WO2024087365A1 - 一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉 - Google Patents

一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087365A1
WO2024087365A1 PCT/CN2022/140860 CN2022140860W WO2024087365A1 WO 2024087365 A1 WO2024087365 A1 WO 2024087365A1 CN 2022140860 W CN2022140860 W CN 2022140860W WO 2024087365 A1 WO2024087365 A1 WO 2024087365A1
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Prior art keywords
furnace body
ammonia
furnace
section
hot water
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PCT/CN2022/140860
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王守国
柏钦庆
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王守国
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Priority claimed from CN202222795852.7U external-priority patent/CN218210063U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202211300173.6A external-priority patent/CN115507544A/zh
Application filed by 王守国 filed Critical 王守国
Publication of WO2024087365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087365A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
    • F24H9/1836—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot water heating furnace based on ammonia combustion, belonging to the technical field of heating furnaces.
  • a heating furnace is a device that heats a medium to a certain temperature.
  • the heating furnace can use an electric heating tube as a heat source, or it can use the combustion heat generated by the combustion of fuel as a heat source.
  • both heating methods have certain disadvantages.
  • the energy consumption of heating with electric heating tubes is high, and ordinary fuels will produce greenhouse gases that are harmful to the environment when burned.
  • ammonia can only produce nitrogen and water, and will not produce greenhouse gases. Therefore, ammonia has the potential to be used as a clean fuel, but in actual application, it is found that the water produced by the combustion of ammonia will affect its combustion process, limiting the use of ammonia as a fuel for heating furnaces.
  • the principle of the plasma ignition device which is currently widely used, is to generate plasma with a high-power electric arc to ignite the fuel.
  • the anode and cathode that generate the arc will generate high temperatures during the operation process, so the electrodes must be cooled.
  • the electrodes cannot work for a long time under the premise of cooling. After the fuel is burned normally, the power supply of the arc ignition device must be cut off. Therefore, the current plasma ignition device cannot achieve continuous ionization and combustion of ammonia.
  • the present invention provides a hot water heating furnace based on ammonia combustion, which has high energy utilization rate and low electrode loss.
  • a hot water heating furnace based on ammonia combustion comprising a furnace body made of metal, the furnace body being grounded, the furnace body comprising an inclined furnace body section and a vertical furnace body section connected to each other, the inner wall of the inclined furnace body section being inclined downward from the furnace mouth thereof to the connection part thereof with the vertical furnace body section, and the lowest part of the inclined furnace body section being connected to a drain pipe;
  • a combustion air flow channel is formed in the furnace body, and a water flow jacket is formed on the side wall of the furnace body;
  • a columnar high-frequency high-voltage electrode is installed in an insulated and sealed manner on the inner side of the furnace opening of the inclined section furnace body, and an annular cavity is formed between the high-frequency high-voltage electrode and the inner wall of the inclined section furnace body;
  • the furnace mouth of the inclined section furnace body is provided with ammonia and air introduction holes communicated with the annular cavity.
  • a metal sleeve is installed in the furnace mouth of the inclined section furnace body, the outer diameter of the sleeve is loosely matched with the inner diameter of the inclined section furnace body, the front port of the sleeve is seal-welded to the furnace mouth, and a necking section is formed at the rear end of the sleeve to form a stepped annular cavity between the high-frequency high-voltage electrode and the sleeve; the high-frequency high-voltage electrode is connected to the front port of the sleeve via an insulating seal.
  • annular magnet is sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve.
  • the ammonia and air inlet holes are opened along the tangent direction of the furnace mouth cross section, and the ammonia and air inlet holes are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction.
  • the central axis of the water flow jacket on the outer side of the inclined section furnace body is offset upward relative to the central axis of the inclined section furnace body.
  • the combustion air flow channel in the vertical section furnace body passes through a honeycomb heat exchange tube, the lower tube opening of the honeycomb gap of the heat exchange tube is connected to the combustion air flow channel of the inclined section furnace body, and the upper tube opening of the honeycomb gap of the heat exchange tube is connected to the external exhaust pipe.
  • the outer side of the furnace body is wrapped with a heat-insulating layer.
  • a temperature sensor is installed on the water flow jacket, flow control valves are respectively provided on the pipes for introducing ammonia and air, an ammonia alarm is provided at the pipe mouth of the external exhaust pipe, and the power supply of the temperature sensor, ammonia alarm, flow control valve and high-frequency high-voltage electrode is controlled by a PLC controller.
  • the working peak-to-peak voltage of the high-frequency high-voltage electrode is 1-15 kV
  • the power is 0.3-1 kW
  • the inlet flow rates of ammonia and air are 1-2 m 3 /h and 0.5-2 m 3 /h, respectively.
  • the high voltage generated by the high-frequency high-voltage electrode in the furnace mouth dissociates, excites and ionizes the passing ammonia to form ammonia plasma, and the ammonia plasma contacts with oxygen to cause an oxidation reaction of the mixed gas, thereby realizing the combustion of ammonia.
  • the combustion gas heats the water in the water flow jacket during the flow in the furnace body, thereby achieving the purpose of heating hot water. There is no carbon emission during the combustion of ammonia, and no greenhouse gas is generated.
  • the ionization breakdown voltage of high-frequency and high-voltage discharge is high and the current is small, so the temperature of the electrode in the present invention is relatively low, which is conducive to reducing the loss of the electrode to extend the service life.
  • the water flow in the water flow jacket absorbs the heat of the combustion gas and is heated, and also takes away the heat generated by the high-frequency and high-voltage electrode, so as to achieve continuous operation of the high-frequency and high-voltage electrode.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hot water heating furnace based on ammonia combustion provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of various structures at the furnace mouth
  • FIG3 is a top view of a honeycomb heat exchange tube
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a specific application of a hot water heating furnace based on ammonia combustion provided by the present invention.
  • 110 inclined section of furnace body
  • 120 vertical section of furnace body
  • 200 drain pipe
  • 300 air flow channel
  • 310 heat exchange tube
  • 320 external exhaust pipe
  • 400 water flow jacket
  • 410 water inlet pipe
  • 420 water outlet pipe
  • 430 temperature sensor
  • 440 ammonia alarm
  • 500 high-frequency and high-voltage electrode
  • 510 electrode mounting seat
  • 520 power supply
  • 600 ammonia and air inlet holes
  • 800 insulation layer
  • 900 annular magnet.
  • the hot water heating furnace based on ammonia combustion comprises a furnace body made of metal, which is grounded.
  • the furnace body comprises an inclined furnace body 110 and a vertical furnace body 120 connected to each other, the inner wall of the inclined furnace body 110 is inclined downward from its furnace mouth to the connection part with the vertical furnace body 120, and the lowest part of the inclined furnace body 110 is connected to a drain pipe 200.
  • a combustion air flow channel 300 is formed in the furnace body, and a water flow jacket 400 is formed on the side wall of the furnace body.
  • the lower part and the upper part of the water flow jacket are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe 410 and a water outlet pipe 420.
  • Water is introduced into the water flow jacket 400 from the lower water inlet pipe 410, and is heated during the flow in the inclined section furnace body and the vertical section furnace body, and finally discharged from the water outlet pipe 420 at the upper part of the water flow jacket 400.
  • the water inlet pipe 410 is preferably connected to the water flow jacket outside the furnace port of the inclined section furnace body, so that water in each part of the water flow jacket can flow fully.
  • a columnar high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 is insulated and sealed in the furnace mouth of the inclined furnace body 110 , and an annular cavity is formed between the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 and the inner wall of the inclined furnace body 110 , which constitutes an arc generating area.
  • the furnace mouth of the inclined section furnace body 110 is provided with an ammonia and air introduction hole 600 communicating with the annular cavity, for introducing a mixed gas of ammonia and air into the annular cavity.
  • the hot water heating furnace provided by the present invention has a simple overall structure and is easy to maintain.
  • the annular cavity between the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 and the furnace mouth of the inclined section furnace body 110 generates a high voltage, so that the ammonia passing therethrough is dissociated, excited, and ionized to form an ammonia plasma containing a large number of highly active cations, neutral particles, and free electrons.
  • the ammonia plasma contacts oxygen to cause an oxidation reaction of the mixed gas, thereby achieving combustion of the ammonia.
  • the combustion gas is ejected from the annular cavity into the furnace body, and exchanges heat with the water flow partition wall in the water flow jacket 400 during the flow along the inclined furnace body 110 and the vertical furnace body 120, thereby increasing the water flow temperature.
  • the liquid water generated by the combustion of ammonia is collected at the bottom of the inclined furnace body 110 and discharged in time through the drain pipe 200, so as to avoid water accumulation in the furnace body affecting the operation of the furnace body.
  • the inner wall of the inclined furnace body 110 is inclined downward toward the connection portion with the vertical furnace body 120, and the combustion gas can also impact the inner wall of the inclined furnace body 110 at a certain angle, thereby disturbing the combustion gas flow, preventing the combustion gas from forming a steady flow, and improving the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the inclination angle of the inner wall of the inclined furnace body 110 is 1-5°.
  • the ionization breakdown voltage of high-frequency and high-voltage discharge is high and the current is small, so the temperature of the electrode in the present invention is relatively low, which is conducive to reducing the loss of the electrode to extend the service life.
  • the water flow in the water flow jacket absorbs the heat of the combustion gas and is heated, and also takes away the heat generated by the high-frequency and high-voltage electrode.
  • the energy utilization rate is high, the electrode loss is small, and the high-frequency and high-voltage electrode can work continuously.
  • ammonia and air inlet holes 600 are opened along the tangent direction of the furnace mouth cross section, and multiple ammonia and air inlet holes can be provided, and each ammonia and air inlet hole is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. After the airflow enters the furnace mouth along the tangent direction, it flows forward in a spiral direction, which can enhance the disturbance and make the ammonia and air flow entering the annular cavity more uniform.
  • a metal sleeve 700 is installed in the furnace mouth of the inclined section furnace body 110, the outer diameter of the sleeve 700 is loosely matched with the inner diameter of the inclined section furnace body, and the front end of the sleeve 700 is seal-welded to the furnace mouth of the inclined section furnace body 110, so that the sleeve 700 and the furnace body are grounded at the same time.
  • the rear end of the sleeve 700 is formed with a constricted section 710, so that a stepped annular cavity is formed between the high-frequency high-voltage electrode and the sleeve, which is conducive to the efficient ionization of ammonia gas in the constricted section 710, forming an ammonia plasma beam and a combustion beam.
  • the difference between the inner radius and the outer radius of the front end of the annular cavity is preferably 5-20 mm, and the difference between the inner radius and the outer radius of the constricted section 710 is preferably 1-3 mm.
  • a hole is opened on the sleeve 700 to communicate with the ammonia and air introduction hole 600 , so that ammonia and air can enter the sleeve 700 .
  • the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 is mounted on an insulating electrode mounting seat 510, and the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 is mounted at the furnace mouth through the electrode mounting seat 510, thereby achieving an insulated and sealed installation of the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 at the furnace mouth.
  • annular magnet 900 is sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve 700 to generate a magnetic field in the annular cavity to push the plasma forward and assist combustion.
  • the central axis of the water flow jacket 400 outside the inclined section furnace body 110 is offset upward relative to the central axis of the inclined section furnace body 110 so that the amount of water in the lower part is less than that in the upper part.
  • the vertical furnace body 120 is preferably configured as a honeycomb structure, so that the honeycomb gaps of the heat exchange tube 310 (a plurality of circular gaps distributed in an array in FIG3 ) constitute the combustion air flow channel of the vertical furnace body.
  • the lower pipe opening of the honeycomb gap of the heat exchange tube 310 is connected to the combustion air flow channel of the inclined furnace body 110, and the upper pipe opening of the honeycomb gap of the heat exchange tube 310 is connected to the upward external exhaust pipe 320.
  • a heat-insulating layer 800 is preferably wrapped around the outer side of the furnace body.
  • a temperature sensor 430 is installed on the water flow jacket 400, ammonia and air are transported from the gas storage tank to the ammonia and air inlets through pipelines, respectively, flow control valves are provided on the pipelines for introducing ammonia and air, respectively, and an ammonia alarm 440 is provided at the pipe mouth of the external exhaust pipe.
  • the temperature sensor 430, the ammonia alarm 440 (for monitoring the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas), the flow control valve, and the power supply 520 of the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 are controlled by a PLC controller, and the power supply parameters of the high-frequency high-voltage electrode and the flow rates of ammonia and air are adjusted by the PLC controller to obtain hot water of the required temperature.
  • the working peak-to-peak voltage of the high-frequency high-voltage electrode 500 is 1-15 kV, the power is 0.3-1 kW, and the flow rates of ammonia and air are 1-2 m 3 /h and 0.5-2 m 3 /h, respectively.
  • the generation efficiency of ammonia plasma, the working stability of the high-frequency high-voltage electrode, and the heating energy consumption can be taken into account, so as to achieve the purpose of efficiently heating hot water.
  • the specific implementation form of the heating furnace based on ammonia combustion provided by the present invention includes a box shell, a furnace body is installed on the upper part of the box shell, and a transformer and other power distribution equipment are installed on the lower part.
  • the grid voltage is connected, and the voltage with the required frequency and power is obtained through the transformer to power the high-frequency high-voltage electrode.
  • the heating furnace based on ammonia combustion provided by the present invention can be used for heating water, and can also be used for heating to obtain high-temperature water.
  • parameters such as water flow rate and heating time are calculated according to the temperature difference.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • installed can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection
  • it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication
  • it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，属于加热炉技术领域，其包括金属材质的炉体，炉体包括相互衔接的倾斜段炉体和竖直段炉体，倾斜段炉体的最低处连通有排水管；炉体的侧壁形成有水流夹套；倾斜段炉体的炉口内侧绝缘密封安装有柱状的高频高压电极。本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，高频高压电极在炉口内产生的高电压将经过的氨气离解、激发、电离形成氨气等离子体，氨气等离子体与氧气接触引起混合气的氧化反应，实现氨气的燃烧。燃烧气在炉体中流动过程中对水流夹套内的水进行加热，达到加热热水的目的，氨气燃烧过程中无碳排放，不会产生温室气体。

Description

一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，属于加热炉技术领域。
背景技术
加热炉是将介质加热至一定温度的设备，例如在对水等流体介质进行加热时，加热炉可采用电加热管作为热源，也可采用燃料燃烧产生的燃烧热作为热源。然而，这两种加热方式都存在一定的弊端，例如电加热管加热的能耗高，而普通燃料在燃烧时会产生有害环境的温室气体。氨气在合适的燃烧条件下，其产物可仅有氮气和水，不会产生温室气体，因此氨气具有作为清洁燃料的潜能，但在实际应用过程中发现，氨气燃烧产生的水会对其燃烧过程产生影响，限制了氨气作为加热炉的燃料使用。
另一方面，目前应用较多的等离子体点火装置的原理是以大功率电弧产生等离子体以点燃燃料，产生电弧的阳极和阴极在工作过程中会产生高温，因此必须要对电极进行冷却，但电极在冷却的前提下依然不能长时间工作，在燃料正常燃烧后就要切断引弧装置的电源。所以，目前的等离子体点火装置并不能实现使氨气的持续电离、燃烧。
需要说明的是，上述内容属于发明人的技术认知范畴，并不必然构成现有技术。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术所存在的问题，提供了一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，能量利用率高，电极损耗小。
本发明通过采取以下技术方案实现上述目的：
一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，包括金属材质的炉体，所述炉体接地设置，所述炉体包括相互衔接的倾斜段炉体和竖直段炉体，所述倾斜段炉体 的内壁自其炉口向其与竖直段炉体的衔接部位倾斜向下设置，所述倾斜段炉体的最低处连通有排水管；
所述炉体内形成有燃烧气流通道，所述炉体的侧壁形成有水流夹套；
所述倾斜段炉体的炉口内侧绝缘密封安装有柱状的高频高压电极，所述高频高压电极与倾斜段炉体的内壁之间形成环形空腔；
所述倾斜段炉体的炉口设置有与环形空腔连通的氨气和空气导入孔。
优选的，所述倾斜段炉体的炉口内安装有金属材质的套管，所述套管的外径与倾斜段炉体的内径间隙配合，套管的前端口与炉口密封焊接，套管的后端形成有缩口段，以使所述高频高压电极与套管之间形成阶梯状的环形空腔；所述高频高压电极与套管的前端口通过绝缘密封件连接。
优选的，所述套管的外侧套设有环形磁体。
优选的，所述氨气和空气导入孔沿炉口横截面的切线方向开设，各个氨气和空气导入孔沿圆周方向均匀布置。
优选的，所述倾斜段炉体外侧的水流夹套中心轴线相对于倾斜段炉体中心轴线向上偏移。
优选的，所述竖直段炉体内的燃烧气流通道穿过蜂窝状的换热管，所述换热管的蜂窝状间隙的下管口与倾斜段炉体的燃烧气流通道贯通，换热管的蜂窝状间隙的上管口与外排气管贯通。
优选的，所述炉体的外侧包裹有保温层。
优选的，所述水流夹套上安装有温度传感器，导入氨气和空气的管道上分别设置有流量控制阀，外排气管的管口处设置有氨气报警器，所述温度传感器、氨气报警器、流量控制阀、高频高压电极的电源通过PLC控制器控制。
优选的，所述高频高压电极的工作峰峰电压为1-15kV、功率为0.3-1kw，氨气和空气的导入流量分别为1-2m 3/h和0.5-2m 3/h。
本申请的有益效果包括但不限于：
本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，高频高压电极在炉口内产生的高电压将经过的氨气离解、激发、电离形成氨气等离子体，氨气等离子体 与氧气接触引起混合气的氧化反应，实现氨气的燃烧。燃烧气在炉体中流动过程中对水流夹套内的水进行加热，达到加热热水的目的，氨气燃烧过程中无碳排放，不会产生温室气体。
高频高压放电的电离击穿电压高，电流小，因此本发明中电极的温度相对较低，有利于降低电极的损耗以延长使用寿命。而且，水流夹套内的水流在吸收燃烧气热量被加热的同时，还起到带走高频高压电极工作产生热量的作用，实现高频高压电极的持续工作。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉的结构示意图；
图2为炉口处各结构的放大示意图；
图3为蜂窝状的换热管的俯视图；
图4为本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉的具体应用示意图。
图中，110、倾斜段炉体；120、竖直段炉体；200、排水管；300、气流通道；310、换热管；320、外排气管；400、水流夹套；410、进水管；420、出水管；430、温度传感器；440、氨气报警器；500、高频高压电极；510、电极安装座；520、电源；600、氨气和空气导入孔；700、套管；710、缩口段；800、保温层；900、环形磁体。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。
需说明，在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施。因此，本 发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
如图1中所示，本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，包括金属材质的炉体，炉体接地设置。炉体包括相互衔接的倾斜段炉体110和竖直段炉体120，倾斜段炉体110的内壁自其炉口向其与竖直段炉体120的衔接部位倾斜向下设置，倾斜段炉体110的最低处连通有排水管200。
炉体内形成有燃烧气流通道300，炉体的侧壁形成有水流夹套400。水流夹套的下部和上部分别连通有进水管410和出水管420，水流从下部的进水管410导入水流夹套400，在倾斜段炉体和竖直段炉体内流动过程中被加热，最后从水流夹套400上部的出水管420导出。其中，进水管410优选与倾斜段炉体炉口外侧的水流夹套导通，使水流夹套内各个部位的水都能充分流动起来。
倾斜段炉体110的炉口内绝缘密封安装有柱状的高频高压电极500，高频高压电极500与倾斜段炉体110的内壁之间形成环形空腔，环形空腔构成电弧产生区。
倾斜段炉体110的炉口设置有与环形空腔连通的氨气和空气导入孔600，用于将氨气和空气的混合气体导入环形空腔。
本发明提供的热水加热炉，整体结构简单，便于维护。工作时，高频高压电极500与倾斜段炉体110的炉口之间的环形空腔产生高电压，使从此经过的氨气被离解、激发、电离形成含大量高活性阳离子、中性粒子、自由电子的氨气等离子体，氨气等离子体与氧气接触引起混合气的氧化反应，实现氨气的燃烧。
燃烧气从环形空腔向炉体内喷射出，沿着倾斜段炉体110、竖直段炉体120流动过程中与水流夹套400中的水流间壁换热，使水流温度升高。而氨气燃烧产生的液态水则汇集到倾斜段炉体110的底部及时通过排水管200排出，避免炉体内积水影响炉体工作。
如图1中所示，倾斜段炉体110的内壁向其与竖直段炉体120的衔接部位倾斜向下设置还能够使燃烧气以一定夹角冲击到倾斜段炉体110的内壁， 达到扰动燃烧气流的效果，避免燃烧气形成稳态流动，提高换热效率。通常，倾斜段炉体110内壁的倾斜角度为1-5°。
高频高压放电的电离击穿电压高，电流小，因此本发明中电极的温度相对较低，有利于降低电极的损耗以延长使用寿命。而且，水流夹套内的水流在吸收燃烧气热量被加热的同时，还起到带走高频高压电极工作产生热量的作用，能量利用率高，电极损耗小，实现高频高压电极的持续工作。
进一步的，氨气和空气导入孔600沿炉口横截面的切线方向开设，并且可设置多个氨气和空气导入孔，各个氨气和空气导入孔沿圆周方向均匀布置。气流沿着切线方向进入炉口后呈螺旋方向向前流动，能够增强扰动，使进入环形内腔的氨气和空气气流更加均匀。
在其中一优选的实施方式中，倾斜段炉体110的炉口内安装有金属材质的套管700，套管700的外径与倾斜段炉体的内径间隙配合，套管700的前端口与倾斜段炉体110的炉口密封焊接，使套管700与炉体同时接地。
套管700的后端形成有缩口段710，以使所述高频高压电极与套管之间形成阶梯状的环形空腔，有利于在缩口段710进行氨气的高效电离，形成氨等离子体束流及燃烧束流喷出。环形空腔设置为阶梯状时，环形空腔的前端内半径与外半径之差优选为5-20mm，缩口段710的内半径与外半径之差优选为1-3mm。
如图2中所示，在套管700上开孔与氨气和空气导入孔600连通，使氨气和空气进入套管700内。
通常，高频高压电极500安装在绝缘的电极安装座510上，通过电极安装座510将高频高压电极500安装在炉口，实现高频高压电极500在炉口的绝缘密封安装。
在优选的实施方式中，在套管700的外侧套设有环形磁体900，用于在环形空腔内产生磁场，将等离子体向前推动，辅助燃烧。
水受热温度升高后会向上汇集，为了提高热水加热效率，在优选的实施方式中，倾斜段炉体110外侧的水流夹套400中心轴线相对于倾斜段炉体110 中心轴线向上偏移，以使下部的水量少于上部的水量。
进一步的，为了增大燃烧气在竖直段炉体120内与水流夹套内水流的换热面积，如图3中所示，优选将竖直段炉体120设置为蜂窝状的结构，使换热管310的蜂窝状间隙(图3中呈阵列分布的多个圆形间隙)构成竖直段炉体的燃烧气流通道。换热管310的蜂窝状间隙的下管口与倾斜段炉体110的燃烧气流通道贯通，换热管310的蜂窝状间隙的上管口与向上的外排气管320贯通。
进一步的，为了减少热量散失，优选在炉体的外侧包裹有保温层800。
通常，在水流夹套400上安装有温度传感器430，氨气和空气分别从储气罐通过管道输送至氨气和空气导入口，在导入氨气和空气的管道上分别设置有流量控制阀，外排气管的管口处设置有氨气报警器440，温度传感器430、氨气报警器440(用于监测排气中的氨气浓度)、流量控制阀、高频高压电极500的电源520通过PLC控制器控制，通过PLC控制器调节高频高压电极供电的电源参数以及氨气和空气的流量来获得所需温度的热水。
在其中一具体实施方式中，高频高压电极500的工作峰峰电压为1-15kV、功率为0.3-1kw，氨气和空气的导入流量分别为1-2m 3/h和0.5-2m 3/h。在此工作参数范围内，能够兼顾氨气等离子体的产生效率、高频高压电极的工作稳定性、加热能耗，达到高效加热热水的目的。
如图4中所示，为本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的加热炉的具体实施形式，包括一个箱壳，在箱壳的上部安装炉体，下部安装变压器等配电设备。操作时将电网电压接入，经过变压器获得所需频率、功率的电压对高频高压电极进行供电。
本发明提供的基于氨气燃烧的加热炉可用于采暖水加热，也可用于加热得到高温水。实际应用时，根据温差计算水的流速、加热时间等参数。
加热炉稳定工作后，经过检测，排气管排出气体的主要成分为氮气、水蒸气，符合排放标准。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连 接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，还可以是通信；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在发明的保护范围内。
本发明未详述之处，均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，包括金属材质的炉体，所述炉体接地设置，所述炉体包括相互衔接的倾斜段炉体和竖直段炉体，所述倾斜段炉体的内壁自其炉口向其与竖直段炉体的衔接部位倾斜向下设置，所述倾斜段炉体的最低处连通有排水管；
    所述炉体内形成有燃烧气流通道，所述炉体的侧壁形成有水流夹套；
    所述倾斜段炉体的炉口内侧绝缘密封安装有柱状的高频高压电极，所述高频高压电极与倾斜段炉体的内壁之间形成环形空腔；
    所述倾斜段炉体的炉口设置有与环形空腔连通的氨气和空气导入孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所述倾斜段炉体的炉口内安装有金属材质的套管，所述套管的外径与倾斜段炉体的内径间隙配合，套管的前端口与倾斜段炉体的炉口密封焊接，套管的后端形成有缩口段，以使所述高频高压电极与套管之间形成阶梯状的环形空腔；所述高频高压电极与套管的前端口通过绝缘密封件连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所述倾斜段炉体外侧的水流夹套中心轴线相对于倾斜段炉体中心轴线向上偏移。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所述氨气和空气导入孔沿炉口横截面的切线方向开设，各个氨气和空气导入孔沿圆周方向均匀布置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所述套管的外侧套设有环形磁体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所述竖直段炉体内的燃烧气流通道穿过蜂窝状的换热管，所述换热管的蜂窝状间隙的下管口与倾斜段炉体的燃烧气流通道贯通，换热管的蜂窝状间隙的上管口与向上的外排气管贯通。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所述水流夹套的下部和上部分别连通有进水管和出水管。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉，其特征在于，所 述水流夹套上安装有温度传感器，导入氨气和空气的管道上分别设置有流量控制阀，外排气管的管口处设置有氨气报警器，所述温度传感器、氨气报警器、流量控制阀、高频高压电极的电源通过PLC控制器控制。
PCT/CN2022/140860 2022-10-24 2022-12-22 一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉 WO2024087365A1 (zh)

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CN2183533Y (zh) * 1993-11-16 1994-11-23 中国科学院电工研究所 燃油或燃气的热管式热水开水炉
CN2527914Y (zh) * 2001-07-11 2002-12-25 曹国锋 组合式高效节能消烟锅炉
JP2012158781A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Jfe Steel Corp 冷鉄源の複合アーク溶解炉による溶解方法および複合アーク溶解炉
JP6864061B1 (ja) * 2019-11-11 2021-04-21 中外炉工業株式会社 熱処理装置
CN218210063U (zh) * 2022-10-24 2023-01-03 山东氨中氢新能源科技有限公司 一种基于氨气燃烧的热水加热炉

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2183533Y (zh) * 1993-11-16 1994-11-23 中国科学院电工研究所 燃油或燃气的热管式热水开水炉
CN2527914Y (zh) * 2001-07-11 2002-12-25 曹国锋 组合式高效节能消烟锅炉
JP2012158781A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Jfe Steel Corp 冷鉄源の複合アーク溶解炉による溶解方法および複合アーク溶解炉
JP6864061B1 (ja) * 2019-11-11 2021-04-21 中外炉工業株式会社 熱処理装置
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