WO2024065699A1 - Amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives, système d'amélioration de puissance, station de base et procédé associé - Google Patents

Amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives, système d'amélioration de puissance, station de base et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024065699A1
WO2024065699A1 PCT/CN2022/123331 CN2022123331W WO2024065699A1 WO 2024065699 A1 WO2024065699 A1 WO 2024065699A1 CN 2022123331 W CN2022123331 W CN 2022123331W WO 2024065699 A1 WO2024065699 A1 WO 2024065699A1
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Prior art keywords
power
wave tube
tube amplifier
traveling wave
electron beam
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PCT/CN2022/123331
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
成千福
谢杰
王新
蔡华
王光健
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/123331 priority Critical patent/WO2024065699A1/fr
Publication of WO2024065699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065699A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave power enhancement equipment, and in particular to a traveling wave tube amplifier, a power enhancement system, a base station and related methods.
  • the power amplifier is an indispensable module in the wireless communication system. Its performance directly determines the performance of the electromagnetic wave transmitter. Therefore, in order to meet the high efficiency and high power requirements of 5G millimeter wave and other communications, it is of great significance to develop broadband and high-performance electromagnetic wave power amplifiers.
  • TWTA millimeter wave traveling wave tube amplifiers
  • EIRP equivalent isotropic radiated power
  • millimeter wave communication systems usually use broadband high-order modulated signals, such as orthogonal signals modulated by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), such as: bandwidth reaches 400MHz/800MHz, modulation mode: 16QAM/64QAM/256QAM, resulting in a signal with a very high peak-to-average ratio.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier TWTA
  • the traveling wave tube needs to have the characteristics of broadband and high output power on the one hand, and also needs to have the characteristics of high back-off efficiency.
  • millimeter-wave transceivers usually need to support power enhancement mode (i.e., high power mode) and normal power mode (i.e., low power mode).
  • power enhancement mode i.e., high power mode
  • normal power mode i.e., low power mode
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier integrated in the system must also support both high power and low power working modes to meet the needs of different scenarios; and efficiency is a relatively critical technical indicator of the traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA), which directly determines the power consumption of the system, requiring the traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) to have high efficiency regardless of whether it works in high power mode or low power mode.
  • TWTA traveling wave tube amplifier
  • the present application provides a traveling wave tube amplifier, a power enhancement system, a base station and related methods.
  • a power enhancement function with a large power variation range can be realized, high efficiency can be achieved in both high power and low power modes, and the size of the traveling wave tube will not increase.
  • the product size can be effectively controlled so as not to increase to a large extent.
  • the present application provides a traveling wave tube amplifier, comprising a plurality of transmitting components, wherein the plurality of transmitting components are all arranged at the same end of the traveling wave tube amplifier;
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier comprises a plurality of power connection circuits, the plurality of power connection circuits are electrically connected to the plurality of transmitting components in a one-to-one correspondence, and the power connection circuits are used to drive the transmitting components to emit electron beams, so that the traveling wave tube amplifier works at least in a first working state or a second working state;
  • a portion of the plurality of emission components emits electron beams
  • the present application proposes a traveling wave tube amplifier with a power enhancement mode, which adopts a multi-electron beam structure, which can realize a power enhancement function with a large power variation range on the one hand, and has high efficiency in both high power and low power modes on the other hand, and will not increase the size of the traveling wave tube, and effectively control the product size from increasing to a large extent.
  • the emission component includes a cathode and a first anode
  • the cathode is used to emit the electron beam
  • the first anode is used to accelerate the electron beam
  • the electron beam is emitted through the cathode
  • the electron beam is accelerated by the potential difference between the cathode and the first anode.
  • the emission assembly further includes a focusing electrode, the focusing electrode is located between the cathode and the first anode, the focusing electrode has a focusing channel, the electron beam emitted by the cathode passes through the focusing channel, the focusing channel is used to constrain the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam, and the first anode is used to accelerate the electron beam.
  • the focusing electrode can generate a certain magnetic field, and the shape of the electron beam is constrained by the magnetic field to focus and compress the electron beam.
  • the emission assembly further includes a second anode, the acceleration channel of the first anode and the acceleration channel of the second anode are interconnected, and the second anode is used to accelerate the electron beam emitted by the cathode.
  • the second anode can achieve the consistency of the voltage required when the electron beam interacts with different slow-wave structure channels, and keep the voltage constant.
  • the emitting component has a focusing channel and an accelerating channel
  • the cross-section of the focusing channel is rectangular, trapezoidal, elliptical or circular
  • the cross-section of the accelerating channel is rectangular, trapezoidal, elliptical or circular
  • the electron beam emitted by the emitting component is in the shape of a strip, an elliptical column or a cylinder.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier further includes a slow wave structure, the electron beam enters the slow wave structure, and the slow wave structure is used to interact with the electron beam to increase the power of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the slow-wave structure includes a slow-wave circuit, the slow-wave circuit extends in a corrugated shape, the slow-wave circuit as a whole is a planar strip structure, and the multiple electron beams are located on one side of the plane where the slow-wave circuit is located or distributed on both sides of the plane where the slow-wave circuit is located.
  • a slow-wave circuit can interact with two electron beams at the same time, and a slow-wave circuit with a long strip structure is adopted, and the two electron beams are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the planar strip slow-wave circuit.
  • the volume of the traveling wave tube amplifier can be effectively reduced while increasing the number of electron beams, and the volume of the traveling wave tube amplifier will not increase to a large extent due to the increase in the number of electron beams.
  • the central axis of the electron beam is parallel to the plane where the slow-wave circuit is located, so as to prevent the electron beam from contacting the slow-wave circuit during transmission at the side of the slow-wave circuit.
  • the slow-wave structure further includes a shell, a connector is provided on the inner wall of the shell, and the slow-wave circuit is fixed in the shell through the connector to form a relatively fixed integral structure of the shell, the connector and the slow-wave circuit.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier further includes a centralized attenuator, which is located between the slow wave circuit and the inner wall of the housing, and is fixed to the inner wall of the housing.
  • the centralized attenuator can prevent parasitic oscillations from occurring in the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the reflected wave is absorbed by the centralized attenuator, which can effectively eliminate feedback and prevent the traveling wave tube amplifier from oscillating.
  • At least some of the multiple electron beams have different vertical distances from the slow wave circuit.
  • different degrees of power enhancement are achieved by different spacings between the electron beam and the slow wave circuit.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier further includes a collector, the collector is located at a side of the slow-wave structure from which the electron beam is emitted, and the collector is used to collect the electron beam.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier further includes a magnetic focusing system
  • the magnetic focusing system includes a periodic permanent magnetic focusing system and/or a uniform magnetic focusing system.
  • the magnetic field generated by the magnetic focusing system can constrain the shape of the electron beam traveling in the shell, so that it can smoothly pass through the slow-wave structure, and an effective beam-wave interaction is generated between the electron beam and the electromagnetic field.
  • the magnetic focusing system enables the electron beam to maintain a desired shape, so that the electron beam can smoothly pass through the slow-wave circuit and effectively interact with the electromagnetic field.
  • At least some of the electron beams in the multiple electron beams have different cross-sectional areas.
  • the output electron beam power is the same, different degrees of power enhancement are achieved by different electron beam cross-sectional areas.
  • the present application provides an electron beam emission control method, which is applied to any of the above-mentioned traveling wave tube amplifiers, including: determining the operating mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier, the operating mode including a first operating mode and a second operating mode; in the first operating mode, the power connection circuit in the traveling wave tube amplifier drives a part of a plurality of emission components to emit electron beams; in the second operating mode, the power connection circuit drives another part of the plurality of emission components to emit electron beams, or the power connection circuit drives all of the plurality of emission components to emit electron beams.
  • the present application controls the emission of electron beams in the traveling wave tube amplifier to control the traveling wave tube amplifier to emit different numbers of electron beams, so as to realize the traveling wave tube amplifier operating in different power enhancement modes.
  • the present application provides a power enhancement system, comprising a traveling wave tube amplifier as described in any one of the above items.
  • a power module and a control module are further included, the traveling wave tube amplifier includes a plurality of transmitting components, the transmitting components are used to transmit electron beams, the control module is in communication connection with the power module, and the power module is electrically connected to the plurality of transmitting components respectively; the control module is used to control the power module to supply power to at least some of the plurality of transmitting components.
  • This implementation controls the working mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier through the coordinated cooperation of the power module and the control module, and does not require improvement of the control structure of the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier only needs to switch between different working modes according to the power supply mode of the power module, so as to match a variety of application environments.
  • the power enhancement system further includes a baseband, an intermediate radio frequency module and an antenna, wherein the baseband, the intermediate radio frequency module, the traveling wave tube amplifier and the antenna are connected in sequence;
  • the control module includes a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is in communication connection with the baseband, and the baseband is used to control the power module to supply power to the electron gun through the control circuit.
  • the power enhancement system described in this implementation can be switched into different working modes according to requirements to increase the power of electromagnetic waves to different degrees, and is suitable for signal coverage of different ranges.
  • the multi-channel power enhancement system mainly includes multiple analog channels, each analog channel includes at least one intermediate frequency module and one traveling wave tube amplifier, and all analog channels share a control module and a power supply module.
  • the output end of the multi-channel traveling wave tube amplifier is connected to a tunable antenna, which can realize the transmission of multi-stream data and greatly improve the capacity of the system.
  • the antenna includes a tunable antenna, and the tunable antenna is used to transmit the multi-path electromagnetic wave signals amplified by the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the present application provides a base station, comprising the power enhancement system described in any one of the above items.
  • the present application provides a control method for controlling the power enhancement system described in any one of the above items, comprising: determining an operating mode of the power enhancement system, determining the transmitting components that need to be turned on among the multiple transmitting components according to the operating mode, and controlling a power supply module to supply power to the transmitting components that need to be turned on.
  • the present application controls the number of electron beams emitted by the transmitting component by controlling whether the power supply module supplies power to the transmitting component.
  • the electromagnetic wave powers output in different working modes are different.
  • the power enhancement system can output electromagnetic waves of different powers to cover signals in a wider area.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory: the at least one processor is used to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the at least one memory, so that the device performs any of the methods described above.
  • the present application provides a readable storage medium for storing instructions, which, when executed, enables any of the methods described above to be implemented.
  • the present application provides a chip system, comprising:
  • a communication interface for inputting and/or outputting information
  • the processor is used to execute a computer program so that a device equipped with the chip system executes any of the control methods described above.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a traveling wave tube amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a side view of a traveling wave tube amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application in a first working state
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the traveling wave tube amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application in a second working state
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a traveling wave tube amplifier in a low power mode provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a traveling wave tube amplifier in a high power mode provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG6 is a performance comparison diagram of a traveling wave tube amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application operating in a low power mode and a high power mode;
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a traveling wave tube amplifier emitting four electron beams provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a traveling wave tube amplifier emitting an electron beam provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a traveling wave tube amplifier emitting three electron beams provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a slow-wave structure in a traveling wave tube amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged view of point I in Figure 10;
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic focusing system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slow-wave circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electron gun provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of an electron beam cross section in a trapezoidal shape provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an electron beam with an elliptical cross section provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an electron gun including a second anode provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of different distances between an electron beam and a slow wave circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of different cross-sections of electron injection provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a power enhancement system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 is a schematic diagram of a single-channel power enhancement system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG22 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel power enhancement system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of scenarios of different operating modes of a power enhancement system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier is one of the commonly used amplifiers at present.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier is an electron tube that amplifies ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves (microwaves) by using the continuous interaction between the electron flow and the electromagnetic waves traveling along the slow wave structure.
  • the input power of the power amplifier is often backed off by 6-10 decibels from the 1dB compression point (equivalent to the critical point between the linear and nonlinear regions of the amplifier), and the power amplifier is operated at a level far less than the 1dB compression point, so that the power amplifier is away from the saturation region and enters the linear working region, thereby improving the third-order intermodulation coefficient of the power amplifier, which is often called the power back-off method.
  • the fundamental wave power is reduced by 1dB
  • the third-order intermodulation distortion is improved by 2dB.
  • the power back-off method is simple and easy to implement, and does not require any additional equipment. It is an effective method to improve the linearity of the amplifier.
  • the power amplifier integrated in the system usually needs to support power enhancement mode (ie, high power mode) and conventional power mode (ie, low power mode).
  • power enhancement mode ie, high power mode
  • conventional power mode ie, low power mode
  • the input power of the power amplifier needs to be reduced to meet the requirements of the low-power mode.
  • the degree of power back-off increases, and the working efficiency of the power amplifier also decreases significantly, which does not meet the high efficiency requirements of the power amplifier operating in high power mode and low power mode.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes a plurality of emitting components 111 and a slow wave structure 120.
  • Each emitting component 111 independently emits a beam of electron beams, and the plurality of emitting components 111 can be integrated in one electron gun 110, or an emitting component 111 is provided in each electron gun 110, and the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes a plurality of electron guns 110, and the plurality of electron guns 110 are arranged side by side to emit a plurality of electron beams.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 including only one electron gun 110 as an example, the electron gun 110 is provided with a plurality of emitting components 111.
  • the electron gun 110 is capable of emitting multiple (at least two) electron beams 150, and the multiple electron beams 150 emitted by the electron gun 110 are independent of each other.
  • the multiple electron beams 150 mentioned in the present application are independent of each other, which means that the electron gun 110 can emit any one of the multiple electron beams 150, or emit part of the multiple electron beams 150, or emit all the electron beams 150, and the emission state of each electron beam 150 in the multiple electron beams 150 is independent of each other.
  • the multiple electron beams 150 emitted by the electron gun 110 are independent of each other during emission, but when entering the slow-wave structure 120, the multiple electron beams 150 will simultaneously interact with the electromagnetic field generated in the slow-wave structure 120 to synergistically increase the power of the electromagnetic waves flowing through.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes a plurality of power connection circuits, which are electrically connected to the transmitting component 111 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the power connection circuits are used to drive the transmitting component 111 to emit electron beams, so that the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 works at least in the first working state or the second working state.
  • the power connection circuit can be connected to an external power supply.
  • the power connection circuit can be connected to an external power supply.
  • the power supply supplies power to the first power connection circuit
  • one of the transmitting components 111 emits an electron beam 150
  • the other transmitting component 111 emits an electron beam 150
  • both transmitting components 111 emit electron beams.
  • the first working state corresponds to a low power mode
  • the second working state corresponds to a high power mode
  • the multiple emitting components 111 In the first working state, a part of the multiple emitting components 111 emit electron beams; in the second working state, another part of the emitting components 111 emit electron beams, or all of the multiple emitting components 111 emit electron beams. In the first working state and the second working state, completely different emitting components 111 may emit electron beams, or some emitting components 111 may emit electron beams 150 in both the first working state and the second working state.
  • the emitting components 111 that emit electron beams 150 in the first working state and the second working state are not completely the same, so that the operating power of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 in the first working state and the second working state is different.
  • the present embodiment takes two electron beams 150 as an example, two emission components 111 are provided in one electron gun 110, and the multiple electron beams 150 include a first electron beam 151 and a second electron beam 152, and the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are arranged side by side.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are separated from each other, and do not touch each other on the travel path of the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 in the present application can be parallel to each other.
  • both the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 can interact with the slow-wave structure 120, and the electromagnetic wave passes through the action space of the electron beam 150 and the slow-wave structure 120.
  • the traveling wave field in the electron beam 150 and the slow-wave structure 120 continuously interacts with each other in the action space to increase the power of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only emits the first electron beam 151 , and the second electron beam 152 is not emitted;
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 emits a first electron beam 151 and a second electron beam 152 simultaneously.
  • the emission component 111 for emitting the first electron beam 151 and the emission component 111 for emitting the second electron beam 152 are both part of the emission module in the electron gun 110, and the input voltages of the power supplies corresponding to the emission components 111 and 111 can be the same or different; that is, the working powers of the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 can be the same or different.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 can also only emit the second electron beam 152.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 In the first working state, the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only emits the first electron beam 151; in the second working state, the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 can simultaneously emit the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152, so that the power amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave by the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 in the second working state is greater than the power amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave by the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 in the first working state.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier described in this embodiment when it is necessary to work in the low power mode, the traveling wave tube amplifier works in the first working state, and only the first electron injection 151 interacts with the slow wave structure to increase the power of the electromagnetic field, and the input power of the first electron injection 151 matches the low power mode (conventional working mode) of the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier works in the second working state, and the first electron injection 151 and the second electron injection 152 interact with the slow wave structure together to increase the power of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the working power of the traveling wave tube amplifier in the second working state is greater than the working power of the traveling wave tube amplifier in the first working state, and the amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave is increased.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier in the second working state matches the high power mode, and the traveling wave tube amplifier in the first working state matches the low power mode.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier For a traveling wave tube amplifier that only emits a single electron beam, if the traveling wave tube amplifier needs to work in a high power mode, the single electron beam emitted by the traveling wave tube amplifier needs to meet the power requirements of the high power mode, so as to greatly enhance the power of the input electromagnetic wave in the high power mode and meet the signal coverage at a longer distance. Based on this, when the traveling wave tube amplifier needs to work in a low power mode, the power of the single electron beam emitted by the traveling wave tube amplifier needs to be greatly reduced to meet the power requirements of the low power mode. However, this will cause the traveling wave tube amplifier to be in a deep power backoff area. Due to the excessive power backoff of the traveling wave tube, the working efficiency of the traveling wave tube amplifier when working in the low power mode is greatly reduced, resulting in high power consumption of communication systems such as traveling wave tube amplifiers.
  • FIG4 A schematic diagram of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 described in this embodiment working in a low power mode is shown in FIG4 .
  • the low power mode only the first electron beam 151 is emitted, and the first electron beam 151 interacts with the high-frequency electromagnetic field in the slow-wave circuit 122 .
  • the first electron beam 151 is well clustered, indicating that the first electron beam 151 and the slow-wave circuit 122 realize beam-wave interaction, complete energy exchange, and generate electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG5 A schematic diagram of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 described in this embodiment working in a high power mode is shown in FIG5 .
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are emitted simultaneously, and both electron beams interact with the slow wave structure 122.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are well clustered and interact with the slow wave circuit 122, completing the energy exchange and generating stronger electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG6 a performance comparison of the traveling wave tube amplifier working in the low power mode and the high power mode is shown in FIG6 , in which the horizontal axis represents the input power and the vertical axis represents the output power. It can be seen from FIG6 that, under the condition of equal input power, the output power in the high power mode is greater than the output power in the low power mode, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the first electron injection 151 and the second electron injection 152 of the electron gun 110 to achieve the regulation of the output power.
  • the electron gun 110 emits at least two electron beams 150, namely, a first electron beam 151 and a second electron beam 152, and the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are emitted independently of each other.
  • the working power of the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 matches the high power mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the electron gun 110 simultaneously emits the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152, and the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 simultaneously interact with the electromagnetic field generated by the slow wave structure to greatly enhance the power of the electromagnetic wave in the high power mode.
  • the power of the first electron beam 151 when working matches the low power mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the electron gun 110 only emits the first electron beam 151 and does not emit the second electron beam 152, so as to meet the demand of the low power mode.
  • the emission of the second electron beam 152 is directly turned off, and the emitted first electron beam 151 is at the working power.
  • There is no large degree of power fallback and the operating power of the traveling wave tube amplifier is reduced, while the working efficiency of the traveling wave tube amplifier will not be greatly reduced, and it will still be maintained at a high level.
  • the present application proposes a traveling wave tube structure with a power enhancement mode, which adopts a multi-electron injection structure.
  • a traveling wave tube structure with a power enhancement mode which adopts a multi-electron injection structure.
  • it can realize the power enhancement function with a large power variation range, and on the other hand, it can have high efficiency in both high power and low power modes without increasing the size of the traveling wave tube, and effectively control the product size from increasing to a large extent.
  • the above technical solution can be well integrated with a multi-channel, multi-beam, high-power base station system or wireless backhaul system, so that the product has a power enhancement mode.
  • the product advantages can be greatly improved.
  • multi-channel integrated power enhancement traveling wave tubes have also become the direction of gradual evolution of this technology. This implementation method can be well adapted to a variety of multi-channel systems.
  • the power connection line may also be a data transmission line, and the power connection line is externally connected to a control module to transmit control electrical signals sent by the control module.
  • a control switch can be integrated inside the transmitting component 111, and each transmitting component 111 corresponds to a switch.
  • the power supply always supplies power to the two transmitting components 111.
  • the power connection line receives the control signal sent by the control module to drive the opening and closing action of the switch.
  • the opening and closing action of the switch controls whether the power supply current is transmitted to the transmitting component 111, so as to control the transmitting component 111 to emit the electron beam 150.
  • the power supply always supplies power to all the transmitting components 111, and all the transmitting components 111 always emit electron beams 150 when powered.
  • An electron beam 150 collecting mechanism is provided in the traveling wave tube amplifier, and the collecting mechanism is located on the traveling route of the electron beam 150 and at the front end of the slow wave structure 120. Taking the traveling wave tube amplifier having two transmitting components 111 as an example, in the low power mode, the control module sends a first control signal to the power connection line.
  • the collecting mechanism collects and intercepts the electron beam 150 emitted by one of the transmitting components 111, and only one of the two electron beams 150 emitted by the two transmitting components 111 enters the slow wave structure 120 for power enhancement; in the high power mode, the control module sends a second control signal to the power connection line.
  • the collecting mechanism is closed and does not collect and intercept the electron beam 150, and both electron beams 150 enter the slow wave structure 120 for power enhancement.
  • the power connection circuit can drive the emission component 111 to emit the electron beam 150, which means that the emission component 111 can be driven to emit the electron beam 150 to an area outside the emission component 111, for example, to emit the electron beam 150 to a mechanism such as the slow-wave structure 120.
  • the electron gun 110 includes a first emission component 1111 and a second emission component 1112, the first emission component 1111 is used to emit the first electron beam 151, and the second emission component 1112 is used to emit the second electron beam 152.
  • the input voltages of the power supplies corresponding to the first emission component 1111 and the second emission component 1112 are different, the power supply input voltage corresponding to the second emission component 1112 is greater than the power supply input voltage corresponding to the first emission component 1111, and the working power of the second electron beam 152 is greater than the working power of the first electron beam 151.
  • the second electron beam 152 interacts with the slow-wave structure to increase the degree of increase in electromagnetic wave power, which is greater than the degree of increase in electromagnetic wave power caused by the interaction between the first electron beam 151 and the slow-wave structure.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes the following two working modes, namely a low power mode and a high power mode.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier presents a first working state when working in the low power mode, and presents a second working state when working in the high power mode.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 In the first working state, the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only emits the first electron beam 151, and the second electron beam 152 is not emitted.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 In the second working state, the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only emits the second electron beam 152, and the first electron beam 151 is not emitted.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier described in this embodiment when it is necessary to work in the low power mode, the traveling wave tube amplifier works in the first working state, and only the first electron injection 151 interacts with the slow wave structure to increase the power of the electromagnetic field, and the input power of the first electron injection 151 matches the low power mode (conventional working mode) of the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier works in the second working state, and the second electron injection 152 interacts with the slow wave structure to increase the power of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the working power of the traveling wave tube amplifier in the second working state is greater than the working power of the traveling wave tube amplifier in the first working state, and the amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave is increased.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier in the second working state matches the high power mode, and the traveling wave tube amplifier in the first working state matches the low power mode.
  • the input power of the first electron injection 151 matches the low power mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier
  • the input power of the second electron injection 152 matches the high power mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier.
  • the first electron injection 151 and the second electron injection 152 do not need a large degree of power backoff when working. There is no large degree of power backoff when the traveling wave tube amplifier works in the high power mode and the low power mode, and the working efficiency of the traveling wave tube amplifier will not be greatly reduced, and it will still be maintained at a high level.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier described in this embodiment can also emit the first electron injection 151 and the second electron injection 152 at the same time.
  • the operating power of the traveling wave tube amplifier is higher, and the degree of increase in the electromagnetic wave power is greater.
  • the number of electron beams 150 emitted by the electron gun 110 may be greater than two beams, for example, the electron gun 110 emits four electron beams 150, namely, a first electron beam 151, a second electron beam 152, a third electron beam 153 and a fourth electron beam 154.
  • the operating powers of the four electron beams 150 may be the same or different.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes two working modes, namely a low power mode and a high power mode.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier presents a first working state when working in the low power mode, and presents a second working state when working in the high power mode.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 may emit only one of the electron beams, such as only the first electron beam 151 , while the other three electron beams are not emitted.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 can emit four electron beams simultaneously;
  • the working power of the first electron beam 151 matches the low-power mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier; when four electron beams are emitted at the same time, the traveling wave tube amplifier matches the requirements of the high-power mode, and when the four electron beams interact with the slow-wave structure, the electromagnetic waves are amplified to a higher degree, and the electromagnetic waves are amplified to a greater extent.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier has multiple operating modes, and different operating modes amplify electromagnetic waves to different degrees.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier also includes other multiple working states, such as the third working state, as shown in FIG9, the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 simultaneously emits the second electron beam 152, the third electron beam 153 and the fourth electron beam 154.
  • the power amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave is greater than the power amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave in the first working state, and less than the power amplification degree of the electromagnetic wave in the second working state.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier also includes other working states, emitting different combinations of electron beams.
  • the working powers of the four electron beams can be the same or different.
  • different electron beams emit different powers, and different electron beams have different working powers when combined, they can be combined into multiple working modes to amplify electromagnetic waves to different degrees.
  • the slow-wave structure 120 includes a housing 121 and a slow-wave circuit 122.
  • the housing 121 is a box structure having a hollow cavity 123.
  • the housing 121 is a rectangular box.
  • the end away from the electron gun 110 in FIG. 10 is not shown.
  • the end of the housing 121 away from the electron gun 110 is a closed structure, or a collector is connected at the rear end, so that when the traveling wave tube amplifier is working, the housing 121 seals the slow-wave circuit 122 in the hollow cavity 123, and the hollow cavity 123 is vacuumized.
  • the housing 121 can be made of a metal with high conductivity.
  • the slow-wave circuit 122 is arranged in the hollow cavity 123 of the shell 121, wherein the slow-wave circuit 122 can be spiral, strip-shaped or other shapes.
  • the strip-shaped slow-wave circuit 122 is taken as an example, referring to Figures 1, 9, 10 and 13.
  • the slow-wave circuit 122 bends back and forth and extends in a corrugated shape along the length direction of the shell 121.
  • the slow-wave circuit 122 presents a planar strip structure as a whole.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 can be located at the upper side or the lower side of the slow-wave circuit 122 at the same time, or they can be located at the upper and lower sides of the slow-wave circuit 122 respectively.
  • this embodiment takes the case where the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are located at the upper and lower sides of the slow-wave circuit 122 respectively as an example.
  • one slow wave circuit 122 can interact with two electron beams 150 at the same time.
  • the slow wave circuit 122 with a long strip structure is adopted, and the electron gun 110 emits two electron beams, namely a first electron beam 151 and a second electron beam 152.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are respectively located at the upper and lower sides of the planar strip slow wave circuit 122.
  • the volume of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 can be effectively reduced while increasing the number of electron beams, and the volume of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 will not be increased to a large extent due to the increase in the number of electron beams.
  • the present application scheme has the advantages of small size and large power adjustment range, and still has the same high efficiency advantage as the original single electron injection traveling wave tube in low power mode, effectively solving the technical problems of low efficiency and large size of the existing technology, and can achieve mass production at low cost.
  • the slow-wave structure 120 further includes a connector 124.
  • the connector 124 may be a connector rod or a connector plate.
  • a clamping rod is used as an example.
  • Two clamping rods clamp the slow-wave circuit 122 in the housing 121.
  • One side of the connector 124 is fixedly connected to the side plate of the housing 121, and the other side of the connector 124 is fixedly connected to one side of the slow-wave circuit 122.
  • the two connectors 124 fix the two side edges of the slow-wave circuit 122 and the inner wall surfaces of the two side plates of the housing 121, respectively.
  • the two connectors 124 clamp and fix the slow-wave circuit 122 in the housing 121.
  • the slow-wave circuit 122 is suspended in the air, and the electron injector 150 can pass through both sides of the slow-wave circuit 122.
  • the shell 121 can be made of a metal material, which can be made of a metal with high conductivity, such as oxygen-free copper or stainless steel.
  • the slow-wave circuit 122 is made of a metal conductive material.
  • the connector 124 can be made of materials such as aluminum oxide, boron nitride or beryllium oxide. Metallization treatment is first performed on the two sides of the connector 124 connecting the slow-wave circuit 122 and the inner wall of the shell 121, such as by gluing or other fixing methods, and metal plates are fixed on the two sides of the connector 124, and then the shell 121 and the connector 124 are fixedly connected by welding, and the connector 124 and the slow-wave circuit 122 are fixedly connected by welding.
  • the slow wave circuit 122 can be parallel to the top plate and the bottom plate of the housing 121.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 emitted by the electron gun 110 are located on the upper side and the lower side of the planar strip slow wave circuit 122 respectively.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 described in this implementation manner further includes a magnetic focusing system 170 , and the magnetic focusing system 170 includes a periodic permanent magnet focusing system and/or a uniform magnetic focusing system.
  • the electron beam 150 After the electron beam 150 comes out of the electron gun 110, it also needs to pass through the long and thin slow wave circuit 122.
  • the electron beam 150 and the slow wave circuit 122 interact with each other, in order to obtain sufficient energy exchange, it is necessary to constrain the electron beam 150 to be as close to the slow wave circuit 122 as possible without deviation.
  • the electrons in the electron beam 150 are negatively charged, and the negatively charged electrons will produce mutual repulsion, causing the electron beam 150 to gradually diverge and collide with the slow wave circuit 122, which is not conducive to the beam wave interaction between the electron beam 150 and the high-frequency electromagnetic field.
  • the electron beam 150 collides with the slow wave line to generate a large amount of heat, which is easy to cause thermal runaway, and in severe cases, burn the slow wave line.
  • the magnetic field generated by the magnetic focusing system 170 can constrain the shape of the electron beam 150 in the housing 121, so that it can smoothly pass through the slow-wave structure 120, and an effective beam-wave interaction is generated between the electron beam 150 and the electromagnetic field.
  • the magnetic focusing system 170 keeps the electron beam 150 in the desired shape, so that the electron beam 150 smoothly passes through the slow-wave circuit 122 and effectively interacts with the electromagnetic field.
  • the uniform magnetic focusing system can be a magnet structure with a uniformly distributed magnetic field, which can be divided into two types: a permanent magnet structure and an electromagnetic structure.
  • the slow wave circuit is in a uniform magnetic field.
  • the electron gun 110 can also be in a uniform magnetic field, so that the movement direction of the electron beam 150 is parallel to the magnetic field lines.
  • the stronger the magnetic field the better the focusing effect and the higher the focusing stability.
  • Periodic permanent magnetic focusing can be a series of magnetic lenses with positive and negative polarities connected in series. The selection of lens parameters can make the focusing force of the periodic magnetic field averaged and offset the divergent force of the electron beam space charge. Periodic permanent magnetic focusing is divided into radial field focusing (magnetic ring radial magnetization) and axial field focusing (magnetic ring axial magnetization). Periodic permanent magnetic focusing is relatively light and suitable for slender systems and slender electron beams.
  • the magnetic focusing system 170 includes a first magnetic focusing body 171 and a second magnetic focusing body 172, and the first magnetic focusing body 171 and the second magnetic focusing body 172 are located on both sides of the slow-wave structure 120.
  • the first magnetic focusing body 171 is located on the upper side of the slow-wave structure 120
  • the second magnetic focusing body 172 is located on the lower side of the slow-wave structure 120
  • the slow-wave structure 120 is located between the first magnetic focusing body 171 and the second magnetic focusing body 172.
  • the first magnetic focusing body 171 and the second magnetic focusing body 172 each include a plurality of magnetic focusing pieces 173 , and the magnetic focusing pieces 173 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length direction of the slow-wave mechanism 120 to form the magnetic focusing system 170 described in this embodiment.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 described in this implementation further includes a centralized attenuator 180 , which is located between the slow-wave circuit 122 and the inner wall of the housing 121 , and is fixed on the inner wall of the housing 121 .
  • the concentrated attenuator is composed of a lossy coating or a lossy ceramic sheet, which can prevent parasitic oscillation from occurring in the traveling wave tube amplifier 100.
  • the reflected wave is absorbed by the concentrated attenuator 180, which can effectively eliminate feedback and prevent the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 from oscillating.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 described in this implementation manner further includes a collector 160 , and the collector 160 is located on a side of the slow wave mechanism 120 from which the electron beam 150 is emitted.
  • the electron gun 110 is located at the left end of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100, the slow wave structure 120 is located in the middle section of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100, and the collector 160 is located on the right side of the slow wave structure 120.
  • the electron gun 110 emits an electron beam 150 to the right, and the slow wave structure 120 is also provided with an electromagnetic wave input window 125 and an electromagnetic wave output window 126.
  • the electromagnetic wave input signal enters the slow wave structure 120 through the electromagnetic wave input window 125.
  • the electron beam 150, the slow wave circuit 122 and the electromagnetic wave interact with each other, and the electromagnetic wave after power amplification is output from the electromagnetic wave output window 126.
  • the electron beam 150 passes through the slow wave structure 120 from the left to the right, and is emitted on the right side of the slow wave structure 120.
  • the emitted electron beam 150 is collected by the collector 160.
  • the present application provides a specific implementation of an electron gun 110.
  • the electron gun 110 includes a gun housing 116, and the shape of the gun housing 116 is not limited.
  • the gun housing 116 is in a square box shape, and the shape of the shell 121 of the slow-wave structure 120 can match the shape of the gun housing 116, or can be different shapes, and the gun housing 116 and the shell 121 are sealed and connected.
  • a plurality of emitting assemblies 111 are arranged in the gun housing 116.
  • the gun housing 116 has a hollow cavity, and the emitting assemblies 111 are located in the hollow cavity.
  • the plurality of emitting assemblies 111 are arranged side by side in the gun housing 116, and the electron beams 150 emitted by the emitting assemblies 111 are parallel.
  • this embodiment takes two transmitting components 111 as an example.
  • the two transmitting components 111 are arranged with a certain gap between the two transmitting components 111, so that after emitting two electron beams 150, the two electron beams 150 can be located on the upper and lower sides of the planar strip slow-wave circuit 122.
  • the emission assembly 111 includes a cathode 112 and a first anode 113.
  • the cathode 112 can emit an electron beam 150 after being energized.
  • the first anode 113 is located on the right side of the cathode 112. After the first anode 113 is energized, a potential difference is generated between the first anode 113 and the cathode 112 to accelerate the electron beam 150.
  • the magnitude of the potential difference between the first anode 113 and the cathode 112 can be adjusted to adjust the speed of the electron beam 150.
  • the cathode 112 can be one of a hot cathode, a cold cathode, a plasma cathode, a virtual cathode, or a photocathode, etc., and is selected according to actual needs.
  • the emitting assembly 111 further includes a focusing electrode 114, which is located between the cathode 112 and the first anode 113.
  • a focusing electrode 114 which is located between the cathode 112 and the first anode 113.
  • the focusing electrode 114 can generate a certain magnetic field, and the shape of the electron beam 150 is constrained by the magnetic field, and the electron beam 150 is focused and compressed.
  • the focusing electrode 114 has a focusing channel 1141, and the electron beam 150 emitted by the cathode 112 passes through the focusing channel 1141, and the focusing channel 1141 constrains the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam 150.
  • FIG14 shows a schematic longitudinal section diagram of the electron gun 110, which only shows the longitudinal section of the focusing electrode 114.
  • the focusing electrode 114 is a cylindrical structure as a whole, and can be a cylindrical, elliptical or cylindrical cylinder.
  • the focusing channel 1141 is a through channel inside the cylindrical focusing electrode 114, and the electron beam 150 passes through the focusing channel 1141.
  • the focusing channel 1141 is located on the circumferential outer side of the electron beam 150 to constrain the shape of the electron beam 150.
  • the first anode 113 has an acceleration channel 1131 inside, and the acceleration channel 1131 is a through channel of the cylindrical first anode 113 .
  • the electron beam 150 passes through the acceleration channel 1131 and is emitted from the electron gun 110 in a beam shape.
  • the cross-section of the focusing channel 1141 can be a rectangle, trapezoid, ellipse, circle or other regular or irregular structure, so that the cross-section of the electron beam 150 passing through the focusing channel 1141 is a square, trapezoid, ellipse or circle.
  • the cross-section of the acceleration channel 1131 can be a rectangle, trapezoid, ellipse, circle or other regular or irregular structure, so that the cross-section of the electron injection 150 passing through the acceleration channel 1131 is a square, trapezoid, ellipse or circle, and the electron injection 150 is strip-shaped, elliptical or cylindrical as a whole.
  • the shapes of the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 may be the same or different.
  • the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 jointly constrain the shape of the electron beam 150.
  • the cross-sections of the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 are both rectangular, and the cross-sections of the electron beam 150 emitted from the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 are rectangular, and the electron beam 150 is in a ribbon shape (flat ribbon shape) as a whole.
  • the cross-sections of the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 are both trapezoidal, the cross-sections of the electron beam 150 emitted from the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 are trapezoidal, wherein, as shown in FIG. 15 , the upper base and the lower base of the trapezoid are longer than the waist, so that the electron beam 150 is also in a ribbon shape (flat ribbon shape) as a whole.
  • the cross sections of the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 are both elliptical
  • the cross sections of the electron beam 150 emitted from the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 are elliptical, and the electron beam 150 is elliptical in shape as a whole.
  • the strip structure described in the present application refers to the overall shape of the electron beam 150 and the slow-wave circuit 122, which has two nearly parallel surfaces, such as the upper side surface and the lower side surface are parallel to each other (when the upper side surface and the lower side surface are both planes, the two planes are parallel; when the upper side surface and the lower side surface are both curved surfaces, the curvature of the curved surface is small and approximates to a plane), and the widths of the upper side surface and the lower side surface are similar, and the thickness between the upper side surface and the lower side surface is small relative to the width of the upper side surface, presenting a flat strip structure.
  • the shapes of the focusing channel 1141 and the accelerating channel 1131 may also be different, wherein the focusing channel 1141 may play a major role in constraining the shape of the electron beam 150.
  • the cross section of the focusing channel 1141 is elliptical, and the cross section of the electron beam 150 emitted from the focusing channel 1141 is elliptical;
  • the cross section of the accelerating channel 1131 is rectangular, and although the accelerating channel 1131 also has some influence on the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam 150, the shape will not be changed to a large extent, and the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam 150 presents an intermediate state shape from elliptical to rectangular, and still presents a band-like structure as a whole.
  • the electron beam 150 emitted by the electron gun 110 is in a strip shape, and the strip-shaped electron beam 150 may be parallel to the planar strip-shaped slow-wave circuit 122 .
  • This embodiment takes two emission components 111 as an example, as shown in FIG. 14, the emission component 111 includes a first emission component 1111 and a second emission component 1112, the first emission component 1111 and the second emission component 1112 have the same structure, and the first emission component 1111 and the second emission component 1112 are arranged side by side.
  • the first emission component 1111 is used to emit a first electron beam 151
  • the second emission component is used to emit a second electron beam 152.
  • the electron gun 110 described in this embodiment can achieve the function of power enhancement without increasing the volume and hardware complexity of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100, or the volume of the traveling wave tube amplifier is increased to a low degree; and because the second emission component 1112 has a relatively large degree of freedom in adjusting the current size, the power adjustment range of the traveling wave tube amplifier is increased.
  • the emission assembly 111 described in this implementation further includes a second anode 115 , and the acceleration channel of the first anode 113 and the acceleration channel of the second anode 115 are interconnected. After the electron beam 150 is ejected from the acceleration channel of the first anode 113 , it enters the acceleration channel of the second anode 115 .
  • the second anode 115 can be located on the side of the first anode 113 away from the cathode 112.
  • the first anode 113 can realize the emission and shutoff of the electron beam 150 under the control of the control module; the emission current can also be regulated by adjusting the power supply voltage of the first anode 113, and the working power of the electron beam 150 can be adjusted, so that the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 can increase the power of the electromagnetic wave at different levels.
  • the first anode 113 in the upper emission component 111 can be powered so that the upper emission component 111 emits the first electron beam 151; when it is necessary to emit the second electron beam 152, the first anode 113 in the lower emission component 111 can be powered so that the lower emission component 111 emits the second electron beam 152.
  • the second anode 115 can achieve the consistency of the voltage required when the electron beam 150 interacts with different slow wave structure 120 channels and keep the voltage constant.
  • the first anode 113 is always open, and the first anode 113 can also be used to adjust the power of the electron beam 150 emitted by its corresponding cathode 112.
  • This embodiment provides a plurality of anodes such as the first anode 113 and the second anode 115, which is conducive to the formation of the electron beam 150, prevents the electron beam 150 from backflowing or back bombarding, and makes the adjustment of the electron beam 150 more flexible.
  • the second anode 115 can maintain 10kv, and the first anode 113 can be adjusted to 8-9kv, which is more flexible.
  • the electron gun 110 may emit multiple electron beams 150 , and at least some of the multiple electron beams 150 have different vertical distances from the slow-wave circuit 122 , which may be completely different or partially different.
  • the multi-beam electron beam 150 includes a first electron beam 151 and a second electron beam 152.
  • the first electron beam 151 is located above the slow wave circuit 122, and the second electron beam 152 is located below the slow wave circuit 122.
  • the distance between the first electron beam 151 and the slow wave circuit 122 is L1
  • the distance between the second electron beam 152 and the slow wave circuit 122 is L2.
  • the distance L1 is smaller than the distance L2, and the first electron beam 151 is closer to the slow wave circuit 122 than the second electron beam 152.
  • the second electron beam 152 is further away from the slow wave circuit 122 than the first electron beam 151, which can reduce the interception rate of the second electron beam 152 by the energized circuit of the slow wave circuit 122.
  • the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave output power can also be controlled by controlling the distance between the electron beam 150 and the planar slow wave circuit 122.
  • the electron gun 110 may emit multiple electron beams 150 , and the cross-sectional areas of at least some of the multiple electron beams 150 are different, and may be completely different or partially different.
  • the multi-beam electron beam 150 includes a first electron beam 151 and a second electron beam 152.
  • the first electron beam 151 is located above the slow wave circuit 122, and the second electron beam 152 is located below the slow wave circuit 122.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first electron beam 151 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second electron beam 152.
  • first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 have different cross-sectional areas, different currents can be generated.
  • the total power generated by the second electron beam 152 is less than the power generated by the first electron beam 151.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 can be set to be different so that the powers of the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 are different, thereby forming three working modes: emitting only the first electron beam 151, emitting only the second electron beam 152, and emitting the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 at the same time.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 can be selected according to the actual use scenario of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100.
  • an electron gun 110 capable of emitting a second electron beam 152 with a larger cross-sectional area is selected; when a lower radiation power is required in the high power mode, an electron gun 110 capable of emitting a second electron beam 152 with a smaller cross-sectional area is selected.
  • an electron gun 110 capable of emitting a first electron beam 151 with a larger cross-sectional area is selected; when a lower radiation power is required in the low power mode, an electron gun 110 capable of emitting a first electron beam 151 with a smaller cross-sectional area is selected.
  • the present application also provides an electron beam emission control method, which is applied to the traveling wave tube amplifier described in any of the above embodiments, specifically comprising:
  • the working mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier can be calculated according to the electromagnetic wave input signal power and the target output power, or the working mode can be determined by obtaining a mode signal or a mode instruction sent externally, and the working mode includes a first working mode (low power mode) and a second working mode (high power mode);
  • the power connection circuit in the traveling wave tube amplifier drives a part of the multiple transmitting components 111 to emit electron beams 150. This part of the electron beams 150 can enter the slow wave structure 120 to interact with each other to enhance the power of the electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier operates in the first working state.
  • the power-connected circuit drives another part of the multiple transmitting components 111 to emit electron beams 150, or the power-connected circuit drives all of the multiple transmitting components 111 to emit electron beams 150.
  • the electron beams 150 emitted in this mode enter the slow-wave structure 120 to interact with each other to enhance the power of the electromagnetic wave signal, and the degree of power increase in the second working mode is greater than that in the first working mode.
  • the present application controls the emission of electron beams in the traveling wave tube amplifier to control the traveling wave tube amplifier to emit different numbers of electron beams, so as to realize the traveling wave tube amplifier working in different power enhancement modes.
  • the present application also provides a power enhancement system, including the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the power enhancement system can be applied to base stations of radio frequency, microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave (THz), and can also be applied to wireless communication system application scenarios such as satellite payloads of the above electromagnetic waves.
  • the power enhancement system can receive electromagnetic wave input signals and perform digital-to-analog conversion and other processing on the input signals.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 can determine whether to operate in a high power mode or a low power mode according to the coverage area of the wireless communication system, and amplify the power of electromagnetic waves in the corresponding power mode with high working efficiency.
  • the power enhancement system further includes a power module 200 and a control module 300.
  • the power module 200 and the control module 300 are electrically connected, and the power module 200 can supply power to the control module 300.
  • the power module 200 and the control module 300 are communicatively connected, and the control module 300 can control whether the power module 200 supplies power to the outside.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 has an electron gun 110, which can emit multiple electron beams 150.
  • This embodiment takes the emission of two electron beams 150 as an example, and the electron gun 110 includes a first emission component 1111 and a second emission component 1112, wherein the first emission component 1111 is used to emit the first electron beam 151, and the second emission component 1112 is used to emit the second electron beam 152.
  • the control module 300 When the power enhancement system needs to work in the low power mode, the control module 300 generates a corresponding control signal and sends the corresponding control signal to the power module 200. Under the control instruction corresponding to the control signal, the power module 200 only supplies power to the first transmitting component 1111, but not to the second transmitting component 1112. At this time, the first transmitting component 1111 only emits the first electron beam 151, and the second transmitting component 1112 does not emit the second electron beam 152.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only contains the first electron beam 151 and the slow wave line 122 to interact with each other, so as to amplify the electromagnetic wave at a relatively low power.
  • the control module 300 When the power enhancement system needs to work in the high power mode, the control module 300 generates a corresponding control signal, and the control instruction corresponding to the control signal can control the power module 200 to simultaneously supply power to the first transmitting component 1111 and the second transmitting component 1112.
  • the first transmitting component 1111 emits a first electron beam 151
  • the second transmitting component 1112 emits a second electron beam 152.
  • the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152 interact with the slow wave line 122 at the same time to amplify the electromagnetic wave at a relatively high power.
  • the operating power of the electromagnetic wave after being amplified in the high power mode is greater than the operating power after being amplified in the low power mode.
  • the power enhancement system is provided with buttons for low power mode and high power mode.
  • the control module 300 When the button corresponding to the low power mode is closed, the control module 300 generates a corresponding control signal, and the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 emits the first electron beam 151; when the button corresponding to the high power mode is closed, the control module 300 generates a corresponding control signal, or generates a corresponding control signal and a corresponding control signal, and the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 simultaneously emits the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152.
  • the working mode of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 is controlled by the cooperation of the power module 200 and the control module 300. There is no need to improve the control structure of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100.
  • the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only needs to switch between different working modes according to the power supply mode of the power module 200, so as to match a variety of application environments.
  • the power module 200 can be electrically connected to the first anodes 113 of the plurality of transmitting components 111, respectively, so as to control whether the transmitting component 111 emits an electron beam 150 by controlling whether the first anode 113 is powered on.
  • the power enhancement system described in this implementation further includes a baseband 400, an intermediate radio frequency module 500 and an antenna 600, and the baseband 400, the intermediate radio frequency module 500, the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 and the antenna 600 are connected in sequence.
  • the power enhancement system described in this implementation takes a system architecture implemented by a single channel as an example, and mainly meets applications such as point-to-point (P2P) or point-to-multipoint (P2MP) backhaul.
  • P2P point-to-point
  • P2MP point-to-multipoint
  • the baseband 400 is used to receive an electromagnetic wave input signal, process the encoding and pre-distortion of the electromagnetic wave input signal, and send the processed electromagnetic wave signal to the intermediate RF module 500.
  • the intermediate RF module 500 can perform digital-to-analog conversion on the baseband phase signal, realize frequency conversion, amplification and filtering of the electromagnetic wave signal, and output a constant envelope phase modulated RF signal that satisfies the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 under saturation operation.
  • the electromagnetic wave input signal passes through the baseband 400, the intermediate frequency module 500 and the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 in sequence, and is power amplified.
  • the electromagnetic wave after power amplification is transmitted to other communication devices through the antenna 600.
  • the power enhancement system can switch to different working modes according to the needs to increase the power of the electromagnetic wave to different degrees, which is suitable for signal coverage in different ranges.
  • control module 300 may include a control circuit, which is communicatively connected to the baseband 400; specifically, the control circuit may be communicatively connected to the chip in the baseband 400, and the chip in the baseband 400 may generate a control signal for the electron gun 110 according to system requirements, and control the power module 200 to supply power to the electron gun 110 through the control circuit.
  • the chip of the baseband 400 receives the start signal of the low power mode, and at the same time, the chip of the baseband 400 generates a corresponding control signal, and controls the power module 200 through the control circuit according to the control signal to only supply power to the first transmitting component 1111, and the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 only emits the first electron beam 151, so as to realize the amplification of the electromagnetic wave power by the power enhancement system in the low power mode.
  • the chip of the baseband 400 receives a start signal of the high power mode, and at the same time, the chip of the baseband 400 generates a corresponding control signal, and controls the power module 200 through the control circuit according to the control signal to simultaneously supply power to the first transmitting component 1111 and the second transmitting component 1112, and the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 simultaneously emits the first electron beam 151 and the second electron beam 152, thereby realizing the amplification of the electromagnetic wave power by the power enhancement system in the high power mode.
  • the power enhancement system described in this implementation there are multiple intermediate RF modules 500 and multiple traveling wave tube amplifiers 100, multiple intermediate RF modules 500 and multiple traveling wave tube amplifiers 100 are connected one-to-one, and one intermediate RF module 500 is connected to one traveling wave tube amplifier 100.
  • the three-point figure in FIG22 means that the power enhancement system may also include other groups of intermediate RF modules 500 and traveling wave tube amplifiers 100 in series in an analog path.
  • the power supply module 200 is electrically connected to the plurality of traveling wave tube amplifiers 100, and can supply power to each traveling wave tube amplifier 100 separately, and control whether the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 is working by switching the power supply on and off.
  • the power supply module 200 is electrically connected to the plurality of transmitting components 111 in each traveling wave tube amplifier 100, and controls whether the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 is running in a low power mode or a high power mode by switching the power supply on and off.
  • the multi-channel power enhancement system mainly includes multiple analog channels, each analog channel includes at least one intermediate frequency module and one traveling wave tube amplifier, and all analog channels share a control module 300 and a power module 200.
  • the output end of the multi-channel traveling wave tube amplifier is connected to a tunable antenna, which can realize the transmission of multi-stream data and greatly improve the capacity of the system.
  • This embodiment further provides a base station, including the power enhancement system described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the base station can be applied to signal transmission of electromagnetic waves such as radio frequency, microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave (THz).
  • electromagnetic waves such as radio frequency, microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave (THz).
  • This embodiment also provides a power enhancement system control method for controlling any of the power enhancement systems described above, wherein the power enhancement system includes a traveling wave tube amplifier 100, a power module 200 and a control module 300, wherein the electron gun 110 of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes a plurality of emission components 111, the control module 300 is communicatively connected to the power module 200, and the power module 200 is electrically connected to the plurality of emission components 111, respectively.
  • the power enhancement system includes a traveling wave tube amplifier 100, a power module 200 and a control module 300, wherein the electron gun 110 of the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 includes a plurality of emission components 111, the control module 300 is communicatively connected to the power module 200, and the power module 200 is electrically connected to the plurality of emission components 111, respectively.
  • the method comprises:
  • the working mode of the power enhancement system can be calculated according to the electromagnetic wave input signal power and the target output power, or the working mode can be determined by obtaining a mode signal or mode instruction sent externally.
  • the working mode takes a high power mode and a low power mode as examples;
  • the control module 300 controls the power module 200 to supply power to the transmitting component that needs to be turned on, so that the traveling wave tube amplifier 100 emits the corresponding electron beam 150 to meet the power enhancement of the electromagnetic wave in the current working mode.
  • the power of electromagnetic waves output in different working modes is different.
  • the power of electromagnetic waves output in high power mode is greater than the power of electromagnetic waves output in low power mode.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes at least one processor, and the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory: the at least one processor is used to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the at least one memory, so that the electronic device executes a method as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides a readable storage medium for storing instructions, and when the instructions are executed, the method described in any one of the above embodiments is implemented.
  • the present application also provides a chip system, comprising: a communication interface for inputting and/or outputting information; and a processor for executing a computer program so that a device equipped with the chip system executes a control method as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • control method can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented by software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer program instructions When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the present application is generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated.
  • the available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive Solid State Disk), etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives, un système d'amélioration de puissance, une station de base et un procédé associé, qui se rapportent au domaine technique des dispositifs d'amélioration de puissance à ondes électromagnétiques. L'amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives comprend une pluralité d'ensembles émetteurs, qui sont tous disposés au niveau de la même extrémité de l'amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives ; et l'amplificateur de tube à ondes progressives comprend une pluralité de circuits de connexion d'alimentation, qui sont électriquement connectés à la pluralité d'ensembles d'émission d'une manière correspondant l'un à l'autre sur une base biunivoque, et sont utilisés pour amener les ensembles d'émission à émettre des faisceaux d'électrons, de telle sorte que l'amplificateur de tube à ondes progressives fonctionne au moins dans un premier état de fonctionnement ou un second état de fonctionnement, dans le premier état de fonctionnement, certains de la pluralité d'ensembles d'émission émettant des faisceaux d'électrons, et dans le second état de fonctionnement, les ensembles d'émission restants émettant des faisceaux d'électrons, ou la pluralité d'ensembles d'émission émettant tous des faisceaux d'électrons. Dans la présente invention, une fonction d'amélioration de puissance d'une grande plage de changement de puissance peut être obtenue au moyen d'une structure d'amplificateur de tube à ondes progressives à faisceaux d'électrons multiples, de telle sorte que l'efficacité est élevée à la fois dans un mode haute puissance et dans un mode basse puissance.
PCT/CN2022/123331 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 Amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives, système d'amélioration de puissance, station de base et procédé associé WO2024065699A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/123331 WO2024065699A1 (fr) 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 Amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives, système d'amélioration de puissance, station de base et procédé associé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/123331 WO2024065699A1 (fr) 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 Amplificateur à tube à ondes progressives, système d'amélioration de puissance, station de base et procédé associé

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040032295A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Power regulator for intermittent use of traveling wave tube amplifiers in communications satellites
CN102683141A (zh) * 2012-04-24 2012-09-19 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种集成行波管放大器
US20140253230A1 (en) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-11 Tesat-Spacecom Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for Operating a Traveling-Wave Tube Module
CN112953576A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-11 华为技术有限公司 信号发射机
CN114005717A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-02-01 南通大学 一种适用于行波管放大器的多电子注全金属慢波结构

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040032295A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Power regulator for intermittent use of traveling wave tube amplifiers in communications satellites
CN102683141A (zh) * 2012-04-24 2012-09-19 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种集成行波管放大器
US20140253230A1 (en) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-11 Tesat-Spacecom Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for Operating a Traveling-Wave Tube Module
CN112953576A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-11 华为技术有限公司 信号发射机
CN114005717A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-02-01 南通大学 一种适用于行波管放大器的多电子注全金属慢波结构

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