WO2024078478A1 - 一种新型点聚焦光热系统 - Google Patents

一种新型点聚焦光热系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024078478A1
WO2024078478A1 PCT/CN2023/123700 CN2023123700W WO2024078478A1 WO 2024078478 A1 WO2024078478 A1 WO 2024078478A1 CN 2023123700 W CN2023123700 W CN 2023123700W WO 2024078478 A1 WO2024078478 A1 WO 2024078478A1
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Prior art keywords
solar thermal
thermal collector
focusing
mirror field
point
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PCT/CN2023/123700
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祝长宇
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北京中热能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024078478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024078478A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F24S2020/23—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants movable or adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/133—Transmissions in the form of flexible elements, e.g. belts, chains, ropes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of tower-type photothermal concentrating technology, and in particular to a novel point-focusing photothermal system.
  • Solar thermal concentrating heat storage system is a kind of medium-high temperature utilization of solar thermal resources.
  • the concentrated heat can be used for various heat demand applications such as steam and power generation.
  • solar thermal power generation technology can be divided into tower type, trough type, butterfly type and Fresnel type.
  • the tower type heat collection system has become the main direction of large-scale application of the solar thermal industry in the future due to its high heat collection efficiency, high thermal conversion efficiency, high system comprehensive efficiency, large cost reduction space, and suitable for large-scale application.
  • the solar tower system is also called a centralized concentrating system.
  • the present invention proposes a new point-focusing solar thermal system to solve one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems.
  • the present invention can make full use of solar energy resources and achieve optimal coordination.
  • the present invention provides a novel point-focusing photothermal system, comprising a solar thermal collector for collecting solar thermal energy, a mounting frame for the solar thermal collector, a hot working medium circulating in the solar thermal collector, and a mirror field of the solar thermal collector;
  • the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector comprises a column, a beam, a suspension wire and a ground wire; the column is fixed to the ground, the beam is fixed to the upper part of the column, and the two ends of the beam are respectively fixed to the top of the column by the suspension wire; the end of the beam close to the column is fixed to the ground by the ground wire, so as to assemble into a mounting frame of the solar thermal collector;
  • the solar thermal collector is fixed to the end of the beam of the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector away from the column;
  • the mirror field of the solar thermal collector is the shadow point O formed by the solar thermal collector at 12 noon on the vernal equinox or the autumnal equinox A square mirror field is formed as the center.
  • the mirror field of the solar thermal collector is a square mirror field;
  • the semi-major axis r of the square mirror field is 0.5h ⁇ tan ⁇ 3h ⁇ tan ⁇ , wherein h is the height of the solar thermal collector, and ⁇ is the latitude of the location of the novel point-focusing photothermal system; thus, a square mirror field is formed with the shadow point O formed by the solar thermal collector at noon on the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox as the center and 2r as the side length.
  • the mirror field of the solar thermal collector is filled with many concentrators, and the concentrators are distributed around the shadow point O formed by the solar thermal collector at 12 noon on the vernal or autumnal equinox as the center.
  • a dual-axis automatic tracking system is provided on the concentrator; the dual-axis automatic tracking system automatically tracks the changes in the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun, realizes real-time tracking of the sun, and always maintains maximum efficiency in reflecting and focusing sunlight onto the solar thermal collector.
  • the thermal working medium of the solar thermal collection device is liquid, gas or phase change working medium.
  • the heat medium input and output pipelines of the solar thermal collector device are respectively connected to the main pipeline on the ground along the crossbeams and columns of the installation frame of the solar thermal collector device.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: through the reasonable design of the square mirror field of the solar thermal collector, the mirror utilization rate of the concentrator is improved, and the ratio of the mirror area to the land area is achieved at 1:2-1:3, thereby improving the land utilization rate; through the design of the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector, the obstruction of the bottom of the solar thermal collector is avoided, thereby increasing the effective irradiation area of the solar thermal collector; at the same time, the system directly uses liquid, gas or phase change working fluid as the heat medium, which can be directly used for power generation and heat supply, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mounting frame of a solar thermal collector device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a mirror field design diagram of the solar thermal collector of the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the mirror field structure of the novel point-focusing photothermal system of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a novel point-focusing photothermal system, comprising: a solar thermal collector 1 for collecting solar thermal energy, a mounting frame for the solar thermal collector, a hot working medium circulating in the solar thermal collector, a mirror field 5 of the solar thermal collector, and a heat
  • the mirror field 5 of the solar thermal collector is a square mirror field;
  • the thermal working fluid of the solar thermal collector is a liquid, a gas or a phase change working fluid.
  • the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector comprises a column 22, a beam 21, a suspension wire 31 and a ground wire 32.
  • the column 22 is fixed on the ground
  • the beam 21 is fixed on the upper part of the column 22, and the two ends of the beam 21 are fixed to the top of the column 22 by the suspension wire 31; the end of the beam 21 close to the column 22 is fixed to the ground by the ground wire 32, so as to assemble the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector.
  • the solar thermal collector 1 is fixed to the end of the beam 21 of the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector away from the column 22.
  • the input and output pipelines of the heat medium of the solar thermal collector 1 are respectively connected to the main pipeline on the ground along the crossbeam 21 and the column 22.
  • the mirror field 5 of the solar thermal collector is a square mirror field 5 formed with the shadow point O formed by the solar thermal collector 1 at noon (12 noon) on the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox as the center.
  • the dotted line range where the solar energy collector 1 is located is the mirror field 5 of the solar energy collector.
  • the mirror field is a square with point O as the center and 2r as the side length.
  • a group of concentrators 4 are installed in the mirror field 5 where the solar thermal collector 1 is located.
  • the concentrators 4 are arranged with the shadow point O formed by the solar thermal collector 1 at 12 noon on the vernal equinox or the autumnal equinox as the center.
  • the mirror surface of the concentrator 4 at point O is just perpendicular to the sunlight, and then other concentrators 4 are arranged in the north-south and east-west directions with point O as the center, so that all the concentrators 4 can achieve focusing, and the normal of the concentrator 4 is as parallel as possible to the sunlight, that is, the mirror surface of the concentrator 4 is as perpendicular to the sunlight as possible; in addition, the distance between adjacent concentrators 4 must ensure that one concentrator cannot leave a shadow on the adjacent concentrator, and cannot focus light on the back of the front mirror.
  • the concentrator 4 is provided with dual-axis automatic tracking to ensure that the concentrator 4 can concentrate sunlight onto the solar thermal collector 1 with maximum efficiency; the dual-axis automatic tracking system automatically tracks changes in the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun to achieve real-time tracking of the sun, always keeping the mirror surface as vertical as possible to the sunlight, and focusing the sunlight onto the solar thermal collector 1 with maximum efficiency.
  • the reasonable design of the square mirror field 5 of the solar thermal collector 1 improves the utilization rate of land, and realizes a ratio of mirror area to land area of 1:2-1:3, which is more than twice the current ratio of mirror area to land area of 1:5-1:6;
  • the design of the mounting frame of the solar thermal collector 1 is different from the supporting columns of the existing solar thermal collector 1.
  • the bottom of the solar heat collecting device 1 is no longer blocked, thereby increasing the effective irradiation area of the solar heat collecting device 1;
  • liquid, gas or phase change working fluid is used as the heat medium of the solar thermal collector 1, which can be directly used for power generation and heat supply, thereby improving heat utilization efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种新型点聚焦光热系统，包括用于收集太阳热能的太阳能集热装置（1）、太阳能集热装置（1）的安装架、在太阳能集热装置（1）中循环的热工质以及与太阳能集热装置（1）的镜场（5）；太阳能集热装置（1）的镜场（5）是以太阳能集热装置（1）在春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点为中心形成的一个正方形镜场；本发明新型点聚焦光热系统通过提高聚光镜的聚光效率，增加镜面面积和土地面积比例，提高土地的利用率，增加太阳能集热装置有效照射面积，有效提高光资源的利用率，降低成本。

Description

一种新型点聚焦光热系统 技术领域
本发明涉及塔式光热聚光技术领域，具体涉及一种新型点聚焦光热系统。
背景技术
为了实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的国家重大战略，开发利用可再生能源成为重要的路径。太阳能作为重要的可再生能源，资源充足、长寿、分布广泛、安全、清洁以及技术可靠的优点，开发利用太阳能可以显著减少环境污染，缓解能源危机，有望成为化石能源的重要替代能源。
太阳能光热聚光蓄热系统是光热资源中高温利用的一种，聚集的热量可以供蒸汽、发电等各种热需求应用。根据聚热方式的不同太阳能热发电技术可以分为塔式、槽式、蝶式和菲涅尔式。而塔式聚热系统以其集热效率高，热工转换效率高，系统综合效率高，成本降低空间大，合适大规模应用等优点而成为光热产业未来大规模应用的主要方向。太阳能塔式系统又称集中式聚光系统。它是在很大面积的场地上装有许多台大型太阳能反射镜，通常称为定日镜，每台都各自配有跟踪机构准确的将太阳光反射集中到一个高塔顶部的接受器上。接受器上的聚光倍率可超过1000倍。在这里把吸收的太阳光能转化成热能，再将热能传给工质。然而至今该项技术的发展仍受到诸多阻困，其原因主要有三点：一是定日镜跟踪成本过高；二是定日镜的镜场土地利用率低，无法实现大规模聚光；三是定日镜的底部遮挡严重，有效利用面积效率低；因此，目前的塔式太阳能光热系统聚热成本居高不下，离市场化要求仍有较大的距离。
发明内容
为了解决以上问题，本发明提出了一种新型点聚焦光热系统，以解决上述存在的一个或多个技术问题，本发明能够充分利用太阳能资源，实现最优配合。
为实现上述技术方案，本发明提供了一种新型点聚焦光热系统，包括用于收集太阳热能的太阳能集热装置、太阳能集热装置的安装架、在太阳能集热装置中循环的热工质以及太阳能集热装置的镜场；所述太阳能集热装置的安装架包括立柱、横梁、悬吊拉丝和地面拉丝；所述立柱固定在地面上，横梁安装固定在立柱的上部，横梁的两端分别通过悬吊拉丝固定在立柱的顶部；横梁靠近立柱的一端通过地面拉丝固定在地上，这样组装成太阳能集热装置的安装架；所述太阳能集热装置安装固定在所述太阳能集热装置的安装架横梁远离立柱的一端；所述太阳能集热装置的镜场是以太阳能集热装置在春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点 为中心形成的一个正方形镜场。
进一步地，所述太阳能集热装置的镜场是一个正方形镜场；所述正方形镜场半长径r＝0.5h·tanθ～3h·tanθ，其中h是太阳能集热装置的高度，θ是新型点聚焦光热系统所在地的纬度；这样就组成了一个以太阳能集热装置在春分或者秋分正午时刻形成的影子O点为中心，2r为边长的正方形镜场。
进一步地，所述太阳能集热装置的镜场中布满许多聚光镜，所述聚光镜以太阳能集热装置春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点为中心进行分布。
进一步地，所述的聚光镜上设有双轴自动跟踪系统；所述双轴自动跟踪系统是自动跟踪太阳的方位角和高度角的变化，实现对日实时跟踪，时刻保持最大效率的将太阳光反射聚焦到太阳能集热装置上。
进一步地，所述太阳能集热装置的热工质是液体、气体或者相变工质。
进一步地，所述太阳能集热装置的热工质输入、输出管道分别沿太阳能集热装置的安装架的横梁和立柱与地面的总管道汇通。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优势：通过太阳能集热装置正方形的镜场的合理设计，提高了聚光镜的镜面利用率，实现镜面面积和土地面积的比例1:2-1:3，提高了土地的利用率；通过太阳能集热装置的安装架的设计，避免了太阳能集热装置底部的遮挡，提高太阳能集热装置有效照射面积；同时，本系统直接采用液体、气体或者相变工质作为热介质，可以直接用于发电和供热，提高热利用效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明太阳能集热装置的安装架的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的太阳能集热装置的镜场设计图。
图3为本发明的新型点聚焦光热系统镜场结构示意图。
图中：1、太阳能集热装置；21、横梁；22、立柱；31、悬吊拉丝；32、地面拉丝；4、聚光镜；5、镜场。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本领域普通人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明一种新型点聚焦光热系统，包括：用于收集太阳热能的太阳能集热装置1、太阳能集热装置的安装架、在太阳能集热装置中循环的热工质、太阳能集热装置的镜场5以及热 工质的管道；所述太阳能集热装置的镜场5是一个正方形镜场；所述太阳能集热装置的热工质是液体、气体或者相变工质。
请参考图1所示，所述太阳能集热装置的安装架包括立柱22、横梁21、悬吊拉丝31和地面拉丝32。所述立柱22固定在地面上，横梁21安装固定在立柱22的上部，横梁21的两端分别通过悬吊拉丝31固定在立柱22的顶部；横梁21靠近立柱22的一端通过地面拉丝32固定在地上，这样组装成太阳能集热装置的安装架。所述太阳能集热装置1安装固定在所述太阳能集热装置的安装架横梁21远离立柱22的一端。
进一步地，太阳能集热装置1热工质的输入、输出管道分别沿横梁21和立柱22与地面的总管道汇通。
请参考图2中a和b图所示，太阳能集热装置的镜场5是以太阳能集热装置1在春分或者秋分正午时刻(中午12点)形成的影子O点为中心形成的一个正方形镜场5，所述正方形镜场5半长径r的确定与太阳能集热装置1的高度h和该系统所处的纬度θ有关，r＝0.5h·tanθ～3h·tanθ。
请参考图2中c图所示，图中太阳能集热装置1所在的虚线范围就是该太阳能集热装置的镜场5，镜场是以O点为中心，2r为边长的正方形。
请参照图3所示，太阳能集热装置1所在的镜场5中安装有一组组聚光镜4，所述聚光镜4以太阳能集热装置1在春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点为中心进行布局，O点这一点上的聚光镜4的镜面正好与太阳光垂直，然后其他的聚光镜4以O点为中心进行在南北和东西两个方向的进行布局，使所有的聚光镜4在实现聚光的前提下，聚光镜4的法线与太阳光线尽量平行，即聚光镜4的镜面尽量与太阳光垂直；另外相邻聚光镜4之间的距离要保证一个聚光镜不能在相邻的聚光镜上个留下阴影，也不能聚光到前面镜子的后背上。
进一步地，所述聚光镜4设有双轴自动跟踪，确保聚光镜4最大效率的把阳光能够聚到太阳能集热装置1；所述的双轴自动跟踪系统是自动跟踪太阳的方位角和高度角的变化，实现对日实时跟踪，时刻保持镜面与太阳光尽量垂直，最大效率的将太阳光聚焦到太阳能集热装置1上。
本发明分布式光热系统具有以下有益效果：
1、通过太阳能集热装置1正方形的镜场5的合理设计，提高了土地的利用率，实现镜面面积和土地面积的比例1:2-1:3，相比于现在镜面面积和土地面积比例的1:5-1:6，提高了2倍以上；
2、太阳能集热装置1的安装架的设计，相比于现有太阳能集热装置1的支撑柱，本发 明的太阳能集热装置1底部不在被遮挡，提高太阳能集热装置1有效照射面积；
3、本发明中采用液体、气体或者相变工质作为太阳能集热装置1的热介质，可以直接用于发电和供热，提高热利用效率。
需要说明的是，在本申请的上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上所述仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种新型点聚焦光热系统，其特征在于：包括用于收集太阳热能的太阳能集热装置、太阳能集热装置的安装架、在太阳能集热装置中循环的热工质以及太阳能集热装置的镜场；所述太阳能集热装置的安装架包括立柱、横梁、悬吊拉丝和地面拉丝；所述立柱固定在地面上，横梁安装固定在立柱的上部，横梁的两端分别通过悬吊拉丝固定在立柱的顶部；横梁靠近立柱的一端通过地面拉丝固定在地上，这样组装成太阳能集热装置的安装架；所述太阳能集热装置安装固定在所述太阳能集热装置的安装架横梁远离立柱的一端；所述太阳能集热装置的镜场是以太阳能集热装置在春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点为中心形成的一个正方形镜场。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型点聚焦光热系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热装置的镜场是一个正方形镜场；所述正方形镜场半长径r＝0.5h·tanθ～3h·tanθ，其中h是太阳能集热装置的高度，θ是新型点聚焦光热系统所在地的纬度；这样就组成了一个以太阳能集热装置在春分或者秋分正午时刻形成的影子O点为中心，2r为边长的正方形镜场。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型点聚焦光热系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热装置的镜场中布满许多聚光镜，所述聚光镜以太阳能集热装置春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点为中心进行分布。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型点聚焦光热系统，其特征在于：所述的聚光镜上设有双轴自动跟踪系统；所述双轴自动跟踪系统是自动跟踪太阳的方位角和高度角的变化，实现对日实时跟踪，时刻保持最大效率的将太阳光反射聚焦到太阳能集热装置上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型点聚焦光热系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热装置的热工质是液体、气体或者相变工质。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型点聚焦光热系统，其特征在于：太阳能集热装置的热工质输入、输出管道分别沿太阳能集热装置的安装架的横梁和立柱与地面的总管道汇通。
PCT/CN2023/123700 2022-10-13 2023-10-10 一种新型点聚焦光热系统 WO2024078478A1 (zh)

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CN115468320A (zh) * 2022-10-13 2022-12-13 北京中热信息科技有限公司 一种新型点聚焦光热系统

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