WO2024069739A1 - ３次元画像処理装置、３次元画像処理方法及びプログラム - Google Patents

３次元画像処理装置、３次元画像処理方法及びプログラム Download PDF

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WO2024069739A1
WO2024069739A1 PCT/JP2022/035892 JP2022035892W WO2024069739A1 WO 2024069739 A1 WO2024069739 A1 WO 2024069739A1 JP 2022035892 W JP2022035892 W JP 2022035892W WO 2024069739 A1 WO2024069739 A1 WO 2024069739A1
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image
dimensional
analysis target
dimensional image
images
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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哲史 山口
恵 中村
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Tohoku University NUC
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Tohoku University NUC
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Priority to PCT/JP2022/035892 priority Critical patent/WO2024069739A1/ja
Priority to JP2024548862A priority patent/JP7831881B2/ja
Priority to US19/114,013 priority patent/US20260099972A1/en
Priority to CN202280099994.XA priority patent/CN119947649A/zh
Publication of WO2024069739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024069739A1/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T12/00—Tomographic reconstruction from projections
    • G06T12/10—Image preprocessing, e.g. calibration, positioning of sources or scatter correction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional image processing device, a three-dimensional image processing method, and a program.
  • Periodontal disease can cause bone resorption (loss) in the alveolar bone that supports the teeth, and if it progresses, there is a risk of eventually losing the teeth. It is said that bone resorption (loss) around the support is likely to occur not only in the case of natural teeth, but also in the case of dental implants and orthopedic implants.
  • the present invention aims to provide technology that improves the accuracy of diagnosis using three-dimensional images.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a three-dimensional image processing device that generates image data of a three-dimensional image used in the analysis of a diagnostic object, and includes an image processing unit that performs registration between a three-dimensional image of the diagnostic object captured at a first timing and a three-dimensional image of the diagnostic object captured at a second timing different from the first timing, the three-dimensional image capturing an image of an object in a predetermined space including the diagnostic object, the diagnostic object being present in the space, and the diagnostic object being a support part, and the registration includes a first registration process that performs rigid body transformation on one of the two three-dimensional images so as to reduce the difference between the one and the other, and a second registration process that performs rigid body transformation on the one of the images so as to reduce the difference between the image of the diagnostic object captured in the other and the image of the diagnostic object captured in the one after the first registration process is performed.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a three-dimensional image processing method for generating image data of a three-dimensional image used in the analysis of a diagnostic object, the three-dimensional image processing method comprising an image processing step for performing registration between a three-dimensional image of the diagnostic object captured at a first timing and a three-dimensional image of the diagnostic object captured at a second timing different from the first timing, the three-dimensional image capturing an image of an object in a predetermined space including the diagnostic object, the diagnostic object being present in the space, and the diagnostic object being a support part, the registration including a first registration process for performing rigid body transformation on one of the two three-dimensional images so as to reduce the difference between the one and the other, and a second registration process for performing rigid body transformation on the one of the images so as to reduce the difference between the image of the diagnostic object captured in the other and the image of the diagnostic object captured in the one after the first registration process is performed.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a program for causing a computer to function as the above-mentioned three-dimensional image processing device.
  • the present invention makes it possible to improve the accuracy of diagnosis using three-dimensional images.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an overview of a three-dimensional image processing apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of mask data in the embodiment.
  • 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a second registration process using mask data in the embodiment.
  • 13 shows an example of an experimental result for evaluating a three-dimensional registration process according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a three-dimensional image processing apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a control unit included in the three-dimensional image processing apparatus according to the embodiment.
  • 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of processing executed by the three-dimensional image processing apparatus according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of an experimental result in the embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 generates image data of a three-dimensional image used for analyzing a diagnostic target.
  • the diagnostic target is, for example, tissues around the root of a natural tooth.
  • the diagnostic target is, for example, tissues around a fixture and an abutment of a dental implant.
  • the diagnostic target is, for example, tissues around a retaining portion of an orthopedic implant.
  • the support parts the roots of natural teeth, the fixtures and abutments of dental implants, and the holding parts of orthopedic implants are collectively referred to as the support parts.
  • the subject of diagnosis is, for example, the tissue surrounding the support part.
  • the tissue surrounding the support part that is the subject of diagnosis is, for example, tissue that contributes to the support of the support part to a predetermined degree or more. Therefore, the tissue surrounding the support part is, for example, periodontal tissue.
  • the tissue surrounding the support part may be, for example, the alveolar bone or the femur.
  • Natural teeth are made up of a crown and a root.
  • Dental implants are made up of a superstructure which is equivalent to the crown of a natural tooth, a fixture which supports the superstructure, and an abutment which connects the fixture to the superstructure.
  • Orthopedic implants are made up of a head and plate which function as a joint, and a retaining part which includes a stem and screws which support the head and plate.
  • the natural teeth may be human natural teeth or animal natural teeth.
  • the dental implants may be human dental implants or animal dental implants.
  • the orthopedic implants may be human orthopedic implants or animal orthopedic implants.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 includes a control unit 11.
  • the control unit 11 will be described in detail later, but it includes a processor 91 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory 92, and executes various processes through the operation of the processor 91 and the memory 92.
  • the control unit 11 executes a three-dimensional alignment process on the analysis target image and the comparison target image.
  • the three-dimensional alignment process is a process for aligning the two three-dimensional images to be executed.
  • the objects to be executed are the analysis target image and the comparison target image.
  • the analysis target image is a three-dimensional image showing an image of the analysis target at a first timing.
  • the comparison target image is a three-dimensional image showing an image of the analysis target at a second timing that is different from the first timing. More specifically, the analysis target image is a three-dimensional image showing the analysis target photographed at a first timing, and the comparison target image is a three-dimensional image showing the analysis target photographed at a second timing that is different from the first timing.
  • a three-dimensional image showing the result of an analysis target photographed at a first timing and then photographed at a second timing is the comparison target image
  • a three-dimensional image showing the analysis target photographed at the first timing is the analysis target image
  • a three-dimensional image showing the result of an analysis target photographed at a second timing and then photographed at the first timing is the analysis target image
  • a three-dimensional image showing the analysis target photographed at the second timing is the comparison target image.
  • the second timing is, for example, earlier than the first timing.
  • the second timing may be later than the first timing.
  • the following explanation will be given taking as an example a case where the first timing is later than the second timing.
  • the analysis target image and the comparison target image are three-dimensional images that depict an image of the analysis target, but more specifically, the analysis target image and the comparison target image depict an image of an object in a predetermined space (hereinafter referred to as the "imaged space") that contains the analysis target.
  • the imaged space contains a diagnostic target.
  • the analysis target image and the comparison target image depict an image of the diagnostic target. More specifically, the analysis target is a support part.
  • the analysis target image and the comparison target image may further depict an image of a functional part. In other words, a functional part may exist in the imaged space.
  • the imaged space is what is known as a region of interest.
  • the imaged space may be a range determined according to a predetermined rule, or may be, for example, a range determined by the user.
  • the predetermined rule may be any rule that causes the analysis target and diagnosis target to be included in the imaged space.
  • the predetermined rule may be, for example, a rule that the imaged space is a spherical space of a predetermined radius centered on the analysis target and containing the diagnosis target.
  • the predetermined rule in such a case may be, for example, a rule that the upper surface is a square with sides of a predetermined length centered at a point a specified distance above the top end of the analysis target, and the imaged space is a rectangular parallelepiped with a specified height that contains the diagnosis target.
  • the comparison target image is a three-dimensional image showing the result of an analysis target photographed at a first timing and photographed at a second timing
  • the analysis target image is a three-dimensional image showing the analysis target photographed at the first timing. Therefore, the person or animal having the analysis target that appears in the analysis target image is the same as the person or animal having the analysis target that appears in the comparison target image.
  • the 3D image processing device 1 will be described using an example in which the analysis target is a tooth root.
  • the three-dimensional alignment process is a process that performs rigid body transformation on a comparison image of the two images to be executed, so that the difference between the first root image and the second root image is reduced.
  • the first root image is the image of the analysis object that appears in the analysis object image.
  • the second root image is the image of the analysis object that appears in the comparison object image.
  • the process of performing rigid transformation on the comparison images to reduce the difference between the first and second root images is, for example, a transformation that increases the total amount of mutual information between pixel values located at the same coordinates on the two images being performed.
  • the analysis target image and the comparison target image for which the 3D alignment process is to be performed are both images that show the teeth of the same person or animal, but are taken at different times.
  • One of these two 3D images i.e., the analysis target image and the comparison target image
  • the other is, for example, an image that shows the analysis target of the same person or animal and its surrounding teeth and alveolar bone, where some of the surrounding teeth are missing due to tooth extraction.
  • the other may be, for example, an image that shows the analysis target of the same person or animal and its surrounding teeth, and the alveolar bone that is partially absorbed and missing.
  • the image to be analyzed and the image to be compared are, for example, images showing a portion of an image obtained by imaging using an imaging device such as an X-ray device, and are images of an image that appears within a region of interest specified by the user.
  • an imaging device such as an X-ray device
  • the process of generating an image of a portion of an image obtained by imaging using an imaging device such as an X-ray device, and an image that appears within a region of interest, based on the image obtained by imaging using the imaging device is referred to as a pre-image forming process.
  • the preliminary image forming process may be performed by a user using another computer, for example, before the image data of the image to be analyzed and the image data of the image to be compared are input to the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • the designation of the analysis target may be performed by the control unit 11 according to the user's instructions via the input unit 12, which will be described later, after the image data of the image to be analyzed and the image data of the image to be compared are input to the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • the information input by the user that is used to specify the analysis target is specifically information that indicates a point in the image between the crown and root of the tooth to be analyzed.
  • first specification information information used in specifying an analysis target, which indicates a point in an image between the root of the analysis target and the crown of the tooth having the analysis target.
  • a point between the root of the analysis target and the crown of the tooth having the analysis target means a point where the root of the analysis target and the crown of the tooth having the analysis target can be distinguished.
  • the purpose is to input information to the analysis device that when the upper jaw is specified, the tooth root position is above the specified point, and when the lower jaw is specified, the tooth root position is below the specified point.
  • a region of a predetermined shape and size is set as the region of interest based on a point indicated by such first specification information. Therefore, when specifying an analysis target, for example, a region of a predetermined shape and size is set as the region of interest based on a point indicated by the first specification information.
  • the image data of the two analysis target images and the image data of the comparison target image that are the targets of the 3D alignment process are, for example, image data of images obtained by such a preliminary image shaping process.
  • the preliminary image shaping process does not necessarily have to be performed, and the images obtained by the photographing device may be used as they are as the targets of the 3D alignment process.
  • the target image pair is a pair of an image to be analyzed and an image to be compared.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 will be described using an example in which the analysis target image and the comparison target image contained in the target image set are images of the same person taken at different times, and the comparison target image is an image taken before tooth extraction and the analysis target image is an image taken after tooth extraction.
  • diagnosis is possible using the 3D images obtained by the 3D image processing device 1.
  • the diagnosis is, for example, an analysis of morphological changes in the surrounding alveolar bone, etc., of the analysis target.
  • image data representing the image to be analyzed and image data representing the image to be compared satisfy the same size condition before the process of generating the 3D highlighted image.
  • the same size condition is a condition in which the size of each dimension of the image to be analyzed is the same as the size of each corresponding dimension of the image to be compared.
  • the same size condition is a condition in which each of the three dimensions is the same as the size of the corresponding dimension of the three-dimensional image to be compared.
  • x represents the first-dimensional size of the image to be analyzed, which is a three-dimensional image.
  • y represents the second-dimensional size of the image to be analyzed, which is a three-dimensional image.
  • z represents the third-dimensional size of the image to be analyzed, which is a three-dimensional image.
  • x' represents the first-dimensional size of the image to be compared, which is a three-dimensional image.
  • y' represents the second-dimensional size of the image to be compared, which is a three-dimensional image.
  • z represents the third-dimensional size of the image to be compared, which is a three-dimensional image.
  • the analysis target image and the comparison target image on which the 3D registration process is performed satisfy the same size condition. This is because the shape and size of the region of interest are predetermined as described above, and the pre-image forming process sets a region of interest of the same shape and size regardless of the image.
  • the three-dimensional alignment process includes a first registration process and a second registration process.
  • the first registration process is a process that performs rigid body transformation on the comparison image so as to reduce the overall difference between each image included in the target image set.
  • the first registration process is a process that performs rigid body transformation on one of two three-dimensional images, the analysis target image and the comparison target image, so as to reduce the difference between the other.
  • the comparison image after transformation by the first registration process is referred to as the first transformed image.
  • a point on the comparison target image and a point on the analysis target image may be specified.
  • a rigid body transformation is performed on the comparison target image so that the difference between the comparison target image and the analysis target image is reduced, starting from a state in which the specified points on each image are aligned.
  • a process may be performed to match the points between the crown and root designated by the user.
  • the information used in the first registration process which designates a point on the comparison target image and a point on the analysis target image, is referred to as second designation information.
  • the point indicated by the second designation information is, for example, a point between the root of the tooth to be analyzed and the crown of the tooth having the analysis target.
  • the second specification information is input to the three-dimensional image processing device 1 by the user via, for example, the input unit 12 described below.
  • the control unit 11 acquires the second specification information input by the user, and performs rigid body transformation so as to reduce the difference between the comparison target image and the analysis target image while matching the points indicated by the acquired second specification information.
  • the points indicated by the second designation information may be the same as the points indicated by the first designation information.
  • the control unit 11 executes the preliminary image shaping process
  • the first designation information has already been input to the three-dimensional image processing device 1 before the first registration process is executed. Therefore, in such a case, the first designation information may be used as the second designation information.
  • the second registration process is a process that performs a rigid body transformation on the first transformed image so as to reduce the difference between the image of the analysis object shown in the first transformed image and the image of the analysis object shown in the analysis object image.
  • the second registration process is, for example, a process of performing a transformation on the first transformed image based on information indicating the image of the analysis target shown in each image, so as to reduce the difference in form of the image of the analysis target indicated by the information.
  • the second registration process may be, for example, a process of performing a rigid body transformation obtained according to a predetermined rule on the first transformed image.
  • An example of such a process according to a predetermined rule is, for example, a process using mask data, which will be described later.
  • An example of the second registration process using mask data will be described later.
  • the tooth root is a tissue that undergoes relatively little morphological change over time.
  • the functional part may be replaced, and the morphological change in the surrounding bone is large, but the morphological change in the supporting part is small.
  • the morphological change in the supporting part is less likely to occur compared to the morphology of the surrounding bone.
  • the control unit 11 enables more accurate estimation of changes in the teeth or periodontal tissues. Even in the case of dental or orthopedic implants, if changes in the surrounding tissues are estimated based on the position of the support part, it is possible to estimate changes in the surrounding tissues with higher accuracy.
  • Executing the first registration process before executing the second registration process suppresses occurrence of a situation such as overlearning in machine learning. Specifically, executing the first registration process before executing the second registration process suppresses occurrence of a situation in which the degree of match between the two images is high only around the image of the tooth root indicated by the tooth root designation information and low for the entire image.
  • mask data may be used.
  • the mask data is data indicating pixels of the image to be analyzed that are in an invariant tooth root-containing region (hereinafter referred to as "tooth root-containing pixels") of the image to be analyzed.
  • the invariant tooth root-containing region is a region on the image to be analyzed that contains the image of the analysis target.
  • the mask data is, for example, image data of a binary image (hereinafter referred to as a "mask image") that satisfies a mask image condition.
  • the mask image condition is a condition in which the pixel value of the unaltered tooth root containing region is one of two predetermined pixel values, and the pixel value of the region other than the unaltered tooth root containing region is the other of the two predetermined pixel values.
  • the two predetermined pixel values are, for example, 0 and 1.
  • the size of the mask image is the same as that of the image to be analyzed and the first transformed image. Therefore, the mask image is a three-dimensional image.
  • the mask data may be, for example, information indicating the boundary of the unchanged root containing region.
  • the mask data is, for example, image data of a binary image in which the pixel values of the image of an object in a specified space containing the analysis target are different from those of other objects.
  • the specified space containing the analysis target is, for example, a space that matches the image of the analysis target and is expanded in all directions by a specified width.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of mask data in an embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a mask image in a case where the mask data in an embodiment is image data of a mask image. FIG. 2 shows an image M1, an image M2, and an image M3.
  • Image M1 is a view of the mask image from the direction of one of the three mutually orthogonal axes (hereinafter referred to as the "first axis direction”).
  • Image M2 is a view of the mask image from the direction of another of the three mutually orthogonal axes (hereinafter referred to as the "second axis direction”).
  • Image M3 is a view of the mask image from the direction of one of the three mutually orthogonal axes, in the direction of a vector that is orthogonal to the vector parallel to the first axis direction and the vector parallel to the second axis direction (hereinafter referred to as the "third axis direction").
  • Point P in Figure 2 is an example of a point in the three-dimensional image indicated by the second specification information.
  • the mask data is information that indicates for each pixel whether it is in a fixed tooth root-containing area or not. Therefore, for example, if the value of the tooth root-containing pixel in the mask data is 1 and the values of the other pixels are 0, then multiplying each pixel of the image to be analyzed by the value of each pixel indicated by the mask data will result in an image that contains the image of the object to be analyzed. Furthermore, multiplying each pixel of the image after the first transformation by the value of each pixel indicated by the same mask data will result in an image that is likely to contain the image of the object to be analyzed and that has a high degree of match with the image obtained from the image to be analyzed.
  • the mask data is obtained based on the image to be analyzed, such an image is not necessarily obtained for the first transformed image. Therefore, if an appropriate rigid body transformation is performed on the first transformed image, the first transformed image will include the image of the analysis target, and an image that closely matches the image obtained from the image to be analyzed can be obtained.
  • the process of converting the first converted image so as to reduce the difference in shape of the image to be analyzed is the second registration process using mask data.
  • the second registration process using mask data will be explained further below.
  • the partial analysis target image is an image of the invariant tooth root-containing region of the analysis target image. More specifically, the partial analysis target image is an image of a portion of the analysis target image obtained based on the image data of the analysis target image and the mask data, and is an image of the invariant tooth root-containing region.
  • the partial comparison target image is an image obtained based on the image data and mask data of the first transformed image, and is an image of an area on the first transformed image that is reflected within the candidate image extraction.
  • the candidate image extraction area is an area that satisfies the condition that if the image in which the area exists is not the first transformed image but the image to be analyzed, then it is a tooth root-containing area.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a second registration process using mask data in an embodiment. Specifically, it is the control unit 11 that executes each process described in FIG. 3.
  • step S101 In the second registration process using mask data, first, only the mask area is extracted from the image to be analyzed to obtain a partial image to be analyzed (step S101). In the second registration process using mask data, next, a rigid body transformation is performed on the first transformed image (step S102).
  • a partial comparison target image is then obtained from the first transformed image after rigid body transformation has been performed (step S103).
  • the difference between the obtained partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image is then obtained (step S104).
  • a predetermined termination condition regarding the smallness of the difference obtained in step S104 is satisfied (step S105).
  • the predetermined termination condition may be, for example, a condition that the difference is smaller than a predetermined difference.
  • the predetermined termination condition may be, for example, a condition that the difference has converged to be smaller than the predetermined difference.
  • the specified termination condition may be, for example, that the mutual information between the partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image converges.
  • the mutual information between the partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image is an amount that indicates the degree of match between the partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image, so that the mutual information between the partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image converges means that the differences converge.
  • step S105 NO
  • the contents of the rigid body transformation are updated according to predetermined rules so as to reduce the difference between the partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image (step S107).
  • the values of the parameters that determine the content of the rigid body transformation are updated according to a predetermined rule so as to reduce the difference between the partial analysis target image and the partial comparison target image. After step S107, the process returns to step S102.
  • step S105 YES
  • step S106 the processing ends.
  • the second registration process obtains a first transformed image that satisfies the condition that the difference between the image of the analysis object shown in the second transformed image and the image of the analysis object shown in the analysis object image is smaller than before the second registration process is performed. More specifically, the second registration process obtains a first transformed image in which the difference between the position or tilt of the image of the analysis object shown in the first transformed image and the position or tilt of the image of the analysis object shown in the analysis object image is smaller than before the second registration process is performed.
  • the first transformed image transformed by executing the second registration process is referred to as the second transformed image. Therefore, the image obtained as a result of the second registration process is the second transformed image.
  • the difference between the morphology of the image of the object to be analyzed shown in the image to be analyzed and the morphology of the image of the object to be analyzed shown in the image after the second transformation is smaller than the difference between the morphology of the image of the object to be analyzed shown in the image to be analyzed and the image after the first transformation. Since the change over time in the morphology of the support parts such as tooth roots is smaller than that of other periodontal tissues, by using the image to be analyzed and the image after the second transformation, it is possible to estimate with greater accuracy the change over time in the condition of the teeth or periodontal tissues that has occurred between the image to be analyzed and the image after the second transformation.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of the results of an experiment evaluating the three-dimensional registration process in the embodiment, which shows images G1-1, G1-2, G1-3, G2-1, G2-2, G2-3, G3-1, G3-2, G3-3, G4-1, G4-2, and G4-3.
  • Image G1-1 is a view of the pre-transformation target image from the first axis direction.
  • the pre-transformation target image is a comparison image before the execution of the 3D registration process.
  • Image G1-2 is a view of the pre-transformation target image from the second axis direction.
  • Image G1-3 is a view of the pre-transformation target image from the third axis direction.
  • Image G2-1 is a view of the image after the first transformation from the first axis direction.
  • Image G2-2 is a view of the image after the first transformation from the second axis direction.
  • Image G2-3 is a view of the image after the first transformation from the third axis direction.
  • Image G3-1 is a view of the image after the second transformation from the first axis direction.
  • Image G3-2 is a view of the image after the second transformation from the second axis direction.
  • Image G3-3 is a view of the image after the second transformation from the third axis direction.
  • Image G4-1 is a view of the image to be analyzed from the first axis direction.
  • Image G4-2 is a view of the image to be analyzed from the second axis direction.
  • Image G4-3 is a view of the image to be analyzed from the third axis direction.
  • Figure 4 shows that the difference between the analysis target image and the analysis target image in terms of the position and tilt of the analysis target is smaller for the first transformed target image than for the pre-transformation target image, and that the difference between the analysis target image and the analysis target image in terms of the position and tilt of the analysis target is smaller for the second transformed image than for the first transformed image.
  • Figure 4 shows that the 3D registration process can produce a comparison target image that differs less from the analysis target image in terms of the position and tilt of the analysis target.
  • the 3D alignment process is a process of aligning two 3D images.
  • the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image are both three-dimensional images. Therefore, it is possible to generate a three-dimensional image (hereinafter referred to as a "three-dimensional highlighted image”) in which the differences between the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image are highlighted by coloring or other means.
  • the process of generating such a three-dimensional highlighted image (hereinafter referred to as a "three-dimensional highlighted image generation process") is executed by, for example, the control unit 11.
  • the user can visually grasp the difference between the condition of the teeth or periodontal tissues in the image being analyzed and the condition of the teeth or periodontal tissues in the comparison image.
  • the three-dimensional highlighting image may be a three-dimensional image that shows the difference in different colors, for example, when the difference is positive and when the difference is negative.
  • the three-dimensional highlighted image may be an image that indicates whether a tooth root belongs to the first root region, the second root region, or the third root region.
  • the first root region is a portion of the tooth root that is not covered by bone at a first time point.
  • the second root region is a portion of the tooth root that is covered by bone at the first time point but is not covered by bone at a second time point that is later than the first time point.
  • the third root region is a portion of the tooth root that is covered by bone at both the first and second time points.
  • the first tooth root region is represented, for example, in white
  • the second tooth root region is represented, for example, in red
  • the third tooth root region is represented, for example, in green.
  • the tooth or periodontal tissue shown in the comparison image will be referred to as the first photographed tissue.
  • the tooth or periodontal tissue shown in the analysis image will be referred to as the second photographed tissue.
  • Both the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image are three-dimensional images. Therefore, both the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image are sets of pixel values. Because pixels are an ordered set, it is also possible to obtain quantitative information about the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image based on the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image.
  • quantitative information acquisition process the process of obtaining quantitative information (hereinafter referred to as "quantitative information") about the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image is referred to as quantitative information acquisition process.
  • the quantitative information acquisition process is performed, for example, by the control unit 11.
  • Quantitative information regarding the image to be analyzed and the image after the second transformation is, for example, information that numerically indicates the difference between the image to be analyzed and the image after the second transformation.
  • Information that numerically indicates the difference between the image to be analyzed and the image after the second transformation is, for example, information that indicates the amount of bone resorption of the second tissue relative to the first tissue.
  • Information that numerically indicates the difference between the image to be analyzed and the image after the second transformation is, for example, information that indicates the amount of bone proliferation of the second tissue relative to the first tissue.
  • the information that numerically indicates the difference between the image to be analyzed and the second transformed image may be, for example, information that indicates the three-dimensional volume of each of the first root region, the second root region, and the third root region described above.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 that obtains the second transformed image can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of the condition of teeth or periodontal tissues.
  • the mask data is generated by a computer.
  • the mask data is generated by, for example, the control unit 11.
  • the mask data does not necessarily have to be generated by the three-dimensional image processing device 1, and may be generated by another device.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 acquires the mask data generated by another device before performing the three-dimensional alignment process, and uses the mask data in the three-dimensional alignment process.
  • mask data generation process an example of the process for generating mask data (hereinafter referred to as “mask data generation process”) will be explained using the case where it is executed by the control unit 11 as an example.
  • the control unit 11 is able to process the three-dimensional image as a collection of two-dimensional images.
  • the control unit 11 processes the image to be analyzed as an ordered set whose elements are the slice images to be analyzed, and in which the order of the elements is ordered in the direction from the analysis target to the crown of the tooth that has the analysis target (hereinafter referred to as the "analysis target ordered set").
  • the analysis target ordered set the direction from the analysis target to the crown of the tooth that has the analysis target.
  • the slice images to be analyzed are two-dimensional images that are generated by slicing the image to be analyzed in the direction from the root of the tooth to be analyzed toward the crown. Therefore, the slice images to be analyzed are a type of so-called slice image.
  • the order of the ordered set may be higher from the root of the tooth being analyzed to the crown, or lower from the crown of the tooth being analyzed to the root, but either rule is used.
  • Information on the direction from the root of the tooth being analyzed to the crown in mask data processing is obtained, for example, based on point position information and jaw designation information.
  • Point position information is information that indicates a point in the image between the crown and root of the tooth being analyzed.
  • the first designation information and second designation information described above are both examples of point position information.
  • the jaw designation information is information that indicates whether the analysis target is the upper jaw or lower jaw in the three-dimensional image.
  • the jaw designation information is input to the three-dimensional image processing device 1, for example, by a user via the input unit 12 or the like. In such a case, the control unit 11 acquires the input jaw designation information.
  • the point position information is input to the three-dimensional image processing device 1, for example, by a user via the input unit 12 or the like. In such a case, the control unit 11 acquires the input point position information.
  • the control unit 11 selects whether each slice image to be analyzed is a two-dimensional image for generating mask data.
  • a two-dimensional image for generating mask data is an analysis target slice image in which the first rank difference is greater than the second rank difference, and in which the first rank difference is greater than the absolute value of the rank difference between the slice image including the point indicated by the point designation information and the tooth crown boundary image.
  • the first rank difference is the absolute value of the rank difference between the crown boundary image.
  • the second rank difference is the absolute value of the rank difference between the root inclusion boundary image.
  • the crown boundary image is one slice image to be analyzed that satisfies certain conditions among slice images to be analyzed that show an image of the crown of the tooth (hereafter referred to as the "crown image”).
  • the root inclusion boundary image is one slice image to be analyzed that satisfies certain conditions among slice images to be analyzed that show an image of the root of the tooth (hereafter referred to as the "root inclusion image”).
  • the predetermined condition satisfied by the tooth crown boundary image is, for example, that the difference in rank from the tooth root inclusion boundary image is smaller than other tooth crown images.
  • the predetermined condition satisfied by the tooth root inclusion boundary image is, for example, that the difference in rank from the tooth crown boundary image is smaller than other tooth root inclusion images.
  • the tooth crown image may be, for example, a slice image to be analyzed that captures an image of the tooth crown but not an image of the tooth root.
  • the tooth root inclusion image may be, for example, a slice image to be analyzed that captures an image of the tooth root but not an image of the tooth crown.
  • the control unit 11 obtains a three-dimensional image (hereinafter referred to as the "three-dimensional image for generating mask data") that includes the root of the tooth to be analyzed but does not include the crown of the tooth to be analyzed, as a collection of two-dimensional images for generating mask data.
  • the control unit 11 executes a binarization process to convert the three-dimensional image for generating mask data into a binary image in which the pixel values of the tooth image and other images are different.
  • the binarization process includes, for example, an arc-shaped connection point determination process.
  • the arc-shaped connection point determination process is a process that determines that a set of curves in a 3D image used for generating mask data, one end of which is a point indicated by the point position information (hereinafter referred to as a "mask curve"), that satisfy the arc-shaped connection condition, is an image of a tooth.
  • the arc-shaped connection point determination process is a process that determines, from among the pixels in the image being executed, the pixel located at the other end of the curve that satisfies the arc-shaped connection condition (hereinafter referred to as an "arc-shaped connection pixel").
  • the arc connection condition is that the difference between the pixel values of all points on the mask curve and the pixel values of the points indicated by the point position information is within a predetermined range.
  • the binarization process including the arc-shaped connection determination process includes a setting process.
  • the setting process is a process in which one of two predetermined pixel values is set to the pixel value of an arc-shaped connected pixel, and the other is set to the pixel value of a pixel that is not an arc-shaped connected pixel.
  • the control unit 11 can reduce the possibility that the arc-shaped connected pixel includes areas other than the tooth root, such as bone areas, by executing the arc-shaped connection determination process so as to satisfy a secondary condition.
  • the secondary condition is that the range of the arc-shaped connected pixels is smaller than the actual tooth root.
  • the control unit 11 may execute a process of expanding the range of the arc-shaped connected pixels by morphological transformation after the binarization process. By executing a process of expanding the range of the arc-shaped connected pixels by morphological transformation after the binarization process, the control unit 11 can generate mask data that includes a safety margin around the tooth root.
  • the three-dimensional image for generating mask data is converted into a binary image in which the pixel values of the tooth image and other images are different.
  • the image data of the binarized three-dimensional image for generating mask data after conversion is an example of mask data.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a three-dimensional image processing device 1 in an embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 has a control unit 11 including a processor 91 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory 92 connected by a bus, and executes a program. By executing the program, the three-dimensional image processing device 1 functions as a device including the control unit 11, input unit 12, communication unit 13, memory unit 14, and output unit 15.
  • a control unit 11 including a processor 91 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory 92 connected by a bus, and executes a program.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 functions as a device including the control unit 11, input unit 12, communication unit 13, memory unit 14, and output unit 15.
  • the processor 91 reads out a program stored in the storage unit 14 and stores the read out program in the memory 92.
  • the processor 91 executes the program stored in the memory 92, whereby the three-dimensional image processing device 1 functions as a device including a control unit 11, an input unit 12, a communication unit 13, a storage unit 14, and an output unit 15.
  • the control unit 11 controls the operation of various functional units of the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • the control unit 11 executes, for example, three-dimensional alignment processing.
  • the control unit 11 may execute, for example, mask data generation processing.
  • the control unit 11 may execute, for example, three-dimensional highlighted display image generation processing.
  • the control unit 11 may execute, for example, quantitative information acquisition processing.
  • the control unit 11 may execute, for example, pre-image forming processing.
  • the input unit 12 includes input devices such as a mouse, a keyboard, and a touch panel.
  • the input unit 12 may be configured as an interface that connects these input devices to the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • the input unit 12 accepts input of various types of information to the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • First designation information may be input to the input unit 12.
  • Second designation information may be input to the input unit 12.
  • Jaw designation information for example, may be input to the input unit 12.
  • Point position information for example, may be input to the input unit 12.
  • the communication unit 13 includes a communication interface for connecting the three-dimensional image processing device 1 to an external device.
  • the communication unit 13 communicates with the external device via wired or wireless communication.
  • the external device is, for example, a device that transmits an image to be analyzed.
  • the communication unit 13 acquires the image to be analyzed by communicating with the device that transmits the image to be analyzed.
  • the external device is, for example, a device that transmits an image to be compared.
  • the communication unit 13 acquires the image to be compared by communicating with the device that transmits the image to be compared.
  • the device from which the analysis target image and the comparison target image are sent may be the same.
  • the device from which the analysis target image and the comparison target image are sent may, for example, execute a preliminary image forming process.
  • the analysis target image and the comparison target image sent by the device from which the analysis target image and the comparison target image are sent are the analysis target image and the comparison target image obtained by the preliminary image forming process.
  • the external device may be, for example, a device to which the image data of the second converted image is output.
  • the communication unit 13 outputs the image data of the second converted image to the device to which the image data of the second converted image is output by communicating with the device to which the image data of the second converted image is output.
  • the external device may be, for example, a device to which image data of the three-dimensional highlighted display image is output.
  • the communication unit 13 outputs the image data of the three-dimensional highlighted display image to the device to which the image data of the three-dimensional highlighted display image is output by communicating with the device to which the image data of the three-dimensional highlighted display image is output.
  • the external device may be, for example, a device to which the quantitative information is output.
  • the communication unit 13 outputs the quantitative information to the device to which the quantitative information is output by communicating with the device to which the quantitative information is output.
  • the external device may be, for example, a device that generates mask data.
  • the communication unit 13 acquires the mask data by communicating with the device that generates the mask data.
  • the device that generates the mask data is a device that acquires an analysis target image that is the target of the three-dimensional alignment process, and executes a mask data generation process based on the acquired analysis target image to generate mask data.
  • the storage unit 14 is configured using a computer-readable storage medium device such as a magnetic hard disk device or a semiconductor storage device.
  • the storage unit 14 stores various information related to the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • the storage unit 14 stores information input via the input unit 12 or the communication unit 13, for example.
  • the storage unit 14 stores, for example, a comparison image.
  • the comparison image may be obtained from an external device, etc., or may be stored in advance in the storage unit 14.
  • the storage unit 14 may store mask data.
  • the output unit 15 outputs various types of information.
  • the output unit 15 includes a display device such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display, a liquid crystal display, or an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) display.
  • the output unit 15 may be configured as an interface that connects these display devices to the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • the output unit 15 outputs information input to the input unit 12 or the communication unit 13, for example.
  • the output unit 15 may display, for example, the second converted image.
  • the output unit 15 may display, for example, the image to be analyzed.
  • the output unit 15 may display, for example, a three-dimensional highlighted image.
  • the output unit 15 may display, for example, quantitative information.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control unit 11 provided in the three-dimensional image processing device 1 in the embodiment.
  • the control unit 11 includes an image processing unit 111, an input control unit 112, a communication control unit 113, a storage control unit 114, and an output control unit 115.
  • the image processing unit 111 performs at least a three-dimensional alignment process.
  • the image processing unit 111 may perform, for example, a three-dimensional highlighted display image generation process.
  • the image processing unit 111 may perform, for example, a quantitative information acquisition process.
  • the image processing unit 111 may perform, for example, a pre-image forming process.
  • the image processing unit 111 may perform, for example, a mask data generation process.
  • the image processing unit 111 may, for example, control the operation of the communication control unit 113 to cause the communication unit 13 to output image data of the second converted image to a device to which the image data of the second converted image is to be output. In such a case, the image processing unit 111 outputs the image data of the second converted image to the communication control unit 113.
  • the communication control unit 113 causes the communication unit 13 to output the acquired image data.
  • the image processing unit 111 may, for example, control the operation of the output control unit 115 to cause the output unit 15 to output image data of the second converted image. In such a case, the image processing unit 111 outputs image data of the second converted image to the output control unit 115.
  • the output control unit 115 causes the output unit 15 to output the acquired image data.
  • the input control unit 112 controls the operation of the input unit 12.
  • the communication control unit 113 controls the operation of the communication unit 13.
  • the memory control unit 114 controls the operation of the memory unit 14.
  • the output control unit 115 controls the operation of the output unit 15.
  • the output control unit 115 controls the operation of the output unit 15 to cause the output unit 15 to display the image to be analyzed.
  • the output control unit 115 controls the operation of the output unit 15 to cause the output unit 15 to display the second converted image obtained by the image processing unit 111.
  • the output control unit 115 may control the operation of the output unit 15 to cause the output unit 15 to display the three-dimensional highlighted image obtained by the image processing unit 111.
  • the output control unit 115 may control the operation of the output unit 15 to cause the output unit 15 to display the quantitative information obtained by the image processing unit 111.
  • FIG. 7 An example of the flow of processing executed by the three-dimensional image processing device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 below.
  • the example of processing will be described using an example in which the second specification information has been input in advance by the user, and an analysis target image and a comparison target image for which a preliminary image forming process has already been performed are used.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of processing executed by the three-dimensional image processing device 1 of the embodiment.
  • a target image set is input to the input unit 12 or the communication unit 13 (step S201).
  • the image processing unit 111 executes a first registration process on the images of the input target image set (step S202).
  • the image processing unit 111 executes a second registration process (step S203).
  • the image processing unit 111 controls the operation of the communication control unit 113 or the output control unit 115 to output image data of the second converted image to an output destination corresponding to each control target (step S204). Therefore, when the image processing unit 111 controls the operation of the communication control unit 113 in step S204, it controls the operation of the communication unit 113 via control of the operation of the communication control unit 113 to output image data of the second converted image to the output destination device. In this case, as described above, the image processing unit 111 outputs image data of the second converted image to the communication control unit 113.
  • step S204 when the image processing unit 111 controls the operation of the output control unit 115, it controls the operation of the output control unit 115 to cause the output unit 15 to output image data of the second converted image.
  • the image processing unit 111 outputs image data of the second converted image to the output control unit 115.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the results of an experiment in an embodiment.
  • an image showing changes in a patient's alveolar bone was obtained by the three-dimensional image processing device 1.
  • an image showing changes in the alveolar bone was obtained based on an image of the patient's teeth taken in 2018 and an image of the patient's teeth taken in 2020.
  • Image G5-1 shows changes in the alveolar bone in a highlighted display. For example, area A1 in image G5-1 shows changes in the alveolar bone.
  • image G5-2 the upper left, upper right, and lower left images are each an example of a cross section of a three-dimensional image taken in 2018.
  • Image G5-3 is an example of a three-dimensional image taken in 2018.
  • the upper left, upper right, and lower left images of image G5-4 are each examples of cross sections of a three-dimensional image taken in 2020.
  • Image G5-5 is an example of a three-dimensional image taken in 2020.
  • the difference between the image of area A2 in image G5-3 and the image of area A3 in image G5-5 is area A1. More specifically, area A1 indicates that alveolar bone resorption occurred between 2018 and 2020.
  • image G5-1 the amount of alveolar bone resorption in area A1 between 2018 and 2020 was 6.9 cubic millimeters.
  • the 3D image processing device 1 of this embodiment configured as described above performs rigid body transformation on one of the 3D images to reduce the difference in the image of the object to be analyzed that appears in two 3D images captured at different times.
  • tooth roots are less susceptible to morphological changes over time compared to teeth and other periodontal tissues. Therefore, such a 3D image processing device 1 can increase the accuracy of diagnosing the condition of teeth or periodontal tissues.
  • the image processing unit 111 may execute a separation degree improved image generation process.
  • the separation degree improved image generation process is a process for generating an image in which the degree of separation between the tooth image and the alveolar bone image shown in the analysis target image and the second transformed image is increased.
  • the image on which the separation degree improved image generation process is executed is referred to as the separation target image.
  • the separation target image is the analysis target image or the second transformed image.
  • the separation improvement image generation process is an example of a mask data generation process.
  • a first sub-separation process is executed.
  • the first sub-separation process is a process for selecting a slice on the tooth root side from the position indicated by the point position information from among slice images generated as a result of slicing the separation target image in the direction from the root of the tooth to be analyzed to the crown based on the jaw information.
  • the determination of whether or not the slice image is on the tooth root side is performed based on the point position information and the jaw information as described above.
  • the process of selecting a slice closer to the tooth root than the position indicated by the point position information in the resolution-enhanced image generation process is, for example, the process described above of selecting whether each slice image to be analyzed is a two-dimensional image for generating mask data.
  • the image to be separated is a CT image
  • the image to be separated is a so-called axial image.
  • the long axis of the tooth is nearly perpendicular to the slice image.
  • the slice image may be a slice image that has been recut into a slice perpendicular to the tooth axis by specifying the tooth axis or cervical line by the user.
  • the second sub-separation process is a process of binarizing the image to be separated using a threshold value equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
  • the predetermined value is a value that satisfies the condition that the area on the image to be separated that is determined by the image processing unit 111 to be pixels representing teeth is small even when the threshold value is less than the predetermined value.
  • the third sub-separation process is then executed.
  • the third sub-separation process is an arc-shaped connection point determination process.
  • the fourth sub-separation process is then executed.
  • the fourth sub-separation process is a process in which the pixel values of pixels that are surrounded by arc-shaped connected pixels but are not arc-shaped connected pixels are replaced with the pixel values of the arc-shaped connected pixels.
  • the fifth sub-separation process is then executed.
  • the fifth sub-separation process is a process in which the area of arc-shaped connected pixels that was generated smaller than the actual root outline in the second sub-separation process to ensure separation of the tooth root and the alveolar bone is enlarged by morphological transformation to a size larger than the actual root outline.
  • the sixth sub-separation process is next executed.
  • the sixth sub-separation process is a process in which all pixel values of the slice images not selected in the first sub-separation process are set to 0.
  • the separation-enhancing image generation process performs the arc-shaped connection point determination process using the point position as a reference, setting it to be smaller than the actual tooth root, and then enlarging it later.
  • the description has been given taking as an example a case where the user inputs the first specification information, the second specification information, the point position information, and the jaw specification information.
  • the first specification information, the second specification information, the point position information, and the jaw specification information may be stored in advance in the storage unit 14. For example, if the analysis target image and the comparison target image have been selected by the user and the position indicated by the first specification information is approximately the same in each image, the user does not need to input the first specification information.
  • range position information may be used instead of point position information.
  • the range position information may be information indicating the tooth neck. Because the tooth root is below the tooth neck, mask data can be generated even if range position information is used instead of point position information.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 does not necessarily have to be configured in a single housing.
  • the three-dimensional image processing device 1 may be implemented using a plurality of information processing devices communicably connected via a network. In this case, each functional unit of the three-dimensional image processing device 1 may be distributed and implemented in a plurality of information processing devices.
  • the output unit 15 is an example of a predetermined display destination.
  • the first converted image is an example of one of the images after the first registration process is performed.
  • All or part of the functions of the three-dimensional image processing device 1 may be realized using hardware such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
  • the program may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. Examples of computer-readable recording media include portable media such as flexible disks, optical magnetic disks, ROMs, and CD-ROMs, and storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems.
  • the program may be transmitted via a telecommunications line.

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JPH06165036A (ja) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 放射線画像の位置合せ方法
JPH07262346A (ja) * 1994-03-17 1995-10-13 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 放射線画像の位置合せ方法

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JPH06165036A (ja) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 放射線画像の位置合せ方法
JPH07262346A (ja) * 1994-03-17 1995-10-13 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 放射線画像の位置合せ方法

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