WO2024084792A1 - 光検出装置、測距装置、および、光検出装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
光検出装置、測距装置、および、光検出装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024084792A1 WO2024084792A1 PCT/JP2023/030081 JP2023030081W WO2024084792A1 WO 2024084792 A1 WO2024084792 A1 WO 2024084792A1 JP 2023030081 W JP2023030081 W JP 2023030081W WO 2024084792 A1 WO2024084792 A1 WO 2024084792A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/703—SSIS architectures incorporating pixels for producing signals other than image signals
- H04N25/705—Pixels for depth measurement, e.g. RGBZ
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
- H04N25/772—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters
- H04N25/773—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters comprising photon counting circuits, e.g. single photon detection [SPD] or single photon avalanche diodes [SPAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F30/00—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
- H10F30/20—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H10F30/21—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H10F30/22—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes
- H10F30/225—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
Definitions
- This technology relates to a light detection device.
- it relates to a light detection device that measures the distance to an object, a distance measuring device, and a method for controlling the light detection device.
- a distance measurement method known as the ToF (Time of Flight) method has been known for some time in electronic devices with distance measurement functions.
- This ToF method measures distance by irradiating an object with light from the electronic device and determining the round-trip time it takes for the light to be reflected and return to the electronic device.
- a SPAD Single-Photon Avalanche Diode
- a photodetector has been proposed in which pixels with SPADs with large light receiving areas and pixels with SPADs with small light receiving areas are arranged (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the above-mentioned conventional technology aims to expand the dynamic range by processing signals from two types of SPADs with different light-receiving areas.
- the above-mentioned device requires that in addition to the SPAD, many other elements such as current sources and switches be placed for each pixel, making it difficult to reduce the circuit area per pixel.
- This technology was developed in light of these circumstances, and aims to reduce the circuit area in a photodetector device that has an array of multiple pixels.
- a first aspect thereof is a photodetection device and a control method thereof, which include a first detection circuit that detects the incidence of a photon based on the voltage of one of the anode and cathode of a first photoelectric conversion element during a period that does not correspond to a specified detection stop period, a second detection circuit that detects the incidence of a photon based on the voltage of one of the anode and cathode of a second photoelectric conversion element during a period that does not correspond to the above-mentioned detection stop period, and a shared circuit that controls the voltage of a gating pulse that indicates the above-mentioned detection stop period. This has the effect of reducing the circuit area per pixel.
- the first and second detection circuits may output at least one of the first and second pulse signals in accordance with a selection signal when they detect the incidence of a photon
- the shared circuit may include a gating control circuit that controls the voltage of the gating pulse, and a selection circuit that generates the selection signal and supplies it to the first and second detection circuits. This provides the effect of further reducing the circuit area.
- the gating control circuit includes a front-stage inverter that inverts the gating pulse and outputs an inverted signal, and a rear-stage inverter that inverts the inverted signal and supplies it to the first and second detection circuits, and the power supply voltages of the front-stage inverter and the rear-stage inverter may be different. This provides the effect of controlling the power supply voltage of the gating pulse.
- the gating control circuit may include an inverter that inverts the gating pulse and outputs it as an enable signal, a logic gate that performs a logical operation on the pulse signals from each of the first and second detection circuits and outputs the operation result, and a flip-flop that supplies a signal of a predetermined level to the first and second detection circuits in synchronization with the operation result when the enable signal is a predetermined value.
- the shared circuit may further include a recharge circuit that recharges one of the first and second photoelectric conversion elements, an active quench switch that connects the recharge circuit to a reference voltage during the active quench period in accordance with an active quench enable signal that indicates a predetermined active quench period, and an active quench pulse generation circuit that generates the active quench enable signal.
- the device may further include a recharge changeover switch that selects one of the first and second photoelectric conversion elements and connects it to the recharge circuit
- the recharge circuit may include an active recharge current source, a passive recharge current source, an active recharge switch that opens and closes a path between the active recharge current source and the recharge changeover switch in accordance with an active recharge enable signal, and a passive recharge switch that opens and closes a path between the passive recharge current source and the recharge changeover switch
- the shared circuit may further include an active recharge pulse generation circuit that generates the active recharge enable signal. This provides the effect of reducing instantaneous power consumption.
- the shared circuit may further include an active recharge start signal generating circuit that generates an active recharge start signal when the active quench period has elapsed or when the recharge changeover switch is switched, and the active recharge pulse generating circuit may generate the active recharge enable signal based on the active recharge start signal. This provides the effect of reducing the active quench period.
- the detection circuit may include an active recharge current source, an active recharge switch that opens and closes a path between the active recharge current source and a predetermined node in accordance with an active recharge enable signal, an active quench switch that connects the predetermined node to a reference voltage within a predetermined active quench period, and an active recharge pulse generation circuit that generates the active recharge enable signal when the detection stop period has elapsed or when the active quench period has elapsed. This provides the effect of shortening the dead time.
- the photoelectric conversion element may be a SPAD (Single-Photon Avalanche Diode). This provides the effect of detecting the incidence of photons.
- the second aspect of the present technology is a distance measuring device that includes a light-emitting unit, a first detection circuit that detects the incidence of a photon based on the voltage of one of the anode and cathode of a first photoelectric conversion element during a period that does not correspond to a predetermined detection stop period, a second detection circuit that detects the incidence of a photon based on the voltage of one of the anode and cathode of a second photoelectric conversion element during a period that does not correspond to the detection stop period, a shared circuit that controls the voltage of a gating pulse that indicates the detection stop period, and a distance measuring unit that measures distance based on the light-emitting timing of the light-emitting unit and the incidence timing of the photon detected by each of the first and second detection circuits. This provides the effect of reducing the circuit area per pixel in the distance measuring device.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a distance measuring module according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a layered structure of a light detection element according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel chip according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a circuit chip according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a plan view showing an example of a layout of circuits in a circuit block according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a pixel according to a first embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a detection circuit according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a gating circuit and a latch signal generating circuit according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of an AR pulse generating circuit, an AQ pulse generating circuit, and an output control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present technology.
- 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a shared circuit according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a pixel according to the first embodiment of the present technology. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of control of a decoder according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of an AR pulse generating circuit, an AQ pulse generating circuit, and an output control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present technology.
- 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of a signal line for transmitting a gating pulse in the first comparative example
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of a signal line that transmits a gating pulse in a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of signal lines that transmit gating pulses within a shared block in the first embodiment of the present technology
- 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of a signal line that transmits a decoded signal in a first comparative example
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of a signal line that transmits a decoded signal in the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of a signal line that transmits a gating pulse in a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of signal lines that transmit gating pulses within a shared block in the first embodiment of the present technology
- 11
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of signal lines that transmit decoded signals within a shared block in the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of signal lines for transmitting gating pulses when a shared circuit is shared by 16 pixels in the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of wiring of signal lines for transmitting decoded signals when a shared circuit is shared by 16 pixels in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a detection circuit and a shared circuit according to a first modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology;
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a detection circuit and a shared circuit according to a second modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a detection circuit according to a second embodiment of the present technology.
- 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of an AR pulse generating circuit and an AQ pulse generating circuit according to a second embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is an example of a timing chart showing active recharge control according to a second embodiment of the present technology and active recharge control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a detection circuit according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a shared circuit according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of a recharge switching control unit in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- 10 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a detection circuit in a second comparative example.
- 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a shared circuit when photons are incident on each pixel in sequence according to the third embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a shared circuit when photons are incident on two pixels almost simultaneously in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of the shared circuit in a case where photons are incident on two pixels almost simultaneously and then a photon is incident on one of the pixels in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a layout of circuits in a detection circuit in a second comparative example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a layout of circuits in a shared circuit according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a shared circuit in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of an AR start signal generating circuit in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a shared circuit when one of two pixels detects a photon in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of the shared circuit when the other of the two pixels detects a photon in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a shared circuit when one of two pixels reacts during an active quench period of the other pixel in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of the shared circuit when photons are incident on two pixels almost simultaneously and then a photon is incident on one of the pixels in the modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a shared circuit when one of two pixels reacts while the other is being recharged in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an installation position of an imaging unit.
- First embodiment (example of sharing a gating control circuit) 2.
- Second embodiment (example in which a gating control circuit is shared and active recharging is performed when a detection stop period has elapsed) 3.
- Third embodiment (example of sharing a gating control circuit, a recharge circuit, etc.) 4. Examples of applications to moving objects
- First embodiment [Example of distance measurement module configuration] 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a distance measuring module 100 according to a first embodiment of the present technology.
- the distance measuring module 100 measures the distance to an object, and includes a light emitting unit 110, a synchronization control unit 120, and a photodetector element 200.
- the distance measuring module 100 is mounted on a smartphone, a personal computer, an in-vehicle device, or the like, and is used to measure distances.
- the synchronization control unit 120 operates the light emitting unit 110 and the light detecting element 200 in synchronization.
- This synchronization control unit 120 supplies a clock signal of a predetermined frequency (e.g., 10 to 20 MHz) as a synchronization signal CLKp to the light emitting unit 110 and the light detecting element 200 via signal lines 128 and 129.
- a predetermined frequency e.g. 10 to 20 MHz
- the light emitting unit 110 supplies intermittent light as irradiation light in synchronization with a synchronization signal CLKp from the synchronization control unit 120.
- intermittent light For example, near-infrared light is used as the irradiation light.
- the reflected light of the irradiation light reflected by the object to be measured is referred to as "ToF light.”
- the photodetector element 200 receives the ToF light with a photoelectric conversion element (such as a SPAD) and measures the round-trip time from the emission timing indicated by the synchronization signal CLKp to the reception timing of the ToF light. This photodetector element 200 calculates the distance to the target object from the round-trip time, and generates and outputs distance data indicating that distance.
- a photoelectric conversion element such as a SPAD
- the light that does not hit the target object and is reflected inside the housing of the distance measurement module 100 is hereinafter referred to as "stray light.”
- the light detection element 200 calculates the difference between the timing of receiving the stray light and the timing of receiving the ToF light, thereby canceling signal delays and the like within the distance measurement module 100 and improving distance measurement accuracy.
- the light emitting unit 110, the light detection element 200, and the synchronization control unit 120 in the distance measurement module 100 are arranged in the same module, but they can also be arranged in separate devices.
- the device in which the light detection element 200 is arranged is an example of the light detection device described in the claims.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a laminated structure of a photodetector element 200 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the photodetector element 200 includes a circuit chip 202 and a pixel chip 201 laminated on the circuit chip 202. These chips are electrically connected through a connection portion such as a via. Note that, in addition to the via, the connection can also be made by Cu-Cu bonding or bumps.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of a pixel chip 201 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- This pixel chip 201 is provided with a rectangular light receiving section 210, in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements such as photoelectric conversion elements 211, 212, 213, and 214 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern.
- Avalanche photodiodes such as SPADs are used as the photoelectric conversion elements.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a circuit chip 202 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the circuit chip 202 includes a timing generation unit 220, an H decoder 231, a V decoder 232, a circuit block 300, a multiplexer 240, a time-to-digital converter 250, a histogram generation unit 260, and an output interface 270.
- the timing generation unit 220 generates various control signals in synchronization with the synchronization signal CLKp. This timing generation unit 220 supplies these signals to the circuit block 300.
- the control signals include, for example, a gating pulse that indicates a period during which photon detection is stopped.
- a number of detection circuits are arranged within the circuit block 300. Each detection circuit detects the incidence of a photon, generates a pulse signal, and supplies it to the multiplexer 240.
- the H decoder 231 and the V decoder 232 drive the circuits in the pixel block 300 on a row or column basis.
- the multiplexer 240 selects each row in turn and supplies the pulse signal of that row to the time-to-digital converter 250.
- the time-to-digital converter 250 converts the time until the rise of the pulse signal for each row into a digital signal. This digital signal indicates the timing of photon detection.
- the time-to-digital converter 250 supplies the digital signal to the histogram generator 260.
- the histogram generating unit 260 generates a histogram based on the digital signal from the time-to-digital converter 250.
- the histogram is a graph showing the detection frequency as a degree for each detection timing indicated by the digital signal.
- the histogram generating unit 260 generates a histogram for each imaging pixel, and obtains the timing of each peak value as the timing of receiving the reflected light.
- the histogram generating unit 260 then converts the round-trip time from the timing of irradiating the irradiation light indicated by the synchronization signal to the timing of receiving the reflected light into the distance to the object for each imaging pixel.
- the histogram generating unit 260 generates distance data indicating the obtained distance for each pixel, and outputs it to the outside via the output interface 270.
- the circuit including the time-to-digital converter 250 and the histogram generating unit 260 is an example of a distance measuring unit as described in the claims.
- a device provided with the light emitting unit 110 and the light detecting element 200 is an example of a distance measuring device as described in the claims.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of a layout of a circuit in a circuit block 300 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- a plurality of detection circuits such as detection circuits 311, 312, 313, and 314 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice. These detection circuits are provided for each photoelectric conversion element. With the pixel chip 201 being the chip above the circuit chip 202, the detection circuits are arranged directly below the corresponding photoelectric conversion elements.
- one shared circuit 400 is arranged for every four detection circuits in 2 rows x 2 rows.
- This shared circuit 400 is a circuit shared by the four detection circuits, and is arranged in the center of the 2 rows x 2 columns.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- four detection circuits such as detection circuits 311, 312, 313, and 314, share one shared circuit 400. Furthermore, each of the detection circuits is connected to a corresponding photoelectric conversion element.
- the detection circuit 311 and the photoelectric conversion element 211 are connected, and the detection circuit 312 and the photoelectric conversion element 212 are connected. Furthermore, the detection circuit 313 and the photoelectric conversion element 213 are connected, and the detection circuit 314 and the photoelectric conversion element 214 are connected.
- the detection circuits 311 and the like detect the incidence of photons outside the detection stop period based on the cathode voltage of the corresponding photoelectric conversion element. Circuits for controlling the voltage of the gating pulse and the like are arranged within the shared circuit 400.
- the connected photoelectric conversion element and detection circuit, and the shared circuit 400 function as one pixel.
- the photoelectric conversion element 211, detection circuit 311, and shared circuit 400 function as the first pixel
- the photoelectric conversion element 212, detection circuit 312, and shared circuit 400 function as the second pixel
- the photoelectric conversion element 213, detection circuit 313, and shared circuit 400 function as the third pixel
- the photoelectric conversion element 214, detection circuit 314, and shared circuit 400 function as the fourth pixel.
- the shared circuit 400 is shared by four pixels. The four pixels sharing the shared circuit 400 are called a "shared block.”
- the circuit area for each pixel can be reduced compared to when the shared circuit is not shared.
- the detection circuit 311 includes a PR (Passive Recharge) current source 321, a PR switch 322, a gating switch 323, a PR pulse generating circuit 324, a gating circuit 350, and a latch signal generating circuit 360.
- the detection circuit 311 also includes an AR (Active Recharge) current source 325, an AR switch 326, an AQ (Active Quench) switch 327, an AR pulse generating circuit 330, and an AQ pulse generating circuit 340.
- the detection circuit 311 also includes inverters 381 and 382, buffers 383 and 384, and an output control circuit 370.
- the circuit configurations of the detection circuits other than the detection circuit 311, such as the detection circuits 312, 313, and 314, are the same as that of the detection circuit 311.
- the PR (Passive Recharge) current source 321 supplies a constant current to the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211.
- the PR switch 322 opens and closes the path between the PR current source 321 and the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211 in accordance with a PR enable signal XPR_EN from a PR pulse generating circuit 324.
- a PR switch 322 for example, a pMOS (p-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor is used.
- the PR pulse generating circuit 324 generates the PR enable signal XPR_EN.
- a NAND (negative logical product) gate that calculates the negative logical product of the signal from the gating circuit 350 and the inverted value of the AQ enable signal AQ_EN from the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 is used as the PR pulse generating circuit 324.
- This NAND gate supplies a negative logical product signal to the PR switch 322 as the PR enable signal XPR_EN.
- the AR current source 325 supplies a constant current to the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211.
- the AR switch 326 opens and closes the path between the AR current source 325 and the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211 in accordance with the AR enable signal XAR_EN from the AR pulse generation circuit 330.
- a pMOS transistor is used as the AR switch 326.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 generates the AR enable signal XAR_EN and supplies it to the AR switch 326.
- the gating switch 323 opens and closes the path between the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211 and a reference potential (such as a ground potential) in accordance with a gating pulse Gat from the gating circuit 350.
- a reference potential such as a ground potential
- nMOS n-channel MOS transistor
- the gating circuit 350 generates a gating pulse Gat from the gating pulse Gat_HV and the latch signal LAT_HV from the timing generation unit 220 and supplies the gating pulse Gat to the gating switch 323.
- the latch signal generation circuit 360 generates the latch signals LAT_HV and LAT_LV based on the signals from the H decoder 231 and the V decoder 232.
- the latch signal LAT_HV is supplied to the gating circuit 350, and the latch signal LAT_LV is supplied to the output control circuit 370.
- the H decoder 231 and the V decoder 232 can select pixels on a row-by-row and column-by-column basis.
- the latch signal LAT_LV of the selected pixel is set to, for example, a high level.
- the AQ switch 327 opens and closes the path between the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211 and the reference potential in accordance with the AQ enable signal AQ_EN from the AQ pulse generation circuit 340.
- an nMOS transistor is used as the AQ switch 327.
- the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 generates an AQ enable signal AQ_EN based on the signal from the inverter 381 and supplies it to the AQ switch 327 and the PR pulse generating circuit 324.
- the gating pulse mentioned above is a signal that indicates a detection stop period during which photon detection is forcibly stopped (in other words, gating is performed).
- the gating pulse is set to a high level during the detection stop period.
- the AR enable signal XAR_EN is a signal that indicates whether or not active recharge is enabled. For example, when active recharge is enabled, the AR enable signal XAR_EN is set to a low level.
- the AQ enable signal AQ_EN is a signal that indicates whether or not active quenching is enabled. For example, when active quenching is enabled, the AQ enable signal is set to a high level.
- the above-mentioned active recharge and active quench are functions to avoid the latching phenomenon of pixels.
- the latching phenomenon is a phenomenon in which, after a photon is detected, the SPAD current due to avalanche multiplication does not drop to a specified latching current, and the current continues to flow, reaching an equilibrium state. If the recharge current that charges the SPAD is large, the voltage stagnates just before quenching, making latching more likely to occur. When the latching phenomenon occurs, the recharge current and the SPAD current due to avalanche multiplication remain in balance, and the cathode potential remains unchanged. When this state occurs, photons cannot be detected, and the dead time is significantly extended.
- the light detection element 200 therefore performs active quenching as a measure against latching during quenching. If the recharge current was constantly flowing, once the recharge current and the SPAD current reached a state of balance, it would be impossible to release the latching state for a while. However, by detecting that the SPAD has reacted and performing "active quenching," which stops the recharge current for a certain period of time within the detection circuit 311 and forcibly drops the cathode voltage to 0 volts (V), it is possible to release the latching state. Furthermore, if the cathode voltage exceeds the threshold value of the first-stage inverter 381 during quenching, latching will no longer occur.
- the photodetector element 200 performs active recharge as a measure against latching during recharge. To avoid an equilibrium state, after the SPAD reacts, the photodetector element 200 generates an AR enable signal XAR_EN and performs "active recharge” by flowing a recharge current for only the required time. As a result, even if latching occurs during recharge, when the recharge period by the AR enable signal XAR_EN ends, the recharge current becomes zero, and the SPAD current reduces the cathode voltage, releasing the latching.
- Inverter 381 inverts the signal of the cathode voltage CAT_HV of the photoelectric conversion element 211 and supplies it to inverter 382 and AQ pulse generation circuit 340.
- Inverter 382 inverts the signal from inverter 381 and supplies it as CAT_LV to output control circuit 370 and buffers 383 and 384.
- the output control circuit 370 generates the output enable signals OUT_ENA and OUT_ENB based on the latch signal LAT_LV and the signal CAT_LV from the inverter 382.
- the output enable signals OUT_ENA and OUT_ENB are signals for enabling one of the outputs of the A system and the B system. For example, when enabling the A system, the output enable signal OUT_ENA is set to a high level, and the output enable signal OUT_ENB is set to a low level. When enabling the B system, the output enable signal OUT_ENA is set to a low level, and the output enable signal OUT_ENB is set to a high level.
- the buffer 383 When the output enable signal OUT_ENA is at a high level (enabled), the buffer 383 outputs the signal from the inverter 382 to the multiplexer 240 as a pulse signal PFOUT_A. When the output enable signal OUT_ENB is at a high level (enabled), the buffer 384 outputs the signal from the inverter 382 to the multiplexer 240 as a pulse signal PFOUT_B.
- the pulse signals PFOUT_A and PFOUT_B are examples of the first and second pulse signals described in the claims.
- the detection circuit 311 is also divided into a high-voltage domain where the power supply voltage is VDDH, and a low-voltage domain where the power supply voltage is VDDL, which is lower than VDDH.
- a PR current source 321, a PR switch 322, a gating switch 323, a PR pulse generating circuit 324, and a gating circuit 350 are arranged.
- an AR current source 325, an AR switch 326, an AQ switch 327, an AR pulse generating circuit 330, an AQ pulse generating circuit 340, an inverter 381, and a part of a latch signal generating circuit 360 are arranged.
- the remainder of the latch signal generation circuit 360, inverter 382, buffer 383, buffer 384, and output control circuit 370 are arranged in the low-voltage domain.
- the circuit configuration of the detection circuit 311 is not limited to the one illustrated in the figure, so long as it can detect the incidence of photons. For example, if active recharge and active quenching are not performed, the AR current source 325, the AR switch 326, the AQ switch 327, the AR pulse generation circuit 330, and the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 are not required. If pixels are not selected row by row or column by column, the latch signal generation circuit 360 is not required. If only one system is output instead of two systems, the buffers 383, 384, and the output control circuit 370 are not required. If the high-voltage domain and the low-voltage domain are not divided, one of the inverters 381 and 382 can be omitted. The detection circuit 311 and the like detect the incidence of photons outside the detection stop period based on the cathode voltage, but can also detect the incidence of photons based on the anode voltage.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the gating circuit 350 and the latch signal generating circuit 360 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the gating circuit 350 includes a NAND gate 351 and a NOR (negative OR) gate 352.
- the latch signal generating circuit 360 includes a latch circuit 361 and a level shifter 362.
- the latch circuit 361 latches the decoded signals HDEC_NS and SET_EW from the H decoder 231 and V decoder 232 to generate the latched signal LAT_LV.
- This latched signal LAT_LV is supplied to the output control circuit 370 and the level shifter 362 in the low-voltage domain.
- the H decoder 231 and V decoder 232 can be set on a pixel-by-pixel basis as to whether or not to drive by the decoded signals HDEC_NS and SET_EW.
- the latched signal LAT_LV of the pixel to be driven is set to a high level by the decoded signals HDEC_NS and SET_EW.
- the level shifter 362 shifts the high level of the latch signal LAT_LV from VDDL to VDDH. This level shifter 362 supplies the shifted latch signal as LAT_HV to the NOR gate 352.
- the NOR gate 352 calculates the negative logical sum of the latch signal LAT_HV and the gating pulse Gat_HV. This NOR gate 352 supplies the negative logical sum signal as XGat to the NAND gate 351 and the PR pulse generating circuit 324.
- the NAND gate 351 supplies the negative logical product of XGat and the test signal XTEST as a gating pulse Gat to the gating switch 323.
- the test signal XTEST is a signal set by a specified test circuit (not shown), and is used to forcibly turn the gating switch 323 on when performing a test related to gating.
- the test signal XTEST is set to a low level.
- the latch signal generation circuit 360 a part of the level shifter 362 and the latch circuit 361 are arranged in the low-voltage domain, and the remainder of the level shifter 362 is arranged in the high-voltage domain.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an example configuration of the AR pulse generating circuit 330, the AQ pulse generating circuit 340, and the output control circuit 370 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 includes a NAND gate 331 and an inverter 332.
- the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 includes a NOR gate 341, an inverter 342, and a delay circuit 343.
- the output control circuit 370 includes a flip-flop 371, and AND gates 372, 373, and 374.
- the flip-flop 371 synchronizes with the signal CAT_LV from the inverter 382, and takes in and holds a high-level signal.
- the inverted value of the gating pulse Gat_LV from the shared circuit 400 is input to the enable terminal of the flip-flop 371.
- the flip-flop 371 supplies the held signal to the AND gate 372.
- AND gate 372 supplies the logical product of latch signal LAT_LV and the signal from flip-flop 371 to AND gates 373 and 374.
- AND gate 373 supplies the logical product of the selection signal SEL_A from the shared circuit 400 and the signal from AND gate 372 to buffer 383 as an output enable signal OUT_ENA.
- AND gate 374 supplies the logical product of the selection signal SEL_B from the shared circuit 400 and the signal from AND gate 372 to buffer 384 as an output enable signal OUT_ENB.
- the delay circuit 343 delays the signal from the inverter 381 for a predetermined period of time and supplies it to the NOR gate 341 and the AR pulse generating circuit 330.
- Inverter 342 inverts the signal from inverter 381 and supplies it to NOR gate 341.
- the NOR gate 341 supplies the NOR of the signal from the delay circuit 343, the signal from the inverter 342, and the control signal XHOFF_EN as the AQ enable signal AQ_EN to the AQ switch 327.
- the control signal XHOFF_EN is a signal for forcibly turning the AQ switch 327 to the off state regardless of the signal from the inverter 381, and is generated by a control circuit (not shown) external to the detection circuit 311. For example, when forcibly turning the AQ switch 327 to the off state, the control signal XHOFF_EN is set to a high level.
- the inverter 332 inverts and delays the signal from the delay circuit 343 and supplies it to the NAND gate 331.
- the NAND gate 331 supplies the AR switch 326 with the negative AND of the signal from the inverter 332, the signal from the delay circuit 343, and the control signal AR_SET as the AR enable signal XAR_EN.
- the control signal AR_SET is a signal for forcibly turning the AR switch 326 off regardless of the signal from the AQ pulse generation circuit 340, and is generated by a control circuit (not shown) external to the detection circuit 311. For example, when forcibly turning off the AR switch 326, the control signal AR_SET is set to a low level.
- the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 turns on the AQ switch 327 for a certain period of time after the cathode voltage drops due to the incidence of ToF light, forcing the cathode voltage to 0 volts. This period is called the "active quench period.”
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 turns on the AR switch 326 for a certain period of time after the active quench period has elapsed, causing a recharge current to be supplied. In other words, active recharge begins when the active quench period has elapsed.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of a shared circuit 400 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- This shared circuit 400 includes a selection circuit 410 and a gating control circuit 420.
- the selection circuit 410 generates a selection signal indicating one of the pulse signals PFOUTA and PFOUTB, and supplies it to each of the detection circuits 311 to 314.
- This selection circuit 410 includes an OR (logical sum) gate 411 and a latch circuit 412.
- the OR gate 411 calculates the logical sum of the decoded signals HDEC ⁇ 0> and HDEC ⁇ 1> from the H decoder 231 and outputs it to the latch circuit 412.
- the latch circuit 412 generates the selection signals SEL_A and SEL_B based on the signal from the OR gate 411 and the decoded signal OUT_SEL from the V decoder 232.
- an SR latch circuit is used as the latch circuit 412.
- the H decoder 231 and the V decoder 232 can set the selection signal using the decoded signals HDEC ⁇ 0>, HDEC ⁇ 1>, and OUT_SEL to output both or one of the pulse signals PFOUTA and PFOUTB.
- the decoded signal sets the selection signal SEL_A to a high level and the selection signal SEL_B to a low level.
- the decoded signal sets the selection signal SEL_A to a low level and the selection signal SEL_B to a high level.
- both the pulse signals PFOUTA and PFOUTB are to be output, the selection signals SEL_A and SEL_B are both set to a high level.
- the gating control circuit 420 controls the high level of the gating pulse Gat_HV from the power supply voltage VDDH to the power supply voltage VDDL, and supplies it to each of the detection circuits 311 to 314.
- This gating control circuit 420 includes inverters 421 and 422.
- the inverter 421 is arranged in the high voltage domain, and the inverter 422 and the selection circuit 410 are arranged in the low voltage domain.
- Inverter 421 inverts the gating pulse Gat_HV and supplies it to inverter 422.
- Inverter 422 inverts the signal from inverter 421 and supplies it as gating pulse Gat_LV to each of detection circuits 311 to 314.
- inverter 421 is an example of a front-stage inverter as described in the claims
- inverter 422 is an example of a rear-stage inverter as described in the claims.
- the gating control circuit 420 controls the voltage of the gating pulse Gat_HV.
- Each of the detection circuits 311 to 314 detects the incidence of a photon within a period that does not correspond to the detection stop period indicated by the gating pulse, and generates pulse signals PFOUTA and PFOUTB.
- the selection circuit 410 generates selection signals SEL_A and SEL_B.
- Each of the detection circuits 311 to 314 outputs either the pulse signal PFOUTA or PFOUTB in accordance with the selection signal.
- detection circuit 311 is an example of a first detection circuit described in the claims
- detection circuit 312 is an example of a second detection circuit described in the claims.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the pixel according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the cathode voltages of the four pixels sharing the shared circuit 400 are set to CAT1_HV, CAT2_HV, CAT3_HV, and CAT4_HV, respectively.
- the light-emitting unit 110 emits light at timing T1. Stray light is generated immediately thereafter at timing T2, and enters each pixel.
- the rough dotted waveform in the figure shows the waveform of stray light.
- the timing generation unit 220 generates a gating pulse Gat_HV that is at a high level for a certain period including timing T1.
- This gating pulse Gat_HV controls the cathode voltage of each pixel to a low level below the threshold of the first-stage inverter 381 for the period from timing T0 to T3. This period corresponds to a detection stop period during which the incidence of photons cannot be detected.
- each pixel detects the incidence of ToF light, and the cathode voltage drops.
- each pixel detects the incidence of stray light at time T2 and is unable to detect the incidence of new photons until the dead time has elapsed. This means that, for example, the pixel will be unable to detect the incidence of ToF light at time T4, resulting in a decrease in close-range distance measurement performance.
- the photodetector element 200 performs gating, making it possible to detect the incidence of ToF light at time T4, for example, as shown in the figure, thereby improving close-range distance measurement performance.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an example of decoder control in the first embodiment of the present technology. Focus is on pixels from column 0 to column 10 in a certain row. In the figure, white circles indicate output terminals for pulse signals of system A, and black circles indicate output terminals for pulse signals of system B. Additionally, OR gates 241 and 242 are arranged for each row within multiplexer 240.
- OR gate 241 supplies the logical sum of the A-system pulse signals of columns 3K (K is an integer equal to or greater than 0), 3K+1, and 3K+2 to TDC 250.
- OR gate 242 supplies the logical sum of the B-system pulse signals of columns 3K, 3K+1, and 3K+2 to TDC 250.
- the H decoder 231 and V decoder 232 can set whether to drive each pixel and whether to drive the pixel in the A or B system, using the decoded signal described above. This allows the photodetector element 200 to detect two points of ToF light simultaneously. For example, the first point is incident on the 0th to 2nd columns, and the second point is incident on the 7th to 9th columns.
- the H decoder 231 and the V decoder 232 set the latch signals LAT_HV for columns 0 to 2 and columns 7 to 9 to a high level and drive them, and set the latch signals for the other columns to a low level.
- the H decoder 231 and the V decoder 232 also set the selection signal SEL_A for columns 0 to 2 to a high level, and set the selection signal SEL_B for columns 7 to 9 to a high level. This allows columns 0 to 2 to detect one of two points and output it through system A, and columns 7 to 9 to detect the other of the two points and output it through system B.
- the downstream circuit (such as a TDC) can then measure the distance to each of the two points simultaneously.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of a signal line for transmitting a gating pulse in the first comparative example. As shown in the figure, in the first comparative example, it is necessary to wire a signal line 229 for transmitting a gating pulse for each column of the detection circuit.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of the signal lines 229 that transmit the gating pulse in the first embodiment of the present technology. Since four pixels in two rows and two columns share the shared circuit 400, the signal lines 229 are wired every two columns.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of signal lines that transmit gating pulses in a shared block in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- signal lines are wired from the gating control circuit 420 in the shared circuit 400 to each of the detection circuits 311 to 314.
- wiring is performed so that the wiring lengths from the central gating control circuit 420 to each of the four detection circuits are approximately the same.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of signal lines 238 and 239 for transmitting decoded signals in the first comparative example.
- the first comparative example it is necessary to wire signal line 238 for transmitting decoded signals from H decoder 231 for each row, and signal line 239 for transmitting decoded signals from V decoder 232 for each column.
- Signal line 238 transmits decoded signals HDEC ⁇ 0> and HDEC ⁇ 1> shown in FIG. 10, and signal line 239 transmits decoded signal OUT_SEL.
- Signal line 238 physically includes two wires, but is shown as a single line for convenience of description.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of signal lines 238 and 239 that transmit decoded signals in the first embodiment of the present technology. Since four pixels in two rows and two columns share the shared circuit 400, signal lines 238 are wired every two rows, and signal lines 239 are wired every two columns.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of wiring of signal lines that transmit decoded signals within a shared block in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- signal lines are wired from the selection circuit 410 in the shared circuit 400 to each of the detection circuits 311 to 314.
- the number of signal lines that transmit the gating pulses and decoded signals can be reduced compared to the first comparative example.
- the number of pixels sharing the shared circuit 400 is not limited to four pixels, and may be two pixels, sixteen pixels, etc.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of signal line wiring for transmitting gating pulses when a shared circuit 400 is shared by 16 pixels in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the 4 rows x 4 columns enclosed by dotted lines in the figure indicate a shared block.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of signal line wiring for transmitting decoded signals when 16 pixels share the shared circuit 400 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the 4 rows x 4 columns enclosed by dotted lines in the figure indicate a shared block.
- multiple pixels share the shared circuit 400, making it possible to reduce the circuit area per pixel.
- both the gating control circuit 420 and the selection circuit 410 are shared by four pixels, but one of them may be arranged for each pixel without being shared.
- the photodetection element 200 in the first modification of the first embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the selection circuit 410 is arranged for each pixel.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the detection circuit 311 and the shared circuit 400 in a first modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the selection circuit 410 is not arranged in the shared circuit 400, but is arranged in the detection circuit 311.
- the selection circuit 410 is also arranged in each of the detection circuits 312, 313, and 314.
- the selection circuit 410 is arranged in the detection circuit, so that the circuitry in the shared circuit 400 can be reduced.
- the gating control circuit 420 consisting of the inverters 421 and 422 is shared by four pixels, but with this configuration, it is difficult to further reduce the circuit area for each pixel.
- the photodetector element 200 in the second modified example of the first embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a logic gate and a flip-flop are arranged in the gating control circuit 420.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the detection circuit 311 and the shared circuit 400 in a second modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the shared circuit 400 in the second modified example of the first embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an OR gate 423 and a flip-flop 371 are arranged in the gating control circuit 420 instead of the inverter 422. Furthermore, the flip-flop 371 is not arranged in the detection circuit 311.
- the final inverter 382 in detection circuit 311 outputs the inverted signal as CAT1_LV to the OR gate 423.
- the final inverter in detection circuit 312 outputs CAT2_LV to the OR gate 423, and the final inverter in detection circuit 313 outputs CAT3_LV to the OR gate 423.
- the final inverter in detection circuit 314 outputs CAT4_LV to the OR gate 423.
- OR gate 423 supplies the logical OR of CAT1_LV, CAT2_LV, CAT3_LV, and CAT4_LV to the clock terminal of flip-flop 371.
- inverter 421, OR gate 423 and flip-flop 371 are placed in the low-voltage domain.
- the flip-flop 371 is arranged in the shared circuit 400, so that it is possible to reduce the number of flip-flops in the detection circuit 311, etc.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 starts active recharging when the active quench period has elapsed, but with this configuration, it is difficult to further shorten the dead time.
- the photodetector element 200 in this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it starts active recharging even when the detection stop period has elapsed.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a detection circuit 311 in a second embodiment of the present technology.
- the detection circuit 311 in the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it further includes a NOR gate 521 and an AND gate 522.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing an example configuration of the AR pulse generating circuit 330 and the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 in the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 of the second embodiment realizes the function of the delay circuit 343 by inverters 344 and 345, a capacitive element 346, and a current source 347.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 of the second embodiment also includes an inverter 333 and a current source 334 instead of the inverter 332.
- Inverter 345 inverts the signal from inverter 381 and supplies it to inverter 344 and NOR gate 521 as AQ end signal AQ_END.
- Current source 347 is connected to the ground terminal of inverter 345.
- Capacitive element 346 is connected to the connection node of inverters 344 and 345. Inverter 344 inverts the AQ end signal AQ_END and supplies it to NOR gate 341.
- the AND gate 522 supplies the logical product of the gating pulse Gat_HV and the latch signal LAT_HV to the NOR gate 521.
- NOR gate 521 supplies the NAND gate 331 and inverter 333 with the negative OR of the inverted value of the signal from AND gate 522 and the AQ end signal AQ_END as AR_EN.
- Inverter 333 inverts AR_EN from NOR gate 521 and supplies it to NAND gate 331.
- Current source 334 is connected to the ground terminal of inverter 333.
- FIG. 25 is an example of a timing chart showing the control of active recharge in the second embodiment of the present technology and the control of active recharge in the first embodiment.
- “a” shows the control of active recharge in the second embodiment
- “b” shows the control of active recharge in the first embodiment.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 In the period from timing T1 when gating ends (i.e., when the detection stop period has elapsed) to timing T2, the AR pulse generating circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN. The cathode is rapidly charged by active recharging after this gating ends.
- ToF light which is light reflected by the target object, is incident.
- the cathode voltage CAT_HV drops, and the SPAD reaction is used as a trigger to cause the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 to generate a high-level AQ enable signal over the active quench period from timing T4 to T5.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN. This active recharge rapidly charges the cathode.
- the control of a in the figure is realized by the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 24.
- the AR enable signal XAR_EN remains at a high level, and active recharge is not executed. This results in a long dead time due to slow charging. Also, active recharge after the active quench period has elapsed is executed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal to perform active recharging when the detection stop period has elapsed or when the active quench period has elapsed.
- the dead time can be shortened compared to the first embodiment.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal when the detection stop period has elapsed or when the active quench period has elapsed, thereby shortening the dead time.
- the gating control circuit 420 and the selection circuit 410 are shared by a plurality of pixels, but this configuration makes it difficult to further reduce the circuit area per pixel.
- the photodetector element 200 in this third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a recharge circuit, an AQ pulse generating circuit 340, etc. are further shared by a plurality of pixels.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of a detection circuit 311 in a third embodiment of the present technology.
- the shared circuit 400 is shared by two pixels.
- Detection circuit 311 includes inverters 381 and 382 and buffers 383 and 384.
- the circuit configuration of detection circuit 312 is similar to that of detection circuit 311.
- inverter 381 in detection circuit 311 supplies inverted signal XCAT1 to shared circuit 400
- inverter 382 supplies pulse signal CAT1_LV to shared circuit 400
- the first-stage inverter (not shown) in detection circuit 312 supplies inverted signal XCAT2 to shared circuit 400
- the second-stage inverter (not shown) supplies pulse signal CAT2_LV to shared circuit 400.
- the number of shared pixels is not limited to two pixels, but may be four pixels, etc.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a shared circuit 400 in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- the shared circuit 400 of the third embodiment further includes a PR current source 321, a PR switch 322, a gating switch 323, a PR pulse generation circuit 324, a gating circuit 350, and a latch signal generation circuit 360.
- the detection circuit 311 also includes an AR current source 325, an AR switch 326, an AQ switch 327, an AR pulse generation circuit 330, and an AQ pulse generation circuit 340.
- the detection circuit 311 also includes an output control circuit 370, a recharge switching control unit 510, a recharge switching switch 523, and an OR gate 524.
- the circuit consisting of the PR current source 321, the PR switch 322, the AR current source 325, and the AR switch 326 is defined as the recharge circuit 320.
- the recharge selector switch 523 selects either the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 211 or the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element 212 according to the selector signal SPAD_SEL, and connects it to the recharge circuit 320.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 generates a switching signal SPAD_SEL based on the inverted signal XCAT1 and the AR enable signal XAR_EN, and supplies it to the recharge switching switch 523.
- the OR gate 524 supplies the logical sum of the inverted signals XCAT1 and XCAT2 to the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 as OR_OUT.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the recharge switching control unit 510 in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 selects the photoelectric conversion element 212 and generates a SPAD_SEL with a logical value of "0".
- the recharge switching control unit 510 selects the photoelectric conversion element 211 and generates a SPAD_SEL with a logical value of "1".
- the recharge switching control unit 510 selects the photoelectric conversion element 211 and generates a SPAD_SEL with a logical value of "1".
- the recharge circuit 320 is not shared but provided for each pixel, and the PR pulse generating circuit 324 and the AR pulse generating circuit 330 are shared by multiple pixels.
- the circuit of the second comparative example is described in FIG. 5 of JP 2019-158806 A, for example.
- the PR pulse generating circuit 324 and the AR pulse generating circuit 330 are arranged in the recharge signal generating circuit in the same figure. Note that if active recharge is not performed, the AR pulse generating circuit 330 is not arranged in the recharge signal generating circuit.
- FIG. 29 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the detection circuit in the second comparative example.
- FIG. 30 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit 400 when photons are incident on each pixel in sequence in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 211 to the recharge circuit 320 by a high-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 In response to the rising edge of the output OR_OUT of the OR gate 524, the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 generates a high-level AQ enable signal AQ_EN for a certain period of time. This performs an active quench.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time. Since the photoelectric conversion element 211 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the first pixel is charged by active recharge. Immediately thereafter, at timing T2, the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 212 to the recharge circuit 320 by the low-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 generates a high-level AQ enable signal AQ_EN for a certain period of time.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time from timing T5. Since the photoelectric conversion element 212 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the second pixel is charged by active recharge.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 switches the connection destination of the recharge circuit 320, so that when a photon is incident on one of the two pixels, only that pixel is charged.
- FIG. 31 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit 400 in the case where photons are incident on two pixels almost simultaneously in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- a photon is incident on the first pixel at timing T0, and immediately thereafter at timing T1, a photon is incident on the second pixel.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 211 to the recharge circuit 320 by a high-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 generates a high-level AQ enable signal AQ_EN for a certain period of time.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time. Since the photoelectric conversion element 211 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the first pixel is charged by active recharge. Immediately thereafter, at timing T3, the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 212 to the recharge circuit 320 with a low-level switching signal SPAD_SEL. In addition, the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 generates a high-level AQ enable signal AQ_EN for a certain period of time.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time from timing T5. Since the photoelectric conversion element 212 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the second pixel is charged by active recharge.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 switches the connection when active recharge of one pixel is completed, so that the pixels can be charged one by one in sequence.
- FIG. 32 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit 400 in the third embodiment of the present technology when photons are incident on two pixels almost simultaneously and then a photon is incident on one of the pixels.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 211 to the recharge circuit 320 by a high-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 generates a high-level AQ enable signal AQ_EN for a certain period of time.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time. Since the photoelectric conversion element 211 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the first pixel is charged by active recharge. Immediately thereafter, at timing T3, the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 212 to the recharge circuit 320 by the low-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 211 to the recharge circuit 320 by the high-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 When the AQ enable signal AQ_EN falls at timing T6, the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time from timing T7. Since the photoelectric conversion element 211 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the first pixel is charged by active recharge.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 connects the photoelectric conversion element 212 to the recharge circuit 320 by a low-level switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 generates a high-level AQ enable signal AQ_EN for a certain period of time.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for a certain period of time from timing T10. Since the photoelectric conversion element 212 is connected to the recharge circuit 320, only the second pixel is charged by active recharge.
- the shared circuit 400 can preferentially recharge one of the cathodes and recharge the other cathode after the recharging is completed.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 switches the connection of the recharge circuit 320, so that the pixels can be charged one by one in sequence. This makes it possible to reduce instantaneous power consumption more than in the second comparative example in which four pixels are charged simultaneously. Also, because the recharge switching control unit 510 switches the connection of the active recharge, photons from one pixel can be detected even while the other pixel is being recharged, unlike the second comparative example.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of the layout of the circuits in the detection circuit in the second comparative example.
- a recharge circuit 320 and an AQ pulse generation circuit 340 are arranged in each of the detection circuits 311 and 312.
- a recharge circuit 320 and an AQ pulse generation circuit 340 are arranged for each pixel.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of the layout of circuits in the shared circuit 400 in the third embodiment of the present technology.
- the recharge circuit 320 and the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 are arranged in the shared circuit 400, and these are shared by two pixels. In this way, since the recharge circuit 320 and the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 are shared by two pixels, the circuit area can be reduced compared to the second comparative example in which these circuits are arranged for each pixel.
- the recharge circuit 320 and the AQ pulse generating circuit 340 are shared by multiple pixels, so the circuit area per pixel can be further reduced.
- the AR pulse generating circuit 330 starts active recharging when the active quench period has elapsed, but this control is not limited to the first embodiment.
- the light detecting element 200 in this third embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that it starts active recharging when the connection destination is switched in addition to when the active quench period has elapsed.
- FIG. 35 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the shared circuit 400 in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- the shared circuit 400 in this modified example of the third embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that it further includes an AR start signal generating circuit 530.
- the circuit configuration of the AR start signal generating circuit 530 will be described later.
- the recharge switching control unit 510 includes inverters 511, 512, and 513.
- the inverters 511, 512, and 513 are connected in series.
- the inverted signal XCAT1 from the detection circuit 311 is input to the input terminal of the inverter 511.
- the inverters 511, 512, and 513 invert and delay the inverted signal XCAT1, and supply it to the recharge switching switch 523 as the switching signal SPAD_SEL.
- the switching signal SPAD_SEL switches, and the other pixel is selected.
- FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of an AR start signal generating circuit 530 in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- This AR start signal generating circuit 530 includes a NOR gate 531, an OR gate 532, and a NOR gate 533.
- the NOR gate 533 outputs the logical sum of the inverted signal XCAT1 from the detection circuit 311 and the switching signal SPAD_SEL from the recharge switching control unit 510 to the OR gate 532.
- the OR gate 532 outputs the logical sum of the gating pulse Gat_HV from the timing generation unit 220 and the output signal of the NOR gate 533 to the NOR gate 531.
- the NOR gate 531 supplies the NOR of the AQ end signal AQ_END from the AQ pulse generation circuit 340 and the output signal of the OR gate 532 to the AR pulse generation circuit 330 as the AR start signal AR_EN.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates the AR enable signal XAR_EN based on the AR start signal AR_EN.
- the circuit configuration illustrated in the figure generates a high-level AR start signal AR_EN when the active quench period has elapsed or when the connection to the recharge circuit 320 is switched from the photoelectric conversion element 211 to the photoelectric conversion element 212.
- the AR pulse generation circuit 330 When the AR start signal AR_EN rises, the AR pulse generation circuit 330 generates a low-level AR enable signal XAR_EN for the pulse period and performs active recharge.
- FIG. 37 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit 400 when one of two pixels detects a photon in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- a photon is incident on the first pixel corresponding to the photoelectric conversion element 211, and the cathode voltage CAT1_HV drops at timing T0.
- the first pixel is charged by active recharge.
- the switching signal SPAD_SEL returns to a high level, and the second pixel corresponding to the photoelectric conversion element 212 is connected to the recharge circuit 320.
- FIG. 38 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit when one of two pixels detects a photon in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- a photon is incident on the second pixel, and the cathode voltage CAT2_HV drops at timing T0. From timing T1, when the active quench period has elapsed, to timing T2, the second pixel is charged by active recharge.
- the switching signal SPAD_SEL remains at a high level, and the connection destination of the recharge circuit 320 is not switched.
- FIG. 39 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of a shared circuit when one of two pixels reacts during the active quench period of the other in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- a pulse of the AR enable signal XAR_EN is generated from the logical sum of the inverted signals of each pixel from the OR gate 524.
- no new pulse of the AR enable signal XAR_EN is generated, and after a short active quench period, active recharging of the first pixel is performed during the period from timing T2 to T3. Then, active recharging of the second pixel is performed at timing T4.
- FIG. 40 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit 400 in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology when photons are incident on two pixels almost simultaneously and then a photon is incident on one of the pixels.
- the shared circuit 400 performs active recharge of the first pixel from timing T1. After the end of that active recharge, the first pixel reacts at timing T2 before the start of active recharge of the second pixel. In this case, too, no new pulse of the AQ enable signal XAQ_EN is generated, and active recharge of the first pixel is performed immediately after timing T2.
- FIG. 41 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the shared circuit 400 when one of two pixels reacts while the other is being recharged in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present technology.
- the shared circuit 400 Since the second pixel reacts at timing T0, the shared circuit 400 starts active recharging of that pixel after timing T1. Assume that the first pixel reacts during that active recharging at timing T2. In this case, the connection of the recharge circuit 320 is switched at timing T3, causing the active recharging of the first pixel to be stopped midway and the active recharging of the second pixel to be started. Then, at timing T4, the active recharging of the first pixel that was stopped midway is resumed.
- a high-level AR start signal AR_EN is generated when the active quench period has elapsed or when the connection destination has been switched.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure may be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as an automobile, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a personal mobility device, an airplane, a drone, a ship, or a robot.
- FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile object control system to which the technology disclosed herein can be applied.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside vehicle information detection unit 12030, an inside vehicle information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- Also shown as functional components of the integrated control unit 12050 are a microcomputer 12051, an audio/video output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (interface) 12053.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the drive system control unit 12010 functions as a control device for a drive force generating device for generating the drive force of the vehicle, such as an internal combustion engine or a drive motor, a drive force transmission mechanism for transmitting the drive force to the wheels, a steering mechanism for adjusting the steering angle of the vehicle, and a braking device for generating a braking force for the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices installed in the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a control device for a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or various lamps such as headlamps, tail lamps, brake lamps, turn signals, and fog lamps.
- radio waves or signals from various switches transmitted from a portable device that replaces a key can be input to the body system control unit 12020.
- the body system control unit 12020 accepts the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the vehicle's door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 12000.
- the image capturing unit 12031 is connected to the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 causes the image capturing unit 12031 to capture images outside the vehicle and receives the captured images.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing for people, cars, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received images.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of light received.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electrical signal as an image, or as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light, or may be invisible light such as infrared light.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects information inside the vehicle.
- a driver state detection unit 12041 that detects the state of the driver is connected.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 may calculate the driver's degree of fatigue or concentration based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041, or may determine whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 can calculate control target values for the driving force generating device, steering mechanism, or braking device based on information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 or the inside-vehicle information detection unit 12040, and output control commands to the drive system control unit 12010.
- the microcomputer 12051 can perform cooperative control aimed at realizing the functions of an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), including vehicle collision avoidance or impact mitigation, following driving based on the distance between vehicles, maintaining vehicle speed, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane departure warning.
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
- the microcomputer 12051 can also control the driving force generating device, steering mechanism, braking device, etc. based on information about the surroundings of the vehicle acquired by the outside vehicle information detection unit 12030 or the inside vehicle information detection unit 12040, thereby performing cooperative control aimed at automatic driving, which allows the vehicle to travel autonomously without relying on the driver's operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can also output control commands to the body system control unit 12020 based on information outside the vehicle acquired by the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030. For example, the microcomputer 12051 can control the headlamps according to the position of a preceding vehicle or an oncoming vehicle detected by the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030, and perform cooperative control aimed at preventing glare, such as switching high beams to low beams.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one output signal of audio and image to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the occupants of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle of information.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are exemplified as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include, for example, at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display.
- FIG. 43 shows an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging unit 12031 includes imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided, for example, at the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumper, back door, and upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle cabin of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging unit 12101 provided at the front nose and the imaging unit 12105 provided at the upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle cabin mainly acquire images of the front of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided at the side mirrors mainly acquire images of the sides of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging unit 12104 provided at the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires images of the rear of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging unit 12105 provided at the upper part of the windshield inside the vehicle cabin is mainly used to detect leading vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, etc.
- FIG. 43 shows an example of the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- Imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided on the front nose
- imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided on the side mirrors, respectively
- imaging range 12114 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or back door.
- an overhead image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above is obtained by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera consisting of multiple imaging elements, or an imaging element having pixels for detecting phase differences.
- the microcomputer 12051 can obtain the distance to each solid object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and the change in this distance over time (relative speed with respect to the vehicle 12100) based on the distance information obtained from the imaging units 12101 to 12104, and can extract as a preceding vehicle, in particular, the closest solid object on the path of the vehicle 12100 that is traveling in approximately the same direction as the vehicle 12100 at a predetermined speed (e.g., 0 km/h or faster). Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance that should be maintained in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic braking control (including follow-up stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including follow-up start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving, which runs autonomously without relying on the driver's operation.
- automatic braking control including follow-up stop control
- automatic acceleration control including follow-up start control
- the microcomputer 12051 classifies and extracts three-dimensional object data on three-dimensional objects, such as two-wheeled vehicles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, utility poles, and other three-dimensional objects, based on the distance information obtained from the imaging units 12101 to 12104, and can use the data to automatically avoid obstacles.
- the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into obstacles that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and obstacles that are difficult to see.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the collision risk, which indicates the risk of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or exceeds a set value and there is a possibility of a collision, it can provide driving assistance for collision avoidance by outputting an alarm to the driver via the audio speaker 12061 or the display unit 12062, or by forcibly decelerating or steering the vehicle to avoid a collision via the drive system control unit 12010.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not a pedestrian is present in the captured image of the imaging units 12101 to 12104. The recognition of such a pedestrian is performed, for example, by a procedure of extracting feature points in the captured image of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and a procedure of performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points that indicate the contour of an object to determine whether or not it is a pedestrian.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 controls the display unit 12062 to superimpose a rectangular contour line for emphasis on the recognized pedestrian.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 may also control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology disclosed herein can be applied to, for example, the outside vehicle information detection unit 12030.
- the distance measurement module 100 in FIG. 1 can be applied to the outside vehicle information detection unit 12030.
- the circuit area can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost and power consumption of the unit.
- the present technology can also be configured as follows. (1) a first detection circuit that detects incidence of a photon based on a voltage of one of an anode and a cathode of a first photoelectric conversion element within a period that does not correspond to a predetermined detection stop period; a second detection circuit that detects incidence of a photon based on a voltage of one of an anode and a cathode of a second photoelectric conversion element during a period that does not correspond to the detection stop period; and a shared circuit that controls the voltage of a gating pulse that indicates the detection stop period.
- the shared circuit includes: a gating control circuit that controls a voltage of the gating pulse; A selection circuit that generates the selection signal and supplies it to the first and second detection circuits.
- the gating control circuit a front-stage inverter that inverts the gating pulse and outputs an inverted signal; a rear-stage inverter that inverts the inverted signal and supplies the inverted signal to the first and second detection circuits; The photodetector according to (2), wherein the power supply voltages of the front-stage inverter and the rear-stage inverter are different.
- the gating control circuit an inverter that inverts the gating pulse and outputs it as an enable signal; a logic gate that performs a logical operation on the pulse signals from the first and second detection circuits and outputs the operation result;
- the photodetection device further comprising a flip-flop that supplies a signal of a predetermined level to the first and second detection circuits in synchronization with the calculation result when the enable signal is at a predetermined value.
- the shared circuit comprises: a recharge circuit for recharging one of the first and second photoelectric conversion elements; an active quench switch that connects the recharge circuit and a reference voltage during a predetermined active quench period in accordance with an active quench enable signal indicating the active quench period;
- the photodetection device according to (1) further comprising an active quench pulse generating circuit for generating the active quench enable signal.
- the recharge circuit includes: an active recharge current source; a passive recharge current source; an active recharge switch that opens and closes a path between the active recharge current source and the recharge changeover switch according to an active recharge enable signal; a passive recharge switch that opens and closes a path between the passive recharge current source and the recharge changeover switch;
- the shared circuit comprises: An active recharge start signal generating circuit is further provided which generates an active recharge start signal when the active quench period has elapsed or when the recharge changeover switch is changed over; The photodetector according to (6), wherein the active recharge pulse generating circuit generates the active recharge enable signal based on an active recharge start signal.
- the detection circuit includes: an active recharge current source; an active recharge switch that opens and closes a path between the active recharge current source and a predetermined node according to an active recharge enable signal; an active quench switch that connects the predetermined node to a reference voltage within a predetermined active quench period;
- the photodetection device according to (1), further comprising an active recharge pulse generating circuit that generates the active recharge enable signal when the detection stop period has elapsed or when the active quench period has elapsed.
- the photodetector according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the photoelectric conversion element is a SPAD (Single-Photon Avalanche Diode).
- a distance measuring device comprising: a photodetector element having a first detection circuit that detects the incidence of a photon based on the voltage of one of the anode and cathode of a first photoelectric conversion element within a period that does not correspond to a specified detection stop period; a second detection circuit that detects the incidence of a photon based on the voltage of one of the anode and cathode of a second photoelectric conversion element within a period that does not correspond to the detection stop period; a shared circuit that controls the voltage of a gating pulse that indicates the detection stop period; and a distance measuring unit that performs distance measuring based on the light emission timing of the light emitting unit and the incidence timing of the photons detected by each of the first and second detection circuits.
- a first detection step in which a first detection circuit detects incidence of a photon based on a voltage of one of an anode and a cathode of a first photoelectric conversion element within a period that does not correspond to a predetermined detection stop period; a second detection step in which a second detection circuit detects incidence of a photon based on a voltage of one of an anode and a cathode of a second photoelectric conversion element during a period that does not correspond to the detection stop period; and a control procedure in which a shared circuit controls a voltage of a gating pulse indicating the detection stop period.
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(ゲーティング制御回路を共有する例)
2.第2の実施の形態(ゲーティング制御回路を共有し、検出停止期間経過時にアクティブリチャージを行う例)
3.第3の実施の形態(ゲーティング制御回路、リチャージ回路などを共有する例)
4.移動体への応用例
[測距モジュールの構成例]
図1は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における測距モジュール100の一構成例を示すブロック図である。この測距モジュール100は、物体までの距離を測定するものであり、発光部110、同期制御部120および光検出素子200を備える。測距モジュール100は、スマートフォン、パーソナルコンピュータや車載機器などに搭載され、距離を測定するために用いられる。
図2は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における光検出素子200の積層構造の一例を示す図である。この光検出素子200は、回路チップ202と、その回路チップ202に積層された画素チップ201とを備える。これらのチップは、ビアなどの接続部を介して電気的に接続される。なお、ビアの他、Cu-Cu接合やバンプにより接続することもできる。
図5は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における回路ブロック300内の回路のレイアウトの一例を示す平面図である。回路ブロック300には、検出回路311、312、313および314などの複数の検出回路が二次元格子状に配列される。これらの検出回路は、光電変換素子ごとに設けられる。画素チップ201を回路チップ202の上のチップとして、検出回路は、対応する光電変換素子の直下に配置される。
図7は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における検出回路311の一構成例を示すブロック図である。この検出回路311は、PR(Passive Recharge)電流源321、PRスイッチ322、ゲーティングスイッチ323、PRパルス生成回路324、ゲーティング回路350およびラッチ信号生成回路360を備える。また、検出回路311は、AR(Active Recharge)電流源325、ARスイッチ326、AQ(Active Quench)スイッチ327、ARパルス生成回路330およびAQパルス生成回路340を備える。さらに、検出回路311は、インバータ381および382と、バッファ383および384と、出力制御回路370とを備える。なお、検出回路312、313および314などの、検出回路311以外の検出回路の回路構成は、検出回路311と同様である。
図11は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における画素の動作の一例を示すタイミングチャートである。共有回路400を共有する4画素のそれぞれのカソード電圧をCAT1_HV、CAT2_HV、CAT3_HVおよびCAT4_HVとする。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、ゲーティング制御回路420および選択回路410の両方を4画素で共有していたが、これらの一方を共有せず、画素ごとに配置することもできる。この第1の実施の形態の第1の変形例における光検出素子200は、選択回路410を画素ごとに配置した点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、インバータ421および422からなるゲーティング制御回路420を4画素で共有していたが、この構成では、画素ごとの回路面積をさらに削減することが困難である。この第1の実施の形態の第2の変形例における光検出素子200は、ゲーティング制御回路420内に論理ゲートやフリップフロップを配置した点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、ARパルス生成回路330は、アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過したときにアクティブリチャージを開始していたが、この構成では、デッドタイムをさらに短縮することが困難である。この第2の実施の形態における光検出素子200は、検出停止期間が経過したときにもアクティブリチャージを開始する点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、ゲーティング制御回路420および選択回路410を複数の画素で共有していたが、この構成では、画素当たりの回路面積をさらに削減することが困難である。この第3の実施の形態における光検出素子200は、リチャージ回路やAQパルス生成回路340などを複数の画素がさらに共有する点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第3の実施の形態では、上述の第1の実施の形態では、ARパルス生成回路330は、アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過したときにアクティブリチャージを開始していたが、この制御に限定されない。この第3の実施の形態における光検出素子200は、アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過時に加え、接続先を切り替えたときにもアクティブリチャージを開始する点において第3の実施の形態と異なる。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1)所定の検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第1の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第1の検出回路と、
前記検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第2の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第2の検出回路と、
前記検出停止期間を示すゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御する共有回路と
を具備する光検出装置。
(2)前記第1および第2の検出回路は、光子の入射を検出した場合には選択信号に従って第1および第2のパルス信号の少なくとも一方を出力し、
前記共有回路は、
前記ゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御するゲーティング制御回路と、
前記選択信号を生成して前記第1および第2の検出回路に供給する選択回路と
を備える前記(1)記載の光検出装置。
(3)前記ゲーティング制御回路は、
前記ゲーティングパルスを反転して反転信号を出力する前段インバータと、
前記反転信号を反転して前記第1および第2の検出回路に供給する後段インバータと
を備え、
前記前段インバータと前記後段インバータとの電源電圧が異なる
前記(2)記載の光検出装置。
(4)前記ゲーティング制御回路は、
前記ゲーティングパルスを反転してイネーブル信号として出力するインバータと、
前記第1および第2の検出回路のそれぞれからのパルス信号に対して論理演算を行って演算結果を出力する論理ゲートと、
前記イネーブル信号が所定値である場合には前記演算結果に同期して所定レベルの信号を前記第1および第2の検出回路に供給するフリップフロップと
を備える
前記(2)記載の光検出装置。
(5)前記共有回路は、
前記第1および第2の光電変換素子の一方のリチャージを行うリチャージ回路と、
所定のアクティブクウェンチ期間を示すアクティブクウェンチイネーブル信号に従って前記アクティブクウェンチ期間内に前記リチャージ回路と基準電圧とを接続するアクティブクウェンチスイッチと、
前記アクティブクウェンチイネーブル信号を生成するアクティブクウェンチパルス生成回路と
をさらに備える前記(1)記載の光検出装置。
(6)前記第1および第2の光電変換素子の一方を選択して前記リチャージ回路に接続するリチャージ切替スイッチをさらに具備し、
前記リチャージ回路は、
アクティブリチャージ電流源と、
パッシブリチャージ電流源と、
アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号に従って前記アクティブリチャージ電流源と前記リチャージ切替スイッチとの間の経路を開閉するアクティブリチャージスイッチと、
前記パッシブリチャージ電流源と前記リチャージ切替スイッチとの間の経路を開閉するパッシブリチャージスイッチと
を備え、
前記共有回路は、前記アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号を生成するアクティブリチャージパルス生成回路をさらに備える
前記(5)記載の光検出装置。
(7)前記共有回路は、
前記アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過したとき、または、前記リチャージ切替スイッチが切り替わったときにアクティブリチャージ開始信号を生成するアクティブリチャージ開始信号生成回路をさらに備え、
前記アクティブリチャージパルス生成回路は、アクティブリチャージ開始信号に基づいて前記アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号を生成する
前記(6)記載の光検出装置。
(8)前記検出回路は、
アクティブリチャージ電流源と、
アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号に従って前記アクティブリチャージ電流源と所定ノードとの間の経路を開閉するアクティブリチャージスイッチと、
所定のアクティブクウェンチ期間内に前記所定ノードと基準電圧とを接続するアクティブクウェンチスイッチと、
前記検出停止期間が経過したとき、または、前記アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過したときに前記アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号を生成するアクティブリチャージパルス生成回路と
を備える前記(1)記載の光検出装置。
(9)前記光電変換素子は、SPAD(Single-Photon Avalanche Diode)である
前記(1)から(8)のいずれかに記載の光検出装置。
(10)発光部と、
所定の検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第1の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第1の検出回路と、前記検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第2の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第2の検出回路と、前記検出停止期間を示すゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御する共有回路と、前記発光部の発光タイミングと前記第1および第2の検出回路のそれぞれの検出した前記光子の入射タイミングとに基づいて測距を行う測距部とを備える光検出素子と
を具備する測距装置。
(11)第1の検出回路が、所定の検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第1の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第1の検出手順と、
第2の検出回路が、前記検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第2の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第2の検出手順と、
共有回路が前記検出停止期間を示すゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御する制御手順と
を具備する光検出装置の制御方法。
110 発光部
120 同期制御部
200 光検出素子
201 画素チップ
202 回路チップ
210 受光部
211~214 光電変換素子
220 タイミング生成部
231 Hデコーダ
232 Vデコーダ
240 マルチプレクサ
241、242、411、423、524、532 OR(論理和)ゲート
250 時間デジタル変換器
260 ヒストグラム生成部
270 出力インターフェース
300 回路ブロック
311~314 検出回路
320 リチャージ回路
321 PR電流源
322 PRスイッチ
323 ゲーティングスイッチ
324 PRパルス生成回路
325 AR電流源
326 ARスイッチ
327 AQスイッチ
330 ARパルス生成回路
331、351 NAND(否定論理積)ゲート
332、333、342、344、345、381、382、421、422、511~513 インバータ
334、347 電流源
340 AQパルス生成回路
341、352、521、531、533 NOR(否定論理和)ゲート
343 遅延回路
346 容量素子
350 ゲーティング回路
360 ラッチ信号生成回路
361、412 ラッチ回路
362 レベルシフタ
370 出力制御回路
371 フリップフロップ
372~374、522 AND(論理積)ゲート
383、384 バッファ
400 共有回路
410 選択回路
420 ゲーティング制御回路
510 リチャージ切替制御部
523 リチャージ切替スイッチ
530 AR開始信号生成回路
12030 車外情報検出ユニット
Claims (11)
- 所定の検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第1の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第1の検出回路と、
前記検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第2の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第2の検出回路と、
前記検出停止期間を示すゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御する共有回路と
を具備する光検出装置。 - 前記第1および第2の検出回路は、光子の入射を検出した場合には選択信号に従って第1および第2のパルス信号の少なくとも一方を出力し、
前記共有回路は、
前記ゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御するゲーティング制御回路と、
前記選択信号を生成して前記第1および第2の検出回路に供給する選択回路と
を備える請求項1記載の光検出装置。 - 前記ゲーティング制御回路は、
前記ゲーティングパルスを反転して反転信号を出力する前段インバータと、
前記反転信号を反転して前記第1および第2の検出回路に供給する後段インバータと
を備え、
前記前段インバータと前記後段インバータとの電源電圧が異なる
請求項2記載の光検出装置。 - 前記ゲーティング制御回路は、
前記ゲーティングパルスを反転してイネーブル信号として出力するインバータと、
前記第1および第2の検出回路のそれぞれからのパルス信号に対して論理演算を行って演算結果を出力する論理ゲートと、
前記イネーブル信号が所定値である場合には前記演算結果に同期して所定レベルの信号を前記第1および第2の検出回路に供給するフリップフロップと
を備える
請求項2記載の光検出装置。 - 前記共有回路は、
前記第1および第2の光電変換素子の一方のリチャージを行うリチャージ回路と、
所定のアクティブクウェンチ期間を示すアクティブクウェンチイネーブル信号に従って前記アクティブクウェンチ期間内に前記リチャージ回路と基準電圧とを接続するアクティブクウェンチスイッチと、
前記アクティブクウェンチイネーブル信号を生成するアクティブクウェンチパルス生成回路と
をさらに備える請求項1記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1および第2の光電変換素子の一方を選択して前記リチャージ回路に接続するリチャージ切替スイッチをさらに具備し、
前記リチャージ回路は、
アクティブリチャージ電流源と、
パッシブリチャージ電流源と、
アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号に従って前記アクティブリチャージ電流源と前記リチャージ切替スイッチとの間の経路を開閉するアクティブリチャージスイッチと、
前記パッシブリチャージ電流源と前記リチャージ切替スイッチとの間の経路を開閉するパッシブリチャージスイッチと
を備え、
前記共有回路は、前記アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号を生成するアクティブリチャージパルス生成回路をさらに備える
請求項5記載の光検出装置。 - 前記共有回路は、
前記アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過したとき、または、前記リチャージ切替スイッチが切り替わったときにアクティブリチャージ開始信号を生成するアクティブリチャージ開始信号生成回路をさらに備え、
前記アクティブリチャージパルス生成回路は、アクティブリチャージ開始信号に基づいて前記アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号を生成する
請求項6記載の光検出装置。 - 前記検出回路は、
アクティブリチャージ電流源と、
アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号に従って前記アクティブリチャージ電流源と所定ノードとの間の経路を開閉するアクティブリチャージスイッチと、
所定のアクティブクウェンチ期間内に前記所定ノードと基準電圧とを接続するアクティブクウェンチスイッチと、
前記検出停止期間が経過したとき、または、前記アクティブクウェンチ期間が経過したときに前記アクティブリチャージイネーブル信号を生成するアクティブリチャージパルス生成回路と
を備える請求項1記載の光検出装置。 - 前記光電変換素子は、SPAD(Single-Photon Avalanche Diode)である
請求項1記載の光検出装置。 - 発光部と、
所定の検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第1の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第1の検出回路と、前記検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第2の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第2の検出回路と、前記検出停止期間を示すゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御する共有回路と、前記発光部の発光タイミングと前記第1および第2の検出回路のそれぞれの検出した前記光子の入射タイミングとに基づいて測距を行う測距部とを備える光検出素子と
を具備する測距装置。 - 第1の検出回路が、所定の検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第1の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第1の検出手順と、
第2の検出回路が、前記検出停止期間に該当しない期間内に第2の光電変換素子のアノードおよびカソードの一方の電圧に基づいて光子の入射を検出する第2の検出手順と、
共有回路が前記検出停止期間を示すゲーティングパルスの電圧を制御する制御手順と
を具備する光検出装置の制御方法。
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| JP2020096347A (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-18 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、撮像装置、および、固体撮像素子の制御方法 |
| JP2021050949A (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、および、電子機器 |
| WO2021171785A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-02 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 半導体装置、および、テストシステム |
| WO2022091607A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 受光装置及び測距装置 |
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| JP2020096347A (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-18 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、撮像装置、および、固体撮像素子の制御方法 |
| JP2021050949A (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、および、電子機器 |
| WO2021171785A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-02 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 半導体装置、および、テストシステム |
| WO2022091607A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 受光装置及び測距装置 |
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| WO2026014138A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-09 | 2026-01-15 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 光検出装置および光検出システム |
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