WO2024068532A1 - Composition for animal feed and associated production method - Google Patents

Composition for animal feed and associated production method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024068532A1
WO2024068532A1 PCT/EP2023/076376 EP2023076376W WO2024068532A1 WO 2024068532 A1 WO2024068532 A1 WO 2024068532A1 EP 2023076376 W EP2023076376 W EP 2023076376W WO 2024068532 A1 WO2024068532 A1 WO 2024068532A1
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Prior art keywords
insect
composition
meal
oil
flour
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PCT/EP2023/076376
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French (fr)
Inventor
Romain MENARD
Cameron RICHARDS
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Veolia Environnement
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Publication of WO2024068532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024068532A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an animal nutrient composition comprising insect meal and a method of manufacturing such a composition.
  • flying insects are increasingly used, both in the field of bioconversion, i.e. the production of compost from organic waste, and in the production of protein materials, or protein flours. for human or animal food, and in many other areas.
  • bioconversion i.e. the production of compost from organic waste
  • protein materials or protein flours. for human or animal food
  • breeding adult insects are raised and the eggs laid are collected to incubate them. Incubation can take place in contact with organic waste. Indeed, after hatching, the presence of organic waste promotes the growth of larvae which will feed on this organic waste. The larvae will thus, throughout their growth, participate in the degradation of organic waste into compost.
  • the resulting larvae or pupae are then ground and dried to obtain a protein-rich insect meal which is generally used for making animal feed.
  • animal feeds particularly for water animals such as shrimps, comprising such insect meal are particularly advantageous in promoting growth and virus resistance in reared animals.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide a composition for animals and a method of manufacturing such a composition overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a composition for animal nutrition comprising an insect meal and an insect oil.
  • An advantage of such a composition comprising both an insect meal and an insect oil is to improve the digestibility and growth of animals fed with such a composition without degrading resistance to viruses.
  • the composition comprises between 1%m and 10%m by mass of insect flour and/or comprises between 1%m and 10%m of insect oil.
  • the composition comprises between 1%m and 5%m of insect flour, preferably between 1%m and 3%m or between 1.5%m and 2.5%m.
  • An advantage is to allow the reduction of the proportion of insect meal in the animal nutrition composition while improving the digestibility and growth of animals fed using such a composition.
  • the composition thus produced is also less expensive since insect oil is generally a by-product of insect meal.
  • the composition comprises between 1%m and 5%m of insect oil, preferably between 1%m and 3%m or between 1.5%m and 2.5%m.
  • the ratio of the mass concentration of insect flour to the mass concentration of insect oil is between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
  • the insect meal and/or insect oil is obtained from flying insect larvae or pupae.
  • the insect meal and/or insect oil is obtained from dipteran larvae or pupae.
  • the insect meal and/or insect oil is obtained from larvae or pupae of the dipteran Hermetia lllucens.
  • the insect meal and the insect oil are obtained from the same insect species.
  • the composition comprises between 30%m and 50%m protein and between 2%m and 15%m fat.
  • the composition further comprises between 1%m and 5%m of fibers, and/or between 5%m and 15%m of ash, and/or between 10%m and 25%m of starch .
  • the invention also relates to a composition according to the first aspect for use as a medicine.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composition for animal nutrition comprising the following steps: rearing larvae in a nutrient tank, using said larvae (or pupae resulting from said larvae) to the production of insect flour and oil, the manufacture, from said flour and said insect oil, of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method comprising the breeding of animals, such as fish or shrimp from a diet comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the invention or resulting from the method according to the third aspect.
  • Figure 1 a table representing the different compositions used for the diet of shrimp populations.
  • Composition E being an example of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 a table representing the different nutrient contents of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 a graph representing the mass gain of shrimp after 30 days and 45 days depending on their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 a graph representing the consumption index of shrimp as a function of their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 A graph representing the protein efficiency ratio of shrimp as a function of their diet with one of the compositions shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 A graph representing the survival rate of shrimp exposed to a virus as a function of their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 7 A table representing the percentage of nutrient digestibility of shrimp as a function of their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the present invention relates to an animal nutrient composition comprising both an insect meal and an insect oil.
  • Insect oil is a secondary product from the manufacture of insect meal. It was surprisingly found by the inventors that the addition of insect oil to the composition made it possible to improve the growth of the animal, the consumption index and the protein efficiency ratio. The mass of insect flour necessary for the preparation is therefore advantageously reduced, making it possible in particular to reduce the production costs of such a composition.
  • compositions comprising a low concentration of insect meal and an insect oil had similar properties to a composition comprising a high concentration of insect meal.
  • the composition according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain properties similar to a composition comprising more insect flour.
  • the insect meal and/or insect oil are obtained from raised insects, in particular from flying insects.
  • the flying insect in question is a pterygote insect.
  • the flying insect in question is an insect belonging to the infra-class Neoptera or the super-order Endopterygota or Exopterygota.
  • the flying insect in question belongs to one of the following orders: Blattodea, Dermaptera, Embioptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Mantodea, Odonata, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Phthiraptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera, or Siphonaptera.
  • the flying insect belongs to the order Dipteria.
  • the flying insect is a “Hermetia lllucens” fly, also called “Black Soldier Fly”.
  • the flying insect is a fly “Tenebrio molitor”.
  • the flying insects are placed in a chamber for breeding and the eggs are collected to be placed in nutrient bins such as compost.
  • the larvae hatching from the eggs grow by consuming nutrients from the tank.
  • the individuals are taken again to form insect flour by heating and by separation between the pasty phase and the oil.
  • the heating step and the separation step implemented are identical to those described in document FR3098687B1.
  • flour production may include the following steps:
  • lipid phase also called "insect oil”
  • lipid phase rich in proteins and containing mainly water lipid phase rich in proteins
  • the physical separation step can be carried out by centrifugation. This physical separation can also be carried out by any other suitable separation process, in particular by filtration or decantation.
  • the physical separation stage makes it possible to separate the different nutrient flows contained in the larvae. When we proceed by centrifugation, this separation of nutrient flows is obtained using centrifugal force which allows the separation of nutrients thanks to the difference in density of the different constituents of the larvae.
  • the lipid phase is extracted for its subsequent exploitation.
  • Drying the solid phase increases the mass percentage of nutrients in the dry product and improves the stability of the product during storage and transport phases.
  • This drying can for example be carried out between 40°C and 100°C, and preferably between 60°C and 90°C.
  • all or a fraction of the protein-rich liquid phase can be sent to the drying step with the solid phase.
  • the dry product obtained at the end of drying is then cooled, then crushed to obtain a final product called flour. Cooling can, for example, be carried out in the open air or using cold water (i.e. below 20°C).
  • the nutrients present in the growth tank of the larvae during their rearing phase can condition the nutrients present in the pupae and consequently, in the insect meal produced.
  • the nutrients include plant materials such as vegetables or compost materials.
  • the rearing of larvae is done on a mixture of organic co-products from the food or agri-food industry, mainly comprising spent grains and yeasts from brewers as well as residues from the wheat and rice industries. .
  • the composition is intended for animal nutrition such as bovine or pig feed.
  • the composition is intended for nutrition for fish farming such as for farmed fish.
  • the composition is intended for feeding farmed shrimp such as Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp.
  • composition which is the subject of the invention comprises insect flour as described above and insect oil.
  • insect oil is obtained by the separation step of the manufacturing method insect flour, that is to say from the same larval pulp as that used for the manufacture of said insect flour.
  • the composition comprises a mass concentration of insect meal less than 10%m (%m for mass percentage), preferably less than or equal to 5%m.
  • the mass concentration of insect meal in the composition is between 1%m and 5%m, preferably between 1.5%m and 2.5%m. in the preferred mode, the mass concentration of insect meal in the composition is approximately 2% m.
  • the mass concentration of insect oil in the composition is between 1%m and 5%m, preferably between 1.5%m and 2.5%m. in the preferred mode, the mass concentration of insect meal in the composition is approximately 2% m.
  • the composition comprises a mass concentration of insect flour equal to or substantially equal to the mass concentration of insect oil.
  • the ratio of the insect flour concentration divided by the insect oil concentration is between 0.1 and 9, preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, very preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
  • the composition also includes other compounds generally found in animal feed compositions.
  • a person skilled in the art will easily be able to formulate a composition for animal feed or more specifically for fish feed such as feed for shrimp.
  • composition further includes protein sources other than those from insect flour and oil.
  • the composition may include fish meals, mixtures of marine flours and/or powdered tuna liver or any other mixture derived from these compounds.
  • the composition may also include animal proteins such as poultry meal.
  • the composition further comprises at least one animal meal other than insect meal.
  • animal meal we mean flour derived from land or sea animals such as fish meal, poultry meal, animal organ powder such as liver powder.
  • the composition comprises between 30%m and 50%m of proteins, more preferably between 35%m and 40%m.
  • the composition comprises fish meal comprising between 58% m and 62% m protein (called “60% fish meal” in the remainder of the description) and/or fish meal comprising between 63% m and 67%m protein (called 65% fish meal” in the rest of the description).
  • the composition comprises between 5%m and 15%m of “60% fish meal”, preferably between 6%m and 13%m. Very preferably, the composition comprises between 9%m and 10%m of “60% fish meal”.
  • the composition comprises between 0 and 3% m of “65% flour”, preferably between 0.5% m and 1.5% m.
  • the composition comprises between 10%m and 15%m of marine flour mixture.
  • the marine flour mixture is preferably obtained from a mixture of algae or microalgae flours and/or from a mixture of shellfish.
  • the composition further includes fats such as oils.
  • the composition includes insect oil as described previously.
  • the composition further comprises other sources of fat such as fish oils, tuna oil, lecithin and/or cholesterol.
  • the composition comprises cholesterol between 0%m and 1%m, preferably between 0%m and 0.01%m.
  • the composition comprises fish oil such as tuna oil between 0.05%m and 1%m, preferably between 0.5%m and 0.2%m, very preferably approximately 0.1%.
  • the composition comprises lecithin (also called phosphatidylcholine).
  • the composition comprises between 0.5%m and 5%m lecithin, very preferably between 1%m and 2%m lecithin.
  • lecithin can be replaced by one or more other compounds from the phosphoglyceride class.
  • the composition preferably comprises between 2% m and 15% m fat. Very preferably, the composition comprises between 5%m and 10%m fat or between 6.5%m and 8.5%m or approximately 7.8%m fat.
  • the composition may also comprise fibers, in particular plant fibers.
  • the composition comprises between 1%m and 5%m of fibers.
  • the composition comprises between 1.5% m and 3% m of fibers or approximately 2% m of fibers.
  • the composition may additionally include ashes.
  • the composition comprises between 5%m and 15%m of ash, very preferably between 8%m and 11%m of ash or approximately 9.6%m of ash.
  • the composition may also include starch, in particular between 10%m and 25%m starch.
  • starch in particular between 10%m and 25%m starch.
  • the composition comprises between 10%m and 20%m of starch or between 15%m and 19%m of starch or approximately 17%m of starch.
  • the composition may include vegetable flours.
  • the composition comprises soy flour, preferably between 20% m and 27% m, very preferably between 22% m and 25% m.
  • the composition may include fermented soy.
  • the composition comprises between 3%m and 7%m, very preferably around 5%m of fermented soya.
  • the composition may include wheat flour.
  • the composition comprises between 15%m and 30%m of wheat flour, very preferably between 18%m and 26%m of wheat flour or approximately 23%m of wheat flour.
  • the composition may include wheat grain.
  • the composition comprises between 1%m and 8%m of wheat grain, very preferably between 3%m and 6%m or approximately 5%m.
  • the composition may include rice bran such as brown rice bran.
  • the composition may include lysine, preferably between 0 and 0.5% m.
  • the composition may include methionine, preferably between 0 and 0.5% m.
  • the composition may additionally include other premixes and additives.
  • Additives may include preservatives or antibacterial agents.
  • the composition comprises between 1%m and 7%m of such premixes or additives, very preferably between 3%m and 5%m.
  • composition E is illustrated in column E of the table illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the composition comprises approximately 2% m of insect flour and also comprises approximately 2% m of insect oil, both obtained from “Hermetia lllucens” fly pupae.
  • compositions were also produced. These compositions respectively comprise 2%m, 5%m and 10%m of insect flour obtained from “Hermetia lllucens” fly pupae, but do not include insect oil. As such, compositions D1, D2 and D3 are not included in the invention.
  • a control composition C was also produced. This control composition does not include insect meal or insect oil.
  • compositions D1, D2, D3 and C are detailed in the table illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Penaeus vannamei type shrimp also called “Asian Litopenaeus Vannamei”
  • Each population was raised from the juvenile stage for 45 days by being fed with a diet each comprising one of the different compositions E, D1, D2, D3 and C.
  • Each population includes four tanks each containing eighty shrimp (i.e. three hundred and twenty shrimp per population).
  • the shrimp used are at the “PL12” stage at the start of the experiment, that is to say shrimp having undergone their metamorphosis 12 days previously.
  • the shrimp from each population were then weighed after 30 days and then after 45 days.
  • the graph shown in Figure 3 represents the mass of shrimp in grams as a function of their diet.
  • the dark bars represent the average mass (in grams) of shrimp from a population after 45 days. Dark bars represent the average (in grams) shrimp mass of a shrimp population after 30 days. The standard deviations for each population are represented as error bars on the graph.
  • compositions D2, D3 and E that is to say compositions comprising respectively 5% m of insect flour, 10% m of insect flour, and 2% m of insect flour + 2% m insect oil.
  • composition E comprising 2%m of insect flour and 2%m achieves results statistically similar to those obtained from compositions D3 and D2.
  • composition according to the invention therefore advantageously makes it possible to improve the growth of shrimp while limiting the concentration of insect meal.
  • An unexpected synergy effect is thus observed between insect meal and insect oil for animal feed.
  • FIG 4 illustrates the consumption index (also called “feed conversion ratio” in English) of each food supply on the aforementioned populations.
  • the consumption index (CI) is the ratio between a quantity of digestible energy consumed and a quantity of production expressed in kilograms (kg).
  • the consumption index depends on the composition of the food and therefore varies depending on the food used. The coarser the food, the lower its energy density, the higher the IC. The consumption index thus makes it possible to measure the effectiveness of a food on the weight growth of the animal.
  • composition E advantageously makes it possible to achieve a consumption indicator higher than that obtained for D1 and similar to that obtained for compositions D2 and D3 which include more insect flour. that composition E.
  • compositions C, D1, D2, D3 and E were used for this experiment.
  • Penaeus vannamei type shrimp also called “Asian Litopenaeus Vannamei”
  • the five shrimp populations were fed with one of the different compositions C, D1, D2, D3 and E.
  • Each population includes a plurality of juvenile shrimp (weighing between 1.5g and 2g) and was fed for 7 days.
  • Each of the 5 populations of shrimp was exposed with a “Vibrio Parahaemolyticus” virus to observe the resistance of the shrimp to said virus.
  • a 6th population (NC) called “negative control” was fed with the control composition without being exposed to the virus to compare the mortality of shrimp from the virus-free population.
  • the survival rate after 7 days of exposure as a percentage of shrimp for each population is represented in the graph shown in Figure 6.
  • the population fed with the control composition C has a significantly lower survival rate than the populations fed with insect meal D1, D2, D3 and E.
  • the presence of insect meal advantageously improves the immune response of the shrimp exposed to the “Vibrio Parahaemolyticus” virus.
  • the presence of insect meal in a composition advantageously improves the animal immune response to viruses.
  • Example 2 A new experiment similar to that described in Example 2 was also carried out. As for Example 2, five population groups of Penaeus vannamei type shrimp were fed with one of the compositions C, D1, D2, D3 and E.
  • Digestibility is a criterion that defines the degree to which a material is digested by an animal.
  • Apparent digestibility is a concept well known to those skilled in the art which can be obtained by dividing the difference between the quantity of food ingested and the quantity of food present in the excrement by the quantity of food ingested.
  • compositions D1, D2 and D3 including insect meal makes it possible to advantageously increase the digestibility of proteins compared to a diet with control composition C not including insect meal. Increasing the concentration of insect meal also seems to increase digestibility (D3 greater than D1 and D2).
  • composition E comprising insect flour and insect oil makes it possible to increase the digestibility of proteins to a greater extent (88.49% for composition E against 81.97% for composition D1 and 82.07% for composition D3).
  • composition E Apparent digestibility of other nutrients including percent digestibility of dry matter, percent digestibility of organic matter, percent digestibility of lipids, percent digestibility of nitrogen-free extracts were also measured (see table figure 7). It appears that for all these nutrients, the shrimp fed with composition E had the best apparent digestibility compared to that of the shrimp fed with each of the compositions C, D1, D2, D3.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a composition for animal feed comprising an insect meal and an insect oil.

Description

COMPOSITION POUR NUTRIMENT ANIMAL ET MÉTHODE DE FABRICATION ASSOCIÉE ANIMAL NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD
Domaine de l’invention Field of the invention
L’invention concerne une composition pour nutriment animal comprenant une farine d’insecte et une méthode de fabrication d’une telle composition. The invention relates to an animal nutrient composition comprising insect meal and a method of manufacturing such a composition.
État de la technique State of the art
L'élevage d'insectes volants est de plus en plus utilisé, aussi bien dans le domaine de la bioconversion c'est-à-dire la production de compost à partir de déchets organiques, que dans la production de matières protéiques, ou farines protéiques pour l'alimentation humaine ou animale, et dans bien d'autres domaines. En élevage, les insectes adultes sont élevés et les œufs pondus sont récupérés pour les incuber. L'incubation peut se faire au contact de déchets organiques. En effet, après éclosion, la présence de déchets organiques favorise la croissance des larves qui vont se nourrir de ces déchets organiques. Les larves vont ainsi, le long de leur croissance, participer à la dégradation des déchets organiques en compost. The breeding of flying insects is increasingly used, both in the field of bioconversion, i.e. the production of compost from organic waste, and in the production of protein materials, or protein flours. for human or animal food, and in many other areas. In breeding, adult insects are raised and the eggs laid are collected to incubate them. Incubation can take place in contact with organic waste. Indeed, after hatching, the presence of organic waste promotes the growth of larvae which will feed on this organic waste. The larvae will thus, throughout their growth, participate in the degradation of organic waste into compost.
Les larves ou les pupes obtenues sont ensuite broyées et séchées pour obtenir une farine d’insecte riche en protéines qui est généralement utilisé pour la fabrication d’aliments pour animaux. The resulting larvae or pupae are then ground and dried to obtain a protein-rich insect meal which is generally used for making animal feed.
Il a déjà été constaté que des aliments pour animaux, notamment pour les animaux d’eau tels que les crevettes, comprenant une telle farine d’insecte sont particulièrement avantageux pour favoriser la croissance et la résistance aux virus des animaux élevés. It has already been found that animal feeds, particularly for water animals such as shrimps, comprising such insect meal are particularly advantageous in promoting growth and virus resistance in reared animals.
Un inconvénient de tels aliments est que le broyage et le séchage des pulpes sont demandeurs en termes d’énergie. Par conséquent, la farine d’insecte est onéreuse. De plus, il a été observé que l’efficacité de la farine d’insecte n’est visible qu’à partir d’une certaine quantité, empêchant donc de réduire sa concentration dans les aliments finaux. A disadvantage of such foods is that grinding and drying the pulps is energy intensive. Therefore, insect meal is expensive. In addition, it has been observed that the effectiveness of insect meal is only visible from a certain quantity, therefore preventing its concentration from being reduced in the final foods.
L’invention vise donc à fournir une composition pour animaux et une méthode de fabrication d’une telle composition surmontant les inconvénients précités. Résumé de l’invention The invention therefore aims to provide a composition for animals and a method of manufacturing such a composition overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks. Summary of the invention
Selon un premier aspect, l’invention concerne une composition pour nutrition animale comprenant une farine d’insecte et une huile d’insecte. According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a composition for animal nutrition comprising an insect meal and an insect oil.
Un avantage d’une telle composition comprenant à la fois une farine d’insecte et une huile d’insecte est d’améliorer la digestibilité et la croissance des animaux nourris à l’aide d’une telle composition sans dégrader la résistance aux virus. An advantage of such a composition comprising both an insect meal and an insect oil is to improve the digestibility and growth of animals fed with such a composition without degrading resistance to viruses.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 1 %m et 10%m en masse de farine d’insecte et/ou comprend entre 1 %m et 10%m d’huile d’insecte. In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 1%m and 10%m by mass of insect flour and/or comprises between 1%m and 10%m of insect oil.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 1 %m et 5%m de farine d’insecte, préférentiellement entre 1 %m et 3%m ou entre 1 ,5%m et 2,5%m. In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 1%m and 5%m of insect flour, preferably between 1%m and 3%m or between 1.5%m and 2.5%m.
Un avantage est de permettre la diminution de la part de farine d’insecte dans la composition de nutrition animale tout en améliorant la digestibilité et la croissance des animaux nourris à l’aide d’une telle composition. La composition ainsi produite est également moins onéreuse puisque l’huile d’insecte est généralement un sous-produit de la farine d’insecte. An advantage is to allow the reduction of the proportion of insect meal in the animal nutrition composition while improving the digestibility and growth of animals fed using such a composition. The composition thus produced is also less expensive since insect oil is generally a by-product of insect meal.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 1 %m et 5%m d’huile d’insecte, préférentiellement entre 1 %m et 3%m ou entre 1 ,5%m et 2,5%m. In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 1%m and 5%m of insect oil, preferably between 1%m and 3%m or between 1.5%m and 2.5%m.
Dans un mode de réalisation, le ratio de la concentration massique de farine d’insecte sur la concentration massique d’huile d’insecte est compris entre 0,5 et 1 ,5, préférentiellement entre 0,8 et 1 ,2. In one embodiment, the ratio of the mass concentration of insect flour to the mass concentration of insect oil is between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la farine d’insecte et/ou l’huile d’insecte est obtenue à partir de larves ou de pupes d’insecte volant. In one embodiment, the insect meal and/or insect oil is obtained from flying insect larvae or pupae.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la farine d’insecte et/ou l’huile d’insecte est obtenue à partir de larves ou de pupes de diptère. In one embodiment, the insect meal and/or insect oil is obtained from dipteran larvae or pupae.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la farine d'insecte et/ou l’huile d’insecte est obtenue à partir de larves ou de pupes de diptère Hermetia lllucens. In one embodiment, the insect meal and/or insect oil is obtained from larvae or pupae of the dipteran Hermetia lllucens.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la farine d’insecte et l’huile d’insecte sont obtenues à partir de la même espèce d’insecte. Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 30%m et 50%m de protéine et entre 2%m et 15%m de matières grasses. Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend en outre entre 1 %m et 5 %m de fibres, et/ou entre 5%m et 15%m de cendres, et/ou entre 10%m et 25%m d’amidon. In one embodiment, the insect meal and the insect oil are obtained from the same insect species. In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 30%m and 50%m protein and between 2%m and 15%m fat. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises between 1%m and 5%m of fibers, and/or between 5%m and 15%m of ash, and/or between 10%m and 25%m of starch .
Dans un second aspect, l’invention concerne également une composition selon le premier aspect pour utilisation comme médicament. In a second aspect, the invention also relates to a composition according to the first aspect for use as a medicine.
Selon un troisième aspect, l’invention concerne une méthode de fabrication d’une composition pour nutrition animale comprenant les étapes suivantes : l’élevage de larves dans un bac de nutriments, l’utilisation desdites larves (ou des pupes issues desdites larves) pour la production de farine et d’huile d’insecte, la fabrication, à partir de ladite farine et ladite huile d’insecte, d’une composition selon le premier aspect de l’invention. According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composition for animal nutrition comprising the following steps: rearing larvae in a nutrient tank, using said larvae (or pupae resulting from said larvae) to the production of insect flour and oil, the manufacture, from said flour and said insect oil, of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention.
Selon un quatrième aspect, l’invention concerne une méthode comprenant l’élevage d’animaux, tels que des poissons ou des crevettes à partir d’un régime alimentaire comprenant la composition selon le premier aspect de l’invention ou issue de la méthode selon le troisième aspect. According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method comprising the breeding of animals, such as fish or shrimp from a diet comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the invention or resulting from the method according to the third aspect.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, en référence aux figures annexées, qui illustrent : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:
Figure 1 : un tableau représentant les différentes compositions utilisées pour le régime alimentaire de populations de crevettes. La composition E étant un exemple de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 1: a table representing the different compositions used for the diet of shrimp populations. Composition E being an example of an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 : un tableau représentant les différentes teneurs en nutriments des compositions illustrées en figure 1 . Figure 2: a table representing the different nutrient contents of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 3 : un graphique représentant la prise de masse de crevettes après 30 jours et 45 jours en fonction de leur régime alimentaire avec l’une des compositions illustrées sur la figure 1 . Figure 3: a graph representing the mass gain of shrimp after 30 days and 45 days depending on their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 4 : un graphique représentant l’indice de consommation des crevettes en fonction de leur régime alimentaire avec l’une des compositions illustrées sur la figure 1 . Figure 5 : un graphique représentant le ratio d’efficacité protéique des crevettes en fonction de leur régime alimentaire avec l’une des compositions illustrées sur la figure 1 . Figure 4: a graph representing the consumption index of shrimp as a function of their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 5: A graph representing the protein efficiency ratio of shrimp as a function of their diet with one of the compositions shown in Figure 1.
Figure 6 : un graphique représentant le taux de survie des crevettes exposées à un virus en fonction de leur régime alimentaire avec l’une des compositions illustrées sur la figure 1 . Figure 6: A graph representing the survival rate of shrimp exposed to a virus as a function of their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 7 : un tableau représentant le pourcentage de digestibilité des nutriments des crevettes en fonction de leur régime alimentaire avec l’une des compositions illustrées sur la figure 1 . Figure 7: A table representing the percentage of nutrient digestibility of shrimp as a function of their diet with one of the compositions illustrated in Figure 1.
Description de l’invention Description of the invention
La présente invention concerne une composition pour nutriment animale comprenant à la fois une farine d’insecte et une huile d’insecte. The present invention relates to an animal nutrient composition comprising both an insect meal and an insect oil.
L’huile d’insecte est un produit secondaire issu de la fabrication de la farine d’insecte. Il a été trouvé de manière surprenante par les inventeurs que l’ajout d’huile d’insecte à la composition permettait d’améliorer la croissance de l’animal, l’indice de consommation et le ratio d’efficacité des protéines. La masse de farine d’insecte nécessaire pour la préparation est donc avantageusement réduite, permettant notamment de réduire les coûts de production d’une telle composition. Insect oil is a secondary product from the manufacture of insect meal. It was surprisingly found by the inventors that the addition of insect oil to the composition made it possible to improve the growth of the animal, the consumption index and the protein efficiency ratio. The mass of insect flour necessary for the preparation is therefore advantageously reduced, making it possible in particular to reduce the production costs of such a composition.
Il a également été trouvé de manière surprenante par les inventeurs qu’une composition comprenant une faible concentration de farine d’insecte et une huile d’insecte avait des propriétés similaires à une composition comprenant une forte concentration en farine d’insecte. La composition selon l’invention permet avantageusement d’obtenir des propriétés similaires à une composition comprenant plus de farine d’insecte. It was also found surprisingly by the inventors that a composition comprising a low concentration of insect meal and an insect oil had similar properties to a composition comprising a high concentration of insect meal. The composition according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain properties similar to a composition comprising more insect flour.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la farine d’insecte et/ou l’huile d’insecte sont obtenues à partir d’insectes élevés, notamment à partir d’insectes volants. In one embodiment, the insect meal and/or insect oil are obtained from raised insects, in particular from flying insects.
Dans un mode de réalisation, l'insecte volant en question est un insecte ptérygote. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'insecte volant en question est un insecte appartenant à l’ infra-classe des neoptera ou au super-ordre des endopterygota ou des exopterygota. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'insecte volant en question appartient à un des ordres suivants : Blattodea, Dermaptera, Embioptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Mantodea, Odonata, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Phthiraptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera, ou Siphonaptera. Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, l'insecte volant appartient à l'ordre Dipteria. Très préférentiellement, l'insecte volant est une mouche « Hermetia lllucens », aussi appelée « Black Soldier Fly ». Dans un autre mode, l’insecte volant est une mouche « Tenebrio molitor ». In one embodiment, the flying insect in question is a pterygote insect. In one embodiment, the flying insect in question is an insect belonging to the infra-class Neoptera or the super-order Endopterygota or Exopterygota. In one embodiment, the flying insect in question belongs to one of the following orders: Blattodea, Dermaptera, Embioptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Mantodea, Odonata, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Phthiraptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera, or Siphonaptera. In a preferred embodiment, the flying insect belongs to the order Dipteria. Very preferably, the flying insect is a “Hermetia lllucens” fly, also called “Black Soldier Fly”. In another mode, the flying insect is a fly “Tenebrio molitor”.
Les insectes volants sont placés dans une chambre pour la reproduction et les œufs sont prélevés pour être placés dans des bacs de nutriments tels que du compost. Les larves issues des œufs grandissent en consommant les nutriments du bac. The flying insects are placed in a chamber for breeding and the eggs are collected to be placed in nutrient bins such as compost. The larvae hatching from the eggs grow by consuming nutrients from the tank.
À l’état de pupe ou larvaire, les individus sont à nouveau prélevés pour former une farine d’insecte par chauffage et par séparation entre la phase pâteuse et l’huile. Dans un mode de réalisation, l’étape de chauffage et l’étape de séparation mises en œuvre sont identiques à celles décrites dans le document FR3098687B1 . In the pupal or larval state, the individuals are taken again to form insect flour by heating and by separation between the pasty phase and the oil. In one embodiment, the heating step and the separation step implemented are identical to those described in document FR3098687B1.
Par exemple, la production de farine peut comprendre les étapes suivantes : For example, flour production may include the following steps:
- une étape de fourniture de larves préalablement nettoyées constituant un mélange nutritif initial de larves fraîches ; - a step of supplying previously cleaned larvae constituting an initial nutrient mixture of fresh larvae;
- une étape mécanique de réduction de la taille des larves, conduisant à la formation d’un mélange nutritif sous forme de pulpe (ou pulpe larvaire) ; - a mechanical step of reducing the size of the larvae, leading to the formation of a nutrient mixture in the form of pulp (or larval pulp);
- une étape de séparation physique dudit mélange nutritif sous forme de pulpe larvaire, conduisant à l’obtention d’une phase lipidique (également appelée « huile d’insecte »), d’une phase liquide riche en protéines et contenant majoritairement de l’eau, et d’une phase solide riche en protéines ; - a step of physical separation of said nutrient mixture in the form of larval pulp, leading to obtaining a lipid phase (also called "insect oil"), a liquid phase rich in proteins and containing mainly water, and a solid phase rich in proteins;
- une étape de séchage de la phase solide ; - a step of drying the solid phase;
- une étape de refroidissement du produit séché ainsi obtenu, suivie d’un broyage fin pour obtenir une farine d’insecte. - a step of cooling the dried product thus obtained, followed by fine grinding to obtain insect flour.
L’étape de séparation physique peut être réalisée par centrifugation. On peut également réaliser cette séparation physique par tout autre procédé de séparation adapté, notamment par filtration ou décantation. L’étape de séparation physique permet de séparer les différents flux de nutriments contenus dans les larves. Lorsqu’on procède par centrifugation, cette séparation des flux de nutriments est obtenue à l’aide de la force centrifuge qui permet la séparation des nutriments grâce la différence de densité des différents constituants des larves. The physical separation step can be carried out by centrifugation. This physical separation can also be carried out by any other suitable separation process, in particular by filtration or decantation. The physical separation stage makes it possible to separate the different nutrient flows contained in the larvae. When we proceed by centrifugation, this separation of nutrient flows is obtained using centrifugal force which allows the separation of nutrients thanks to the difference in density of the different constituents of the larvae.
A l’issue de l’étape de séparation physique, on extrait la phase lipidique en vue de son exploitation ultérieure. At the end of the physical separation stage, the lipid phase is extracted for its subsequent exploitation.
Le séchage de la phase solide augmente le pourcentage massique en éléments nutritifs dans le produit sec et améliore la stabilité du produit lors des phases de stockage et transport. Ce séchage peut par exemple être réalisé entre 40°C et 100°C, et de préférence entre 60°C et 90°C. De manière avantageuse, tout ou une fraction de la phase liquide riche en protéine peut être envoyée vers l’étape de séchage avec la phase solide. Le produit sec obtenu à l’issue du séchage est alors refroidi, puis broyé pour obtenir un produit final appelé farine. Le refroidissement peut être par exemple réalisé à l’air libre ou à l’aide d’eau froide (c’est-à-dire en dessous de 20°C). Drying the solid phase increases the mass percentage of nutrients in the dry product and improves the stability of the product during storage and transport phases. This drying can for example be carried out between 40°C and 100°C, and preferably between 60°C and 90°C. Advantageously, all or a fraction of the protein-rich liquid phase can be sent to the drying step with the solid phase. The dry product obtained at the end of drying is then cooled, then crushed to obtain a final product called flour. Cooling can, for example, be carried out in the open air or using cold water (i.e. below 20°C).
Les nutriments présents dans le bac de croissance des larves pendant leur phase d’élevage peuvent conditionner les nutriments présents dans les pupes et par conséquent, dans la farine d’insecte produite. The nutrients present in the growth tank of the larvae during their rearing phase can condition the nutrients present in the pupae and consequently, in the insect meal produced.
Dans un mode de réalisation, les nutriments comprennent des matières végétales telles que des légumes ou matières de compost. In one embodiment, the nutrients include plant materials such as vegetables or compost materials.
Dans un autre exemple, l'élevage des larves se fait sur un mélange de coproduits organiques de l'industrie alimentaire ou agroalimentaire, comprenant principalement des drêches et des levures de brasseries ainsi que des résidus de l'industrie du blé et de celle du riz. In another example, the rearing of larvae is done on a mixture of organic co-products from the food or agri-food industry, mainly comprising spent grains and yeasts from brewers as well as residues from the wheat and rice industries. .
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition est destinée à la nutrition animale telle que l’alimentation bovine ou porcine. Préférentiellement, la composition est destinée à la nutrition pour la pisciculture telle que pour les poissons d’élevage. Préférentiellement, la composition est destinée à l’alimentation des crevettes d’élevages telles que les crevettes Litopenaeus vannamei. In one embodiment, the composition is intended for animal nutrition such as bovine or pig feed. Preferably, the composition is intended for nutrition for fish farming such as for farmed fish. Preferably, the composition is intended for feeding farmed shrimp such as Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp.
La composition objet de l’invention comprend de la farine d’insecte telle que décrite ci-dessus et de l’huile d’insecte. Préférentiellement, l’huile d’insecte est obtenue par l’étape de séparation de la méthode de fabrication de la farine d’insecte, c’est-à-dire à partir de la même pulpe larvaire que celle utilisée pour la fabrication de ladite farine d’insecte. The composition which is the subject of the invention comprises insect flour as described above and insect oil. Preferably, the insect oil is obtained by the separation step of the manufacturing method insect flour, that is to say from the same larval pulp as that used for the manufacture of said insect flour.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend une concentration massique de farine d’insecte inférieure à 10%m (%m pour pourcentage massique), préférentiellement inférieure ou égale à 5%m. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a mass concentration of insect meal less than 10%m (%m for mass percentage), preferably less than or equal to 5%m.
Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, la concentration massique de farine d’insecte dans la composition est comprise entre 1 %m et 5%m, préférentiellement entre 1 ,5%m et 2,5%m. dans le mode préféré, la concentration massique de farine d’insecte dans la composition est d’environ 2%m. In a preferred embodiment, the mass concentration of insect meal in the composition is between 1%m and 5%m, preferably between 1.5%m and 2.5%m. in the preferred mode, the mass concentration of insect meal in the composition is approximately 2% m.
Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, la concentration massique d’huile d’insecte dans la composition est comprise entre 1 %m et 5%m, préférentiellement entre 1 ,5%m et 2,5%m. dans le mode préféré, la concentration massique de farine d’insecte dans la composition est d’environ 2 %m. In a preferred embodiment, the mass concentration of insect oil in the composition is between 1%m and 5%m, preferably between 1.5%m and 2.5%m. in the preferred mode, the mass concentration of insect meal in the composition is approximately 2% m.
Préférentiellement, la composition comprend une concentration massique de farine d'insecte égale ou sensiblement égale à la concentration massique d’huile d’insecte. Le rapport de la concentration farine d’insecte divisé par la concentration d’huile d’insecte est compris entre 0,1 et 9, préférentiellement entre 0,5 et 1 ,5, très préférentiellement entre 0,8 et 1 ,2. Preferably, the composition comprises a mass concentration of insect flour equal to or substantially equal to the mass concentration of insect oil. The ratio of the insect flour concentration divided by the insect oil concentration is between 0.1 and 9, preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, very preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
La composition comprend en outre les autres composés que l’on retrouve généralement dans les compositions d’alimentation animale. L’homme du métier saura aisément formuler une composition pour l’alimentation animale ou plus spécifiquement pour l’alimentation de pisciculture telle que l’alimentation pour les crevettes. The composition also includes other compounds generally found in animal feed compositions. A person skilled in the art will easily be able to formulate a composition for animal feed or more specifically for fish feed such as feed for shrimp.
La composition comprend en outre des sources de protéines autres que celles issues de la farine et de l’huile d’insectes. The composition further includes protein sources other than those from insect flour and oil.
À ce titre, la composition peut comprendre des farines de poisson, des mélanges de farines marines et/ou du foie de thon en poudre ou tout autre mélange issu de ces composés. La composition peut comprendre en outre des protéines animales telles que des farines de volailles. As such, the composition may include fish meals, mixtures of marine flours and/or powdered tuna liver or any other mixture derived from these compounds. The composition may also include animal proteins such as poultry meal.
Préférentiellement, la composition comprend en outre au moins une farine animale autre que la farine d’insecte. Par farine animale, on entend une farine issue d’animal terrestre ou marin telle qu’une farine de poisson, une farine de volaille, de la poudre d’organe animal telle qu’une poudre de foie. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 30%m et 50%m de protéines, plus préférentiellement entre 35%m et 40%m. Preferably, the composition further comprises at least one animal meal other than insect meal. By animal meal, we mean flour derived from land or sea animals such as fish meal, poultry meal, animal organ powder such as liver powder. Preferably, the composition comprises between 30%m and 50%m of proteins, more preferably between 35%m and 40%m.
Préférentiellement, la composition comprend de la farine de poisson comprenant entre 58 %m et 62 %m de protéines (appelée « farine de poisson 60% » dans la suite de la description) et/ou de la farine de poisson comprenant entre 63%m et 67%m de protéines (appelée farine de poisson 65% » dans la suite de la description). Preferably, the composition comprises fish meal comprising between 58% m and 62% m protein (called “60% fish meal” in the remainder of the description) and/or fish meal comprising between 63% m and 67%m protein (called 65% fish meal” in the rest of the description).
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 5%m et 15%m de « farine de poisson 60% », préférentiellement entre 6%m et 13%m. Très préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 9%m et 10%m de « farine de poisson 60% ». In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 5%m and 15%m of “60% fish meal”, preferably between 6%m and 13%m. Very preferably, the composition comprises between 9%m and 10%m of “60% fish meal”.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 0 et 3%m de « farine 65% », préférentiellement entre 0,5%m et 1 ,5%m. In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 0 and 3% m of “65% flour”, preferably between 0.5% m and 1.5% m.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend entre 10 %m et 15%m de mélange de farine marine. Le mélange de farine marine est préférentiellement obtenu à partir d’un mélange de farines d’algues ou de microalgues et/ou à partir d’un mélange de coquillages. In one embodiment, the composition comprises between 10%m and 15%m of marine flour mixture. The marine flour mixture is preferably obtained from a mixture of algae or microalgae flours and/or from a mixture of shellfish.
La composition comprend en outre des matières grasses telles que des huiles. Notamment, la composition comprend de l’huile d’insecte tel que décrit précédemment. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend en outre d’autres sources de matières grasses telles que des huiles de poisson, de l’huile de thon, de la lécithine et/ou du cholestérol. The composition further includes fats such as oils. In particular, the composition includes insect oil as described previously. Preferably, the composition further comprises other sources of fat such as fish oils, tuna oil, lecithin and/or cholesterol.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend du cholestérol entre 0%m et 1 %m, préférentiellement entre 0%m et 0,01 %m. In one embodiment, the composition comprises cholesterol between 0%m and 1%m, preferably between 0%m and 0.01%m.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend de l’huile de poisson telle que de l’huile de thon entre 0,05%m et 1 %m, préférentiellement entre 0,5%m et 0,2%m, très préférentiellement environ 0,1 %. In one embodiment, the composition comprises fish oil such as tuna oil between 0.05%m and 1%m, preferably between 0.5%m and 0.2%m, very preferably approximately 0.1%.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la composition comprend de la lécithine (aussi appelée phosphatidylcholine). In one embodiment, the composition comprises lecithin (also called phosphatidylcholine).
Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 0,5%m et 5%m de lécithine, très préférentiellement entre 1 %m et 2%m de lécithine. Dans un mode alternatif, la lécithine peut être remplacée par un ou plusieurs autres composés de la classe des phosphoglycérides. Preferably, the composition comprises between 0.5%m and 5%m lecithin, very preferably between 1%m and 2%m lecithin. Alternatively, lecithin can be replaced by one or more other compounds from the phosphoglyceride class.
La composition comprend préférentiellement entre 2%m et 15%m de matières grasses. Très préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 5 %m et 10%m de matières grasses ou entre 6,5%m et 8,5%m ou environ 7,8%m de matières grasses. The composition preferably comprises between 2% m and 15% m fat. Very preferably, the composition comprises between 5%m and 10%m fat or between 6.5%m and 8.5%m or approximately 7.8%m fat.
La composition peut comprendre en outre des fibres, notamment des fibres végétales. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 1 %m et 5%m de fibres. Très préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 1 ,5%m et 3%m de fibres ou environ 2%m de fibres. The composition may also comprise fibers, in particular plant fibers. Preferably, the composition comprises between 1%m and 5%m of fibers. Very preferably, the composition comprises between 1.5% m and 3% m of fibers or approximately 2% m of fibers.
La composition peut comprendre en outre des cendres. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 5 %m et 15%m de cendres, très préférentiellement entre 8%m et 11 %m de cendres ou environ 9,6%m de cendres. The composition may additionally include ashes. Preferably, the composition comprises between 5%m and 15%m of ash, very preferably between 8%m and 11%m of ash or approximately 9.6%m of ash.
La composition peut comprendre en outre de l’amidon, notamment entre 10%m et 25%m d’amidon. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 10%m et 20%m d’amidon ou entre 15%m et 19%m d’amidon ou environ 17%m d’amidon. The composition may also include starch, in particular between 10%m and 25%m starch. Preferably, the composition comprises between 10%m and 20%m of starch or between 15%m and 19%m of starch or approximately 17%m of starch.
La composition peut comprendre des farines végétales.The composition may include vegetable flours.
Par exemple, la composition comprend de la farine de soja, préférentiellement entre 20%m et 27%m, très préférentiellement entre 22%m et 25% m. For example, the composition comprises soy flour, preferably between 20% m and 27% m, very preferably between 22% m and 25% m.
La composition peut comprendre du soja fermenté. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 3%m et 7%m, très préférentiellement environ 5%m de soja fermenté. The composition may include fermented soy. Preferably, the composition comprises between 3%m and 7%m, very preferably around 5%m of fermented soya.
La composition peut comprendre de la farine de blé. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 15%m et 30%m de farine de blé, très préférentiellement entre 18%m et 26%m de farine de blé ou environ 23%m de farine de blé. The composition may include wheat flour. Preferably, the composition comprises between 15%m and 30%m of wheat flour, very preferably between 18%m and 26%m of wheat flour or approximately 23%m of wheat flour.
La composition peut comprendre du grain de blé. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 1 %m et 8%m de grain de blé, très préférentiellement entre 3%m et 6%m ou environ 5%m. The composition may include wheat grain. Preferably, the composition comprises between 1%m and 8%m of wheat grain, very preferably between 3%m and 6%m or approximately 5%m.
La composition peut comprendre du son de riz tel que du son de riz complet. The composition may include rice bran such as brown rice bran.
La composition peut comprendre de la lysine, préférentiellement entre 0 et 0,5%m. The composition may include lysine, preferably between 0 and 0.5% m.
La composition peut comprendre de la méthionine, préférentiellement entre 0 et 0,5%m. La composition peut comprendre en outre d’autres prémélanges et additifs. Les additifs peuvent comprendre des conservateurs ou agents antibactériens. Préférentiellement, la composition comprend entre 1 %m et 7%m de tels prémélanges ou additifs, très préférentiellement entre 3%m et 5%m. The composition may include methionine, preferably between 0 and 0.5% m. The composition may additionally include other premixes and additives. Additives may include preservatives or antibacterial agents. Preferably, the composition comprises between 1%m and 7%m of such premixes or additives, very preferably between 3%m and 5%m.
Exemple 1 : Example 1:
Un exemple de composition E selon l’invention est illustré en colonne E du tableau illustré sur la figure 2. La composition comprend environ 2%m de farine d’insecte et comprend également environ 2%m d’huile d’insecte, tous deux obtenus à partir de pupes de mouches « Hermetia lllucens ». An example of composition E according to the invention is illustrated in column E of the table illustrated in Figure 2. The composition comprises approximately 2% m of insect flour and also comprises approximately 2% m of insect oil, both obtained from “Hermetia lllucens” fly pupae.
Exemple 2 : Example 2:
D’autres compositions ont également été réalisées. Ces compositions comprennent respectivement 2%m, 5%m et 10%m de farine d’insecte obtenue à partir de pupes de mouches « Hermetia lllucens », mais ne comprennent pas d’huile d’insecte. À ce titre, les compositions D1 , D2 et D3 ne sont pas comprises dans l’invention. Other compositions were also produced. These compositions respectively comprise 2%m, 5%m and 10%m of insect flour obtained from “Hermetia lllucens” fly pupae, but do not include insect oil. As such, compositions D1, D2 and D3 are not included in the invention.
Une composition de contrôle C a également été réalisée. Cette composition de contrôle ne comprend ni farine d’insecte ni huile d’insecte. A control composition C was also produced. This control composition does not include insect meal or insect oil.
Les compositions D1 , D2, D3 et C sont détaillés dans le tableau illustré sur la figure 1 . The compositions D1, D2, D3 and C are detailed in the table illustrated in Figure 1.
Pour chacune de ces compositions, les proportions des autres ingrédients ont été ajustées de manière à obtenir pour chaque composition E, D1 , D2, D3 et C les mêmes teneurs en protéines et en matières grasses comme illustrées sur la figure 1 et la figure 2. For each of these compositions, the proportions of the other ingredients were adjusted so as to obtain for each composition E, D1, D2, D3 and C the same protein and fat contents as illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Cinq populations de crevettes de type Penaeus vannamei (aussi appelée « Litopenaeus Vannamei asiatique ») ont été constitués afin de tester l’efficacité des différentes compositions E, D1 , D2, D3 et C. Chaque population a été élevée depuis le stade juvénile pendant 45 jours en étant alimenté avec un régime alimentaire comprenant, chacun, une des compositions E, D1 , D2, D3 et C différente. Chaque population comprend quatre réservoirs comprenant chacun quatre-vingts crevettes (soit trois cent vingt crevettes par population). Les crevettes utilisées sont au stade « PL12 » au début de l’expérience, c’est- à-dire des crevettes ayant subie leur métamorphose 12 jours auparavant. Les crevettes issues de chaque population ont ensuite été pesées au bout de 30 jours puis au bout de 45 jours. Five populations of Penaeus vannamei type shrimp (also called “Asian Litopenaeus Vannamei”) were formed in order to test the effectiveness of the different compositions E, D1, D2, D3 and C. Each population was raised from the juvenile stage for 45 days by being fed with a diet each comprising one of the different compositions E, D1, D2, D3 and C. Each population includes four tanks each containing eighty shrimp (i.e. three hundred and twenty shrimp per population). The shrimp used are at the “PL12” stage at the start of the experiment, that is to say shrimp having undergone their metamorphosis 12 days previously. The shrimp from each population were then weighed after 30 days and then after 45 days.
Les différentes prises de masses des crevettes après 30 jours et après 45 jours sont représentées sous la forme d’un graphique illustré sur la figure 3. The different mass gains of the shrimp after 30 days and after 45 days are represented in the form of a graph illustrated in Figure 3.
Le graphique illustré sur la figure 3 représente la masse des crevettes en grammes en fonction de leur régime alimentaire. Les barres sombres représentent la moyenne de la masse (en grammes) des crevettes d’une population au bout de 45 jours. Les barres sombres représentent la moyenne (en grammes) de la masse de crevettes d’une population de crevettes au bout de 30 jours. Les écarts types pour chaque population sont représentés sous la forme de barres d’erreur sur le graphique. The graph shown in Figure 3 represents the mass of shrimp in grams as a function of their diet. The dark bars represent the average mass (in grams) of shrimp from a population after 45 days. Dark bars represent the average (in grams) shrimp mass of a shrimp population after 30 days. The standard deviations for each population are represented as error bars on the graph.
On observe que la masse des crevettes au bout de 45 jours alimentés par la composition de contrôle et la composition D1 comprenant 2 %m de farine d’insecte, mais pas d’huile d’insecte sont significativement inférieures à la masse des crevettes alimentées par les compositions D2, D3 et E, c’est-à-dire les compositions comprenant respectivement 5 %m de farine d’insecte, 10 %m de farine d’insecte, et 2%m de farine d’insecte + 2 %m d’huile d’insecte. It is observed that the mass of the shrimp after 45 days fed by the control composition and the composition D1 comprising 2% m of insect flour, but no insect oil are significantly lower than the mass of the shrimp fed by compositions D2, D3 and E, that is to say compositions comprising respectively 5% m of insect flour, 10% m of insect flour, and 2% m of insect flour + 2% m insect oil.
Dans un premier temps, on observe que la présence de farine d’insecte dans l’alimentation des crevettes permet de favoriser son développement lorsque sa concentration atteint les 5%m (D2 et D3 sont supérieurs à C) et qu’une concentration de 2%m de farine d’insecte n’a au contraire pas d’effet significatif (D1 et C sont statistiquement égaux). Initially, we observe that the presence of insect meal in the shrimp's diet helps promote its development when its concentration reaches 5% m (D2 and D3 are greater than C) and a concentration of 2 %m of insect meal, on the contrary, has no significant effect (D1 and C are statistically equal).
Dans un second temps, on observe de manière surprenante que la composition E comprenant 2%m de farine d’insecte et 2%m atteint des résultats statistiquement similaires à ceux obtenus à partir des compositions D3 et D2. Secondly, we surprisingly observe that composition E comprising 2%m of insect flour and 2%m achieves results statistically similar to those obtained from compositions D3 and D2.
La composition selon l’invention permet donc avantageusement d’améliorer la croissance des crevettes tout en limitant la concentration de farine d’insecte. Un effet de synergie inattendu est ainsi observé entre la farine d’insecte et l’huile d’insecte pour l’alimentation animale. The composition according to the invention therefore advantageously makes it possible to improve the growth of shrimp while limiting the concentration of insect meal. An unexpected synergy effect is thus observed between insect meal and insect oil for animal feed.
La figure 4 illustre l’indice de consommation (aussi appelé « feed conversion ratio » en anglais) de chaque alimentation sur les populations précitées. L'indice de consommation (IC) est le rapport entre une quantité d'énergie digestible consommée et une quantité de production exprimée en kilogrammes (kg). L'indice de consommation est fonction de la composition de l'aliment et il varie donc selon les aliments utilisés. Plus l'aliment est grossier, moindre est sa densité énergétique, plus l'IC est élevé. L’indice de consommation permet ainsi de mesurer l’efficacité d’un aliment sur la croissance pondérale de l’animal. Figure 4 illustrates the consumption index (also called “feed conversion ratio” in English) of each food supply on the aforementioned populations. The consumption index (CI) is the ratio between a quantity of digestible energy consumed and a quantity of production expressed in kilograms (kg). The consumption index depends on the composition of the food and therefore varies depending on the food used. The coarser the food, the lower its energy density, the higher the IC. The consumption index thus makes it possible to measure the effectiveness of a food on the weight growth of the animal.
On observe ainsi que la présence d’huile d’insecte dans la composition E permet avantageusement de parvenir à un indicateur de consommation supérieure à celui obtenu pour D1 et similaire à celui obtenu pour les compositions D2 et D3 qui comprennent plus de farine d’insecte que la composition E. It is thus observed that the presence of insect oil in composition E advantageously makes it possible to achieve a consumption indicator higher than that obtained for D1 and similar to that obtained for compositions D2 and D3 which include more insect flour. that composition E.
Les résultats du calcul du ratio d’efficacité protéique (« protein efficiency ratio » en anglais) pour chaque population sont représentés sur le graphique illustré sur la figure 5. Ce ratio est calculé en divisant le gain en poids d’un animal par la quantité de protéines consommées. Ce ratio permet généralement d’évaluer la qualité de la protéine ingérée par l’animal. The results of the calculation of the protein efficiency ratio for each population are represented on the graph illustrated in Figure 5. This ratio is calculated by dividing the weight gain of an animal by the quantity of proteins consumed. This ratio generally makes it possible to assess the quality of the protein ingested by the animal.
Une fois encore, on observe de manière surprenante que la présence d’huile d’insecte permet d’améliorer la qualité de la protéine ingérée par l’animale par rapport à la composition de contrôle C et par rapport à la composition D1 comprenant la même concentration en farine d’insecte, mais pas d’huile d’insecte. Once again, we observe in a surprising manner that the presence of insect oil makes it possible to improve the quality of the protein ingested by the animal compared to the control composition C and compared to the composition D1 comprising the same concentration of insect meal, but not insect oil.
Exemple 3 : Example 3:
Les compositions C, D1 , D2, D3 et E ont été reprises pour cette expérience. Compositions C, D1, D2, D3 and E were used for this experiment.
Cinq populations de crevettes de type Penaeus vannamei (aussi appelée « Litopenaeus Vannamei asiatique ») ont été constituées afin de tester l’efficacité des différentes compositions E, D1 , D2, D3 et C. Five populations of Penaeus vannamei type shrimp (also called “Asian Litopenaeus Vannamei”) were established in order to test the effectiveness of the different compositions E, D1, D2, D3 and C.
Les cinq populations de crevettes ont été alimentées avec une des compositions C, D1 , D2, D3 et E différente. Chaque population comprend une pluralité de crevettes juvéniles (pesant entre 1 ,5g et 2g) et a été alimentée pendant 7 jours. Chacune des 5 populations de crevettes a été exposée avec un virus « Vibrio Parahaemolyticus » pour observer la résistance des crevettes audit virus. Une 6ème population (NC) dite de « contrôle négatif » a été alimentée avec la composition de contrôle sans être exposée avec le virus pour comparer la mortalité des crevettes de la population sans virus. The five shrimp populations were fed with one of the different compositions C, D1, D2, D3 and E. Each population includes a plurality of juvenile shrimp (weighing between 1.5g and 2g) and was fed for 7 days. Each of the 5 populations of shrimp was exposed with a “Vibrio Parahaemolyticus” virus to observe the resistance of the shrimp to said virus. A 6th population (NC) called “negative control” was fed with the control composition without being exposed to the virus to compare the mortality of shrimp from the virus-free population.
Le taux de survie au bout de 7 jours d’exposition en pourcentage des crevettes pour chaque population est représenté dans le graphique illustré sur la figure 6. The survival rate after 7 days of exposure as a percentage of shrimp for each population is represented in the graph shown in Figure 6.
On peut observer que pour la population NC qui n’a pas été exposée au virus, le taux de survie des crevettes est de 100% au bout de 7 jours. It can be observed that for the NC population which was not exposed to the virus, the shrimp survival rate is 100% after 7 days.
La population alimentée avec la composition de contrôle C présente quant à elle un taux de survie significativement inférieur aux populations alimentées avec de la farine d’insecte D1 , D2, D3 et E. La présence de farine d’insecte améliore avantageusement la réponse immunitaire des crevettes exposées au virus « Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ». The population fed with the control composition C has a significantly lower survival rate than the populations fed with insect meal D1, D2, D3 and E. The presence of insect meal advantageously improves the immune response of the shrimp exposed to the “Vibrio Parahaemolyticus” virus.
La présence de farine d’insecte dans une composition améliore avantageusement la réponse immunitaire animale face aux virus. The presence of insect meal in a composition advantageously improves the animal immune response to viruses.
Exemple 4 : Example 4:
Une nouvelle expérience similaire à celle décrite dans l’exemple 2 a été également menée. Comme pour l’exemple 2, cinq groupes de population de crevettes de type Penaeus vannamei ont été alimentés avec une des compositions C, D1 , D2, D3 et E. A new experiment similar to that described in Example 2 was also carried out. As for Example 2, five population groups of Penaeus vannamei type shrimp were fed with one of the compositions C, D1, D2, D3 and E.
Pour chaque population, la digestibilité apparente des protéines et des lipides a été calculée pour chaque population pour 14 jours de régime alimentaire. For each population, apparent protein and lipid digestibility was calculated for each population for 14 days of diet.
La digestibilité est un critère qui définit le degré auquel une matière est digérée par un animal. Digestibility is a criterion that defines the degree to which a material is digested by an animal.
La digestibilité apparente est une notion bien connue de l’homme du métier qui peut être obtenue en divisant la différence entre la quantité d’aliments ingérés et la quantité d’aliments présents dans les excréments par la quantité d’aliments ingérés. Apparent digestibility is a concept well known to those skilled in the art which can be obtained by dividing the difference between the quantity of food ingested and the quantity of food present in the excrement by the quantity of food ingested.
Dans la présente expérience, la quantité de protéines ingérées et la quantité de protéines et de lipides présents dans les excréments des crevettes de chacune des crevettes ont été mesurés pour calculer la digestibilité apparente en protéines et en lipides. Les résultats obtenus (en pourcentage) sont représentés dans le tableau illustré sur la figure 7. In the present experiment, the amount of protein ingested and the amount of protein and lipid present in the shrimp feces of each shrimp were measured to calculate the apparent protein and lipid digestibility. The results obtained (in percentage) are represented in the table illustrated in Figure 7.
On observe que le régime alimentaire avec les compositions D1 , D2 et D3 comprenant la farine d’insecte permet d’augmenter avantageusement la digestibilité des protéines par rapport à un régime alimentaire avec la composition de contrôle C ne comprenant pas de farine d’insecte. L’augmentation de la concentration de farine d’insecte semble également permettre d’augmenter la digestibilité (D3 supérieure à D1 et D2). It is observed that the diet with compositions D1, D2 and D3 including insect meal makes it possible to advantageously increase the digestibility of proteins compared to a diet with control composition C not including insect meal. Increasing the concentration of insect meal also seems to increase digestibility (D3 greater than D1 and D2).
On observe également de manière surprenante que le régime alimentaire avec la composition E comprenant de la farine d’insecte et de l’huile d’insecte permet d’augmenter de manière supérieure la digestibilité des protéines (88,49 % pour la composition E contre 81 ,97% pour la composition D1 et 82,07 % pour la composition D3). It is also surprisingly observed that the diet with composition E comprising insect flour and insect oil makes it possible to increase the digestibility of proteins to a greater extent (88.49% for composition E against 81.97% for composition D1 and 82.07% for composition D3).
Il existe ainsi un effet de synergie entre la farine d’insecte et l’huile d’insecte dans l’alimentation animale permettant d’augmenter significativement la digestibilité. There is thus a synergistic effect between insect meal and insect oil in animal feed, making it possible to significantly increase digestibility.
La digestibilité apparente d’autres nutriments y compris le pourcentage de digestibilité de la matière sèche, le pourcentage de digestibilité de matière organique, le pourcentage de digestibilité des lipides, le pourcentage de digestibilité d’extraits sans azote ont également été mesurés (voir tableau figure 7). Il apparaît que pour tous ces nutriments, les crevettes alimentées avec la composition E présentaient la meilleure digestibilité apparente par rapport à celle des crevettes alimentées avec chacune des compositions C, D1 , D2, D3. Apparent digestibility of other nutrients including percent digestibility of dry matter, percent digestibility of organic matter, percent digestibility of lipids, percent digestibility of nitrogen-free extracts were also measured (see table figure 7). It appears that for all these nutrients, the shrimp fed with composition E had the best apparent digestibility compared to that of the shrimp fed with each of the compositions C, D1, D2, D3.
La digestibilité apparente de tous les nutriments précités a été mesurée et calculée en suivant la méthode établie par National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on teh Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp, 2011. The apparent digestibility of all the above nutrients was measured and calculated following the method established by National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on the Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp, 2011.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Composition pour nutrition animale comprenant une farine d’insecte et une huile d’insecte caractérisée en ce que ladite composition comprend entre 1 %m et 10%m en masse de farine d’insecte et entre 1 %m et 10 %m d’huile d’insecte. 1. Composition for animal nutrition comprising an insect meal and an insect oil characterized in that said composition comprises between 1%m and 10%m by mass of insect meal and between 1%m and 10%m of oil of insect.
2. Composition selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend au moins une farine animale autre que la farine d’insecte telle qu’une farine de poisson ou une farine de volaille. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one animal meal other than insect meal such as fish meal or poultry meal.
3. Composition selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, comprenant entre 1 %m et 5%m de farine d’insecte, préférentiellement entre 1 %m et 3%m ou entre 1 ,5%m et 2,5%m. 3. Composition according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising between 1%m and 5%m of insect flour, preferably between 1%m and 3%m or between 1.5%m and 2.5%m .
4. Composition selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3 comprenant entre 1 %m et 5%m d’huile d’insecte, préférentiellement entre 1 %m et 3%m ou entre 1 ,5%m et 2,5%m. 4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3 comprising between 1%m and 5%m of insect oil, preferably between 1%m and 3%m or between 1.5%m and 2.5%m .
5. Composition selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4 dans lequel le ratio de la concentration massique de farine d’insecte sur la concentration massique d’huile d’insecte est compris entre 0,5 et 1 ,5, préférentiellement entre 0,8 et 1 ,2. 5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4 in which the ratio of the mass concentration of insect flour to the mass concentration of insect oil is between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0. 8 and 1,2.
6. Composition selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5 dans lequel la farine d’insecte et/ou l’huile d’insecte sont obtenues à partir de larves ou de pupes d’insecte volant. 6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5 in which the insect flour and/or insect oil are obtained from flying insect larvae or pupae.
7. Composition selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la farine d’insecte et/ou l’huile d’insecte sont obtenues à partir de larves ou de pupes de diptère tel que le diptère Hermetia lllucens. 7. Composition according to claim 6, in which the insect flour and/or insect oil are obtained from larvae or pupae of dipterans such as the dipteran Hermetia lllucens.
8. Composition selon l’une des revendications précédentes, comprenant : 8. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:
■ entre 30%m et 50%m de protéine, ■ between 30%m and 50%m protein,
■ entre 2%m et 15%m de matières grasses, et ■ between 2%m and 15%m fat, and
■ optionnellement entre 1 %m et 5 %m de fibres, ■ optionally between 1%m and 5%m of fibers,
■ optionnellement entre 5%m et 15%m de cendres, et ■ optionally between 5%m and 15%m of ashes, and
■ optionnellement entre 10%m et 25%m d’amidon. ■ optionally between 10%m and 25%m starch.
9. Méthode de fabrication d’une composition pour nutrition animale selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 comprenant les étapes suivantes : 9. Method for manufacturing a composition for animal nutrition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprising the following steps:
■ l’élevage de larves dans un bac de nutriments, ■ l’utilisation desdites larves ou des pupes issues de telles larves pour la production de farine et d’huile d’insecte, ■ the rearing of larvae in a nutrient tank, ■ the use of said larvae or pupae resulting from such larvae for the production of insect flour and oil,
■ la fabrication, à partir de ladite farine et ladite huile d’insecte, d’une composition selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8. ■ the manufacture, from said flour and said insect oil, of a composition according to one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Méthode comprenant l’élevage d’animaux, notamment l’élevage de poissons, d’animaux d’eau ou de crevettes alimentés à partir d’un régime alimentaire comprenant la composition selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8 ou une composition issue de la méthode selon la revendication 9. 10. Method comprising the breeding of animals, in particular the breeding of fish, water animals or shrimp fed from a diet comprising the composition according to one of claims 1 to 8 or a composition resulting from the method according to claim 9.
PCT/EP2023/076376 2022-09-26 2023-09-25 Composition for animal feed and associated production method WO2024068532A1 (en)

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