WO2024066919A1 - Method for differentiating stem cell into caudal serotonergic neuron, complete culture medium, and use thereof - Google Patents

Method for differentiating stem cell into caudal serotonergic neuron, complete culture medium, and use thereof Download PDF

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WO2024066919A1
WO2024066919A1 PCT/CN2023/116500 CN2023116500W WO2024066919A1 WO 2024066919 A1 WO2024066919 A1 WO 2024066919A1 CN 2023116500 W CN2023116500 W CN 2023116500W WO 2024066919 A1 WO2024066919 A1 WO 2024066919A1
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culture medium
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陆建峰
曹立宁
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同济大学
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of biomedicine, and in particular to a method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, a complete culture medium and application thereof.
  • Serotonin neurons are distributed in the raphe nuclei of the hindbrain. They synthesize and secrete serotonin neurotransmitters, regulating human respiratory rhythm, sleep patterns, and emotions (Deneris, E.S. and S.C. Wyler, Serotonergic transcriptional networks and potential importance to mental health [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2012. 15(4): p. 519-27.). Studies on embryonic development of rodents show that serotonin neurons originate from the most ventral part of the hindbrain and are distributed along the hindbrain. They are separated into two clusters by r4, r1 to r3 as the rostral cluster and r5 to r8 as the caudal cluster.
  • serotonin neurons in the rostral cluster are distributed in the dorsal raphe nuclei and the median raphe nuclei.
  • Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei originate from r1 and project to the cortex, olfactory bulb, and paraventricular thalamic nucleus.
  • Serotonin neurons in the median raphe nucleus mainly originate from r2 and r3 and project to the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
  • the serotonin neurons in the caudal cluster project downward to the brainstem and spinal cord, and have functions such as temperature regulation and respiratory regulation (Deneris, E. and P. Gaspar, Serotonin neuron development: shaping molecular and structural identities [J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol, 2018. 7). Sudden infant death syndrome is associated with abnormalities in the caudal serotonin system of the hindbrain (Kinney, H.C., et al., The brainstem and serotonin in the sudden infant death syndrome [J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2009. 4: p. 517-50.). However, there is a lack of corresponding cell models for studying pathological mechanisms, and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate in multiple directions, and in vitro induced differentiation can obtain specific neuronal types.
  • Lu et al. precisely regulated the WNT, SHH and FGF4 signaling pathways and for the first time directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into highly pure serotonin neurons in the rostral r2-r3 region of the hindbrain in vitro (Lu, J., et al., Generation of serotonin neurons from human pluripotent stem cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2016. 34(1): p. 89-94.).
  • Valiulahi et al. obtained serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain by adding high concentrations of RA and purmorphamine in the early stages of differentiation.
  • this method added high concentrations of purmorphamine in the early stages of differentiation, resulting in the presence of a large number of floor plate cells in the final differentiation system, affecting the purity of serotonin neurons (Valiulahi P, Vidyawan V, Puspita L, et al. Generation of caudal-type serotonin neurons and hindbrain-fate organoids from hPSCs[J]. Stem Cell Reports, 2021.).
  • the present invention aims to establish a method for directing differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into high-purity hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons, and to provide a reliable cell model for the study of the mechanism and phenotype of nervous system-related diseases and drug screening.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising the following steps:
  • E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells.
  • the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
  • the first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
  • the second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
  • the third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
  • the fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
  • SB431542 is a small molecule inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK);
  • DMH1 is a small molecule inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP);
  • CHIR99021 is a small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3);
  • purmorphamine is a small molecule agonist of the Smo receptor
  • RA refers to all-trans retinoic acid
  • FGF4 refers to fibroblast growth factor 4.
  • the neural induction medium includes DMEM/F12 medium, Neurobasal medium, 1 ⁇ N2, 1 ⁇ B27, 1 ⁇ NEAA, and 1 ⁇ GlutaMax.
  • the neuronal differentiation medium includes Neurobasal medium, 1 ⁇ N2, 1 ⁇ B27, 1 ⁇ NEAA, vitamin C, DAPT, GDNF, BDNF, TGF ⁇ 3, and IGF1.
  • the volume ratio of DMEM/F12 medium to Neurobasal medium is 1:1.
  • the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of purmophamine to RA in the second culture medium is: (0.4-1): (0.1-1).
  • the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of purmophamine to RA in the third culture medium is: (1-2): (0.1-1).
  • the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021 is 2:2:(1-3).
  • the second culture medium comprises: SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA in a molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.4-1):(0.1-1).
  • the third culture medium comprises: the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA is 2:2:(1-3):(1-2):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
  • the fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, and RA in a molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a set of culture medium for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising a first culture medium, a second culture medium, a third culture medium and a fourth culture medium.
  • the first culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021;
  • the second culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
  • the third culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
  • the fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
  • the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the second culture medium is: (0.4-1): (0.1-1).
  • the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the third culture medium is: (1-2): (0.1-1).
  • the neural induction medium includes DMEM/F12 medium, Neurobasal medium, 1 ⁇ N2, 1 ⁇ B27, 1 ⁇ NEAA, and 1 ⁇ GlutaMax.
  • the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021 is 2:2:(1-3).
  • the second culture medium comprises: SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA in a molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.4-1):(0.1-1).
  • the third culture medium comprises: the molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA is 2:2:(1-3):(1-2):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
  • the fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, and RA in a molar concentration ( ⁇ M) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the caudal serotonin neurons prepared by the method provided by the present invention in a cell model for in vitro mechanism research on diseases related to the caudal serotonin system of the hindbrain and drug screening.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells.
  • the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
  • the first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
  • the second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
  • the third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
  • the fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
  • the beneficial effects and significant progress of the present invention are as follows: the method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, the complete culture medium and the application provided by the present invention are simple and efficient, and a large number of high-purity serotonin neurons in specific regions with mature functions can be obtained, providing an effective cell model for the study of related disease mechanisms and drug evaluation and screening.
  • FIG1 shows the cell morphology of the human embryonic stem cell line H9 in an undifferentiated state in Example 1 of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a flow chart of the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons according to Example 2 of the present invention
  • FIG3 is a morphological diagram of the serotonin neurons at different stages of differentiation in the caudal hindbrain of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a cell immunofluorescence image of markers of early differentiation of serotonin neurons in the caudal part of the hindbrain according to Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a cell immunofluorescence image of late differentiation markers of caudal hindbrain neurons in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a cell immunofluorescence image of serotonin neuron markers in the caudal part of the hindbrain according to Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG7 is a sodium-potassium current of the serotonin neurons in the caudal part of the hindbrain under voltage stimulation according to Example 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG8 shows the action potential and spontaneous action potential induced by the serotonin neurons in the caudal part of the hindbrain under current stimulation according to Example 4 of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the level of serotonin neurotransmitter secreted by serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising the following steps:
  • E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells.
  • the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
  • the first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
  • the second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
  • the third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
  • the fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
  • SB431542 is a small molecule inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK);
  • DMH1 is a small molecule inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP);
  • CHIR99021 is a small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3);
  • purmorphamine is a small molecule agonist of the Smo receptor
  • RA refers to all-trans retinoic acid
  • FGF4 refers to fibroblast growth factor 4.
  • differentiation refers to the process by which cells from the same source gradually produce cell groups with different morphological structures and functional characteristics. The result is that cells differ in space and the same cell is different from its previous state in time. The essence of cell differentiation is the selective expression of the genome in time and space, and the turning on or off of different gene expressions ultimately produces signature proteins.
  • culture medium refers to artificially prepared nutrients used for the growth and maintenance of microorganisms, plant tissues and animal tissues, which generally contain carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing substances, inorganic salts (including trace elements), vitamins and water.
  • Human embryonic stem cell line H9 (WA09, WiCell) was cultured using E8 medium (TeSRTM-E8TM, Stem Cell technology, Catalog No. 05990). The cells were adhered to six-well plates coated with Matrigel (Corning, Catalog No. 354277). The cells were replaced with fresh medium every day. After 4-6 days of culture, the cells were passaged when the cell confluence reached about 80%.
  • Matrigel coated well plate Dilute Matrigel to 4°C pre-cooled high-glucose DMEM (Gibco, Cat. No. 11995065) according to the dilution ratio in the instruction manual, add to the well plate, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, and aspirate before subculturing;
  • the cells were subcultured at a ratio of 1:3 and inoculated into six-well plates pre-coated with matrix gel.
  • the cells were cultured using E8.
  • the cell medium was changed every day and the cell status was observed.
  • the cell morphology is shown in Figure 1.
  • Example 2 Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain
  • FIG2 The steps of directing differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain are shown in FIG2 .
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • Example 1 When the degree of fusion of the embryonic stem cells in Example 1 reaches about 80%, replace it with a neural induction medium (first medium) containing compound component 1, culture it for 6-8 days, and use TrypLE digestive enzyme for digestion and passage.
  • first medium a neural induction medium
  • the basic culture medium of the neural induction medium contains DMEM/F12 (Gibco, catalog number 11330-032): Neurobasal medium (Gibco, catalog number 21103049) (volume ratio is 1:1), 1 ⁇ N2 (Gibco, catalog number 17502048), 1 ⁇ B27 (Gibco, catalog number 12587010), 1 ⁇ NEAA (Gibco, catalog number 11140050), 1 ⁇ GlutaMax (Gibco, catalog number 35050061).
  • Compound component 1 contains: 2 ⁇ M SB431542, 2 ⁇ M DMH1, 1.8 ⁇ M CHIR99021 (small molecule compounds are all purchased from Taoshu Biological).
  • Matrigel coated well plate Dilute Matrigel to 4°C pre-cooled high-glucose DMEM according to the dilution ratio in the instructions, add to the well plate, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, and aspirate before subculturing;
  • step 1) After obtaining the hindbrain neuroepithelial cells, i.e., on the second day of passaging in step 1), replace the culture medium with the neural induction medium (second culture medium) containing compound component 2, culture for 6-8 days, and use TrypLE digestive enzyme for digestion and passaging.
  • the neural induction medium second culture medium
  • the basic culture medium of the neural induction medium contains DMEM/F12:Neurobasal medium (volume ratio is 1:1), 1 ⁇ N2, 1 ⁇ B27, 1 ⁇ NEAA, 1 ⁇ GlutaMax.
  • Compound component 2 contains: 2 ⁇ M SB431542, 2 ⁇ M DMH1, 1.8 ⁇ M CHIR990210, 0.5 ⁇ M purmorphamine, 100 nM RA.
  • Matrigel coated well plate Dilute Matrigel to 4°C pre-cooled high-glucose DMEM according to the dilution ratio in the instructions, add to the well plate, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, and aspirate before subculturing;
  • step 2 After obtaining the neuroepithelial cells from the caudal ventral side of the hindbrain, i.e., on the second day of passaging in step 2), replace the culture medium with the neural induction medium containing compound component 3 (the third culture medium), culture for 6-8 days, and use TrypLE digestive enzyme for digestion and passaging.
  • the neural induction medium containing compound component 3 the third culture medium
  • the basal culture medium of the neural induction medium contains DMEM/F12:Neurobasal medium (volume ratio is 1:1), 1 ⁇ N2, 1 ⁇ B27, 1 ⁇ NEAA, and 1 ⁇ GlutaMax.
  • Compound component 3 contains: 2 ⁇ M SB431542, 2 ⁇ M DMH1, 1.8 ⁇ M CHIR990210, 2 ⁇ M purmorphamine, 100 nM RA, 10 ng/ml FGF4 (PeproTech, cat. no. 100-31).
  • PO-Laminin coated slides dilute polyornithine (PO, SIGMA) 200 times with sterile water, add 50 ⁇ L to each slide with a diameter of 12 mm, coat at room temperature overnight, remove PO the next day, wash twice with sterile water, dry, add laminin (Thermo fisher, product number 23017015) diluted 50 times with DMEM/F12, coat at 37°C for 3 hours, and remove before subculturing;
  • PO dilute polyornithine
  • Step 3 Differentiation and maturation of serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain: Step 3 3) On the second day of subculturing, replace the medium with the neural induction medium containing compound component 4 (fourth medium), culture for 3-4 days, and then replace it with the neuronal differentiation medium and culture for 2-4 weeks.
  • the components of the neuronal differentiation medium include: Neurobasal medium, 1 ⁇ N2, 1 ⁇ B27, 1 ⁇ NEAA, 0.2 mM vitamin C (sigma-Ardrich, product number A4403), 2.5 ⁇ M DAPT (Taoshu Biological, product number T6202), 10 ng/ml GDNF (PeproTech, product number 450-10), 10 ng/ml BDNF (PeproTech, product number 450-02), 1 ng/ml TGF ⁇ 3 (PeproTech, product number 100-36E), and 10 ng/ml IGF1 (PeproTech, product number 100-11).
  • Compound 4 includes: 2 ⁇ M SB431542, 2 ⁇ M DMH1, 1-3 ⁇ M CHIR99021, 0.1-1 ⁇ M RA, 10 ng/ml FGF4.
  • FIG3 The morphological diagrams of the serotonin neurons at different stages of differentiation in the caudal hindbrain of this example are shown in FIG3 .
  • Example 3 Cell immunofluorescence assay to identify marker protein expression at each stage of differentiation
  • step 3 Take the slides from the second day of digestion and subculture in step 3 of the induction process of Example 2 and the cell slides from 3 days and 2-3 weeks of culture in step 4 for cell immunofluorescence identification.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • DPBS containing 10% (v/v) donkey serum and 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100, incubate at room temperature for half an hour;
  • Figure 4 shows the markers HOXB4, OLIG2, and NKX2.2 of the caudal hindbrain neuron precursor cells on the 21st day of differentiation, of which HOXB4 is a marker of the caudal hindbrain, NKX2.2 is a marker of the ventral hindbrain neural precursor cells, and OLIG2 is a marker of motor neurons.
  • Figure 5 shows the detection of markers of the caudal hindbrain serotonin neuron precursor cells on the 24th day of differentiation, of which HOXB4 is positive, NKX2.2 is positive, and OLIG2 is negative.
  • Figure 6 shows the markers 5-HT and Tuj1 at the 3rd week of culture in the neuronal differentiation stage, indicating that mature caudal hindbrain serotonin neurons were obtained.
  • Example 4 Whole-cell patch clamp experiment to detect the electrophysiological function of serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain derived from human embryonic stem cells
  • the electrode After the electrode is drawn, it is filled with electrode liquid, and the resistance is 6-8 M ⁇ . Before the electrode enters the liquid surface, a weak positive pressure is applied inside it through the catheter connected to the electrode holder. When the tip begins to contact the cell to form a seal, the catheter is immediately opened and a constant negative pressure is applied through the catheter. After the seal impedance reaches the G ⁇ level, the membrane potential is maintained at -60 mV, and then the adherent cells are lifted to the bottom of the drug addition tube of the rapid drug delivery perfusion system for the next experiment.
  • the experiment was controlled at room temperature 23-25°C, the filter frequency was 1 kHz, and the clamping voltage command and current recording were controlled by clampex10.3 (Molecular devices) software through the DigiData-1440A conversion interface.
  • the clamping current was 0pA, -40 ⁇ 100pA was injected, and action potentials were emitted under 10pA step stimulation, as shown in Figure 8, indicating that the differentiated serotonergic neurons have mature electrophysiological characteristics.
  • Example 5 ELISA to detect neurotransmitter secretion function of serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain derived from human embryonic stem cells
  • the cell culture medium of the fifth week of serotonin neuron differentiation and the overnight incubation of non-serotonin neurons were collected, and the serotonin content in the collected culture medium was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (IBL, RE59141).
  • IBL enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit
  • NKX2.2 a marker of ventral neural progenitor cells
  • FOXA2 a marker of basal plate cells
  • step 3 of Example 2 purmophamine, RA and FGF4 were added on the 14th day of differentiation to further promote the differentiation of serotonin precursors. We tried 0.5/2 ⁇ M purmophamine to induce differentiation for one week.
  • NKX2.2 a marker of ventral neural progenitor cells
  • FOXA2 a marker of basal plate cells
  • NKX2.2 a marker of ventral neural precursor cells
  • step 3 of Example 2 The precursor cells in step 3 of Example 2 were digested and inoculated onto a glass slide, and the neuronal differentiation medium was directly replaced the next day.
  • the method, culture medium and application of stem cell differentiation of caudal serotonin neurons provided by the present invention are simple, efficient and can obtain a large number of high-purity serotonin neurons in a specific region with mature functions, thus providing an effective cell model for the study of related disease mechanisms and drug evaluation and screening.

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Abstract

Disclosed herein are a method for differentiating a stem cell into a caudal serotonergic neuron, a complete culture medium, and use thereof. Specifically, a small molecule compound is added to form a new culture medium, so that human pluripotent stem cells are gradually induced to obtain hindbrain neural stem cells, ventral hindbrain caudal neural stem cells, serotonin precursor cells, and hindbrain caudal serotonergic neurons. The culture method of the present invention is simple and convenient and enables efficient acquisition of a mature serotonin neuron in a specific area, providing an effective cell model for research on related diseases of the serotonin system.

Description

干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法、成套培养基及应用Method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, complete culture medium and application thereof 技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及生物医药领域，具体是干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法、成套培养基及应用。The invention relates to the field of biomedicine, and in particular to a method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, a complete culture medium and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
血清素神经元分布在后脑缝核中，能够合成并分泌血清素神经递质，调控人体呼吸节律、睡眠模式以及情绪等（Deneris, E.S. and S.C. Wyler, Serotonergic transcriptional networks and potential importance to mental health [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2012. 15(4): p. 519-27.）。啮齿动物的胚胎发育研究显示血清素神经元起源于后脑的最腹侧，沿着后脑分布。由r4分隔成两簇，r1到r3为喙部簇，r5到r8为尾部簇。在成年啮齿动物中，喙侧簇的血清素神经元分布在背缝核和中缝核，背缝核的血清素神经元起源于r1，投射到皮质、嗅球和脑室旁丘脑核。中缝核的血清素神经元主要起源于r2和r3, 投射到嗅球和海马以及下丘脑视交叉上核。Serotonin neurons are distributed in the raphe nuclei of the hindbrain. They synthesize and secrete serotonin neurotransmitters, regulating human respiratory rhythm, sleep patterns, and emotions (Deneris, E.S. and S.C. Wyler, Serotonergic transcriptional networks and potential importance to mental health [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2012. 15(4): p. 519-27.). Studies on embryonic development of rodents show that serotonin neurons originate from the most ventral part of the hindbrain and are distributed along the hindbrain. They are separated into two clusters by r4, r1 to r3 as the rostral cluster and r5 to r8 as the caudal cluster. In adult rodents, serotonin neurons in the rostral cluster are distributed in the dorsal raphe nuclei and the median raphe nuclei. Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei originate from r1 and project to the cortex, olfactory bulb, and paraventricular thalamic nucleus. Serotonin neurons in the median raphe nucleus mainly originate from r2 and r3 and project to the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
尾部簇的血清素神经元向下投射到脑干和脊髓等区域，具有体温调控和呼吸调节等功能（Deneris, E. and P. Gaspar, Serotonin neuron development: shaping molecular and structural identities [J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol, 2018. 7），婴儿猝死综合症与后脑尾侧血清素系统异常相关（Kinney, H.C., et al., The brainstem and serotonin in the sudden infant death syndrome [J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2009. 4: p. 517-50.）。然而缺乏相应的细胞模型用于研究病理机制，该病的发病机制尚不明确。人多潜能干细胞具有多向分化的能力，体外诱导分化可获得特定的神经元类型。2016年Lu等通过精确调控WNT、SHH和FGF4信号通路，首次将人多能干细胞体外定向分化为高纯度的后脑喙侧r2-r3区域血清素神经元（Lu, J., et al., Generation of serotonin neurons from human pluripotent stem cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2016. 34(1): p. 89-94.）。The serotonin neurons in the caudal cluster project downward to the brainstem and spinal cord, and have functions such as temperature regulation and respiratory regulation (Deneris, E. and P. Gaspar, Serotonin neuron development: shaping molecular and structural identities [J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol, 2018. 7). Sudden infant death syndrome is associated with abnormalities in the caudal serotonin system of the hindbrain (Kinney, H.C., et al., The brainstem and serotonin in the sudden infant death syndrome [J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2009. 4: p. 517-50.). However, there is a lack of corresponding cell models for studying pathological mechanisms, and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. Human pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate in multiple directions, and in vitro induced differentiation can obtain specific neuronal types. In 2016, Lu et al. precisely regulated the WNT, SHH and FGF4 signaling pathways and for the first time directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into highly pure serotonin neurons in the rostral r2-r3 region of the hindbrain in vitro (Lu, J., et al., Generation of serotonin neurons from human pluripotent stem cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2016. 34(1): p. 89-94.).
2021年Valiulahi等通过在分化早期添加高浓度的RA和purmorphamine获得后脑尾侧的血清素神经元，但是该方法在分化早期添加了高浓度的purmorphamine,导致最终分化体系中存在大量Floor plate细胞，影响血清素神经元的纯度（Valiulahi P, Vidyawan V, Puspita L, et al. Generation of caudal-type serotonin neurons and hindbrain-fate organoids from hPSCs[J]. Stem Cell Reports, 2021.）。In 2021, Valiulahi et al. obtained serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain by adding high concentrations of RA and purmorphamine in the early stages of differentiation. However, this method added high concentrations of purmorphamine in the early stages of differentiation, resulting in the presence of a large number of floor plate cells in the final differentiation system, affecting the purity of serotonin neurons (Valiulahi P, Vidyawan V, Puspita L, et al. Generation of caudal-type serotonin neurons and hindbrain-fate organoids from hPSCs[J]. Stem Cell Reports, 2021.).
综上所述，需要精确调控发育的关键信号通路将多潜能干细胞体外定向分化为高纯度的后脑尾侧血清素神经元，从而为婴儿猝死综合症等后脑尾侧血清素系统相关疾病的机制研究和药物筛选提供有效的细胞模型。In summary, it is necessary to precisely regulate key developmental signaling pathways to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into highly pure caudal hindbrain serotonin neurons in vitro, thereby providing an effective cell model for the mechanism study and drug screening of diseases related to the caudal hindbrain serotonin system such as sudden infant death syndrome.
技术问题technical problem
本发明旨在建立人多潜能干细胞定向分化为高纯度的后脑尾侧血清素神经元的方法，为神经系统相关疾病的机制和表型研究以及药物筛选提供可靠的细胞模型。The present invention aims to establish a method for directing differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into high-purity hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons, and to provide a reliable cell model for the study of the mechanism and phenotype of nervous system-related diseases and drug screening.
技术解决方案Technical Solutions
本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，包括以下步骤：A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising the following steps:
S1、使用E8培养基培养多潜能干细胞，多潜能干细胞融合度达到60-80%，按1:3传代到新的培养板，继续使用E8培养；S1. Use E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
S2、当多潜能干细胞融合度达到80%左右，将E8更换为第一培养基，培养6-8天；S2. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches about 80%, replace E8 with the first culture medium and culture for 6-8 days;
S3、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:5传代到Matrigel包被的孔板，第二天更换为第二培养基，培养6-8天；S3, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:5, replace with the second culture medium the next day, and culture for 6-8 days;
S4、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:3传代到 Matrigel 包被的孔板，第二天更换为第三培养基，培养6-8天；S4, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:3. Change to the third culture medium the next day and culture for 6-8 days.
S5、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1.5~4.5*10 4/cm 2传代到PO-Laminin包被的玻片上，第二天更换为第四培养基，培养3-4天，更换为神经元分化培养基，继续培养2-4周可以得到成熟的后脑尾侧血清素神经元； S5. Digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them onto PO-Laminin coated glass slides at 1.5-4.5*10 4 /cm 2. Change to the fourth culture medium on the next day, culture for 3-4 days, change to neuronal differentiation medium, and continue to culture for 2-4 weeks to obtain mature hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons.
其中，in,
第一培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021；The first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
第二培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA；The second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
第三培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA、FGF4；The third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA、FGF4。The fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
在本发明中，SB431542是一种活化素受体样激酶（ALK）的小分子抑制剂；In the present invention, SB431542 is a small molecule inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK);
在本发明中，DMH1是一种骨成形蛋白受体（BMP）的小分子抑制剂；In the present invention, DMH1 is a small molecule inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP);
在本发明中，CHIR99021是一种糖原合成酶激酶3（GSK3）的小分子抑制剂；In the present invention, CHIR99021 is a small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3);
在本发明中，purmorphamine是一种Smo受体的小分子激动剂；In the present invention, purmorphamine is a small molecule agonist of the Smo receptor;
在本发明中，RA是指全反式维甲酸；In the present invention, RA refers to all-trans retinoic acid;
在本发明中，FGF4是指成纤维生长因子4。In the present invention, FGF4 refers to fibroblast growth factor 4.
优选的，所述神经诱导培养基包括DMEM/F12培养基、Neurobasal培养基、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、1 × GlutaMax。Preferably, the neural induction medium includes DMEM/F12 medium, Neurobasal medium, 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, and 1 × GlutaMax.
优选的，所述神经元分化培养基包括Neurobasal培养基、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、维生素 C、 DAPT、 GDNF、 BDNF、 TGFβ3、IGF1。Preferably, the neuronal differentiation medium includes Neurobasal medium, 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, vitamin C, DAPT, GDNF, BDNF, TGFβ3, and IGF1.
优选的，神经诱导培养基中，DMEM/F12培养基、Neurobasal培养基的体积比为1:1。Preferably, in the neural induction medium, the volume ratio of DMEM/F12 medium to Neurobasal medium is 1:1.
优选的，所述第二培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（0.4-1）:（0.1-1）。Preferably, the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine to RA in the second culture medium is: (0.4-1): (0.1-1).
优选的，所述第三培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（1-2）:（0.1-1）。Preferably, the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine to RA in the third culture medium is: (1-2): (0.1-1).
优选的，所述第一培养基中，SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）。Preferably, in the first culture medium, the molar concentration (μM) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021 is 2:2:(1-3).
优选的，第二培养基包括：SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）:（0.4-1）：（0.1-1）。Preferably, the second culture medium comprises: SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA in a molar concentration (μM) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.4-1):(0.1-1).
优选的，第三培养基包括：SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）:（1-2）：（0.1-1），FGF4的浓度为10ng/ml。Preferably, the third culture medium comprises: the molar concentration (μM) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA is 2:2:(1-3):(1-2):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
优选的，第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）:（0.1-1），FGF4的浓度为10ng/ml。Preferably, the fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, and RA in a molar concentration (μM) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的成套培养基，包括第一培养基、第二培养基、第三培养基和第四培养基，A second aspect of the present invention provides a set of culture medium for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising a first culture medium, a second culture medium, a third culture medium and a fourth culture medium.
所述第一培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021；The first culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021;
所述第二培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA；The second culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
所述第三培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA、FGF4；The third culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
所述第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA、FGF4。The fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
优选的，其特征在于，所述第二培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（0.4-1）:（0.1-1）。Preferably, it is characterized in that the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the second culture medium is: (0.4-1): (0.1-1).
优选的，其特征在于，所述第三培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（1-2）:（0.1-1）。Preferably, it is characterized in that the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the third culture medium is: (1-2): (0.1-1).
优选的，所述神经诱导培养基包括DMEM/F12培养基、Neurobasal培养基、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、1 × GlutaMax。Preferably, the neural induction medium includes DMEM/F12 medium, Neurobasal medium, 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, and 1 × GlutaMax.
优选的，所述第一培养基中，SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）。Preferably, in the first culture medium, the molar concentration (μM) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021 is 2:2:(1-3).
优选的，第二培养基包括：SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）:（0.4-1）：（0.1-1）。Preferably, the second culture medium comprises: SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA in a molar concentration (μM) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.4-1):(0.1-1).
优选的，第三培养基包括：SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）:（1-2）：（0.1-1），FGF4的浓度为10ng/ml。Preferably, the third culture medium comprises: the molar concentration (μM) ratio of SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA is 2:2:(1-3):(1-2):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
优选的，第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为2 : 2 ：（1-3）:（0.1-1），FGF4的浓度为10ng/ml。Preferably, the fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, and RA in a molar concentration (μM) ratio of 2:2:(1-3):(0.1-1), and the concentration of FGF4 is 10 ng/ml.
本发明的第三个方面，提供了本发明提供的方法制备的尾侧血清素神经元在体外后脑尾侧血清素系统相关疾病的机制研究和药物筛选的细胞模型中的应用。The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the caudal serotonin neurons prepared by the method provided by the present invention in a cell model for in vitro mechanism research on diseases related to the caudal serotonin system of the hindbrain and drug screening.
优选的，方法包括以下步骤：Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
S1、使用E8培养基培养多潜能干细胞，多潜能干细胞融合度达到60-80%，按1:3传代到新的培养板，继续使用E8培养；S1. Use E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
S2、当多潜能干细胞融合度达到80%左右，将E8更换为第一培养基，培养6-8天；S2. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches about 80%, replace E8 with the first culture medium and culture for 6-8 days;
S3、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:5传代到Matrigel包被的孔板，第二天更换为第二培养基，培养6-8天；S3, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:5, replace with the second culture medium the next day, and culture for 6-8 days;
S4、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:3传代到 Matrigel 包被的孔板，第二天更换为第三培养基，培养6-8天；S4, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:3. Change to the third culture medium the next day and culture for 6-8 days.
S5、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1.5~4.5*10 4/cm 2传代到PO-Laminin包被的玻片上，第二天更换为第四培养基，培养3-4天，更换为神经元分化培养基，继续培养2-4周可以得到成熟的后脑尾侧血清素神经元； S5. Digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them onto PO-Laminin coated glass slides at 1.5-4.5*10 4 /cm 2. Change to the fourth culture medium on the next day, culture for 3-4 days, change to neuronal differentiation medium, and continue to culture for 2-4 weeks to obtain mature hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons.
其中，in,
第一培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021；The first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
第二培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA；The second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
第三培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA、FGF4；The third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA、FGF4。The fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
有益效果Beneficial Effects
与现有技术相比，本发明有益效果及显著进步在于：本发明提供的干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法、成套培养基及应用，能够简便高效，可获得大量高纯度的特定区域的且功能成熟的血清素神经元，为相关疾病机制研究以及药物评估和筛选提供了一种有效的细胞模型。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects and significant progress of the present invention are as follows: the method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, the complete culture medium and the application provided by the present invention are simple and efficient, and a large number of high-purity serotonin neurons in specific regions with mature functions can be obtained, providing an effective cell model for the study of related disease mechanisms and drug evaluation and screening.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对本发明的实施例所需使用的附图作一简单介绍。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention.
显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅是本发明中的部分实施例的附图，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，但这些其他的附图同样属于本发明实施例所需使用的附图之内。 Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, but these other drawings also belong to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例1的人胚胎干细胞系H9未分化状态下的细胞形态；FIG1 shows the cell morphology of the human embryonic stem cell line H9 in an undifferentiated state in Example 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例2的人多潜能干细胞定向分化为后脑尾侧血清素神经元的分化流程图；FIG2 is a flow chart of the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons according to Example 2 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例2的后脑尾侧血清素神经元分化各阶段的形态图；FIG3 is a morphological diagram of the serotonin neurons at different stages of differentiation in the caudal hindbrain of Example 2 of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例3的后脑尾侧血清素神经元分化早期的标志物的细胞免疫荧光图；FIG4 is a cell immunofluorescence image of markers of early differentiation of serotonin neurons in the caudal part of the hindbrain according to Example 3 of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例3的后脑尾侧神经元分化晚期标志物的细胞免疫荧光图；FIG5 is a cell immunofluorescence image of late differentiation markers of caudal hindbrain neurons in Example 3 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例3的后脑尾侧血清素神经元标志物的细胞免疫荧光图；FIG6 is a cell immunofluorescence image of serotonin neuron markers in the caudal part of the hindbrain according to Example 3 of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例4的后脑尾侧血清素神经元在电压刺激下的钠钾电流；FIG7 is a sodium-potassium current of the serotonin neurons in the caudal part of the hindbrain under voltage stimulation according to Example 4 of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例4的后脑尾侧血清素神经元在电流刺激下诱发的动作电位和自发动作电位；FIG8 shows the action potential and spontaneous action potential induced by the serotonin neurons in the caudal part of the hindbrain under current stimulation according to Example 4 of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例5的后脑尾侧血清素神经元的分泌的血清素神经递质水平图。FIG. 9 is a graph showing the level of serotonin neurotransmitter secreted by serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain of Example 5 of the present invention.
本发明的最佳实施方式Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
本发明提供了一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention provides a method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising the following steps:
S1、使用E8培养基培养多潜能干细胞，多潜能干细胞融合度达到60-80%，按1:3传代到新的培养板，继续使用E8培养；S1. Use E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
S2、当多潜能干细胞融合度达到80%左右，将E8更换为第一培养基，培养6-8天；S2. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches about 80%, replace E8 with the first culture medium and culture for 6-8 days;
S3、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:5传代到Matrigel包被的孔板，第二天更换为第二培养基，培养6-8天；S3, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:5, replace with the second culture medium the next day, and culture for 6-8 days;
S4、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:3传代到 Matrigel 包被的孔板，第二天更换为第三培养基，培养6-8天；S4, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:3. Change to the third culture medium the next day and culture for 6-8 days.
S5、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1.5~4.5*10 4/cm 2传代到PO-Laminin包被的玻片上，第二天更换为第四培养基，培养3-4天，更换为神经元分化培养基，继续培养2-4周可以得到成熟的后脑尾侧血清素神经元； S5. Digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them onto PO-Laminin coated glass slides at 1.5-4.5*10 4 /cm 2. Change to the fourth culture medium on the next day, culture for 3-4 days, change to neuronal differentiation medium, and continue to culture for 2-4 weeks to obtain mature hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons.
其中，in,
第一培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021；The first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
第二培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA；The second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
第三培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA、FGF4；The third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA、FGF4。The fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
在本发明中，SB431542是一种活化素受体样激酶（ALK）的小分子抑制剂；In the present invention, SB431542 is a small molecule inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK);
在本发明中，DMH1是一种骨成形蛋白受体（BMP）的小分子抑制剂；In the present invention, DMH1 is a small molecule inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP);
在本发明中，CHIR99021是一种糖原合成酶激酶3（GSK3）的小分子抑制剂；In the present invention, CHIR99021 is a small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3);
在本发明中，purmorphamine是一种Smo受体的小分子激动剂；In the present invention, purmorphamine is a small molecule agonist of the Smo receptor;
在本发明中，RA是指全反式维甲酸；In the present invention, RA refers to all-trans retinoic acid;
在本发明中，FGF4是指成纤维生长因子4。In the present invention, FGF4 refers to fibroblast growth factor 4.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案、有益效果及显著进步更加清楚，下面，将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution, beneficial effects and significant improvements of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention.
显然，所有描述的这些实施例仅是本发明的部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。Obviously, all the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
需要理解的是：What needs to be understood is:
术语“分化”是指，同一来源的细胞逐渐产生出形态结构、功能特征各不相同的细胞类群的过程，其结果是在空间上细胞产生差异，在时间上同一细胞与其从前的状态有所不同。细胞分化的本质是基因组在时间和空间上的选择性表达，通过不同基因表达的开启或关闭，最终产生标志性蛋白质。The term "differentiation" refers to the process by which cells from the same source gradually produce cell groups with different morphological structures and functional characteristics. The result is that cells differ in space and the same cell is different from its previous state in time. The essence of cell differentiation is the selective expression of the genome in time and space, and the turning on or off of different gene expressions ultimately produces signature proteins.
术语“培养基”是指，供微生物、植物组织和动物组织生长和维持用的人工配制的养料，一般都含有碳水化合物、含氮物质、无机盐（包括微量元素）以及维生素和水等。The term "culture medium" refers to artificially prepared nutrients used for the growth and maintenance of microorganisms, plant tissues and animal tissues, which generally contain carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing substances, inorganic salts (including trace elements), vitamins and water.
对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
还需要说明的是，以下的具体实施例可以相互结合，对于其中相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例中不再赘述。It should also be noted that the following specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes therein may not be repeated in some embodiments.
下面，以具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with specific embodiments.
实施例1 人胚胎干细胞的培养Example 1 Cultivation of human embryonic stem cells
使用E8培养基(TeSR™-E8™, Stem Cell technology, 货号05990)培养人胚胎干细胞系H9(WA09, WiCell)，细胞贴壁在Matrigel(Corning,货号354277)包被的六孔板，细胞每天更换新鲜培养基，培养4-6天，细胞融合度达到80%左右进行传代。Human embryonic stem cell line H9 (WA09, WiCell) was cultured using E8 medium (TeSR™-E8™, Stem Cell technology, Catalog No. 05990). The cells were adhered to six-well plates coated with Matrigel (Corning, Catalog No. 354277). The cells were replaced with fresh medium every day. After 4-6 days of culture, the cells were passaged when the cell confluence reached about 80%.
细胞传代具体步骤如下：The specific steps for cell passaging are as follows:
1、基质胶包被孔板：根据说明书稀释比例，将Matrigel稀释到4℃预冷的高糖DMEM（Gibco, 货号11995065），再加入孔板中，37℃孵育30分钟，传代前吸走；1. Matrigel coated well plate: Dilute Matrigel to 4°C pre-cooled high-glucose DMEM (Gibco, Cat. No. 11995065) according to the dilution ratio in the instruction manual, add to the well plate, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, and aspirate before subculturing;
2、吸去细胞培液，加入 DPBS（SIGMA）洗一遍，加入ReLeSR™ 细胞消化液(STEMCELL Technologies, 货号05872)并在1分钟内吸去，室温放置7分钟；2. Aspirate the cell culture medium, add DPBS (SIGMA) to wash once, add ReLeSR™ Cell Digestion Solution (STEMCELL Technologies, Catalog No. 05872) and aspirate within 1 minute, and leave at room temperature for 7 minutes;
3、消化结束，加入E8重悬细胞3. After digestion, add E8 to resuspend cells
4、按1:3进行传代，接种到提前包被基质胶的六孔板，使用E8培养，每天给细胞换液并观察细胞状态，细胞形态如图1所示。4. The cells were subcultured at a ratio of 1:3 and inoculated into six-well plates pre-coated with matrix gel. The cells were cultured using E8. The cell medium was changed every day and the cell status was observed. The cell morphology is shown in Figure 1.
实施例2人胚胎干细胞向后脑尾侧血清素神经元的定向分化Example 2 Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain
人胚胎干细胞向后脑尾侧血清素神经元的定向分化的步骤如图2所示，具体步骤如下：The steps of directing differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain are shown in FIG2 . The specific steps are as follows:
当实施例1中的胚胎干细胞的融合度达到80%左右，更换为含有化合物组分1的神经诱导培养基（第一培养基），培养6-8天，使用TrypLE 消化酶进行消化传代。When the degree of fusion of the embryonic stem cells in Example 1 reaches about 80%, replace it with a neural induction medium (first medium) containing compound component 1, culture it for 6-8 days, and use TrypLE digestive enzyme for digestion and passage.
其中神经诱导培养基的基础培养基含有DMEM/F12(Gibco,货号11330-032):Neurobasal培养基(Gibco,货号21103049)（体积比为1:1）、1 × N2(Gibco,货号17502048)、1 × B27(Gibco,货号12587010)、1 × NEAA(Gibco,货号11140050)、1 × GlutaMax(Gibco,货号35050061)。化合物组分1包含：2 μM SB431542、2 μM DMH1、1.8 μM CHIR99021(小分子化合物都购自陶术生物)。The basic culture medium of the neural induction medium contains DMEM/F12 (Gibco, catalog number 11330-032): Neurobasal medium (Gibco, catalog number 21103049) (volume ratio is 1:1), 1 × N2 (Gibco, catalog number 17502048), 1 × B27 (Gibco, catalog number 12587010), 1 × NEAA (Gibco, catalog number 11140050), 1 × GlutaMax (Gibco, catalog number 35050061). Compound component 1 contains: 2 μM SB431542, 2 μM DMH1, 1.8 μM CHIR99021 (small molecule compounds are all purchased from Taoshu Biological).
其中具体的消化步骤如下：The specific digestion steps are as follows:
1、基质胶包被孔板：根据说明书稀释比例，将Matrigel稀释到4℃预冷的高糖DMEM，再加入孔板，37℃孵育30分钟，传代前吸走；1. Matrigel coated well plate: Dilute Matrigel to 4°C pre-cooled high-glucose DMEM according to the dilution ratio in the instructions, add to the well plate, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, and aspirate before subculturing;
2、神经诱导培养6-8天，吸走培液加入DPBS洗一遍，加入TrypLE（Gibco,货号12604021）润洗一遍，吸走消化液，将细胞放入培养箱，37℃孵育4分钟2. After 6-8 days of neural induction culture, remove the culture medium and add DPBS to wash once, add TrypLE (Gibco, Cat. No. 12604021) to rinse once, remove the digestion solution, place the cells in the incubator, and incubate at 37°C for 4 minutes
3、加入含有化合物组合1的神经诱导培养基并添加10 μM Y27632（陶术生物）, 重悬细胞后按1:5比例传代到包被基质胶的孔板。3. Add neural induction medium containing compound combination 1 and 10 μM Y27632 (Taoshu Biotechnology), resuspend the cells and subculture them into well plates coated with matrix gel at a ratio of 1:5.
得到后脑神经上皮细胞后，即步骤1）传代第二天更换为含有化合物组分2的神经诱导培养基（第二培养基），培养6-8天，使用TrypLE 消化酶进行消化传代。After obtaining the hindbrain neuroepithelial cells, i.e., on the second day of passaging in step 1), replace the culture medium with the neural induction medium (second culture medium) containing compound component 2, culture for 6-8 days, and use TrypLE digestive enzyme for digestion and passaging.
其中神经诱导培养基的基础培养基含有DMEM/F12:Neurobasal培养基（体积比为1:1）、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、1 × GlutaMax。化合物组分2包含：2 μM SB431542、2 μM DMH1、1.8 μM CHIR990210、0.5 μM purmorphamine、100 nM RA。The basic culture medium of the neural induction medium contains DMEM/F12:Neurobasal medium (volume ratio is 1:1), 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, 1 × GlutaMax. Compound component 2 contains: 2 μM SB431542, 2 μM DMH1, 1.8 μM CHIR990210, 0.5 μM purmorphamine, 100 nM RA.
其中具体的消化步骤如下所述：The specific digestion steps are as follows:
1、基质胶包被孔板：根据说明书稀释比例，将Matrigel稀释到4℃预冷的高糖DMEM，再加入孔板，37℃孵育30分钟，传代前吸走；1. Matrigel coated well plate: Dilute Matrigel to 4°C pre-cooled high-glucose DMEM according to the dilution ratio in the instructions, add to the well plate, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, and aspirate before subculturing;
2、神经诱导培养6-8天，吸走培液加入DPBS洗一遍，加入TrypLE润洗一遍，吸走消化液，将细胞放入培养箱，37℃孵育4分钟2. After 6-8 days of neural induction culture, remove the culture medium, add DPBS to wash once, add TrypLE to rinse once, remove the digestion solution, place the cells in the incubator, and incubate at 37°C for 4 minutes
3、加入含有化合物组合2的神经诱导培养基并添加10 μM Y27632, 重悬细胞后按1:3比例传代到包被基质胶的孔板。3. Add neural induction medium containing compound combination 2 and 10 μM Y27632, resuspend the cells and passage them into matrix gel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:3.
得到后脑尾侧腹侧的神经上皮细胞后，即步骤2）传代第二天更换为含有化合物组分3的神经诱导培养基（第三培养基），培养6-8天，使用TrypLE 消化酶进行消化传代。After obtaining the neuroepithelial cells from the caudal ventral side of the hindbrain, i.e., on the second day of passaging in step 2), replace the culture medium with the neural induction medium containing compound component 3 (the third culture medium), culture for 6-8 days, and use TrypLE digestive enzyme for digestion and passaging.
其中神经诱导培养基的基础培养基含有DMEM/F12:Neurobasal培养基（体积比为1:1）、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、1 × GlutaMax。The basal culture medium of the neural induction medium contains DMEM/F12:Neurobasal medium (volume ratio is 1:1), 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, and 1 × GlutaMax.
化合物组分3包含：2 μM SB431542、2 μM DMH1、1.8 μM CHIR990210、2 μM purmorphamine、100 nM RA、10 ng/ml FGF4（PeproTech,货号100-31）。Compound component 3 contains: 2 μM SB431542, 2 μM DMH1, 1.8 μM CHIR990210, 2 μM purmorphamine, 100 nM RA, 10 ng/ml FGF4 (PeproTech, cat. no. 100-31).
其中具体的消化步骤如下所述：The specific digestion steps are as follows:
1、PO-Laminin包被玻片：用无菌水将多聚鸟氨酸（PO, SIGMA）稀释200倍，每块直径12 mm的玻片加50 μL，室温包被过夜，第二天吸走PO加无菌水洗两遍，晾干后加使用DMEM/F12稀释50倍的laminin（Thermo fisher,货号 23017015），37℃包被3小时，传代前吸走；1. PO-Laminin coated slides: dilute polyornithine (PO, SIGMA) 200 times with sterile water, add 50 μL to each slide with a diameter of 12 mm, coat at room temperature overnight, remove PO the next day, wash twice with sterile water, dry, add laminin (Thermo fisher, product number 23017015) diluted 50 times with DMEM/F12, coat at 37°C for 3 hours, and remove before subculturing;
2、神经诱导培养6-8天，吸走培液加入DPBS洗一遍，加入TrypLE润洗一遍，吸走消化液，将细胞放入培养箱，37℃孵育4分钟2. After 6-8 days of neural induction culture, remove the culture medium, add DPBS to wash once, add TrypLE to rinse once, remove the digestion solution, place the cells in the incubator, and incubate at 37°C for 4 minutes
3、加入含有化合物组合3的神经诱导培养基并添加10 μM Y27632, 重悬细胞后按每块直径12 mm玻片1.5~4.5*10 4/cm 2 个细胞接种。 3. Add the neural induction medium containing compound combination 3 and 10 μM Y27632, resuspend the cells and seed them at a density of 1.5~4.5*10 4 /cm 2 per glass slide with a diameter of 12 mm.
4、后脑尾侧血清素神经元的分化和成熟：步骤3）传代的第二天，更换为含有化合物组分4的神经诱导培养基（第四培养基），培养3-4天，更换为神经元分化培养基，培养2-4周。4. Differentiation and maturation of serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain: Step 3) On the second day of subculturing, replace the medium with the neural induction medium containing compound component 4 (fourth medium), culture for 3-4 days, and then replace it with the neuronal differentiation medium and culture for 2-4 weeks.
其中神经元分化培养基的组分含有：Neurobasal培养基，1 × N2，1 × B27，1 × NEAA ，0.2 mM vitamin C（sigma-Ardrich,货号 A4403），2.5 µM DAPT(陶术生物,货号T6202)，10 ng/ml GDNF（PeproTech,货号450-10），10 ng/ml BDNF（PeproTech,货号450-02），1 ng/ml TGFβ3（PeproTech,货号100-36E），10 ng/ml IGF1 （PeproTech,货号100-11）。The components of the neuronal differentiation medium include: Neurobasal medium, 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, 0.2 mM vitamin C (sigma-Ardrich, product number A4403), 2.5 µM DAPT (Taoshu Biological, product number T6202), 10 ng/ml GDNF (PeproTech, product number 450-10), 10 ng/ml BDNF (PeproTech, product number 450-02), 1 ng/ml TGFβ3 (PeproTech, product number 100-36E), and 10 ng/ml IGF1 (PeproTech, product number 100-11).
化合物4包括：2 μM SB431542、2 μM DMH1、1-3 μM CHIR99021、0.1-1 μM RA、10 ng/ml FGF4。Compound 4 includes: 2 μM SB431542, 2 μM DMH1, 1-3 μM CHIR99021, 0.1-1 μM RA, 10 ng/ml FGF4.
本实施例后脑尾侧血清素神经元分化各阶段的形态图如图3所示。The morphological diagrams of the serotonin neurons at different stages of differentiation in the caudal hindbrain of this example are shown in FIG3 .
实施例3细胞免疫荧光实验鉴定分化各阶段的标志物蛋白表达Example 3 Cell immunofluorescence assay to identify marker protein expression at each stage of differentiation
取实施例2的诱导过程的步骤3中消化传代第二天的玻片以及步骤4培养3天和2-3周的细胞爬片进行细胞免疫荧光鉴定，具体步骤如下：Take the slides from the second day of digestion and subculture in step 3 of the induction process of Example 2 and the cell slides from 3 days and 2-3 weeks of culture in step 4 for cell immunofluorescence identification. The specific steps are as follows:
3.1、吸走培养液，加入DPBS洗一遍后加入4%多聚甲醛室温固定半小时；3.1. Aspirate the culture medium, add DPBS to wash once, and then add 4% paraformaldehyde to fix at room temperature for half an hour;
3.2、吸走多聚甲醛，加入DPBS洗3遍；3.2. Remove the paraformaldehyde and wash with DPBS for 3 times;
3.3、吸走DPBS加入封闭液，封闭液的组分：含有10%(v/v)驴血清，0.2%(v/v) Triton X-100的DPBS室温孵育半小时；3.3. Aspirate DPBS and add blocking solution. The components of the blocking solution are: DPBS containing 10% (v/v) donkey serum and 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100, incubate at room temperature for half an hour;
3.4、使用含有5%(v/v)驴血清和0.2%(v/v) Triton X-100的DPBS稀释一抗，具体信息见表1；3.4. Dilute the primary antibody using DPBS containing 5% (v/v) donkey serum and 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100. For details, see Table 1.
3.5、吸走封闭液，加入稀释后的一抗，4℃孵育过夜3.5. Aspirate the blocking solution, add diluted primary antibody, and incubate overnight at 4°C
3.6、吸走一抗，加入DPBS洗3遍，每次5分钟3.6. Remove the primary antibody and wash with DPBS 3 times, 5 minutes each time
3.7、用含有5%(v/v)驴血清的DPBS稀释二抗以及DAPI3.7. Dilute the secondary antibody and DAPI in DPBS containing 5% (v/v) donkey serum
3.8、吸走DPBS，加入稀释的二抗和DAPI，室温避光孵育45分钟3.8. Aspirate DPBS, add diluted secondary antibody and DAPI, and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 45 minutes
3.9、吸走二抗，加入DPBS洗3遍，每次5分钟3.9. Remove the secondary antibody and wash with DPBS 3 times, 5 minutes each time
3.10、使用防淬灭的封片剂封片3.10. Use anti-quenching sealing medium to seal the slices
3.11、使用荧光显微镜观察并拍照3.11. Observe and take photos using a fluorescence microscope
细胞免疫荧光鉴定图如图4，图5所示。图4是为分化第21天的后脑尾侧神经元前体细胞标志物HOXB4、OLIG2、NKX2.2，其中HOXB4是后脑尾侧的标志物，NKX2.2是后脑腹侧神经前体细胞标志物，而OLIG2是运动神经元标志物。图5是分化第24天的后脑尾侧血清素神经元前体细胞标志物检测，其中HOXB4阳性、NKX2.2阳性，OLIG2阴性。图6是神经元分化阶段培养3周标志物5-HT和Tuj1，表明得到了成熟的后脑尾侧血清素神经元。The cell immunofluorescence identification diagrams are shown in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows the markers HOXB4, OLIG2, and NKX2.2 of the caudal hindbrain neuron precursor cells on the 21st day of differentiation, of which HOXB4 is a marker of the caudal hindbrain, NKX2.2 is a marker of the ventral hindbrain neural precursor cells, and OLIG2 is a marker of motor neurons. Figure 5 shows the detection of markers of the caudal hindbrain serotonin neuron precursor cells on the 24th day of differentiation, of which HOXB4 is positive, NKX2.2 is positive, and OLIG2 is negative. Figure 6 shows the markers 5-HT and Tuj1 at the 3rd week of culture in the neuronal differentiation stage, indicating that mature caudal hindbrain serotonin neurons were obtained.
表1 细胞免疫荧光实验的抗体信息Table 1 Antibody information for cell immunofluorescence experiments
抗体名称Antibody Name 公司company 货号Part Number 稀释比例（v/v）Dilution ratio (v/v)
一抗Antibody HOXB4HOXB4 DSHBDSHB I12I12 1:501:50
OLIG2OLIG2 MilliporeMillipore AB9610AB9610 1:5001:500
NKX2.2NKX2.2 DSHBDSHB 74.5A574.5A5 1:1001:100
5-HT5-HT ImmunostarImmunostar 2008020080 1:20001:2000
TUJ1TUJ1 SIGMASIGMA T8660T8660 1:100001:10000
二抗Secondary Antibodies Donkey anti-Rabbit Cy3Donkey anti-Rabbit Cy3 Jackson ImmunoResearchJackson ImmunoResearch 711-165-152711-165-152 1:10001:1000
Donkey anti-mouse FITCDonkey anti-mouse FITC Jackson ImmunoResearchJackson ImmunoResearch 715-165-150715-165-150 1:10001:1000
Donkey anti-Rat Cy3Donkey anti-Rat Cy3 Jackson ImmunoResearchJackson ImmunoResearch 712-165-150712-165-150 1:10001:1000
实施例4全细胞膜片钳实验检测人胚胎干细胞分化来源的后脑尾侧血清素神经元的电生理功能Example 4 Whole-cell patch clamp experiment to detect the electrophysiological function of serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain derived from human embryonic stem cells
电极拉制后充灌电极内液，阻值为6-8 MΩ。电极侵入液面之前，通过和电极 holder 连接的导管在其内部给予弱的正压，待尖端开始接触细胞准备形成封接 (seal) 时，旋即开放导管并通过导管施压恒定负压。封接阻抗达到 GΩ 级后，将膜电位保持在 -60 mV，然后将贴壁细胞起至快速给药灌流系统加药管下方以进行下一步实验。全细胞电极内液：20 mM KCl，10 mM Na +-HEPES，121 mM K +-gluconate，10 mM BAPTA，4 mM Mg 2+-ATP (调 pH = 7.2，0℃ 保存)。全细胞电极外液：127 mM NaCl，1.9 mM KCl，2.2 mM CaCl 2，1.2 mM KH 2PO 4，26 mM NaHCO 3 ，1.4 mM MgSO 4，10 mM glucose（调 pH = 7.3）。实验控制在室温 23-25℃ 进行，滤波频率为 1 kHz，钳制电压指令及电流的记录由 clampex10.3 (Molecular devices) 软件通过 DigiData-1440A 转换接口控制。 After the electrode is drawn, it is filled with electrode liquid, and the resistance is 6-8 MΩ. Before the electrode enters the liquid surface, a weak positive pressure is applied inside it through the catheter connected to the electrode holder. When the tip begins to contact the cell to form a seal, the catheter is immediately opened and a constant negative pressure is applied through the catheter. After the seal impedance reaches the GΩ level, the membrane potential is maintained at -60 mV, and then the adherent cells are lifted to the bottom of the drug addition tube of the rapid drug delivery perfusion system for the next experiment. Whole cell electrode liquid: 20 mM KCl, 10 mM Na + -HEPES, 121 mM K + -gluconate, 10 mM BAPTA, 4 mM Mg 2+ -ATP (adjust pH = 7.2, store at 0℃). The whole-cell electrode external solution: 127 mM NaCl, 1.9 mM KCl, 2.2 mM CaCl 2 , 1.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 26 mM NaHCO 3 , 1.4 mM MgSO 4 , 10 mM glucose (pH = 7.3). The experiment was controlled at room temperature 23-25°C, the filter frequency was 1 kHz, and the clamping voltage command and current recording were controlled by clampex10.3 (Molecular devices) software through the DigiData-1440A conversion interface.
全细胞钠钾电流记录Whole-cell sodium-potassium current recordings
在电压钳下，注入-40~30mV电压，5mV一个步阶刺激下记录的内向的钠电流和外向的钾电流，如图7所示，说明分化来源的的血清素神经元具有成熟的钠钾离子通道。Under voltage clamp, a voltage of -40~30mV was injected, and the inward sodium current and outward potassium current recorded under 5mV step stimulation were shown in Figure 7, indicating that the differentiated serotonin neurons have mature sodium and potassium ion channels.
动作电位记录Action potential recording
在电流钳下，钳制电流为0pA，注入-40~100pA，10pA 一个步阶刺激下的动作电位发放，如图8所示，说明分化来源的的血清素能神经元具有成熟的电生理特性。Under current clamp, the clamping current was 0pA, -40~100pA was injected, and action potentials were emitted under 10pA step stimulation, as shown in Figure 8, indicating that the differentiated serotonergic neurons have mature electrophysiological characteristics.
实施例5酶联免疫吸附测定检测人胚胎干细胞分化来源的后脑尾侧血清素神经元的神经递质分泌功能Example 5 ELISA to detect neurotransmitter secretion function of serotonin neurons in the caudal hindbrain derived from human embryonic stem cells
收取血清素神经元分化阶段第五周的以及非血清素神经元的过夜孵育的细胞培养液，使用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒（IBL，RE59141）检测收集的培液中血清素的含量。如图9所示，非血清素神经元（NC, negative control）的胞外血清素含量检测不到（Not decteble, N.D.），而分化来源的血清素(cSNs)含量显著高于非血清素的胞外水平。说明分化来源的后脑尾侧血清素神经元具有正常的神经递质合成和分泌功能。The cell culture medium of the fifth week of serotonin neuron differentiation and the overnight incubation of non-serotonin neurons were collected, and the serotonin content in the collected culture medium was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (IBL, RE59141). As shown in Figure 9, the extracellular serotonin content of non-serotonin neurons (NC, negative control) was not detectable (Not decteble, N.D.), while the serotonin content of differentiated serotonin (cSNs) was significantly higher than the extracellular level of non-serotonin. This indicates that the differentiated hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons have normal neurotransmitter synthesis and secretion functions.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
1、根据实施例2步骤1获得后脑神经上皮细胞；1. Obtain hindbrain neuroepithelial cells according to step 1 of Example 2;
2、实施例2步骤2的化合物组分2中，分化第7天添加purmophamine和RA促进后脑尾侧和腹侧化分化，我们尝试0 / 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 μM purmophamine在100 nM RA条件下诱导分化一周；2. In the compound component 2 of step 2 of Example 2, purmophamine and RA were added on the 7th day of differentiation to promote the caudal and ventral differentiation of the hindbrain. We tried 0 / 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 μM purmophamine under 100 nM RA conditions to induce differentiation for one week;
3、细胞免疫荧光检测分化14天的细胞中腹侧神经前体细胞标志物NKX2.2和基底板细胞标志物FOXA2阳性细胞占总细胞的比例。3. Cell immunofluorescence was used to detect the proportion of cells positive for NKX2.2, a marker of ventral neural progenitor cells, and FOXA2, a marker of basal plate cells, in the total cells in cells differentiated for 14 days.
结果显示0.25 μM purmophamine组腹侧神经前体细胞标志物NKX2.2比例低，而2 μM purmophamine组基底板细胞标志物FOXA2的比例升高，0.5和1 μM组细胞分化效果最好。The results showed that the proportion of ventral neural precursor cell marker NKX2.2 was low in the 0.25 μM purmophamine group, while the proportion of basal plate cell marker FOXA2 was increased in the 2 μM purmophamine group. The 0.5 and 1 μM groups had the best cell differentiation effects.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
1、根据实施例2步骤1获得后脑神经上皮细胞1. Obtain hindbrain neuroepithelial cells according to step 1 of Example 2
2、根据实施例2步骤2获得后脑腹侧神经干细胞2. Obtaining ventral hindbrain neural stem cells according to step 2 of Example 2
3、实施例2步骤3的化合物组分3中，分化第14天添加purmophamine，RA和FGF4进一步促进血清素前体分化，我们尝试0.5/2 μM purmophamine诱导分化一周。3. In compound component 3 of step 3 of Example 2, purmophamine, RA and FGF4 were added on the 14th day of differentiation to further promote the differentiation of serotonin precursors. We tried 0.5/2 μM purmophamine to induce differentiation for one week.
4、细胞免疫荧光检测分化21天的细胞中腹侧神经前体细胞标志物NKX2.2和基底板细胞标志物FOXA2阳性细胞占总细胞的比例。4. Cell immunofluorescence was used to detect the proportion of cells positive for NKX2.2, a marker of ventral neural progenitor cells, and FOXA2, a marker of basal plate cells, in the total cells in cells differentiated for 21 days.
结果显示0. 5 μM purmophamine组腹侧神经前体细胞标志物NKX2.2比例较低，而2 μM purmophamine组NKX2.2比例较高且基底板细胞标志物FOXA2保持较低水平，分化后期将purmophamine浓度从0.5 μM提高到2 μM可促进腹侧化且不影响向基底板细胞分化。The results showed that the proportion of NKX2.2, a marker of ventral neural precursor cells, was lower in the 0.5 μM purmophamine group, while the proportion of NKX2.2 was higher in the 2 μM purmophamine group and the basal plate cell marker FOXA2 remained at a low level. Increasing the purmophamine concentration from 0.5 μM to 2 μM in the late differentiation stage promoted ventralization without affecting differentiation into basal plate cells.
对比例3Comparative Example 3
1、根据实施例2步骤1获得后脑神经上皮细胞1. Obtain hindbrain neuroepithelial cells according to step 1 of Example 2
2、根据实施例2步骤2获得后脑腹侧神经干细胞2. Obtaining ventral hindbrain neural stem cells according to step 2 of Example 2
3、根据实施例2步骤3获得后脑腹侧神经元前体细胞，3. Obtaining ventral hindbrain neuron precursor cells according to step 3 of Example 2,
4、将实施例2中的步骤3的前体细胞消化后接种到玻片上，第二天直接换神经元分化培养基。4. The precursor cells in step 3 of Example 2 were digested and inoculated onto a glass slide, and the neuronal differentiation medium was directly replaced the next day.
5、神经分化45天细胞免疫荧光检测血清素神经元比例，结果显示最终5-HT 阳性的血清素神经元的比例低于实施例2得到的血清素神经元。5. After 45 days of neural differentiation, the proportion of serotonin neurons was detected by cell immunofluorescence. The results showed that the final proportion of 5-HT-positive serotonin neurons was lower than the serotonin neurons obtained in Example 2.
在上述说明书的描述过程中：In the description of the above manual:
术语“本实施例”、“本发明实施例”、“如……所示”、“进一步的”、“进一步改进的技术分方案”等的描述，意指该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中；在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不是必须针对相同的实施例或示例，而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点等可以在任意一个或者多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合或组合；此外，在不产生矛盾的前提下，本领域的普通技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合或组合。The descriptions of terms such as "this embodiment", "an embodiment of the present invention", "as shown in...", "further", "a further improved technical sub-scheme", etc., mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention; in this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily for the same embodiment or example, and the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined or combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples; in addition, a person of ordinary skill in the art may combine or combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without causing any contradiction.
最后应说明的是： Finally, it should be noted that:
以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非是对其的限制；The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them.
尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围，本领域技术人员根据本说明书内容所做出的非本质改进和调整或者替换，均属本发明所要求保护的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. The non-essential improvements, adjustments or replacements made by those skilled in the art based on the contents of this specification are all within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
工业实用性Industrial Applicability
本发明提供的干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法、成套培养基及应用，能够简便高效，可获得大量高纯度的特定区域的且功能成熟的血清素神经元，为相关疾病机制研究以及药物评估和筛选提供了一种有效的细胞模型。The method, culture medium and application of stem cell differentiation of caudal serotonin neurons provided by the present invention are simple, efficient and can obtain a large number of high-purity serotonin neurons in a specific region with mature functions, thus providing an effective cell model for the study of related disease mechanisms and drug evaluation and screening.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, comprising the following steps:
    S1、使用E8培养基培养多潜能干细胞，多潜能干细胞融合度达到60-80%，按1:3传代到新的培养板，继续使用E8培养；S1. Use E8 medium to culture pluripotent stem cells. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches 60-80%, subculture them to a new culture plate at a ratio of 1:3 and continue to culture them in E8 medium.
    S2、当多潜能干细胞融合度达到80%左右，将E8更换为第一培养基，培养6-7天；S2. When the pluripotent stem cell confluence reaches about 80%, replace E8 with the first culture medium and culture for 6-7 days;
    S3、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:5传代到Matrigel包被的孔板，第二天更换为第二培养基，培养6-8天；S3, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:5, replace with the second culture medium the next day, and culture for 6-8 days;
    S4、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1:3传代到 Matrigel 包被的孔板，第二天更换为第三培养基，培养6-8天；S4, digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them to Matrigel-coated well plates at a ratio of 1:3. Change to the third culture medium the next day and culture for 6-8 days.
    S5、使用TrypLE细胞消化液消化细胞并按1.5~4.5*10 4/cm 2传代到PO-Laminin包被的玻片上，第二天更换为第四培养基，培养3-4天，更换为神经元分化培养基，继续培养2-4周可以得到成熟的后脑尾侧血清素神经元； S5. Digest the cells with TrypLE cell digestion solution and subculture them onto PO-Laminin coated glass slides at 1.5-4.5*10 4 /cm 2. Change to the fourth culture medium on the next day, culture for 3-4 days, change to neuronal differentiation medium, and continue to culture for 2-4 weeks to obtain mature hindbrain caudal serotonin neurons.
    其中，in,
    第一培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021；The first culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021;
    第二培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA；The second culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
    第三培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA、FGF4；The third culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
    第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA、FGF4。The fourth culture medium includes: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，其特征在于，所述神经诱导培养基包括DMEM/F12培养基、Neurobasal培养基、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、1 × GlutaMax。A method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells as described in claim 1, characterized in that the neural induction medium comprises DMEM/F12 medium, Neurobasal medium, 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, and 1 × GlutaMax.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，其特征在于，所述神经元分化培养基包括Neurobasal培养基、1 × N2、1 × B27、1 × NEAA、维生素 C、 DAPT、GDNF、BDNF、TGFβ3、IGF1。A method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells as described in claim 1, characterized in that the neuronal differentiation medium comprises Neurobasal medium, 1 × N2, 1 × B27, 1 × NEAA, vitamin C, DAPT, GDNF, BDNF, TGFβ3, and IGF1.
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，其特征在于，神经诱导培养基中，DMEM/F12培养基、Neurobasal培养基的体积比为1:1。The method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of DMEM/F12 medium and Neurobasal medium in the neural induction medium is 1:1.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，其特征在于，所述第二培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（0.4-1）:（0.1-1）。A method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells according to claim 1, characterized in that the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the second culture medium is: (0.4-1): (0.1-1).
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的方法，其特征在于，所述第三培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（1-2）:（0.1-1）。The method for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the third culture medium is: (1-2): (0.1-1).
  7. 一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的成套培养基，其特征在于，包括第一培养基、第二培养基、第三培养基和第四培养基，A complete culture medium for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells, characterized in that it comprises a first culture medium, a second culture medium, a third culture medium and a fourth culture medium,
    所述第一培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021；The first culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, and CHIR99021;
    所述第二培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA；The second culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, and RA;
    所述第三培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、purmorphamine、RA、FGF4；The third culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, purmorphamine, RA, and FGF4;
    所述第四培养基包括：神经诱导培养基、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021、RA、FGF4。The fourth culture medium comprises: neural induction medium, SB431542, DMH1, CHIR99021, RA, and FGF4.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的成套培养基，其特征在于，所述第二培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（0.4-1）:（0.1-1）。A complete culture medium for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the second culture medium is: (0.4-1): (0.1-1).
  9. 如权利要求7所述的一种干细胞分化尾侧血清素神经元的成套培养基，其特征在于，所述第三培养基中purmophamine和RA的摩尔浓度（μM）比为：（1-2）:（0.1-1）。A complete culture medium for differentiating caudal serotonin neurons from stem cells as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the molar concentration (μM) ratio of purmophamine and RA in the third culture medium is: (1-2): (0.1-1).
  10. 权利要求1-6任意一项所述的方法制备的尾侧血清素神经元在体外神经系统相关疾病的机制研究和药物筛选的细胞模型中的应用。Use of the caudal serotonin neurons prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in in vitro cell models for mechanism studies of nervous system-related diseases and drug screening.
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