戴耳机时具有较好的听音效果，发声部1201在覆盖对耳轮的同时还需要满足在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在该矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不小于11.82％。进一步地，在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在该矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以不小于31.83％。考虑到发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠比例过大，发声部1201会覆盖耳道口，无法使耳道口保持充分开放的状态，影响用户获取外界环境中的声音。较为进一步地，在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在该矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为11.82％～62.50％。进一步地，在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在该矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为31.83％～50.07％。更为进一步地，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在该矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例可以为35.55％～45％。需要说明的是，关于本说明书实施例中的测取发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在该矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例对应的频响曲线是在发声部1201的佩戴角度(上侧壁或下侧壁与水平方向的夹角，例如，上侧壁与水平方向的夹角为0°)以及发声部1201的尺寸一定时，通过改变发声部1201的佩戴位置(例如，沿矢状轴或垂直轴方向平移)来测取的。
在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与用户耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例增大可以得到更高的发声效率，在此基础上，可以适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸，进而可以降低第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。在一些实施例中，为了保证耳机10具有至少部分覆盖对耳轮的佩戴方式，且发声部1201具有较高的发声效率和佩戴的舒适性，可以使得发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与第六面积的比值在0.35～0.75之间。进一步地，为了确保耳机1200的佩戴舒适度，发声部1201在第一平面上的投影面积与第六面积的比值在0.35～0.62之间。
在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠面积与发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例能够体现发声部1201整体相对于耳甲腔的位置，进而与发声部1201的发声效率相关。在一些实施例中，为了使耳机在不堵塞用户耳道口的前提下，保证用户佩戴耳机的稳定性和舒适性以及具有较好的发声效率，发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠面积与发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于10.6％。在一些实施例中，为了进一步提高耳机的舒适性，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影的重叠面积与发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于11.18％。进一步地，当适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸后，第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间，且发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠面积与发声部1201在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于13.68％，以保证发声部至少部分覆盖对耳轮佩戴方式下的听音效果。
图19A～图19E是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图。参照图19A、图19D和图19E，在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影可以位于耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影和耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面的投影之间的区域内，也就是说，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影的中点位于耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影和耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影之间。如图19D所示，在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE可以抵靠耳甲腔102的边缘，发声部1201的固定端可以位于耳屏前侧，发声部1201的至少部分可以覆盖用户的耳甲腔102。如图19E所示，在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影的中点可以位于耳甲腔102在人体矢状面的投影区域内，发声部1201的固定端在人体矢状面的投影可以位于用户耳廓在人体矢状面的投影区域外。
参照图19B和图19C，在一些实施例中，佩戴状态下发声部1201的上侧壁111或下侧壁112也可以相对于水平面呈一定角度的倾斜。如图19B所示，在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE可以相对发声部1201的固定端向耳廓顶部的区域倾斜，发声部1201的末端FE可以抵靠在耳廓的内轮廓1014。如图19C所示，在一些实施例中，发声部1201的固定端可以相对发声部1201的末端FE向耳廓顶部的区域倾斜，发声部1201的末端FE可以位于耳甲腔102的边缘和耳廓的内轮廓1014之间，也就是说，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影的中点C3位于耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影和耳甲腔102的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影之间。
可以理解，在用户佩戴时，若发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3相对耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离过大，会导致发声部1201的末端FE无法抵靠在耳廓的内轮廓1014处，也就导致无法对发声部1201起到限位的作用，容易发生脱落。此外，第一投影的形心O与第二投影的边界的某个区域的点的距离过大，发声部1201的末端FE相对耳廓的内轮廓1014之间可能具有间隙，出声孔发出的声音和泄压孔发出的声音会在发声部1201的末端FE与耳廓的内轮廓1014之间的区域发生声短路，导致用户耳道口处的听音音量降低，而发声部1201的末端FE与耳廓的内轮廓1014之间的区域越大，声短路现象越明显。需要说明的是，耳廓的内轮廓1014可以是指耳轮的内壁，对应地，耳廓的外轮廓可以是指耳轮的外壁。在一些实施例中，为了使耳机具有较好的佩戴稳定性，可以使发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3相对耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离不大于8mm。进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3相对耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为0mm～6mm。较为进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3相对耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为0mm～5.5mm。在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3相对耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为0，当该距离等于0时，表示发声部1201的末端FE与耳廓的内轮廓1014相抵靠，此时发声部1201在佩戴状态下与耳廓的内轮廓1014相抵靠，从而提高耳机佩戴时的稳定性。此外，可以使得发声部1201的末端FE与耳廓的内轮廓1014之间的区域尽量减小，以减小发声部1201周围的声短路区域，从而提高用户耳道口的听音音量。需要说明的是，在具体场景中，还可以是发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影中除了中点C3之外的其他点与耳廓的内轮廓1014边缘抵靠，此时发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为大于0mm。在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为2mm～10mm。进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为4mm～8mm。
还需要说明的是，在本说明书中，发声部1201的末端FE指发声部1201中远离发声部1201与耳挂的连接处的一端，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影为曲线或折线时，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3可以通过下述示例性的方法进行选取，可以选取末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的始端点和终端点做一条线段，选取该线段上的中点做中垂线，该中垂线与该投影相交的点即为发声部1201的末端在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3。在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE为曲面时，还可以选取其投影上与短轴方向Z平行的切线所在的切点作为发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点。
另外，在本说明书中的一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以指发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影区域的最小距离。或者，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以指发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影在矢状轴的距离。
发声部1201与对耳轮区域所形成的挡板的长度与发声部1201的末端FE与在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离范围相关，例如，发声部1201的末端FE与在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离越小，发声部1201与对耳轮区域所形成的挡板的长度越长，出声孔和泄压孔到外耳道101的声程差越大，外耳道101处接收到的声音强度也就越大。
在一些实施例中，发声部1201的形状可以为长方体、类长方体(例如，跑道形)、圆柱体等规则形状或其他不规则形状。参照图19A、图19D和图19E，在一些实施例中，当发声部1201为类长方体结构时，其在佩戴状态下发声部1201的上侧壁111或下侧壁112可以相对水平方向平行或近似平行。此时，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离范围为0mm～18mm。示例性地，当采用如图19A所示的佩戴方式时，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为0mm～11mm；当采用如图19D所示的佩戴方式时，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为3mm～12mm；当采用如图19E所示的佩戴方式时，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为8mm～12mm。在一些实施例中，当耳机处于佩戴状态时，发声部1201的末端FE可以抵靠在耳廓的内轮廓1014处，同时，耳挂可以贴合在用户耳部的后侧，从而使得发声部1201和耳挂相配合从前后两侧对用户的耳部进行夹持，增加防止耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力，提高耳机10的佩戴稳定性。
继续参照图19B和图19C，在一些实施例中，发声部1201的上侧壁111或下侧壁112相对于水平面也可以呈一定角度的倾斜，但是，当发声部1201的上侧壁111或下侧壁112相对于水平面倾斜角度过大时，则会导致发声部1201伸出用户的耳廓，引起佩戴不适和佩戴不稳定的问题。因此，为了保证发声部1201覆盖对耳轮区域的面积，使耳道口处具有较好的声音强度，同时确保耳机具有较好的佩戴稳定性和舒适度，当采用如图19B和图19C所示的佩戴方式进行佩戴时，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳廓的内轮廓1014在人体矢状面的投影的距离范围为0mm～15mm。
需要注意的是，图15所示的耳机的发声部1201也可以不覆盖对耳轮区域，例如图19E所示的佩戴位置，此时发声部1201并不伸入耳甲腔中，而是朝向用户耳部外侧的侧壁相对用户的耳甲腔悬空设置，即发声部1201自身起到挡板的作用，发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠比例越大意味着发声部1201的出声孔越靠近耳道口，用户耳道口的听音音量也就越大。这里发声部1201末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离与发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠比例呈正相关，进一步地，发声部1201的出声孔相对耳道口的位置与发声部1201末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离呈正相关。以下结合图20进行具体说明。
图20示出了图19E中发声部1201末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。参照图20，其中，横坐标表示频率(单位：Hz)，纵坐标表示不同频率时耳道口处的声压级(单位：dB)，曲线1801为发声部1201的末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离为0时所对应的频响曲线，曲线1802为发声部1201的末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离为3.72mm时所对应的频响曲线，曲线1803为发声部1201的末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离为10.34mm时所对应的频响曲线。根据图20可以看出，当发声部1201的末端在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离为0mm和3.72mm时的频率响应优于10.34mm时的频率响应。基于此，在一些实施例中，为了保证耳机10具有较好的听音效果，可以使发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离不大于10.34mm。进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～7mm。较为进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～5mm。较为进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的距离可以为0mm～3.72mm。需要说明的是，在具体场景中，还可以是发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面的投影中除了中点C3之外的其他点与耳甲腔边缘抵靠，此时发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为大于0mm。在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为2mm～7mm。进一步地，发声部1201的末端FE在人体矢状面上的投影的中点C3与耳甲腔边缘在人体矢状面的投影的距离可以为2mm～3.74mm。要说明的是，关于本说明书实施例中测取的发声部1201的末端FE与在人体矢状面上的投影的中点与耳甲腔的边缘在人体矢状面上的投影的不同距离对应的频响曲线是在发声部1201的佩戴角度(上侧壁或下侧壁与水平方向的夹角，例如，上侧壁与水平方向的夹角为0°)、以及长轴方向的尺寸、短轴方向和厚度方向的尺寸一定时，通过改变发声部1201的佩戴位置(例如，沿矢状轴方向平移)来测取的。
在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端的投影与耳甲腔的边缘的投影的距离位于合适范围内，可以得到更高的发声效率，在此基础上，可以适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸，进而可以降低第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。在一些实施例中，发声部1201的末端的投影与耳甲腔的边缘的投影的距离不大于8mm，且第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间。进一步地，为了使得发声部11能够与耳甲腔形成更为理想的类腔体结构，可以使得发声部1201的末端的投影与耳甲腔的边缘的投影的距离可以为0mm～5.5mm，且第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.35～0.46之间，以保证发声部至少部分覆盖对耳轮佩戴方式下的听音效果。
继续参照图19A～图19C，在发声部1201和用户耳廓的尺寸一定、且发声部1201在佩戴状态下相对于水平方向的倾角一定的情况下，发声部1201在人体矢状面的第一投影的形心O与耳道口(例如图19A～图19E中所示的虚线区域1016)在人体矢状面的投影的形心Q之间的距离会影响发声部1201与对耳轮区域形成的挡板作用以及发声部1201的出声孔相对耳道口的位置，最终影响耳道口处的声音强度。例如，发声部1201在人体矢状面的第一投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心Q之间的距离越小，发声部1201与对耳轮区域的接触区域越小，发声部1201与对耳轮区域形成的挡板作用越弱，但是此时发声部1201在人体矢状面的第一投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠比例增大意味着发声部1201的出声孔会更加靠近耳道口，同样可以起到提高耳道口处的听音效果。因此，在发声部1201的整体体积和佩戴方式一定的前提下，对于发声部1201在人体矢状面的第一投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心Q之间的距离也需要重点考虑。
图21A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的发声部1201不伸入耳甲腔时的佩戴场景时发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图，图21B是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的发声部1201不伸入耳甲腔时的佩戴场景时发声部1201的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心在不同距离时所对应的示例性频响曲线示意图。
参照图21A，其中，横坐标为发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例，纵坐标为不同重叠比例所对应的耳道口处的声音的声压级，直线1601表示在频率为500Hz时，第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与耳道口处的声压级进行模拟的线性关系；直线1602表示在频率为1kHz时，第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与耳道口处的声压级进行模拟的线性关系；直线1603表示在频率为3kHz时，第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与耳道口处的声压级进行模拟的线性关系。图21A中的空心圆形点表示频率为500Hz时第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例的情况下所对应的测试数据；图21A中的黑色圆形点表示频率为1kHz时第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例的情况下所对应的测试数据；图21A中的灰度值较浅的圆形点表示频率为3kHz时第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积在不同重叠比例的情况下所对应的测试数据。根据图21A可以看出，不同频率下，第一投影的面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例与用户耳道口处的声压级大小呈近似线性变化，当发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例大于10％时，在耳道口处测取特定频率(例如，500Hz、1kHz、3kHz)的声音相对于发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积不具有重叠比例(重叠比例为0)时具有明显的提升。另外，由于发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例过大时可能会影响耳道口的开放状态，进而影响用户获取外界环境中的声音，因此，发声部1201的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不宜过大，例如，声部11在人体的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不大于62％。基于此，为了保证发声部1201的声学输出质量，可以使发声部1201的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例介于10％～60％之间。进一步地，发声部1201的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例可以介于10％～45％之间。较为进一步地，发声部1201的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例可以介于11.82％～40％之间。进一步地，发声部1201的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例可以介于18％～38％之间。更为进一步地，发声部1201的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠比例可以介于25％～38％之间。
参照图21B，其中，横坐标为发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离，纵坐标为不同距离所对应的耳道口处的声音的频率响应声压级。直线1604表示理想状态下在频率为500Hz时，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离与耳道口处的声压级的线性关系；直线1605表示在频率为1kHz时，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离与耳道口处的声压级的线性关系；直线1606表示在频率为3kHz时，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离与耳道口处的声压级的线性关系。图21B中的空心圆形点表示频率为500Hz时发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q在不同距离的情况下所对应的测试数据；图21B中的黑色圆形点表示频率为1kHz时发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q在不同距离的情况下所对应的测试数据；图21B中的灰度值较浅的圆形点表示频率为3kHz时发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q在不同距离的情况下所对应的测试数据。根据图21B可以看出，不同频率下，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离与用户耳道口处的声压级大小近似呈负相关，从整体来看，在耳道口处测取特定频率(例如，500Hz、1kHz、3kHz)的声音的声压级随着发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离的增大呈下降趋势，这里结合图21A和图21B，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离越大，发声部1201的投影面积与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例越小。该重叠比例会影响发声部1201的出声孔与耳道口之间相对位置。例如，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离越大，重叠比例越大，此时发声部1201的出声孔越靠近耳道口，耳道口处的听音效果也就越好。此外，当发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离过小时，发声部1201的投影面积与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例过大，发声部1201可能覆盖用户耳道口，影响用户获取外界环境中的声音信息。根据图21B可以看出，以频率为3kHz作为示例，当发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离为4mm、5.8mm、12mm时测取的耳道口处的声压级分别为～73dB、～76dB和～82dB，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离为17mm、22mm时测取的耳道口处的声压级分别为～85dB和～83dB。由此可知，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q的距离不宜过大。在一些实施例中，为了使耳机在佩戴状态下具有较好的声学输出质量(例如，在耳道口处的声压级大于～82dB)以及保证用户可以接收到外界环境中的声音信息，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离可以为3mm～13mm。进一步地，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离可以为4mm～10mm。进一步地，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离可以为4mm～7mm。进一步地，发声部1201的投影的形心O与耳道口在人体矢状面上的投影的形心Q之间的距离可以为4mm～6mm。
在一些实施例中，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离位于合适范围内，可以得到更高的发声效率。在此基础上，可以适当减小换能器或电池的尺寸，进而可以降低第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值。在一些实施例中，为了使得发声部11能够与耳甲腔形成更为理想的类腔体结构，可以使得发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离范围可以在4mm～7mm之间，且第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间。进一步地，发声部1201在人体矢状面的投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离范围可以在4mm～6mm之间，第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.32～0.45之间，此时，在发声部1201的至少部分与对耳轮区域形成挡板，更有利于增大耳道处的声音强度，保证听音效果。
需要说明的是，关于本说明书实施例中测取的不同重叠比例对应的频响曲线和第一投影的形心与耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心对应的频响曲线是在发声部1201的佩戴角度(上侧壁或下侧壁与水平方向的夹角，例如，上侧壁与水平方向的夹角为0°)、以及长轴方向的尺寸、短轴方向和厚度方向的尺寸一定时，通过改变发声部1201的佩戴位置(例如，沿矢状轴方向平移)来测取的。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本说明书的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本说明书进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本说明书中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本说明书示范实施例的精神和范围。
本申请记载的具体实施方式仅为示例性的，具体实施方式中的一个或者多个技术特征是可选的或者附加的，并非构成本申请发明构思的必要技术特征。换言之，本申请的保护范围涵盖并远大于具体实施方式。
同时，本说明书使用了特定词语来描述本说明书的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本说明书至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本说明书的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本说明书披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本说明书实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本说明书对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
最后，应当理解的是，本说明书中所述实施例仅用以说明本说明书实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本说明书的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本说明书实施例的替代配置可视为与本说明书的教导一致。相应地，本说明书的实施例不仅限于本说明书明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，所述发声部至少部分插入耳甲腔；
    耳挂，所述耳挂挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，且向所述耳廓背离头部的一侧延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部佩戴于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置；
    其中，在非佩戴状态下，所述耳挂和所述发声部在第一平面形成第一投影，所述第一投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且所述第一投影的所述外轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第一封闭曲线，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第一封闭曲线的第一面积的比值在0.25～0.4之间。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述第一面积的范围在1000mm2～1500mm2之间，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积范围在202mm2～560mm2之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述第一面积的范围在1150mm2～1350mm2之间，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积范围在330mm2～440mm2之间。
  4. 如权利要求1～3中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在非佩戴状态下，所述内轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第三封闭曲线，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第三封闭曲线的第三面积的范围的比值在0.67～1.06之间。
  5. 如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在非佩戴状态下，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述耳机在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.35～0.59之间。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的耳机，其特征在于：在非佩戴状态下，所述耳机在第一平面上的投影面积的范围在650mm2～970mm2之间。
  7. 如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：
    在佩戴状态下，所述耳挂和所述发声部在人体矢状面形成第二投影，所述第二投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且所述外轮廓、所述第二投影的所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第二封闭曲线；
    所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第二封闭曲线的第二面积的比值在0.2～0.35之间。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述第二投影的所述内轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第四封闭曲线；
    所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第四封闭曲线的第四面积的比值在0.51～0.72之间。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.15～0.33之间。
  10. 如权利要求7～9中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部在人体矢状面上的投影面积与所述耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影面积的重叠比例不小于44.01％；
    所述第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间。
  11. 如权利要求7～10中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部在人体矢状面上的投影与所述耳甲腔在人体矢状面上的投影的重叠面积与发声部在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于42.16％；
    所述第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间。
  12. 如权利要求7～11中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部的末端在所述矢状面的投影与所述耳甲腔的边缘在所述矢状面的投影的距离不大于16mm；
    所述第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间。
  13. 如权利要求7～11中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部在人体矢状面的投影的形心与所述耳道口在人体矢状面的投影的形心的距离范围为8mm～12mm；
    所述第二面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.8～1.1之间。
  14. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，所述发声部至少部分覆盖对耳轮区域；
    耳挂，所述耳挂挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，且向所述耳廓背离头部的一侧延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部佩戴于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置；
    其中，在非佩戴状态下，所述耳挂和所述发声部在第一平面形成第五投影，所述第五投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且所述第五投影的所述外轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第五封闭曲线；
    所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第五封闭曲线的第五面积的比值在0.4～0.75之间。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述第五面积的范围在400mm2～800mm2之间，所述发声部在第一平面上的投面积范围在236mm2～565mm2之间。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的耳机，其特征在于：在非佩戴状态下，所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述耳机在第一平面上的投影面积的比值在0.4～0.65之间。
  17. 如权利要求14～16中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.17～0.35之间。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的耳机，其特征在于：在非佩戴状态下，所述耳机在第一平面上的投影面积的范围在650mm2～1050mm2之间。
  19. 如权利要求14～18中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述耳挂和所述发声部在第一平面形成第六投影，所述第六投影包括外轮廓、第一端部轮廓、内轮廓和第二端部轮廓，且所述第六投影的所述外轮廓、所述第一端部轮廓、所述第二端部轮廓以及连接所述第一端部轮廓和所述第二端部轮廓的切线段共同界定出第六封闭曲线；
    所述发声部在第一平面上的投影面积与所述第六封闭曲线的第六面积的比值在0.35～0.75之间。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部在人体矢状面的投影面积与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影面积的重叠比例不小于11.82％；
    所述第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间。
  21. 如权利要求19或20所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部在人体矢状面的投影与耳甲腔在人体矢状面的投影的重叠面积与发声部在人体矢状面上的投影面积比例不小于11.18％；
    所述第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间。
  22. 如权利要求19～21中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部的末端在人体矢状面的投影与所述耳廓的内轮廓在人体矢状面的投影的距离不大于8mm；
    所述第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间。
  23. 如权利要求19～22中任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于：在佩戴状态下，所述发声部在人体矢状面的投影的形心与所述耳道口在体矢状面的投影的形心的距离范围为4mm～7mm；
    所述第六面积与耳廓在人体矢状面上的投影面积的比值在0.3～0.5之间。
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