WO2024065953A1 - 一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法 - Google Patents

一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024065953A1
WO2024065953A1 PCT/CN2022/129941 CN2022129941W WO2024065953A1 WO 2024065953 A1 WO2024065953 A1 WO 2024065953A1 CN 2022129941 W CN2022129941 W CN 2022129941W WO 2024065953 A1 WO2024065953 A1 WO 2024065953A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless
unit
detonator
ignition
energy storage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/129941
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾波
邓松德
刘名兴
陈勇
先明春
陈安春
Original Assignee
四川航天川南火工技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 四川航天川南火工技术有限公司 filed Critical 四川航天川南火工技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024065953A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065953A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-power integrated wireless detonator and a detonation method, and belongs to the field of aerospace explosive device design.
  • the rated power of pyrotechnic batteries currently widely used in launch vehicle systems is several hundred watts or even kilowatts, and the size and weight of special pyrotechnic batteries are relatively large; at the same time, in order to reliably provide power to the initiator, a large number of pyrotechnic detonation cables are laid from the battery to the pyrotechnic. According to statistics, the weight of the special pyrotechnic batteries and cable network of the launch vehicle can reach hundreds of kilograms. These batteries and cables have been in use throughout the entire flight mission, causing a great load burden on the launch vehicle and reducing the carrying capacity of the launch vehicle.
  • the existing launch vehicles do not have high enough accuracy in monitoring the resistance status of electrical pyrotechnics such as detonators. After the entire rocket is assembled, only the path test of the ignition circuit is carried out, and the status of the pyrotechnics is not monitored.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, to provide a low-power integrated wireless detonator and a detonation method, which are applied to spacecraft such as launch vehicles, eliminate the dedicated batteries and cable networks of the pyrotechnic system on the rocket, and realize cable-free control of the detonator.
  • the solution of the present invention is: a low-power integrated wireless detonator, which includes a wireless detonation control module, a terminal detonator, a wireless detonation control module integrated antenna, a wireless integrated MCU unit, a power supply unit, a boost unit, and an energy storage ignition unit;
  • Antennas are used to receive and send wireless signals
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit receives the wireless control command through the antenna according to the preset period and after successful recognition, controls the boost unit and the energy storage ignition unit to perform corresponding actions and feedback status information;
  • the boost unit is used to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit, charge the energy storage ignition unit, and store the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage ignition capacitor;
  • An energy storage ignition unit used to release the electric energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator
  • the terminal detonator after receiving the stimulation of instantaneous discharge current, converts electrical energy into chemical energy and outputs detonation energy.
  • the wireless control instructions include a wake-up instruction, a safety instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction; after receiving the wake-up instruction, the wireless integrated MCU unit switches from a low-power sleep state to a working state, and in the working state:
  • the safety instruction After receiving the safety instruction, it enters the safety state, controls the energy storage ignition unit to open the discharge circuit, makes the voltage of the energy storage ignition capacitor drop to 0, and the boost unit does not work;
  • the combat state is entered, and the ignition parameter binding is completed, wherein the ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time, and at the same time, the boost unit is controlled to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit, and the energy storage ignition unit is charged, and the energy of the power supply unit is stored in the energy storage ignition capacitor;
  • the ignition command After receiving the ignition command, it enters the ignition state and controls the energy storage ignition unit to release the electric energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator;
  • the power supply unit only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit and the antenna; in the working state, the power supply unit also supplies power to the boost unit and the energy storage ignition unit.
  • the boost unit includes a boost controller, a transformer, and a diode D1;
  • the positive pole of the output terminal of the power supply unit is connected to the opposite pole of the primary coil of the transformer, the same pole of the primary coil of the transformer is connected to the negative pole of the output terminal of the power supply unit through the boost controller, the same pole of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the diode D1, the opposite pole is grounded, and the voltage at the output terminal of the diode D1 is the output of the boost unit;
  • the boost controller integrates a switch MOS tube, and the wireless integrated MCU unit outputs a charging boost enable signal.
  • the charging boost enable signal is at a high level
  • the switch MOS tube is controlled to be turned on, and then the primary coil of the transformer is turned on, and the voltage of the power supply unit is boosted and output after passing through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage ignition unit;
  • the charging boost enable signal is at a low level
  • the switch MOS tube is disconnected, the transformer does not work, and the output voltage of the boost unit is 0.
  • the energy storage ignition unit includes an energy storage capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1, a resistor R2, a pressure relief switch transistor Q1, a discharge transistor Q4, a first discharge switch Q2, a second discharge switch Q3, and a field effect transistor driver U1; the terminal detonator realizes detonation by connecting a bridge resistor;
  • a resistor R2 is connected in parallel at both ends of the energy storage capacitor C1, the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in series with one end of the discharge resistor R1, and the other end of the discharge resistor R1 is connected in series with the collector of the discharge switch transistor Q1, the emitter of the discharge switch transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded, and the base of the discharge switch transistor Q1 is connected to the discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit.
  • the discharge control signal is at a high level, the discharge switch transistor Q1 is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge.
  • the discharge switch transistor Q1 when the discharge control signal is at a low level, the discharge switch transistor Q1 is disconnected; the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are both field effect transistors, the source of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1, the drain is connected to one end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit, the gate is connected to the collector of the discharge transistor Q4, and the discharge transistor The base of Q4 is connected to the first discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit.
  • the first discharge control signal is at a high level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned on to connect the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor to one end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit.
  • the first discharge switch Q2 When the ignition signal is at a low level, the first discharge switch Q2 is disconnected; the source of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded, and the drain is connected to the other end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit resistor.
  • the gate of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the field effect transistor driver U1.
  • the field effect transistor driver U1 connects the second discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit to the second discharge switch Q3.
  • the second discharge switch Q3 When the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned on to connect the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor to the terminal detonator bridge circuit; when the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is closed.
  • the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor C1 is not less than 100uF.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit (including a wireless SoC radio frequency chip and a data storage device;
  • the data storage device stores a unique ID address, product information, and life status information.
  • the product information includes the product status, the voltage of the energy storage ignition capacitor, and the bound ignition delay parameters.
  • the life status information includes the lithium battery voltage and the number of times the product enters the combat state.
  • the wireless SoC radio frequency chip performs wireless communication encoding and decoding on the received wireless signal to obtain a wireless control instruction, wherein the wireless control instruction includes a wake-up instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction; the wireless control instruction includes an ID address, and the wireless SoC radio frequency chip extracts the ID address in the wireless control instruction, compares it with the ID address stored in the data storage device, and executes the corresponding instruction when the ID address matches successfully;
  • the control power supply unit After receiving the sleep command, the control power supply unit only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit, so that the wireless integrated MCU unit enters a low power consumption mode, receives wireless signals through the antenna according to a preset period, and enters a working state only when receiving a wake-up command, otherwise it remains in a sleep state;
  • the device When receiving a safety instruction, the device enters a safety state, controls the discharge control signal to be high level, and controls the first discharge control signal, the second discharge control signal, and the charge boost enable signal to be low level;
  • the combat state is entered, and the discharge control signal, the first discharge control signal, and the second discharge control signal are all controlled to be low level;
  • the ignition state When receiving the ignition command, the ignition state is entered, the discharge control signal is controlled to be low level, and the first discharge control signal and the second discharge control signal are output to be high level, so as to realize the conduction of the discharge circuit formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal detonator, and finally complete the discharge detonation.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit when it receives the ignition instruction, after delaying for a first preset time according to the bound ignition delay parameters, it first outputs the second discharge control signal as a high level, waits for a period of time, and then outputs the first discharge control signal as a high level.
  • the above-mentioned low-power integrated wireless detonator further comprises an internal resistance detection unit, the internal resistance detection unit is used to collect and detect the bridge resistance of the terminal detonator, and the internal resistance detection unit (36) comprises a detection switch, a first current limiting resistor, a reference resistor, a second current limiting resistor, and a differential AD sampling unit;
  • One end of the detection switch is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the first current limiting resistor.
  • the first current limiting resistor, the bridge resistor of the detection terminal detonator, the reference resistor, and the second current limiting resistor are connected in series;
  • the differential AD sampling unit collects the voltage across the bridge resistor of the terminal detonator and the voltage across the reference resistor, and sends them to the wireless detonation control module;
  • the wireless detonation control module compares the voltage across the bridge resistor of the terminal detonator with the voltage across the reference resistor to obtain the bridge resistor value of the terminal detonator.
  • the above-mentioned low-power integrated wireless detonator also includes an antenna window cover and a shell; the antenna window cover and the terminal detonator are installed at both ends of the shell to form a sealed cavity with the shell, and the wireless detonation control modules are all encapsulated inside the sealed cavity.
  • the physical interface of the antenna window cover adopts a threaded design
  • the shell is the outer shell of the low-power integrated wireless detonator, which is a tubular structure of metal stainless steel material, and is fixed to the antenna window cover by a threaded connection, and is fixed to the contact part with the terminal detonator by laser welding.
  • the inside of the shell is a wireless detonating control module, and an O-ring is sealed at the threaded connection between one end of the shell and the antenna window cover, and the other end is sealed after laser welding with the terminal detonator.
  • the antenna uses a 2.45 GHz ceramic antenna with an impedance matching of 50 ⁇ and an omnidirectional radiation direction.
  • Another technical solution of the present invention is: a low-power integrated wireless detonation method, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit When initially powered on, the wireless integrated MCU unit receives wireless control instructions through the antenna according to a preset period;
  • the ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time, and control the boost unit to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit, and charge the energy storage ignition unit to store the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage ignition capacitor;
  • step S6 After receiving the sleep instruction, the power supply unit is controlled to supply power only to the wireless integrated MCU unit and the antenna, and the wireless detonation control module returns to the low-power sleep state and starts again from step S2.
  • the present invention dynamically controls the working state of the wireless detonation control module through wireless signals.
  • the module works at low power consumption.
  • the module charges the energy storage ignition unit and stores the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage ignition capacitor.
  • the module releases the electric energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator to complete the detonation.
  • the bridge resistance of the detonator can be accurately detected online at any time, and the measurement error is less than 0.1 ⁇ .
  • the built-in wireless detonation control module of the present invention adopts an integrated and miniaturized design, integrating the antenna, lithium battery, wireless integrated MCU unit, energy storage ignition unit, internal resistance detection unit and other circuits.
  • the volume of the wireless detonator is basically equivalent to that of the existing detonator, and can be widely used in aerospace systems such as existing launch vehicles to support the intelligent upgrading of spacecraft.
  • FIG1 is a low-power integrated wireless detonator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a low-power integrated wireless detonator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG3 is a working principle diagram of a low-power integrated wireless detonator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a low-power integrated wireless detonator boost unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage ignition unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an internal resistance detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG1 is an external view of a low-function integrated wireless detonator of the present invention
  • FIG2 is an internal structure view of a low-function integrated wireless detonator of the present invention
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a low-function integrated wireless detonator of the present invention.
  • a low-power integrated wireless detonator provided by the present invention includes: an antenna window cover 1, a housing 2, a wireless detonation control module 3, and a terminal detonator 4.
  • the wireless detonation control module 3 integrates an antenna 31, a power supply unit 32, a wireless integrated MCU unit 33, a boost unit 34, an energy storage ignition unit 35, and an internal resistance detection unit 36.
  • the wireless detonation control module 3 When powered on initially, the wireless detonation control module 3 is in a low-power sleep state, and the power supply unit 32 only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit 33.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 receives the wireless control command through the antenna 31 according to a preset period and after successful recognition, completes the corresponding action and feeds back status information.
  • the wireless control command includes a wake-up command, a safety command, a combat command, an ignition command, and a sleep command;
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the power supply unit 32 to supply power to the boost unit 34 and the energy storage ignition unit 35, and the wireless detonation control module 3 switches from the low-power sleep state to the working state.
  • the working state In the working state:
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the energy storage ignition unit 35 to open the discharge circuit, so that the voltage of the energy storage ignition capacitor drops to 0, and the boost unit does not work;
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 completes the binding of the ignition parameters, the ignition parameters including the ignition delay time, and controls the boost unit 34 to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit 32, and charges the energy storage ignition unit 35, stores the energy of the power supply unit 32 in the energy storage ignition capacitor, and controls the internal resistance detection unit 36 to stop working;
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the energy storage ignition unit 34 to release the electric energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator 4.
  • the electric energy is converted into chemical energy and the detonation energy is output;
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the power supply unit 32 to only supply power to the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 and the antenna 31, and other units are not working (no energy consumption), and the wireless detonation control module 3 returns to the low-power sleep state.
  • the total power consumption is only 0.4uA at this time.
  • the terminal detonator is the same as the traditional electric detonator. It is filled with energetic materials and has a metal shell. It can complete the detonation function after receiving electrical energy (high current) stimulation.
  • the antenna window cover 1 of the low-power integrated wireless detonator is the window for the wireless detonation control module to transmit wireless signals.
  • the antenna of the wireless detonation control module 3 transmits wireless signals, which are all transmitted to the upper control system through the antenna window cover 1.
  • the antenna window cover is designed with transparent non-metallic materials, generally polycarbonate, organic glass rods, etc., which is convenient for reliable transmission of wireless signals (electromagnetic waves) when passing through.
  • the physical interface of the antenna window cover adopts a threaded design, and is connected and fixed to the shell of the wireless detonator through threads.
  • the antenna window cover 1 and the terminal detonator 4 are installed at both ends of the shell 2 to form a sealed cavity with the shell 2, and the wireless detonation control module 3 is encapsulated inside the sealed cavity.
  • the physical interface of the antenna window cover adopts a threaded design.
  • the shell is the outer shell of the low-power integrated wireless detonator, which is a tubular structure of metal stainless steel material. It is fixed to the antenna window cover by a threaded connection, and is fixed to the contact part with the terminal detonator by laser welding.
  • the inside of the shell is a wireless detonator control module.
  • the antenna has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption.
  • a 2.45GHz ceramic antenna is selected, the impedance matching is 50 ⁇ , and the radiation direction is omnidirectional; the size is 4 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 (mm), and the antenna is welded on the circuit board of the wireless detonation control module 3.
  • the power supply unit is the only energy source for the wireless detonator, providing electrical energy for control and ignition.
  • the power supply unit consists of a battery holder, a lithium battery, and a voltage stabilizing circuit.
  • the battery holder is welded on the circuit board of the wireless detonation control module.
  • the lithium battery uses a small-volume LIR1254 button battery, which is fixed on the circuit board through the battery holder and provides electrical energy to other units of the wireless detonation control module through the voltage stabilizing circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit stabilizes the voltage of the lithium battery at a preset voltage value and then outputs it.
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit stabilizes the voltage of the battery at 3.3V.
  • the boost unit 34 is composed of a boost controller, a transformer, a diode D1, etc.
  • the positive pole of the power supply unit output end is connected to the opposite pole end of the transformer primary coil, the same pole end of the transformer primary coil is connected to the negative pole of the power supply unit output end through the boost controller, the same pole end of the transformer secondary coil is connected to the diode D1, and the opposite pole end is grounded.
  • the voltage at the output end of the diode D1 is the output of the boost unit.
  • the boost controller integrates a switch MOS tube and an output voltage feedback circuit.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit outputs a charging boost enable signal.
  • the charging boost enable signal is at a high level
  • the switch MOS tube is controlled to be turned on, and then the primary coil of the transformer is turned on.
  • the voltage of the power supply unit is boosted and output after passing through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage ignition unit.
  • the charging boost enable signal is at a low level, the switch MOS tube is disconnected, the transformer does not work, and the output voltage of the boost unit is 0.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit controls the boost controller so that the (2.8-4.0)V voltage of the lithium battery is boosted to (15-16)V after passing through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage ignition unit.
  • the energy storage ignition unit 35 mainly comprises an energy storage capacitor C1, a pressure relief resistor R1, a resistor R2, a pressure relief switch transistor Q1, a discharge transistor Q4, a first discharge switch Q2, a second discharge switch Q3, and a field effect transistor driver U1;
  • the terminal detonator (4) is a semiconductor bridge or bridge belt type electric ignition device, and detonation is achieved by connecting the bridge resistor;
  • the two ends of the energy storage capacitor C1 are connected in parallel with a resistor R2, the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in series with one end of the discharge resistor R1, the other end of the discharge resistor R1 is connected in series with the collector of the discharge switch transistor Q1, the emitter of the discharge switch transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded, the base of the discharge switch transistor Q1 is connected to the discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit, when the discharge control signal is high, the discharge switch transistor Q1 is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge, otherwise, when the discharge control signal is low, the discharge switch transistor Q1 Disconnect; the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are both field effect tubes, the source of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1, the drain is connected to one end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit, the gate is connected to the collector of the discharge transistor Q4, and the base of the discharge transistor Q4 is connected to the first
  • the first discharge switch Q2 When the first discharge control signal is high, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned on to connect the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor to one end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit. When the ignition signal is low, the first discharge switch Q2 is disconnected; the second discharge switch Q3 The source is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded, the drain is connected to the other end of the terminal detonator bridge resistor, the gate of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the field effect transistor driver U1, and the field effect transistor driver U1 connects the second discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit to the second discharge switch Q3.
  • the second discharge switch Q3 When the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned on to achieve conduction between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor and the terminal detonator bridge; when the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned off.
  • the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge;
  • the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are both field effect transistors, wherein the first discharge switch Q2 controls the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 to be turned on by the terminal detonator bridge resistor, the source of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1, the drain is connected to one end of the terminal detonator bridge, and the gate is connected to the collector of the discharge transistor Q4.
  • the base of the discharge transistor Q4 receives a high level output by the wireless integrated MCU unit, the first discharge switch is turned on.
  • the second discharge switch Q3 controls the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 to be connected to the terminal detonator, the source of the field effect tube is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded, the drain is connected to the other end of the terminal detonator bridge resistor, the gate of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the driver, and when the driver receives the high level of the wireless integrated MCU unit, the second discharge switch Q3 is instantly opened to realize the connection between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor and the terminal detonator bridge circuit, thereby realizing the connection of the discharge circuit formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal detonator, and finally completing the discharge detonation.
  • the energy storage capacitor has a capacitance of no less than 100uF.
  • the detonator receives a control command to charge
  • the energy storage capacitor receives the energy of the lithium battery through the transformer and charges. After the energy storage capacitor is charged, it waits for the detonation signal from the superior control system. If the detonation signal is received, the energy of the energy storage capacitor is instantly released to the terminal detonator through the discharge switch. Otherwise, the energy is released to the pressure relief resistor through the pressure relief switch transistor.
  • the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are opened in sequence 2ms before detonation and at the detonation moment.
  • the internal resistance detection unit is used to detect the bridge resistance of the terminal detonator 4.
  • the detection frequency is once every 100 ms.
  • the internal resistance detection unit of the present invention uses a resistor voltage division and differential acquisition method to accurately detect the bridge resistance of the terminal detonator.
  • the internal resistance detection unit 36 includes a detection switch, a first current limiting resistor, a reference resistor, a second current limiting resistor, and a differential AD sampling unit;
  • One end of the detection switch is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the first current limiting resistor, and the first current limiting resistor, the bridge resistor of the detection terminal detonator, the reference resistor, and the second current limiting resistor are connected in series;
  • the differential AD sampling unit collects the voltage across the bridge resistor of the terminal detonator (the voltage difference between voltage 1 and voltage 2 in the figure) and the voltage across the reference resistor (the voltage difference between voltage 2 and voltage 3 in the figure), and sends them to the wireless detonation control module 3;
  • the wireless detonation control module 3 compares the voltage across the bridge resistor of the terminal detonator with the voltage across the reference resistor to obtain the bridge resistor value of the terminal detonator.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit controls the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch to be closed, the detection switch is turned on, and the 3.3V voltage flows through the first current limiting resistor, the terminal detonator, the reference resistor, and the second current limiting resistor, forming a voltage difference between the two ends of the terminal detonator and the two ends of the reference resistor.
  • the two differential voltages are sent to the differential ADC for acquisition, and the two are compared to obtain the accurate terminal detonator bridge resistance value.
  • the reference resistor is a 1 ⁇ resistor, and its accuracy is not greater than 0.5%.
  • the current limiting resistor can ensure that the current flowing through the terminal detonator is less than 10mA.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit is the control center of the wireless detonator.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 contains a wireless SoC radio frequency chip and a data storage device;
  • the data storage device stores a unique ID address, product information, and life status information.
  • the product information includes the product status, the voltage of the energy storage ignition capacitor, and the bound ignition delay parameters.
  • the life status information includes the lithium battery voltage and the number of times the product enters the combat state.
  • the wireless SoC radio frequency chip performs wireless communication encoding and decoding on the received wireless signal to obtain a wireless control instruction, wherein the wireless control instruction includes a wake-up instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction; the wireless control instruction includes an ID address, and the wireless SoC radio frequency chip extracts the ID address in the wireless control instruction, compares it with the ID address stored in the data storage device, and executes the corresponding instruction when the ID address matches successfully;
  • the control power supply unit After receiving the sleep command, the control power supply unit only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit, so that the wireless integrated MCU unit enters a low power consumption mode, receives wireless signals through the antenna according to a preset cycle, and enters a working state only when receiving a wake-up command, otherwise it remains in a sleep state;
  • the device When receiving a safety instruction, the device enters a safety state, controls the discharge control signal to be high level, and controls the first discharge control signal, the second discharge control signal, and the charge boost enable signal to be low level;
  • the combat state is entered, and the discharge control signal, the first discharge control signal, and the second discharge control signal are all controlled to be low level;
  • the ignition state When receiving the ignition command, the ignition state is entered, the discharge control signal is controlled to be low level, and the first discharge control signal and the second discharge control signal are output to be high level, so as to realize the conduction of the discharge circuit formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal detonator, and finally complete the discharge detonation.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit When the wireless integrated MCU unit receives the ignition command, it delays for a first preset time according to the bound ignition delay parameters, outputs the second discharge control signal as a high level, waits for a period of time (eg, 2ms), and then outputs the first discharge control signal as a high level.
  • a period of time eg, 2ms
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit uses a mature 2.4GHz wireless SoC RF chip, which integrates a single-chip microcomputer and RF functions and supports a basic frequency band of 2.400GHz to 2.4835GHz.
  • the wireless integrated MCU unit has integrated storage units such as RAM and FLASH, and integrates a high-precision clock.
  • Each wireless detonator completes data information exchange with the superior through the antenna and wireless integrated MCU unit (receives control instructions from the superior and feeds back its own status information), receives and parses instructions from the superior control system, and completes information exchange, status conversion, ignition and other functions when the ID address matches successfully; performs charging and boosting actions according to the charging and boosting enable instructions of the wireless integrated MCU unit, converts the (2.8 ⁇ 4.0)V voltage of the low-power lithium battery into a (15 ⁇ 16)V voltage, and completes energy storage. After receiving the ignition instruction, the energy storage ignition unit 35 discharges the terminal detonator 4 to complete the detonation function.
  • the terminal detonator has the characteristics of low-energy ignition. It is generally a semiconductor bridge-type or bridge-belt-type electric ignition device. It has a bridge resistor of about 1 ⁇ and is filled with explosives.
  • the energy storage capacitor of the energy storage ignition unit inside the wireless detonation control module discharges to form a large current. After the large current passes through the 1 ⁇ bridge resistor, an electric explosion is generated, which further ignites the explosives.
  • the reliability of the energy storage capacitor discharging to cause the 1 ⁇ bridge resistor to produce an electric explosion is at least 99.9% (confidence level 0.95).
  • the low-power integrated wireless detonator adopts an extremely low-power design mode, and its state is set to two states: sleep and working.
  • sleep state except for the normal operation of wireless communication, the rest of the circuits do not work, and the wireless communication searches for the wireless signal of the superior control system through the antenna for a period of more than 10 seconds. If no superior wake-up command is found, the wireless detonator is always in the sleep state. The lithium battery energy can ensure that the wireless detonator remains in the sleep state for more than 4 years. If a wake-up command is received from the superior control system in the sleep state, the wireless detonator enters the working state and initializes all circuits.
  • the wireless detonator has a built-in wireless detonation control module (including lithium battery and antenna), and the detonator is controlled without cable by built-in battery, antenna and wireless detonation control module.
  • the low-power lithium battery detonation terminal detonator is realized by built-in boost unit and energy storage ignition unit.
  • the wireless detonator realizes cable-free control and has functions such as status monitoring, extension and wireless communication. It can usually be realized by low-power wireless communication methods such as 2.4G, Bluetooth and ZigBee.
  • the wireless detonator adopts an extremely low-power workflow design, and has a life of 4 years after the arrow assembly.
  • the launch vehicle is ready to be launched within half a year or even within 1 month after the assembly.
  • the wireless detonator can meet the life requirements of the rocket after the assembly. For other longer life requirements, the battery needs to be replaced.
  • the present invention realizes the cable-free and information-based control of the detonator.
  • the detonator has functions such as autonomous power supply, online status self-checking, wireless communication, etc., which can reduce hundreds of kilograms of batteries and cable networks on the arrow, greatly improving the carrying capacity of the launch vehicle.
  • the present invention adopts an integrated design of built-in lithium battery, antenna, and wireless detonation control module, which can realize the detonation of the detonator in a cable-free manner. Based on the extremely low power consumption design, it has a service life of at least 4 years without replacing the battery, which meets the full cycle life requirement of the carrier rocket launch. At the same time, it can meet various flexible intelligent control needs, improve the carrying capacity of the carrier rocket by hundreds of kilograms, and provide strong support for the intelligent carrier rocket technology.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法，该无线起爆器内置无线起爆控制模块(含锂电池、天线)，通过内置电池、天线和无线起爆控制模块实现起爆器无缆化控制，通过内置的升压单元和储能发火单元实现低功率锂电池引爆终端起爆器，该无线起爆器可满足火箭总装后发射的寿命要求，针对其他更长的寿命需求，则需更换电池。本发明实现了起爆器的无缆化和信息化控制，起爆器具备自主供电、在线状态自检、无线通信等功能，可减少箭上数百公斤的电池和电缆网，极大地提升了运载火箭的运载能力。

Description

一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法
本申请要求于2022年9月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211215814.8、发明名称为“一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法，属于航天火工品设计领域。
背景技术
传统的起爆器作为运载火箭等航天器的初始火工元件，通过箭上的电缆网接收上级控制系统的供电能量后，产生爆轰能量，完成起爆等功能。通常情况下，在整个运载火箭系统设计时，为了保证可靠引爆起爆器，配备有电缆和专用的大功率火工品电池，为起爆器提供传输线路和大功率电能。目前广泛应用于运载火箭系统的火工品电池额定功率均为几百瓦甚至上千瓦，专用的火工品电池体积和重量都比较大；同时为可靠给起爆器提供电能，从电池到火工品铺设了大量的火工品起爆电缆，据统计，运载火箭的专用火工品电池和电缆网的重量能达到上百公斤。这些电池和电缆一直处于整个飞行任务期间，给运载火箭造成了很大的载荷负担，降低了运载火箭的运载能力。
另外，现有的运载火箭对于起爆器这类电火工品的电阻状态监测精度不够高，整箭总装完成后只对发火回路进行通路测试，并没有对火工品的进行状态监测。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法，应用于运载火箭等航天器，取消箭上火工系统专用电池和电缆网，实现起爆器的无缆化控制。
本发明解决技术的方案是：一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，该无线起爆器 包括无线起爆控制模块、终端起爆器，无线起爆控制模块集成天线、无线集成MCU单元、电源单元、升压单元、储能发火单元；
天线用于接收和发送无线信号；
无线集成MCU单元，通过天线按照预设周期接收无线控制指令并识别成功后，控制升压单元、储能发火单元执行相应动作并反馈状态信息；
升压单元，用于将电源单元输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元充电，将电源单元能量储存到储能发火电容；
储能发火单元，用于将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器；
终端起爆器，接收瞬间放电电流刺激后，电能转化为化学能，输出爆轰能量。
优选地，所述无线控制指令包括唤醒指令、安全指令、战斗指令、点火指令、休眠指令；无线集成MCU单元收到唤醒指令后，从低功耗休眠状态切换到工作状态，工作状态下：
收到安全指令后，进入安全状态，控制储能发火单元打开泄放回路，使储能发火电容的电压降为0，升压单元不工作；
收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，完成发火参数装订，所述发火参数包括点火延迟时间，同时控制升压单元将电源单元输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元充电，将电源单元能量储存到储能发火电容；
收到点火指令之后，进入点火状态，控制储能发火单元将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器；
收到休眠指令之后，回到低功耗休眠状态下。
优选地，低功耗休眠状态下，电源单元仅为无线集成MCU单元和天线供电，工作状态下，电源单元还为升压单元、储能发火单元供电。
优选地，所述升压单元包括升压控制器、变压器、二极管D1；
电源单元输出端正极连接变压器初级线圈的异名端，变压器初级线圈的同名端通过升压控制器连接电源单元输出端负极，变压器次级线圈同名端连接二 极管D1，异名端接地，二极管D1输出端的电压为升压单元的输出；
升压控制器集成了开关MOS管，无线集成MCU单元输出充电升压使能信号，当充电升压使能信号为高电平时，控制该开关MOS管的导通，进而变压器初级线圈导通，电源单元的电压经过变压器后升压输出，为储能发火单元中的储能电容充电；当充电升压使能信号为低电平时，开关MOS管断开，变压器不工作，升压单元输出电压为0。
优选地，所述储能发火单元包括含储能电容C1、泄放电阻R1、电阻R2、泄压开关三极管Q1、放电三极管Q4、第一放电开关Q2、第二放电开关Q3、场效应管驱动器U1；终端起爆器通过接通桥式电阻，实现起爆；
储能电容C1的两端并联有电阻R2，储能电容C1的正极串联泄放电阻R1的一端，泄放电阻R1的另一端串联泄放开关三极管Q1的集电极，泄放开关三极管Q1的发射级与储能电容C1的负极相连并接地，泄放开关三极管Q1的基极连接无线集成MCU单元输出的泄放控制信号，当泄放控制信号为高电平时，将泄放开关三极管Q1导通，储能电容完成能量泄放，否则，当泄放控制信号为低电平时，泄放开关三极管Q1断开；第一放电开关Q2和第二放电开关Q3均为场效应管，第一放电开关Q2的源极与储能电容C1正极并联，漏极与终端起爆器桥路一端相连，栅极与放电三极管Q4的集电极相连，放电三极管Q4的基极连接无线集成MCU单元输出的第一放电控制信号，第一放电控制信号为高电平时，打开第一放电开关Q2，使储能电容正极与终端起爆器桥路一端导通，点火信号为低电平时，第一放电开关Q2断开；第二放电开关Q3的源极与储能电容C1负极相连并接地，漏极与终端起爆器桥路电阻的另一端相连，第二放电开关Q3的栅极连接场效应管驱动器U1，场效应管驱动器U1将无线集成MCU单元输出的第二放电控制信号连接至第二放电开关Q3，当第二放电控制信号为高电平时，打开第二放电开关Q3，实现储能电容负极与终端起爆器桥路导通；当第二放电控制信号为高电平时，关闭第二放电开关Q3。
优选地，所述储能电容C1的容值不小于100uF。
优选地，所述无线集成MCU单元(内含无线SoC射频芯片、数据存储器；
数据存储器中存储唯一的ID地址、产品信息、寿命状态信息，产品信息包含产品所处的状态、储能发火电容的电压、装订的点火延时参数，寿命状态信息包含锂电池电压、进入战斗状态的次数；
无线SoC射频芯片，对接收到的无线信号进行无线通信编解码，得到无线控制指令，所述无线控制指令包括唤醒指令、战斗指令、点火指令、休眠指令；无线控制指令中包括ID地址，无线SoC射频芯片提取无线控制指令中的ID地址，将其与数据存储器中存储的ID地址对比，当ID地址匹配成功后，执行相应的指令；
收到休眠指令后，控制电源单元只给无线集成MCU单元供电，使得无线集成MCU单元进入低功耗模式，按照预设的周期通过天线接收无线信号，只有接收到唤醒指令时才进入工作状态，否则一直处于休眠状态；
收到安全指令时，进入安全状态，控制泄放控制信号为高电平，控制第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号、控制充电升压使能信号为低电平；
收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，控制泄放控制信号、第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号均为低电平；
收到点火指令时，进入点火状态，控制泄放控制信号为低电平，输出第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号为高电平，从而实现储能电容与终端起爆器形成的放电回路导通，最终完成放电起爆。
优选地，当无线集成MCU单元收到点火指令时，按照装订的点火延时参数延时第一预设时间之后，先输出第二放电控制信号为高电平、等待一段时间之后，再输出第一放电控制信号为高电平。
优选地，上述低功耗集成化无线起爆器还包括内阻检测单元，内阻检测单元用于采集检测终端起爆器的桥路电阻，所述内阻检测单元(36)包括检测开关、第一限流电阻、参考电阻、第二限流电阻、差分AD采样单元；
检测开关的一端连接电源，另一端连接第一限流电阻，第一限流电阻、检 测终端起爆器的桥路电阻、参考电阻、第二限流电阻串联；
差分AD采样单元，采集终端起爆器的桥路电阻两端的电压和参考电阻两端的电压，发送给无线起爆控制模块；
无线起爆控制模块，对比终端起爆器的桥路电阻两端的电压和参考电阻两端的电压得到终端起爆器的桥路电阻阻值，
优选地，上述低功耗集成化无线起爆器还包括天线窗口盖、壳体；天线窗口盖和终端起爆器安装在壳体两端，与壳体形成一个密封性腔体，无线起爆控制模块均封装在密封腔体内部。
优选地，所述天线窗口盖的物理接口采用螺纹设计，壳体为低功耗集成化无线起爆器的外壳，其为金属不锈钢材料的管状结构，与天线窗口盖通过螺纹连接实现固定，与终端起爆器接触部位通过激光焊接实现固定，壳体内部为无线起爆控制模块，壳体一端与天线窗口盖螺纹连接处有O形圈密封，另一端与终端起爆器激光焊接后实现密封。
优选地，所述天线选用了2.45GHz的陶瓷天线，阻抗匹配为50Ω，辐射方向为全向。
本发明的另一个技术方案是：一种低功耗集成化无线起爆方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
S1、初始上电时，无线集成MCU单元通过天线按照预设周期接收无线控制指令；
S2、无线集成MCU单元收到唤醒指令并识别成功后，从低功耗休眠状态切换到工作状态，在工作状态下，执行步骤S3～步骤S6；
S3、收到安全指令后，进入安全状态，控制储能发火单元打开泄放回路，使储能发火电容的电压降为0，升压单元不工作；
S4、收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，完成发火参数装订，所述发火参数包括点火延迟时间，同时控制升压单元将电源单元输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元充电，将电源单元能量储存到储能发火电容；
S5、收到点火指令之后，进入点火状态，控制储能发火单元将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器，终端起爆器接收瞬间放电电流刺激后，电能转化为化学能，输出爆轰能量；
S6、收到休眠指令之后，控制电源单元仅为无线集成MCU单元和天线供电，无线起爆控制模块回到低功耗休眠状态下，重新从步骤S2开始执行。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：
(1)、本发明通过无线信号，动态控制无线起爆控制模块的工作状态，休眠状态下低功耗工作，工作状态下，为储能发火单元充电，将电源单元能量储存到储能发火电容，在指令控制下，将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器，完成起爆，实现了起爆器的无缆化控制，简化了运载火箭的控制系统电缆网设计，可取消箭上火工系统专用电池和电缆网，实现运载火箭数百公斤运载能力的提升。
(2)、本发明由于内置了高精度的内阻检测电路，可在任何时刻精确在线检测起爆器的桥路电阻，测量误差小于0.1Ω。
(3)、本发明内置的无线起爆控制模块采用了集成化、小型化设计，把天线、锂电池、无线集成MCU单元、储能发火单元、内阻检测单元等电路集成在一起，该无线起爆器体积基本与现有的起爆器体积相当，可广泛应用现役运载火箭等航天系统，支撑航天器智能化升级换代。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的低功耗集成化无线起爆器；
图2为本发明实施例的低功耗集成化无线起爆器内部结构剖面图；
图3为本发明实施例的低功耗集成化无线起爆器工作原理图；
图4为本发明实施例的低功耗集成化无线起爆器升压单元原理图；
图5为本发明实施例的储能发火单元原理图；
图6为本发明实施例的内阻检测单元原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
图1为本发明的低功能集成化无线起爆器外形图，图2为本发明的低功能集成化无线起爆器内部结构图，图3为本发明的低功能集成化无线起爆器原理图。
如图1和图2所示，本发明提供的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器包括：天线窗口盖1、壳体2、无线起爆控制模块3、终端起爆器4。无线起爆控制模块3集成天线31、电源单元32、无线集成MCU单元33、升压单元34、储能发火单元35、内阻检测单元36。
初始上电时，无线起爆控制模块3处于低功耗休眠状态下，电源单元32仅为无线集成MCU单元33供电，无线集成MCU单元33，通过天线31按照预设周期接收无线控制指令并识别成功后，完成相应动作并反馈状态信息，所述无线控制指令包括唤醒指令、安全指令、战斗指令、点火指令、休眠指令；
收到唤醒指令后，无线集成MCU单元33控制电源单元32为升压单元34、储能发火单元35供电，无线起爆控制模块3从低功耗休眠状态切换到工作状态，工作状态下：
收到安全指令后，进入安全状态，无线集成MCU单元33控制储能发火单元35打开泄放回路，使储能发火电容的电压降为0，升压单元不工作；
收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，无线集成MCU单元33完成发火参数装订，所述发火参数包括点火延迟时间，同时控制升压单元34将电源单元32输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元35充电，将电源单元32能量储存到储能发火电容，同时控制内阻检测单元36停止工作；
收到点火指令之后，进入点火状态，无线集成MCU单元33控制储能发火单元34将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器4，终端起爆器4接收瞬间放电电流刺激后，电能转化为化学能，输出爆轰能量；
收到休眠指令之后，无线集成MCU单元33控制电源单元32仅为无线集成MCU单元33和天线31供电，其他单元均未工作(不耗能)，无线起爆控制 模块3回到低功耗休眠状态下。本发明某一具体实施例中，此时总功耗仅为0.4uA。
终端起爆器与传统的电起爆器相同，内部装有含能材料、外壳为金属材料设计，接收电能(大电流)刺激后可完成起爆功能。
低功耗集成化无线起爆器的天线窗口盖1是无线起爆控制模块发射无线信号的窗口，无线起爆控制模块3的天线发射无线信号，均通过天线窗口盖1传播到上级控制系统。该天线窗口盖为透明的非金属材料设计，一般采用聚碳酸酯、有机玻璃棒等，便于无线信号(电磁波)穿过时可靠传输。天线窗口盖的物理接口采用螺纹设计，与无线起爆器的壳体通过螺纹进行连接和固定。
天线窗口盖1和终端起爆器4安装在壳体2两端，与壳体2形成一个密封性腔体，无线起爆控制模块3均封装在密封腔体内部。
天线窗口盖的物理接口采用螺纹设计，所述壳体为低功耗集成化无线起爆器的外壳，为金属不锈钢材料的管状结构，与天线窗口盖通过螺纹连接实现固定，与终端起爆器接触部位通过激光焊接实现固定，壳体内部为无线起爆控制模块，壳体一端与天线窗口盖螺纹连接处有O形圈密封，另一端与终端起爆器激光焊接后实现密封，这样壳体内部形成一个密封性整体，对内部集成的无线起爆控制模块等电路起密封保护作用。
所述天线具有小体积低功耗特点，本发明某一具体实施例中选用了2.45GHz的陶瓷天线，阻抗匹配为50Ω，辐射方向为全向；尺寸为4×2×2(mm)，天线焊接在无线起爆控制模块3的电路板上。
所述电源单元为无线起爆器唯一的能量来源，给控制和发火提供电能。所述电源单元由电池座、锂电池、稳压电路组成，电池座焊接在无线起爆控制模块的电路板上，锂电池选用小体积的LIR1254纽扣电池，通过电池座固定在电路板上，并通过稳压电路向无线起爆控制模块的其他单元提供电能；稳压电路将锂电池的电压稳定在预设的电压值之后输出。本发明某一具体实施例中，稳压电路将电池的电压稳定在3.3V。
所述升压单元34，由升压控制器、变压器、二极管D1等组成，电源单元输出端正极连接变压器初级线圈的异名端，变压器初级线圈的同名端通过升压控制器连接电源单元输出端负极，变压器次级线圈同名端连接二极管D1，异名端接地，二极管D1输出端的电压为升压单元的输出。
升压控制器集成了开关MOS管和输出电压反馈电路，无线集成MCU单元输出充电升压使能信号，当充电升压使能信号为高电平时，控制该开关MOS管的导通，进而变压器初级线圈导通，电源单元的电压经过变压器后升压输出，为储能发火单元中的储能电容充电；当充电升压使能信号为低电平时，开关MOS管断开，变压器不工作，升压单元输出电压为0。本发明某一具体实施例中，无线集成MCU单元通过控制升压控制器，使得锂电池的(2.8～4.0)V电压经过变压器后升压至(15～16)V，为储能发火单元中的储能电容充电。
如图5所示，所述储能发火单元35，主要包含储能电容C1、泄压电阻R1、电阻R2、泄压开关三极管Q1、放电三极管Q4、第一放电开关Q2、第二放电开关Q3、场效应管驱动器U1；终端起爆器(4)为半导体桥式或者桥带式电火工品，通过接通桥式电阻，实现起爆；
储能电容C1的两端并联有电阻R2，储能电容C1的正极串联泄放电阻R1的一端，泄放电阻R1的另一端串联泄放开关三极管Q1的集电极，泄放开关三极管Q1的发射级与储能电容C1的负极相连并接地，泄放开关三极管Q1的基极连接无线集成MCU单元输出的泄放控制信号，当泄放控制信号为高电平时，将泄放开关三极管Q1导通，储能电容完成能量泄放，否则，当泄放控制信号为低电平时，泄放开关三极管Q1断开；第一放电开关Q2和第二放电开关Q3均为场效应管，第一放电开关Q2的源极与储能电容C1正极并联，漏极与终端起爆器桥路一端相连，栅极与放电三极管Q4的集电极相连，放电三极管Q4的基极连接无线集成MCU单元输出的第一放电控制信号，第一放电控制信号为高电平时，打开第一放电开关Q2，使储能电容正极与终端起爆器桥路一端导通，点火信号为低电平时，第一放电开关Q2断开；第二放电开关Q3 的源极与储能电容C1负极相连并接地，漏极与终端起爆器桥路电阻的另一端相连，第二放电开关Q3的栅极连接场效应管驱动器U1，场效应管驱动器U1将无线集成MCU单元输出的第二放电控制信号连接至第二放电开关Q3，当第二放电控制信号为高电平时，打开第二放电开关Q3，实现储能电容负极与终端起爆器桥路导通；当第二放电控制信号为高电平时，关闭第二放电开关Q3。
泄放开关三极管Q1的基极接收无线集成MCU单元输出的高电平时，储能电容完成能量泄放；第一放电开关Q2和第二放电开关Q3均为场效应管，其中第一放电开关Q2控制储能电容C1正极与终端起爆器桥路电阻导通，第一放电开关Q2的源极与储能电容C1正极并联，漏极与终端起爆器桥路一端相连，栅极与放电三极管Q4的集电极相连，放电三极管Q4的基极接收无线集成MCU单元输出的高电平时，打开第一放电开关Q2，使储能电容正极与终端起爆器桥路导通；第二放电开关Q3控制储能电容C1负极与终端起爆器导通，该场效应管的源极与储能电容C1负极相连并接地，漏极与终端起爆器桥路电阻的另一端相连，第二放电开关Q3的栅极连接驱动器，驱动器接收无线集成MCU单元的高电平时，瞬间打开第二放电开关Q3，实现储能电容负极与终端起爆器桥路导通，从而实现储能电容与终端起爆器形成的放电回路导通，最终完成放电起爆。
储能电容容值不小于100uF，当起爆器接收到控制命令要求进行充电时，储能电容通过变压器接收锂电池能量，进行充电；储能电容充电完成后，等待上级控制系统的引爆信号，若接收到引爆信号，则通过放电开关将储能电容的能量瞬间释放到终端起爆器，反之，则通过泄压开关三极管将能量释放到泄压电阻。为增加储能发火单元的安全性，第一放电开关Q2和第二放电开关Q3，在引爆前2ms时刻和引爆时刻依次打开。
如图6所示，所述内阻检测单元用于检测终端起爆器4的桥路电阻，本发明某一具体实施例中，检测频率为每100ms一次。本发明的内阻检测单元采用电阻分压、差分采集的方式精确检测终端起爆器的桥路电阻，所述内阻检测单 元36包括检测开关、第一限流电阻、参考电阻、第二限流电阻、差分AD采样单元；
检测开关的一端连接电源，另一端连接第一限流电阻，第一限流电阻、检测终端起爆器的桥路电阻、参考电阻、第二限流电阻串联；
差分AD采样单元，采集终端起爆器的桥路电阻两端的电压(图中电压1与电压2的电压差)和参考电阻两端的电压(图中电压2与电压3的电压差)，发送给无线起爆控制模块3；
无线起爆控制模块3，对比终端起爆器的桥路电阻两端的电压和参考电阻两端的电压得到终端起爆器的桥路电阻阻值，
当开始采集时，无线集成MCU单元控制第一放电开关和第二放电开关关闭，检测开关打开，3.3V电压流经第一限流电阻、终端起爆器、参考电阻、第二限流电阻，在终端起爆器两端和参考电阻两端形成电压差，同时将这两个差分电压送入差分ADC采集，二者相比较得到精确的终端起爆器桥路电阻值。参考电阻为1Ω电阻，且其精度不大于0.5％，限流电阻可保证流经终端起爆器的电流小于10mA。
无线集成MCU单元为无线起爆器的控制中心。无线集成MCU单元33内含无线SoC射频芯片、数据存储器；
数据存储器中存储唯一的ID地址、产品信息、寿命状态信息，产品信息包含产品所处的状态、储能发火电容的电压、装订的点火延时参数，寿命状态信息包含锂电池电压、进入战斗状态的次数；
无线SoC射频芯片，对接收到的无线信号进行无线通信编解码，得到无线控制指令，所述无线控制指令包括唤醒指令、战斗指令、点火指令、休眠指令；无线控制指令中包括ID地址，无线SoC射频芯片提取无线控制指令中的ID地址，将其与数据存储器中存储的ID地址对比，当ID地址匹配成功后，执行相应的指令；
收到休眠指令后，控制电源单元只给无线集成MCU单元供电，使得无线 集成MCU单元进入低功耗模式，按照预设的周期通过天线接收无线信号，只有接收到唤醒指令时才进入工作状态，否则一直处于休眠状态；
收到安全指令时，进入安全状态，控制泄放控制信号为高电平，控制第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号、控制充电升压使能信号为低电平；
收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，控制泄放控制信号、第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号均为低电平；
收到点火指令时，进入点火状态，控制泄放控制信号为低电平，输出第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号为高电平，从而实现储能电容与终端起爆器形成的放电回路导通，最终完成放电起爆。
当无线集成MCU单元收到点火指令时，按照装订的点火延时参数延时第一预设时间之后，先输出第二放电控制信号为高电平、等待一段时间(如，2ms)之后，再输出第一放电控制信号为高电平。
本发明某一具体实施中，所述无线集成MCU单元，选用成熟的2.4GHz的无线SoC射频芯片，该芯片集成单片机和射频功能，支持2.400GHz～2.4835GHz的基础频带，同时，无线集成MCU单元内部集成有RAM、FLASH等存储单元，并集成了高精度的时钟。
每个无线起爆器通过天线、无线集成MCU单元同上级完成数据信息交互(接收上级的控制指令，并反馈自身状态信息)，接收并解析上级控制系统的指令，当ID地址匹配成功后，完成信息交互、状态转换、点火等功能；根据无线集成MCU单元的充电升压使能指令进行充电升压动作，将低功率锂电池的(2.8～4.0)V电压转换为一个(15～16)V的电压，并完成能量存储，接收点火指令后，储能发火单元35实现对终端起爆器4放电，完成引爆功能。
所述的终端起爆器具备低能量发火的特点，一般为半导体桥式、桥带式电火工品，其内部有约1Ω的桥路电阻以及装有火炸药，无线起爆控制模块内部储能发火单元的储能电容放电形成大电流，大电流经过1Ω桥路电阻后，产生电爆炸，进一步引燃火炸药，储能电容放电使1Ω桥路电阻产生电爆炸的可靠 性至少为99.9％(置信度0.95)。
所述的低功耗集成化无线起爆器采用极低功耗设计模式，其状态设置为休眠和工作两种状态，处于休眠状态时，除了无线通信正常工作外，其余的电路均不工作，且无线通信通过天线搜寻上级控制系统无线信号的周期大于10秒，若没有搜到上级唤醒指令，则无线起爆器始终处于休眠状态，锂电池能量可保证无线起爆器休眠状态持续4年以上。若在休眠状态时接收到上级控制系统的唤醒指令，则无线起爆器进入工作状态，初始化所有的电路。
综上，该无线起爆器内置无线起爆控制模块(含锂电池、天线)，通过内置电池、天线和无线起爆控制模块实现起爆器无缆化控制，通过内置的升压单元和储能发火单元实现低功率锂电池引爆终端起爆器，相比传统的起爆器，该无线起爆器实现无缆化控制，同时具备状态监测、延期、无线通信等功能，通常可采用2.4G、蓝牙、ZigBee等低功耗无线通信方式实现，同时该无线起爆器采用极低功耗工作流程设计，上箭总装后具备4年的寿命，一般运载火箭总装后半年内甚至1个月内就准备发射，该无线起爆器可满足火箭总装后发射的寿命要求，针对其他更长的寿命需求，则需更换电池。本发明实现了起爆器的无缆化和信息化控制，起爆器具备自主供电、在线状态自检、无线通信等功能，可减少箭上数百公斤的电池和电缆网，极大地提升了运载火箭的运载能力。
本发明采用内置锂电池、天线、无线起爆控制模块的集成设计，可实现起爆器通过无缆化方式进行起爆，基于极低功耗设计，在不更换电池情况下具有至少4年的寿命，满足运载火箭发射的全周期寿命需求，同时可满足各类灵活的智能控制需求，提升运载火箭数百公斤的运载能力，为智能运载火箭技术提供有力支撑。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、 等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于包括无线起爆控制模块(3)、终端起爆器(4)，无线起爆控制模块(3)集成天线(31)、无线集成MCU单元(33)、电源单元(32)、升压单元(34)、储能发火单元(35)；
    天线(31)用于接收和发送无线信号；
    无线集成MCU单元(33)，通过天线(31)按照预设周期接收无线控制指令并识别成功后，控制升压单元(34)、储能发火单元(35)执行相应动作并反馈状态信息；
    升压单元(34)，用于将电源单元(32)输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元(35)充电，将电源单元(32)能量储存到储能发火电容；
    储能发火单元(35)，用于将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器(4)；
    终端起爆器(4)，接收瞬间放电电流刺激后，电能转化为化学能，输出爆轰能量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于所述所述无线控制指令包括唤醒指令、安全指令、战斗指令、点火指令、休眠指令；无线集成MCU单元(33)收到唤醒指令后，从低功耗休眠状态切换到工作状态，工作状态下：
    收到安全指令后，进入安全状态，控制储能发火单元(35)打开泄放回路，使储能发火电容的电压降为0，升压单元不工作；
    收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，完成发火参数装订，所述发火参数包括点火延迟时间，同时控制升压单元(34)将电源单元(32)输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元(35)充电，将电源单元(32)能量储存到储能发火电容；
    收到点火指令之后，进入点火状态，控制储能发火单元(34)将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器(4)；
    收到休眠指令之后，回到低功耗休眠状态下。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于低功耗休眠状态下，电源单元(32)仅为无线集成MCU单元(33)和天线供电，工作状态下，电源单元(32)还为升压单元(34)、储能发火单元(35)供电。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于所述升压单元包括升压控制器、变压器、二极管D1；
    电源单元输出端正极连接变压器初级线圈的异名端，变压器初级线圈的同名端通过升压控制器连接电源单元输出端负极，变压器次级线圈同名端连接二极管D1，异名端接地，二极管D1输出端的电压为升压单元的输出；
    升压控制器集成了开关MOS管，无线集成MCU单元输出充电升压使能信号，当充电升压使能信号为高电平时，控制该开关MOS管的导通，进而变压器初级线圈导通，电源单元的电压经过变压器后升压输出，为储能发火单元中的储能电容充电；当充电升压使能信号为低电平时，开关MOS管断开，变压器不工作，升压单元输出电压为0。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于所述储能发火单元(35)包括含储能电容C1、泄放电阻R1、电阻R2、泄压开关三极管Q1、放电三极管Q4、第一放电开关Q2、第二放电开关Q3、场效应管驱动器U1；终端起爆器(4)通过接通桥式电阻，实现起爆；
    储能电容C1的两端并联有电阻R2，储能电容C1的正极串联泄放电阻R1的一端，泄放电阻R1的另一端串联泄放开关三极管Q1的集电极，泄放开关三极管Q1的发射级与储能电容C1的负极相连并接地，泄放开关三极管Q1的基极连接无线集成MCU单元输出的泄放控制信号，当泄放控制信号为高电平时，将泄放开关三极管Q1导通，储能电容完成能量泄放，否则，当泄放控制信号为低电平时，泄放开关三极管Q1断开；第一放电开关Q2和第二放电开关Q3均为场效应管，第一放电开关Q2的源极与储能电容C1正极并联，漏极与终端起爆器桥路一端相连，栅极与放电三极管Q4的集电极相连，放电三极 管Q4的基极连接无线集成MCU单元输出的第一放电控制信号，第一放电控制信号为高电平时，打开第一放电开关Q2，使储能电容正极与终端起爆器桥路一端导通，点火信号为低电平时，第一放电开关Q2断开；第二放电开关Q3的源极与储能电容C1负极相连并接地，漏极与终端起爆器桥路电阻的另一端相连，第二放电开关Q3的栅极连接场效应管驱动器U1，场效应管驱动器U1将无线集成MCU单元输出的第二放电控制信号连接至第二放电开关Q3，当第二放电控制信号为高电平时，打开第二放电开关Q3，实现储能电容负极与终端起爆器桥路导通；当第二放电控制信号为高电平时，关闭第二放电开关Q3。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于所述所述无线集成MCU单元(33)内含无线SoC射频芯片、数据存储器；
    数据存储器中存储唯一的ID地址、产品信息、寿命状态信息，产品信息包含产品所处的状态、储能发火电容的电压、装订的点火延时参数，寿命状态信息包含锂电池电压、进入战斗状态的次数；
    无线SoC射频芯片，对接收到的无线信号进行无线通信编解码，得到无线控制指令，所述无线控制指令包括唤醒指令、战斗指令、点火指令、休眠指令；无线控制指令中包括ID地址，无线SoC射频芯片提取无线控制指令中的ID地址，将其与数据存储器中存储的ID地址对比，当ID地址匹配成功后，执行相应的指令；
    收到休眠指令后，控制电源单元只给无线集成MCU单元供电，使得无线集成MCU单元进入低功耗模式，按照预设的周期通过天线接收无线信号，只有接收到唤醒指令时才进入工作状态，否则一直处于休眠状态；
    收到安全指令时，进入安全状态，控制泄放控制信号为高电平，控制第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号、控制充电升压使能信号为低电平；
    收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，控制泄放控制信号、第一放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号均为低电平；
    收到点火指令时，进入点火状态，控制泄放控制信号为低电平，输出第一 放电控制信号、第二放电控制信号为高电平，从而实现储能电容与终端起爆器形成的放电回路导通，最终完成放电起爆。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于当无线集成MCU单元收到点火指令时，按照装订的点火延时参数延时第一预设时间之后，先输出第二放电控制信号为高电平、等待一段时间之后，再输出第一放电控制信号为高电平。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于还包括内阻检测单元，内阻检测单元用于采集检测终端起爆器的桥路电阻，所述内阻检测单元(36)包括检测开关、第一限流电阻、参考电阻、第二限流电阻、差分AD采样单元；
    检测开关的一端连接电源，另一端连接第一限流电阻，第一限流电阻、检测终端起爆器的桥路电阻、参考电阻、第二限流电阻串联；
    差分AD采样单元，采集终端起爆器的桥路电阻两端的电压和参考电阻两端的电压，发送给无线起爆控制模块(3)；
    无线起爆控制模块(3)，对比终端起爆器的桥路电阻两端的电压和参考电阻两端的电压得到终端起爆器的桥路电阻阻值，
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于还包括天线窗口盖(1)、壳体(2)；天线窗口盖(1)和终端起爆器(4)安装在壳体(2)两端，与壳体(2)形成一个密封性腔体，无线起爆控制模块(3)均封装在密封腔体内部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器，其特征在于所述天线窗口盖的物理接口采用螺纹设计，壳体为低功耗集成化无线起爆器的外壳，其为金属不锈钢材料的管状结构，与天线窗口盖通过螺纹连接实现固定，与终端起爆器接触部位通过激光焊接实现固定，壳体内部为无线起爆控制模块，壳体一端与天线窗口盖螺纹连接处有O形圈密封，另一端与终端起爆器激光焊接后实现密封。
  11. 基于权利要求1所述装置的一种低功耗集成化无线起爆方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    S1、初始上电时，无线集成MCU单元(33)通过天线(31)按照预设周期接收无线控制指令；
    S2、无线集成MCU单元(33)收到唤醒指令并识别成功后，从低功耗休眠状态切换到工作状态，在工作状态下，执行步骤S3～步骤S6；
    S3、收到安全指令后，进入安全状态，控制储能发火单元(35)打开泄放回路，使储能发火电容的电压降为0，升压单元不工作；
    S4、收到战斗指令后，进入战斗状态，完成发火参数装订，所述发火参数包括点火延迟时间，同时控制升压单元(34)将电源单元(32)输出的电压进行升压，并为储能发火单元(35)充电，将电源单元(32)能量储存到储能发火电容；
    S5、收到点火指令之后，进入点火状态，控制储能发火单元(34)将储能发火电容的电能释放给终端起爆器(4)，终端起爆器(4)接收瞬间放电电流刺激后，电能转化为化学能，输出爆轰能量；
    S6、收到休眠指令之后，控制电源单元(32)仅为无线集成MCU单元(33)和天线(31)供电，无线起爆控制模块(3)回到低功耗休眠状态下，重新从步骤S2开始执行。
PCT/CN2022/129941 2022-09-30 2022-11-04 一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法 WO2024065953A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211215814.8A CN115655015A (zh) 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法
CN202211215814.8 2022-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024065953A1 true WO2024065953A1 (zh) 2024-04-04

Family

ID=84985389

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/129941 WO2024065953A1 (zh) 2022-09-30 2022-11-04 一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115655015A (zh)
WO (1) WO2024065953A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103162579A (zh) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-19 长沙诗格烟花燃放设备有限公司 带自检测功能的多通道无线焰火点火设备
CN106532809A (zh) * 2016-10-27 2017-03-22 北京机械设备研究所 一种民用拦截弹电起爆控制器
CN109539899A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-03-29 北京宇航系统工程研究所 一种小型化、集成化爆炸箔起爆系统
US20200225015A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2020-07-16 Mithuna THOTTETHODI Remote firing module and method thereof
CN113324450A (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-31 武汉芯鑫微电子有限公司 一种高可靠性高精度电子雷管起爆系统及方法
CN215984240U (zh) * 2021-08-31 2022-03-08 贵州全安密灵科技有限公司 一种无线起爆系统

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103162579A (zh) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-19 长沙诗格烟花燃放设备有限公司 带自检测功能的多通道无线焰火点火设备
CN106532809A (zh) * 2016-10-27 2017-03-22 北京机械设备研究所 一种民用拦截弹电起爆控制器
US20200225015A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2020-07-16 Mithuna THOTTETHODI Remote firing module and method thereof
CN109539899A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-03-29 北京宇航系统工程研究所 一种小型化、集成化爆炸箔起爆系统
CN113324450A (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-31 武汉芯鑫微电子有限公司 一种高可靠性高精度电子雷管起爆系统及方法
CN215984240U (zh) * 2021-08-31 2022-03-08 贵州全安密灵科技有限公司 一种无线起爆系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115655015A (zh) 2023-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2010303152B2 (en) Detonator
CN102544537B (zh) 一种带有电子组件的热电池
US3570404A (en) Electrical pyrotechnic programming system
CN110789742A (zh) 一种卫星用精确延时分离的电路
WO2024065953A1 (zh) 一种低功耗集成化无线起爆器及起爆方法
CN107167039B (zh) 一种co2矿山开采爆破管延期分段远程控制起爆器
CN112361904A (zh) 基于模拟电路延期体激发等离子点火具的电雷管
CN108981510A (zh) 多模块智能数码起爆器组成的工程爆破物联网系统
CN105403112B (zh) 导爆管电子延期雷管及光与冲击波双控导爆该雷管的方法
CN209763896U (zh) 一种基于高低压电源与通信总线控制的雷管起爆系统
CN214792825U (zh) 一种三线制模拟电子等离子冲击波发火电路及电能引爆具
CN201935635U (zh) 一种电子延时点火装置
CN220270252U (zh) 一种内置加外置电池的无线电子雷管
CN211120876U (zh) 一种高能量电容储能等离子点火具数码电雷管
CN220625056U (zh) 一种全内嵌式无线电子雷管
CN207501790U8 (zh) 一种co2矿山开采爆破管延期分段远程控制起爆器
CN206921012U (zh) 方便安拆的计算机
CN109539911A (zh) 外接式高压储能数码电路触发高压等离子点火具安全电雷管
CN110793407B (zh) 高能量电容储能等离子点火具数码电雷管
CN212320554U (zh) 一种电能等离子引爆式震源药柱
CN216049479U (zh) 一种便携式高性能无线遥控起爆器
AU2020101091A4 (en) A Detecting Projectile with Fire Detection Function Carried by a UAV
CN220507862U (zh) 一种三线本质安全的无线数码电子雷管
CN112576412A (zh) 一种面向小型肩抗多级推进飞行器的二级点火控制装置
CN213987504U (zh) 一种惯性触发引信电路

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22960552

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1