WO2024077786A1 - 光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统 - Google Patents

光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024077786A1
WO2024077786A1 PCT/CN2022/142449 CN2022142449W WO2024077786A1 WO 2024077786 A1 WO2024077786 A1 WO 2024077786A1 CN 2022142449 W CN2022142449 W CN 2022142449W WO 2024077786 A1 WO2024077786 A1 WO 2024077786A1
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Prior art keywords
equal
optical system
fresnel
lens
depth
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PCT/CN2022/142449
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English (en)
French (fr)
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贾春辉
杨福臻
张佳宁
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北京凌宇智控科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024077786A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024077786A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens

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  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic equipment, and in particular to an optical system, a wearable interactive device and an interactive system.
  • image information is presented based on the optical system, and the electrical signals generated by computer technology are combined with various output devices to transform the image information into objects that people can feel. These objects can be similar to real objects or virtual objects.
  • Fresnel lenses are usually composed of many small saw teeth. They refract or reflect the light path by controlling the working surface. Therefore, they are thin and light. They can also eliminate some spherical aberrations, making them a common optical module component in virtual reality technology.
  • Traditional Fresnel surfaces can be divided into two types: equal width and equal depth.
  • both structures are regularly changing structures, there is a regular optical path difference between the light rays of each tooth structure, especially in the peripheral area of the optical element.
  • the diffraction ring caused by the overly dense and deep tooth structure at the edge of the Fresnel lens and the glare problem caused by poor tooth processing affect the user experience.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an optical system, a wearable interactive device, and an interactive system to at least partially solve the above problems.
  • an optical system comprising: a display source and a first lens; the first lens comprises a light incident surface and a light exit surface, the light incident surface comprises a first region and a second region, wherein the light incident surface is a Fresnel surface, and the light exit surface is an aspherical surface; the first region is arranged at the center of the light incident surface, the second region is arranged around the first region, the first region comprises a Fresnel surface of equal depth or equal width, and the second region comprises a Fresnel surface of equal depth and equal width.
  • a wearable interactive device which includes the optical system as described in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
  • an interactive system which includes the wearable interactive device as described in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical system provided by the embodiment of the present application, by setting the first area of the light incident surface to an equal-depth or equal-width Fresnel surface, and setting the second area of the light incident surface to an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface, the problem that the tooth width in the traditional equal-depth Fresnel surface decreases rapidly with the increase of the aperture, and the tooth depth in the traditional equal-width Fresnel surface increases rapidly with the increase of the aperture is solved. Therefore, the diffraction ring caused by the overly dense and deep tooth structure at the edge of the Fresnel lens and the glare problem caused by poor tooth processing are improved, thereby improving the user experience.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an equal-depth Fresnel surface in the prior art
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an equal-width Fresnel surface in the prior art
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an equal-depth Fresnel surface and an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Fresnel surface of equal width and a Fresnel surface of equal depth and equal width provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG6A is a schematic structural diagram of a curved base Fresnel surface in application scenario 1;
  • FIG6B is a schematic structural diagram of a planar base Fresnel surface in application scenario 1;
  • FIG7A is a modulation transfer function diagram for application scenario 1 on a curved base Fresnel surface
  • FIG7B is a modulation transfer function diagram for application scenario 1 on a flat base Fresnel surface
  • FIG8 is a diffusion pattern of application scenario 1
  • FIG9 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 1;
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical system in application scenario 2;
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the curved base Fresnel surface in application scenario 2;
  • FIG12 is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario 2;
  • FIG13 is a diffusion pattern diagram of application scenario 2;
  • FIG14 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 2;
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical system in application scenario three;
  • FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar base Fresnel surface of an optical system in application scenario three;
  • FIG17 is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario three
  • FIG18 is a diffusion pattern of application scenario three
  • FIG19 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario three
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical system in application scenario 4.
  • FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar base Fresnel surface of an optical system in application scenario 4;
  • FIG22 is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario 4.
  • FIG23 is a diffusion pattern of application scenario 4.
  • FIG24 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 4.
  • FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the relative position between the human eye and the main optical axis in the above-mentioned application scenario of the present application.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present application to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.
  • first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information.
  • word "if” as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of” or "when” or "in response to determining”.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an equal-depth Fresnel surface in the prior art.
  • the tooth depth H is equal
  • the middle tooth width W is generally wider
  • the tooth width W of each sawtooth decreases from the center to both sides.
  • the tooth width W in the edge area of the component becomes very small, and the mold design and component processing are difficult, resulting in large errors in the control of the tooth width W and the surface accuracy of the working surface, affecting the optical effect.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equal-width Fresnel surface of the prior art.
  • the tooth width W is equal, and the tooth depth H increases from the center to both sides.
  • the tooth depth H in the edge area of the component becomes very large, and the mold design and component processing are difficult, resulting in large errors in the control of the tooth depth H and the surface accuracy of the working surface, affecting the optical effect.
  • the two existing structures are regularly changing structures, there is a regular optical path difference between the light of each tooth structure, especially in the peripheral area of the optical element, the colored ring caused by the diffraction ring of the Fresnel lens and the glare problem caused by poor tooth processing affect the user experience.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical system includes: a display image source IMA and a first lens L1.
  • the first lens includes a light incident surface and a light exit surface.
  • the light incident surface is a Fresnel surface, and the light exit surface is an aspherical surface.
  • the light incident surface includes a first area and a second area. The first area is set at the center of the light incident surface, and the second area is set around the first area.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an equal-depth Fresnel surface and an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first area of the light incident surface is a traditional equal-depth Fresnel surface with equal tooth depths H and unequal tooth widths W;
  • the second area of the light incident surface is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface with equal tooth widths W and equal tooth depths H.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an equal-width Fresnel surface and an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first area of the light incident surface is a traditional equal-width Fresnel, with equal tooth width W and unequal tooth depths H;
  • the second area of the light incident surface is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface, with equal tooth width W and equal tooth depth H.
  • the first lens satisfies 4 mm ⁇ T ⁇ 10 mm, where T is the center thickness of the first lens.
  • the center thickness of the first lens is set to be between 4 mm and 10 mm, thereby controlling the center thickness of the first lens and making the first lens thinner and lighter.
  • the refractive index range of the first lens is greater than or equal to 1.45 and less than or equal to 1.60, and the dispersion coefficient of the first lens is greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 75.
  • the refractive index indicates the ratio of the speed of light propagating in a vacuum to the speed of light propagating in a lens.
  • the Abbe number also known as the dispersion coefficient
  • the Abbe number is used to measure the imaging quality of a lens.
  • the Abbe number is inversely proportional to the refractive index of the lens. The higher the refractive index, the stronger the ability of incident light to refract.
  • the refractive index of the lens is larger, the smaller the Abbe number, the more obvious the dispersion, and the worse the imaging quality. Conversely, the imaging quality is better.
  • the refractive index range of the first lens to be greater than or equal to 1.45 and less than or equal to 1.60, and the dispersion coefficient of the first lens to be greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 75, aberration correction can be achieved, thereby ensuring high resolution imaging.
  • the optical power of the first lens is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.045.
  • the optical power is used to indicate the ability of an optical system to deflect light, which is equal to the difference between the convergence of the image-side light beam and the convergence of the object-side light beam.
  • the optical power of the lens is positive, it means that the lens can focus the light.
  • the optical power of the lens is negative, it means that the lens can diverge the light.
  • the first area of the light incident surface is a conventional equal-depth or equal-width Fresnel surface, which is arranged at the center of the light incident surface, wherein the tooth width W of the equal-width Fresnel surface satisfies 0.2mm ⁇ W ⁇ 0.6mm, and the tooth depth H of the equal-depth Fresnel surface satisfies H ⁇ 0.6mm.
  • the first region is a traditional equal-depth or equal-width Fresnel surface, which can effectively reduce the weight of the component and improve the performance of the optical module compared to an aspherical surface or a spherical surface.
  • the second area of the light incident surface of the first lens is a Fresnel surface of equal width and depth, and the second area is arranged around the first area, and the tooth width and tooth depth are equal, wherein the tooth width W satisfies 0.2mm ⁇ W ⁇ 0.6mm, and the tooth depth H satisfies H ⁇ 0.6mm, thereby dividing the range of the first area and the second area.
  • the second area of the light incident surface is a Fresnel surface of equal depth and width, which can effectively reduce the processing error of the lens edge serrations, reduce the processing difficulty, and improve the quality of the optical module. It can effectively improve the diffraction ring caused by the overly dense and deep tooth structure at the edge of the Fresnel surface and the glare problem caused by poor serration processing, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the Fresnel surface base surface of the light incident surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface, wherein the curvature radius R of the curved surface base surface is ⁇ -40 mm.
  • z is used to characterize the vector height
  • c is used to characterize the curvature corresponding to the radius of curvature
  • r is used to characterize the radial length
  • k is used to characterize the coefficient of the conic quadratic curve
  • ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 1c are respectively used to characterize the coefficients corresponding to each radial coordinate on the radius of curvature; wherein, when k is less than -1, the surface curve is a hyperbola, and when k is equal to -1, the surface curve is a parabola; when k is greater than -1 and less than 0, the surface curve is an ellipse, when k is equal to 0, the surface curve is a circle, and when k is greater than 0, the surface curve is an oblate circle.
  • the specific surface shape of the aspheric surface forming the Fresnel surface or the light-emitting surface of the first lens can be reasonably configured based on the above formula in combination with the requirements of the application scenario.
  • the distance between the light-emitting surface of the first lens L1 and the human eye is not less than 12 mm, and the range of the conical area formed between the light-emitting surface of the first lens L1 and the human eye is not less than 10 mm.
  • the distance between the light emitting surface of the first lens L1 and the human eye is not less than 12 mm, and the range of the conical area formed between the light emitting surface of the first lens L1 and the human eye is not less than 10 mm, so that the user can quickly adjust to the optimal imaging position, enhancing the user experience.
  • the field of view FOV of the optical system satisfies: 90° ⁇ FOV ⁇ 105°.
  • the user's sense of dizziness can be reduced and the user's sense of immersion can be improved.
  • the configuration of the lens is exemplarily described below in combination with the requirements of specific application scenarios.
  • Table 1 shows the optical parameters of the lens in the first application scenario of the optical system, where the focal length of the lens is 0.04 and the field of view FOV is 91°.
  • Nd is the refractive index
  • Vd is the Abbe number
  • surface number S1 is the light exit surface of the first lens L1
  • surface number S2 is the light incident surface of the first lens L1.
  • Table 2 is a schematic diagram of optical parameters of the lens in application scenario 1, including the corresponding relationship between the light incident surface S2 and the light exit surface S1 of the lens and the coefficient k of the conic quadratic curve, and the coefficients ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 6 , and ⁇ 8 corresponding to each radial coordinate on the radius of curvature.
  • Figure 6A is a structural schematic diagram of the curved base Fresnel surface in application scenario one.
  • the curvature radius of the current Fresnel surface base surface is -70mm
  • the first area is a traditional equal-width Fresnel surface
  • the tooth width W is 0.5mm.
  • the second area is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface
  • the tooth width W is 0.5mm.
  • the limited tooth depth H is 0.35mm.
  • Figure 6B is a structural schematic diagram of the planar base Fresnel surface in application scenario one.
  • the first area is a traditional equal-width Fresnel surface with a tooth width W of 0.5 mm
  • the second area is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface with a tooth width W of 0.5 mm
  • the limited tooth depth H is 0.35 mm.
  • FIG7A is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario 1 on a curved base Fresnel surface.
  • the horizontal axis represents the number of lines per millimeter on the imaging surface (Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm), and the vertical axis represents the modulation transfer function (MTF) value.
  • MTF modulation transfer function
  • each image source parameter includes the image height of the displayed image source and whether the image quality is the tangential image quality or the sagittal image quality, as follows:
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, Tangential imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 14.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF5;
  • Image height is 22.40 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF3;
  • Image height is 28.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF1;
  • the figure shows that the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) values of the optical system in each field of view are all above 0.4, and therefore have good resolution.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • Figure 7B is a modulation transfer function diagram for application scenario 1 on a flat base Fresnel surface.
  • the horizontal axis represents the number of lines per millimeter on the imaging surface (Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm), and the vertical axis represents the modulation transfer function (MTF) value.
  • the image source parameters configured the same as the curved base Fresnel surface are as follows:
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, Tangential imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 14.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF5;
  • Image height is 22.40 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF3;
  • Image height is 28.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF1;
  • the optical system As shown in FIG7B , compared with the curved base Fresnel surface (the curve in FIG7A ), the optical system has reduced performance at the edge of the field of view, but the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function, MTF) values of each field of view are all above 0.4, and therefore have good resolution.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • FIG8 is a diffuse spot diagram of application scenario 1.
  • the image source parameters of the display image source are (image height in the x direction, image height in the y direction).
  • 11 groups of image source parameters of the display image source are taken as an example to illustrate the technical effect of the embodiment of the present disclosure from the perspective of field of view diffuse spots.
  • the image source parameters of the 11 groups of display image sources are respectively recorded as IMA(0.000mm, 0.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 2.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 5.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 8.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 11.200mm), IMA(0.000mm, 14.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 16.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 19.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 22.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 25.200mm), and IMA(0.000mm, 28.000mm).
  • the sizes of the diffuse spots are all smaller than the diffuse spot size threshold (eg, 300 ⁇ m) when the matching imaging quality is good, and therefore the imaging quality is good.
  • the diffuse spot size threshold eg, 300 ⁇ m
  • FIG9 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 1. As shown in FIG9 , since the distortion value is located to the left of 0, the distortion has no inflection. Therefore, it is shown that the distortion of the embodiment of the present disclosure presents a linear change.
  • Table 3 shows the optical parameters of the second lens in the application scenario of the optical system.
  • the focal length is 0.04, the field of view angle FOV is 102.5°,
  • Na is the refractive index
  • Va is the Abbe number
  • surface number S1 is the light exit surface of the first lens L1
  • surface number S2 is the light incident surface of the first lens L1.
  • Table 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical parameters of the lens, including the corresponding relationship between the light incident surface S2, the light exit surface S1 of the lens and the coefficient k of the conic quadratic curve, and the coefficients ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 6 , and ⁇ 8 corresponding to each radial coordinate on the radius of curvature.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical system in the second application scenario. Compared with the optical system in the first application scenario (as shown in FIG3 ), the thickness of the lens is significantly thinner and the volume is smaller.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the curved base Fresnel surface in application scenario 2.
  • the curvature radius of the curved base of the Fresnel surface is -220 mm.
  • the first area is a traditional equal-depth Fresnel surface with a tooth depth H of 0.2 mm
  • the second area is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface with a tooth depth H of 0.2 mm and a limited tooth width W of 0.2 mm.
  • FIG12 is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario 2. As shown in FIG12 , the horizontal axis represents the number of lines per millimeter on the imaging surface (Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm), and the vertical axis represents the modulation transfer function (MTF) value. In order to preliminarily verify the effect of the disclosed solution, the following eight image source parameters are configured to determine the modulation transfer function value.
  • each image source parameter includes the image height of the displayed image source and whether the image quality is the tangential image quality or the sagittal image quality, as follows:
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, Tangential imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 14.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF5;
  • Image height is 22.40 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF3;
  • Image height is 28.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF1;
  • the MTF value of the optical system of the second application scenario in each field of view is above 0.3, which has good resolution.
  • FIG13 is a diffusion pattern diagram of application scenario 2.
  • the image source parameters of the display image source are recorded as (image height in the x direction, image height in the y direction).
  • 11 groups of image source parameters of the display image source are taken as an example to illustrate the technical effect of the embodiment of the present disclosure from the perspective of field of view diffusion pattern.
  • the image source parameters of the 11 groups of display image sources are respectively recorded as IMA(0.000mm, 0.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 2.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 5.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 8.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 11.200mm), IMA(0.000mm, 14.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 16.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 19.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 22.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 25.200mm), and IMA(0.000mm, 28.000mm).
  • the imaging quality is good.
  • FIG14 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 2. As shown in FIG14 , since the distortion value is located on the left side of 0, the distortion has no inflection. Therefore, it is shown that the distortion of the embodiment of the present disclosure presents a linear change.
  • Table 5 shows the optical parameters of the application scenario three of the optical system, where the focal length of the lens is 0.04 and the field of view FOV is 104°.
  • Nd is the refractive index
  • Vd is the Abbe number
  • surface number S1 is the light exit surface of the first lens L1
  • surface number S2 is the light incident surface of the first lens L1.
  • Table 6 is a schematic diagram of the optical parameters of the lens, including the corresponding relationship between the light incident surface S2, the light exit surface S1 of the lens and the coefficient k of the conic quadratic curve, and the coefficients ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 6 , and ⁇ 8 corresponding to each radial coordinate on the radius of curvature.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical system in application scenario three, in which the materials and optical parameters are changed compared with the optical system in application scenario one (as shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plane base Fresnel surface of the optical system in application scenario 3, where the base surface of the Fresnel surface is a plane.
  • the first area is a traditional equal-width Fresnel surface with a tooth width W of 0.2 mm
  • the second area is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface with a tooth width W of 0.2 mm and a limited tooth depth H of 0.15 mm.
  • FIG17 is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario 3. As shown in FIG17 , the horizontal axis represents the number of line pairs per millimeter on the imaging surface (Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm), and the vertical axis represents the modulation transfer function (MTF) value. In order to preliminarily verify the effect of the disclosed solution, the following eight image source parameters are configured to determine the modulation transfer function value.
  • each image source parameter includes the image height of the displayed image source and whether the image quality is the tangential image quality or the sagittal image quality, as follows:
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, Tangential imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 7.66 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF5;
  • Image height is 13.40 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF3;
  • Image height is 19.15 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF1;
  • the MTF value of the optical system of application scenario three in each field of view is above 0.2, and has good resolution.
  • FIG18 is a diffusion pattern diagram of application scenario three.
  • the image source parameters of the display image source are recorded as (image height in the x direction, image height in the y direction).
  • 11 groups of image source parameters of the display image source are taken as an example to illustrate the technical effect of the embodiment of the present disclosure from the perspective of field of view diffusion pattern.
  • the image source parameters of the 11 groups of display image sources are respectively recorded as IMA(0.000mm, 0.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 2.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 5.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 8.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 11.200mm), IMA(0.000mm, 14.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 16.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 19.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 22.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 25.200mm), and IMA(0.000mm, 28.000mm).
  • the imaging quality is good.
  • FIG19 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 3. As shown in FIG19 , since the distortion value is located on the left side of 0, the distortion has no inflection. Therefore, it is shown that the distortion of the embodiment of the present disclosure presents a linear change.
  • Table 7 shows the optical parameters of the four lenses in the application scenario.
  • the focal length is 0.042 and the field of view FOV is 98°.
  • Nd is the refractive index
  • Vd is the Abbe number
  • surface number S1 is the light exit surface of the first lens L1
  • surface number S2 is the light incident surface of the first lens L1.
  • Table 8 is a schematic diagram of the optical parameters of the lens, including the corresponding relationship between the light incident surface S2, the light exit surface S1, the coefficient k of the conic quadratic curve, and the coefficients ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 6 , and ⁇ 8 corresponding to each radial coordinate on the radius of curvature.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical system in application scenario 4.
  • the difference from application scenario 1 (as shown in FIG. 3 ) is that the surface shape and thickness of the lens change.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plane base Fresnel surface of the optical system in application scenario 4.
  • the first area is a traditional equal-depth Fresnel surface with a tooth depth H of 0.6 mm
  • the second area is an equal-depth and equal-width Fresnel surface with a tooth depth H of 0.6 mm and a limited tooth width W of 0.6 mm.
  • FIG22 is a modulation transfer function diagram of application scenario 4. As shown in FIG12 , the horizontal axis represents the number of line pairs per millimeter on the imaging surface (Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm), and the vertical axis represents the modulation transfer function (MTF) value. In order to preliminarily verify the effect of the disclosed solution, the following eight image source parameters are configured to determine the modulation transfer function value.
  • each image source parameter includes the image height of the displayed image source and whether the imaging quality is the tangential imaging quality or the sagittal imaging quality, as follows:
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, Tangential imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 0.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF7;
  • Image height is 14.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF5;
  • Image height is 22.40 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF3;
  • Image height is 28.00 mm, sagittal imaging quality, and its corresponding modulation transfer function is marked as MTF1;
  • the MTF value of the optical system of application scenario 4 in each field of view is above 0.2, and has good resolution.
  • FIG23 is a diffusion pattern diagram of application scenario four.
  • the image source parameters of the display image source are recorded as (image height in the x direction, image height in the y direction).
  • 11 groups of image source parameters of the display image source are taken as an example to illustrate the technical effect of the embodiment of the present disclosure from the perspective of field of view diffusion pattern.
  • the image source parameters of the 11 groups of display image sources are respectively recorded as IMA(0.000mm, 0.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 2.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 5.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 8.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 11.200mm), IMA(0.000mm, 14.000mm), IMA(0.000mm, 16.800mm), IMA(0.000mm, 19.600mm), IMA(0.000mm, 22.400mm), IMA(0.000mm, 25.200mm), and IMA(0.000mm, 28.000mm).
  • the imaging quality is good.
  • FIG24 is a distortion curve diagram of application scenario 4. As shown in FIG24 , since the distortion value is located on the left side of 0, the distortion has no inflection. Therefore, it is shown that the distortion of the embodiment of the present disclosure presents a linear change.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the relative position between the human eye and the principal optical axis in the above-mentioned application scenario of the present application.
  • position B is located on the principal optical axis of the optical system, the aberration is relatively small. Therefore, when the human eye is located at position B, the imaging quality is best. However, since other positions deviate from the principal optical axis, the residual aberration significantly affects the imaging effect. Therefore, when the human eye is located at position A, position C, position D, position E, and position F, the imaging quality is reduced.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a wearable interactive device, which includes any optical system of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an interactive system, which includes the wearable interactive device of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.

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Abstract

一种光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统，该光学系统包括：显示源与第一透镜；所述第一透镜包括入光面和出光面，所述入光面包括第一区域与第二区域，其中，所述入光面为菲涅尔面，出光面为非球面；所述第一区域设置于所述入光面的中心位置，所述第二区域环绕所述第一区域设置，所述第一区域包括等深或等宽菲涅尔面，所述第二区域包括等深且等宽菲涅尔面。应用该光学系统可以解决传统等深菲涅尔面中齿宽随着口径增加快速变小和传统等宽菲涅尔面中齿深随着口径增加快速变大的情况，从而改善由于菲涅尔透镜边缘齿结构过密、过深导致的的衍射圆环和齿加工不良导致的炫光问题，提高了用户的使用体验。

Description

光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统
本申请要求申请日为2022年12月02日、申请号为“202211546487.4”、专利名称为“光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统”的中国发明专利申请，以及申请日为2022年10月14日、申请号为“202211259667.4”、专利名称为“光学系统、穿戴式交互装置、交互系统”的中国发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容在此引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及电子设备领域，具体涉及一种光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统。
背景技术
在虚拟现实技术中，基于光学系统呈现图像信息，并通过计算机技术产生的电信号，将其与各种输出设备结合，使图像信息转化为能够让人们感受到的对象，这些对象可以类似于真实的物体，也可以是虚拟出来的物体。
菲涅尔透镜通常是由许多个小锯齿构成，通过控制工作面实现光路的折射或反射，因此具有厚度较小，重量较轻的特点，还具备消除部分球差的作用，成为虚拟现实技术常用的光学模组元件。传统的菲涅尔面可以分为等宽和等深两种。
但是，由于这两种结构都为规律变化结构，各齿结构之间的光线存在规律的光程差，尤其是在光学元件的外围区域，由菲涅尔透镜边缘齿结构过密、过深导致的衍射圆环和齿加工不良导致的炫光问题，影响用户的使用体验。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统，以至少部分解决上述问题。
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供了一种光学系统，该光学系统包括：显示源与第一透镜；所述第一透镜包括入光面和出光面，所述入光面包括第一区域与第二区域，其中，所述入光面为菲涅尔面，出光面为非球面；所述第一区域设置于所述入光面的中心位置，所述第二区域环绕所述第一区域设置，所述第一区域包括等深或等宽菲涅尔面，所述第二区域包括等深且等宽菲涅尔面。
根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供了一种穿戴式交互装置，该装置包括如本申请实施例第一方面所述光学系统。
根据本申请实施例的第三方面，提供了一种交互系统，该系统包括如本申请实施例第二方 面所述的穿戴式交互装置。
根据本申请实施例提供的光学系统，通过将入光面的第一区域设置为等深或等宽菲涅尔面，入光面的第二区域设置为等深且等宽的菲涅尔面，解决了传统等深菲涅尔面中齿宽随着口径增加快速变小，传统等宽菲涅尔面中齿深随着口径增加快速变大的情况，因此改善了由菲涅尔透镜边缘齿结构过密、过深导致的衍射圆环和齿加工不良导致的炫光问题，提高了用户的使用体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请实施例中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术的等深菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术的等宽菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种光学系统的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种等深菲涅尔面和等深且等宽菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种等宽菲涅尔面和等深且等宽菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图6A为应用场景一中的曲面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图6B为应用场景一中的平面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图7A为应用场景一在曲面基底菲涅尔面时的调制传递函数图；
图7B为应用场景一在平面基底菲涅尔面时的调制传递函数图；
图8为应用场景一的弥散斑图；
图9为应用场景一的畸变曲线图；
图10为应用场景二中的光学系统的结构示意图；
图11为应用场景二中的曲面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图12为应用场景二的调制传递函数图；
图13为应用场景二的弥散斑图；
图14为应用场景二的畸变曲线图；
图15为应用场景三中的光学系统的结构示意图；
图16为应用场景三中的光学系统的平面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图17为应用场景三的调制传递函数图；
图18为应用场景三的弥散斑图；
图19为应用场景三的畸变曲线图；
图20为应用场景四中的光学系统的结构示意图；
图21为应用场景四中的光学系统的平面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图；
图22为应用场景四的调制传递函数图；
图23为应用场景四的弥散斑图；
图24为应用场景四的畸变曲线图；
图25为本申请上述应用场景中人眼与主光轴之间相对位置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的人员更好地理解本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请实施例一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请实施例中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
在本申请使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
应当理解，尽管在本申请可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本申请范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”。
作为示例，图1为现有技术的等深菲涅尔面的结构示意图，如图1所示，齿深H相等，中间齿宽W一般比较宽，每一个锯齿的齿宽W从中心向两边递减，当元件口径和工作面斜率变化较大时，元件边缘区域齿宽W变的很小，模具设计和元件加工困难，导致齿宽W的控制和工作面的面型精度出现较大误差，影响光学效果。
图2为现有技术的等宽菲涅尔面的结构示意图，如图2所示，齿宽W相等，齿深H从中心向两边递增。当元件口径和工作面斜率变化较大时，元件边缘区域的齿深H变的很大，模具设计和元件加工困难，导致齿深H的控制和工作面的面型精度出现较大的误差，影响光学效果。
综上所述，由于现有的两种结构都为规律变化结构，各齿结构之间的光线存在规律的光程差，尤其是在光学元件的外围区域，由菲涅尔透镜的衍射环导致的彩色圆环和齿加工不良导致的炫光问题，影响用户的使用体验。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种光学系统的结构示意图，如图3所示，该光学系统包括：显示像源IMA与第一透镜L1，第一透镜包括入光面与出光面，入光面为菲涅尔面，出光面为非球面。入光面包括第一区域与第二区域，第一区域设于入光面的中心位置，第二区域环绕第一区域设置。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种等深菲涅尔面和等深且等宽菲涅尔面的结构示意图， 如图4所示，入光面的第一区域为传统等深菲涅尔面，齿深H相等，齿宽W不等；入光面的第二区域为等深且等宽的菲涅尔面，齿宽W相等且齿深H相等。
在本申请实施例中，通过将入光面的第一区域设置为等深菲涅尔面，入光面的第二区域设置为等深且等宽的菲涅尔面，解决了传统等深菲涅尔面中齿宽W随着口径增加快速变小的情况。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种等宽菲涅尔面和等深且等宽菲涅尔面的结构示意图，如图5所示，入光面的第一区域为传统的等宽菲涅尔，齿宽W相等，齿深H不等；入光面的第二区域为等深且等宽的菲涅尔面，齿宽W相等且齿深H相等。
在本申请实施例中，通过将入光面的第一区域设置为等宽菲涅尔面，入光面的第二区域设置为等深且等宽的菲涅尔面，解决了传统等宽菲涅尔面中齿深H随着口径增加快速变大的情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一透镜满足4mm<T<10mm；其中，T为第一透镜的中心厚度。
在本申请实施例中，由于第一透镜中心厚度越大时，表示第一透镜的体积越大，重量越重，因此第一透镜的中心厚度设置为4mm至10mm之间，控制了第一透镜的中心厚度，使第一透镜更加轻薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一透镜的折射率范围均大于或等于1.45，并小于或等于1.60，且第一透镜的色散系数均大于或等于50，并小于或等于75。
折射率表示光在真空中的传播速度与光在透镜中的传播速度之比，阿贝数(又称之色散系数)用于衡量透镜的成像品质，通常情况下，阿贝数又与透镜的折射率成反比，折射率越高，表示入射光发生折射的能力越强。当透镜的折射率越大时，阿贝数越小，色散越明显，成像质量越差，反之，则成像质量越好。
在本申请实施例中，通过将第一透镜的折射率范围均大于或等于1.45，并小于或等于1.60，且第一透镜的色散系数均大于或等于50，并小于或等于75，可以实现像差的校正，从而保证成像的高解析度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一透镜的光焦度大于或等于0，且小于或等于0.045。
光焦度用于表示光学系统偏折光线的能力，等于光学系统像方光束会聚度与物方光束会聚度之差，当透镜的光焦度为正值时，表示透镜能够对光线进行聚焦，当透镜的光焦度为负值时，表示透镜能够对光线进行发散。
在一种可能的实现方式中，入光面的第一区域为传统等深或等宽菲涅尔面，设置于入光面的中心位置。其中，等宽菲涅尔面的齿宽W满足0.2mm≤W≤0.6mm，等深菲涅尔面的齿深H满足H≤0.6mm。
在本申请实施例中，第一区域为传统等深或等宽菲涅尔面，与非球面或球面相比，可以有效减小元件重量，提高光学模组性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一透镜的入光面的第二区域为等宽且等深菲涅尔面，且第二区域环绕第一区域设置，齿宽及齿深相等，其中齿宽W满足0.2mm≤W≤0.6mm，齿深H满足H≤0.6mm，以此来划分第一区域和第二区域的范围。
在本申请实施例中，入光面的第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，可有效减小透镜边缘锯齿的加工误差，降低加工难度，提高光学模组质量，可以有效改善由菲涅尔面边缘齿结构过密、过深导致的衍射圆环和锯齿加工不良导致的炫光问题，提高用户体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，入光面的菲涅尔面基底面可以为平面，也可以为曲面。其中，曲面基底的曲率半径R≤-40mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，针对形成所述菲涅尔面的非球面，或者所述第一透镜的出光面，其面形曲线通过如下公式确定：
Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-000001
z用于表征矢高，c用于表征曲率半径所对应的曲率，r用于表征径向长度，k用于表征圆锥二次曲线系数，α 1至α 1c分别用于表征曲率半径上各径向坐标所对应的系数；其中，当k小于-1时，所述面形曲线为双曲线，当k等于-1时，所述面形曲线为抛物线；当k大于-1且小于0时，所述面形曲线为椭圆，当k等于0时，所述面形曲线为圆形，当k大于0时，所述面形曲线为扁圆形。
在本申请实施例中，可以结合应用场景的需求，基于上述公式对形成所述菲涅尔面的非球面，或者所述第一透镜的出光面进行合理配置的具体面形。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一透镜L1的出光面距离人眼的距离不小于12mm，且第一透镜L1的出光面与人眼之间形成的锥形区域范围不小于10mm。
在本申请实施例中，第一透镜L1的出光面距离人眼的距离不小于12mm，且第一透镜L1的出光面与人眼之间形成的锥形区域范围不小于10mm，使用户可快速调整到最佳成像位置，增强用户的体验感。
在一种可能的实现方式中，光学系统的视场角FOV满足：90°≤FOV≤105°。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置光学系统的视场角，可以减小用户的眩晕感，提高用户沉浸感。
基于本申请实施例的上述描述，以下结合具体应用场景的需求，对透镜的配置进行如下示例性说明。
表1为该光学系统应用场景一的透镜的光学参数，其中，透镜的光焦度为0.04，视场角FOV为91°。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-000003
其中，N d为折射率，V d为阿贝数，面号S1为第一透镜L1的出光面，面号S2为第一透镜L1的入光面。
表2
面号 k α 4 α 6 α 8
S1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
S2 -5.85E-01 1.84E-06 2.42E-08 -1.86E-11
表2为应用场景一的透镜的光学参数示意，包括透镜的入光面S2、出光面S1与圆锥二次曲线系数k、曲率半径上各径向坐标所对应的系数α 4、α 6、α 8的对应关系。
图6A为应用场景一中的曲面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图，如图6A所示，当前菲涅尔面基底面的曲率半径为-70mm，第一区域为传统等宽菲涅尔面，齿宽W为0.5mm，第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，齿宽W为0.5mm，限制齿深H为0.35mm。
图6B为应用场景一中的平面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图，如图6B所示，第一区域为传统等宽菲涅尔面,齿宽W为0.5mm，第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，齿宽W为0.5mm，限制齿深H为0.35mm。
图7A为应用场景一在曲面基底菲涅尔面时的调制传递函数图，如图7A所示，横坐标表示成像面上每毫米含有的线对(Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm)，纵坐标表示调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值。为了初步验证本公开方案的效果，配置如下八种像源参数来确定调制传递函数值。
需要说明的是，由于像源参数的相高为0.00时，子午光线(Tangential)和弧矢光线(Sagittal)重合，因此由同一条曲线进行表示，下述如无特殊说明，在本申请中均用同一条曲线表示。
八种像源参数中，每个像源参数包括显示像源的像高、成像质量是子午光线(Tangential)成像质量还是弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，具体如下：
(1)像高为0.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(2)像高为0.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(3)像高为14.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF6；
(4)像高为14.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF5；
(5)像高为22.40mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF4；
(6)像高为22.40mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为 MTF3；
(7)像高为28.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF2；
(8)像高为28.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF1；
应理解，由于多条曲线重合，因此图中部分曲线的区别不是很明显，本图仅作为一种示例，不对本申请作任何限定。
参见图7A所示，图中显示光学系统在各个视场的MTF(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值均在0.4以上，因此，具有良好的分辨率。
图7B为应用场景一在平面基底菲涅尔面时的调制传递函数图，横坐标表示成像面上每毫米含有的线对(Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm)，纵坐标表示调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值。与曲面基底菲涅尔面配置相同的像源参数，具体如下：
(1)像高为0.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(2)像高为0.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(3)像高为14.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF6；
(4)像高为14.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF5；
(5)像高为22.40mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF4；
(6)像高为22.40mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF3；
(7)像高为28.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF2；
(8)像高为28.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF1；
参见图7B所示，与曲面基底菲涅尔面(图7A中的曲线)相比，光学系统在边缘视场性能有下降，但各个视场的MTF(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值均在0.4以上，因此，具有良好的分辨率。
图8为应用场景一的弥散斑图，由图8可见，显示像源的像源参数为(x方向像高，y方向像高)，本实施例中以11组显示像源的像源参数为例，从视场弥散斑角度来对本 公开实施例的技术效果进行说明。11组显示像源的像源参数分别记为IMA(0.000mm,0.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,2.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,5.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,8.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,11.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,14.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,16.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,19.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,22.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,25.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,28.000mm)。
如图8所示，在11组显示像源的像源参数下，弥散斑的大小均小于匹配成像质量较好时的弥散斑尺寸阈值(比如为300μm)，因此，成像质量好。
图9为应用场景一的畸变曲线图。如图9所示，由于畸变值位于0左侧，因此，畸变无反曲。为此，表明本公开实施例的方案，畸变呈现线性变化。
表3为该光学系统应用场景二透镜的光学参数光焦度为0.04，视场角FOV为102.5°，
表3
Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-000004
其中，N a为折射率，V a为阿贝数，面号S1为第一透镜L1的出光面，面号S2为第一透镜L1的入光面。
表4
面号 k α 4 α C α O
S1 -8.04E+01 1.43E-05 -1.82E-08 3.48E-12
S2 -5.93E-01 4.18E-06 2.70E-08 -8.31E-12
表4为透镜的光学参数示意，包括透镜的入光面S2、出光面S1与圆锥二次曲线系数k、曲率半径上各径向坐标所对应的系数α 4、α 6、α 8的对应关系。
图10为应用场景二中的光学系统的结构示意图，与应用场景一的光学系统(如图3)相比透镜的厚度明显变薄，体积变小。
图11为应用场景二中的曲面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图，如图11所示，该菲涅尔面曲面基底的曲率半径为-220mm。第一区域为传统等深菲涅尔面，齿深H为0.2mm，第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，齿深H为0.2mm，限制齿宽W为0.2mm。
图12为应用场景二的调制传递函数图，如图12所示，横坐标表示成像面上每毫米含有的线对(Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm)，纵坐标表示调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值。为了初步验证本公开方案的效果，配置如下八种像源参数来确定调制传递函数值。
八种像源参数中，每个像源参数包括显示像源的像高、成像质量是子午光线(Tangential)成像质量还是弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，具体如下：
(1)像高为0.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(2)像高为0.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(3)像高为14.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF6；
(4)像高为14.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF5；
(5)像高为22.40mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF4；
(6)像高为22.40mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF3；
(7)像高为28.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF2；
(8)像高为28.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF1；
参见图12所示，图中显示应用场景二的光学系统在各个视场的MTF值均在0.3以上，具有良好的分辨率。
图13为应用场景二的弥散斑图，由图13可见，显示像源的像源参数记为(x方向像高，y方向像高)，本实施例中以11组显示像源的像源参数为例，从视场弥散斑角度来对本公开实施例的技术效果进行说明。
11组显示像源的像源参数分别记为IMA(0.000mm,0.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,2.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,5.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,8.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,11.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,14.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,16.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,19.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,22.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,25.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,28.000mm)。
如图13所示，由于不同视场弥散斑均小于300μm，因此成像质量好。
图14为应用场景二的畸变曲线图，如图14所示，由于畸变值位于0左侧，因此，畸变无反曲。为此，表明本公开实施例的方案，畸变呈现线性变化。
表5为该光学系统的应用场景三的光学参数，其中，透镜的光焦度为0.04，视场角FOV为104°。
表5
Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-000005
其中，N d为折射率，V d为阿贝数，面号S1为第一透镜L1的出光面，面号S2为第一 透镜L1的入光面。
表6
面号 k α 4 α 6 α 8
S1 -8.04E+01 1.43E-05 -1.82E-08 3.48E-12
S2 -5.93E-01 4.18E-06 2.70E-08 -8.31E-12
表6为透镜的光学参数示意，包括透镜的入光面S2、出光面S1与圆锥二次曲线系数k、曲率半径上各径向坐标所对应的系数α 4、α 6、α 8的对应关系。
图15为应用场景三中的光学系统的结构示意图，与应用场景一(如图3)的光学系统相比材料和光学参数发生变化。
图16为应用场景三中的光学系统的平面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图，菲涅尔面基底面为平面。第一区域为传统等宽菲涅尔面齿宽W为0.2mm，第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，齿宽W为0.2mm，限制齿深H为0.15mm。
图17为应用场景三的调制传递函数图，如图17所示，横坐标表示成像面上每毫米含有的线对(Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm)，纵坐标表示调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值。为了初步验证本公开方案的效果，配置如下八种像源参数来确定调制传递函数值。
八种像源参数中，每个像源参数包括显示像源的像高、成像质量是子午光线(Tangential)成像质量还是弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，具体如下：
(1)像高为0.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(2)像高为0.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(3)像高为7.66mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF6；
(4)像高为7.66mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF5；
(5)像高为13.40mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF4；
(6)像高为13.40mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF3；
(7)像高为19.15mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF2；
(8)像高为19.15mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF1；
参见图17，图中显示应用场景三的光学系统在各个视场的MTF值均在0.2以上，具 有良好的分辨率。
图18为应用场景三的弥散斑图，由图18可见，显示像源的像源参数记为(x方向像高，y方向像高)，本实施例中以11组显示像源的像源参数为例，从视场弥散斑角度来对本公开实施例的技术效果进行说明。
11组显示像源的像源参数分别记为IMA(0.000mm,0.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,2.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,5.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,8.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,11.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,14.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,16.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,19.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,22.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,25.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,28.000mm)。
参见图18，由于不同视场弥散斑均小于350μm，成像质量良好。
图19为应用场景三的畸变曲线图，如图19所示，由于畸变值位于0左侧，因此，畸变无反曲。为此，表明本公开实施例的方案，畸变呈现线性变化。
表7为应用场景四透镜的光学参数，光焦度为0.042，视场角FOV为98°。
表7
Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-000006
其中，Nd为折射率，Vd为阿贝数，面号S1为第一透镜L1的出光面，面号S2为第一透镜L1的入光面。
表8
面号 k α 4 α 6 α 8
S1 -8.04E+01 1.43E-05 -1.82E-08 3.48E-12
S2 -5.93E-01 4.18E-06 2.70E-08 -8.31E-12
表8为透镜的光学参数示意，入光面S2、出光面S1与圆锥二次曲线系数k、曲率半径上各径向坐标所对应的系数α 4、α 6、α 8的对应关系。
图20为应用场景四中的光学系统的结构示意图，与应用场景一(如图3)不同的是透镜的面型和厚度产生变化。
图21为应用场景四中的光学系统的平面基底菲涅尔面的结构示意图。第一区域为传统等深菲涅尔面，齿深H为0.6mm，第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，齿深H为0.6mm，限制齿宽W为0.6mm。
图22为应用场景四的调制传递函数图，如图12所示，横坐标表示成像面上每毫米含有的线对(Spatial Frequency in cycles per mm)，纵坐标表示调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)值。为了初步验证本公开方案的效果，配置如下八种像源参数来确定调制传递函数值。
八种像源参数中，每个像源参数包括显示像源的像高、成像质量是子午光线 (Tangential)成像质量还是弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，具体如下：
(1)像高为0.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(2)像高为0.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF7；
(3)像高为14.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF6；
(4)像高为14.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF5；
(5)像高为22.40mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF4；
(6)像高为22.40mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF3；
(7)像高为28.00mm、子午光线(Tangential)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF2；
(8)像高为28.00mm、弧矢光线(Sagittal)成像质量，其对应的调制传递函数标为MTF1；
参见图22，图中显示应用场景四的光学系统在各个视场的MTF值均在0.2以上，具有良好的分辨率。
图23为应用场景四的弥散斑图，由图23可见，显示像源的像源参数记为(x方向像高，y方向像高)，本实施例中以11组显示像源的像源参数为例，从视场弥散斑角度来对本公开实施例的技术效果进行说明。
11组显示像源的像源参数分别记为IMA(0.000mm,0.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,2.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,5.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,8.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,11.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,14.000mm)、IMA(0.000mm,16.800mm)、IMA(0.000mm,19.600mm)、IMA(0.000mm,22.400mm)、IMA(0.000mm,25.200mm)、IMA(0.000mm,28.000mm)。
参见图23，由于不同视场弥散斑均小于400μm，成像质量好。
图24为应用场景四的畸变曲线图，如图24所示，由于畸变值位于0左侧，因此，畸变无反曲。为此，表明本公开实施例的方案，畸变呈现线性变化。
图25为本申请上述应用场景中人眼与主光轴之间相对位置的示意图，如图25所示，由于位置B位于光学系统的主光轴上，像差相对较小，因此，当人眼位于位置B时，成像质量最佳，而由于其他位置偏离主光轴，残余像差显著影响成像效果，因此人眼位于位置A、位置C、位置D、位置E、位置F时，成像质量有所降低。
本申请实施例还提供一种穿戴式交互装置，其包括本申请实施例任一项光学系统。
本申请实施例还提供一种交互系统，其包括本申请实施例的穿戴式交互装置。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
以上所述实施例，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种光学系统，其特征在于，包括：显示源与第一透镜；
    所述第一透镜包括入光面和出光面，所述入光面包括第一区域与第二区域，其中，所述入光面为菲涅尔面，出光面为非球面；
    所述第一区域设置于所述入光面的中心位置，所述第二区域环绕所述第一区域设置，所述第一区域包括等深或等宽菲涅尔面，所述第二区域包括等深且等宽菲涅尔面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的中心厚度T满足：4mm<T<10mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的折射率大于或等于1.45，并小于或等于1.60；所述第一透镜的色散系数大于或等于50，并小于或等于75。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的光焦度大于或等于0，且小于或等于0.045。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一区域为等宽菲涅尔面，其中，所述等宽菲涅尔面的齿宽W满足：0.2mm≤W≤0.6mm；
    或者，所述第一区域为等深菲涅尔面，其中，所述等深菲涅尔面的齿深H满足：H≤0.6mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第二区域为等深且等宽菲涅尔面，其中，所述等深且等宽菲涅尔面的齿宽W满足：0.2mm≤W≤0.6mm，齿深H满足：H≤0.6mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述菲涅尔面包括平面基底，或者，所述菲涅尔面包括曲率半径小于或等于-40mm的曲面基底。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，针对形成所述菲涅尔面的非球面，或者所述第一透镜的出光面，其面形曲线通过如下公式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2022142449-appb-100001
    z用于表征矢高，c用于表征曲率半径所对应的曲率，r用于表征径向长度，k用于表征圆锥二次曲线系数，α 1至α 10分别用于表征曲率半径上各径向坐标所对应的系数；其中，当k小于-1时，所述面形曲线为双曲线，当k等于-1时，所述面形曲线为抛物线；当k大于-1且小于0时，所述面形曲线为椭圆，当k等于0时，所述面形曲线为圆形，当k大于0时，所述面形曲线为扁圆形。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的出光面距离人眼的距离大于或等于12mm，且所述第一透镜的出光面与人眼之间形成的锥形区域范围大于或等于10mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统的视场角FOV满足：90°≤FOV≤105°。
  11. 一种穿戴式交互装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-10任一项所述光学系统。
  12. 一种交互系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求11所述的穿戴式交互装置。
PCT/CN2022/142449 2022-10-14 2022-12-27 光学系统、穿戴式交互装置及交互系统 WO2024077786A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3147939U (ja) * 2008-11-07 2009-01-29 一品光学工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 平面フレネルｌｅｄレンズ及びそのｌｅｄアセンブリ
CN105467481A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-04-06 中山大学 一种非等深非等宽的菲涅尔透镜
CN207114878U (zh) * 2017-08-08 2018-03-16 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 一种虚拟现实目镜和头戴显示设备
CN210835439U (zh) * 2019-11-26 2020-06-23 深圳纳德光学有限公司 一种大视场角高像质的目镜光学系统及设备
CN212391666U (zh) * 2020-04-27 2021-01-22 歌尔光学科技有限公司 光学系统及虚拟现实设备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3147939U (ja) * 2008-11-07 2009-01-29 一品光学工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 平面フレネルｌｅｄレンズ及びそのｌｅｄアセンブリ
CN105467481A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-04-06 中山大学 一种非等深非等宽的菲涅尔透镜
CN207114878U (zh) * 2017-08-08 2018-03-16 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 一种虚拟现实目镜和头戴显示设备
CN210835439U (zh) * 2019-11-26 2020-06-23 深圳纳德光学有限公司 一种大视场角高像质的目镜光学系统及设备
CN212391666U (zh) * 2020-04-27 2021-01-22 歌尔光学科技有限公司 光学系统及虚拟现实设备

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