WO2024064804A2 - Molecularly grafted immunoglobulin with multiple functions or binding specificities - Google Patents
Molecularly grafted immunoglobulin with multiple functions or binding specificities Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024064804A2 WO2024064804A2 PCT/US2023/074758 US2023074758W WO2024064804A2 WO 2024064804 A2 WO2024064804 A2 WO 2024064804A2 US 2023074758 W US2023074758 W US 2023074758W WO 2024064804 A2 WO2024064804 A2 WO 2024064804A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antibody
- moiety
- protein
- protein complex
- cell
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 title claims description 148
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 title description 22
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 173
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 170
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 162
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 159
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 158
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 158
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 157
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- -1 GPRC5 Proteins 0.000 claims description 66
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 59
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 40
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 29
- 102000006496 Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Human genes 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010019476 Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000013463 Immunoglobulin Light Chains Human genes 0.000 claims description 18
- 108010065825 Immunoglobulin Light Chains Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000017420 CD3 protein, epsilon/gamma/delta subunit Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 108050005493 CD3 protein, epsilon/gamma/delta subunit Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 231100000599 cytotoxic agent Toxicity 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 claims description 10
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150013553 CD40 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102100040245 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 101000917858 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000003735 Mesothelin Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000015 Mesothelin Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010065805 Interleukin-12 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000013462 Interleukin-12 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000052116 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108700015053 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-[[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NC=2N=CN=C(NC=3C=C(NC(=O)C4CC4)C=CC=3)C=2)=C1 YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100038080 B-cell receptor CD22 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100024222 B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100022005 B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100032937 CD40 ligand Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100025221 CD70 antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100041003 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000884305 Homo sapiens B-cell receptor CD22 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000980825 Homo sapiens B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000897405 Homo sapiens B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000934356 Homo sapiens CD70 antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000892862 Homo sapiens Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000868279 Homo sapiens Leukocyte surface antigen CD47 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000917839 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000934338 Homo sapiens Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000851376 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940076838 Immune checkpoint inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 108050003558 Interleukin-17 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000013691 Interleukin-17 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100032913 Leukocyte surface antigen CD47 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100025243 Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101710089372 Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100026144 Transferrin receptor protein 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100036857 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004037 angiogenesis inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012274 immune-checkpoint protein inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001481 poly(stearyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000861 pro-apoptotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BGFTWECWAICPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-n-[3-[bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-n,1-n-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C(N(C)C)=CC=C1NC(C=1)=CC=C(N(C)C)C=1C(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BGFTWECWAICPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091023037 Aptamer Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010008014 B-Cell Maturation Antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000006942 B-Cell Maturation Antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100027207 CD27 antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010029697 CD40 Ligand Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010021064 CTLA-4 Antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940045513 CTLA4 antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100039498 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100030595 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000914511 Homo sapiens CD27 antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101001082627 Homo sapiens HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101001103039 Homo sapiens Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101001133056 Homo sapiens Mucin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000623901 Homo sapiens Mucin-16 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000972282 Homo sapiens Mucin-5AC Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101001103036 Homo sapiens Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000914484 Homo sapiens T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000835745 Homo sapiens Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000801234 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100039615 Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000172 Interleukin-15 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003812 Interleukin-15 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150104297 MASP1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004528 Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010042484 Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100034256 Mucin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100023123 Mucin-16 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100038567 Properdin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010005642 Properdin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710100969 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100029986 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100027222 T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100026404 Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100033728 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002619 cytotoxin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000006815 folate receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108020005243 folate receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100035248 Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100208111 Arabidopsis thaliana TRX5 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100029822 B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024263 CD160 antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024210 CD166 antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100510617 Caenorhabditis elegans sel-8 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100025475 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100025473 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710112752 Cytotoxin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100036466 Delta-like protein 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033553 Delta-like protein 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010066687 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000018651 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100031507 Fc receptor-like protein 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000006354 HLA-DR Antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010058597 HLA-DR Antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001022185 Homo sapiens Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000864344 Homo sapiens B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000761938 Homo sapiens CD160 antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000980840 Homo sapiens CD166 antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000914324 Homo sapiens Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000914326 Homo sapiens Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000928513 Homo sapiens Delta-like protein 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000872077 Homo sapiens Delta-like protein 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000846908 Homo sapiens Fc receptor-like protein 5 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000972276 Homo sapiens Mucin-5B Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000610551 Homo sapiens Prominin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100420560 Homo sapiens SLC39A6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001018021 Homo sapiens T-lymphocyte surface antigen Ly-9 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000611023 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000851370 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100037792 Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150069255 KLRC1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100404845 Macaca mulatta NKG2A gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100335081 Mus musculus Flt3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000597780 Mus musculus Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100022682 NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100035486 Nectin-4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710043865 Nectin-4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100040120 Prominin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033447 T-lymphocyte surface antigen Ly-9 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000499 Thromboplastin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100030859 Tissue factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108050003222 Transferrin receptor protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100035283 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100040403 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100036856 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100023144 Zinc transporter ZIP6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127276 delta-like ligand 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 108040002039 interleukin-15 receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000008616 interleukin-15 receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108040001304 interleukin-17 receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000053460 interleukin-17 receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 108040006858 interleukin-6 receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100029185 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 102100022494 Mucin-5B Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010042215 OX40 Ligand Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102100026890 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010085220 Multiprotein Complexes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 18
- 102000007474 Multiprotein Complexes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 61
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 60
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 49
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 48
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 48
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 41
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 39
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 38
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 37
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 35
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 26
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 20
- 101150044980 Akap1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 102000008394 Immunoglobulin Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 17
- 108010021625 Immunoglobulin Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 17
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 108010019670 Chimeric Antigen Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- 210000000822 natural killer cell Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 14
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 14
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000010056 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 14
- 102000001253 Protein Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 108060006633 protein kinase Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 13
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 12
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 12
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 11
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 11
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000003651 basophil Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 10
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 10
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 10
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 210000003979 eosinophil Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 102100029470 Apolipoprotein E Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 101000771674 Homo sapiens Apolipoprotein E Proteins 0.000 description 9
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 102100027212 Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 108010087819 Fc receptors Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000009109 Fc receptors Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 8
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004540 complement-dependent cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 7
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 7
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 7
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 208000015914 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000002254 cytotoxic agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 125000002228 disulfide group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 7
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 208000017604 Hodgkin disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 102100026120 IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000015696 Interleukins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010063738 Interleukins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100029193 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000562 conjugate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 6
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001360 methionine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 6
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 6
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 208000010747 Hodgkins lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 101000878602 Homo sapiens Immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101710177940 IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100038005 Immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102000004388 Interleukin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004889 Interleukin-6 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 108010003723 Single-Domain Antibodies Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 208000009956 adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmustine Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000003951 Erythropoietin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000394 Erythropoietin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 108090000176 Interleukin-13 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000003816 Interleukin-13 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 125000000998 L-alanino group Chemical group [H]N([*])[C@](C([H])([H])[H])([H])C(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 4
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100033177 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanide;cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCC1 VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960005243 carmustine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000013599 cloning vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000002169 ectodermal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940105423 erythropoietin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000000244 kidney pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009826 neoplastic cell growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002823 phage display Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 4
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108020001580 protein domains Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108010061338 ranpirnase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000004400 serine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008521 threonine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960003989 tocilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BXTJCSYMGFJEID-XMTADJHZSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2r,3r)-3-[(2s)-1-[(3r,4s,5s)-4-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[6-[3-[(2r)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl]hexanoyl-methylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]-methylamino]-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-met Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CCCCCN1C(C(SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)CC1=O)=O)C(C)C)OC)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BXTJCSYMGFJEID-XMTADJHZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 3
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6S-folinic acid Natural products C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100026882 Alpha-synuclein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 241000024188 Andala Species 0.000 description 3
- 102400000068 Angiostatin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010079709 Angiostatins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010004593 Bile duct cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010071942 Colony-Stimulating Factors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010047041 Complementarity Determining Regions Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010010452 Congenital ectodermal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000006168 Ewing Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000004176 Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000224467 Giardia intestinalis Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100026122 High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101000834898 Homo sapiens Alpha-synuclein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000913074 Homo sapiens High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000917826 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000917824 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101001109501 Homo sapiens NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000611936 Homo sapiens Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000652359 Homo sapiens Spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010073807 IgG Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000009490 IgG Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000014429 Insulin-like growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lomustine Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1CCCCC1 GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100029204 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100022496 Mucin-5AC Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000033776 Myeloid Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000729 N-terminal amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 102100022680 NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000034176 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000043276 Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010061328 Ovarian epithelial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100033237 Pro-epidermal growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710098940 Pro-epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100024216 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000021712 Soft tissue sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010088160 Staphylococcal Protein A Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000036693 Thrombopoietin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010041111 Thrombopoietin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000002689 Toll-like receptor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020000411 Toll-like receptor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004338 Transferrin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000901 Transferrin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108091008605 VEGF receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000033559 Waldenström macroglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000008383 Wilms tumor Diseases 0.000 description 3
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940125644 antibody drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940009098 aspartate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FZCSTZYAHCUGEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N aspergillomarasmine B Natural products OC(=O)CNC(C(O)=O)CNC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O FZCSTZYAHCUGEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003008 blinatumomab Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 201000008274 breast adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004978 chinese hamster ovary cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000032852 chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000139 costimulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-camptothecin Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000008191 folinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011672 folinic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N folinic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 3
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000004554 glutamine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002267 hypothalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000026278 immune system disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-AHCXROLUSA-N indium-111 Chemical compound [111In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-AHCXROLUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940047124 interferons Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940047122 interleukins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960001691 leucovorin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002247 lomustine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N mithramycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H](C)[C@H]1O)OC=1C=C2C=C3C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C(O)C=1C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@](C)(O)C3)C2)C1)[C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000025113 myeloid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000000581 natural killer T-cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229960003171 plicamycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960000624 procarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N procarbazine Chemical compound CNNCC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(C)C)C=C1 CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003127 radioimmunoassay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000009410 rhabdomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000037969 squamous neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000005026 transcription initiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012581 transferrin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 102100025573 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 1-oxidanylurea Chemical compound N[14C](=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGOOQMRIPALTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-N,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-3-quinolinecarboxamide Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2N(C)C(=O)C=1C(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SGOOQMRIPALTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100031585 ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010066676 Abrin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000036832 Adenocarcinoma of ovary Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010052747 Adenocarcinoma pancreas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010079054 Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000014303 Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010061424 Anal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100021569 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010024976 Asparaginase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000035913 Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090001008 Avidin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000010839 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010074708 B7-H1 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100031650 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700012439 CA9 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camptothecin Natural products CCC1(O)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C3C4Nc5ccccc5C=C4CN3C2=O KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100024423 Carbonic anhydrase 9 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010007953 Central nervous system lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloditan Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWFCHDSQECPREK-LURJTMIESA-N Cidofovir Chemical compound NC=1C=CN(C[C@@H](CO)OCP(O)(O)=O)C(=O)N=1 VWFCHDSQECPREK-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100031162 Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010028780 Complement C3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016918 Complement C3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000002699 Digestive System Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010079505 Endostatins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000057955 Eosinophil Cationic Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700016749 Eosinophil Cationic Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010014967 Ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108060002716 Exonuclease Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010067306 Fibronectins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010451 Folate receptor alpha Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050001931 Folate receptor alpha Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000012673 Follicle Stimulating Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010079345 Follicle Stimulating Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710109169 Formyl peptide receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000050449 Formyl peptide receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700004714 Gelonium multiflorum GEL Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004269 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010017213 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100039939 Growth/differentiation factor 8 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000037262 Hepatitis delta Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000724709 Hepatitis delta virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100022623 Hepatocyte growth factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000709721 Hepatovirus A Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Histamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CN=CN1 NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000021519 Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101000777636 Homo sapiens ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000922348 Homo sapiens C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000972946 Homo sapiens Hepatocyte growth factor receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000599852 Homo sapiens Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000853002 Homo sapiens Interleukin-25 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000878605 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001128431 Homo sapiens Myeloid-derived growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001059802 Homo sapiens N-formyl peptide receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000589305 Homo sapiens Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000610605 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000818522 Homo sapiens fMet-Leu-Phe receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000700588 Human alphaherpesvirus 1 Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000701074 Human alphaherpesvirus 2 Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 2
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Idarubicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Idarubicin Natural products C1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2CC(O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091008026 Inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000037984 Inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100037877 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010072621 Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000006940 Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091092195 Intron Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005551 L01XE03 - Erlotinib Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002177 L01XE27 - Ibrutinib Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100038007 Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000009151 Luteinizing Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010073521 Luteinizing Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000031422 Lymphocytic Chronic B-Cell Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010000410 MSH receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108700018351 Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100031789 Myeloid-derived growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100021126 N-formyl peptide receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010004217 Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010004222 Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100032870 Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100032851 Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100032852 Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000029067 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000007641 Pinealoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000003946 Prolactin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010057464 Prolactin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100036735 Prostate stem cell antigen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710120463 Prostate stem cell antigen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 101000762949 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) Exotoxin A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000015634 Rectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000004453 Retinal Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000000582 Retinoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010039491 Ricin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010061934 Salivary gland cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700026226 TATA Box Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150117918 Tacstd2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N Tamoxifen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940123237 Taxane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 108010008125 Tenascin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100038126 Tenascin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000024313 Testicular Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiotepa Chemical compound C1CN1P(N1CC1)(=S)N1CC1 FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000011923 Thyrotropin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010061174 Thyrotropin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000002474 Tinea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010033576 Transferrin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100040113 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100022153 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710165473 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD55612 Natural products N1C(O)C2CC(C=CC(N)=O)=CN2C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C(O)=C12 VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000023915 Ureteral Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010046392 Ureteric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000000188 Vaccinium ovalifolium Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010053099 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940122803 Vinca alkaloid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010047741 Vulval cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000004354 Vulvar Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-OUBTZVSYSA-N Yttrium-90 Chemical compound [90Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000446 abciximab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950005008 abituzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950008347 abrilumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000017733 acquired polycythemia vera Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950004283 actoxumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000020990 adrenal cortex carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000548 alemtuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940045799 anthracyclines and related substance Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-HYUHUPJXSA-N anthramycin Chemical compound N1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2CC(\C=C\C(N)=O)=CN2C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C(O)=C12 VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-HYUHUPJXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000005888 antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008135 aqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940090047 auto-injector Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002170 azathioprine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azathioprine Chemical compound CN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002707 bendamustine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- MJQUEDHRCUIRLF-TVIXENOKSA-N bryostatin 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC(/[C@@H]([C@@](C(C)(C)/C=C/2)(O)O1)OC(=O)/C=C/C=C/CCC)=C\C(=O)OC)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@@H](O1)C[C@H](OC(C)=O)C(C)(C)[C@]1(O)C[C@@H]1C\C(=C\C(=O)OC)C[C@H]\2O1 MJQUEDHRCUIRLF-TVIXENOKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005539 bryostatin 1 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N camptothecin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940127093 camptothecin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940022399 cancer vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009566 cancer vaccine Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960005395 cetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000724 cidofovir Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001338 colchicine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000010989 colorectal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010052015 cytokine release syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoliosyl-3C-alpha-L-digitoxosyl-MTM Natural products CC=1C(O)=C2C(O)=C3C(=O)C(OC4OC(C)C(O)C(OC5OC(C)C(O)C(OC6OC(C)C(O)C(C)(O)C6)C5)C4)C(C(OC)C(=O)C(O)C(C)O)CC3=CC2=CC=1OC(OC(C)C1O)CC1OC1CC(O)C(O)C(C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000032 diagnostic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940039227 diagnostic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007876 drug discovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012893 effector ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HESCAJZNRMSMJG-HGYUPSKWSA-N epothilone A Natural products O=C1[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)CCC[C@H]2O[C@H]2C[C@@H](/C(=C\c2nc(C)sc2)/C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C1(C)C HESCAJZNRMSMJG-HGYUPSKWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AAKJLRGGTJKAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N erlotinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCCOC)C(OCCOC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 AAKJLRGGTJKAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001433 erlotinib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001842 estramustine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FRPJXPJMRWBBIH-RBRWEJTLSA-N estramustine Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C(=O)OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 FRPJXPJMRWBBIH-RBRWEJTLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102000013165 exonuclease Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100021145 fMet-Leu-Phe receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 201000010103 fibrous dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N floxuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002866 fluorescence resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940028334 follicle stimulating hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950004356 foralumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002584 gefitinib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XGALLCVXEZPNRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gefitinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCCCN3CCOCC3)C(OC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C1 XGALLCVXEZPNRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N genistein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003463 hyperproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000003535 hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000035128 hypohidrotic/hair/tooth type autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia 10B Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000032771 hypohidrotic/hair/tooth type autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia 11B Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960001507 ibrutinib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XYFPWWZEPKGCCK-GOSISDBHSA-N ibrutinib Chemical compound C1=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N([C@H]2CN(CCC2)C(=O)C=C)N=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 XYFPWWZEPKGCCK-GOSISDBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000908 idarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003445 idelalisib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YKLIKGKUANLGSB-HNNXBMFYSA-N idelalisib Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC=2[C]3N=CN=C3N=CN=2)CC)=NC2=CC=CC(F)=C2C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 YKLIKGKUANLGSB-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012642 immune effector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004153 islets of langerhan Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002617 leukotrienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940040129 luteinizing hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000003747 lymphoid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020984 malignant renal pelvis neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine Chemical compound ClCCN(C)CCCl HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004961 mechlorethamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000023356 medullary thyroid gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037970 metastatic squamous neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000350 mitotane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mitoxantrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001156 mitoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003816 muromonab-cd3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000005962 mycosis fungoides Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960003347 obinutuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229950002610 otelixizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000013371 ovarian adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000006588 ovary adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000002094 pancreatic adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000002530 pancreatic endocrine carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006320 pegylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002621 pembrolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORMNNUPLFAPCFD-DVLYDCSHSA-M phenethicillin potassium Chemical compound [K+].N([C@@H]1C(N2[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21)C([O-])=O)=O)C(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ORMNNUPLFAPCFD-DVLYDCSHSA-M 0.000 description 2
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonoformic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)P(O)(O)=O ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002428 photodynamic therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001126 phototherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 108700028325 pokeweed antiviral Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008488 polyadenylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000037244 polycythemia vera Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000036515 potency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000016800 primary central nervous system lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940097325 prolactin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000159 protein binding assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000012743 protein tagging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010038038 rectal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000001275 rectum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000007444 renal pelvis carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004641 rituximab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003522 roquinimex Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000017572 squamous cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WINHZLLDWRZWRT-ATVHPVEESA-N sunitinib Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C/2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3NC\2=O)=C1C WINHZLLDWRZWRT-ATVHPVEESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020382 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000008205 supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950010127 teplizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960003433 thalidomide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010044412 transitional cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960000575 trastuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950007217 tremelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000000626 ureter Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000011294 ureter cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229950004393 visilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000239 visual pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004400 visual pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHNFPRLDDSXQCL-UAZQEYIDSA-N α-msh Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(C)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WHNFPRLDDSXQCL-UAZQEYIDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AADVCYNFEREWOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-DDM Natural products C=CC=CC(C)C(OC(N)=O)C(C)C(O)C(C)CC(C)=CC(C)C(O)C(C)C=CC(O)CC1OC(=O)C(C)C(O)C1C AADVCYNFEREWOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFZSNESUTRVBQX-XEURHVNRSA-N (2S)-2-amino-6-[4-[[3-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl]oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-methylamino]-3-oxopropyl]disulfanyl]pentanoylamino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1\C=C\C=C(C)\Cc2cc(OC)c(Cl)c(c2)N(C)C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCSSC(C)CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)[C@]2(C)O[C@H]2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C[C@@]1(O)NC(=O)O2 MFZSNESUTRVBQX-XEURHVNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIAQXXUVRINCI-LBAQZLPGSA-N (2S)-2-amino-6-[[4-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]phenyl]carbamothioylamino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound N[C@@H](CCCCNC(=S)Nc1ccc(CC(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)cc1)C(O)=O FOIAQXXUVRINCI-LBAQZLPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXOMSWXCVZBBIV-PQKSKRJKSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-amino-2-methyl-6-[[(1S,3S)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-tetracen-1-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O PXOMSWXCVZBBIV-PQKSKRJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JARGNLJYKBUKSJ-KGZKBUQUSA-N (2r)-2-amino-5-[[(2r)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.OC(=O)[C@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O JARGNLJYKBUKSJ-KGZKBUQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFRNYXJJRJQHNW-DEMKXPNLSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2r,3r)-3-methoxy-3-[(2s)-1-[(3r,4s,5s)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-[methyl-[(2s)-3-methyl-2-[[(2s)-3-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]heptanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)[C@H](OC)CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MFRNYXJJRJQHNW-DEMKXPNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOWDZACBATWTAU-FEFUEGSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-n-[(3r,4s,5s)-1-[(2s)-2-[(1r,2r)-3-[[(1s,2r)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-n,3-dimethylbutanamide Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)[C@H](OC)CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WOWDZACBATWTAU-FEFUEGSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMEWRPBAQVSBBB-GOTSBHOMSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-[[2-[2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZMEWRPBAQVSBBB-GOTSBHOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSAKVDNHFRWJKS-IIZANFQQSA-N (2s)-n-benzyl-1-[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]-methylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(=O)NCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCC1 XSAKVDNHFRWJKS-IIZANFQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APOKYMYZOKIMLM-LUMVZWMBSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[4-[[(2s,3s,4s,6r)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[[(1s,3s)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2,4-dihydro-1h-tetracen-1-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]carbamoyloxymethyl]-2-nitrophenoxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@@H](C)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)C(=O)OCC(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O APOKYMYZOKIMLM-LUMVZWMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URCVASXWNJQAEH-HDWVWLDDSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-[4-[(5s,5ar,8ar,9r)-5-[[(2r,4ar,6r,7r,8r,8as)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy]-8-oxo-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5h-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxol-9-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydrox Chemical compound COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O URCVASXWNJQAEH-HDWVWLDDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFTVPQUHLQBXQZ-KVUCHLLUSA-N (4s,4as,5ar,12ar)-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C2=C(N(C)C)C=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]1(O)C2=O FFTVPQUHLQBXQZ-KVUCHLLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWTUOSWPJOUADP-XDJHFCHBSA-N (5z)-5-(4-hydroxy-6-oxo-3-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-4-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=C(O)C(C(C)C)=C\C1=C\1N(C=2C=C3C=CN(C)C3=CC=2)C(=O)NN/1 MWTUOSWPJOUADP-XDJHFCHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8S)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NCC2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 description 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOHXWSHGANNQGO-DSIKUUPMSA-N 1-amino-4-[[5-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl]oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-methylamino]-2-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]disulfanyl]-1-oxobutane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CO[C@@H]([C@@]1(O)C[C@H](OC(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCC(C)(C)SSCCC(C(N)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)CC(=O)N1C)\C=C\C=C(C)\CC2=CC(OC)=C(Cl)C1=C2 ZOHXWSHGANNQGO-DSIKUUPMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-beta-D-Xylofuranosyl-NH-Cytosine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylethyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCCC(C)CC=CC(C)=CC(=O)OC(C)C NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAWSQZCWOQZXHI-FQEVSTJZSA-N 10-Hydroxycamptothecin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 HAWSQZCWOQZXHI-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-HVTJNCQCSA-N 10043-66-0 Chemical compound [131I][131I] PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-HVTJNCQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIMQWRZWLQKKBJ-SFHVURJKSA-N 2-[(2S)-1-[3-ethyl-7-[(1-oxido-3-pyridin-1-iumyl)methylamino]-5-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl]-2-piperidinyl]ethanol Chemical compound C=1C(N2[C@@H](CCCC2)CCO)=NC2=C(CC)C=NN2C=1NCC1=CC=C[N+]([O-])=C1 PIMQWRZWLQKKBJ-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTLLEIBWKHEHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-4-phosphonooxyhexanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C(C(C1O)O)OC1COC1C(CO)OC(OC(C(O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)C1O OTLLEIBWKHEHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTQWWZBSTRGEAV-PKHIMPSTSA-N 2-[[(2s)-2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-[4-(methylcarbamoylamino)phenyl]propyl]-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](CN(CC(C)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)C=C1 RTQWWZBSTRGEAV-PKHIMPSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSPQCTGGIANIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C(N)=O)C(CCCC2)=C2S1 FSPQCTGGIANIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZEUHQHUFTYLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroimidazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC=CN1 YZEUHQHUFTYLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMDLWDNDGKDTJ-QLKYHASDSA-N 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyanomorpholin-4-yl)doxorubicin Chemical compound N1([C@H]2C[C@@H](O[C@@H](C)[C@H]2O)O[C@H]2C[C@@](O)(CC=3C(O)=C4C(=O)C=5C=CC=C(C=5C(=O)C4=C(O)C=32)OC)C(=O)CO)CCOCC1C#N YIMDLWDNDGKDTJ-QLKYHASDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxy-15-(4-hydroxy-18-methoxycarbonyl-5,18-seco-ibogamin-18-yl)-16-methoxy-1-methyl-6,7-didehydro-aspidospermidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUIABRMSWOKTOF-OYALTWQYSA-N 3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2s,3r)-2-[[(2s,3s,4r)-4-[[(2s,3r)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1s)-3-amino-1-[[(2s)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6s)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)ox Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C WUIABRMSWOKTOF-OYALTWQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940125673 3C-like protease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- APRZHQXAAWPYHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[5-[3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl]-3-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)tetrazol-3-ium-2-yl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound S1C(C)=C(C)N=C1[N+]1=NC(C=2C=C(OCC(O)=O)C=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 APRZHQXAAWPYHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbutyric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022464 5'-nucleotidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Azacytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDPUKCWIGUEADI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]uracil Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C1=CNC(=O)NC1=O IDPUKCWIGUEADI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 5-azacytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJZJYWCQPMNPRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethyl-1-[3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propoxy]-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1(C)N=C(N)N=C(N)N1OCCCOC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MJZJYWCQPMNPRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023990 60S ribosomal protein L17 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150046224 ABAT gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002008 AIDS-Related Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030963 Activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010059616 Activins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010000830 Acute leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023635 Alpha-fetoprotein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710092462 Alpha-hemolysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710197219 Alpha-toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034608 Angiopoietin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010048036 Angiopoietin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000003076 Angiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001454 Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000244023 Anisakis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010002556 Ankylosing Spondylitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010049777 Ankyrins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008102 Ankyrins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083359 Antigen Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020000948 Antisense Oligonucleotides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007860 Anus Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000642536 Apis mellifera Venom serine protease 34 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710095342 Apolipoprotein B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100040202 Apolipoprotein B-100 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N Aromasine Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(=C)C2=C1 BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228193 Aspergillus clavatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228197 Aspergillus flavus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001225321 Aspergillus fumigatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000351920 Aspergillus nidulans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465318 Aspergillus terreus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010060971 Astrocytoma malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N BAY-43-9006 Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032791 BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myelogenous leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000223836 Babesia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930190007 Baccatin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100021663 Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010004146 Basal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000244183 Baylisascaris procyonis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150017888 Bcl2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000228405 Blastomyces dermatitidis Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010005913 Body tinea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100037086 Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000018084 Bone neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588832 Bordetella pertussis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589969 Borreliella burgdorferi Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000013165 Bowen disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019337 Bowen disease of the skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006143 Brain stem glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000589567 Brucella abortus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001509299 Brucella canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001148106 Brucella melitensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001148111 Brucella suis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710149863 C-C chemokine receptor type 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100032367 C-C motif chemokine 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000001433 C-terminal amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 102100032528 C-type lectin domain family 11 member A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710167766 C-type lectin domain family 11 member A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100040840 C-type lectin domain family 7 member A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032957 C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710098483 C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024217 CAMPATH-1 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229960005532 CC-1065 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100032976 CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100038077 CD226 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100038078 CD276 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710185679 CD276 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010065524 CD52 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700020472 CDC20 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HAWSQZCWOQZXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CPT-OH Natural products C1=C(O)C=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 HAWSQZCWOQZXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126609 CR6261 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FVLVBPDQNARYJU-XAHDHGMMSA-N C[C@H]1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O Chemical compound C[C@H]1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O FVLVBPDQNARYJU-XAHDHGMMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000905 Cadherin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007957 Cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100381481 Caenorhabditis elegans baz-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589875 Campylobacter jejuni Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000144583 Candida dubliniensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222173 Candida parapsilosis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222178 Candida tropicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101800000626 Canstatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102400000730 Canstatin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100024633 Carbonic anhydrase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710167917 Carbonic anhydrase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010007279 Carcinoid tumour of the gastrointestinal tract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150023302 Cdc20 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000844 Cell Surface Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001857 Cell Surface Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038099 Cell division cycle protein 20 homolog Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010008263 Cervical dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010055166 Chemokine CCL5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091007741 Chimeric antigen receptor T cells Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001647372 Chlamydia pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001647378 Chlamydia psittaci Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606153 Chlamydia trachomatis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282552 Chlorocebus aethiops Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000009016 Cholera Toxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010049048 Cholera Toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008724 Chondroectodermal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005243 Chondrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009047 Chordoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006332 Choriocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100021809 Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010008909 Chronic Hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010833 Chronic myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N Cladribine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000000304 Cleidocranial dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000193163 Clostridioides difficile Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193155 Clostridium botulinum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193449 Clostridium tetani Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000007408 Clouston syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022133 Complement C3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010028773 Complement C5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003712 Complement factor B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000056 Complement factor B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100032768 Complement receptor type 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091035707 Consensus sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186216 Corynebacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000709687 Coxsackievirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000009798 Craniopharyngioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699802 Cricetulus griseus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000150230 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007336 Cryptococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001337994 Cryptococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221204 Cryptococcus neoformans Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000008130 Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010049894 Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021906 Cyclin-O Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000016605 Cyclospora cayetanensis Species 0.000 description 1
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N Cytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-GFCCVEGCSA-N D-thyroxine Chemical compound IC1=CC(C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091008102 DNA aptamers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012626 DNA minor groove binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000626 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004163 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ZBNZXTGUTAYRHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dasatinib Chemical compound C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1Cl ZBNZXTGUTAYRHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000725619 Dengue virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005335 Dentin Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010008532 Deoxyribonuclease I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007260 Deoxyribonuclease I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700022150 Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100030074 Dickkopf-related protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N Didanosine Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO)CC[C@@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010053187 Diphtheria Toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016607 Diphtheria Toxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001137876 Diphyllobothrium Species 0.000 description 1
- AADVCYNFEREWOS-OBRABYBLSA-N Discodermolide Chemical compound C=C\C=C/[C@H](C)[C@H](OC(N)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C\C(C)=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1C AADVCYNFEREWOS-OBRABYBLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222175 Diutina rugosa Species 0.000 description 1
- LQKSHSFQQRCAFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dolastatin 15 Natural products COC1=CC(=O)N(C(=O)C(OC(=O)C2N(CCC2)C(=O)C2N(CCC2)C(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 LQKSHSFQQRCAFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001319090 Dracunculus medinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150029707 ERBB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001115402 Ebolavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000006586 Ectromelia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940126626 Ektomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000002650 Ellis-van Creveld syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009051 Embryonal Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000224432 Entamoeba histolytica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194031 Enterococcus faecium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000709661 Enterovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000991587 Enterovirus C Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000013888 Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010050456 Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010055196 EphA2 Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030340 Ephrin type-A receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031940 Epithelial cell adhesion molecule Human genes 0.000 description 1
- QXRSDHAAWVKZLJ-OXZHEXMSSA-N Epothilone B Natural products O=C1[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@]2(C)O[C@H]2C[C@@H](/C(=C\c2nc(C)sc2)/C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C1(C)C QXRSDHAAWVKZLJ-OXZHEXMSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031637 Erythroblastic Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036566 Erythroleukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100038595 Estrogen receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017259 Extragonadal germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940126611 FBTA05 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010067141 Faciodigitogenital dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091006020 Fc-tagged proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000000571 Fibrocystic breast disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100037362 Fibronectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000016359 Fibronectins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000008808 Fibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008961 Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000589602 Francisella tularensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010073655 Freeman-Sheldon syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N Fucose Natural products C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010019236 Fucosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006471 Fucosyltransferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000022072 Gallbladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051635 Gastrointestinal tract adenoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015872 Gaucher disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000021309 Germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010915 Glioblastoma multiforme Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700023372 Glycosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000051366 Glycosyltransferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000010956 Glypican Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050001154 Glypican Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000003200 Goldenhar Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000006771 Gonadotropins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010086677 Gonadotropins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000009329 Graft vs Host Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010026389 Gramicidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001398 Granzyme Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060005986 Granzyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000190708 Guanarito mammarenavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037357 HIV infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000606768 Haemophilus influenzae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000590002 Helicobacter pylori Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001258 Hemangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000711549 Hepacivirus C Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100034458 Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710083479 Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 homolog Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000700721 Hepatitis B virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000724675 Hepatitis E virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010019755 Hepatitis chronic active Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MCAHMSDENAOJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Herbimycin A Natural products N1C(=O)C(C)=CC=CC(OC)C(OC(N)=O)C(C)=CC(C)C(OC)C(OC)CC(C)C(OC)C2=CC(=O)C=C1C2=O MCAHMSDENAOJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031916 Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000228404 Histoplasma capsulatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010025076 Holoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010050469 Holt-Oram syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000678236 Homo sapiens 5'-nucleotidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000971171 Homo sapiens Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000740785 Homo sapiens Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000897480 Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000884298 Homo sapiens CD226 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000941929 Homo sapiens Complement receptor type 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000897441 Homo sapiens Cyclin-O Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000864646 Homo sapiens Dickkopf-related protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000920667 Homo sapiens Epithelial cell adhesion molecule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000886562 Homo sapiens Growth/differentiation factor 8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001019455 Homo sapiens ICOS ligand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001034652 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001057504 Homo sapiens Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001055144 Homo sapiens Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000998120 Homo sapiens Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000777628 Homo sapiens Leukocyte antigen CD37 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000961414 Homo sapiens Membrane cofactor protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946889 Homo sapiens Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001133081 Homo sapiens Mucin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000972284 Homo sapiens Mucin-3A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000972286 Homo sapiens Mucin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000581981 Homo sapiens Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117317 Homo sapiens Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000738771 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001059454 Homo sapiens Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000831007 Homo sapiens T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000716102 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934341 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946843 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000831567 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000669406 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000837456 Homo sapiens Transducin beta-like protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000610604 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000666896 Homo sapiens V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010000521 Human Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002265 Human Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000854 Human Growth Hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000701085 Human alphaherpesvirus 3 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701044 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001502974 Human gammaherpesvirus 8 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000342334 Human metapneumovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701806 Human papillomavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000019758 Hypergammaglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021042 Hypopharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010056305 Hypopharyngeal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060006678 I-kappa-B kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034980 ICOS ligand Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000018071 Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010091135 Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012745 Immunoglobulin Subunits Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010079585 Immunoglobulin Subunits Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100026818 Inhibin beta E chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023915 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039688 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000006992 Interferon-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010047761 Interferon-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027268 Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003814 Interleukin-10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000174 Interleukin-10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000177 Interleukin-11 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003815 Interleukin-11 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020793 Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800003050 Interleukin-16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000049772 Interleukin-16 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003810 Interleukin-18 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000171 Interleukin-18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010789 Interleukin-2 Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010038453 Interleukin-2 Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030703 Interleukin-22 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002386 Interleukin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000646 Interleukin-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033493 Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002616 Interleukin-5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039897 Interleukin-5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002586 Interleukin-7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021592 Interleukin-7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004890 Interleukin-8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001007 Interleukin-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010002335 Interleukin-9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000585 Interleukin-9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000005016 Intestinal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032177 Intestinal Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061252 Intraocular melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000012659 Joint disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000712890 Junin mammarenavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003456 Juvenile Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010059176 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000002698 KIR Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010043610 KIR Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007766 Kaposi sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001126 Keratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100020880 Kit ligand Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000008575 L-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJQFBVYMGADDTQ-CVSPRKDYSA-N L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine Chemical compound CCCCS(=N)(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KJQFBVYMGADDTQ-CVSPRKDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N L-fucopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000510 L-tryptophano group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2N([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])(C(O[H])=O)N([H])[*])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005517 L01XE01 - Imatinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005411 L01XE02 - Gefitinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002147 L01XE04 - Sunitinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005511 L01XE05 - Sorafenib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002067 L01XE06 - Dasatinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002136 L01XE07 - Lapatinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005536 L01XE08 - Nilotinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002145 L01XE14 - Bosutinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002146 L01XE16 - Crizotinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000017578 LAG3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UVSVTDVJQAJIFG-VURMDHGXSA-N LFM-A13 Chemical compound C\C(O)=C(/C#N)C(=O)NC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1Br UVSVTDVJQAJIFG-VURMDHGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150030213 Lag3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010085895 Laminin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007547 Laminin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010023825 Laryngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000712902 Lassa mammarenavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589242 Legionella pneumophila Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000018142 Leiomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001137872 Leishmania sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000016267 Leptin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010092277 Leptin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000589929 Leptospira interrogans Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010024305 Leukaemia monocytic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100032352 Leukemia inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000581 Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031586 Leukocyte antigen CD37 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010024503 Limb reduction defect Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000019298 Lipocalin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006654 Lipocalin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186779 Listeria monocytogenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000028018 Lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025312 Lymphoma AIDS related Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030289 Lymphoproliferative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004083 Lymphotoxin-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000542 Lymphotoxin-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000034655 MIF Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060004872 MIF Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282567 Macaca fascicularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000712898 Machupo mammarenavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007651 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046938 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010048043 Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037791 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000004059 Male Breast Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006644 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030070 Malignant epithelial tumor of ovary Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025557 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032271 Malignant tumor of penis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100026046 Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710117460 Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001115401 Marburgvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000001853 McCune-Albright syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000712079 Measles morbillivirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007054 Medullary Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009018 Medullary thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100034216 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039373 Membrane cofactor protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000009906 Meningitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060004795 Methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000893980 Microsporum canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000009664 Microtubule-Associated Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010020004 Microtubule-Associated Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930192392 Mitomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 102000008109 Mixed Function Oxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074633 Mixed Function Oxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035877 Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034263 Mucin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022497 Mucin-3A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022693 Mucin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000711386 Mumps virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100490437 Mus musculus Acvrl1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100326461 Mus musculus C1ra gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100326462 Mus musculus C1rb gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100329495 Mus musculus C1sa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100329496 Mus musculus C1sb gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100407308 Mus musculus Pdcd1lg2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000686934 Mus musculus Prolactin-7D1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100369076 Mus musculus Tdgf1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186362 Mycobacterium leprae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187479 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000202934 Mycoplasma pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000003793 Myelodysplastic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033761 Myelogenous Chronic BCR-ABL Positive Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014767 Myeloproliferative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010056852 Myostatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022219 NF-kappa-B essential modulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001443590 Naganishia albida Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001894 Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061306 Nasopharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588652 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007072 Nerve Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100027347 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100028762 Neuropilin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000772 Neuropilin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KYRVNWMVYQXFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nocodazole Chemical compound C1=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 KYRVNWMVYQXFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000714209 Norwalk virus Species 0.000 description 1
- MSHZHSPISPJWHW-PVDLLORBSA-N O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)[C@H](O2)CC=C(C)C)OC)OC(=O)NC(=O)CCl)C[C@@]21CO2 MSHZHSPISPJWHW-PVDLLORBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSHZHSPISPJWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol Chemical compound O1C(CC=C(C)C)C1(C)C1C(OC)C(OC(=O)NC(=O)CCl)CCC21CO2 MSHZHSPISPJWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010051934 Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008909 Oculodentodigital dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004910 Odontodysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010030155 Oesophageal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010050171 Oesophageal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010133 Oligodendroglioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020005187 Oligonucleotide Probes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010031096 Oropharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057444 Oropharyngeal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007571 Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033268 Ovarian low malignant potential tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150038994 PDGFRA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000016222 Pancreatic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101800004803 Papain-like protease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000222051 Papiliotrema laurentii Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002606 Paramyxoviridae Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002774 Paraproteinemias Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000821 Parathyroid Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000003982 Parathyroid hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000445 Parathyroid hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002471 Penile Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034299 Penile cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentoxifylline Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCCC(=O)C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000007079 Peptide Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010033276 Peptide Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940083963 Peptide antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010043958 Peptoids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KHGNFPUMBJSZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perforine Natural products COC1=C2CCC(O)C(CCC(C)(C)O)(OC)C2=NC2=C1C=CO2 KHGNFPUMBJSZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031845 Pernicious anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010081690 Pertussis Toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710124951 Phospholipase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007913 Pituitary Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010082093 Placenta Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035194 Placenta growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010003044 Placental Lactogen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000381 Placental Lactogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010077971 Plasminogen Inactivators Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010752 Plasminogen Inactivators Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000223960 Plasmodium falciparum Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004211 Platelet factor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000778 Platelet factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233872 Pneumocystis carinii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000142787 Pneumocystis jirovecii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001054 Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000006994 Precancerous Conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710093543 Probable non-specific lipid-transfer protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700030875 Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024213 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076181 Proinsulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000125945 Protoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091008103 RNA aptamers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000711798 Rabies lyssavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100372762 Rattus norvegicus Flt1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100020718 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710151245 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037422 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010008281 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007056 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000103 Relaxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003743 Relaxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020005091 Replication Origin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000725643 Respiratory syncytial virus Species 0.000 description 1
- IWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N Ribavirin Chemical compound N1=C(C(=O)N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 IWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000606701 Rickettsia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000702670 Rotavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000710799 Rubella virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000315672 SARS coronavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010005173 SERPIN-B5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000192617 Sabia mammarenavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000004337 Salivary Gland Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000293871 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010084592 Saporins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000242683 Schistosoma haematobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242677 Schistosoma japonicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242680 Schistosoma mansoni Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100010298 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) pol2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010039710 Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010208 Seminoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100028904 Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030333 Serpin B5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000003176 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009359 Sezary Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021388 Sezary disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607760 Shigella sonnei Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091027967 Small hairpin RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000256251 Spodoptera frugiperda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001149963 Sporothrix schenckii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191963 Staphylococcus epidermidis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010039445 Stem Cell Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000193985 Streptococcus agalactiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193998 Streptococcus pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193996 Streptococcus pyogenes Species 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010021188 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038836 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002687 Survivin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035721 Syndecan-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000031673 T-Cell Cutaneous Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940126547 T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100024834 T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010042971 T-cell lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027585 T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100036011 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025244 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034922 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710137500 T7 RNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700012457 TACSTD2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940126624 Tacatuzumab tetraxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000244155 Taenia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010057644 Testis cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010055044 Tetanus Toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108060008245 Thrombospondin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002938 Thrombospondin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000009365 Thymic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000130764 Tinea Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007712 Tinea Versicolor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010618 Tinea cruris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010067719 Tinea faciei Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010043870 Tinea infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010043871 Tinea nigra Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010056131 Tinea versicolour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100024333 Toll-like receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039387 Toll-like receptor 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000223997 Toxoplasma gondii Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100028683 Transducin beta-like protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010044407 Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100023935 Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000589884 Treponema pallidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243777 Trichinella spiralis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223229 Trichophyton rubrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480048 Trichophyton tonsurans Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003721 Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000223109 Trypanosoma cruzi Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100040112 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010054094 Tumour necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GBOGMAARMMDZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD149280 Natural products N1C(=O)C23OC(=O)C=CC(O)CCCC(C)CC=CC3C(O)C(=C)C(C)C2C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GBOGMAARMMDZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015778 Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046431 Urethral cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046458 Urethral neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005969 Uveal melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150117115 V gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038282 V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000700647 Variola virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016549 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000014070 Vestibular schwannoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607626 Vibrio cholerae Species 0.000 description 1
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-UHTZMRCNSA-N Vidarabine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-UHTZMRCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000863480 Vinca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000710886 West Nile virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012452 Xenomouse strains Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000710772 Yellow fever virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N Zalcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)CC1 WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYVNHPYNSPGYLI-UUOKFMHZSA-N [(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3h-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H]1O XYVNHPYNSPGYLI-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEDXPSOJFSVCKU-HOKPPMCLSA-N [4-[[(2S)-5-(carbamoylamino)-2-[[(2S)-2-[6-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)hexanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]pentanoyl]amino]phenyl]methyl N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(3R,4S,5S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-methylamino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-N-methylcarbamate Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)c1ccccc1)OC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)OCc1ccc(NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCCCCN2C(=O)CCC2=O)C(C)C)cc1)C(C)C IEDXPSOJFSVCKU-HOKPPMCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222126 [Candida] glabrata Species 0.000 description 1
- 229950005186 abagovomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010041979 accutin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960004150 aciclovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aciclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCO)C=N2 MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000004064 acoustic neuroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009621 actinic keratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940125666 actinium-225 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930183665 actinomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000488 activin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021841 acute erythroid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002964 adalimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009084 adecatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000007128 adrenocortical carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008995 aducanumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000014619 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011184 adult acute lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001686 afatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULXXDDBFHOBEHA-CWDCEQMOSA-N afatinib Chemical compound N1=CN=C2C=C(O[C@@H]3COCC3)C(NC(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C)=CC2=C1NC1=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C1 ULXXDDBFHOBEHA-CWDCEQMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009824 affinity maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950008459 alacizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004539 alirocumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002776 alpha toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009106 altumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010817 alvocidib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BIIVYFLTOXDAOV-YVEFUNNKSA-N alvocidib Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CN(C)CC[C@@H]1C1=C(O)C=C(O)C2=C1OC(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)Cl)=CC2=O BIIVYFLTOXDAOV-YVEFUNNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N amantadine Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(N)C3 DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003805 amantadine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001537 amatuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ROBVIMPUHSLWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoglutethimide Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C1(CC)CCC(=O)NC1=O ROBVIMPUHSLWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003437 aminoglutethimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000007538 anal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002932 anastrozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N anastrozole Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C#N)C)=CC(CN2N=CN=C2)=C1 YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006061 anatumomab mafenatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003098 androgen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950006588 anetumab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010117 anifrolumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005794 anrukinzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001772 anti-angiogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003432 anti-folate effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002927 anti-mitotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002137 anti-vascular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124691 antibody therapeutics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127074 antifolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000030741 antigen processing and presentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010913 antigen-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034982 antineoplastic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045719 antineoplastic alkylating agent nitrosoureas Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011165 anus cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003145 apolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950005725 arcitumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000847 ascrinvacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002882 aselizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003272 asparaginase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M asparaginate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940091771 aspergillus fumigatus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003852 atezolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005122 atinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000103 atorolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003005 axitinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RITAVMQDGBJQJZ-FMIVXFBMSA-N axitinib Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C(\C=C\C=2N=CC=CC=2)=NN2)C2=C1 RITAVMQDGBJQJZ-FMIVXFBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002756 azacitidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQOBRRFOVWGIMD-OJAKKHQRSA-N azaribine Chemical compound CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=N1 QQOBRRFOVWGIMD-OJAKKHQRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010054 azaribine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008680 babesiosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940065181 bacillus anthracis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001863 bapineuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004669 basiliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007843 bavituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003269 bectumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004965 begelomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003270 belimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YTKUWDBFDASYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bendamustine Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C1=CC=C2N(C)C(CCCC(O)=O)=NC2=C1 YTKUWDBFDASYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000321 benralizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002903 benzyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010015 bertilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010559 besilesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000397 bevacizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008086 bezlotoxumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001303 biciromab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 201000007180 bile duct carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026900 bile duct neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950006326 bimagrumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002853 bimekizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007622 bioinformatic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005522 bivatuzumab mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000001531 bladder carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004395 bleomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950005042 blosozumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011350 bococizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000008873 bone osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012172 borderline epithelial tumor of ovary Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N bortezomib Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)B(O)O)NC(=O)C=1N=CC=NC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001467 bortezomib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UBPYILGKFZZVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bosutinib Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC)=CC(NC=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)C=C3N=CC=2C#N)=C1Cl UBPYILGKFZZVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003736 bosutinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010006025 bovine growth hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000011803 breast fibrocystic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000455 brentuximab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002874 briakinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003735 brodalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000025 brolucizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000003362 bronchogenic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006475 bronchopulmonary dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950001478 brontictuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940056450 brucella abortus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940038698 brucella melitensis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126608 cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001838 canakinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000032343 candida glabrata infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940055022 candida parapsilosis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007296 cantuzumab mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011547 cantuzumab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002176 caplacizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010023376 caplacizumab Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940034605 capromab pendetide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229950000771 carlumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000419 catumaxomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006754 cedelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940047495 celebrex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N celecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000022534 cell killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002659 cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005889 cellular cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010046713 cemadotin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950009017 cemadotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000007335 cerebellar astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030239 cerebral astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019065 cervical carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007287 cheilitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NDAYQJDHGXTBJL-MWWSRJDJSA-N chembl557217 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC=O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCO)=CNC2=C1 NDAYQJDHGXTBJL-MWWSRJDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018805 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011633 childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004018 childhood brain stem glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004677 childhood cerebellar astrocytic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008522 childhood cerebral astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005793 childhood medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940038705 chlamydia trachomatis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000006990 cholangiocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001020 chondrodysplasia punctata Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000019069 chronic childhood arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024207 chronic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010905 citatuzumab bogatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006647 cixutumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002436 cladribine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001565 clazakizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002334 clenoliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002595 clivatuzumab tetraxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229950007906 codrituzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950005458 coltuximab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004814 combretastatins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006957 competitive inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950007276 conatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009735 concizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001268 conjugating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111134 coxibs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001954 crenezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTEIFNKAUNYNJU-GFCCVEGCSA-N crizotinib Chemical compound O([C@H](C)C=1C(=C(F)C=CC=1Cl)Cl)C(C(=NC=1)N)=CC=1C(=C1)C=NN1C1CCNCC1 KTEIFNKAUNYNJU-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005061 crizotinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000007241 cutaneous T cell lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IMBXRZKCLVBLBH-OGYJWPHRSA-N cvp protocol Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1.O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=C3C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C=O)=CC=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 IMBXRZKCLVBLBH-OGYJWPHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003255 cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182912 cyclosporin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000002445 cystadenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBOGMAARMMDZGR-TYHYBEHESA-N cytochalasin B Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](C([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3/C=C/C[C@H](C)CCC[C@@H](O)/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@]23C(=O)N1)=C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GBOGMAARMMDZGR-TYHYBEHESA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBOGMAARMMDZGR-JREHFAHYSA-N cytochalasin B Natural products C[C@H]1CCC[C@@H](O)C=CC(=O)O[C@@]23[C@H](C=CC1)[C@H](O)C(=C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](Cc4ccccc4)NC3=O GBOGMAARMMDZGR-JREHFAHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005220 cytoplasmic tail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004292 cytoskeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000824 cytostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001085 cytostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001151 cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950007409 dacetuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002806 daclizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002482 dalotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950005026 dapirolizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010048522 dapirolizumab pegol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960002448 dasatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010025838 dectin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950008135 dectrekumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950007998 demcizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004079 denintuzumab mafodotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001251 denosumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940126610 derlotuximab biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950008962 detumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940042935 dichlorodifluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087091 dichlorotetrafluoroethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002656 didanosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000015799 differentiated thyroid carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950009859 dinaciclib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004497 dinutuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010013023 diphtheria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229950011037 diridavumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BFMYDTVEBKDAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;(2',7'-dibromo-3',6'-dioxido-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-4'-yl)mercury;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Br)=C([O-])C([Hg])=C1OC1=C2C=C(Br)C([O-])=C1 BFMYDTVEBKDAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006334 disulfide bridging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003534 dna topoisomerase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930188854 dolastatin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229950005168 dorlimomab aritox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950009964 drozitumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005501 duocarmycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930184221 duocarmycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229950003468 dupilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009791 durvalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011453 dusigitumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000006 ecromeximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000031068 ectodermal dysplasia syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002224 eculizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011109 edobacomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001776 edrecolomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000284 efalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002209 efungumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010217 eldelumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOPYFXBZMVTEJF-PDACKIITSA-N eleutherobin Chemical compound C(/[C@H]1[C@H](C(=CC[C@@H]1C(C)C)C)C[C@@H]([C@@]1(C)O[C@@]2(C=C1)OC)OC(=O)\C=C\C=1N=CN(C)C=1)=C2\CO[C@@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC(C)=O XOPYFXBZMVTEJF-PDACKIITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOPYFXBZMVTEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N eleutherobin Natural products C1=CC2(OC)OC1(C)C(OC(=O)C=CC=1N=CN(C)C=1)CC(C(=CCC1C(C)C)C)C1C=C2COC1OCC(O)C(O)C1OC(C)=O XOPYFXBZMVTEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002519 elgemtumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004137 elotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002507 elsilimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004647 emactuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004255 emibetuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003048 enavatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002472 endoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003989 endothelium vascular Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004930 enfortumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000565 enlimomab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004270 enoblituzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007313 enokizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001752 enoticumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010640 ensituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940007078 entamoeba histolytica Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940032049 enterococcus faecalis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000369 enteropathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000688 enterotoxigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- INVTYAOGFAGBOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N entinostat Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1CNC(=O)OCC1=CC=CN=C1 INVTYAOGFAGBOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005837 entinostat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940015979 epipen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000037828 epithelial carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950006414 epitumomab cituxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HESCAJZNRMSMJG-KKQRBIROSA-N epothilone A Chemical compound C/C([C@@H]1C[C@@H]2O[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1)O)C)=C\C1=CSC(C)=N1 HESCAJZNRMSMJG-KKQRBIROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXRSDHAAWVKZLJ-PVYNADRNSA-N epothilone B Chemical compound C/C([C@@H]1C[C@@H]2O[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1)O)C)=C\C1=CSC(C)=N1 QXRSDHAAWVKZLJ-PVYNADRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009760 epratuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004292 erlizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008579 ertumaxomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000004101 esophageal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010038795 estrogen receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950009569 etaracizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIQODXNTTZAGID-OCBXBXKTSA-N etoposide phosphate Chemical compound COC1=C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 LIQODXNTTZAGID-OCBXBXKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000752 etoposide phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004912 etrolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004341 evinacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002027 evolocumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005562 exbivirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000255 exemestane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000776 exotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002095 exotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000008819 extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036251 extravasation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024519 eye neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030503 familial ossifying fibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940093443 fanolesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001488 faralimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009929 farletuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000335 fasinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001563 felvizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000007741 female breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002276 female breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010512 fezakinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000008487 fibromuscular dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002846 ficlatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008085 figitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000556 fingolimod Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKGQTZUTZRNORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fingolimod Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(CCC(N)(CO)CO)C=C1 KKGQTZUTZRNORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004409 firivumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010320 flanvotumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010043 fletikumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000003341 florid cemento-osseous dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000390 fludarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091006047 fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000034287 fluorescent proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IJJVMEJXYNJXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluquinconazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1N1C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2N=C1N1C=NC=N1 IJJVMEJXYNJXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002074 flutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N flutamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014144 folate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004052 folic acid antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004923 fontolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950011078 foravirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005102 foscarnet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005309 fostamatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GKDRMWXFWHEQQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fostamatinib Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(NC=2N=C(NC=3N=C4N(COP(O)(O)=O)C(=O)C(C)(C)OC4=CC=3)C(F)=CN=2)=C1 GKDRMWXFWHEQQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940118764 francisella tularensis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012737 fresh medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004003 fresolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002446 fucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O1)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 229950009370 fulranumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150023212 fut8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950002140 futuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001109 galiximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000010175 gallbladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010044804 gamma-glutamyl-seryl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960002963 ganciclovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IRSCQMHQWWYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ganciclovir Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2COC(CO)CO IRSCQMHQWWYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004161 ganetespib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004896 ganitumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002508 gantenerumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950004792 gavilimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003297 gemtuzumab ozogamicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940045109 genistein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006539 genistein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000007116 gestational trophoblastic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003717 gevokizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940085435 giardia lamblia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002026 girentuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009672 glembatumumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108700026078 glutathione trisulfide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700014210 glycosyltransferase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003630 glycyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229940126613 gomiliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002622 gonadotropin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024908 graft versus host disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010864 guselkumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000009277 hairy cell leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029427 heart-hand syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025750 heavy chain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940037467 helicobacter pylori Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000014845 hemimelia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- MCAHMSDENAOJFZ-BVXDHVRPSA-N herbimycin Chemical compound N1C(=O)\C(C)=C\C=C/[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC(N)=O)\C(C)=C\[C@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](C)[C@@H](OC)C2=CC(=O)C=C1C2=O MCAHMSDENAOJFZ-BVXDHVRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001340 histamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003630 histaminocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003667 hormone antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940062714 humalog mix Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000033519 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020718 hyperplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006866 hypopharynx cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950010245 ibalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001001 ibritumomab tiuxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006359 icrucumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002308 idarucizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002200 igovomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003680 imalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002411 imatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imatinib Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=C(NC=3N=C(C=CN=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2)C=C1 KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007354 imciromab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005646 imgatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005931 immune cell recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000099 in vitro assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950009230 inclacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011428 indatuximab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940055742 indium-111 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000932 indusatumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000893 inhibin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950007937 inolimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004101 inotuzumab ozogamicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000006495 integrins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044426 integrins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960003130 interferon gamma Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940117681 interleukin-12 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108040003610 interleukin-12 receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108040003607 interleukin-13 receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010074108 interleukin-21 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950001014 intetumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020082 intraepithelial neoplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002555 ionophore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000236 ionophoric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005386 ipilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010939 iratumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950007752 isatuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-SLPGGIOYSA-N isosorbide mononitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003818 itolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005435 ixekizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000002215 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950010828 keliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001865 kupffer cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950000518 labetuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000482 lampalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010032674 lampalizumab Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960004891 lapatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lapatinib Chemical compound O1C(CNCCS(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N=CN=C2NC=3C=C(Cl)C(OCC=4C=C(F)C=CC=4)=CC=3)C2=C1 BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010023841 laryngeal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002183 lebrikizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940115932 legionella pneumophila Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001275 lemalesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007439 lenzilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010470 lerdelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940121292 leronlimab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002614 leucines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000002741 leukoplakia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002884 lexatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005173 libivirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004529 lifastuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009923 ligelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001237 lilotomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126616 lilotomab satetraxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002950 lintuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000012987 lip and oral cavity carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010024627 liposarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950011263 lirilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950006208 lodelcizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000359 lokivetmab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003526 lorvotuzumab mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004563 lucatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008140 lulizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000128 lumiliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010079 lumretuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005296 lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005265 lung cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000037829 lymphangioendotheliosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012804 lymphangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004324 lymphatic system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000329 lymphopenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000000564 macroglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009115 maintenance therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000003175 male breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010907 male breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030883 malignant astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006178 malignant mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026045 malignant tumor of parathyroid gland Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950001869 mapatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003135 margetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008959 marimastat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OCSMOTCMPXTDND-OUAUKWLOSA-N marimastat Chemical compound CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)[C@H](O)C(=O)NO OCSMOTCMPXTDND-OUAUKWLOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008083 maslimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008001 matuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007254 mavrilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010027191 meningioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005108 mepolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003475 metalloproteinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015689 metaplastic ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950005555 metelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000274 microglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003734 milatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004023 minocycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002142 minretumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000035 mirvetuximab soravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950003063 mitumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005674 modotuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007699 mogamulizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001823 molecular biology technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006894 monocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008084 monostotic fibrous dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008897 morolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001521 motavizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950000720 moxetumomab pasudotox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000869 mutational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010028417 myasthenia gravis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001611 myxosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CDOOFZZILLRUQH-GDLZYMKVSA-N n-[3-[6-[4-[(2r)-1,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2-yl]anilino]-4-methyl-5-oxopyrazin-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C(=O)[C@H]1C(C=C1)=CC=C1NC1=NC(C=2C(=C(NC(=O)C=3SC=4CCCCC=4C=3)C=CC=2)C)=CN(C)C1=O CDOOFZZILLRUQH-GDLZYMKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003027 nacolomab tafenatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007708 namilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009793 naptumomab estafenatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008353 narnatumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000018795 nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005027 natalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000031942 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940086322 navelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002915 nebacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000513 necitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007524 negative regulation of DNA replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010012 nemolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010068617 neonatal Fc receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000025189 neoplasm of testis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001613 neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008026 nephroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008835 neratinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JWNPDZNEKVCWMY-VQHVLOKHSA-N neratinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(NC(=O)\C=C\CN(C)C)C(OCC)=CC2=NC=C(C#N)C=1NC(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=N1 JWNPDZNEKVCWMY-VQHVLOKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002697 nesvacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000011519 neuroendocrine tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HHZIURLSWUIHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nilotinib Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN1C1=CC(NC(=O)C=2C=C(NC=3N=C(C=CN=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 HHZIURLSWUIHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001346 nilotinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010203 nimotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003301 nivolumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006344 nocodazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002687 nonaqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007899 nucleic acid hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001668 nucleic acid synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003419 obiltoxaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009090 ocaratuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005751 ocrelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008106 ocular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002575 ocular melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017920 oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950010465 odulimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002450 ofatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000572 olaparib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FAQDUNYVKQKNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N olaparib Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(CC2=C3[CH]C=CC=C3C(=O)N=N2)C=C1C(=O)N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1CC1 FAQDUNYVKQKNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008516 olaratumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002751 oligonucleotide probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010006 olokizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000470 omalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000846 onartuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000174 oncolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950002104 ontuxizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010704 opicinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009057 oportuzumab monatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000022982 optic pathway glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950007283 oregovomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004789 organ system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006958 oropharynx cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950009007 orticumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002138 osteoinductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127084 other anti-cancer agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000121 otlertuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000021284 ovarian germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003709 oxelumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009723 ozanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010626 pagibaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000242 pagocytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000402 palivizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001972 panitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126618 pankomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003570 panobacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000004019 papillary adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010198 papillary carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000199 parathyroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001319 parathyroid hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004260 parsatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950011485 pascolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000037 pasotuxizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003522 pateclizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010966 patritumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005570 pemtumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940090048 pen injector Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011098 pendetide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030940 penile carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008174 penis carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940067082 pentetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002340 pentostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N pentostatin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(N=CNC[C@H]2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001476 pentoxifylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950005079 perakizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930192851 perforin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000002628 peritoneum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002087 pertuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003203 pexelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009215 phenylbutanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000028591 pheochromocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000906 photoactive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010773 pidilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010074 pinatuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000024724 pineal body neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004123 pineal gland cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000003113 pineoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940126620 pintumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010916 pituitary tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008092 placulumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010626 plasma cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002797 plasminogen activator inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008499 plitidepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UUSZLLQJYRSZIS-LXNNNBEUSA-N plitidepsin Chemical compound CN([C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H](C(=O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(C)[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)C(=O)O[C@@H]1C)C(C)C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)C(C)=O UUSZLLQJYRSZIS-LXNNNBEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010049948 plitidepsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950009416 polatuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001308 poly(aminoacid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001583 poly(oxyethylated polyols) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001061 polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950003486 ponezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001855 preneoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003700 priliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 208000025638 primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950011407 pritoxaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009904 pritumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011165 process development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010017378 prolyl aminopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010087851 prorelaxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000005825 prostate adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000001514 prostate carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003528 protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001814 protein method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004850 protein–protein interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003033 quilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOWVMDUEMSNCAV-WYENRQIDSA-N rachelmycin Chemical compound C1([C@]23C[C@@H]2CN1C(=O)C=1NC=2C(OC)=C(O)C4=C(C=2C=1)CCN4C(=O)C1=CC=2C=4CCN(C=4C(O)=C(C=2N1)OC)C(N)=O)=CC(=O)C1=C3C(C)=CN1 UOWVMDUEMSNCAV-WYENRQIDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011613 racotumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002534 radiation-sensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012217 radiopharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121896 radiopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002799 radiopharmaceutical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005562 radium-223 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011639 radretumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002786 rafivirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004622 raloxifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009885 ralpancizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002633 ramucirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003876 ranibizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007649 ranpirnase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004910 raxibacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010837 receptor-mediated endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010054624 red fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950000987 refanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005854 regavirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000015347 renal cell adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030859 renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003254 reslizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000019254 respiratory burst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001995 reticulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000329 ribavirin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HZCAHMRRMINHDJ-DBRKOABJSA-N ribavirin Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1N=CN=C1 HZCAHMRRMINHDJ-DBRKOABJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003238 rilotumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005978 rinucumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001808 robatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010699 roledumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010968 romosozumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010316 rontalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009092 rovelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005374 ruplizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000143 sacituzumab govitecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULRUOUDIQPERIJ-PQURJYPBSA-N sacituzumab govitecan Chemical compound N([C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)O[C@]1(CC)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C1N(C2=O)CC2=C(C3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=C21)CC)C(=O)COCC(=O)NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCN(N=N1)C=C1CNC(=O)C(CC1)CCC1CN1C(=O)CC(SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C1=O ULRUOUDIQPERIJ-PQURJYPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000003804 salivary gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950000106 samalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000306 sarcoidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950006348 sarilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007308 satumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008407 sebaceous adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004540 secukinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003440 semustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002477 septooptic dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008834 seribantumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000717 sertoli cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950003850 setoxaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004951 sevirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940115939 shigella sonnei Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013605 shuttle vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008684 sibrotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010077 sifalimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003323 siltuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009513 simtuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003804 siplizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006094 sirukumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012868 site-directed mutagenesis technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008261 skin carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002314 small intestine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003763 sofituzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007874 solanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011267 solitomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700031632 somatrem Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950006551 sontuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003787 sorafenib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950002549 stamulumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940031000 streptococcus pneumoniae Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950010708 sulesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001796 sunitinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950001915 suvizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000010965 sweat gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010042863 synovial sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950010265 tabalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001072 tadocizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004218 talizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008160 tanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001603 taplitumomab paptox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007435 tarextumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000864 technetium (99mtc) nofetumomab merpentan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001788 tefibazumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008300 telimomab aritox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N temephos Chemical compound C1=CC(OP(=S)(OC)OC)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(OP(=S)(OC)OC)C=C1 WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBPNZQVSJQDFBE-HGVVHKDOSA-N temsirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)(CO)CO)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CCC2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 CBPNZQVSJQDFBE-HGVVHKDOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001289 tenatumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000301 teneliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010259 teprotumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009054 tesidolumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940118376 tetanus toxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N texas red Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011285 therapeutic regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005990 thymic dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008732 thymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940034208 thyroxine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thyroxine-binding globulin Natural products IC1=CC(CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004742 tigatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005515 tildrakizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000009642 tinea barbae Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000003875 tinea corporis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940044693 topoisomerase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001802 toralizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008836 tosatoxumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005267 tositumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005808 tovetumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000835 tralokinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005030 transcription termination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014621 translational initiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091007466 transmembrane glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035160 transmembrane proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005703 transmembrane proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001612 trastuzumab emtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950010086 tregalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006444 trevogrumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940096911 trichinella spiralis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N trifluridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 VSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003962 trifluridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000022679 triple-negative breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002993 trophoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000029387 trophoblastic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003364 tucotuzumab celmoleukin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700008509 tucotuzumab celmoleukin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950005082 tuvirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004593 ublituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010095 ulocuplumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000018417 undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001055 uracil mustard Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005972 urelumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010570 urinary bladder carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950004362 urtoxazumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003824 ustekinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000012991 uterine carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037965 uterine sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BNJNAEJASPUJTO-DUOHOMBCSA-N vadastuximab talirine Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1)C2=CN3[C@@H](C2)C=Nc4cc(OCCCOc5cc6N=C[C@@H]7CC(=CN7C(=O)c6cc5OC)c8ccc(NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCCCCN9C(=O)C[C@@H](SC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)C9=O)C(C)C)cc8)c(OC)cc4C3=O BNJNAEJASPUJTO-DUOHOMBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950001876 vandortuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008718 vantictumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000449 vanucizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000386 vapaliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001067 varlilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950000578 vatalanib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YCOYDOIWSSHVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N vatalanib Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(C1=CC=CC=C11)=NN=C1CC1=CC=NC=C1 YCOYDOIWSSHVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002148 vatelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004914 vedolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000815 veltuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005208 vepalimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010789 vesencumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940118696 vibrio cholerae Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003636 vidarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KDQAABAKXDWYSZ-PNYVAJAMSA-N vinblastine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 KDQAABAKXDWYSZ-PNYVAJAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004982 vinblastine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N vincristine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C=O)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002110 vincristine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(N)=O)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N vinorelbine ditartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001212 volociximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003511 votumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091005957 yellow fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940051021 yellow-fever virus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008250 zalutumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009002 zanolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009083 ziralimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007157 zolbetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001346 zolimomab aritox Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
Definitions
- this disclosure relates to multifunctional or multispecific protein complexes, such as multispecific immunoglobulins, and platforms for making different formats of such complexes.
- BACKGROUND Multi-specific protein complexes in which two or more target-specific moieties are engineered into a single molecule or complex, have expanded rapidly in recent years and offer an attractive solution for broad range of clinical and diagnostic applications.
- bispecific antibodies and fusion proteins have been developed for binding to more than one antigen or to more than one epitope on the same antigen. Due to their versatile, more precise targeting abilities and higher potency as compared with conventional antibodies, multispecific antibodies have shown potential in treating various disorders, for example, as mediators to retarget effector mechanisms to disease-associated sites and become attractive for next generation antibody therapeutics.
- Bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) Blinatumomab represents a unique therapeutic perspective due to its engineered structure and the clinical efficacy for relapsed or refractory B lineage leukemia or lymphoma.
- BiTE bispecific antibodies as represented by Blinatumomab have a short half-life in the body and require continuous administration for a long time, which brings great inconvenience to treatment.
- Such antibodies can also cause cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a collection of symptoms that can develop as a side effect of certain types of immunotherapies (Klinger M, Blood 2012;119: 6226–33.), but not all bispecific formats necessarily have the same risk.
- CRS cytokine release syndrome
- (X)-3s A trivalent bispecific format, (X)-3s, has been generated where an anti-CD3 scFv covalently linked to a stabilized dimer of a cancer–targeting Fab using the Dock-and-Lock method.
- the (X)-3s format is a considerably less potent inducer of cytokine release, and even the addition of interferon- ⁇ to a therapeutic regimen is not likely to increase this risk (Rossi EA, Mol Cancer Ther. 2014 Oct;13(10):2341-51.).
- the (X)-3s can be of short-life in circulation due to the lack of Fc domain, a region binding to the neonatal Fc receptor and mediating antibody recycling to the plasma membrane and subsequent release back into the serum.
- the half-life of IgG molecules is significantly extended by this mechanism.
- the disclosure provides a protein complex comprising (a) a first moiety comprising two immunoglobulin light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein either the two light chains or the two heavy chains are linked to two dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moieties respectively, and (b) a second moiety comprising (i) an anchoring domain (AD) moiety comprising a sequence that is at least 70% (e.g., any number between 70% and 100%, inclusive, e.g., 70 %, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and 100%) identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 2 or 46, and (ii) an agent linked to the AD moiety.
- a first moiety comprising two immunoglobulin light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein either the two light chains or the two heavy chains are linked to two dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moieties respectively
- the two DDD moieties form a dimer that binds to the AD moiety.
- Examples of the DDD may include the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or others described herein. 190913.00401
- the first moiety is a targeting moiety that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope
- the second moiety is an effector moiety.
- the agent can be an effector agent.
- the first moiety is an effector moiety comprising an effector agent
- the second moiety is a targeting moiety.
- the agent can be a targeting agent that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope.
- first moiety and the second moiety are two targeting moieties that specifically bind to two antigens or epitopes.
- the two antigens or epitopes can be the same or different.
- first moiety and the second moiety are two effector moieties, and the agents are effector agents.
- the two effector agents can be the same or different.
- the disclosure provides a fusion protein comprising (i) a dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moiety and (ii) an immunoglobulin light chain fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin light chain fragment fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin heavy chain fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin heavy chain fragment fused to the DDD moiety.
- the immunoglobulin heavy chains can include a Fc region or a segment thereof.
- the DDD or the AD moiety may be fused at any suitable positions (e.g., the N-terminus, the C-terminus, or the middle) of a polypeptide chain.
- each DDD moiety can be inserted in each immunoglobulin heavy chain.
- the DDD moiety may be inserted in a hinge region, a variant hinge region, or a hybrid hinge region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain or a hinge flank region thereof.
- each DDD moiety is fused to the C-terminus of each immunoglobulin light chain.
- the DDD moiety may be fused to the C- terminus of the immunoglobulin light chain via a linker sequence.
- the linker sequence may comprise at least one cysteine and the protein complex may comprise a disulfide bond between two linker sequences. The disulfide bond between two linker sequences helps form a stably tethered structure.
- each DDD moiety may be fused to the C-terminus of each immunoglobulin heavy chain. 190913.00401
- the targeting moiety in the above-described protein complex may bind specifically to a tumor associated antigen or a disease associated antigen.
- tumor associated antigen or the disease associated antigen examples include, but not limited to Trop2, EpCAM, GPRC5, FcRH5, ROR1, BCMA, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD40, CD47, CD40L, CD66, CD70, CD74, CD79b, CD80, CD95, CD133, CD160, CD166, CD229, MUC1, MUC5, MUC16, IGF-1R, EGFR, HER2, HER3, EGP2, HLA-DR, TNF- ⁇ 75$,/ ⁇ receptor, ICOS, ICOSL, VEGF, VEGFR, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), Flt-3, folate receptor, TDGF1, TfR, Mesothelin, PSMA, CEACAM5, CEACAM6, B7, IFN- ⁇ ,)1- ⁇ IFN- ⁇ ,)1- ⁇ ,/- ⁇ ,/ ⁇ ,/-6R, IL-15,
- the immunoglobulin light chain may comprise a light chain variable region comprising LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 21-23.
- the immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 24-26.
- the immunoglobulin light chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the immunoglobulin light chain may comprise a light chain variable region comprising LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 40-42.
- the immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 43-45.
- the immunoglobulin light chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or 47.
- the immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or 48 or 49.
- the effector agent may comprise an antibody or an antigen- binding fragment thereof, aptamers, a ligand, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, a detectable label or tag, a drug, a pro-drug, a toxin, an enzyme, an immunomodulator, a checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-angiogenic agent, a pro-apoptotic agent, a cytokine, a growth 190913.00401 factor, a hormone, a cytokine, a radioisotope, a protein, a peptide, a peptide mimetic, a polynucleotide, a RNAi oligosaccharide, a natural or synthetic polymeric substance, a nanoparticle, a quantum dot, an organic compound, or an inorganic compound.
- the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can bind specifically to a marker on immune cells.
- the antibody binds specifically to a T cell specific marker, such as CD3.
- the antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise (A) the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 15-20, or (B) the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5, or (C) one or more sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 9, 29, and 31-38.
- the above-described protein complex or fusion protein or antibody or antigen-binding fragment may further comprise a variant Fc constant region.
- the disclosure provides a nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences encoding a protein complex or fusion protein described above.
- an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid(s), and a host cell comprising the vector or nucleic acid(s).
- the disclosure provides a method for preparing a protein complex or fusion protein described above.
- the method may comprise obtaining a cultured host cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences encoding the protein complex or fusion protein; culturing the cell in a medium under conditions permitting (i) expression of the fusion protein or (ii) expression of the protein complex and assembling of the protein complex inside the cell or outside the cells, and purifying the protein complex or fusion protein from the cultured cell or the medium of the cell.
- the assembling is intracellular.
- the disclosure further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein complex or fusion protein or antibody or antigen-binding fragment described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also provided is a method for treating a cancer or a disease in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of the protein complex or fusion protein or the pharmaceutical composition described above.
- the disease examples include a cancer disease (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma) an immunological disease (e.g., autoimmune diseases) and an infection with a pathogen (such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or parasite). 190913.00401
- a cancer disease e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
- an immunological disease e.g., autoimmune diseases
- an infection with a pathogen such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or parasite.
- FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a single chain of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody.
- AD2 of antibody B is conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A.
- FIG. 2 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a single chain of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody.
- AD7 of antibody B is conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A.
- FIG. 3 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a Fab of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody.
- FIG. 4 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a Fab of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody.
- the domains of VL and VH or C H1 and C L are exchanged; AD2 or AD7 is fused to the C-terminus of CH1 and conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing bispecific antibodies and their modules in SDS- PAGE gel.
- FIGs. 1 and 2 Three bispecific antibodies against CD3 (hu ⁇ 3sc) and Trop2 (hL0125-Cm) or HER2 (T-Cm) were constructed and produced as designed in FIGs. 1 and 2. Lanes: M, protein ladder; 1 and 4, hu ⁇ 3sc-AD7 ⁇ hL0125-Cm; 2 and 5, hu ⁇ 3sc-AD2 ⁇ hL0125-Cm; 3 and 6, hu ⁇ 3sc-AD2 ⁇ T-Cm. R, reducing; NR, non-reducing. FIG. 6 shows high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of bispecific antibodies.
- FIGs. 7A and 7B are charts showing binding of antibodies to cell surface CD3 of Jurkat.
- FIG. 7A shows that after wash with PBS, cells were incubated with AF488 labeled goat anti-mouse IgG Fc.
- FIG. 7B shows that after wash with PBS, cells were incubated with AF488 labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc. Binding was analyzed by flow cytometry using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer.
- FIGs. 8A, 8B, and 8C are charts showing binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, and BT-474, respectively.
- FIG. 8A, 8B, and 8C are charts showing binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, and BT-474, respectively.
- FIG. 8A shows binding of 190913.00401 antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of MDA-MB-468.
- FIG. 8B shows binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of HCC1806.
- FIG. 8C shows binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of BT-474.
- Cells were dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2 ⁇ 10 5 /well, and incubated with indicated agents at 4°C for 45 min. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with AF488 labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc. Binding was analyzed by flow cytometry using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer.
- FIG. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D are charts showing in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs.
- FIG. 9A shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on MDA-MB-468.
- FIG. 9B shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on HCC1806.
- FIG. 9C shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on HCT-116.
- FIG. 9D shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on BT-474.
- FIGs.10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are four schematic models of bispecific antibodies.
- FIG. 10A shows that the scFv of antibody b and the IgG of antibody a are site- specifically assembled via the C-terminus-fused AD2 in the scFv of antibody b and DDD2 in two light chains of the IgG antibody a, respectively.
- FIG. 10B shows that the scFv of antibody b and the IgG of antibody a are site- specifically assembled via the C-terminus-fused AD2 in the scFv of antibody b and DDD2 in two light chains of the IgG antibody a, respectively, and the intramolecular DDD2 dimer is formed and stabilized with the addition of a disulfide bond between two linkers.
- FIG. 10A shows that the scFv of antibody b and the IgG of antibody a are site- specifically assembled via the C-terminus-fused AD2 in the scFv of antibody b and DDD2 in two light chains of the IgG antibody a, respectively.
- FIG. 10C shows that AD2 of the scFv antibody b is conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of the IgG antibody a.
- FIG. 10D shows two DDD2 peptides fused to the C-terminus of heavy chains of the IgG antibody a are dimerized and conjugated with AD2 of the scFv antibody b.
- FIGs. 11A, 11B, 11C, and 11D are photographs showing bispecific antibodies and their modules in SDS-PAGE gel. Four formats of bispecific antibodies against CD3 (3scFv) 190913.00401 and Trop2 (hL0125) were constructed and produced as designed in schematic models A-D in FIG. 10.
- This disclosure relates to multispecific molecule complexes, such as multispecific protein complexes, e.g., multispecific or bispecific antibodies, and platforms for making different formats of such complexes.
- Certain aspects of this invention are based, at least in part, on unexpected discoveries that heterologous protein-protein interaction domains (e.g.. DDD and AD) can be incorporated or linked to the proteins or antibodies at various unexpected locations to generate functional multispecific protein complexes or multispecific antibodies.
- the platform disclosed herein represents a unique novel design, which not only differs from the conventional heavy chain heteromerization bispecific antibody, but also does not require the use of CrossMab- like domain recombination.
- the multispecific platform provides many advantages over the convention platforms including ease in production and purification. Indeed, as disclosed herein, multispecific or bispecific molecules can be expressed and assembled in a single cell and as such conventional standard IgG isolation and purification process can be applied to obtain the multispecific or bispecific molecules.
- the platform allows one to retain intact IgG, Fc, and/or Fc molecule domain structures and achieve a “1+2” valence mode against two different targets. In the context of immune-oncology, this allows targeting cancer cells and redirecting T cells in close contact. This “1+2” mode can meet the requirements of different affinities for two kinds of cells or two targets.
- the protein complex in general can have, among others, two functional components or moieties: (1) a first moiety comprising two immunoglobulin light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein either the two light chains or the two heavy 190913.00401 chains are linked to two dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moieties respectively, and (2) a second moiety comprising (i) an anchoring domain (AD) moiety and (ii) an agent linked to the AD moiety.
- DDD dimerization/docking domain
- one of the two immunoglobulin heavy chains can have a Fc region or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, both of the two immunoglobulin heavy chains can have Fc regions or Fc fragments.
- the first moiety or the second moiety can comprise or be a targeting moiety or an effector moiety.
- the first moiety is a targeting moiety that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope
- the second moiety is an effector moiety and the agent is an effector agent.
- the first moiety is an effector moiety comprising an effector agent and the second moiety is a targeting moiety and the agent is a targeting agent that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope.
- first moiety and the second moiety are two targeting moieties that specifically bind to two antigens or epitopes.
- the first moiety and the second moiety are two effector moieties, and the agents are effector agents.
- the first moiety and the second moiety can provide multiple binding sites and the close proximity of the binding sites can lead to the formation of new complexes (of a target cell and an effector agent) and trigger new cellular contacts.
- target cells e.g., cancer cells
- additional immune responses can be activated that involve immune effector cells (e.g., T-Cells and natural killer cells) leading to greater targeted cytotoxic effects.
- Immunoglobulin refers to a naturally occurred or recombinantly produced antibody molecule that acts as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to antigens.
- immunoglobulin classes There are five major immunoglobulin classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM.
- IgG and IgA are further grouped into subclasses (e.g., in human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) based on additional small differences in the amino acid sequences of heavy chain.
- the various immunoglobulin classes and subclasses differ in their biological features, structure, target specificity.
- Immunoglobulins are heterodimeric proteins composed of two heavy and two light FKDLQV ⁇ ZKHUH ⁇ WKH ⁇ OLJKW ⁇ FKDLQ ⁇ FDQ ⁇ FRQVLVW ⁇ RI ⁇ HLWKHU ⁇ D ⁇ RU ⁇ D ⁇ FKDLQ ⁇ %RWK ⁇ KHDY ⁇ FKDLQV ⁇ RU ⁇ OLJKW ⁇ chains can be separated functionally into variable domains (Fv) that binds antigens and 190913.00401 constant domains (Fc) that specify effector functions such as activation of complement or ELQGLQJ ⁇ WR ⁇ )F ⁇ UHFHSWRUV ⁇ 7KH ⁇ OLJKW ⁇ FKDLQV ⁇ FRQWDLQ ⁇ RQO ⁇ RQH ⁇ FRQVWDQW ⁇ GRPDLQ ⁇ ⁇ &N ⁇ RU ⁇ & ⁇ whereas heavy chains often contain three such domains (CH1, CH2, CH3) and a hinge region between the first (CH1) and second (CH2) domains (Schroeder et
- a “hinge”, “hinge domain” or “hinge region” or “antibody hinge region” refers to the domain of a heavy chain constant region that joins the CH1 domain to the CH2 domain and includes the upper, middle, and lower portions of the hinge(Roux et al., 1998 J Immunol 161:4083).
- the hinge provides varying levels of flexibility between the binding and effector regions of an antibody and provides sites for intermolecular disulfide bonding between the two heavy chain constant regions.
- a hinge starts at E216 and ends at Gly237 for all IgG isotypes (Roux et al., 1998 J Immunol 161:4083).
- IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 hinges are shown in Table A.
- the term “hinge” includes wild type hinges (such as those set forth in Tables A, B and C), variant hinges as well as hybrid hinges thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring hinges or modified hinges).
- IgG1 hinge includes wild type IgG1 hinge (E216-G237, SEQ ID NO: 65), as shown in Table B, and variants having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions.
- a hinge is a hybrid hinge that comprises sequences from at least two isotypes.
- a hinge may comprise the upper, middle, or lower hinge from one isotype and the remainder of the hinge from one or more other isotypes.
- a hinge can be an IgG2/IgG1 hinge, and may comprise, e.g., the upper and middle hinges of IgG2 and the lower hinge of IgG1.
- a hinge may have effector function or be deprived of effector function.
- the lower hinge of wild type IgG1 provides effector function.
- IgG hinge region amino acids (Roux et al., 1998 J Immunol 161:4083) Ig Type C-terminal C 1* Upper Hinge Middle Hinge Lower Hinge IgG1 EPKSCDKTHT CPPCP APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 52) (SEQ ID NO: 57) (SEQ ID NO: 63) IgG2 ERK CCVECPPCP APPVAG (SEQ ID NO: 53) (SEQ ID NO: 58) (SEQ ID NO: 64) IgG3 (17-15-15-15) ELKTPLGDTTHT CPRCP (SEQ ID NO: 59) APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 54) (EPKSCDTPPPCPRCP) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (SEQ ID NO: 60) IgG3 (17-15-15) ELKTPLGDTTHT CPRCP (SEQ ID NO: 59) APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 50) (SEQ ID NO: 54) (EPKSCDTPPPC
- an IgG CH1 domain starts at A118 and ends at V215 (Table B), an IgA CH1 domain starts at A120 and ends at P221 (Table C).
- the term “CH1 domain” includes wild type CH1 domains (such as having SEQ ID NO: 65 for IgG1 and SEQ ID NO: 66 for IgG2, Table B), as well as variants thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring CH1 domains or modified CH1 domains).
- the term “CH1 domain” includes wild type CH1 domains and variants thereof having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions.
- CH1 domains include CH1 domains with mutations that modify a biological activity of an antibody, such as ADCC, CDC or half-life.
- IgG heavy chain constant region amino acids CH1 118 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVV 186(Eu Idx) IgG1 187 TVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKV 215(Eu Idx) IgG3 TVPSSSLGTQTYTCNVNHKPSNTKVDKRV IgG2 TVPSSNFGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKTV IgG4 TVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRV Hinge IgG1 216 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- an IgG CH2 domain starts at P238 and ends at K340 (Table B), and an IgA CH2 domain starts at C241 and ends at S341 (Table C).
- the term “CH2 domain” includes wild type CH2 domains (such as having that for IgG1; Table B), as well as variants thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring CH2 domains or modified CH2 domains).
- the term “CH2 domain” includes wild type CH2 domains and variants thereof having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions.
- CH2 domains include CH2 domains with mutations that modify a biological activity of an antibody, such as ADCC, CDC or half-life.
- a CH2 domain comprises modifications that affect a biological activity of an antibody are provided herein.
- the term “CH3 domain” refers to the heavy chain constant region that is C-terminal to the CH2 domain in a heavy chain constant domain.
- an IgG CH3 domain starts at G341 and ends at K447 (Table B)
- an IgA CH3 domain starts at G342 and ends at Y472 (Table C).
- CH3 domain includes wild type CH3 domains (such as having that for IgG1; Table B), as well as variants thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring CH3 domains or modified CH3 domains).
- CH3 domain includes wild type CH3 domains and variants thereof having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions.
- Exemplary CH3 domains include CH3 domains with mutations that modify a biological activity of an antibody, such as ADCC, CDC or half-life.
- Targeting moiety One component of the above-described protein complex can be a targeting moiety that binds specifically to a target.
- a targeting moiety or targeting domain or targeting agent refers to an entity (e.g., a molecule) that promotes the interaction, e.g., binding of a protein with a target, and/or directs a protein to a target.
- a targeting moiety or domain or agent can be a polypeptide, an antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof.
- a "target” can be a cell, a pathogen, a metabolite, a polypeptide complex, or any molecule or structure that resides in a tissue or circulates in the circulatory system or lymphatic system of a subject, such as an immune cell or a cancer cell.
- a target can be any of such aspects which readily interacts with targeting moiety or targeting domain.
- the term refers to a moiety, e.g., an antibody molecule, that as a component of a therapeutic compound, localizes the therapeutic compound preferentially to a target tissue or tart cell.
- the targeting moiety can function in the above-described protein complex by delivering the protein complex and/or the effector moiety to the local environment of pathogens, disease cells, or cancer cells, enabling a localized treatment strategy.
- the targeting moiety targets the cancer cells by specifically binding to the pathogens, disease cells, or cancer cells.
- the above described targeting moiety or targeting domain or targeting agent can specifically bind to a disease-associated antigen, such as a tumor-associated antigen.
- a “disease-associated antigen” refers to antigen that is expressed coincidentally with a particular disease process, where antigen expression correlates with or predicts 190913.00401 development of that disease.
- a disease-associated antigen can be an antigen recognized by T-cells or B-cells. Some disease-associated antigens may also be tissue-specific. A tissue- specific antigen is expressed in a limited number of tissues.
- Disease-associated antigens can be, for example, tumor-associated antigens, viral antigens, bacterial antigens, fungal antigens, or parasite antigens.
- a “tumor-associated antigen” refers to an antigen that is predominately present on tumor cells, in tumor cells, or in tumor microenvironment, which can be used for treating one or more tumors. Tumor-associated antigen is distinguished from normal cellular proteins by distinct features in their levels of expression, localization, or major histocompatibility processing, which allows for their effective targeting in malignancies.
- Tumor-associated antigen can be broadly categorized into three groups: aberrantly expressed self-antigens, mutated self-antigens and tumor-specific antigens.
- Tumor-associated antigen as used herein includes an antigen that can be used as a target for treating one or more tumors, wherein its upregulation/activation or downregulation/inhibition is related to tumorigenesis or tumor progress.
- Tumor-associated antigen as used herein also denotes a peptide which has been isolated and identified from tumorous material and which underwent antigen processing in an antigen presenting cell and can thus be recognized by immune effector cells of the host. In particular, it refers to an antigen expressed exclusively on, associated with, or over-expressed in tumor tissue.
- a TAA peptide may comprise or consist of 5 to 20, 8 to 14, 8 to 12, for example 9 to 11 amino acids.
- TAA peptides that are capable of use with methods and embodiments described herein include, for example, those TAA peptides described in U.S. Publication 20160187351, U.S. Publication 20170165335, U.S. Publication 20170035807, U.S. Publication 20160280759, U.S. Publication 20160287687, U.S. Publication 20160346371, U.S. Publication 20160368965, U.S. Publication 20170022251, U.S. Publication 20170002055, U.S. Publication 20170029486, U.S.
- Exemplary disease-associated viral antigens include, but are not limited to, 190913.00401 antigens derived from adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, cytomegalovirus ("CMV”), dengue virus, Ebola virus, Epstein-Barr virus (“EBV”), Guanarito virus, herpes simplex virus-type 1 ("HSV-1"), herpes simplex virus-type 2 (“HSV-2”), human herpesvirus-type 8 (“HHV-8”), hepatitis A virus (“HAV”), hepatitis B virus (“HBV”), hepatitis C virus (“HCV”), hepatitis D virus (“HDV”), hepatitis E virus (“HEV”), human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”), influenza virus, Junin virus, Lassa virus, Machupo virus, Marburg virus, measles virus, human metapneumovirus, mumps virus, Norwalk virus, human
- bacterial antigen refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic virus.
- exemplary bacterial antigens include, but are not limited to, antigens derived from Bacillus anthracis, Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, Brucella canis, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittaci, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium peringens, Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diptheriae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli) 157
- fungal antigen refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic fungus.
- exemplary fungal antigens include, but are not limited to, antigens derived from Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum canis, Pneumocystis carinii, 190913.00401 Pneumocystis jirovecii, Sporothrix schenckii, Stachbotrys chartarum
- parasite antigen refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic parasite.
- Exemplary parasite antigens include, but are not limited to, antigens derived from Anisakis spp. Babesia spp., Baylisascaris procyonis, Cyptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Diphyllobothrium spp., Dracunculus medinensis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia, Leishmania sp., Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Taenia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis, and Trypanosoma cruzi.
- the targeting moiety is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- antigen-binding fragment it is meant any antibody fragment that retains its binding activity to the target on the cancer cell, such as an scFv or other functional fragment including an immunoglobulin devoid of light chains, VHH, VNAR, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, Fv, antibody fragment, diabody, scAB, single-domain heavy chain antibody, single- domain light chain antibody, Fd, CDR regions, or any portion or peptide sequence of the antibody that is capable of binding antigen or epitope.
- VHH and VNAR are alternatives to classical antibodies and even though they are produced in different species (camelids and sharks, respectively).
- full length antibody when the disclosure refers to antibody it inherently includes a reference to an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- Certain targets of antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or protein may include: Her2/Neu (Epithelial malignancies); CD22 (B cells, autoimmune or malignant); EpCAM (CD326) (Epithelial malignancies); EGFR (epithelial malignancies); PSMA (Prostate Carcinoma); CD30 (B cell malignancies); CD20 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD33 (Myeloid malignancies); membrane lgE (Allergic B cells); lgE Receptor (CD23) (Mast cells or B cells in allergic disease), CD80 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD86 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD2 (T cell or NK cell lymphomas); CA125 (multiple cancers including Ovarian carcinoma); Carbonic Anhydrase
- the FDA maintains listings of approved antibody drugs or therapeutic antibodies for treating cancer, See The Orange Book Online or Drugs@FDA on the FDA website.
- the FDA also maintains listings of clinical trials in progress for therapeutic antibodies in the clinicaltrials.gov database, which may be searched by disease names.
- These antibody drugs or therapeutic antibodies or their antigen-binding sections which are specific for various disease-associated antigens or tumor -associated antigen, can be employed as or in the targeting moiety or effector moiety in the protein complex, related compositions, and related treatment methods disclosed herein.
- the targeting moiety can be or include a member of a binding pair while the other member of the binding pair is on a target of interest.
- Example of the binding pair include a ligand-receptor pair.
- a targeting moiety may be a binding partner for a protein known to be expressed on a cancer cell. Such expression levels may include overexpression.
- the ligand may include IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, .alpha.-MSH, transferrin, folic acid, EGF, TGF, PD1, IL-13, stem cell factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), CD40, or CD47.
- the targeting moiety comprises a full-length sequence of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, .alpha.-MSH, transferrin, folic acid, EGF, TGF, PD1, IL-13, stem cell factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), or CD40.
- the targeting moiety comprises a truncated form, analog, variant, or derivative of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, ⁇ -MSH, transferrin, folic acid, EGF, TGF, PD1, IL-13, stem cell factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), or CD40.
- the targeting moiety binds a target on the cancer comprising IL-2 receptor, IL-4, IL-6, melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor (MSH receptor), transferrin receptor (TR), folate receptor 1 (FOLR), folate hydroxylase (FOLH1), EGF receptor, PD-L1, PD-L2, IL-13R, CXCR4, IGFR, or CD40L.
- the binding partner need not comprise the full length or wildtype sequence for the binding partners. All that is required is that the binding partner bind to the target on the cancer cell and can thus include truncated forms, analogs, variants, and derivatives that are well known in the art. Others
- the targeting moiety capable of targeting a target is not an antibody, but is another type of targeting moiety.
- a wide range of targeting moieties capable of targeting cancer are known, including DNA aptamers, RNA aptamers, albumins, lipocalins, fibronectins, ankyrins, CH1/2/3 scaffolds (including abdurins (IgG CH2 scaffolds)), fynomers, Obodies, DARPins, knotins, avimers, atrimers, anticallins, affilins, affibodies, bicyclic peptides, cys-knots, FN3 (adnectins, centryrins, pronectins, TN3), and Kunitz domains.
- These and other non-antibody scaffold structures may be used for targeting to a cancer cell.
- the binding partner may be an aptamer that is capable of binding to a protein known to be expressed on a cancer cell.
- effector moiety or effector domain or effector agent refers to an entity (e.g., an atom, a molecule, a compound, or a cell) which mediates a biological activity or response (e.g., immune response) or is useful for diagnostic or therapeutic application.
- An effector agent can be a diagnostic agent or a therapeutic agent.
- a diagnostic effector moiety or domain or agent may be any entity that is useful in diagnosing a disease.
- Useful diagnostic agents include, but are not limited to, enzymes, DNAs, RNAs, peptides, substrates, chemiluminescence agents, radioisotopes, dyes, contrast agents, fluorescent compounds or molecules, enhancing agents (e.g., paramagnetic ions), or beads or other conjugates for collection.
- a magnetic bead may be any suitable magnetic bead used for standard purification or separation. Accordingly, a magnetic bead may be ferromagnetic or paramagnetic or superparamagnetic, such as permanent magnets or materials attracted to magnetic materials.
- a therapeutic effector moiety or domain or agent means any entity that may exert a therapeutic effect.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors examples include immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune costimulatory/agonist agents (antibodies, ligands, or chemical agents), immune coinhibitory/antagonist agents (antibodies, protein, or chemical agents), cytokines, complement agents, cancer vaccines, anticancer agents, radioisotopes such as radioactive iodine-labeled compounds, toxins, cytostatic or cytolytic drugs, etc.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise, for example, antibodies or chemical agents against PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4.
- Immune costimulatory/agonist agents comprise, for example, antibodies, ligands, or chemical agents against 4-1BB, ICOS, GITR, CD70, CD27, OX40, or CD40.
- Immune coinhibitory/antagonist agents comprise, for example, antibodies, proteins, or chemical agents against VISTA, CCR4, B7-H3, TIM-3, LAG-3, KIR, IDO-1,2, TIGIT, A2aR, TGF- ⁇ 190913.00401 CD47, CD73, NKG2A, or NKG2B.
- Cytokines comprise, for example, IFN- ⁇ ,)1- ⁇ ,)1- ⁇ IFN- ⁇ ,/- ⁇ ,/ ⁇ ,/ ⁇ ,/-15, IL-17, or IL-12.
- Complement agents comprise, for example, antibodies, proteins, or chemical agents against C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C5a, C5aR1, C6, MASPs, MSAP2, MASP3, FB, FD, or Properdin.
- Cancer vaccines comprise any cancer- specific antigens that can induce immune response of the body to attack the cancer.
- Anticancer agents comprise, for example, aminoglutethimide, azathioprine, bleomycin sulfate, busulfan, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cytarabidine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubin, doxorubicin, taxol, etoposide, fluorouracil, interferon-.alpha., lomustine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, mitotane, procarbazine HCl, thioguanine, vinblastine sulfate and vincristine sulfate.
- Toxins may be proteins such as pokeweed antiviral protein, cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, ricin, gelonin, abrin, diphtheria exotoxin, Onconase (Ranpirnase), or Pseudomonas exotoxin.
- Toxin residues may also be high energy- emitting radionuclides such as cobalt-60.
- Other examples include cytotoxins or cytotoxic agents.
- a cytotoxin or cytotoxic agent includes any agent that is detrimental to and, in particular, kills cells.
- useful classes of cytotoxic agents include, for example, oncolytic peptide, antitubulin agents, DNA minor groove binders (e.g., enediynes and lexitropsins), DNA replication inhibitors, alkylating agents (e.g., platinum complexes such as cis-platin, mono(platinum), bis(platinum) and tri- nuclear platinum complexes and carboplatin), anthracyclines, antibiotics, antifolates, antimetabolites, chemotherapy sensitizers, duocarmycins, etoposides, fluorinated pyrimidines, ionophores, nitrosoureas, platinols, pre-forming compounds, purine antimetabolites, puromycins, radiation sensitizers, steroids, taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel), topoisomerase inhibitors
- cytotoxic agents include, for example, an androgen, anthramycin (AMC), asparaginase, 5-azacytidine, azathioprine, bleomycin, busulfan, buthionine sulfoximine, camptothecin, carboplatin, carmustine (BSNU), CC-1065, chlorambucil, cisplatin, colchicine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytidine arabinoside, cytochalasin B, dacarbazine, dactinomycin (formerly actinomycin), daunorubicin, decarbazine, docetaxel, doxorubicin, an estrogen, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, 5-fluorouracil, gramicidin D, hydroxyurea, idarubicin, ifosfamide, irinotecan, lomustine (CCNU), mechlorethamine, melphalan, 6-mercap
- anti-tubulin agents include, but are not limited to, dolastatins (e.g., auristatin E, AFP, MMAF, MMAE, AEB, AEVB), maytansinoids, taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel, docetaxel), T67 (Tularik), vinca alkyloids (e.g., vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, and vinorelbine), baccatin derivatives, taxane analogs (e.g., epothilone A and B), nocodazole, colchicine and colcimid, estramustine, cryptophysins, cemadotin, combretastatins, discodermolide, and eleutherobin.
- dolastatins e.g., auristatin E, AFP, MMAF, MMAE, AEB, AEVB
- maytansinoids e.g., paclitaxel,
- Radioisotopes to generate cytotoxic radiopharmaceuticals include, e.g., iodine-131, yttrium- 90 or indium-111. Additional exemplary therapeutic agents that can be used as therapeutic effector moiety are described below in the section of Other Therapeutic Agents. Techniques for conjugating such therapeutic effector moiety (drug) to antibodies, proteins, or peptides are well known. The generation of antibody/protein/peptide-drug conjugates can be accomplished by any technique known to the skilled artisan. A peptide and a drug may be directly bound to each other via their own linker groups or indirectly via a linker or other substance.
- the effector moiety can be or can include an immune cell engaging domain that can bind or recruit one or more immune cells.
- the immune cell is a T cell, natural killer cell, macrophage, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, ⁇ 7 ⁇ FHOO ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ FHOO ⁇ RU ⁇ HQJLQHHUHG ⁇ LPPXQH ⁇ FHOO ⁇ T cell
- the effector moiety may bind to the CD3 antigen and/or T-cell receptor or any specific engaging marker on the surface of the T-cell.
- CD3 is present on all T FHOOV ⁇ DQG ⁇ FRQVLVWV ⁇ RI ⁇ VXEXQLWV ⁇ GHVLJQDWHG ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ DQG ⁇ ⁇ 7KH ⁇ F ⁇ WRSODVPLF ⁇ Wail of CD3 is sufficient to transduce the signals necessary for cell activation in the absence of the other components of the TCR receptor complex. Normally, activation of T cell cytotoxicity depends first on binding of the TCR with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein, itself bound to a foreign antigen, located on a separate cell.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- T cell cytotoxicity In a normal situation, only when this initial TCR-MHC binding has taken place can the CD3 dependent signally cascade responsible for T cell clonal expansion and, ultimately, T cell cytotoxicity ensue. In some of the present embodiments, however, when the multispecific protein complex binds to CD3 190913.00401 and/or the TCR, activation of cytotoxic T cells in the absence of independent TCR-MHC can take place by virtue of the crosslinking of the CD3 and/or TCR molecules mimicking an immune synapse formation. This means that T cells may be cytotoxically activated in a clonally independent fashion, i.e. in a manner that is independent of the specific TCR clone carried by the T cell.
- the T-cell engaging domain may comprise an scFv that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a T cell, such as CD3 or TCR. If the antigen is CD3, one potential T-cell engaging domain may be derived from muromonab (muromonab-CD3 or OKT3), otelixizumab, teplizumab, visilizumab, foralumab, 20G6, or SP34.
- the immune cell engaging domain can be or can include a natural killer (NK) cell engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on the NK cell.
- the antigen on the surface of the NK cell may be NKG2D, CD16, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 or DNAM.
- having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the natural killer cell and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell allows specific engagement of natural killer cells. Engagement of natural killer cells can lead to their activation and induce natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release.
- the natural killer cell may specifically lyse the target cells bound by the protein complex. Killing of a target cell may be mediated by either the perforin/granzyme system or by FasL-Fas engagement.
- natural killer cells are also able to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha which can activate macrophages and dendritic cells in the immediate vicinity to enhance the anti-target (e.g., anti-cancer) immune response.
- the natural killer cell engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a natural killer cell, such as NKG2D, CD16, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and DNAM.
- the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a macrophage engaging domain.
- a "macrophage” may refer to any cell of the mononuclear phagocytic system, such as grouped lineage-committed bone marrow precursors, circulating monocytes, resident macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). Examples of resident macrophages can include Kupffer cells and microglia.
- the macrophage engaging domain binds specifically to an antigen on the surface of the macrophage to engage these cells.
- the antigen on the surface of the macrophage may be CD89 (Fc alpha receptor 1), CD64 (Fc gamma receptor 1), CD32 (Fc gamma receptor 2A) or CD16a (Fc gamma receptor 3A).
- a target cell e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell
- a target cell e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell
- inducing macrophage phagocytosis via binding to an antigen on the surface of the macrophages is independent of Fc receptor binding, which has been shown previously to be a method of target (e.g., tumor) cell killing by macrophages.
- target e.g., tumor
- engagement of toll-like receptors on the macrophage surface leads to engagement of macrophages.
- the macrophage engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a macrophage, such as CD89, CD64, CD32, CD16a, or toll-like receptors.
- the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a neutrophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on a neutrophil.
- having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the neutrophil and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell allows specific engagement of neutrophils. Engagement of neutrophils can lead to phagocytosis and target cell uptake. That is, the neutrophil may engulf the target 190913.00401 cells.
- the neutrophil engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a neutrophil, such as any of those described above.
- the immune cell engaging domain can be or include an eosinophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on eosinophil.
- an eosinophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on eosinophil.
- having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the eosinophil and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell allows specific engagement of eosinophils.
- EPO eosinophil-associated ribonucleases
- MBP1 major basic protein 1
- EARs eosinophil-associated ribonucleases
- the eosinophil may phagocytose the target cell or secrete neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); finally, they may activate their respiratory burst cascade to kill phagocytosed cells.
- the eosinophil engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of an eosinophil, such as any of those described above.
- the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a basophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on a basophil.
- an antigen on the surface of the basophil may be CD89 (Fc alpha receptor ⁇ RU ⁇ )F ⁇ 5, ⁇
- having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on basophil and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell allows specific engagement of basophils. Engagement of basophils can lead to the release of basophil granule components such as histamine, proteoglycans, and proteolytic enzymes. They also secrete leukotrienes (LTD-4) and cytokines.
- the basophil engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a basophil, such as any of those described above.
- the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a NKT engaging domain.
- NKT cells refers to T cellV ⁇ WKDW ⁇ H[SUHVV ⁇ WKH ⁇ 9 ⁇ DQG ⁇ 9 ⁇ 7&5 ⁇ receptors.
- the NKT engaging domain specifically binds to an antigen on the surface of the NKT to engage these cells. Examples of the antigen on the surface of the NKT include ⁇ TCR, NKG ⁇ ' ⁇ &' ⁇ &RPSOH[ ⁇ &' ⁇ &' ⁇ &' ⁇ &' ⁇ DQG ⁇ &' ⁇ -1BB, or IL-12R.
- having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the NKT and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell allows specific engagement of NKT. Engagement of NKTs can lead to cytolysis of the target cell. In that case, the NKT may cytolysis of the target cell and the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
- the NKT engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a NKT, such as such as any of those described above.
- Engineered immune cell In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include an engineered immune cell engaging domain.
- the engaging domain specifically binds to an antigen on the surface of the engineered immune cell to engage these cells.
- the antigen on the surface of the engineered immune cell may be an 190913.00401 engagement domain recited KHUHLQ ⁇ ZLWK ⁇ VSHFLILFLW ⁇ IRU ⁇ 7 ⁇ FHOOV ⁇ 1. ⁇ FHOOV ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ FHOOV ⁇ RU ⁇ 7 ⁇ cells.
- the engineered immune cell is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell.
- the CAR may comprise an extracellular domain (for example, an scFv) capable of tightly binding to a tumor antigen, fused to a signaling domain partly derived from a receptor naturally expressed by an immune cell.
- CARs are described in Facts about Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, December 2017.
- CARs may comprise an scFV region specific for a target (such as a tumor antigen), an intracellular co-stimulatory domain, and linker and transmembrane region.
- a CAR in a CAR T cell may comprise an extracellular domain targeting a tumor antigen fused to a signaling domain partly derived from the T cell receptor.
- a CAR may also comprise a co-stimulatory domain, such as CD28, 4-1 BB, or OX40.
- binding of the CAR expressed by an immune cell to a tumor target antigen results in immune cell activation, proliferation, and target cell elimination.
- a range of CARs may be used that differ in their scFV region, intracellular co-stimulatory domains, and linker and transmembrane regions to generate engineered immune cells.
- Exemplary engineered immune cells include CAR T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and ⁇ T cells.
- engineered immune cells can be derived from a patient's own immune cells or from a healthy donor.
- the patient's tumor expresses a tumor antigen that binds to the scFV of the CAR.
- CAR targets studied so far include CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD33, CD123, ROR1, Igk light chain, BCMA, LNGFR, and NKG2D.
- CAR technology would be available for developing engineered immune cells to a range of tumor antigens.
- a target cell e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell
- Engagement of engineered immune cells can lead to activation of the effector response of these cells such as cytolysis of their target, release of cytokines, and killing of the target cell.
- the engineered immune cell engaging domain may comprise an scFv that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of an engineered immune cell, based on the type of cell used for the engineering. 190913.00401
- Various exemplary antibodies specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a T FHOO ⁇ QDWXUDO ⁇ NLOOHU ⁇ FHOO ⁇ PDFURSKDJH ⁇ QHXWURSKLO ⁇ HRVLQRSKLO ⁇ EDVRSKLO ⁇ 7 ⁇ FHOO ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ FHOO ⁇ RU ⁇ engineered immune cell are known in the art. Examples include those described in, e.g., US20210269547, the content of which is incorporated by reference.
- the targeting moiety and effector moiety can be conjugated together to form the protein complex using any methods known in the art.
- the targeting moiety and effector moiety can be formed via the two DDD moieties and the AD moiety.
- two DDD moieties form a dimer that binds to the AD moiety.
- DDD and AD This DDD/AD approach takes advantage of the specific and high-affinity binding interactions that occur between a dimerization and docking domain (DDD) sequence of the regulatory (R) subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and an anchor domain (AD) sequence derived from any of a variety of AKAP proteins (Baillie et al., FEBS Letters.
- DDD dimerization and docking domain
- R regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
- AD anchor domain
- the DDD and AD peptides may be attached to any protein, peptide, or other molecule. Because the DDD sequences spontaneously dimerize and bind to the AD sequence, the technique allows the formation of complexes between any selected molecules that may be attached to DDD or AD sequences. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,521,056; 7,527,787; 7,534,866; 7,550,143; 7,666,400; 7,901,680; 7,906,118; 7,981,398; and 8,003,111. The contents of these patents are incorporated herein by reference.
- a standard DDD/AD complex comprises a trimer with two DDD-linked molecules attached to one AD-linked molecule
- variations in complex structure allow the formation of dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers and other multimers.
- the complex described herein may comprise two or more antibodies, antibody fragments or fusion proteins which bind to the same antigenic determinant or to two or more different antigens.
- the complex may also comprise one or more other effectors, such as proteins, peptides, immunomodulators, cytokines, interleukins, interferons, binding proteins, peptide ligands, carrier proteins, toxins, ribonucleases such as onconase, inhibitory oligonucleotides such as siRNA, antigens or xenoantigens, polymers such as PEG, enzymes, therapeutic agents, hormones, cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenic agents, pro-apoptotic agents or any other molecule or aggregate.
- effectors such as proteins, peptides, immunomodulators, cytokines, interleukins, interferons, binding proteins, peptide ligands, carrier proteins, toxins, ribonucleases such as onconase, inhibitory oligonucleotides such as siRNA, antigens or xenoantigens, polymers such as PEG, enzymes, therapeutic agents, hormones, cytotoxic
- Isozymes of PKA are found with WZR ⁇ W ⁇ SHV ⁇ RI ⁇ 5 ⁇ VXEXQLWV ⁇ 5, ⁇ DQG ⁇ 5,, ⁇ DQG ⁇ HDFK ⁇ W ⁇ SH ⁇ KDV ⁇ DQG ⁇ LVRIRUPV ⁇ 6FRWW ⁇ 3KDUPDFRO ⁇ Ther. 1991; 50:123).
- the four isoforms of PKA regulatory subunits DUH ⁇ 5, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 5,, ⁇ DQG ⁇ 5,, ⁇ HDFK ⁇ RI ⁇ ZKLFK ⁇ FRPSULVHV ⁇ D ⁇ ''' ⁇ PRLHW ⁇ DPLQR ⁇ DFLG ⁇ VHTXHQFH ⁇ 7KH ⁇ 5,, ⁇ subunits have been isolated only as stable dimers and the dimerization domain has been shown to consist of the first 44 amino-terminal residues(Newlon et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 1999; 6:222). As discussed below, similar portions of the amino acid sequences of other regulatory subunits are involved in dimerization and docking, each located near the N-terminal end of the regulatory subunit.
- Binding of cAMP to the R subunits leads to the release of active catalytic subunits for a broad spectrum of serine/threonine kinase activities, which are oriented toward selected substrates through the compartmentalization of PKA via its docking with AKAPs (Scott et al., J. Biol. Chem.1990; 265; 21561). Since the first AKAP, microtubule-associated protein-2, was characterized in 1984 (Lohmann et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
- AKAPs that localize to various sub-cellular sites, including plasma membrane, actin cytoskeleton, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, have been identified with diverse structures in species ranging from yeast to humans (Wong and Scott, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004; 5:959).
- the AD of AKAPs for PKA is an amphipathic helix of 14-18 residues (Carr et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266:14188).
- the amino acid sequences of the AD are varied among individual AKAPs, with the binding affinities reported for RII dimers ranging from 2 to 90 nM (Alto et al., Proc.
- AKAPs will only ELQG ⁇ WR ⁇ GLPHULF ⁇ 5 ⁇ VXEXQLWV ⁇ )RU ⁇ KXPDQ ⁇ 5,, ⁇ WKH ⁇ $' ⁇ ELQGV ⁇ WR ⁇ D ⁇ K ⁇ GURSKRELF ⁇ VXUIDFH ⁇ IRUPHG ⁇ by the 23 amino-terminal residues (Colledge and Scott, Trends Cell Biol.1999; 6:216).
- the dimerization domain and AKAP binding domain of human RII ⁇ are both located within the same N-terminal 44 amino acid sequence (Newlon et al., Nat. Struct. Biol.
- DDD human PKA regulatory subunits and the AD of AKAP are used as a binding pair of linker modules for docking any two entities into a noncovalent complex, which could be further locked through the introduction of cysteine 190913.00401 residues into both the DDD and AD at strategic positions to facilitate the formation of disulfide bonds.
- FIGs. 10A-10D Illustrated in FIGs. 10A-10D are schematics of four exemplary formats or models of the protein complex described herein. As exemplified in FIGs.
- the two light chains of one antibody are linked to two DDD sequences while another protein (e.g., a single chain anti-CD3 antibody) is linked to an AD sequence. Because the two DDD sequences would effect the spontaneous formation of a dimer, the two DDD-containing chains dimerize via the DDD sequences.
- the dimeric motif of DDD contained in the light chains creates a docking site for binding to the AD sequence contained in the other protein, thus facilitating a ready association of the two light chains and the other protein (anti-CD3 antibody in this particular example) to form a binary, trimeric complex having two antigen sites for one antigen (e.g., TAA) and one antigen site for another (e.g., CD3), a “2+1” format.
- the two heavy chains of one antibody e.g., an anti-TAA antibody
- FIGs. 10D the two heavy chains of one antibody (e.g., an anti-TAA antibody) are linked to (Fig. 10D) or inserted with (FIG.
- DDD sequences two DDD sequences while another protein (e.g., a single chain anti-CD3 antibody) is linked to an AD sequence.
- the dimeric motif of DDD contained in the heavy chains creates a docking site for binding to the AD sequence contained in the other protein, thus facilitating a ready association of the two heavy chains and the other protein (anti-CD3 antibody in this particular example), thereby also forming a binary, trimeric complex of the “2+1” format.
- This binding event can be stabilized with a subsequent reaction to covalently secure the two or three entities of the trimeric complex via disulfide bridges, which can occur very efficiently based on the principle of effective local concentration because the initial binding interactions should bring the reactive thiol groups placed onto both the DDD and AD into proximity (Chmura et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001; 98:8480) to ligate site- specifically.
- the two linkers connecting each pair of light chain and DDD sequences is stabilized with a disulfide bond.
- Such one or more disulfide bonds can also be strategically placed between any two or more chains in the complex.
- two free DDD-fused molecules for example, two Fab-DDD molecules or two interferon-DDD molecules
- an AD-fused molecule for example, a scFv-AD2 molecule
- two DDD moieties could dimerize correctly (intramolecularly dimerize, intermolecularly crosslink or both) when they are fused to two light chains or two heavy chains of one immunoglobulin molecule.
- Format D it was unexpected that formation of a DDD/AD trimer at the C-termini of the heavy chains does not interfere with the function of the Fc regions.
- Format C was a design with the highest unpredictability due to potential space constrains and unpredictable effects on the DDD dimerization, DDD-AD interaction, and the structure/function of IgG molecules when two DDD moieties were inserted into the flexible hinge region.
- this format generated the best products in quality, purity, yield, and bioactivity.
- fusion proteins A variety of methods are known for making fusion proteins, including nucleic acid synthesis, hybridization and/or amplification to produce a synthetic double-stranded nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein of interest.
- double-stranded nucleic acids may be inserted into expression vectors for fusion protein production by standard molecular biology techniques.
- skilled artisans may consult Frederick M. Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, 2003; and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual," Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2001).
- the AD and/or DDD moiety may be attached to either the N-terminal end or C-terminal end or in the middle of an effector or targeting protein or peptide.
- site of attachment of an AD or DDD moiety to an effector moiety may vary, depending on the chemical nature of the effector moiety and the part(s) of the effector or targeting moiety involved in its physiological activity.
- Site-specific attachment of a variety of effector or targeting moieties may be performed using techniques known in the art, such as the use of bivalent cross-linking reagents and/or other chemical conjugation techniques.
- Various AD or DDD sequences may be used.
- Exemplary DDD and AD sequences include those described in US 9315567, and their functional variants. Name Sequence SEQ ID NO 190913.00401
- the structure-function relationships of the AD and DDD domains have been the subject of investigation. See, e.g., Burns-Hamuro et al., 2005, Protein Sci 14:2982-92; Carr et al., 2001, J Biol Chem 276:17332-38; Alto et al., 2003, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4445-50; Hundsrucker et al., 2006, Biochem J 396:297-306; Stokka et al., 2006, Biochem J 400:493-99; Gold et al., 2006, Mol Cell 24:383-95; Kinderman et al., 2006, Mol Cell 24:397-408.
- SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA SEQ ID NO:_77
- conservative amino acid substitutions have been characterized for each of the twenty common L-amino acids.
- potential alternative DDD sequences can be created based on the above sequence.
- the skilled artisan will realize that many other alternative species within the genus of DDD moieties can be constructed by standard techniques, for example using a commercial peptide synthesizer or well-known site- directed mutagenesis techniques. Listed below are some exemplary DDD variants.
- Alto et al. performed a bioinformatic analysis of the AD sequence of various AKAP proteins to design a RII selective AD sequence called AKAP-IS (SEQ ID NO: 75), with a binding constant for DDD of 0.4 nM.
- the AKAP-IS sequence was designed as a peptide antagonist of AKAP binding to PKA. Residues in the AKAP-IS sequence where substitutions tended to decrease binding to DDD are underlined in the sequence below.
- AKAP-IS sequence SEQ ID NO: 99
- the SuperAKAP-IS sequence may be substituted for the AKAP-IS AD moiety sequence to construct any of four Formats of complexes in FIGs.10A-10D.
- Both AKAP-IS and SuperAKAP-IS and their variants represent synthetic RII subunit-binding peptides with more listed in US 9315567.
- DDD-binding sequences were discovered from a variety of AKAP proteins or developed as peptide competitors of AKAP binding to PKA.
- the sequences of various AKAP antagonistic peptides are provided in Table 1 of Hundsrucker et al (2006, Biochem J396:297-306).
- the KXPDQ ⁇ $.$3 ⁇ -derived peptides provide a valuable substitution to synthetic AKAP-IS or SuperAKAP-IS or their variant peptides (such as AD2) in clincal application, it is the first time in current invention to link $.$3 ⁇ -derived peptides (such as AD7) to an unrelated protein that successfully formed a stable complex with another DDD-fused protein.
- the AD moiety may also include the additional N-terminal residues cysteine and glycine and C-terminal residues glycine and cysteine.
- linkers such as, but not limited to chemical modification, peptide linkers, chemical linkers, covalent or non-covalent bonds, or protein fusion or by any means known to one skilled in the art.
- the joining can be permanent or reversible. See for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4625014, 5057301 and 5514363, US Application Nos. 20150182596 and 20100063258, and WO2012142515, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
- several linkers can be included in order to take advantage of desired properties of each linker and each protein domain in the conjugate.
- linkers and linkers that increase the solubility of the complex are contemplated for use alone or with other linkers.
- Peptide linkers can be linked by expressing DNA encoding the linker to one or more protein domains in the conjugate.
- Linkers can be acid cleavable, photocleavable and heat sensitive linkers. Methods for conjugation are well known by persons skilled in the art and are encompassed for use in the present invention. Suitable examples of the linkers include peptides, polymers, nucleotides, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipid organic species (such as polyethylene glycol).
- the linker is a peptide linker.
- Peptide linkers may be from about 2-100, 10-50, or 15-30 amino acids long. In some embodiments, peptide linkers may be at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 amino acids long and no more than 80, no more than 90, or no more than 100 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the linker is a peptide linker that has a single or repeating GGGGS, GGGS, GS, GSGGS, GGSG, GGSGG, GSGSG, GSGSG, GSGGG, GGGSG, and/or GSSSG sequence(s) (SEQ ID NOs: 103-112). In some embodiments, the AD or DDD domain and another protein domain can be joined by a peptide linker.
- Peptide linkers can be linked by expressing nucleic acid encoding in frame the two domains and the linker.
- the linker peptide can be joined at either or both of the amino terminus and carboxy terminus of the domains.
- a linker is an immunoglobulin hinge region linker as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,165,476, 5,856,456, US Application Nos. 20150182596 and 2010/0063258 and International Application WO2012/142515, each of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
- Anti-TROP2 Antibodies and Anti-HER2 Antibodies 190913.00401 The disclosure provides novel anti-TROP2 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
- Trop2 is also known as tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, trophoblast antigen 2, cell surface glycoprotein Trop-2/Trop2, gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen GA7331, pancreatic carcinoma marker protein GA733-1/GA733, membrane component chromosome 1 surface marker 1 M1S1, epithelial glycoprotein-1 (EGP-1), CAA1, Gelatinous Drop-Like Corneal Dystrophy GDLD, and TTD2. It is coded by the gene Tacstd2 and the TACSTD2 gene in human. This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen, which is a member of a family including at least two type I membrane proteins. It transduces an intracellular calcium signal and acts as a cell surface receptor.
- transmembrane glycoprotein Trop2 is highly expressed in many cancers, but not all, and has differential expression in certain normal tissues. It is about 35 kDa. Trop2 spans the cellular membrane: it has an extracellular, a transmembrane, and an intracellular domain, along with a cytoplasmic tail essential for signaling (Shvartsur et al., Genes Cancer.2015 Mar; 6(3-4): 84–105.). Trop-2 is upregulated in many cancer types independent of baseline levels of Trop-2 expression.
- Trop-2 is an ideal candidate for targeted therapeutics due to it being a transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain overexpressed on a wide variety of tumors as well as its upregulated expression relative to normal cells.
- the anti-TROP2 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can be used to treat multiple cancers and tumor types. Examples include, but not limited to, breast cancer (e.g., triple-negative breast cancer), urothelial cancer (e.g., platinum-resistant urothelial cancer), and lung cancer (e.g., small-cell lung cancer).
- Example 3 and Table 2 below Shown in Example 3 and Table 2 below are CDR sequences, light chain variable region sequences, and heavy chain variable region sequences of an exemplary anti-TROP2 antibody L0125 and its humanized version hL0125.
- the antibodies may be used to treat and protect a subject prophylactically and therapeutically against a tumor or cancer.
- the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: three heavy chain complementarity determining regions (HCDRs) (HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3) of a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, such as SEQ ID Nos: 43-35 as shown in Table 2; and three light chain CDRs (LCDRs) 190913.00401 (LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3) of a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, such as SEQ ID Nos: 40-42 as shown in Table 2.
- HCDRs heavy chain complementarity determining regions
- LCDRs light chain CDRs
- the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.
- an antibody or an antigen-binding portion/fragment that binds to HER2 is used as the targeting moiety or the effector moiety in the protein complex described herein.
- Various anti-HER2 antibodies are known in the art. Such an anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding portion/fragment can be used in the protein complex.
- the anti-HER2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 of a heavy chain region having an amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 14, such as SEQ ID Nos: 24-26 as shown Table 3; and LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 of a light chain region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, such as SEQ ID Nos: 21-23 as shown in Table 3.
- the anti-HER2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; and a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 or having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof further comprises a variant Fc region (e.g., a variant Fc region containing E233P/L234V, L235A, G236del, and S267K substitutions according to the EU numbering).
- the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
- the antibody is a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a humanized monoclonal antibody.
- the antibody is a single-chain antibody, a Fab or a Fab2 fragment.
- the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be detectably labeled or conjugated to a toxin, a therapeutic agent, a polymer (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG)), a receptor, an enzyme or a receptor ligand.
- a toxin e.g., a tetanus toxin
- Such antibodies may be used to treat animals, including humans, that have cancer.
- an antibody of the present disclosure may be coupled to a detectable tag.
- Such antibodies may be used within diagnostic assays to determine if an animal, such as a human, has a cancer associated with TROP2 expression.
- detectable tags include fluorescent proteins (i.e., green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, yellow fluorescent protein), fluorescent markers (i.e., fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, texas red), radiolabels (i.e., 3H, 32P, 125I), enzymes (i.e. ⁇ ⁇ -galactosidase, horVHUDGLVK ⁇ SHUR[LGDVH ⁇ -glucuronidase, alkaline phosphatase), or an affinity tag (i.e., avidin, biotin, streptavidin).
- fluorescent proteins i.e., green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, yellow fluorescent protein
- fluorescent markers i.e., fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, texas red
- radiolabels i.e., 3H, 32P, 125I
- enzymes i.e. ⁇ ⁇ -galactosidase, horVHUDGLVK ⁇
- an antibody provided herein is an antibody fragment.
- Antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab')2, Fv, and single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments, and other fragments described below, e.g., diabodies, triabodies tetrabodies, and single-domain antibodies.
- Fab fragment antigen binding protein
- Diabodies are antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites that may be bivalent or bispecific.
- Single-domain antibodies are antibody fragments comprising all or a portion of the heavy chain variable domain or all or a portion of the light chain variable domain of an antibody.
- a single-domain antibody is a human single-domain antibody (DOMANTIS, Inc., Waltham, Mass.; see, e.g., U.S. Pat.
- Antibody fragments can be made by various techniques, including but not limited to proteolytic digestion of an intact antibody as well as production by recombinant host cells (e.g., E. coli or phage), as described herein.
- Chimeric and Humanized Antibodies In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein is a chimeric antibody. Certain chimeric antibodies are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6851-6855 (1984)).
- a chimeric antibody comprises a non-human variable region (e.g., a variable region derived from a mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, or non-human primate, such as a monkey) and a human constant region.
- a chimeric antibody is a “class switched” antibody in which the class or subclass has been changed from that of the parent antibody. Chimeric antibodies include antigen-binding fragments thereof.
- a chimeric antibody is a humanized antibody.
- a non-human antibody is humanized to reduce immunogenicity to humans, while retaining the specificity and affinity of the parental non-human antibody.
- a humanized antibody comprises one or more variable domains in which HVRs, e.g., CDRs, (or portions thereof) are derived from a non-human antibody, and FRs (or portions thereof) are derived from human antibody sequences.
- a humanized antibody optionally will also comprise at least a portion of a human constant region.
- some FR residues in a humanized antibody are substituted with corresponding residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., the antibody from which the HVR residues are derived), e.g., to restore or improve antibody specificity or affinity.
- Humanized antibodies and methods of making them are reviewed, e.g., in Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci.
- Human framework regions that may be used for humanization include but are not limited to: framework regions selected using the “best-fit” method (see, e.g., Sims et al. J. Immunol.
- framework regions derived from the consensus sequence of human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chain variable regions see, e.g., Carter et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:4285 (1992); and Presta et al. J. Immunol., 151:2623 (1993)); human mature (somatically mutated) framework regions or human germline framework regions (see, e.g., Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13:1619-1633 (2008)); and framework regions derived from screening FR libraries (see, e.g., Baca et al., J. Biol. Chem.
- an antibody provided herein is a human antibody.
- Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art or using techniques described herein. Human antibodies are described generally in van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5: 368-74 (2001) and Lonberg, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20:450-459 (2008). Human antibodies may be prepared by administering an immunogen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce intact human antibodies or intact antibodies with human variable regions in response to antigenic challenge.
- Such animals typically contain all or a portion of the human immunoglobulin loci, which replace the endogenous immunoglobulin loci, or which are present extrachromosomally or integrated randomly into the animal's chromosomes.
- the endogenous immunoglobulin loci have generally been inactivated.
- Human variable regions from intact antibodies generated by such animals may be further modified, e.g., by combining with a different human constant region.
- Human antibodies can also be made by hybridoma-based methods. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies have been described. (See, e.g., Kozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp.
- Human hybridoma technology (Trioma technology) is also described in Vollmers and Brandlein, Histology and Histopathology, 20(3):927-937 (2005) and Vollmers and Brandlein, Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27(3):185-91 (2005).
- Human antibodies may also be generated by isolating Fv clone with variable domain sequences selected from human-derived phage display libraries. Such variable domain sequences may then be combined with a desired human constant domain. Techniques for selecting human antibodies from antibody libraries are described below.
- Antibodies of the disclosure may be isolated by screening combinatorial libraries for antibodies with the desired activity or activities. For example, a variety of methods are known in the art for generating phage display libraries and screening such libraries for antibodies possessing the desired binding characteristics.
- naive repertoire can be cloned (e.g., from human) to provide a single source of antibodies to a wide range of non-self and also self-antigens without any immunization as described by Griffiths et al., EMBO J, 12: 725-734 (1993).
- naive libraries can also be made synthetically by cloning unrearranged V-gene segments from stem cells and using PCR primers containing random sequence to encode the highly variable CDR3 regions and to accomplish rearrangement in vitro, as described by Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381-388 (1992).
- Patent publications describing human antibody phage libraries include, for example, U.S. Pat. No.
- Antibodies or antibody fragments isolated from human antibody libraries are considered human antibodies or human antibody fragments herein.
- Variants amino acid sequence variants of the antibodies and any components of the above-described protein complex are contemplated.
- the components can be any of the immunoglobulin chains, targeting moiety/agent, effector moiety/agent, DDD moiety, and AD moiety. Accordingly, the protein complexes and the fusion proteins disclosed herein include those having one or more variants of the components.
- Amino acid sequence variants of an antibody may be prepared by introducing appropriate modifications into the nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody, or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, deletions from, and/or insertions into and/or substitutions of residues within the amino acid sequences of the antibody. Any combination of deletion, insertion, and substitution can be made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics, e.g., antigen binding. Substitution, Insertion, and Deletion Variants 190913.00401 In some embodiments, antibody variants having one or more amino acid substitutions are provided.
- Sites of interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the HVRs and FRs.
- Conservative substitutions are defined herein.
- Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into an antibody of interest and the products screened for a desired activity, e.g., retained/improved antigen binding, decreased immunogenicity, or improved antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
- ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- an antibody of the disclosure can comprise one or more conservative modifications of the CDRs, heavy chain variable region, or light variable regions described herein.
- a conservative modification or functional equivalent of a peptide, polypeptide, or protein disclosed in this disclosure refers to a polypeptide derivative of the peptide, polypeptide, or protein, e.g., a protein having one or more point mutations, insertions, deletions, truncations, a fusion protein, or a combination thereof. It substantially retains the activity of the parent peptide, polypeptide, or protein (such as those disclosed in this disclosure).
- a conservative modification or functional equivalent is at least 60% (e.g., any number between 60% and 100%, inclusive, e.g., 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, and 99%) identical to a parent.
- heavy chain variable region or light variable regions having one or more point mutations, insertions, deletions, truncations, a fusion protein, or a combination thereof, as well as antibodies having the variant regions.
- percent homology between two amino acid sequences is equivalent to the percent identity between the two sequences.
- the comparison of sequences and determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm, as described in the non-limiting examples below.
- the percent identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller (Comput. Appl. Biosci., 4:11-17 (1988)) which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0), using a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4.
- the percent identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch (J. 190913.00401 Mol. Biol.
- the protein sequences of the present disclosure can further be used as a “query sequence” to perform a search against public databases to, for example, identify related sequences. Such searches can be performed using the XBLAST program (version 2.0) of Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-10.
- Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25(17):3389-3402.
- the default parameters of the respective programs e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST
- XBLAST and NBLAST See www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
- An exemplary substitutional variant is an affinity matured antibody, which may be conveniently generated, e.g., using phage display-based affinity maturation techniques such as those described in, e.g., Hoogenboom et al., in Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, N.J., (2001).
- Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue.
- insertional variants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (e.g., for ADEPT) or a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody.
- the disclosed methods and compositions may involve production and use of proteins or peptides with one or more substituted amino acid residues.
- the DDD and/or AD sequence variants have been discussed above.
- amino acid substitutions typically involve the replacement of an amino acid with another amino acid of relatively similar properties (i.e., conservative amino acid substitutions).
- the properties of the various amino acids and effect of amino acid substitution on protein structure and function have been the subject of extensive study and knowledge in the art.
- the hydropathic index of amino acids may be considered (Kyte & Doolittle, 1982, J. Mol. Biol., 157:105-132).
- the relative hydropathic character of the amino acid contributes to the secondary structure of the resultant protein, which in turn defines the interaction of the protein with other molecules.
- Each amino acid has been assigned a hydropathic index on the basis of its hydrophobicity and charge characteristics (Kyte & Doolittle, 1982), these are: isoleucine (+4.5); valine (+4.2); leucine (+3.8); phenylalanine (+2.8); cysteine/cystine (+2.5); methionine (+1.9); alanine (+1.8); glycine (-0.4); threonine (- 0.7); serine (-0.8); tryptophan (-0.9); tyrosine (-1.3); proline (-1.6); histidine (-3.2); glutamate (-3.5); glutamine (-3.5); aspartate (-3.5); asparagine (-3.5); lysine (-3.9); and arginine (-4.5).
- amino acids whose hydropathic indices are within .+-.2 is preferred, within .+-.1 are more preferred, and within .+-.0.5 are even more preferred.
- Amino acid substitution may also take into account the hydrophilicity of the amino acid residue (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,554,101).
- Hydrophilicity values have been assigned to amino acid residues: arginine (+3.0); lysine (+3.0); aspartate (+3.0); glutamate (+3.0); serine (+0.3); asparagine (+0.2); glutamine (+0.2); glycine (0); threonine (-0.4); proline (-0.5.+- .0.1); alanine (-0.5); histidine (-0.5); cysteine (-1.0); methionine (-1.3); valine (-1.5); leucine (-1.8); isoleucine (-1.8); tyrosine (-2.3); phenylalanine (-2.5); tryptophan (-3.4). Replacement of amino acids with others of similar hydrophilicity is preferred.
- amino acid side chain For example, it would generally not be preferred to replace an amino acid with a compact side chain, such as glycine or serine, with an amino acid with a bulky side chain, e.g., tryptophan or tyrosine.
- a compact side chain such as glycine or serine
- an amino acid with a bulky side chain e.g., tryptophan or tyrosine.
- the effect of various amino acid residues on protein secondary structure is also a consideration. Through empirical study, the effect of different amino acid residues on the tendency of protein domains to adopt an alpha-helical, beta-sheet or reverse turn secondary structure has been determined and is known in the art (see, e.g., Chou & Fasman, 1974, Biochemistry, 13:222-245; 1978, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 47: 251-276; 1979, Biophys.
- amino acid substitutions include whether or not the residue is located in the interior of a protein or is solvent exposed.
- conservative substitutions would include: Asp and Asn; Ser and Thr; Ser and Ala; Thr and Ala; Ala and Gly; Ile and Val; Val and Leu; Leu and Ile; Leu and Met; Phe and Tyr; Tyr and Trp.
- conservative substitutions would include: Asp and Asn; Asp and Glu; Glu and Gln; Glu and Ala; Gly and Asn; Ala and Pro; Ala and Gly; Ala and Ser; Ala and Lys; Ser and Thr; Lys and Arg; Val and Leu; Leu and Ile; Ile and Val; Phe and Tyr.
- matrices have been constructed to assist in selection of amino acid substitutions, such as the PAM250 scoring matrix, Dayhoff matrix, Grantham matrix, McLachlan matrix, Doolittle matrix, Henikoff matrix, Miyata matrix, Fitch matrix, Jones matrix, Rao matrix, Levin matrix and Risler matrix (Idem.)
- amino acid substitutions one may also consider the existence of intermolecular or intramolecular bonds, such as formation of ionic bonds (salt bridges) between positively charged residues (e.g., His, Arg, Lys) and negatively charged residues (e.g., Asp, Glu) or disulfide bonds between nearby cysteine residues.
- an antibody provided herein is altered to increase or decrease the extent to which the antibody is glycosylated. Addition or deletion of glycosylation sites to an antibody may be conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such that one or more glycosylation sites are created or removed. For example, an aglycoslated antibody can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks glycosylation).
- Glycosylation can be altered to, for example, increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen.
- Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more sites of glycosylation within the antibody sequence. For example, one 190913.00401 or more amino acid substitutions can be made that result in elimination of one or more variable region framework glycosylation sites to thereby eliminate glycosylation at that site.
- Such aglycosylation may increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen.
- Such an approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos.5,714,350 and 6,350,861 by Co et al.
- Glycosylation of the constant region on N297 may be prevented by mutating the N297 residue to another residue, e.g., N297A, and/or by mutating an adjacent amino acid, e.g., 298 to thereby reduce glycosylation on N297.
- an antibody can be made that has an altered type of glycosylation, such as a hypofucosylated antibody having reduced amounts of fucosyl residues or an antibody having increased bisecting GlcNac structures. Such altered glycosylation patterns have been demonstrated to increase the ADCC ability of antibodies.
- Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, expressing the antibody in a host cell with altered glycosylation machinery.
- Cells with altered glycosylation machinery have been described in the art and can be used as host cells in which to express recombinant antibodies described herein to thereby produce an antibody with altered glycosylation.
- EP 1,176,195 by Hanai et al. describes a cell line with a functionally disrupted FUT8 gene, which encodes a fucosyltransferase, such that antibodies expressed in such a cell line exhibit hypofucosylation.
- PCT Publication WO 03/035835 by Presta describes a variant Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, Led 3 cells, with reduced ability to attach fucose to Asn(297)-linked carbohydrates, also resulting in hypofucosylation of antibodies expressed in that host cell (see also Shields, R.L.
- PCT Publication WO 99/54342 by Umana et al. describes cell lines engineered to express glycoprotein-modifying glycosyltransferases (e.g., beta(l,4)-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnTIII)) such that antibodies expressed in the engineered cell lines exhibit increased bisecting GlcNac structures which result in increased ADCC activity of the antibodies (see also Umana et al. (1999) Nat. Biotech.17: 176-180).
- glycoprotein-modifying glycosyltransferases e.g., beta(l,4)-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnTIII)
- variable regions of the antibody described herein can be linked (e.g., covalently linked or fused) to an Fc, e.g., an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 Fc, which may be of any allotype or isoallotype, e.g., for IgG1: Glm, Glml(a), Glm2(x), Glm3(f), Glml7(z); for IgG2: G2m, G2m23(n); for IgG3: G3m, G3m21(gl), G3m28(g5), G3ml l(b0), G3m5(bl), G3ml3(b3), G3ml4(b4), G3ml0(b5), G3ml5(s), G3ml6(t), G3m6(c3), G3m24(c5), G3m26(u), G3m27(
- the antibodies variable regions described herein are linked to an Fc that binds WR ⁇ RQH ⁇ RU ⁇ PRUH ⁇ DFWLYDWLQJ ⁇ )F ⁇ UHFHSWRUV ⁇ )F ⁇ , ⁇ )F ⁇ OOD ⁇ RU ⁇ )F ⁇ ,,,D ⁇ DQG ⁇ WKHUHE ⁇ VWLPXODWH ⁇ $'&& ⁇ and may cause T cell depletion.
- the antibody variable regions described herein are linked to an Fc that causes depletion.
- the antibody variable regions described herein may be linked to an Fc comprising one or more modifications, typically to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and/or antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
- an antibody described herein may be chemically modified (e.g., one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody) or be modified to alter its glycosylation, to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody.
- the numbering of residues in the Fc region is that of the EU index of Kabat.
- the Fc region encompasses domains derived from the constant region of an immunoglobulin, preferably a human immunoglobulin, including a fragment, analog, variant, mutant or derivative of the constant region.
- Suitable immunoglobulins include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and other classes such as IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM.
- the constant region of an immunoglobulin is defined as a naturally-occurring or synthetically-produced polypeptide homologous to the immunoglobulin C-terminal region and can include a CH1 domain, a hinge, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, or a CH4 domain, separately or in combination.
- the antibody can have an Fc region from that of IgG (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or other classes such as IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM.
- the constant region of an immunoglobulin is responsible for many important antibody functions, including Fc receptor (FcR) binding and complement fixation.
- FcR Fc receptor
- IgG is separated into four subclasses known as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
- Ig molecules interact with multiple classes of cellular receptors.
- the serum half-life of an antibody is influenced by the ability of that antibody to bind to an FcRn.
- the Fc region is a variant Fc region, e.g., an Fc sequence that has been modified (e.g., by amino acid substitution, deletion and/or insertion) relative to a 190913.00401 parent Fc sequence (e.g., an unmodified Fc polypeptide that is subsequently modified to generate a variant), to provide desirable structural features and/or biological activity.
- a variant Fc region e.g., an Fc sequence that has been modified (e.g., by amino acid substitution, deletion and/or insertion) relative to a 190913.00401 parent Fc sequence (e.g., an unmodified Fc polypeptide that is subsequently modified to generate a variant), to provide desirable structural features and/or biological activity.
- modifications in the Fc region in order to generate an Fc variant that (a) has increased or decreased ADCC, (b) increased or decreased CDC, (c) has increased or decreased affinity for Clq and/or (d) has increased or decreased affinity for an Fc receptor relative to the parent Fc.
- Such Fc region variants will generally comprise at least one amino acid modification in the Fc region. Combining amino acid modifications is thought to be particularly desirable.
- the variant Fc region may include two, three, four, five, etc., substitutions therein, e.g., of the specific Fc region positions identified herein.
- a variant Fc region may also comprise a sequence alteration wherein amino acids involved in disulfide bond formation are removed or replaced with other amino acids. Such removal may avoid reaction with other cysteine-containing proteins present in the host cell used to produce the antibodies described herein. Even when cysteine residues are removed, single chain Fc domains can still form a dimeric Fc domain that is held together non- covalently.
- the Fc region may be modified to make it more compatible with a selected host cell. For example, one may remove the PA sequence near the N-terminus of a typical native Fc region, which may be recognized by a digestive enzyme in E. coli, such as proline iminopeptidase.
- one or more glycosylation sites within the Fc domain may be removed. Residues that are typically glycosylated (e.g., asparagine) may confer cytolytic response. Such residues may be deleted or substituted with unglycosylated residues (e.g., alanine).
- sites involved in interaction with complement such as the Clq binding site, may be removed from the Fc region.
- sites that affect binding to Fc receptors may be removed, preferably sites other than salvage receptor binding sites.
- an Fc region may be modified to remove an ADCC site.
- ADCC sites are known in the art; see, for example, Molec. Immunol. 29 (5): 633-9 (1992) with regard to ADCC sites in IgG1. Specific examples of variant Fc domains are disclosed, for example, in WO 97/34631 and WO 96/32478.
- the hinge region of Fc is modified such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is altered, e.g., increased or decreased. This approach is described further in U.S. Patent No.
- the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of Fc is altered to, for example, facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
- 190913.00401 the Fc hinge region of an antibody is mutated to decrease the biological half-life of the antibody. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2- CH3 domain interface region of the Fc-hinge fragment such that the antibody has impaired Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding.
- SpA Staphylococcal protein A
- the Fc region is altered by replacing at least one amino acid residue with a different amino acid residue to alter the effector function(s) of the antibody.
- one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 234, 235, 236, 237, 297, 318, 320 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has an altered affinity for an effector ligand but retains the antigen-binding ability of the parent antibody.
- the effector ligand to which affinity is altered can be, for example, an Fc receptor or the CI component of complement. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos.5,624,821 and 5,648,260, both by Winter et al.
- one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 329, 331, and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has altered Clq binding and/or reduced or abolished CDC.
- This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos.6,194,551 by Idusogie et al.
- one or more amino acid residues within amino acid positions 231 and 239 are altered to thereby alter the ability of the antibody to fix complement. This approach is described further in PCT Publication WO 94/29351 by Bodmer et al.
- the Fc region may be modified to increase ADCC and/or to LQFUHDVH ⁇ WKH ⁇ DIILQLW ⁇ IRU ⁇ DQ ⁇ )F ⁇ UHFHSWRU ⁇ E ⁇ PRGLI ⁇ LQJ ⁇ RQH ⁇ RU ⁇ PRUH ⁇ DPLQR ⁇ DFLGV ⁇ DW ⁇ WKH ⁇ following positions: 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241 , 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 276, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 312, 313, 315, 320, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 3
- Exemplary substitutions include 236A, 239D, 239E, 268D, 267E, 268E, 268F, 324T, 332D, and 332E.
- Exemplary variants include 239D/332E, 236A/332E, 236A/239D/332E, 268F/324T, 267E/268F, 267E/324T, and 267E/268F7324T.
- Fc modifications that can be made to Fcs are those for reducing or ablating binding to )F ⁇ 5 ⁇ DQG ⁇ RU ⁇ FRPSOHPHQW ⁇ SUoteins, thereby reducing or ablating Fc-mediated effector functions such as ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and CDC.
- Exemplary modifications include but are not limited to substitutions, insertions, and deletions at positions 234, 235, 236, 237, 267, 269, 325, and 328, wherein numbering is according to the EU index.
- substitutions include but are not limited to 234G, 235G, 236R, 237K, 267R, 269R, 325L, and 328R, wherein numbering is according to the EU LQGH[ ⁇ $Q ⁇ )F ⁇ YDULDQW ⁇ PD ⁇ FRPSULVH ⁇ 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 2WKHU ⁇ PRGLILFDWLRQV ⁇ IRU ⁇ UHGXFLQJ ⁇ )F ⁇ 5 ⁇ DQG ⁇ complement interactions include substitutions 297A, 234A, 235A, 237A, 318A, 228P, 236E, 268Q, 309L, 330S, 331S, 220S, 226S, 229S, 238S, 233P, and 234V, as well as removal of the glycosylation at position 297 by mutational or enzymatic means or by production in organisms such as bacteria that do not glycosylate proteins.
- the Fc region may comprise a non-naturally occurring amino acid residue at additional and/or alternative positions known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
- Such variants may provide an Fc fusion protein with immune-modulatory activities related to )F ⁇ 5,,E ⁇ FHOOV ⁇ LQFOXGLQJ ⁇ IRU ⁇ H[DPSOH ⁇ % ⁇ FHOOV ⁇ DQG ⁇ PRQRF ⁇ WHV ⁇ ⁇ ,Q ⁇ RQH ⁇ HPERGLPHQW ⁇ WKH ⁇ )F ⁇ YDULDQWV ⁇ SURYLGH ⁇ VHOHFWLYHO ⁇ HQKDQFHG ⁇ DIILQLW ⁇ WR ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,,E ⁇ UHODWLYH to one or more activating UHFHSWRUV ⁇ 0RGLILFDWLRQV ⁇ IRU ⁇ DOWHULQJ ⁇ ELQGLQJ ⁇ WR ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,,E ⁇ LQFOXGH ⁇ RQH ⁇ RU ⁇ PRUH ⁇ PRGLILFDWLRQV ⁇ DW ⁇ 190913.00401 a position selected from the group consisting of 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 266, 267, 268, 325, 326, 327,
- Exemplary substitutions include 235Y, 236D, 239D, 266M, 267E, 268D, 268E, 328F, 328W, and 328Y.
- the affinities and binding properties of an Fc region for its ligand may be determined by a variety of in vitro assay methods (biochemical or immunological based assays) known in the art, including but not limited to, equilibrium methods (e.g., ELISA, or radioimmunoassay), or kinetics (e.g., BIACORE analysis), and other methods such as indirect binding assays, competitive inhibition assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), gel electrophoresis and chromatography (e.g., gel filtration).
- equilibrium methods e.g., ELISA, or radioimmunoassay
- kinetics e.g., BIACORE analysis
- indirect binding assays e.g., competitive inhibition assays, fluorescence resonance energy
- these and other methods may utilize a label on one or more of the components being examined and/or employ a variety of detection methods, including but not limited to chromogenic, fluorescent, luminescent, or isotopic labels.
- detection methods including but not limited to chromogenic, fluorescent, luminescent, or isotopic labels.
- a detailed description of binding affinities and kinetics can be found in Paul, W. E., ed., Fundamental Immunology, 4th Ed., Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia (1999), which focuses on antibody-immunogen interactions.
- the antibody is modified to increase its biological half-life.
- Various approaches are possible. For example, this may be done by increasing the binding affinity of the Fc region for FcRn.
- one or more of the following residues can be mutated: 252, 254, 256, 433, 435, 436, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,375.
- Specific exemplary substitutions include one or more of the following: T252L, T254S, and/or T256F.
- the antibody can be altered within the CH1 or CL region to contain a salvage receptor binding epitope taken from two loops of a CH2 domain of an Fc region of an IgG, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,869,046 and 6,121,022 by Presta et al.
- variants that increase binding to FcRn and/or improve pharmacokinetic properties include substitutions at positions 259, 308, 428, and 434, including for example 259I, 308F, 428L, 428M, 434S, 434H, 434F, 434Y, and 434M.
- Other variants that increase Fc binding to FcRn include: 250E, 250Q, 428L, 428F, 250Q/428L (Hinton et al friendship 2004, J. Biol. Chem. 279(8): 6213-6216, Hinton et al.
- hybrid IgG isotypes with particular biological characteristics may be used.
- an IgG1/IgG3 hybrid variant may be constructed by substituting IgG 1 positions in the CH2 and/or CH3 region with the amino acids from IgG3 at positions where the two isotypes differ.
- hybrid variant IgG antibody may be constructed that comprises one or more substitutions, e.g., 274Q, 276K, 300F, 339T, 356E, 358M, 384S, 392N, 397M, 422I, 435R, and 436F.
- an IgG1/IgG2 hybrid variant may be constructed by substituting IgG2 positions in the CH2 and/or CH3 region with amino acids from IgG1 at positions where the two isotypes differ.
- a hybrid variant IgG antibody may be constructed chat comprises one or more substitutions, e.g., one or more of the following amino acid substitutions: 233E, 234L, 235L, 236G (referring to an insertion of a glycine at position 236), and 321 H.
- substitutions e.g., one or more of the following amino acid substitutions: 233E, 234L, 235L, 236G (referring to an insertion of a glycine at position 236), and 321 H.
- the binding sites on human IgG1 IRU ⁇ )F ⁇ 5O ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,, ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,,, ⁇ DQG ⁇ )F5Q ⁇ have been mapped and variants with improved binding have been described (see Shields, R.L. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:6591-6604).
- IgG1 variants ZLWK ⁇ VWURQJO ⁇ HQKDQFHG ⁇ ELQGLQJ ⁇ WR ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,,,D ⁇ KDYH ⁇ EHHQ ⁇ LGHQWLILHG ⁇ LQFOXGLQJ ⁇ YDULDQWV ⁇ ZLWK ⁇ S239D/I332E and S239D/I332E/A330L mutations which showed the greatest increase in DIILQLW ⁇ IRU ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,,,D ⁇ D ⁇ GHFUHDVH ⁇ LQ ⁇ )F ⁇ 5,,E ⁇ ELQGLQJ ⁇ DQG ⁇ VWURQJ ⁇ F ⁇ WRWR[LF ⁇ DFWLYLW ⁇ LQ ⁇ cynomolgus monkeys (Lazar et al., 2006).
- Fc mutants that may be used include: S298A/E333A/L334A, S239D/I332E, S239D/I332E/A330L, L235V/F243L/R292P/Y300L/ P396L, and M428L/N434S.
- an Fc is chosen that haV ⁇ UHGXFHG ⁇ ELQGLQJ ⁇ WR ⁇ )F ⁇ 5V ⁇ ⁇ $Q ⁇ exemplary Fc, e.g., IgG1 )F ⁇ ZLWK ⁇ UHGXFHG ⁇ )F ⁇ 5 ⁇ ELQGLQJ ⁇ FRPSULVHV ⁇ WKH ⁇ IROORZLQJ ⁇ WKUHH ⁇ amino acid substitutions: L234A, L235E, and G237A.
- an Fc is chosen that has reduced complement fixation.
- An exemplary Fc, e.g., IgG1 Fc, with reduced complement fixation has the following two amino acid substitutions: A330S and P331S.
- an Fc is chosen that has essentially no effector function, i.e., it has reduced binding to )F ⁇ 5V ⁇ DQG ⁇ UHGXFHG ⁇ FRPSlement fixation.
- An exemplary Fc e.g., IgG1 Fc, that is effectorless, comprises the following five mutations: L234A, L235E, G237A, A330S, and P331S.
- an IgG4 constant domain it is usually preferable to include the substitution S228P, which mimics the hinge sequence in IgG1 and thereby stabilizes IgG4 molecules.
- Multivalent Antibodies In one embodiment, the antibodies of this disclosure may be monovalent or multivalent (e.g., bivalent, trivalent, etc.).
- the term “valency” refers to the number of potential target binding sites associated with an antibody. Each target binding site specifically binds one target molecule or specific position or locus on a target molecule. When an antibody is monovalent, each binding site of the molecule will specifically bind to a single antigen position or epitope. When an antibody comprises more than one target binding site (multivalent), each target binding site may specifically bind the same or different molecules (e.g., may bind to different ligands or different antigens, or different epitopes or positions on the same antigen). See, for example, U.S.P.N.2009/0129125. In one embodiment, the antibodies are bispecific antibodies in which the two chains have different specificities.
- multivalent antibodies may immunospecifically bind to different epitopes of the desired target molecule or may immunospecifically bind to more than one target molecule as well as a heterologous epitope, such as a heterologous polypeptide or solid support material.
- the multivalent antibodies may include bispecific antibodies or trispecific antibodies.
- Bispecific antibodies also include cross-linked or “heteroconjugate” antibodies.
- one of the antibodies in the heteroconjugate can be coupled to avidin, the other to biotin.
- Such antibodies have, for example, been proposed to target immune system cells to unwanted cells (U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,980), and for treatment of HIV infection (WO 91/00360, WO 92/200373, and EP 03089).
- Heteroconjugate antibodies may be made using any convenient cross-linking methods. Suitable cross-linking agents are well known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,980, along with a number of cross-linking techniques.
- antibody variable domains with the desired binding specificities are fused to immunoglobulin constant domain sequences, such as an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant domain comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2, and/or CH3 regions, using methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- immunoglobulin constant domain sequences such as an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant domain comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2, and/or CH3 regions, using methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Antibody Derivatives An antibody provided herein may be further modified to contain additional nonproteinaceous moieties that are known in the art and readily available.
- the moieties suitable for derivatization of the antibody include but are not limited to water-soluble polymers.
- Non-limiting examples of water-soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, PEG, copolymers of ethylene glycol/propylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly-1,3-dioxolane, poly-1,3,6-trioxane, ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer, polyaminoacids (either homopolymers or random copolymers), and dextran or poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone)polyethylene glycol, propropylene glycol homopolymers, polypropylene oxide/ethylene oxide co-polymers, polyoxyethylated polyols (e.g., glycerol), polyvinyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- PEG polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol
- carboxymethylcellulose dextran
- dextran polyvinyl alcohol
- polyvinyl pyrrolidone poly-1,3
- Polyethylene glycol propionaldehyde may have advantages in manufacturing due to its stability in water.
- the polymer may be of any molecular weight and may be branched or unbranched.
- the number 190913.00401 of polymers attached to the antibody may vary, and if more than one polymer is attached, they can be the same or different molecules.
- the number and/or type of polymers used for derivatization can be determined based on considerations including, but not limited to, the particular properties or functions of the antibody to be improved, whether the antibody derivative will be used in a therapy under defined conditions, etc.
- conjugates of an antibody and nonproteinaceous moiety that may be selectively heated by exposure to radiation are provided.
- the nonproteinaceous moiety is a carbon nanotube (Kam et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 11600-11605 (2005)).
- the radiation may be of any wavelength, and includes, but is not limited to, wavelengths that do not harm ordinary cells, but which heat the nonproteinaceous moiety to a temperature at which cells proximal to the antibody-nonproteinaceous moiety are killed.
- Another modification of the antibodies described herein is pegylation.
- An antibody can be pegylated to, for example, increase the biological (e.g., serum) half-life of the antibody.
- the antibody, or fragment thereof typically is reacted with PEG, such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment.
- PEG such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG
- the pegylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer).
- the term “polyethylene glycol” is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (CI -CIO) alkoxy- or aryloxy-polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide.
- the antibody to be pegylated is an aglycosylated antibody.
- Methods for pegylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies described herein. See, for example, EP 0154316 by Nishimura et al. and EP0401384 by Ishikawa et al.
- the present disclosure also encompasses a human monoclonal antibody described herein conjugated to a therapeutic agent, a polymer, a detectable label or enzyme.
- the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent.
- the polymer is PEG.
- nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids, Expression Cassettes, and Vectors
- the present disclosure provides isolated nucleic acid segments that encode the polypeptides, peptide fragments, coupled proteins, antibodies, and protein complexes of this disclosure.
- the nucleic acid segments of this disclosure also include segments that encode for 190913.00401 the same amino acids due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
- the amino acid threonine is encoded by ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG and is therefore degenerate.
- the disclosure includes all variations of the polynucleotide segments that encode for the same amino acids. Such mutations are known in the art (Watson et al., Molecular Biology of the Gene, Benjamin Cummings 1987).
- Mutations also include alteration of a nucleic acid segment to encode for conservative amino acid changes, for example, the substitution of leucine for isoleucine and so forth. Such mutations are also known in the art.
- the genes and nucleotide sequences of this disclosure include both the naturally occurring sequences as well as mutant forms.
- the nucleic acid segments of this disclosure may be contained within a vector.
- a vector may include, but is not limited to, any plasmid, phagemid, F-factor, virus, cosmid, or phage in a double- or single-stranded linear or circular form which may or may not be self transmissible or mobilizable.
- the vector can also transform a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host either by integration into the cellular genome or exist extra-chromosomally (e.g., autonomous replicating plasmid with an origin of replication).
- the nucleic acid segment in the vector is under the control of, and operably linked to, an appropriate promoter or other regulatory elements for transcription in vitro or in a host cell, such as a eukaryotic cell, or a microbe, e.g., bacteria.
- the vector may be a shuttle vector that functions in multiple hosts.
- the vector may also be a cloning vector that typically contains one or a small number of restriction endonuclease recognition sites at which foreign DNA sequences can be inserted in a determinable fashion.
- a cloning vector may also contain a marker gene that is suitable for use in the identification and selection of cells transformed with the cloning vector. Examples of marker genes are tetracycline resistance or ampicillin resistance. Many cloning vectors are commercially available (Stratagene, New England Biolabs, Clonetech). The nucleic acid segments of this disclosure may also be inserted into an expression vector.
- an expression vector contains prokaryotic DNA elements coding for a bacterial replication origin and an antibiotic resistance gene to provide for the amplification and selection of the expression vector in a bacterial host; regulatory elements that control initiation of transcription such as a promoter; and DNA elements that control the processing of transcripts such as introns, or a transcription termination/polyadenylation sequence. 190913.00401 Methods to introduce nucleic acid segment into a vector are available in the art (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001)).
- a vector into which a nucleic acid segment is to be inserted is treated with one or more restriction enzymes (restriction endonuclease) to SURGXFH ⁇ D ⁇ OLQHDUL]HG ⁇ YHFWRU ⁇ KDYLQJ ⁇ D ⁇ EOXQW ⁇ HQG ⁇ D ⁇ 3VWLFN ⁇ ⁇ HQG ⁇ ZLWK ⁇ D ⁇ RU ⁇ D ⁇ RYHUKDQJ ⁇ RU ⁇ any combination of the above.
- restriction enzymes restriction endonuclease
- the vector may also be treated with a restriction enzyme and subsequently treated with another modifying enzyme, such as a polymerase, an exonuclease, a phosphatase or a kinase, to create a linearized vector that has characteristics useful for ligation of a nucleic acid segment into the vector.
- the nucleic acid segment that is to be inserted into the vector is treated with one or more restriction enzymes to create a linearized VHJPHQW ⁇ KDYLQJ ⁇ D ⁇ EOXQW ⁇ HQG ⁇ D ⁇ 3VWLFN ⁇ ⁇ HQG ⁇ ZLWK ⁇ D ⁇ RU ⁇ D ⁇ RYHUKDQJ ⁇ RU ⁇ DQ ⁇ FRPELQDWLRQ ⁇ Rf the above.
- the nucleic acid segment may also be treated with a restriction enzyme and subsequently treated with another DNA modifying enzyme.
- DNA modifying enzymes include, but are not limited to, polymerase, exonuclease, phosphatase or a kinase, to create a nucleic acid segment that has characteristics useful for ligation of a nucleic acid segment into the vector.
- the treated vector and nucleic acid segment are then ligated together to form a construct containing a nucleic acid segment according to methods available in the art (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001)).
- the treated nucleic acid fragment, and the treated vector are combined in the presence of a suitable buffer and ligase.
- the mixture is then incubated under appropriate conditions to allow the ligase to ligate the nucleic acid fragment into the vector.
- the disclosure also provides an expression cassette which contains a nucleic acid sequence capable of directing expression of a particular nucleic acid segment of this disclosure, either in vitro or in a host cell.
- a nucleic acid segment of this disclosure may be inserted into the expression cassette such that an anti-sense message is produced.
- the expression cassette is an isolatable unit such that the expression cassette may be in linear form and functional for in vitro transcription and translation assays. The materials and procedures to conduct these assays are commercially available from Promega Corp.
- an in vitro transcript may be produced by placing a nucleic acid sequence under the control of a T7 promoter and then using T7 RNA polymerase to produce an in vitro transcript. This transcript may then be translated in vitro through use of a 190913.00401 rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
- the expression cassette can be incorporated into a vector allowing for replication and amplification of the expression cassette within a host cell or also in vitro transcription and translation of a nucleic acid segment.
- Such an expression cassette may contain one or a plurality of restriction sites allowing for placement of the nucleic acid segment under the regulation of a regulatory sequence.
- the expression cassette can also contain a termination signal operably linked to the nucleic acid segment as well as regulatory sequences required for proper translation of the nucleic acid segment.
- the expression cassette containing the nucleic acid segment may be chimeric, meaning that at least one of its components is heterologous with respect to at least one of its other components.
- the expression cassette may also be one that is naturally occurring but has been obtained in a recombinant form useful for heterologous expression. Expression of the nucleic acid segment in the expression cassette may be under the control of a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter, which initiates transcription only when the host cell is exposed to some particular external stimulus.
- the expression cassette may include in the ⁇ - ⁇ GLUHFWLRQ ⁇ RI ⁇ WUDQVFULSWLRQ ⁇ D ⁇ transcriptional and translational initiation region, a nucleic acid segment and a transcriptional and translational termination region functional in vivo and/or in vitro.
- the termination region may be native with the transcriptional initiation region, may be native with the nucleic acid segment, or may be derived from another source.
- Regulatory sequences can include, but are not limited to, enhancers, promoters, repressor binding sites, translation leader sequences, introns, and polyadenylation signal sequences. They may include natural and synthetic sequences as well as sequences, which may be a combination of synthetic and natural sequences.
- regulatory sequences are not limited to promoters, some useful regulatory sequences include constitutive promoters, inducible promoters, regulated promoters, tissue-specific promoters, viral promoters, and synthetic promoters.
- a promoter is a nucleotide sequence that controls the expression of the coding sequence by providing the recognition for RNA polymerase and other factors required for proper transcription.
- a promoter includes a minimal promoter, consisting only of all basal elements needed for transcription initiation, such as a TATA-box and/or initiator that is a 190913.00401 short DNA sequence comprised of a TATA-box and other sequences that serve to specify the site of transcription initiation, to which regulatory elements are added for control of expression.
- a promoter may be derived entirely from a native gene, or be composed of different elements derived from different promoters found in nature, or even be comprised of synthetic DNA segments.
- a promoter may contain DNA sequences that are involved in the binding of protein factors that control the effectiveness of transcription initiation in response to physiological or developmental conditions.
- the disclosure also provides a construct containing a vector and an expression cassette.
- the vector may be selected from, but not limited to, any vector previously described. Into this vector may be inserted an expression cassette through methods known in the art and previously described (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001)).
- the regulatory sequences of the expression cassette may be derived from a source other than the vector into which the expression cassette is inserted.
- a construct containing a vector and an expression cassette is formed upon insertion of a nucleic acid segment of this disclosure into a vector that itself contains regulatory sequences.
- an expression cassette is formed upon insertion of the nucleic acid segment into the vector.
- Vectors containing regulatory sequences are available commercially, and methods for their use are known in the art (Clonetech, Promega, Stratagene).
- this disclosure also provides (i) a nucleic acid molecule or molecules encoding a polypeptide chain of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or protein complex described herein; (ii) a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule or molecules as described; and (iii) a cultured host cell comprising the vector as described. Also provided is a method for producing a polypeptide, comprising: (a) obtaining the cultured host cell as described; (b) culturing the cultured host cell in a medium under conditions permitting expression of a polypeptide encoded by the vector and assembling of an antibody or fragment thereof or protein complex; and (c) purifying the antibody or fragment or protein complex from the cultured cell or the medium of the cell.
- Antibodies or antibody fragments or protein complexes may be produced using recombinant methods and compositions, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567.
- an isolated nucleic acid encoding an antibody described herein is provided. 190913.00401 Such nucleic acid may encode an amino acid sequence comprising the VL and/or an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody (e.g., the light and/or heavy chains of the antibody).
- one or more vectors e.g., expression vectors
- a host cell comprising such nucleic acid is provided.
- a host cell comprises (e.g., has been transformed with): (1) a vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an amino acid sequence comprising the VL of the antibody and an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody, or (2) a first vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an amino acid sequence comprising the VL of the antibody and a second vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody.
- the host cell is eukaryotic, e.g., a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell or lymphoid cell (e.g., Y0, NS0, Sp20 cell).
- a method of making an antibody comprises culturing a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antibody, as provided above, under conditions suitable for expression of the antibody, and optionally recovering the antibody from the host cell (or host cell culture medium).
- a nucleic acid encoding an antibody e.g., as described herein, is isolated and inserted into one or more vectors for further cloning and/or expression in a host cell.
- nucleic acid may be readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody).
- Suitable host cells for cloning or expression of antibody-encoding vectors include prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells described herein.
- antibodies may be produced in bacteria, in particular when glycosylation and Fc effector function are not needed.
- For expression of antibody fragments and polypeptides in bacteria see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,648,237, 5,789,199, and 5,840,523. (See also Charlton, Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 248 (B.K.C. Lo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, N.J., 2003), pp. 245-254, describing expression of antibody fragments in E.
- the antibody may be isolated from the bacterial cell paste in a soluble fraction and can be further purified.
- eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for antibody-encoding vectors, including fungi and yeast strains whose glycosylation pathways have been “humanized,” resulting in the production of 190913.00401 an antibody with a partially or fully human glycosylation pattern. See Gerngross, Nat. Biotech.22:1409-1414 (2004), and Li et al., Nat. Biotech.24:210-215 (2006).
- Suitable host cells for the expression of glycosylated antibody are also derived from multicellular organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates).
- invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells. Numerous baculoviral strains have been identified, which may be used in conjunction with insect cells, particularly for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Plant cell cultures can also be utilized as hosts. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,177, 6,040,498, 6,420,548, 7,125,978, and 6,417,429 (describing PLANTIBODIES technology for producing antibodies in transgenic plants). Vertebrate cells may also be used as hosts.
- mammalian cell lines that are adapted to grow in suspension may be useful.
- useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells as described, e.g., in Graham et al., J. Gen Virol. 36:59 (1977)); baby hamster kidney cells (BHK); mouse sertoli cells (TM4 cells as described, e.g., in Mather, Biol. Reprod.
- monkey kidney cells (CV1); African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76); human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA); canine kidney cells (MDCK; buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A); human lung cells (W138); human liver cells (Hep G2); mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562); TRI cells, as described, e.g., in Mather et al., Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 383:44-68 (1982); MRC 5 cells; and FS4 cells.
- Other useful mammalian host cell lines include CHO cells, including DHFR- CHO cells (Urlaub et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- compositions and Formulations The antibodies or protein complexes of this disclosure represent an excellent way for the development of therapies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of various disorders.
- the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibodies or protein complexes of the present disclosure described herein formulated together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the composition may 190913.00401 optionally contain one or more additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, such as another antibody or a therapeutic agent.
- the pharmaceutical compositions also can be administered in a combination therapy with, for example, another immune-stimulatory agent, anti-cancer agent, an antiviral agent, or a vaccine, etc.
- a composition comprises an antibody or protein complex of this disclosure at a concentration of at least 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 1-300 mg/ml, or 100-300 mg/ml.
- the second therapeutic agent comprises an anti-inflammatory drug or an antiviral compound.
- the antiviral compound comprises: a nucleoside analog, a peptoid, an oligopeptide, a polypeptide, a protease inhibitor, a 3C-like protease inhibitor, a papain-like protease inhibitor, or an inhibitor of an RNA dependent RNA polymerase.
- the antiviral compound may include: acyclovir, gancyclovir, vidarabine, foscarnet, cidofovir, amantadine, ribavirin, trifluorothymidine, zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine or an interferon.
- the interferon is an interferon- ⁇ ,an interferon- ⁇ , an interferon- ⁇ RU ⁇ DQ ⁇ LQWHUIHURQ- ⁇ .
- a disease condition such as cancer or an infection with a pathogen.
- the pharmaceutical composition can comprise any number of excipients.
- Excipients that can be used include carriers, surface-active agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, solid binders, dispersion or suspension aids, solubilizers, colorants, flavoring agents, coatings, disintegrating agents, lubricants, sweeteners, preservatives, isotonic agents, and combinations thereof.
- the selection and use of suitable excipients is taught in Gennaro, ed., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2003), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- a pharmaceutical composition is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion).
- the active compound can be coated in a material to protect it from the action of acids and other natural conditions that may inactivate it.
- parenteral administration means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, 190913.00401 subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, epidural and intrasternal injection and infusion.
- an antibody of the present disclosure described herein can be administered via a non-parenteral route, such as a topical, epidermal or mucosal route of administration, e.g., intranasally, orally, vaginally, rectally, sublingually or topically.
- a non-parenteral route such as a topical, epidermal or mucosal route of administration, e.g., intranasally, orally, vaginally, rectally, sublingually or topically.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of this disclosure may be prepared in many forms that include tablets, hard or soft gelatin capsules, aqueous solutions, suspensions, and liposomes and other slow-release formulations, such as shaped polymeric gels.
- An oral dosage form may be formulated such that the antibody is released into the intestine after passing through the stomach. Such formulations are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,434 and in the references contained therein.
- Oral liquid pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
- Such liquid pharmaceutical compositions may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), or preservatives.
- An antibody or protein complex can be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g., by injection, for example, bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dosage form in ampules, prefilled syringes, small volume infusion containers or multi- dose containers with an added preservative.
- compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
- Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for rectal administration can be prepared as unit dose suppositories. Suitable carriers include saline solution and other materials commonly used in the art.
- an antibody or protein complex can be conveniently delivered from an insufflator, nebulizer or a pressurized pack or other convenient means of delivering an aerosol spray.
- Pressurized packs may comprise a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
- a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
- the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
- an antibody or protein complex may take the form of a dry powder composition, for example, a powder mix of a modulator and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
- the powder composition may be presented in unit dosage form in, for example, capsules or cartridges or, e.g., gelatin or 190913.00401 blister packs from which the powder may be administered with the aid of an inhalator or insufflator.
- an antibody may be administered via a liquid spray, such as via a plastic bottle atomizer.
- Pharmaceutical compositions may also contain other ingredients such as flavorings, colorings, anti-microbial agents, or preservatives. It will be appreciated that the amount of an antibody required for use in treatment will vary not only with the particular carrier selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated and the age and condition of the patient. Ultimately the attendant health care provider may determine proper dosage.
- a pharmaceutical composition may be formulated as a single unit dosage form.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be in the form of sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions. It can also be formulated in a microemulsion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high drug concentration.
- An antibody or protein complex of the present disclosure described herein can be administered as a sustained release formulation, in which case less frequent administration is required. Dosage and frequency vary depending on the half-life of the antibody or protein complex in the patient. In general, human antibodies show the longest half-life, followed by humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, and nonhuman antibodies. The dosage and frequency of administration can vary depending on whether the treatment is prophylactic or therapeutic.
- a relatively low dosage is administered at relatively infrequent intervals over a long period of time. Some patients continue to receive treatment for the rest of their lives.
- a relatively high dosage at relatively short intervals is sometimes required until progression of the disease is reduced or terminated, and preferably until the patient shows partial or complete amelioration of symptoms of disease. Thereafter, the patient can be administered a prophylactic regime.
- the amount of active ingredient that can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the subject being treated and the particular mode of administration and will generally be that amount of the composition, which produces a therapeutic effect.
- this amount will range from about 0.01% to about 99% of active ingredient, preferably from about 0.1% to about 70%, most preferably from about 1% to about 30% of active ingredient in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 190913.00401 Dosage regimens can be adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic response). For example, a single bolus can be administered, several divided doses can be administered over time or the dose can be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
- Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subjects to be treated; each unit contains a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
- the antibody or protein complex can be administered as a sustained release formulation, in which case less frequent administration is required.
- the dosage ranges from about 0.0001 to 800 mg/kg, and more usually 0.01 to 5 mg/kg, of the host body weight.
- dosages can be 0.3 mg/kg body weight, 1 mg/kg body weight, 3 mg/kg body weight, 5 mg/kg body weight or 10 mg/kg body weight or within the range of 1-10 mg/kg.
- An exemplary treatment regime entails administration once per week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, once a month, once every 3 months or once every 3 to 6 months.
- Preferred dosage regimens for an antibody of this disclosure include 1 mg/kg body weight or 3 mg/kg body weight via intravenous administration, with the antibody being given using one of the following dosing schedules: (i) every four weeks for six dosages, then every three months; (ii) every three weeks; (iii) 3 mg/kg body weight once followed by 1 mg/kg body weight every three weeks.
- dosage is adjusted to achieve a plasma antibody or protein complex concentration of about 1- ⁇ J ⁇ /ml and in some methods about 25- ⁇ J ⁇ ⁇ PO ⁇ ⁇ $ ⁇ 3WKHUDpeutically effective dosage” of an antibody of this disclosure preferably results in a decrease in severity of disease symptoms, an increase in frequency and duration of disease symptom-free periods, or a prevention of impairment or disability due to the disease affliction.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems.
- Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid.
- compositions can be administered via medical devices such as (1) needleless hypodermic injection devices (e.g., US 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824; and 4,596,556); (2) micro-infusion pumps (US 4,487,603); (3) transdermal devices (US 4,486,194); (4) infusion apparati (US 4,447,233 and 4,447,224); and (5) osmotic devices (US 4,439,196 and 4,475,196); the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- needleless hypodermic injection devices e.g., US 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824; and 4,596,556
- micro-infusion pumps e.g., US 5,487,603
- transdermal devices e.g., transdermal devices (
- the antibodies or protein complexes of this disclosure described herein can be formulated to ensure proper distribution in vivo.
- the therapeutic compounds of this disclosure can be formulated in liposomes, which may additionally comprise targeting moieties to enhance selective transport to specific cells or organs. See, e.g., US 4,522,811; 5,374,548; 5,416,016; and 5,399,331; V.V. Ranade (1989) Clin. Pharmacol. 29:685; Umezawa et al., (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 153:1038; Bloeman et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 357:140; M.
- the initial dose may be followed by administration of a second or a plurality of subsequent doses of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or protein complex in an amount that can be approximately the same or less than that of the initial dose, wherein the subsequent doses are separated by at least 1 day to 3 days; at least one week, at least 2 weeks; at least 3 weeks; at least 4 weeks; at least 5 weeks; at least 6 weeks; at least 7 weeks; at least 8 weeks; at least 9 weeks; at least 10 weeks; at least 12 weeks; or at least 14 weeks.
- Various delivery systems are known and can be used to administer the pharmaceutical composition of this disclosure, e.g., encapsulation in liposomes, microparticles, microcapsules, recombinant cells capable of expressing the mutant viruses, receptor-mediated endocytosis (see, e.g., Wu et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432).
- Methods of introduction include, but are not limited to, intradermal, transdermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, epidural, and oral routes.
- the composition may be administered by any convenient route, for example, by infusion or bolus injection, by absorption through epithelial or mucocutaneous linings (e.g., oral mucosa, rectal and intestinal mucosa, etc.) and may be administered together with other biologically active 190913.00401 agents. Administration can be systemic or local.
- the pharmaceutical composition can also be delivered in a vesicle, in particular, a liposome (see, for example, Langer (1990) Science 249: 1527-1533).
- the use of nanoparticles to deliver the antibodies or protein complexes of the present disclosure is also contemplated herein. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles may be used both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
- Nanoparticles may be developed and conjugated to antibodies or protein complexes contained in pharmaceutical compositions to target cells. Nanoparticles for drug delivery have also been described in, for example, US 8257740, or US 8246995, each incorporated herein in its entirety.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be delivered in a controlled release system. In one embodiment, a pump may be used. In another embodiment, polymeric materials can be used.
- a controlled release system can be placed in proximity of the composition's target, thus requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose.
- the injectable preparations may include dosage forms for intravenous, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intracranial, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections, drip infusions, etc. These injectable preparations may be prepared by methods publicly known. For example, the injectable preparations may be prepared, e.g., by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the antibody or its salt described herein in a sterile aqueous medium or an oily medium conventionally used for injections.
- aqueous medium for injections there are, for example, physiological saline, an isotonic solution containing glucose and other auxiliary agents, etc., which may be used in combination with an appropriate solubilizing agent such as an alcohol (e.g., ethanol), a polyalcohol (e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), a nonionic surfactant [e.g., polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxyethylene (50 mol) adduct of hydrogenated castor oil)], etc.
- an alcohol e.g., ethanol
- a polyalcohol e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol
- a nonionic surfactant e.g., polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxyethylene (50 mol) adduct of hydrogenated castor oil
- a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be delivered subcutaneously or intravenously with a standard needle and syringe.
- a pen delivery device readily has applications in delivering a 190913.00401 pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
- Such a pen delivery device can be reusable or disposable.
- a reusable pen delivery device generally utilizes a replaceable cartridge that contains a pharmaceutical composition.
- the empty cartridge can readily be discarded and replaced with a new cartridge that contains the pharmaceutical composition.
- the pen delivery device can then be reused.
- a disposable pen delivery device there is no replaceable cartridge. Rather, the disposable pen delivery device comes prefilled with the pharmaceutical composition held in a reservoir within the device. Once the reservoir is emptied of the pharmaceutical composition, the entire device is discarded.
- Numerous reusable pen and autoinjector delivery devices have applications in the subcutaneous delivery of a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
- Examples include, but certainly are not limited to AUTOPENTM (Owen Mumford, Inc., Woodstock, UK), DISETRONICTM pen (Disetronic Medical Systems, Burghdorf, Switzerland), HUMALOG MIX 75/25TM pen, HUMALOGTM pen, HUMALIN 70/30TM pen (Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN), NOVOPENTM I, II and III (Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark), NOVOPEN JUNIORTM (Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark), BDTM pen (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ), OPTIPENTM, OPTIPEN PROTM, OPTIPEN STARLETTM, and OPTICLIKTM (Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany), to name only a few.
- Examples of disposable pen delivery devices having applications in subcutaneous delivery of a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure include, but certainly are not limited to the SOLOSTARTM pen (Sanofi- Aventis), the FLEXPENTM (Novo Nordisk), and the KWIKPENTM (Eli Lilly), the SURECLICKTM Autoinjector (Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA), the PENLETTM (Haselmeier, Stuttgart, Germany), the EPIPEN (Dey, L.P.) and the HUMIRATM Pen (Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL), to name only a few.
- the pharmaceutical compositions for oral or parenteral use described herein are prepared into dosage forms in a unit dose suited to fit a dose of the active ingredients.
- Such dosage forms in a unit dose include, for example, tablets, pills, capsules, injections (ampoules), suppositories, etc.
- the amount of the antibody contained is generally about 5 to about 500 mg per dosage form in a unit dose; especially in the form of injection, it is preferred that the antibody is contained in about 5 to about 300 mg and in about 10 to about 300 mg for the other dosage forms.
- Other therapeutic agents 190913.00401 Various other therapeutic agents can be included in the pharmaceutical compositions described above or co-administered with the compositions, simultaneously, before or afterwards. Such a therapeutic agent can also be conjugated to the antibody or incorporated into the protein complex as an effector agent as described herein.
- Examples of these therapeutic agents include but not limited to cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenic agents, pro- apoptotic agents, antibiotics, hormones, hormone antagonists, chemokines, drugs, prodrugs, toxins, cytokines, complement agents, checkpoint inhibitors, immune costimulatory/agonist agents, immune coinhibitory/antagonist agents, and enzymes.
- Drugs of use may possess a pharmaceutical property selected from the group consisting of antimitotic, antikinase, alkylating, antimetabolite, antibiotic, alkaloid, anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic agents and combinations thereof.
- Exemplary drugs of use may include, but are not limited to, 5-fluorouracil, afatinib, aplidin, azaribine, anastrozole, anthracyclines, axitinib, AVL-101, AVL-291, bendamustine, bleomycin, bortezomib, bosutinib, bryostatin-1, busulfan, calicheamycin, camptothecin, carboplatin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, carmustine, celebrex, chlorambucil, cisplatin (CDDP), Cox-2 inhibitors, irinotecan (CPT-11), SN-38, carboplatin, cladribine, camptothecans, crizotinib, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dasatinib, dinaciclib, docetaxel, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, dox
- Toxins of use may include ricin, abrin, alpha toxin, saporin, ribonuclease (RNase), e.g., onconase, DNase I, Staphylococcal enterotoxin-A, pokeweed antiviral protein, gelonin, diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin, and Pseudomonas endotoxin.
- RNase ribonuclease
- Chemokines of use may include RANTES, MCAF, MIP1-alpha, MIP1-Beta and IP- 10.
- anti-angiogenic agents such as angiostatin, baculostatin, canstatin, maspin, anti-VEGF antibodies, anti-PlGF peptides and antibodies, anti-vascular growth factor antibodies, anti-Flk-1 antibodies, anti-Flt-1 antibodies and peptides, anti-Kras antibodies, anti-cMET antibodies, anti-MIF (macrophage migration-inhibitory factor) antibodies, laminin peptides, fibronectin peptides, plasminogen activator inhibitors, tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors, interferons, interleukin-12, Gro- ⁇ WKURPERVSRQGLQ ⁇ ⁇ - methoxyoestradiol, proliferin-related protein, carboxiamidotriazole, CM101, Marimastat, pentosan polysulphate, angiopoietin-2, interferon-alpha, herbimycin A, PNU145156E, 16K prolactin
- Immunomodulators of use may be selected from a cytokine, a stem cell growth factor, a lymphotoxin, a hematopoietic factor, a colony stimulating factor (CSF), an interferon (IFN), erythropoietin, thrombopoietin and a combination thereof.
- cytokine a stem cell growth factor
- lymphotoxin a lymphotoxin
- hematopoietic factor hematopoietic factor
- CSF colony stimulating factor
- IFN interferon
- erythropoietin erythropoietin
- thrombopoietin thrombopoietin
- lymphotoxins such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), hematopoietic factors, such as interleukin (IL), colony stimulating factor, such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon, such as interferons- ⁇ - ⁇ , - ⁇ or - ⁇ DQG ⁇ VWHP ⁇ cell growth factor, such as that designated “S1 factor”.
- TNF tumor necrosis factor
- IL interleukin
- G-CSF granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
- GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
- interferon such as interferons- ⁇ - ⁇ , - ⁇ or - ⁇ DQG ⁇ VWHP ⁇ cell growth factor, such as that designated “S1 factor”.
- cytokines include growth hormones such as human growth hormone, N- methionyl human growth hormone, and bovine growth hormone; parathyroid hormone; thyroxine; insulin; proinsulin; relaxin; prorelaxin; glycoprotein hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH); hepatic growth factor; prostaglandin, fibroblast growth factor; prolactin; placental lactogen, OB protein; tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ DQd - ⁇ PXOOHULDQ-inhibiting substance; mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide; inhibin; activin; vascular endothelial growth factor; integrin; thrombopoietin (TPO); nerve growth factors such as NGF- ⁇ SODWHOHW-growth factor; transforming growth factors (TGFs) such as TGF- ⁇ DQG ⁇ 7*)- ⁇ LQVXOLQ-like growth factor-I and -
- Radionuclides of use include, but not limited to, 111 In, 171 Lu, 212 Bi, 213 Bi, 211 At, 62 Cu, 6 7 Cu, 90 Y, 125 I, 131 I, 32 P, 33 P, 47 Sc, 111 Ag, 67 Ga, 142 Pr, 153 Sm, 161 Tb, 166 Dy, 166 Ho, 186 Re, 188 Re, in 100-2,500 keV for a beta emitter, and 4,000-6,000 keV for an alpha emitter.
- Maximum decay energies of useful beta-particle-emitting nuclides are preferably 20-5,000 keV, more preferably 100-4,000 keV, and most preferably 500-2,500 keV.
- radionuclides that substantially decay with Auger-emitting particles.
- Auger-emitting particles For example, Co-58, Ga-67, Br-80m, Tc-99m, Rh-103m, Pt-109, In-111, Sb-119, 1-125, Ho-161, Os-189m and Ir- 192.
- Decay energies of useful beta-particle-emitting nuclides are preferably ⁇ 1,000 keV, more preferably ⁇ 100 keV, and most preferably ⁇ 70 keV.
- radionuclides that substantially decay with generation of alpha-particles.
- Such radionuclides include, but are not limited to: Dy-152, At-211, Bi-212, Ra-223, Rn-219, Po-215, Bi-211, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Th-227 and Fm-255. Decay energies of useful alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides are preferably 2,000-10,000 keV, more preferably 3,000-8,000 keV, and most preferably 4,000-7,000 keV.
- Radioisotopes of use include 11 C, 13 N, 15 O, 7 5 Br 198 Au, 224 Ac, 126 I, 133 I, 77 Br, 113m In, 95 Ru, 97 Ru, 103 Ru, 105 Ru, 107 Hg, 203 Hg, 121m Te, 122m Te, include 18 F, 52 Fe, 62 Cu, 64 Cu, 67 Cu, 67 Ga, 68 Ga, 86 Y, 89 Zr, 94 Tc, 94m Tc, 99m Tc, or 111 In.
- Therapeutic agents may include a photoactive agent or dye.
- Fluorescent compositions such as fluorochrome, and other chromogens, or dyes, such as porphyrins sensitive to visible light, have been used to detect and to treat lesions by directing the suitable light to the lesion. In therapy, this has been termed photoradiation, phototherapy, or photodynamic therapy. See Joni et al. (eds.), PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF TUMORS AND OTHER DISEASES (Libreria Progetto 1985); van den Bergh, Chem. Britain (1986), 22:430. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been coupled with photoactivated dyes for achieving phototherapy. See Mew et al., J. Immunol. (1983), 130:1473; idem., Cancer Res.
- oligonucleotides especially antisense oligonucleotides that preferably are directed against oncogenes and oncogene products, such as bcl-2 or p53.
- siRNA A preferred form of therapeutic oligonucleotide is siRNA.
- any siRNA or interference RNA species may be attached to an antibody or fragment thereof for delivery to a targeted tissue.
- Many siRNA species against a wide variety of targets are known in the art, and any such known siRNA may be utilized in the claimed methods and compositions.
- Known siRNA species of potential use include those specific for IKK-gamma (U.S. Pat. No. 7,022,828); VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR (U.S. Pat. No. 7,148,342); Bcl2 and EGFR (U.S. Pat. No. 7,541,453); CDC20 (U.S. Pat. No.
- amyloid beta precursor protein U.S. Pat. No. 7,635,771
- IGF-1R U.S. Pat. No. 7,638,621
- ICAM1 U.S. Pat. No. 7,642,349
- complement factor B U.S. Pat. No. 7,696,344
- p53 U.S. Pat. No. 7,781,575
- apolipoprotein B U.S. Pat. No. 7,795,421
- siRNA species are available from known commercial sources, such as Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Mo.), Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, Calif.), Ambion (Austin, Tex.), Dharmacon (Thermo Scientific, Lafayette, Colo.), Promega (Madison, Wis.), Mirus Bio (Madison, Wis.) and Qiagen (Valencia, Calif.), among many others.
- Other publicly available sources of siRNA species include the siRNAdb database at the Sweden Bioinformatics Centre, the MIT/ICBP siRNA Database, the RNAi Consortium shRNA Library at the Broad Institute, and the Probe database at NCBI.
- siRNA species there are 30,852 siRNA species in the NCBI Probe database.
- the skilled artisan will realize that for any gene of interest, either a siRNA species has already been designed, or one may readily be designed using publicly available software tools. Any such siRNA species may be delivered using the subject complexes described herein. METHODS AND USES 190913.00401
- the protein complexes, antibodies, and methods disclosed herein have a wide variety of utilities. As such they have a broad spectrum of applications in, e.g., research, diagnosis, and therapy.
- the protein complexes, antibodies, compositions and formulations described herein can be used to treat various diseases or conditions, including cancer (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), an immunological disease (e.g., autoimmune diseases) and an infection with a pathogen (such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or parasite).
- cancer e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
- an immunological disease e.g., autoimmune diseases
- an infection with a pathogen such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or parasite.
- pathogen such as a virus, a bacterium
- immunological diseases which may be treated with the protein complex or antibody may include, for example, autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), joint diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis; neurological disease such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis; pancreatic disease such as diabetes, especially juvenile onset diabetes; gastrointestinal tract disease such as chronic active hepatitis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, pernicious anemia; skin diseases such as psoriasis or scleroderma; allergic diseases such as asthma and in transplantation related conditions such as graft versus host disease and allograft rejection.
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- joint diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
- neurological disease such as multiple sclerosis and
- the administration of the protein complex or antibody can be supplemented by administering concurrently or sequentially a therapeutically effective amount of another antibody that binds to or is reactive with another antigen on the surface of the target cell.
- Preferred additional MAbs comprise at least one humanized, chimeric or human MAb selected from the group consisting of a MAb reactive with CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, IGF-1R, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD32b, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD40L, CD45, CD46, CD47, CD52, CD54, CD66, CD70, CD74, CD79a, CD79b, CD80, CD95, CD126, CD133, CD138, CD154, CD160, CD166, CD229, CEACAM5, CEACAM6, B7, AFP, PSMA, EGP-1, EGP-2, GPRC5, FcRH5, ROR1, BCMA, ,IGF-1
- anti-CD19, anti-CD20, and anti-CD22 antibodies are known to those of skill in the art. See, for example, Ghetie et al., Cancer Res.48:2610 (1988); Heiman et al., Cancer Immunol. Immunother.32:364 (1991); Longo, Curr. Opin. Oncol.8:353 (1996), U.S. Pat. Nos.
- CVB (1.5 g/m 2 cyclophosphamide, 200-400 mg/m 2 etoposide, and 150-200 mg/m 2 carmustine) is a regimen used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patti et al., Eur. J. Haematol.51: 18 (1993). Other suitable combination chemotherapeutic regimens are well-known to those of skill in the art. See, for example, Freedman et al., “Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas,” in CANCER MEDICINE, VOLUME 2, 3rd Edition, Holland et al. (eds.), pages 2028-2068 (Lea & Febiger 1993).
- first generation chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include C-MOPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) and CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone).
- a useful second-generation chemotherapeutic regimen is m- BACOD (methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone and leucovorin), while a suitable third generation regimen is MACOP-B (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin and leucovorin).
- Additional useful drugs include phenyl butyrate, bendamustine, and bryostatin-1.
- the subject protein complex or antibody can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmaceutically useful compositions, whereby the bsAb is combined in a mixture with a pharmaceutically suitable excipient.
- Sterile phosphate-buffered saline is one 190913.00401 example of a pharmaceutically suitable excipient.
- suitable excipients are well-known to those in the art. See, for example, Ansel et al., PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, 5th Edition (Lea & Febiger 1990), and Gennaro (ed.), REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 18th Edition (Mack Publishing Company 1990), and revised editions thereof.
- the subject protein complex or antibody can be formulated for intravenous administration via, for example, bolus injection or continuous infusion.
- the protein complex or antibody is infused over a period of less than about 4 hours, and more preferably, over a period of less than about 3 hours.
- the first bolus could be infused within 30 minutes, preferably even 15 min, and the remainder infused over the next 2-3 hrs.
- Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
- the compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
- the active ingredient can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
- a suitable vehicle e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water
- Additional pharmaceutical methods may be employed to control the duration of action of the protein complex or antibody.
- Control release preparations can be prepared through the use of polymers to complex or adsorb the protein complex or antibody.
- biocompatible polymers include matrices of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and matrices of a polyanhydride copolymer of a stearic acid dimer and sebacic acid. Sherwood et al., Bio/Technology 10: 1446 (1992).
- the rate of release from such a matrix depends upon the molecular weight of the protein complex or antibody, the amount of protein complex or antibody within the matrix, and the size of dispersed particles. Saltzman et al., Biophys. J.55: 163 (1989); Sherwood et al., supra. Other solid dosage forms are described in Ansel et al., PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, 5th Edition (Lea & Febiger 1990), and Gennaro (ed.), REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 18th Edition (Mack Publishing Company 1990), and revised editions thereof.
- the protein complex or antibody may also be administered to a mammal subcutaneously or even by other parenteral routes, such as intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally or intravascularly. Moreover, the administration may be by continuous infusion or by single or multiple boluses. Preferably, the protein complex or antibody is 190913.00401 infused over a period of less than about 4 hours, and more preferably, over a period of less than about 3 hours. More generally, the dosage of an administered protein complex or antibody for humans will vary depending upon such factors as the patient's age, weight, height, sex, general medical condition and previous medical history.
- a dosage of 1-20 mg/kg for a 70 kg patient for example, is 70-1,400 mg, or 41-824 mg/m 2 for a 1.7-m patient.
- the dosage may be repeated as needed, for example, once per week for 4-10 weeks, once per week for 8 weeks, or once per week for 4 weeks. It may also be given less frequently, such as every other week for several months, or monthly or quarterly for many months, as needed in a maintenance therapy.
- a protein complex or antibody may be administered as one dosage every 2 or 3 weeks, repeated for a total of at least 3 dosages.
- the construct may be administered twice per week for 4-6 weeks. If the dosage is lowered to approximately 200- 300 mg/m 2 (340 mg per dosage for a 1.7-m patient, or 4.9 mg/kg for a 70 kg patient), it may be administered once or even twice weekly for 4 to 10 weeks.
- the dosage schedule may be decreased, namely every 2 or 3 weeks for 2-3 months. It has been determined, however, that even higher doses, such as 20 mg/kg once weekly or once every 2- 3 weeks can be administered by slow i.v. infusion, for repeated dosing cycles.
- the dosing schedule can optionally be repeated at other intervals and dosage may be given through various parenteral routes, with appropriate adjustment of the dose and schedule.
- the protein complex or antibody may be administered as a periodic bolus injection
- the bs protein complex or antibody Abs may be administered by continuous infusion.
- a continuous infusion may be administered for example by indwelling catheter.
- indwelling catheter Such devices are known in the art, such as HICKMAN®, BROVIAC® or PORT-A-CATH® catheters (see, e.g., Skolnik et al., Ther Drug Monit 32:741-48, 2010) and any such known indwelling catheter may be used.
- the dosage range for continuous infusion may be between 0.1 and 3.0 mg/kg per 190913.00401 day.
- the protein complex or antibody can be administered by intravenous infusions over relatively short periods of 2 to 5 hours, more preferably 2-3 hours.
- the protein complex or antibody are of use for therapy of cancer.
- cancers include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma, and leukemia, myeloma, or lymphoid malignancies.
- squamous cell cancer e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer
- Ewing sarcoma e.g., Ewing sarcoma
- Wilms tumor astrocytomas
- lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, medullary thyroid cancer, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, as well as head-and-neck cancer.
- cancer includes primary malignant cells or tumors (e.g., those whose cells have not migrated to sites in the subject's body other than the site of the original malignancy or tumor) and secondary malignant cells or tumors (e.g., those arising from metastasis, the migration of malignant cells or tumor cells to secondary sites that are different from the site of the original tumor).
- primary malignant cells or tumors e.g., those whose cells have not migrated to sites in the subject's body other than the site of the original malignancy or tumor
- secondary malignant cells or tumors e.g., those arising from metastasis, the migration of malignant cells or tumor cells to secondary sites that are different from the site of the original tumor.
- Cancers conducive to treatment methods of the present invention involves cells which express, over-express, or abnormally express IGF-1R.
- cancers or malignancies include, but are not limited to: Acute Childhood Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Adult (Primary) Hepatocellular Cancer, Adult (Primary) Liver Cancer, Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Adult Lymphocytic Leukemia, Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Adult Primary Liver Cancer, Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, AIDS-Related Malignancies, Anal Cancer, Astrocytoma, Bile Duct Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Bone Cancer, Brain Stem Glioma, Brain Tumors, Breast Cancer, Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Central Nervous System (Primary) Lymphoma,
- the methods and compositions described and claimed herein may be used to treat malignant or premalignant conditions and to prevent progression to a neoplastic or malignant state, including but not limited to those disorders described above.
- Such uses are indicated in conditions known or suspected of preceding progression to neoplasia or cancer, in particular, where non-neoplastic cell growth consisting of hyperplasia, metaplasia, or most particularly, dysplasia has occurred (for review of such abnormal growth conditions, see Robbins and Angell, BASIC PATHOLOGY, 2d Ed., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp.68-79 (1976)).
- Dysplasia is frequently a forerunner of cancer, and is found mainly in the epithelia.
- Dysplasia characteristically occurs where there exists chronic irritation or inflammation.
- Dysplastic disorders which can be treated include, but are not limited to, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, anterofacial dysplasia, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, atriodigital dysplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, cleidocranial dysplasia, congenital ectodermal dysplasia, craniodiaphysial dysplasia, craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, craniometaphysial dysplasia, dentin dysplasia, diaphysial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, enamel dysplasia, encephalo-o
- Additional pre-neoplastic disorders which can be treated include, but are not limited to, benign dysproliferative disorders (e.g., benign tumors, fibrocystic conditions, tissue hypertrophy, intestinal polyps or adenomas, and esophageal dysplasia), leukoplakia, keratoses, Bowen's disease, Farmer's Skin, solar cheilitis, and solar keratosis.
- the method of the disclosure is used to inhibit growth, progression, and/or metastasis of cancers, in particular those listed above.
- Additional hyperproliferative diseases, disorders, and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, progression, and/or metastases of malignancies and related disorders such as leukemia (including acute leukemias (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (including myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic, monocytic, and erythroleukemia)) and chronic leukemias (e.g., chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia)), polycythemia vera, lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's disease), multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease, and solid tumors including, but not limited to, sarcomas and carcinomas such as fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma
- the antibodies or protein complexes described herein may be used to detect and/or measure an antigen in a sample, e.g., for diagnostic purposes. Accordingly, some 190913.00401 embodiments contemplate the use of one or more antibodies or protein complexes described herein in assays to detect the antigen and associated-disease or disorder.
- Exemplary diagnostic assays may comprise, e.g., contacting a sample, obtained from a patient, with an antibody or protein complex of this disclosure, wherein the antibody or protein complex is labeled with a detectable label or reporter molecule or used as a capture ligand to selectively isolate the antigen from a sample.
- detectable label or reporter molecule is incorporate into the protein complex as an effector agent.
- an unlabeled antibody or protein complex can be used in diagnostic applications in combination with a secondary antibody, which is itself detectably labeled.
- the detectable label or reporter molecule can be a radioisotope, such as H, C, P, S, or I; a fluorescent or chemiluminescent moiety such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, or UKRGDPLQH ⁇ RU ⁇ DQ ⁇ HQ] ⁇ PH ⁇ VXFK ⁇ DV ⁇ DONDOLQH ⁇ SKRVSKDWDVH ⁇ ⁇ -galactosidase, horseradish peroxidase, or luciferase.
- a radioisotope such as H, C, P, S, or I
- a fluorescent or chemiluminescent moiety such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, or UKRGDPLQH ⁇ RU ⁇ DQ ⁇ HQ] ⁇ PH ⁇ VXFK ⁇ DV ⁇ DONDOLQH ⁇ SKRVSKDWDVH ⁇ ⁇
- this disclosure further provides a method for detecting the presence of an antigen in a sample comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment or protein complex described herein; and (ii) determining binding of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment or protein complex to the antigen, wherein binding of the antibody to the antigens is indicative of the antigen in the sample and associated-disease or disorder.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- the antibody or antigen-binding fragment or protein complex is conjugated to a label.
- the step of detecting comprises contacting a secondary antibody with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and wherein the secondary antibody comprises a label.
- the label includes a fluorescent label, a chemiluminescent label, a radiolabel, and an enzyme.
- the step of detecting comprises detecting fluorescence or chemiluminescence.
- the step of detecting comprises a competitive binding assay or ELISA.
- the method further comprises binding the sample to a solid support.
- the solid support includes microparticles, microbeads, magnetic beads, and an affinity purification column.
- Samples that can be used in diagnostic assays according to the present disclosure include any tissue or fluid sample obtainable from a patient, which contains detectable quantities of an antigen of interest under normal or pathological conditions.
- levels of the antigen in a particular sample obtained from a healthy patient e.g., a patient not afflicted with a disease associated with the antigen
- This baseline level can then be compared against the levels measured in samples obtained from individuals suspected of having the antigen and associated condition, or symptoms associated with such condition.
- this disclosure provides a kit comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable dose unit of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of or the protein complex, or the pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
- a kit for the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring the treatment of a disorder in a subject comprising: the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of or the protein complex as described; and a least one detection reagent that binds specifically to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of or the protein complex thereof.
- the kit also includes a container that contains the composition and optionally informational material.
- the informational material can be descriptive, instructional, marketing or other material that relates to the methods described herein and/or the use of the agents for therapeutic benefit.
- the kit also includes an additional therapeutic agent, as described herein.
- the kit includes a first container that contains the composition and a second container for the additional therapeutic agent.
- the informational material of the kits is not limited in its form.
- the informational material can include information about production of the composition, concentration, date of expiration, batch or production site information, and so forth.
- the informational material relates to methods of administering the composition, e.g., in a suitable dose, dosage form, or mode of administration (e.g., a dose, dosage form, or mode of administration described herein), to treat a subject in need thereof.
- the instructions provide a dosing regimen, dosing schedule, and/or route of administration of the composition or the additional therapeutic agent.
- the information can be provided in a variety of formats, including printed text, computer-readable material, video 190913.00401 recording, or audio recording, or information that contains a link or address to substantive material.
- the kit can include one or more containers for the composition.
- the kit contains separate containers, dividers or compartments for the composition and informational material.
- the composition can be contained in a bottle or vial, and the informational material can be contained in a plastic sleeve or packet.
- the separate elements of the kit are contained within a single, undivided container.
- the composition is contained in a bottle or vial that has attached thereto the informational material in the form of a label.
- the kit includes a plurality (e.g., a pack) of individual containers, each containing one or more unit dosage forms (e.g., a dosage form described herein) of the agents.
- the kit optionally includes a device suitable for administration of the composition or other suitable delivery device.
- the device can be provided pre-loaded with one or both of the agents or can be empty, but suitable for loading.
- Such a kit may optionally contain a syringe to allow for injection of the antibody or protein complex contained within the kit into an animal, such as a human.
- a nucleic acid or polynucleotide refers to a DNA molecule (for example, but not limited to, a cDNA or genomic DNA) or an RNA molecule (for example, but not limited to, an mRNA), and includes DNA or RNA analogs.
- a DNA or RNA analog can be synthesized from nucleotide analogs.
- the DNA or RNA molecules may include portions that are not naturally occurring, such as modified bases, modified backbone, deoxyribonucleotides in an RNA, etc.
- the nucleic acid molecule can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
- polypeptide polypeptide
- peptide and “protein” are used interchangeably herein to refer to polymers of amino acids of any length.
- the polymer may be linear or branched, it may comprise modified amino acids, and it may be interrupted by non-amino acids.
- the terms also encompass an amino acid polymer that has been modified; for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, pegylation, or any other manipulation, such as conjugation with a labeling component.
- amino acid includes natural and/or unnatural or synthetic amino acids, including glycine and both the D or L optical isomers, and amino acid analogs and peptidomimetics.
- polypeptides and proteins can be produced by a naturally-occurring and non-recombinant cell; or it is produced by a genetically-engineered or recombinant cell, and comprise molecules having the amino acid sequence of the native protein, or molecules having deletions from, additions to, and/or substitutions of one or more amino acids of the native sequence.
- polypeptide and protein specifically encompass antigen binding proteins, antibodies, or sequences that have deletions from, additions to, and/or substitutions of one or more amino acids of an antigen-binding protein.
- polypeptide fragment refers to a polypeptide that has an amino-terminal deletion, a carboxyl-terminal deletion, and/or an internal deletion as compared with the full- length protein. Such fragments may also contain modified amino acids as compared with the full-length protein. In certain embodiments, fragments are about five to 500 amino acids long. For example, fragments may be at least 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 50, 70, 100, 110, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450 amino acids long.
- Useful polypeptide fragments include immunologically functional fragments of antibodies, including binding domains.
- expression refers to the process by which a polynucleotide is transcribed from a DNA template (such as into and mRNA or other RNA transcript) and/or the process by which a transcribed mRNA is subsequently translated into peptides, polypeptides, or proteins. Transcripts and encoded polypeptides may be collectively referred to as "gene product.” If the polynucleotide is derived from genomic DNA, expression may include splicing of the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell.
- vector means any molecule or entity (e.g., nucleic acid, plasmid, bacteriophage or virus) used to transfer protein coding information into a host cell.
- a "vector” refers to a delivery vehicle that (a) promotes the expression of a polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequence; (b) promotes the production of the polypeptide therefrom; (c) promotes the transfection/transformation of target cells therewith; (d) promotes the replication of the nucleic acid sequence; (e) promotes stability of the nucleic acid; (f) promotes detection of the nucleic acid and/or transformed/transfected cells; and/or (g) otherwise imparts advantageous biological and/or physiochemical function to the polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid.
- a vector can be any suitable vector, including chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic nucleic acid vectors (a nucleic acid sequence comprising a suitable set of expression control elements).
- suitable vectors include derivatives of SV40, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors 190913.00401 derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, and viral nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) vectors.
- expression vector or "expression construct” refers to a vector that is suitable for transformation of a host cell and contains nucleic acid sequences that direct and/or control (in conjunction with the host cell) expression of one or more heterologous coding regions operatively linked thereto.
- An expression construct may include, but is not limited to, sequences that affect or control transcription, translation, and, if introns are present, affect RNA splicing of a coding region operably linked thereto.
- "operably linked” means that the components to which the term is applied are in a relationship that allows them to carry out their inherent functions under suitable conditions.
- a control sequence in a vector that is "operably linked" to a protein coding sequence is ligated thereto so that expression of the protein coding sequence is achieved under conditions compatible with the transcriptional activity of the control sequences.
- host cell means a cell that has been transformed with a nucleic acid sequence and thereby expresses a gene of interest.
- Immune cells refers to cells of hematopoietic origin that are involved in the specific recognition of antigens.
- Immune cells include antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells or macrophages, B cells, T-cells, NK cells such as NK-92 cells, etc.
- APCs antigen presenting cells
- B cells such as dendritic cells or macrophages
- T-cells such as NK-92 cells, etc.
- T- cells include Teff cells and Treg cells.
- effector cell as used herein is meant a cell of the immune system that has been induced to differentiate into a form capable of mounting a specific immune response, or a cell that expresses one or more Fc receptors and mediates one or more effector functions.
- Effector cells include but are not limited to monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mast cells, platelets, T cells, B cells, large granular lymphocytes, Langerhans' FHOOV ⁇ QDWXUDO ⁇ NLOOHU ⁇ 1.
- FHOOV ⁇ DQG ⁇ 7 ⁇ FHOOV ⁇ DQG ⁇ PD ⁇ EH ⁇ IURP ⁇ DQ ⁇ RUJDQLVP ⁇ LQFOXGLQJ ⁇ EXW not limited to humans, mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys.
- effector function as used herein is meant a biochemical event that results from the interaction of an antibody Fc region ZLWK ⁇ DQ ⁇ )F ⁇ UHFHSWRU ⁇ RU ⁇ OLJDQG ⁇ (IIHFWRU ⁇ IXQFWLRQV ⁇ LQFOXGH ⁇ )F ⁇ 5-mediated effector functions such as ADCC and ADCP, and complement-mediated effector functions such as CDC. 190913.00401
- fusion polypeptide or "fusion protein” means a protein created by joining two or more polypeptide sequences together.
- the fusion polypeptides encompassed in this invention include translation products of a chimeric gene construct that joins the nucleic acid sequences encoding a first polypeptide, e.g., a targeting domain, with the nucleic acid sequence encoding a second polypeptide, e.g., an effector domain, to form a single open- reading frame.
- a "fusion polypeptide” or “fusion protein” is a recombinant protein of two or more proteins which are joined by a peptide bond or via several peptides.
- the fusion protein may also comprise a peptide linker between the two domains.
- linker refers to any means, entity or moiety used to join two or more entities.
- a linker can be a covalent linker or a non-covalent linker.
- covalent linkers include covalent bonds or a linker moiety covalently attached to one or more of the proteins or domains to be linked.
- the linker can also be a non-covalent bond, e.g., an organometallic bond through a metal center such as platinum atom.
- various functionalities can be used, such as amide groups, including carbonic acid derivatives, ethers, esters, including organic and inorganic esters, amino, urethane, urea and the like.
- the domains can be modified by oxidation, hydroxylation, substitution, reduction etc. to provide a site for coupling.
- Linker moieties include, but are not limited to, chemical linker moieties, or for example a peptide linker moiety (a linker sequence). It will be appreciated that modification which do not significantly decrease the function of the targeting domain and effector domain are preferred.
- conjugate or “conjugation” or “linked” as used herein refers to the attachment of two or more entities to form one entity.
- a conjugate encompasses both peptide-small molecule conjugates as well as peptide-protein/peptide conjugates.
- subject and “patient” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a vertebrate, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human. Mammals include, but are not limited to, murines, simians, humans, farm animals, sport animals, and pets. Tissues, cells and their progeny of a biological entity obtained in vivo or cultured in vitro are also encompassed.
- a subject may be an invertebrate animal, for example, an insect or a nematode; while in others, a subject may be a plant or a fungus.
- treatment or “treating,” or “palliating” or “ameliorating” are used interchangeably.
- compositions may be administered to a subject at risk of developing a particular disease, condition, or symptom, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though the disease, condition, or symptom may not have yet been manifested.
- variant refers to a second composition (e.g., a second molecule), that is related to a first composition (e.g., a first molecule, also termed a "parent" molecule).
- the variant molecule can be derived from, isolated from, based on or homologous to the parent molecule.
- the term variant can be used to describe either polynucleotides or polypeptides.
- polypeptide or protein such as any of the immunoglobulin chains, targeting moiety/agent, effector moiety/agent, DDD moiety, and AD moiety described herein
- a variant polypeptide can have entire amino acid sequence identity with the original parent polypeptide, or alternatively, can have less than 100% amino acid identity with the parent protein.
- a variant of an amino acid sequence can be a second amino acid sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identical in amino acid sequence compared to the original amino acid sequence.
- a functional variant or equivalent of a reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein refers to a polypeptide derivative of the reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein, e.g., a protein having one or more point mutations, insertions, deletions, truncations, a fusion protein, or a combination thereof. It retains substantially the activity to of the reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein.
- the functional equivalent is at least 50% (e.g., any number between 50% and 100%, inclusive, e.g., 60%, 70 %, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, and 99%) identical to the reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein.
- Polypeptide variants include polypeptides comprising the entire parent polypeptide, and further comprising additional fused amino acid sequences. Polypeptide variants also includes polypeptides that are portions or subsequences of the parent polypeptide, for example, unique subsequences (e.g., as determined by standard sequence comparison and alignment techniques) of the polypeptides disclosed herein are also encompassed by the disclosure.
- polypeptide variants include polypeptides that contain minor, trivial or inconsequential changes to the parent amino acid sequence.
- minor, trivial or inconsequential changes include amino acid changes (including substitutions, deletions and insertions) that have little or no impact on the biological activity of the polypeptide, and yield functionally identical polypeptides, including additions of non-functional peptide sequence.
- amino acid changes including substitutions, deletions and insertions
- polynucleotide or polypeptide variants of the disclosure can include variant molecules that alter, add or delete a small percentage of the nucleotide or amino acid positions, for example, typically less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than 4%, less than 2% or less than 1%.
- conservative substitutions in a nucleotide or amino acid sequence refers to changes in the nucleotide sequence that either (i) do not result in any corresponding change in the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the triplet codon code, or (ii) result in a substitution of the original parent amino acid with an amino acid having a chemically similar structure.
- amino acids having nonpolar and/or aliphatic side chains include: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and proline.
- Amino acids having polar, uncharged side chains include: serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, asparagine and glutamine.
- Amino acids having aromatic side chains include: phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan.
- Amino acids having positively charged side chains include: lysine, arginine and histidine.
- Amino acids having negatively charged side chains include: aspartate and glutamate.
- a variant molecule can have entire nucleotide sequence identity with the original parent molecule, or alternatively, can have less than 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the parent molecule.
- a variant of a nucleotide sequence can be a second nucleotide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 190913.00401 95%, 98%, 99% or more identical in nucleotide sequence compared to the original nucleotide sequence.
- Polynucleotide variants also include polynucleotides comprising the entire parent polynucleotide, and further comprising additional fused nucleotide sequences.
- Polynucleotide variants also includes polynucleotides that are portions or subsequences of the parent polynucleotide, for example, unique subsequences (e.g., as determined by standard sequence comparison and alignment techniques) of the polynucleotides disclosed herein are also encompassed by the disclosure.
- polynucleotide variants include nucleotide sequences that contain minor, trivial or inconsequential changes to the parent nucleotide sequence.
- nucleotide sequence that (i) do not change the amino acid sequence of the corresponding polypeptide, (ii) occur outside the protein-coding open reading frame of a polynucleotide, (iii) result in deletions or insertions that may impact the corresponding amino acid sequence, but have little or no impact on the biological activity of the polypeptide, (iv) the nucleotide changes result in the substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid.
- variants of that polynucleotide can include nucleotide changes that do not result in loss of function of the polynucleotide.
- conservative variants of the disclosed nucleotide sequences that yield functionally identical nucleotide sequences are encompassed by the disclosure.
- One of skill will appreciate that many variants of the disclosed nucleotide sequences are encompassed by the disclosure. As disclosed herein, a number of ranges of values are provided.
- antibody as referred to herein includes whole antibodies and any antigen- binding fragment or single chains thereof.
- Whole antibodies are glycoproteins comprising at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds.
- Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as V H ) and a heavy chain constant region.
- the heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains, C H 1, C H 2 and C H 3.
- Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region.
- the light chain constant region is comprised of one domain, C L .
- the V H and V L regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR).
- CDR complementarity determining regions
- FR framework regions
- Each V H and V L is composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FRl, CDRl, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4.
- the heavy chain variable region CDRs and FRs are HFRl, HCDRl, HFR2, HCDR2, HFR3, HCDR3, HFR4.
- the light chain variable region CDRs and FRs are LFRl, LCDRl, LFR2, LCDR2, LFR3, LCDR3, LFR4.
- the variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen.
- the constant regions of the antibodies can mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the first component (CIq) of the classical complement system.
- An “immunoglobulin (Ig)” is meant a protein consisting of one or more polypeptides substantially encoded by immunoglobulin genes.
- Immunoglobulins include but are not limited to antibodies. Immunoglobulins may have a number of structural forms, including but not limited to full length antibodies, antibody fragments, and individual immunoglobulin domains.
- the term "antigen-binding fragment or portion" of an antibody refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to an antigen (e.g., CD3). It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody.
- binding fragments encompassed within the term "antigen-binding fragment or portion" of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CHI domains; (ii) a F(ab')2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fab' 190913.00401 fragment, which is essentially an Fab with part of the hinge region (see, FUNDAMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (Paul ed., 3 rd ed.
- the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH are coded for by separate genes, they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain Fv or scFv); see e.g., Bird et al. (1988) Science 242:423-426; and Huston et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883).
- Such single chain antibodies are also intended to be encompassed within the term "antigen-binding fragment or portion" of an antibody.
- variable region of an antibody as defined herein is meant the region of the antibody that is encoded by one of the light or heavy chain immunoglobulin constant region genes.
- constant light chain or “light chain constant region” as used herein is meant the UHJLRQ ⁇ RI ⁇ DQ ⁇ DQWLERG ⁇ HQFRGHG ⁇ E ⁇ WKH ⁇ NDSSD ⁇ & ⁇ RU ⁇ ODPEGD ⁇ & ⁇ OLJKW ⁇ FKDins.
- the constant light chain typically comprises a single domain, and as defined herein refers to positions 108- 214 RI ⁇ & ⁇ RU ⁇ & ⁇ ZKHUHLQ ⁇ QXPEHULQJ ⁇ LV ⁇ DFFRUGLQJ ⁇ WR ⁇ WKH ⁇ (8 ⁇ LQGH[ ⁇ % ⁇ 3FRQVWDQW ⁇ KHDY ⁇ chain” or “heavy chain constant region” as used herein is meant the region of an antibody encoded by the mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon genes to define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, or IgE, respectively.
- the constant heavy chain refers to the N-terminus of the CH1 domain to the C-terminus of the CH3 domain, thus comprising positions 118-447, wherein numbering is according to the EU index.
- Fab or “Fab region” as used herein is meant the polypeptides that comprise the V H , CH1, V H , and C L immunoglobulin domains. Fab may refer to this region in isolation, or this region in the context of a full length antibody or antibody fragment.
- Fc or “Fc region” or “Fc domain”, as used herein is meant the polypeptide comprising the constant region of an antibody excluding the first constant region immunoglobulin domain.
- Fc refers to the last two constant region immunoglobulin 190913.00401 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG, and the last three constant region immunoglobulin domains of IgE and IgM, and the flexible hinge N-terminal to these domains.
- Fc may include the J chain.
- Fc comprises immunoglobulin domains Cgamma2 and &JDPPD ⁇ ⁇ & ⁇ DQG ⁇ & ⁇ DQG ⁇ WKH ⁇ KLQJH ⁇ EHWZHHQ ⁇ &JDPPD ⁇ ⁇ & ⁇ DQG ⁇ &JDPPD ⁇ ⁇ & ⁇
- the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is defined as starting at E216 to its carboxyl-terminus, wherein the numbering is according to the EU index as in Kabat.
- Fc may refer to this region in isolation, or this region in the context of an Fc polypeptide such as an antibody or immunoadhesin (e.g. an Fc fusion protein), as described below.
- Fc region generally includes the hinge region, comprising residues 216-237, unless noted otherwise.
- an “Fc variant” can include variants of the hinge region, in the SUHVHQFH ⁇ RU ⁇ DEVHQFH ⁇ RI ⁇ DGGLWLRQDO ⁇ DPLQR ⁇ DFLG ⁇ PRGLILFDWLRQV ⁇ LQ ⁇ WKH ⁇ & ⁇ DQG ⁇ & ⁇ GRPDLQV ⁇
- shinge or “hinge region” or “antibody hinge region” or “immunoglobulin hinge region” herein is meant the flexible polypeptide comprising the amino acids between the first and second constant domains of an antibody.
- the IgG CH1 domain ends at EU position 215, and the IgG CH2 domain begins at residue EU position 238.
- the antibody hinge is herein defined to include positions 216 (E216 in IgG1) to 237 (G237 in IgG1), wherein the numbering is according to the EU index as in Kabat.
- the lower hinge is included, with the “lower hinge” generally referring to positions 231 to 237.
- an “isolated antibody”, as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody that is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that specifically binds to a specific antigen, is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than the specific antigen).
- An isolated antibody can be substantially free of other cellular material and/or chemicals.
- the terms "monoclonal antibody” or “monoclonal antibody composition” as used herein refer to a preparation of antibody molecules of single molecular composition. A monoclonal antibody composition displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope.
- the term "human antibody” is intended to include antibodies having variable regions in which both the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences.
- the constant region also is derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences.
- the 190913.00401 human antibodies of the disclosure can include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo).
- the term "human antibody”, as used herein, is not intended to include antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences.
- human monoclonal antibody refers to antibodies displaying a single binding specificity, which have variable regions in which both the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences.
- the human monoclonal antibodies can be produced by a hybridoma that includes a B cell obtained from a transgenic nonhuman animal, e.g., a transgenic mouse, having a genome comprising a human heavy chain transgene and a light chain transgene fused to an immortalized cell.
- recombinant human antibody includes all human antibodies that are prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means, such as (a) antibodies isolated from an animal (e.g., a mouse) that is transgenic or transchromosomal for human immunoglobulin genes or a hybridoma prepared therefrom (described further below), (b) antibodies isolated from a host cell transformed to express the human antibody, e.g., from a transfectoma, (c) antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial human antibody library, and (d) antibodies prepared, expressed, created or isolated by any other means that involve splicing of human immunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences.
- Such recombinant human antibodies have variable regions in which the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. In certain embodiments, however, such recombinant human antibodies can be subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or, when an animal transgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis) and thus the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline V H and V L sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.
- the term "isotype" refers to the antibody class (e.g., IgM or IgG1) that is encoded by the heavy chain constant region genes.
- human antibody derivatives refers to any modified form of the human antibody, e.g., a conjugate of the antibody and another agent or antibody.
- humanized antibody is intended to refer to antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences. Additional framework region modifications can be made within the human framework sequences.
- chimeric antibody is intended to refer to antibodies in which the variable region sequences are derived from one species and the constant region sequences are derived from another species, such as an antibody in which the variable region sequences are derived from a mouse antibody and the constant region sequences are derived from a human antibody.
- the term can also refer to an antibody in which its variable region sequence or CDR(s) is derived from one source (e.g., an IgA1 antibody) and the constant region sequence or Fc is derived from a different source (e.g., a different antibody, such as an IgG, IgA2, IgD, IgE or IgM antibody).
- Single chain antibodies or “scFvs” are Fv molecules in which the heavy and light chain variable regions have been connected by a flexible linker to form a single polypeptide chain, which forms an antigen-binding region. scFvs are discussed in detail in WO 88/01649 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778 and No. 5,260,203, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
- a “domain antibody” or “single chain immunoglobulin” is an immunologically functional immunoglobulin fragment containing only the variable region of a heavy chain or the variable region of a light chain. Examples of domain antibodies include Nanobodies TM .
- two or more VH regions are covalently joined with a peptide linker to create a bivalent domain antibody.
- the two VH regions of a bivalent domain antibody may target the same or different antigens.
- the term "antibody fusion protein” is a recombinantly produced antigen-binding molecule in which an antibody or antibody fragment is linked to another protein or peptide, such as the same or different antibody or antibody fragment or a DDD or AD peptide.
- the fusion protein may comprise a single antibody component, a multivalent or multispecific combination of different antibody components or multiple copies of the same antibody component.
- the fusion protein may additionally comprise an antibody or an antibody fragment and a therapeutic agent.
- therapeutic agents suitable for such fusion proteins include immunomodulators and toxins.
- One preferred toxin comprises a 190913.00401 ribonuclease (RNase), preferably a recombinant RNase.
- RNase ribonuclease
- a preferred immunomodulator might be an interferon, such as interferon-alpha., interferon-beta, or interferon-lamda.
- a “molecular complex” is a group of two or more associated moieties or molecules, linked by either covalent or non-covalent interactions. Examples of such a molecular complex include an antibody and an antigen-binding portion thereof.
- a “multispecific” complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody that can bind simultaneously to at least two targets that are of different structure, e.g., two different antigens, two different epitopes on the same antigen, or a hapten and/or an antigen or epitope.
- a “multivalent " complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody that can bind simultaneously to at least two targets that are of the same or different structure. Valency indicates how many binding arms or sites the complex, protein, or antibody has to a single antigen or epitope; i.e., monovalent, bivalent, trivalent or multivalent.
- the multivalency of the complex, protein, or antibody means that it can take advantage of multiple interactions in binding to an antigen, thus increasing the avidity of binding to the antigen.
- Specificity indicates how many antigens or epitopes a complex, protein, or antibody is able to bind; i.e., monospecific, bispecific, trispecific, multispecific.
- a natural antibody e.g., an IgG
- Multispecific, multivalent antibodies are constructs that have more than one binding site of different specificity.
- a “multispecific” complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody can bind simultaneously to more than one target or epitope which are of different structure, including but not limited to a "bispecific” complex, protein, or antibody.
- a complex, protein, or antibody includes two or more binding moieties with different specificities.
- a "bispecific” complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody that can bind simultaneously to two targets or epitopes which are of different structure.
- T cell- redirecting bispecific antibodies and bispecific antibody fragments (bsFab or others) may have at least one arm that specifically binds to, for example, a T cell, and at least one other arm that specifically binds to an antigen produced by or associated with a diseased cell, tissue, organ or pathogen, for example a tumor-associated antigen.
- bsAb bispecific antibody fragments
- bsFab bispecific antibody fragments
- a variety of bispecific antibodies can be produced using molecular engineering.
- affinity refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody) and 190913.00401 its binding partner (e.g., an antigen).
- binding affinity refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1:1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen).
- the affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (KD). Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein.
- a protein that "specifically binds to” an antigen refers to a protein that ELQGV ⁇ WR ⁇ WKH ⁇ DQWLJHQ ⁇ ZKHQ ⁇ WKH ⁇ GLVVRFLDWLRQ ⁇ FRQVWDQW ⁇ ⁇ .' ⁇ LV ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -6 M as measured via a surface plasma resonance technique (e.g., BIACore, GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden) or Kinetic Exclusion Assay (KinExA, Sapidyne, Boise, Id.).
- a surface plasma resonance technique e.g., BIACore, GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden
- Kinetic Exclusion Assay Kinetic Exclusion Assay
- the protein binds to the antigen with "high affinity", namely with a KD of 1 X l0 -7 M or less, more preferably 5 x 10 -8 M or less, more preferably 3 x 10 -8 M or less, more preferably 1 x 10 -8 M or less, more preferably 5 x 10 -9 M or less or even more preferably 1 x 10 -9 M or less.
- does not substantially bind to a protein or cells, as used herein, means does not bind or does not bind with a high affinity to the protein or cells, i.e., binds to the protein or cells with a KD of 1 x 10 -6 M or more, more preferably 1 x 10 -5 M or more, more preferably 1 x 10 -4 M or more, more preferably 1 x 10 -3 M or more, even more preferably 1 x 10 -2 M or more.
- Kassoc or "Ka”, as used herein, is intended to refer to the association rate of a particular antibody-antigen interaction
- Kdis or “Kd,” as used herein, is intended to refer to the dissociation rate of a particular antibody-antigen interaction
- KD is intended to refer to the dissociation constant, which is obtained from the ratio of Kd to Ka (i.e., Kd/Ka) and is expressed as a molar concentration (M).
- KD values for antibodies can be determined using methods well established in the art. A preferred method for determining the KD of an antibody is by using surface plasmon resonance, preferably using a biosensor system such as a Biacore® system.
- epitope refers to an antigenic determinant that interacts with a specific antigen-binding site in the variable region of an antibody molecule known as a paratope.
- a single antigen may have more than one epitope. Thus, different antibodies may bind to different areas on an antigen and may have different biological effects.
- epitope also refers to a site on an antigen to which B and/or T cells respond. It also refers to a region of an antigen that is bound by an antibody.
- Epitopes may be defined as structural or functional. Functional epitopes are generally a subset of the structural epitopes and have those residues that directly contribute to the affinity of the interaction.
- Epitopes may also be 190913.00401 conformational, that is, composed of non-linear amino acids.
- epitopes may include determinants that are chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids, sugar side chains, phosphoryl groups, or sulfonyl groups, and, in certain embodiments, may have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics, and/or specific charge characteristics.
- An epitope typically includes at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 amino acids in a unique spatial conformation.
- epitope mapping Methods for determining what epitopes are bound by a given antibody (i.e., epitope mapping) are well known in the art and include, for example, immunoblotting and immune-precipitation assays, wherein overlapping or contiguous peptides from an antigen protein are tested for reactivity with a given antibody.
- Methods of determining spatial conformation of epitopes include techniques in the art and those described herein, for example, x-ray crystallography and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (see, e.g. , Epitope Mapping Protocols in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol.66, G. E. Morris, Ed. (1996)).
- binding pair refers to a first molecule and a second molecule that specifically bind to each other.
- Exemplary binding pairs include any haptenic or antigenic compound in combination with a corresponding antibody or binding portion or fragment thereof (e.g., digoxigenin and anti-digoxigenin) and nonimmunological binding pairs (e.g., biotin-avidin, biotin-streptavidin, biotin-neutravidin, hormone (e.g., thyroxine and cortisol- hormone binding protein), receptor-receptor agonist, receptor-receptor antagonist (e.g., acetylcholine receptor-acetylcholine or an analog thereof), IgG-protein A, IgG-protein G, IgG-synthesized protein AG, lectin-carbohydrate, enzyme-enzyme cofactor, enzyme-enzyme inhibitor, and complementary oligonucleotide pairs capable of forming nucleic acid duplexes), and the like.
- biotin-avidin e.g., digoxigenin and anti-digoxigenin
- the binding pair can also include a first molecule which is negatively charged and a second molecule which is positively charged.
- immune response refers to a biological response within a vertebrate against foreign agents, cancerous or other abnormal cells, which response protects the organism against these agents and diseases caused by them.
- An immune response is mediated by the action of a cell of the immune system (for example, a T lymphocyte, B 190913.00401 lymphocyte, natural killer (NK) cell, macrophage, eosinophil, mast cell, dendritic cell or neutrophil) and soluble macromolecules produced by any of these cells or the liver (including antibodies, cytokines, and complement) that results in selective targeting, binding to, damage to, destruction of, and/or elimination from the vertebrate's body of invading pathogens, cells or tissues infected with pathogens, cancerous or other abnormal cells, or, in cases of autoimmunity or pathological inflammation, normal human cells or tissues.
- a cell of the immune system for example, a T lymphocyte, B 190913.00401 lymphocyte, natural killer (NK) cell, macrophage, eosinophil, mast cell, dendritic cell or neutrophil
- soluble macromolecules produced by any of these cells or the liver (including antibodies, cytokines, and complement) that results
- An immune reaction includes, e.g., activation or inhibition of a T cell, e.g., an effector T cell or a Th cell, such as a CD4+ or CD8+ T cell, or the inhibition of a Treg cell.
- An "effective amount" is generally an amount sufficient to reduce the severity and/or frequency of symptoms, eliminate the symptoms and/or underlying cause, prevent the occurrence of symptoms and/or their underlying cause, and/or improve or remediate the damage that results from or is associated with the disease state.
- the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount. When applied to an individual active ingredient, administered alone, the term refers to that ingredient alone.
- a “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount sufficient to remedy a disease state or symptoms, particularly a state or symptoms associated with the disease state, or otherwise prevent, hinder, retard or reverse the progression of the disease state or any other undesirable symptom associated with the disease in any way whatsoever.
- a “prophylactically effective amount” is an amount of a pharmaceutical composition that, when administered to a subject, will have the intended prophylactic effect, e.g., preventing or delaying the onset (or reoccurrence) of the disease state, or reducing the likelihood of the onset (or reoccurrence) of the disease state or associated symptoms.
- a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient refers to a carrier medium or an excipient which does not interfere with the effectiveness of the biological activity of the active ingredient(s) of the composition and which is not excessively toxic to the host at the concentrations at which it is administered.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is preferably suitable for 190913.00401 topical formulation.
- the term includes, but is not limited to, a solvent, a stabilizer, a solubilizer, a tonicity enhancing agent, a structure-forming agent, a suspending agent, a dispersing agent, a chelating agent, an emulsifying agent, an anti-foaming agent, an ointment base, an emollient, a skin protecting agent, a gel-forming agent, a thickening agent, a pH adjusting agent, a preservative, a penetration enhancer, a complexing agent, a lubricant, a demulcent, a viscosity enhancer, a bioadhesive polymer, or a combination thereof.
- agent denotes a chemical compound, a mixture of chemical compounds, a biological macromolecule (such as a nucleic acid, an antibody, a protein or portion thereof, e.g., a peptide), or an extract made from biological materials such as bacteria, plants, fungi, or animal (particularly mammalian) cells or tissues.
- a biological macromolecule such as a nucleic acid, an antibody, a protein or portion thereof, e.g., a peptide
- extract made from biological materials such as bacteria, plants, fungi, or animal (particularly mammalian) cells or tissues.
- therapeutic agent which is a biologically, physiologically, or pharmacologically active substance (or substances) that acts locally or systemically in a subject.
- therapeutic agent a therapeutic agent
- therapeutic capable agent or “treatment agent” are used interchangeably and refer to a molecule or compound that confers some beneficial effect upon administration to a subject.
- the beneficial effect includes enablement of diagnostic determinations; amelioration of a disease, symptom, disorder, or pathological condition; reducing or preventing the onset of a disease, symptom, disorder, or condition; and generally counteracting a disease, symptom, disorder or pathological condition.
- the following examples illustrate the disclosure. These examples should not be construed as to limit the scope of this invention.
- CDRs complementary-determining regions
- hu ⁇ 3 (anti-CD3) 9/ ⁇ KX ⁇ LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.15) LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.16) LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.17) GFTFNTYAMN RIRSKYNNYATYYADSVKD HGNFGNSYVSWFAY Module 1 ⁇ KX ⁇ Vc-AD2
- This module was designed from humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with addition of an anchor domain (plus CG and GC at the N- and C-termini, respectively, designated as AD2) of AKAP proteins and assembled in the format of V k -L1-V H -L2-AD2-GS-6H, where the V domains of humanized SP34 mAb were fused via a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD2 and a 6-His tag.
- leader peptide SEQ ID NO 28
- MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS VK sequence of anti-&' ⁇ VLQJOH ⁇ FKDLQ ⁇ KX ⁇ VF ⁇ 6(4 ⁇ ,' ⁇ 12 ⁇ QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVL L1 linker SEQ ID NO 27
- GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS VH sequence of anti-&' ⁇ VLQJOH ⁇ FKDLQ ⁇ KX ⁇ Vc SEQ ID NO 5
- GCCGCCACC A Kozak sequence of “GCCGCCACC” (SEQ ID NO:39) was added adjacent to the ATG start codon to produce the final expression vector.
- the expression vector was transfected into CHO or Sp2/0 cells using the Neon Electroporation Transfection System. Clones were selected in media containing 0.25 mg/ml G418 and screened for protein expression by dot blot. The supernatants were captured on nitrocellulose membranes and detected with an HRP-labeled anti-His mAb. The clone with the highest protein expression was further cultured and screened until a stable subclone was established as a master cell line.
- the AD2-linked anti-CD3 single chain module was designated as KX ⁇ VF-AD2 (SEQ ID NO 8).
- the master cell line was designated as KX ⁇ VF-AD2-SC34.
- Vk-L1-VH-L2-AD2-GS-6-+LV ⁇ RI ⁇ KX ⁇ VF-AD2 (SEQ ID NO 8)
- QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVLGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS SGGGSGGGSGGGSCGQIVYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGCGSHHHHHH Module 2 ⁇ KX ⁇ VF-AD7
- This module was designed from humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with addition of
- leader peptide SEQ ID NO 28
- GCCGCCACC A Kozak sequence of “GCCGCCACC” (SEQ ID NO:39) was added adjacent to the ATG start codon to produce the final expression vector.
- the expression vector was transfected into CHO or Sp2/0 cells using the Neon Electroporation Transfection System. &ORQHV ⁇ ZHUH ⁇ VHOHFWHG ⁇ LQ ⁇ PHGLD ⁇ FRQWDLQLQJ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ J ⁇ PO ⁇ Puromycin and screened for protein expression by dot blot. The supernatants were captured on nitrocellulose membranes and detected with an HRP-labeled anti-His mAb. The clone with the highest protein expression was further cultured and screened until a stable subclone was established as a master cell line.
- the AD7-linked anti-CD3 single chain module was designated as KX ⁇ VF-AD7 (SEQ ID NO 9).
- the master cell line was designated as KX ⁇ VF-AD7-SC7.
- Vk-L1-VH-L2-AD7-GS-6-+LV ⁇ RI ⁇ KX ⁇ VF-AD7 SEQ ID NO 9
- QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVLGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS SGGGSGGGSCGPEDAELVRLSKRLVENAVLKAVQQYGC
- leader peptide SEQ ID NO 28
- V H sequence of anti-CD3 scFv SEQ ID NO 29
- GCCGCCACC A Kozak sequence of “GCCGCCACC” (SEQ ID NO:39) was added adjacent to the ATG start codon to produce the final expression vector.
- the expression vector was transfected into CHO or Sp2/0 cells using the Neon Electroporation Transfection System. Clones were selected in media containing 0.25 mg/ml G418 and screened for protein expression by dot blot. The supernatants were captured on nitrocellulose membranes and detected with an HRP-labeled anti-His mAb. The clone with the highest protein expression was further cultured and screened until a stable subclone was established as a master cell line.
- the AD2-linked anti- CD3 single chain module was designated as 3scFv (SEQ ID NO 32).
- the master cell line was designated as 3scFv-C21.
- V H -L1a-V K -L2-AD2-GS-6H of 3scFv (SEQ ID NO 32) DIKLQQSGAELARPGASVKMSCKTSGYTFTRYTMHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGYINPSRGYTNYNQ KFKDKATLTTDKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARYYDDHYSLDYWGQGTTLTVSS- VEGGSGGSGGSGGSGGVD- DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVSYMNWYQQKSGTSPKRWIYDTSKVASGVPYRFS GSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAATYYCQQWSSNPLTFGAGTKLELK-GGGSGGGSGGGS- CGQIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC-GS-HHHHHH Example 2-Generation of Cell Line Expressing Anti-CD3 Fab-AD 190913.00401 To make T-
- Module 1 hu ⁇ 3cm-Fab-AD2 (Ck) This module was designed from a Fab of humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with a crossover between V K and V H domains, and the C K domain was fused with a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD2 and a 6-His tag. Two chains with domain crossover were assembled in the formats of Vk-SS-CH1 and VH-Ck-L2-AD2, respectively. The sequences of the leader peptide, anti-CD3 variable and constant domains, linkers, and AD2 were shown below.
- MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS Vk (SEQ ID NO 4) QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVL SS-CH1 (SEQ ID NO 33) SS- KX ⁇ FP ⁇ 9+-&N-L2-AD2 Leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS VH (SEQ ID NO 5) EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS S Ck (SEQ ID NO 34) ASVA
- DHFR MTX resistance gene
- Ck hu ⁇ 3cm-Fab-AD2
- SEQ ID NOs 35 and 36 The AD2- linked anti-CD3 Fab module was designated as hu ⁇ 3cm-Fab-AD2 (Ck) (SEQ ID NOs 35 and 36).
- the AD2-linked anti-CD3 Fab module was designated as hu ⁇ 3cm-Fab-AD2 (CH1) (SEQ ID NOs 37 and 38).
- human Trop2 protein amino acid residues 1-275
- the clone L0125 was selected for subcloning and cDNA sequencing to produce recombinant and humanized IgG.
- the CDRs of L0125 are delineated in Table 2.
- chimeric and humanized anti- Trop2 antibodies (cL0125 and hL0125) were generated.
- the humanization is based on sequence alignment using IGBLAST-A tool for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) V domain sequences and BLAST query for human protein database as well as the Therapeutic Antibody Database.
- the amino acid sequence of humanized V L -variant are in SEQ ID NO.
- CDRs The complementary-determining regions (CDRs) of hL0125-Cm (anti-Trop2) V L /L0125 LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.40) LCDR2 (SEQ ID NO.41) LCDR3 (SEQ ID NO.42) RA YLH T LA Y PLT 190913.00401 VL of hL0125 (SEQ ID NO.47) DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGERVTMTCRASSSVSSSYLHWYQQRSGQSPKLLIYSTSNLASGVPAR FSGSGSGTDYSLTISSLEAEDAATYYCQQYSGSPLTFGSGTKLEIKR VH of hL0125 (SEQ ID NO.48) QVQLQESGGGLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQTPDKRLEWVAEISSDGFYTYYPD TVTGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMSSLRSEDTAMYYCARDGNYVDYAMDYWGQGTSVTV
- scFv ⁇ IgG bispecific complexes were generated, and among them the format of scFv ⁇ IgG-C, such as 3scFv ⁇ hL0125-Cm, were well produced with the best quality and fit for T cell redirection. As such, the format of scFv ⁇ IgG-C was chosen for further study.
- hL0125-Cm a dimerization/docking domain (DDD2) from 5,, ⁇ UHJXODWRU ⁇ subunit of protein kinase A was inserted into the hinge region of hL0125 IgG heavy chain (HC) via two GS peptide linkers.
- DDD2 dimerization/docking domain
- HC hL0125 IgG heavy chain
- the hL0125 IgG with VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3 was designated as hL0125-C.
- hL0125-Cm The construction format of hL0125-Cm was extended to other IgG moieties targeting various disease-associated antigens to produce the IgG-DDD2 module, generally abbreviated 190913.00401 as IgG-Cm.
- the VH and VL of hL0125-Cm were substituted to VH and VL of Trastuzumab, a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody with CDRs (SEQ ID NOs 21-26) in Table 3, to produce the module of T-Cm.
- the cDNA sequence encoding V H of hL0125-Cm was substituted to the cDNA sequence encoding VH of Trastuzumab
- the cDNA sequence encoding VL of hL0125- Cm was substituted to the cDNA sequence encoding V L of Trastuzumab, resulting in the IgG vector of IgG V-T-Cm, which expressed the heavy and light chains of T-Cm (SEQ ID NOs 13-14).
- T-Cm anti-HER2
- VL/T-Cm LCDR1 SEQ ID NO.21
- LCDR2(SEQ ID NO.22) LCDR3 SEQ ID NO.23
- anti-HER2 RASQDVNTAVA SASFLYS QQHYTTPPT
- the expression vector of IgG V-hL0125-Cm was transfected into two master cell 190913.00401 lines KX ⁇ VF-AD2-SC34 and KX ⁇ VF-AD7-SC7 to produce two bispecific antibodies KX ⁇ VF- AD2 ⁇ hL0125-Cm and KX ⁇ VF-AD7 ⁇ hL0125-Cm, respectively.
- the expression vector of IgG V-T-Cm was transfected into the master cell lines KX ⁇ VF-AD2-SC34 to produce the bispecific antibody KX ⁇ VF-AD2 ⁇ T-Cm.
- the anti-CD3 single chain AD2 or AD7 module was intracellularly grafted to the IgG-Cm module to form a trivalent (1+2) bispecific antibody.
- the anti-CD3 single chain AD2 or AD7 module was intracellularly grafted to the IgG-Cm module to form a trivalent (1+2) bispecific antibody.
- three clones with highest yields were selected and scaled up to 100 ml culture in T175 fask, and bispecific antibodies were purified from the supernatants by affinity chromatography using MabSelect TM resin. Based on the yield, purity, and cell health, some clones were further scaled up to 500 ml culture, and bispecific antibodies were purified by MabSelect TM , followed by HisPur Ni-NTA Resin, and analyzed by HPLC and SDS-PAGE.
- Jurkat cells were dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2 ⁇ 10 5 /well, and incubated with 3- fold serially diluted bispecific antibodies or their relevant monospecific mAbs at 4°C for 45 min. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with a AF488 labeled goat anti-mouse or goat anti-human IgG Fc secondary antibody at 4°C for another 45 min. After two wash steps, the cells were resuspended in PBS and analyzed using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer.
- MDA-MB-468, HCC 1806, or BT-474 cells were dissociated from culture, dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2 ⁇ 10 5 /well, and incubated with 3-fold serially diluted bispecific antibodies (AD2 ⁇ hL0125-Cm, AD7 ⁇ hL0125-Cm, or hua3sc-AD2 ⁇ T-Cm) or their relevant relevant mAbs (hL0125 or Trastuzumab) at 4°C for 45 min. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with a AF488 labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc secondary antibody 190913.00401 at 4°C for another 45 min.
- Example 7-In vitro cytotoxicity Cancer cells were combined with human PBMCs and dispensed into 96-well plates at 200 ⁇ O ⁇ ZHOO ⁇ WR ⁇ SURYLGH ⁇ .1 ⁇ 10 4 tumor cells and 8.8 ⁇ 10 4 PBMC cells (PBMC-to-target ratio of 8:1) in each well.
- Bispecific antibodies or their relevant monospecific mAbs starting at 20 nmol/L, were 4-fold serially diluted to treat the mixed cells. After 60h incubation, media were removed and replaced with fresh media to flush PBMC cells and dead cancer cells twice. Cell viabilities were measured with MTS reagent.
- the assays were performed in triplicates with bispecific antibodies hu ⁇ 3sc- AD2 ⁇ hL0125-Cm, hu ⁇ 3sc-AD7 ⁇ hL0125-Cm, hua3sc-AD2 ⁇ T-Cm, and 3schFv ⁇ hL0125-Cm (FIGs. 9A and 9B).
- HCT-116 cells the assay was performed in triplicates with bispecific antibodies hu ⁇ 3sc-AD2 ⁇ hL0125-Cm and hua3sc-AD2 ⁇ T-Cm and two relevant monospecific mAbs SP34 (anti-CD3) and hL0125 (anti-Trop2) (FIG.
- the IC 50 of hu ⁇ 3sc-AD7 ⁇ hL0125-Cm was about 0.33 pM for MDA-MB-468, 4.79 pM for HCC1806, 2.28 pM for HCT-116, and 5.99 pM for BT-474 (Table 6).
- the hu ⁇ 3sc-AD2 ⁇ hL0125-Cm exhibits potencies similar to hu ⁇ 3sc-AD7 ⁇ hL0125- Cm in tested MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 cell lines.
- the antibody 3scFv ⁇ hL0125-Cm is relatively less potent with IC 50 of 2.45 pM for MDA-MB-468 and 18.3 pM for HCC1806, respectively, indicating SP34 may work better than Okt3 when grafted as a scFv to the targeting IgG to activate T cells and mediate dose-dependent killing of tumor cells (FIGs. 9A-9B and Table 6).
- the antibody hua3sc-AD2 ⁇ T-Cm shows potent toxicity in two HER2-positive cell lines with IC50 of 3.3 pM for HCT-116 (HER2 low) and 1.92 pM for 190913.00401 BT-474 cells (HER2 high), respectively, and relatively low toxicity in MDA-MB-468 (35.76 pM) and HCC1806 (19.71 pM). All three relevant monospecific mAbs, including SP34, hL0125, and Trastuzumab, shows minimal or undetectable toxicity in tested cell lines (FIGs. 9C-9D and Table 6). Table 6.
Abstract
The present invention relates to multispecific molecule complexes. Particularly, this disclosure relates to multispecific protein complexes, such as molecularly grafted immunoglobulin, platform for making such immunoglobulin-based multispecific complexes, and related uses.
Description
190913.00401 Molecularly Grafted Immunoglobulin with Multiple Functions or Binding Specificities CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/376,836, filed September 23, 2022. The foregoing application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING The contents of the electronic sequence listing (SeqList_190913-00401.xml; Size: 104,229 bytes; and Date of Creation: September 18, 2023) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION This disclosure relates to multifunctional molecule complexes. Particularly, this disclosure relates to multifunctional or multispecific protein complexes, such as multispecific immunoglobulins, and platforms for making different formats of such complexes. BACKGROUND Multi-specific protein complexes, in which two or more target-specific moieties are engineered into a single molecule or complex, have expanded rapidly in recent years and offer an attractive solution for broad range of clinical and diagnostic applications. For example, bispecific antibodies and fusion proteins have been developed for binding to more than one antigen or to more than one epitope on the same antigen. Due to their versatile, more precise targeting abilities and higher potency as compared with conventional antibodies, multispecific antibodies have shown potential in treating various disorders, for example, as mediators to retarget effector mechanisms to disease-associated sites and become attractive for next generation antibody therapeutics. One of the major obstacles in the development of multispecific antibodies has been the difficulty of producing the materials in sufficient quality and quantity by traditional technologies, such as the hybrid hybridoma and chemical conjugation methods. Although alternative bispecific antibody platforms such as Knob-in- Hole become available, they also face challenges ranging from decreased antibody activity to poor stability and difficulties in purification or removal of impurities. The intrinsic complexity of multispecific recombinant protein molecules and antibodies can create process development and manufacturing challenges from both cost-efficiency and quality control standpoints.
190913.00401 Among various FDA approved agents, the Bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) Blinatumomab represents a unique therapeutic perspective due to its engineered structure and the clinical efficacy for relapsed or refractory B lineage leukemia or lymphoma. However, BiTE bispecific antibodies as represented by Blinatumomab have a short half-life in the body and require continuous administration for a long time, which brings great inconvenience to treatment. Such antibodies can also cause cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a collection of symptoms that can develop as a side effect of certain types of immunotherapies (Klinger M, Blood 2012;119: 6226–33.), but not all bispecific formats necessarily have the same risk. A trivalent bispecific format, (X)-3s, has been generated where an anti-CD3 scFv covalently linked to a stabilized dimer of a cancer–targeting Fab using the Dock-and-Lock method. In comparison with BiTE, the (X)-3s format is a considerably less potent inducer of cytokine release, and even the addition of interferon-Į to a therapeutic regimen is not likely to increase this risk (Rossi EA, Mol Cancer Ther. 2014 Oct;13(10):2341-51.). However, like BiTE, the (X)-3s can be of short-life in circulation due to the lack of Fc domain, a region binding to the neonatal Fc receptor and mediating antibody recycling to the plasma membrane and subsequent release back into the serum. The half-life of IgG molecules is significantly extended by this mechanism. Thus, there is a need for methods and compositions to generate novel immunoglobulin-based formats of multispecific complexes and related platforms. SUMMARY This disclosure addresses the need mentioned above in a number of aspects. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a protein complex comprising (a) a first moiety comprising two immunoglobulin light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein either the two light chains or the two heavy chains are linked to two dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moieties respectively, and (b) a second moiety comprising (i) an anchoring domain (AD) moiety comprising a sequence that is at least 70% (e.g., any number between 70% and 100%, inclusive, e.g., 70 %, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and 100%) identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 2 or 46, and (ii) an agent linked to the AD moiety. The two DDD moieties form a dimer that binds to the AD moiety. Examples of the DDD may include the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or others described herein.
190913.00401 In one embodiment, (a) the first moiety is a targeting moiety that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope, and (b) the second moiety is an effector moiety. The agent can be an effector agent. In another embodiment, (a) the first moiety is an effector moiety comprising an effector agent and (b) the second moiety is a targeting moiety. The agent can be a targeting agent that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope. In yet another embodiment, the first moiety and the second moiety are two targeting moieties that specifically bind to two antigens or epitopes. The two antigens or epitopes can be the same or different. In a further embodiment, the first moiety and the second moiety are two effector moieties, and the agents are effector agents. The two effector agents can be the same or different. In a second aspect, the disclosure provides a fusion protein comprising (i) a dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moiety and (ii) an immunoglobulin light chain fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin light chain fragment fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin heavy chain fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin heavy chain fragment fused to the DDD moiety. The immunoglobulin heavy chains can include a Fc region or a segment thereof. In the above-described protein complex or fusion protein, the DDD or the AD moiety may be fused at any suitable positions (e.g., the N-terminus, the C-terminus, or the middle) of a polypeptide chain. In some embodiments, each DDD moiety can be inserted in each immunoglobulin heavy chain. For example, the DDD moiety may be inserted in a hinge region, a variant hinge region, or a hybrid hinge region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain or a hinge flank region thereof. In some embodiments, each DDD moiety is fused to the C-terminus of each immunoglobulin light chain. In some examples, the DDD moiety may be fused to the C- terminus of the immunoglobulin light chain via a linker sequence. The linker sequence may comprise at least one cysteine and the protein complex may comprise a disulfide bond between two linker sequences. The disulfide bond between two linker sequences helps form a stably tethered structure. In the above-described protein complex or fusion protein, each DDD moiety may be fused to the C-terminus of each immunoglobulin heavy chain.
190913.00401 The targeting moiety in the above-described protein complex may bind specifically to a tumor associated antigen or a disease associated antigen. Examples of the tumor associated antigen or the disease associated antigen include, but not limited to Trop2, EpCAM, GPRC5, FcRH5, ROR1, BCMA, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD40, CD47, CD40L, CD66, CD70, CD74, CD79b, CD80, CD95, CD133, CD160, CD166, CD229, MUC1, MUC5, MUC16, IGF-1R, EGFR, HER2, HER3, EGP2, HLA-DR, TNF-Į^^75$,/^ receptor, ICOS, ICOSL, VEGF, VEGFR, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), Flt-3, folate receptor, TDGF1, TfR, Mesothelin, PSMA, CEACAM5, CEACAM6, B7, IFN-Į^^ ,)1-ȕ^^ IFN-Ȗ^^ ,)1-^^^ ,/-^ȕ^^ ,/^^^ ,/^^^ ,/-6R, IL-15, IL-15R, IL-17, IL-17R, IL-12, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C5a, C5aR1, C6, MASPs, MSAP2, MASP3, FB, FD, Properdin, Lag-3, CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-/^^^ 7,0^^^ 6,53Į^^ 7,*,7^^ 2;^^^^ 2;^^/^^ ^-1BB, NKG2A, NKG2B, BTLA, GITR, GITRL, TCR, Nectin-4, c-Met, LIV1, Mesothelin, DLL3, DLL4, Tissue factor, TGF- ȕ^^7*)-ȕ^UHFHSWRU^ DKK1, and CLDN18.2. In some embodiments of the protein complex, the immunoglobulin light chain may comprise a light chain variable region comprising LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 21-23. The immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 24-26. The immunoglobulin light chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. The immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments of the protein complex, the immunoglobulin light chain may comprise a light chain variable region comprising LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 40-42. The immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 43-45. The immunoglobulin light chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or 47. The immunoglobulin heavy chain may comprise the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or 48 or 49. In the protein complex, the effector agent may comprise an antibody or an antigen- binding fragment thereof, aptamers, a ligand, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, a detectable label or tag, a drug, a pro-drug, a toxin, an enzyme, an immunomodulator, a checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-angiogenic agent, a pro-apoptotic agent, a cytokine, a growth
190913.00401 factor, a hormone, a cytokine, a radioisotope, a protein, a peptide, a peptide mimetic, a polynucleotide, a RNAi oligosaccharide, a natural or synthetic polymeric substance, a nanoparticle, a quantum dot, an organic compound, or an inorganic compound. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can bind specifically to a marker on immune cells. In one embodiment, the antibody binds specifically to a T cell specific marker, such as CD3. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise (A) the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 15-20, or (B) the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5, or (C) one or more sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 9, 29, and 31-38. The above-described protein complex or fusion protein or antibody or antigen-binding fragment may further comprise a variant Fc constant region. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences encoding a protein complex or fusion protein described above. Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure are an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid(s), and a host cell comprising the vector or nucleic acid(s). The disclosure provides a method for preparing a protein complex or fusion protein described above. The method may comprise obtaining a cultured host cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences encoding the protein complex or fusion protein; culturing the cell in a medium under conditions permitting (i) expression of the fusion protein or (ii) expression of the protein complex and assembling of the protein complex inside the cell or outside the cells, and purifying the protein complex or fusion protein from the cultured cell or the medium of the cell. In a preferred embodiment, the assembling is intracellular. The disclosure further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein complex or fusion protein or antibody or antigen-binding fragment described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also provided is a method for treating a cancer or a disease in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of the protein complex or fusion protein or the pharmaceutical composition described above. Examples of the disease include a cancer disease (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma) an immunological disease (e.g., autoimmune diseases) and an infection with a pathogen (such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or parasite).
190913.00401 The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forth in the description below. Other features, objectives, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the description and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a single chain of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody. AD2 of antibody B is conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A. FIG. 2 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a single chain of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody. AD7 of antibody B is conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A. FIG. 3 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a Fab of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody. In the Fab of antibody B, the domains of VL and VH or CH1 and CL are exchanged; AD2 or AD7 is fused to the C-terminus of CL and conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A. FIG. 4 is schematic diagram of an IgG antibody (A) grafted with a Fab of another antibody (B) to form bispecific antibody. In the Fab of antibody B, the domains of VL and VH or CH1 and CL are exchanged; AD2 or AD7 is fused to the C-terminus of CH1 and conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of IgG antibody A. FIG. 5 is a photograph showing bispecific antibodies and their modules in SDS- PAGE gel. Three bispecific antibodies against CD3 (huĮ3sc) and Trop2 (hL0125-Cm) or HER2 (T-Cm) were constructed and produced as designed in FIGs. 1 and 2. Lanes: M, protein ladder; 1 and 4, huĮ3sc-AD7×hL0125-Cm; 2 and 5, huĮ3sc-AD2×hL0125-Cm; 3 and 6, huĮ3sc-AD2×T-Cm. R, reducing; NR, non-reducing. FIG. 6 shows high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of bispecific antibodies. FIGs. 7A and 7B are charts showing binding of antibodies to cell surface CD3 of Jurkat. Cells were dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2×105/well, and incubated with indicated agents at 4°C for 45 min. FIG. 7A shows that after wash with PBS, cells were incubated with AF488 labeled goat anti-mouse IgG Fc. FIG. 7B shows that after wash with PBS, cells were incubated with AF488 labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc. Binding was analyzed by flow cytometry using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer. FIGs. 8A, 8B, and 8C are charts showing binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, and BT-474, respectively. FIG. 8A shows binding of
190913.00401 antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of MDA-MB-468. FIG. 8B shows binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of HCC1806. FIG. 8C shows binding of antibodies to cell surface Trop2 or HER2 of BT-474. Cells were dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2×105/well, and incubated with indicated agents at 4°C for 45 min. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with AF488 labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc. Binding was analyzed by flow cytometry using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer. FIGs. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D are charts showing in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs. FIG. 9A shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on MDA-MB-468. FIG. 9B shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on HCC1806. FIG. 9C shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on HCT-116. FIG. 9D shows in vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs on BT-474. Cancer Cells were combined with human PBMCs and dispensed into 96-well plates DW^^^^^^O^ZHOO^WR^SURYLGH^^î^^4 tumor cells and 1×105 PBMC cells (PBMC-to-target ratio of 8:1) in each well. Bispecific antibodies and their component mAbs, starting at 20 nmol/L, were 4-fold serially diluted to treat the mixed cells. After 60h incubation, media were removed and replaced with fresh media to flush PBMCs and dead cancer cells. Cell viabilities were measured with MTS reagent. The assay was done in triplicates. The potencies of agents against cancer cells are shown as IC50 in Table 3. FIGs.10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are four schematic models of bispecific antibodies. FIG. 10A shows that the scFv of antibody b and the IgG of antibody a are site- specifically assembled via the C-terminus-fused AD2 in the scFv of antibody b and DDD2 in two light chains of the IgG antibody a, respectively. FIG. 10B shows that the scFv of antibody b and the IgG of antibody a are site- specifically assembled via the C-terminus-fused AD2 in the scFv of antibody b and DDD2 in two light chains of the IgG antibody a, respectively, and the intramolecular DDD2 dimer is formed and stabilized with the addition of a disulfide bond between two linkers. FIG. 10C shows that AD2 of the scFv antibody b is conjugated to the DDD2 dimer inserted into the hinge region of the IgG antibody a. FIG. 10D shows two DDD2 peptides fused to the C-terminus of heavy chains of the IgG antibody a are dimerized and conjugated with AD2 of the scFv antibody b. FIGs. 11A, 11B, 11C, and 11D are photographs showing bispecific antibodies and their modules in SDS-PAGE gel. Four formats of bispecific antibodies against CD3 (3scFv)
190913.00401 and Trop2 (hL0125) were constructed and produced as designed in schematic models A-D in FIG. 10. (A) 3scFv×hL0125-A; (B) 3scFv×hL0125-B; (C) 3scFv×hL0125-C; and (D) 3scFv×hL0125-D. Lanes: M, protein ladder; 1 and 4, 3scFv-AD2; 2 and 5, hL0125-DDD2; 3 and 6, bispecific conjugates of 3scFv-AD2 and hL0125-DDD2. R, reducing; NR, non- reducing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This disclosure relates to multispecific molecule complexes, such as multispecific protein complexes, e.g., multispecific or bispecific antibodies, and platforms for making different formats of such complexes. Certain aspects of this invention are based, at least in part, on unexpected discoveries that heterologous protein-protein interaction domains (e.g.. DDD and AD) can be incorporated or linked to the proteins or antibodies at various unexpected locations to generate functional multispecific protein complexes or multispecific antibodies. As compared to conventional bispecific antibody platforms, the platform disclosed herein represents a unique novel design, which not only differs from the conventional heavy chain heteromerization bispecific antibody, but also does not require the use of CrossMab- like domain recombination. This design is not a simple protein fusion expression. Rather, due to its significant optimization in structure and biological activity, the multispecific platform provides many advantages over the convention platforms including ease in production and purification. Indeed, as disclosed herein, multispecific or bispecific molecules can be expressed and assembled in a single cell and as such conventional standard IgG isolation and purification process can be applied to obtain the multispecific or bispecific molecules. In certain embodiments, the platform allows one to retain intact IgG, Fc, and/or Fc molecule domain structures and achieve a “1+2” valence mode against two different targets. In the context of immune-oncology, this allows targeting cancer cells and redirecting T cells in close contact. This “1+2” mode can meet the requirements of different affinities for two kinds of cells or two targets. Multispecific molecule complexes One aspect of this disclosure provides a platform of multispecific protein complexes. In one embodiment, the protein complex in general can have, among others, two functional components or moieties: (1) a first moiety comprising two immunoglobulin light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein either the two light chains or the two heavy
190913.00401 chains are linked to two dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moieties respectively, and (2) a second moiety comprising (i) an anchoring domain (AD) moiety and (ii) an agent linked to the AD moiety. The two copies of DDD moieties form a dimer that binds to the AD moiety. Preferably, one of the two immunoglobulin heavy chains can have a Fc region or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, both of the two immunoglobulin heavy chains can have Fc regions or Fc fragments. Either the first moiety or the second moiety can comprise or be a targeting moiety or an effector moiety. For example, in one embodiment, the first moiety is a targeting moiety that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope, and the second moiety is an effector moiety and the agent is an effector agent. In another embodiment, the first moiety is an effector moiety comprising an effector agent and the second moiety is a targeting moiety and the agent is a targeting agent that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope. In a further embodiment, the first moiety and the second moiety are two targeting moieties that specifically bind to two antigens or epitopes. In yet another embodiment, the first moiety and the second moiety are two effector moieties, and the agents are effector agents. Together, the first moiety and the second moiety can provide multiple binding sites and the close proximity of the binding sites can lead to the formation of new complexes (of a target cell and an effector agent) and trigger new cellular contacts. For example, as disclosed herein, with two or more sites for interaction with target cells (e.g., cancer cells), more targeted binding can be achieved and additional immune responses can be activated that involve immune effector cells (e.g., T-Cells and natural killer cells) leading to greater targeted cytotoxic effects. Immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin refers to a naturally occurred or recombinantly produced antibody molecule that acts as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to antigens. There are five major immunoglobulin classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. IgG and IgA are further grouped into subclasses (e.g., in human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) based on additional small differences in the amino acid sequences of heavy chain. The various immunoglobulin classes and subclasses differ in their biological features, structure, target specificity. Immunoglobulins are heterodimeric proteins composed of two heavy and two light FKDLQV^^ZKHUH^WKH^OLJKW^FKDLQ^FDQ^FRQVLVW^RI^HLWKHU^D^^^RU^D^^^FKDLQ^^%RWK^KHDY\^FKDLQV^RU^OLJKW^ chains can be separated functionally into variable domains (Fv) that binds antigens and
190913.00401 constant domains (Fc) that specify effector functions such as activation of complement or ELQGLQJ^ WR^ )F^ UHFHSWRUV^^ 7KH^ OLJKW^ FKDLQV^ FRQWDLQ^ RQO\^ RQH^ FRQVWDQW^ GRPDLQ^ ^&N^ RU^ &^^^^ whereas heavy chains often contain three such domains (CH1, CH2, CH3) and a hinge region between the first (CH1) and second (CH2) domains (Schroeder et al, J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010, 125(202): S41–S52). A “hinge”, “hinge domain” or “hinge region” or “antibody hinge region” refers to the domain of a heavy chain constant region that joins the CH1 domain to the CH2 domain and includes the upper, middle, and lower portions of the hinge(Roux et al., 1998 J Immunol 161:4083). The hinge provides varying levels of flexibility between the binding and effector regions of an antibody and provides sites for intermolecular disulfide bonding between the two heavy chain constant regions. As used herein, a hinge starts at E216 and ends at Gly237 for all IgG isotypes (Roux et al., 1998 J Immunol 161:4083). The sequences of wild type IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 hinges are shown in Table A. The term “hinge” includes wild type hinges (such as those set forth in Tables A, B and C), variant hinges as well as hybrid hinges thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring hinges or modified hinges). For example, the term “IgG1 hinge” includes wild type IgG1 hinge (E216-G237, SEQ ID NO: 65), as shown in Table B, and variants having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions. In certain embodiments, a hinge is a hybrid hinge that comprises sequences from at least two isotypes. For example, a hinge may comprise the upper, middle, or lower hinge from one isotype and the remainder of the hinge from one or more other isotypes. For example, a hinge can be an IgG2/IgG1 hinge, and may comprise, e.g., the upper and middle hinges of IgG2 and the lower hinge of IgG1. A hinge may have effector function or be deprived of effector function. For example, the lower hinge of wild type IgG1 provides effector function. TABLE A. IgG hinge region amino acids (Roux et al., 1998 J Immunol 161:4083) Ig Type C-terminal C 1* Upper Hinge Middle Hinge Lower Hinge IgG1 EPKSCDKTHT CPPCP APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 52) (SEQ ID NO: 57) (SEQ ID NO: 63) IgG2 ERK CCVECPPCP APPVAG (SEQ ID NO: 53) (SEQ ID NO: 58) (SEQ ID NO: 64) IgG3 (17-15-15-15) ELKTPLGDTTHT CPRCP (SEQ ID NO: 59) APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 54) (EPKSCDTPPPCPRCP) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (SEQ ID NO: 60)
IgG3 (17-15-15) ELKTPLGDTTHT CPRCP (SEQ ID NO: 59) APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 50) (SEQ ID NO: 54) (EPKSCDTPPPCPRCP) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (SEQ ID NO: 60)
190913.00401 IgG3 (17-15) VDKRV ELKTPLGDTTHT CPRCP (SEQ ID NO: 59) APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 50) (SEQ ID NO: 54) (EPKSCDTPPPCPRCP) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (SEQ ID NO: 60) IgG3 (15-15-15) VDKRV EPKS CDTPPPCPRCP APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 50) (SEQ ID NO: 55) (SEQ ID NO: 61) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (EPKSCDTPPPCPRCP) (SEQ ID NO: 60) IgG3 (15) VDKRV EPKS CDTPPPCPRCP APELLGG (SEQ ID NO: 50) (SEQ ID NO: 55) (SEQ ID NO: 61) (SEQ ID NO: 63) IgG4 VDKRV ESKYGPP CPSCP(SEQ ID NO: 62) APEFLGG (SEQ ID NO: 50) (SEQ ID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 63)
domain to the hinge in a heavy chain constant domain. As used herein, an IgG CH1 domain starts at A118 and ends at V215 (Table B), an IgA CH1 domain starts at A120 and ends at P221 (Table C). The term “CH1 domain” includes wild type CH1 domains (such as having SEQ ID NO: 65 for IgG1 and SEQ ID NO: 66 for IgG2, Table B), as well as variants thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring CH1 domains or modified CH1 domains). For example, the term “CH1 domain” includes wild type CH1 domains and variants thereof having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions. Exemplary CH1 domains include CH1 domains with mutations that modify a biological activity of an antibody, such as ADCC, CDC or half-life. TABLE B. IgG heavy chain constant region amino acids CH1 118 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVV 186(Eu Idx)
IgG1 187 TVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKV 215(Eu Idx) IgG3 TVPSSSLGTQTYTCNVNHKPSNTKVDKRV IgG2 TVPSSNFGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKTV IgG4 TVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRV Hinge IgG1 216 -----------------------------------------------EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGG 237(Eu Idx) IgG3 ELKTPLGDTTHTCPRCPEPKSCDTPPPCPRCPEPKSCDTPPPCPRCPEPKSCDTPPPCPRCPAPELLGG IgG2 --------------------------------------------------ERKCCVECPPCPAPPV-AG IgG4 --------------------------------------------------ESKYGPPCPSCPAPEFLGG CH2 IgG1 238 PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVL 306(Eu Idx) IgG3 PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVQFKWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTFRVVSVL IgG2 PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVL IgG4 PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVL IgG1 307 TVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK 340(Eu Index) IgG3 TVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKTK IgG2 TVVHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPAPIEKTISKTK IgG4 TVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAK CH3
190913.00401 IgG1 341 GQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSK 409(Eu Idx) IgG3 GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESSGQPENNYNTTPPMLDSDGSFFLYSK IgG2 GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSDGSFFLYSK IgG4 GQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSR IgG1 410 LTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK 447(Eu Idx) Sequence ID No.65 IgG3 LTVDKSRWQQGNIFSCSVMHEALHNRFTQKSLSLSPGK Sequence ID No.67 IgG2 LTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK Sequence ID No.66 IgG4 LTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK Sequence ID No.68 The term “CH2 domain” refers to the heavy chain constant region linking the hinge to the CH3 domain in a heavy chain constant domain. As used herein, an IgG CH2 domain starts at P238 and ends at K340 (Table B), and an IgA CH2 domain starts at C241 and ends at S341 (Table C). The term “CH2 domain” includes wild type CH2 domains (such as having that for IgG1; Table B), as well as variants thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring CH2 domains or modified CH2 domains). For example, the term “CH2 domain” includes wild type CH2 domains and variants thereof having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions. Exemplary CH2 domains include CH2 domains with mutations that modify a biological activity of an antibody, such as ADCC, CDC or half-life. In certain embodiments, a CH2 domain comprises modifications that affect a biological activity of an antibody are provided herein. The term “CH3 domain” refers to the heavy chain constant region that is C-terminal to the CH2 domain in a heavy chain constant domain. As used herein, an IgG CH3 domain starts at G341 and ends at K447 (Table B), and an IgA CH3 domain starts at G342 and ends at Y472 (Table C). The term “CH3 domain” includes wild type CH3 domains (such as having that for IgG1; Table B), as well as variants thereof (e.g., non-naturally occurring CH3 domains or modified CH3 domains). For example, the term “CH3 domain” includes wild type CH3 domains and variants thereof having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-3, 1-5, 3-5 and/or at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mutation(s), e.g., substitutions, deletions, or additions. Exemplary CH3 domains include CH3 domains with mutations that modify a biological activity of an antibody, such as ADCC, CDC or half-life. TABLE C IgA heavy chain constant region amino acids (Patent US10822399B2) IgA-CH1 &Į^-1120 ASPTSPKVFPLSLCSTQPDGNVVIACLVQGFFPQEPLSVTWSESGQGVTARNFPPSQDASGD 181(Bur) &Į^-1 ASPTSPKVFPLSLDSTPQDGNVVVACLVQGFFPQEPLSVTWSESGQNVTARNFPPSQDASGD &Į^-1182 LYTTSSQLTLPATQCLAGKSVTCHVKHYTNPSQDVTVPCP 221(Bur) &Į^-1 LYTTSSQLTLPATQCPDGKSVTCHVKHYTNPSQDVTVPCP Hinge &Į^-1222 VPSTPPTPSPSTPPTPSPS 240(Bur) &Į^-1 VPPPPP-------------
190913.00401 IgA-CH2 &Į^-2241 CCHPRLSLHRPALEDLLLGSEANLTCTLTGLRDASGVTFTWTPSSGKSAVQG 292(Bur) &Į^-2 CCHPRLSLHRPALEDLLLGSEANLTCTLTGLRDASGATFTWTPSSGKSAVQG
IgA-CH3 &Į^-3342 GNTFRPEVHLLPPPSEELALNELVTLTCLARGFSPKDVLVRWLQGSQELPREKYLTWASRQEPS 405(Bur) &Į^-3 GNTFRPEVHLLPPPSEELALNELVTLTCLARGFSPKDVLVRWLQGSQELPREKYLTWASRQEPS &Į^-3406 QGTTTFAVTSILRVAAEDWKKGDTFSCMVGHEALPLAFTQKTIDRLAGKPTHVNVSVVMAEVDGTCY 472(Bur) &Į^-3 QGTTTFAVTSILRVAAEDWKKGDTFSCMVGHEALPLAFTQKTIDRMAGKPTHVNVSVVMAEVDGTCY ^&Į^^^6HTuence ID No.69^^&Į^^^^6HTXHQFH^,'^1R^70) Amino acid numbering above human IgA1 is according to the commonly adopted scheme used for IgA1 Bur (Liu et al, Science, 1976, Vol.193: 1017-1020). Targeting moiety One component of the above-described protein complex can be a targeting moiety that binds specifically to a target. A targeting moiety or targeting domain or targeting agent, used interchangeably herein, refers to an entity (e.g., a molecule) that promotes the interaction, e.g., binding of a protein with a target, and/or directs a protein to a target. A targeting moiety or domain or agent can be a polypeptide, an antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof. As used herein, a "target" can be a cell, a pathogen, a metabolite, a polypeptide complex, or any molecule or structure that resides in a tissue or circulates in the circulatory system or lymphatic system of a subject, such as an immune cell or a cancer cell. A target can be any of such aspects which readily interacts with targeting moiety or targeting domain. In some embodiments, the term refers to a moiety, e.g., an antibody molecule, that as a component of a therapeutic compound, localizes the therapeutic compound preferentially to a target tissue or tart cell. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety can function in the above-described protein complex by delivering the protein complex and/or the effector moiety to the local environment of pathogens, disease cells, or cancer cells, enabling a localized treatment strategy. In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety targets the cancer cells by specifically binding to the pathogens, disease cells, or cancer cells. As disclosed herein, the above described targeting moiety or targeting domain or targeting agent can specifically bind to a disease-associated antigen, such as a tumor-associated antigen. A “disease-associated antigen” refers to antigen that is expressed coincidentally with a particular disease process, where antigen expression correlates with or predicts
190913.00401 development of that disease. A disease-associated antigen can be an antigen recognized by T-cells or B-cells. Some disease-associated antigens may also be tissue-specific. A tissue- specific antigen is expressed in a limited number of tissues. Disease-associated antigens can be, for example, tumor-associated antigens, viral antigens, bacterial antigens, fungal antigens, or parasite antigens. A “tumor-associated antigen” refers to an antigen that is predominately present on tumor cells, in tumor cells, or in tumor microenvironment, which can be used for treating one or more tumors. Tumor-associated antigen is distinguished from normal cellular proteins by distinct features in their levels of expression, localization, or major histocompatibility processing, which allows for their effective targeting in malignancies. Tumor-associated antigen can be broadly categorized into three groups: aberrantly expressed self-antigens, mutated self-antigens and tumor-specific antigens. Tumor-associated antigen as used herein includes an antigen that can be used as a target for treating one or more tumors, wherein its upregulation/activation or downregulation/inhibition is related to tumorigenesis or tumor progress. Tumor-associated antigen as used herein also denotes a peptide which has been isolated and identified from tumorous material and which underwent antigen processing in an antigen presenting cell and can thus be recognized by immune effector cells of the host. In particular, it refers to an antigen expressed exclusively on, associated with, or over-expressed in tumor tissue. A TAA peptide may comprise or consist of 5 to 20, 8 to 14, 8 to 12, for example 9 to 11 amino acids. In an aspect, TAA peptides that are capable of use with methods and embodiments described herein include, for example, those TAA peptides described in U.S. Publication 20160187351, U.S. Publication 20170165335, U.S. Publication 20170035807, U.S. Publication 20160280759, U.S. Publication 20160287687, U.S. Publication 20160346371, U.S. Publication 20160368965, U.S. Publication 20170022251, U.S. Publication 20170002055, U.S. Publication 20170029486, U.S. Publication 20170037089, U.S. Publication 20170136108, U.S. Publication 20170101473, U.S. Publication 20170096461, U.S. Publication 20170165337, U.S. Publication 20170189505, U.S. Publication 20170173132, U.S. Publication 20170296640, U.S. Publication 20170253633, U.S. Publication 20170260249, U.S. Publication 20180051080, and U.S. Publication No. 20180164315, the contents of each of these publications and sequence listings described therein are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. The term "viral antigen" refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic virus. Exemplary disease-associated viral antigens include, but are not limited to,
190913.00401 antigens derived from adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, cytomegalovirus ("CMV"), dengue virus, Ebola virus, Epstein-Barr virus ("EBV"), Guanarito virus, herpes simplex virus-type 1 ("HSV-1"), herpes simplex virus-type 2 ("HSV-2"), human herpesvirus-type 8 ("HHV-8"), hepatitis A virus ("HAV"), hepatitis B virus ("HBV"), hepatitis C virus ("HCV"), hepatitis D virus ("HDV"), hepatitis E virus ("HEV"), human immunodeficiency virus ("HIV"), influenza virus, Junin virus, Lassa virus, Machupo virus, Marburg virus, measles virus, human metapneumovirus, mumps virus, Norwalk virus, human papillomavirus ("HPV"), parainfluenza virus, parvovirus, poliovirus, rabies virus, respiratory syncytial virus ("RSV"), rhinovirus, rotavirus, rubella virus, Sabia virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus ("SARS"), varicella zoster virus, variola virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus. The term "bacterial antigen" refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic virus. Exemplary bacterial antigens include, but are not limited to, antigens derived from Bacillus anthracis, Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, Brucella canis, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittaci, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium peringens, Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diptheriae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli) 157:H7, Francisella tularensis, Haemophilus influenza, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira interrogans, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rickettsia rickettsia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyficus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Treponema pallidum, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia pestis. The term "fungal antigen" refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic fungus. Exemplary fungal antigens include, but are not limited to, antigens derived from Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum canis, Pneumocystis carinii,
190913.00401 Pneumocystis jirovecii, Sporothrix schenckii, Stachbotrys chartarum, Tinea barbae, Tinea captitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea cruris, Tinea faciei, Tinea incognito, Tinea nigra, Tinea versicolor, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. The term "parasite antigen" refers to antigens derived from any disease-associated pathogenic parasite. Exemplary parasite antigens include, but are not limited to, antigens derived from Anisakis spp. Babesia spp., Baylisascaris procyonis, Cyptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Diphyllobothrium spp., Dracunculus medinensis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia, Leishmania sp., Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Taenia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Antibody In certain embodiments, the targeting moiety is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. By antigen-binding fragment, it is meant any antibody fragment that retains its binding activity to the target on the cancer cell, such as an scFv or other functional fragment including an immunoglobulin devoid of light chains, VHH, VNAR, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, Fv, antibody fragment, diabody, scAB, single-domain heavy chain antibody, single- domain light chain antibody, Fd, CDR regions, or any portion or peptide sequence of the antibody that is capable of binding antigen or epitope. VHH and VNAR are alternatives to classical antibodies and even though they are produced in different species (camelids and sharks, respectively). Unless specifically noted as "full length antibody," when the disclosure refers to antibody it inherently includes a reference to an antigen-binding fragment thereof. Certain targets of antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or protein (with examples of cancer cell types in parentheses) may include: Her2/Neu (Epithelial malignancies); CD22 (B cells, autoimmune or malignant); EpCAM (CD326) (Epithelial malignancies); EGFR (epithelial malignancies); PSMA (Prostate Carcinoma); CD30 (B cell malignancies); CD20 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD33 (Myeloid malignancies); membrane lgE (Allergic B cells); lgE Receptor (CD23) (Mast cells or B cells in allergic disease), CD80 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD86 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD2 (T cell or NK cell lymphomas); CA125 (multiple cancers including Ovarian carcinoma); Carbonic Anhydrase IX (multiple cancers including Renal Cell Carcinoma); CD70 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD74 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD56 (T cell or NK cell lymphomas); CD40 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CD19 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); c-met/HGFR
190913.00401 (Gastrointestinal tract and hepatic malignancies; TRAIL-R1 (multiple malignancies including ovarian and colorectal carcinoma); DRS (multiple malignancies including ovarian and colorectal carcinoma); PD-1 (B cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); PDL1 (Multiple malignancies including epithelial adenocarcinoma); IGF-1R (Most malignancies including epithelial adenocarcinoma); VEGF and VEGFR (Solid tumor and eye AMD), VEGF-R2 (The vasculature associated with the majority of malignancies including epithelial adenocarcinomas); Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) (Prostate Adenocarcinoma); MUC1 (Epithelial malignancies); CanAg (tumors such as carcinomas of the colon and pancreas); Mesothelin (many tumors including mesothelioma and ovarian and pancreatic adenocarcinoma); P-cadherin (Epithelial malignancies, including breast adenocarcinoma); Myostatin (GDF8) (many tumors including sarcoma and ovarian and pancreatic adenocarcinoma); Cripto (TDGF1) (Epithelial malignancies including colon, breast, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers); ACVRL 1/ALK1 (multiple malignancies including leukemias and lymphomas); MUC5AC (Epithelial malignancies, including breast adenocarcinoma); CEACAM (Epithelial malignancies, including breast adenocarcinoma); CD137 (B cells or T cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); CXCR4 (B cells or T cells, autoimmune, allergic or malignant); Neuropilin 1 (Epithelial malignancies, including lung cancer); Glypicans (multiple cancers including liver, brain and breast cancers); HER3/EGFR (Epithelial malignancies); PDGFRa (Epithelial malignancies); EphA2 (multiple cancers including neuroblastoma, melanoma, breast cancer, and small cell lung carcinoma); CD38 ^0\HORPD^^^ &'^^^^ ^0\HORPD^^^ Į^-integrin (AML, myeloma, CLL, and most lymphomas), C5 complement (PNH, aHUS, gMG, and NMOSD), C3 complement (PNH), MASP-2 (IgA kidney disease), C5aR (solid tumor), CR1 (eye wAMD disease), C3b and CFH (PNH, aHUS, gMG, and NMOSD). The FDA maintains listings of approved antibody drugs or therapeutic antibodies for treating cancer, See The Orange Book Online or Drugs@FDA on the FDA website. The FDA also maintains listings of clinical trials in progress for therapeutic antibodies in the clinicaltrials.gov database, which may be searched by disease names. These antibody drugs or therapeutic antibodies or their antigen-binding sections, which are specific for various disease-associated antigens or tumor -associated antigen, can be employed as or in the targeting moiety or effector moiety in the protein complex, related compositions, and related treatment methods disclosed herein.
190913.00401 Examples of these antibody drugs or therapeutic antibodies include, but not limited to, 3F8, 8H9, Abagovomab, Abciximab, Abituzumab, Abrilumab, Actoxumab, Abciximab, Abituzumab, Abrilumab, Actoxumab, Adalimumab, Adecatumumab, Aducanumab, Afutuzumab, Alacizumab pegol, ALD518, Alemtuzumab, Alirocumab, Altumomab pentetate, Amatuximab, Anatumomab mafenatox, Anetumab ravtansine, Anifrolumab, Anrukinzumab (=IMA-638) Apolizumab, Arcitumomab, Ascrinvacumab, Aselizumab, Atezolizumab, Atinumab, Atlizumab (=tocilizumab), Atorolimumab, Bapineuzumab, Basiliximab, Bavituximab, Bectumomab, Begelomab, Belimumab, Benralizumab, Bertilimumab, Besilesomab, Bevacizumab, Bezlotoxumab, Biciromab, Bimagrumab, Bimekizumab, Bivatuzumab mertansine, Blinatumomab, Blosozumab, Bococizumab, Brentuximab vedotin, Briakinumab, Brodalumab, Brolucizumab, Brontictuzumab, Canakinumab, Cantuzumab mertansine, Cantuzumab ravtansine, Caplacizumab, Capromab pendetide, Carlumab, Catumaxomab, cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate, Cedelizumab, Cetuximab, Ch.14.18, Citatuzumab bogatox, Cixutumumab, Clazakizumab, Clenoliximab, Clivatuzumab tetraxetan, Codrituzumab, Coltuximab ravtansine, Conatumumab, Concizumab, Crenezumab, CR6261, Dacetuzumab, Daclizumab, Dalotuzumab, Dapirolizumab pegol, Daratumuma, Dectrekumab, Demcizumab, Denintuzumab mafodotin, Denosumab, Derlotuximab biotin, Detumomab, Dinutuximab, Diridavumab, Dorlimomab aritox, Drozitumab, Duligotumab, Dupilumab, Durvalumab, Dusigitumab, Ecromeximab, Eculizumab, Edobacomab, Edrecolomab, Efalizumab, Efungumab, Eldelumab, Elgemtumab, Elotuzumab, Elsilimomab, Emactuzumab, Emibetuzumab, Enavatuzumab, Enfortumab vedotin, Enlimomab pegol, Enoblituzumab, Enokizumab, Enoticumab, Ensituximab, Epitumomab cituxetan, Epratuzumab, Erlizumab, Ertumaxomab, Etaracizumab, Etrolizumab, Evinacumab, Evolocumab, Exbivirumab, Fanolesomab, Faralimomab, Farletuzumab, Fasinumab, FBTA05, Felvizumab, Fezakinumab, Ficlatuzumab, Figitumumab, Firivumab, Flanvotumab, Fletikumab, Fontolizumab, Foralumab, Foravirumab, Fresolimumab, Fulranumab, Futuximab, Galiximab, Ganitumab, Gantenerumab, Gavilimomab, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Gevokizumab, Girentuximab, Glembatumumab vedotin, Gomiliximab, Guselkumab, Ibalizumab, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Icrucumab, Idarucizumab, Igovomab, IMAB362, Imalumab, Imciromab, Imgatuzumab, Inclacumab, Indatuximab ravtansine, Indusatumab vedotin, Intetumumab, Inolimomab, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Ipilimumab, Iratumumab, Isatuximab, Itolizumab, Ixekizumab, Keliximab, Labetuzumab, Lambrolizumab, Lampalizumab, Lebrikizumab, Lemalesomab, Lenzilumab, Lerdelimumab,
190913.00401 Lexatumumab, Libivirumab, Lifastuzumab vedotin, Ligelizumab, Lilotomab satetraxetan, Lintuzumab, Lirilumab, Lodelcizumab, Lokivetmab, Lorvotuzumab mertansine, Lucatumumab, Lulizumab pegol, Lumiliximab, Lumretuzumab, Mapatumumab, Margetuximab, Maslimomab, Mavrilimumab, Matuzumab, Mepolizumab, Metelimumab, Milatuzumab, Minretumomab, Mirvetuximab soravtansine, Mitumomab, Mogamulizumab, Morolimumab, Motavizumab, Moxetumomab pasudotox, Muromonab-CD3, Nacolomab tafenatox, Namilumab, Naptumomab estafenatox, Narnatumab[, Natalizumab, Nebacumab, Necitumumab, Nemolizumab, Nesvacumab, Nimotuzumab, Nivolumab, Nofetumomab merpentan, Obiltoxaximab, Obinutuzumab, Ocaratuzumab, Ocrelizumab, Odulimomab, Ofatumumab, Olaratumab, Olokizumab, Omalizumab, Onartuzumab, Ontuxizumab, Opicinumab, Oportuzumab monatox, Oregovomab, Orticumab, Otelixizumab, Otlertuzumab, Oxelumab, Ozanezumab, Pagibaximab, Palivizumab, Panitumumab, Pankomab, Panobacumab, Parsatuzumab, Pascolizumab, Pasotuxizumab, Pateclizumab, Patritumab, Pembrolizumab, Pemtumomab, Perakizumab, Pertuzumab, Pexelizumab, Pidilizumab, Pinatuzumab vedotin, Pintumomab, Placulumab, Polatuzumab vedotin, Ponezumab, Priliximab, Pritoxaximab, Pritumumab, PRO 140, Quilizumab, Tetulomab, Racotumomab, Radretumab, Rafivirumab, Ralpancizumab, Ramucirumab, Ranibizumab, Raxibacumab, Refanezumab, Regavirumab, Reslizumab, Rilotumumab, Rinucumab, Rituximab, Robatumumab, Roledumab, Romosozumab, Rontalizumab, Rovelizumab, Ruplizumab, Sacituzumab govitecan, Samalizumab, Sarilumab, Satumomab pendetide, Secukinumab, Seribantumab, Setoxaximab, Sevirumab, Sibrotuzumab, SGN-CD19A, SGN-CD33A, Sifalimumab, Siltuximab, Simtuzumab, Siplizumab, Sirukumab, Sofituzumab vedotin, Solanezumab, Solitomab, Sonepcizumab, Sontuzumab, Stamulumab, Sulesomab, Suvizumab, Tabalumab, Tacatuzumab tetraxetan, Tadocizumab, Talizumab, Tanezumab, Taplitumomab paptox, Tarextumab, Tefibazumab, Telimomab aritox, Tenatumomab, Teneliximab, Teplizumab, Teprotumumab, Tesidolumab, TGN1412, Ticilimumab (=tremelimumab), Tildrakizumab, Tigatuzumab, TNX-650, Tocilizumab (=atlizumab, Toralizumab, Tosatoxumab, Tositumomab, Tovetumab, Tralokinumab, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab emtansine, TRBS07, Tregalizumab, Tremelimumab, Trevogrumab, Tucotuzumab celmoleukin, Tuvirumab, Ublituximab, Ulocuplumab, Urelumab, Urtoxazumab, Ustekinumab, Vandortuzumab vedotin, Vantictumab, Vanucizumab, Vapaliximab, Varlilumab, Vatelizumab, Vedolizumab, Veltuzumab, Vepalimomab, Vesencumab, Visilizumab, Volociximab, Vorsetuzumab mafodotin, Votumumab, Zalutumumab,
190913.00401 Zanolimumab, Zatuximab, Ziralimumab, and Zolimomab aritox. Additional examples include those described in US Patent No. 11,119,096, US Patent No. 11,091,562, and US 20210269547, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. Ligands In some other embodiments, the targeting moiety can be or include a member of a binding pair while the other member of the binding pair is on a target of interest. Example of the binding pair include a ligand-receptor pair. In certain embodiments, a targeting moiety may be a binding partner for a protein known to be expressed on a cancer cell. Such expression levels may include overexpression. Examples of the ligand may include IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, .alpha.-MSH, transferrin, folic acid, EGF, TGF, PD1, IL-13, stem cell factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), CD40, or CD47. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a full-length sequence of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, .alpha.-MSH, transferrin, folic acid, EGF, TGF, PD1, IL-13, stem cell factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), or CD40. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises a truncated form, analog, variant, or derivative of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, Į-MSH, transferrin, folic acid, EGF, TGF, PD1, IL-13, stem cell factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), or CD40. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety binds a target on the cancer comprising IL-2 receptor, IL-4, IL-6, melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor (MSH receptor), transferrin receptor (TR), folate receptor 1 (FOLR), folate hydroxylase (FOLH1), EGF receptor, PD-L1, PD-L2, IL-13R, CXCR4, IGFR, or CD40L. The binding partner need not comprise the full length or wildtype sequence for the binding partners. All that is required is that the binding partner bind to the target on the cancer cell and can thus include truncated forms, analogs, variants, and derivatives that are well known in the art. Others In some embodiments, the targeting moiety capable of targeting a target (e.g., cancer) is not an antibody, but is another type of targeting moiety. A wide range of targeting moieties capable of targeting cancer are known, including DNA aptamers, RNA aptamers, albumins, lipocalins, fibronectins, ankyrins, CH1/2/3 scaffolds (including abdurins (IgG CH2 scaffolds)), fynomers, Obodies, DARPins, knotins, avimers, atrimers, anticallins, affilins, affibodies, bicyclic peptides, cys-knots, FN3 (adnectins, centryrins, pronectins, TN3), and Kunitz domains. These and other non-antibody scaffold structures may be used for targeting to a cancer cell. Smaller non-antibody scaffolds are rapidly removed from the bloodstream
190913.00401 and have a shorter half-life than monoclonal antibodies. They also show faster tissue penetration owing to fast extravasation from the capillary lumen through the vascular endothelium and basement membrane. See Vazquez-Lombardi et al., Drug Discovery Today 20(1):1271-1283 (2015). A number of non-antibody scaffolds targeting cancer are already under clinical development, with other candidates in the preclinical stage. See Vazquez- Lombardi et al, Drug Discovery Today 20(1):1271-1283 (2015), Table 1. Additionally, in some embodiments, the binding partner may be an aptamer that is capable of binding to a protein known to be expressed on a cancer cell. Aptamers that bind cancer cells, such as cancer cells, are well known and methods for designing them are known. Effector moiety An effector moiety or effector domain or effector agent, used interchangeably herein, refers to an entity (e.g., an atom, a molecule, a compound, or a cell) which mediates a biological activity or response (e.g., immune response) or is useful for diagnostic or therapeutic application. An effector agent can be a diagnostic agent or a therapeutic agent. A diagnostic effector moiety or domain or agent may be any entity that is useful in diagnosing a disease. Useful diagnostic agents include, but are not limited to, enzymes, DNAs, RNAs, peptides, substrates, chemiluminescence agents, radioisotopes, dyes, contrast agents, fluorescent compounds or molecules, enhancing agents (e.g., paramagnetic ions), or beads or other conjugates for collection. It is to be understood that a magnetic bead may be any suitable magnetic bead used for standard purification or separation. Accordingly, a magnetic bead may be ferromagnetic or paramagnetic or superparamagnetic, such as permanent magnets or materials attracted to magnetic materials. A therapeutic effector moiety or domain or agent means any entity that may exert a therapeutic effect. Examples include immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune costimulatory/agonist agents (antibodies, ligands, or chemical agents), immune coinhibitory/antagonist agents (antibodies, protein, or chemical agents), cytokines, complement agents, cancer vaccines, anticancer agents, radioisotopes such as radioactive iodine-labeled compounds, toxins, cytostatic or cytolytic drugs, etc. Immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise, for example, antibodies or chemical agents against PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4. Immune costimulatory/agonist agents comprise, for example, antibodies, ligands, or chemical agents against 4-1BB, ICOS, GITR, CD70, CD27, OX40, or CD40. Immune coinhibitory/antagonist agents comprise, for example, antibodies, proteins, or chemical agents against VISTA, CCR4, B7-H3, TIM-3, LAG-3, KIR, IDO-1,2, TIGIT, A2aR, TGF-ȕ^^
190913.00401 CD47, CD73, NKG2A, or NKG2B. Cytokines comprise, for example, IFN-Į^^,)1-ȕ^^,)1-Ȗ^^ IFN-^^^,/-^ȕ^^,/^^^,/^^^,/-15, IL-17, or IL-12. Complement agents comprise, for example, antibodies, proteins, or chemical agents against C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C5a, C5aR1, C6, MASPs, MSAP2, MASP3, FB, FD, or Properdin. Cancer vaccines comprise any cancer- specific antigens that can induce immune response of the body to attack the cancer. Anticancer agents comprise, for example, aminoglutethimide, azathioprine, bleomycin sulfate, busulfan, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cytarabidine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubin, doxorubicin, taxol, etoposide, fluorouracil, interferon-.alpha., lomustine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, mitotane, procarbazine HCl, thioguanine, vinblastine sulfate and vincristine sulfate. Other anticancer agents are described, for example, in Goodman and Gilman, "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics", 8th Edition, 1990, McGraw-Hill, Inc., in particular Chapter 52 (Antineoplastic Agents (Paul Calabresi and Bruce A. Chabner). Toxins may be proteins such as pokeweed antiviral protein, cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, ricin, gelonin, abrin, diphtheria exotoxin, Onconase (Ranpirnase), or Pseudomonas exotoxin. Toxin residues may also be high energy- emitting radionuclides such as cobalt-60. Other examples include cytotoxins or cytotoxic agents. A cytotoxin or cytotoxic agent includes any agent that is detrimental to and, in particular, kills cells. Useful classes of cytotoxic agents include, for example, oncolytic peptide, antitubulin agents, DNA minor groove binders (e.g., enediynes and lexitropsins), DNA replication inhibitors, alkylating agents (e.g., platinum complexes such as cis-platin, mono(platinum), bis(platinum) and tri- nuclear platinum complexes and carboplatin), anthracyclines, antibiotics, antifolates, antimetabolites, chemotherapy sensitizers, duocarmycins, etoposides, fluorinated pyrimidines, ionophores, nitrosoureas, platinols, pre-forming compounds, purine antimetabolites, puromycins, radiation sensitizers, steroids, taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel), topoisomerase inhibitors, vinca alkaloids, or the like. Individual cytotoxic agents include, for example, an androgen, anthramycin (AMC), asparaginase, 5-azacytidine, azathioprine, bleomycin, busulfan, buthionine sulfoximine, camptothecin, carboplatin, carmustine (BSNU), CC-1065, chlorambucil, cisplatin, colchicine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytidine arabinoside, cytochalasin B, dacarbazine, dactinomycin (formerly actinomycin), daunorubicin, decarbazine, docetaxel, doxorubicin, an estrogen, 5-fluordeoxyuridine, 5-fluorouracil, gramicidin D, hydroxyurea, idarubicin, ifosfamide, irinotecan, lomustine (CCNU), mechlorethamine, melphalan, 6-mercaptopurine,
190913.00401 methotrexate, mithramycin, mitomycin C, mitoxantrone, nitroimidazole, paclitaxel, plicamycin, procarbizine, streptozotocin, tenoposide, 6-thioguanine, thioTEPA, topotecan, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, VP-16, VM-26, and anti-tubulin agents. Examples of anti-tubulin agents include, but are not limited to, dolastatins (e.g., auristatin E, AFP, MMAF, MMAE, AEB, AEVB), maytansinoids, taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel, docetaxel), T67 (Tularik), vinca alkyloids (e.g., vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, and vinorelbine), baccatin derivatives, taxane analogs (e.g., epothilone A and B), nocodazole, colchicine and colcimid, estramustine, cryptophysins, cemadotin, combretastatins, discodermolide, and eleutherobin. Radioisotopes to generate cytotoxic radiopharmaceuticals include, e.g., iodine-131, yttrium- 90 or indium-111. Additional exemplary therapeutic agents that can be used as therapeutic effector moiety are described below in the section of Other Therapeutic Agents. Techniques for conjugating such therapeutic effector moiety (drug) to antibodies, proteins, or peptides are well known. The generation of antibody/protein/peptide-drug conjugates can be accomplished by any technique known to the skilled artisan. A peptide and a drug may be directly bound to each other via their own linker groups or indirectly via a linker or other substance. Immune Cell Engaging Domain In certain embodiments, the effector moiety can be or can include an immune cell engaging domain that can bind or recruit one or more immune cells. In some embodiments, the immune cell is a T cell, natural killer cell, macrophage, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, Ȗį^7^FHOO^^1.7^FHOO^^RU^HQJLQHHUHG^LPPXQH^FHOO^ T cell For engaging a T cell, the effector moiety may bind to the CD3 antigen and/or T-cell receptor or any specific engaging marker on the surface of the T-cell. CD3 is present on all T FHOOV^ DQG^FRQVLVWV^RI^ VXEXQLWV^GHVLJQDWHG^ Ȗ^^ į^^ İ^^ ȗ^^ DQG^^^^ ^7KH^ F\WRSODVPLF^ Wail of CD3 is sufficient to transduce the signals necessary for
cell activation in the absence of the other components of the TCR receptor complex. Normally, activation of T cell cytotoxicity depends first on binding of the TCR with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein, itself bound to a foreign antigen, located on a separate cell. In a normal situation, only when this initial TCR-MHC binding has taken place can the CD3 dependent signally cascade responsible for T cell clonal expansion and, ultimately, T cell cytotoxicity ensue. In some of the present embodiments, however, when the multispecific protein complex binds to CD3
190913.00401 and/or the TCR, activation of cytotoxic T cells in the absence of independent TCR-MHC can take place by virtue of the crosslinking of the CD3 and/or TCR molecules mimicking an immune synapse formation. This means that T cells may be cytotoxically activated in a clonally independent fashion, i.e. in a manner that is independent of the specific TCR clone carried by the T cell. This allows for activation of the entire T cell compartment rather than only specific T cells of a certain clonal identity. In some embodiments, the T-cell engaging domain may comprise an scFv that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a T cell, such as CD3 or TCR. If the antigen is CD3, one potential T-cell engaging domain may be derived from muromonab (muromonab-CD3 or OKT3), otelixizumab, teplizumab, visilizumab, foralumab, 20G6, or SP34. One skilled in the art would be aware of a wide range of anti-CD3 antibodies, some of which are approved therapies or have been clinically tested in human patients (see Kuhn and Weiner Immunotherapy 8(8):889-906 (2016)). Natural killer cell In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or can include a natural killer (NK) cell engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on the NK cell. The antigen on the surface of the NK cell may be NKG2D, CD16, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 or DNAM. In some embodiments, having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the natural killer cell and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of natural killer cells. Engagement of natural killer cells can lead to their activation and induce natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release. The natural killer cell may specifically lyse the target cells bound by the protein complex. Killing of a target cell may be mediated by either the perforin/granzyme system or by FasL-Fas engagement. As well as this potential cytotoxic function, natural killer cells are also able to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha which can activate macrophages and dendritic cells in the immediate vicinity to enhance the anti-target (e.g., anti-cancer) immune response. The natural killer cell engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a natural killer cell, such as NKG2D, CD16, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and DNAM. Macrophage
190913.00401 In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a macrophage engaging domain. As used herein, a "macrophage" may refer to any cell of the mononuclear phagocytic system, such as grouped lineage-committed bone marrow precursors, circulating monocytes, resident macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). Examples of resident macrophages can include Kupffer cells and microglia. The macrophage engaging domain binds specifically to an antigen on the surface of the macrophage to engage these cells. In some embodiments, the antigen on the surface of the macrophage may be CD89 (Fc alpha receptor 1), CD64 (Fc gamma receptor 1), CD32 (Fc gamma receptor 2A) or CD16a (Fc gamma receptor 3A). Having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the macrophage cell and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of macrophages. Engagement of macrophages can lead the macrophage to phagocytose the target cell. In some embodiments, inducing macrophage phagocytosis via binding to an antigen on the surface of the macrophages is independent of Fc receptor binding, which has been shown previously to be a method of target (e.g., tumor) cell killing by macrophages. Normally, cancer cells are bound by whole antibodies and the Fc portion of the antibody binds to the Fc receptor and induces phagocytosis. In some embodiments, engagement of toll-like receptors on the macrophage surface (see patent application US20150125397A1) leads to engagement of macrophages. The macrophage engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a macrophage, such as CD89, CD64, CD32, CD16a, or toll-like receptors. Neutrophil In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a neutrophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on a neutrophil. Examples RI^ WKH^ DQWLJHQ^ RQ^ WKH^ VXUIDFH^ RI^ WKH^ QHXWURSKLO^ PD\^ EH^ &'^^^ ^)FĮ5^^^^ )FȖ5,^ ^&'^^^^^ )FȖ5,,$^ (CD32), )FȖ5,,,$^ ^&'^^D^^^ &'^^E^ ^&5^^^ Į0ȕ^^^^ 7/5^^^ 7/5^^^ &/(&^$^ (Dectin1), formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), or formyl peptide receptor 3 (FPR3). In some embodiments, having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the neutrophil and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of neutrophils. Engagement of neutrophils can lead to phagocytosis and target cell uptake. That is, the neutrophil may engulf the target
190913.00401 cells. The neutrophil engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a neutrophil, such as any of those described above. Eosinophil In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include an eosinophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on eosinophil. Examples of DQ^DQWLJHQ^RQ^WKH^VXUIDFH^RI^WKH^HRVLQRSKLO^LQFOXGH^&'^^^^)F^DOSKD^UHFHSWRU^^^^^)Fİ5,^^)FȖ5,^ (CD64), FcȖ5,,$^^&'^^^^^)FȖ5,,,%^^&'^^E^^^RU^7/5^^^ In some embodiments, having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the eosinophil and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of eosinophils. Engagement of eosinophils can lead to degranulation and release of preformed cationic proteins, such as EPO, major basic protein 1 (MBP1), and eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (EARs), known as ECP and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. In that case, the eosinophil may phagocytose the target cell or secrete neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); finally, they may activate their respiratory burst cascade to kill phagocytosed cells. The eosinophil engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of an eosinophil, such as any of those described above. Basophil In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a basophil engaging domain that specifically binds to an antigen on a basophil. Examples of an antigen on the surface of the basophil may be CD89 (Fc alpha receptor ^^^RU^)Fİ5,^ In some embodiments, having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on basophil and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of basophils. Engagement of basophils can lead to the release of basophil granule components such as histamine, proteoglycans, and proteolytic enzymes. They also secrete leukotrienes (LTD-4) and cytokines. In some embodiments, the basophil engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a basophil, such as any of those described above. Ȗį^7^FHOO^
190913.00401 ,Q^VRPH^HPERGLPHQWV^^WKH^LPPXQH^FHOO^HQJDJLQJ^GRPDLQ^FDQ^EH^RU^LQFOXGH^D^Ȗį7-cell HQJDJLQJ^GRPDLQ^^^$V^XVHG^KHUHLQ^^D^Ȗį^7^FHOO^UHIHUV^WR^D^7^FHOO^KDYLQJ^D^7&5^PDGH^XS^RI^RQH^ JDPPD^FKDLQ^^Ȗ^^DQG^RQH delta cKDLQ^^į^^^^7KH^Ȗį7-cell engaging domain specifically binds to an antigen on thH^VXUIDFH^RI^WKH^Ȗį^7^FHOO^WR^HQJDJH^WKHVH^FHOOV^^^([DPSOHV^RI^DQ^DQWLJHQ^RQ^ WKH^ VXUIDFH^ RI^ WKH^ Ȗį7^ FHOO^ LQFOXGH^ Ȗį7&5^^1.*^'^^&'^^&RPSOH[^ ^&'^İ^^&'^Ȗ^^&'^į^^ &'^ȗ^^DQG^&'^^^^^^-1BB, DNAM-1, or TLRs (e.g., TLR2, TLR6). ,Q^VRPH^HPERGLPHQWV^^KDYLQJ^WKH^HIIHFWRU^PRLHW\^ELQGLQJ^WR^D^VXUIDFH^SURWHLQ^RQ^Ȗį7^ cell and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific HQJDJHPHQW^RI^Ȗį7^FHOOV^^(QJDJHPHQW^RI^Ȗį7^FHOOV^FDQ^OHDG^ to cytolysis of the WDUJHW^ FHOO^ DQG^ UHOHDVH^ RI^ SURLQIODPPDWRU\^ F\WRNLQHV^ VXFK^ DV^71)Į^ DQG^ ,)1Ȗ^^,Q^WKDW^FDVH^^Ȗį7^FHOOV^PD\^NLOO^WKH^WDUJHW^FHOO^^ ,Q^VRPH^HPERGLPHQWV^^WKH^Ȗį7^FHOO^HQJDJLQJ^domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment WKDW^LV^VSHFLILF^IRU^DQ^DQWLJHQ^H[SUHVVHG^RQ^WKH^VXUIDFH^RI^D^Ȗį7^FHOO^^ such as any of those described above. NKT cell In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include a NKT engaging domain. NKT cells refers to T cellV^ WKDW^ H[SUHVV^ WKH^ 9Į^^^ DQG^ 9ȕ^^^ 7&5^ receptors. The NKT engaging domain specifically binds to an antigen on the surface of the NKT to engage these cells. Examples of the antigen on the surface of the NKT include ĮȕTCR, NKG^'^^&'^^&RPSOH[^^&'^İ^^&'^Ȗ^^&'^į^^&'^ȗ^^DQG^&'^^^^^^-1BB, or IL-12R. In some embodiments, having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the NKT and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of NKT. Engagement of NKTs can lead to cytolysis of the target cell. In that case, the NKT may cytolysis of the target cell and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In some embodiments, the NKT engaging domain may comprise an scFv, Fab, or antigen-binding fragment that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a NKT, such as such as any of those described above. Engineered immune cell In some embodiments, the immune cell engaging domain can be or include an engineered immune cell engaging domain. The engaging domain specifically binds to an antigen on the surface of the engineered immune cell to engage these cells. In some embodiments, the antigen on the surface of the engineered immune cell may be an
190913.00401 engagement domain recited KHUHLQ^ZLWK^VSHFLILFLW\^IRU^7^FHOOV^^1.^FHOOV^^1.7^FHOOV^^RU^Ȗį7^ cells. In some embodiments, the engineered immune cell is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell. The CAR may comprise an extracellular domain (for example, an scFv) capable of tightly binding to a tumor antigen, fused to a signaling domain partly derived from a receptor naturally expressed by an immune cell. Exemplary CARs are described in Facts about Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, December 2017. CARs may comprise an scFV region specific for a target (such as a tumor antigen), an intracellular co-stimulatory domain, and linker and transmembrane region. For example, a CAR in a CAR T cell may comprise an extracellular domain targeting a tumor antigen fused to a signaling domain partly derived from the T cell receptor. A CAR may also comprise a co-stimulatory domain, such as CD28, 4-1 BB, or OX40. In some embodiments, binding of the CAR expressed by an immune cell to a tumor target antigen results in immune cell activation, proliferation, and target cell elimination. Thus, a range of CARs may be used that differ in their scFV region, intracellular co-stimulatory domains, and linker and transmembrane regions to generate engineered immune cells. Exemplary engineered immune cells include CAR T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and Ȗį T cells. In some embodiments, engineered immune cells can be derived from a patient's own immune cells or from a healthy donor. In some embodiments, the patient's tumor expresses a tumor antigen that binds to the scFV of the CAR. Potential CAR targets studied so far include CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD33, CD123, ROR1, Igk light chain, BCMA, LNGFR, and NKG2D. However, the CAR technology would be available for developing engineered immune cells to a range of tumor antigens. Again, having the effector moiety binding to a surface protein on the engineered immune cell and having the targeting moiety binding to a target cell (e.g., a pathogen, a disease cell, or a cancer cell) allows specific engagement of engineered immune cells. Engagement of engineered immune cells can lead to activation of the effector response of these cells such as cytolysis of their target, release of cytokines, and killing of the target cell. The engineered immune cell engaging domain may comprise an scFv that is specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of an engineered immune cell, based on the type of cell used for the engineering.
190913.00401 Various exemplary antibodies specific for an antigen expressed on the surface of a T FHOO^^QDWXUDO^NLOOHU^FHOO^^PDFURSKDJH^^QHXWURSKLO^^HRVLQRSKLO^^EDVRSKLO^^Ȗį^7^FHOO^^1.7^FHOO^^RU^ engineered immune cell are known in the art. Examples include those described in, e.g., US20210269547, the content of which is incorporated by reference. The above-described targeting moiety and effector moiety can be conjugated together to form the protein complex using any methods known in the art. In preferred embodiments, the targeting moiety and effector moiety can be formed via the two DDD moieties and the AD moiety. As described herein, two DDD moieties form a dimer that binds to the AD moiety. DDD and AD This DDD/AD approach takes advantage of the specific and high-affinity binding interactions that occur between a dimerization and docking domain (DDD) sequence of the regulatory (R) subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and an anchor domain (AD) sequence derived from any of a variety of AKAP proteins (Baillie et al., FEBS Letters. 2005; 579: 3264. Wong and Scott, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004; 5: 959). The DDD and AD peptides may be attached to any protein, peptide, or other molecule. Because the DDD sequences spontaneously dimerize and bind to the AD sequence, the technique allows the formation of complexes between any selected molecules that may be attached to DDD or AD sequences. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,521,056; 7,527,787; 7,534,866; 7,550,143; 7,666,400; 7,901,680; 7,906,118; 7,981,398; and 8,003,111. The contents of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. Although a standard DDD/AD complex comprises a trimer with two DDD-linked molecules attached to one AD-linked molecule, variations in complex structure allow the formation of dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers and other multimers. In some embodiments, the complex described herein may comprise two or more antibodies, antibody fragments or fusion proteins which bind to the same antigenic determinant or to two or more different antigens. The complex may also comprise one or more other effectors, such as proteins, peptides, immunomodulators, cytokines, interleukins, interferons, binding proteins, peptide ligands, carrier proteins, toxins, ribonucleases such as onconase, inhibitory oligonucleotides such as siRNA, antigens or xenoantigens, polymers such as PEG, enzymes, therapeutic agents, hormones, cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenic agents, pro-apoptotic agents or any other molecule or aggregate.
190913.00401 PKA, which plays a central role in one of the best studied signal transduction pathways triggered by the binding of the second messenger cAMP to the R subunits, was first isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle in 1968 (Walsh et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1968; 243:3763). The structure of the holoenzyme consists of two catalytic subunits held in an inactive form by the R subunits (Taylor, J. Biol. Chem. 1989; 264:8443). Isozymes of PKA are found with WZR^W\SHV^RI^5^VXEXQLWV^^5,^DQG^5,,^^^DQG^HDFK^W\SH^KDV^Į^DQG^ȕ^LVRIRUPV^^6FRWW^^3KDUPDFRO^^ Ther. 1991; 50:123). Thus, the four isoforms of PKA regulatory subunits DUH^5,Į^^5,ȕ^^5,,Į^^ DQG^5,,ȕ^^HDFK^RI^ZKLFK^FRPSULVHV^D^'''^PRLHW\^DPLQR^DFLG^VHTXHQFH^^^7KH^5,,^Į subunits have been isolated only as stable dimers and the dimerization domain has been shown to consist of the first 44 amino-terminal residues(Newlon et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 1999; 6:222). As discussed below, similar portions of the amino acid sequences of other regulatory subunits are involved in dimerization and docking, each located near the N-terminal end of the regulatory subunit. Binding of cAMP to the R subunits leads to the release of active catalytic subunits for a broad spectrum of serine/threonine kinase activities, which are oriented toward selected substrates through the compartmentalization of PKA via its docking with AKAPs (Scott et al., J. Biol. Chem.1990; 265; 21561). Since the first AKAP, microtubule-associated protein-2, was characterized in 1984 (Lohmann et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 1984; 81:6723), more than 50 AKAPs that localize to various sub-cellular sites, including plasma membrane, actin cytoskeleton, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, have been identified with diverse structures in species ranging from yeast to humans (Wong and Scott, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004; 5:959). The AD of AKAPs for PKA is an amphipathic helix of 14-18 residues (Carr et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266:14188). The amino acid sequences of the AD are varied among individual AKAPs, with the binding affinities reported for RII dimers ranging from 2 to 90 nM (Alto et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003; 100:4445). AKAPs will only ELQG^WR^GLPHULF^5^VXEXQLWV^^)RU^KXPDQ^5,,Į^^WKH^$'^ELQGV^WR^D^K\GURSKRELF^VXUIDFH^IRUPHG^ by the 23 amino-terminal residues (Colledge and Scott, Trends Cell Biol.1999; 6:216). Thus, the dimerization domain and AKAP binding domain of human RIIĮ are both located within the same N-terminal 44 amino acid sequence (Newlon et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 1999; 6:222; Newlon et al., EMBO J.2001; 20:1651), which is termed the DDD herein. As described herein, the DDD of human PKA regulatory subunits and the AD of AKAP are used as a binding pair of linker modules for docking any two entities into a noncovalent complex, which could be further locked through the introduction of cysteine
190913.00401 residues into both the DDD and AD at strategic positions to facilitate the formation of disulfide bonds. Illustrated in FIGs. 10A-10D are schematics of four exemplary formats or models of the protein complex described herein. As exemplified in FIGs. 10A and 10B, the two light chains of one antibody (e.g., an anti-TAA antibody) are linked to two DDD sequences while another protein (e.g., a single chain anti-CD3 antibody) is linked to an AD sequence. Because the two DDD sequences would effect the spontaneous formation of a dimer, the two DDD-containing chains dimerize via the DDD sequences. The dimeric motif of DDD contained in the light chains creates a docking site for binding to the AD sequence contained in the other protein, thus facilitating a ready association of the two light chains and the other protein (anti-CD3 antibody in this particular example) to form a binary, trimeric complex having two antigen sites for one antigen (e.g., TAA) and one antigen site for another (e.g., CD3), a “2+1” format. Similarly, as exemplified in FIGs. 10C and 10D, the two heavy chains of one antibody (e.g., an anti-TAA antibody) are linked to (Fig. 10D) or inserted with (FIG. 10C) two DDD sequences while another protein (e.g., a single chain anti-CD3 antibody) is linked to an AD sequence. The dimeric motif of DDD contained in the heavy chains creates a docking site for binding to the AD sequence contained in the other protein, thus facilitating a ready association of the two heavy chains and the other protein (anti-CD3 antibody in this particular example), thereby also forming a binary, trimeric complex of the “2+1” format. This binding event can be stabilized with a subsequent reaction to covalently secure the two or three entities of the trimeric complex via disulfide bridges, which can occur very efficiently based on the principle of effective local concentration because the initial binding interactions should bring the reactive thiol groups placed onto both the DDD and AD into proximity (Chmura et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001; 98:8480) to ligate site- specifically. For example, as shown in FIG. 10B, the two linkers connecting each pair of light chain and DDD sequences is stabilized with a disulfide bond. Such one or more disulfide bonds can also be strategically placed between any two or more chains in the complex. Using various combinations of linkers, adaptor modules and precursors, a wide variety of constructs of different stoichiometry may be produced and used (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.7,550,143; 7,521,056; 7,534,866; 7,527,787 and 7,666,400). It was unexpected that all four formats in current disclosure can form functional binary, trimeric complexes despite multiple protein chains are conjugated together via
190913.00401 multiple dimerization and trimerization domains. Although two free DDD-fused molecules (for example, two Fab-DDD molecules or two interferon-DDD molecules) can dimerize and assemble with an AD-fused molecule (for example, a scFv-AD2 molecule) to form a stable structure when covalently linked with disulfide bonds, it was unpredictable whether two DDD moieties could dimerize correctly (intramolecularly dimerize, intermolecularly crosslink or both) when they are fused to two light chains or two heavy chains of one immunoglobulin molecule. As disclosed herein, it was unexpected that, without the addition of AD-linked scFv, both IgG monomer and covalently linked IgG dimer or multimer formed in Formats A and D as shown in FIGs.11A and 11D. Moreover, without the addition of AD- linked scFv, some IgG monomer and most noncovalently linked dimeric IgG aggregate formed in Formats B and C, as detected by HPLC (data not shown). On the other hand, without the addition of DDD-linked IgG, the AD-linked scFv formed into both monomer and covalently linked dimer when it was produced alone (FIGs.11A-11D). It is indeed surprising when both AD-linked scFv and DDD-linked IgG were co-produced in one cell, they mostly assembled to form a stable monomer of IgG-scFv with minimal amount of dimer (FIGs.11A- 11D) or low amount of aggregate. For Formats A and B, it was surprising to find that linking the third protein (e.g., a single chain anti-CD3 antibody) to the light chains via the DDD/AD trimer does not interfere with the assembly of the two heavy-light chain pairs and functions. For Format C, it was surprising to find that inserting a sequence (e.g., DDD sequence) in the hinge region or a flanking region does not prevent formation of the two heavy-light chain pairs and functions. It was also unexpected that DDDs inserted in the two heavy chains can still dimerize despite space constrains and dock with an AD sequence to form a trimer. As to Format D, it was unexpected that formation of a DDD/AD trimer at the C-termini of the heavy chains does not interfere with the function of the Fc regions. Among the four Formats of complexes, Format C was a design with the highest unpredictability due to potential space constrains and unpredictable effects on the DDD dimerization, DDD-AD interaction, and the structure/function of IgG molecules when two DDD moieties were inserted into the flexible hinge region. However, it unexpectedly turned out that this format generated the best products in quality, purity, yield, and bioactivity. In addition, by attaching the DDD and AD away from the functional groups of the first and second moieties, such site-specific ligations are expected to preserve the original activities of the two moieties. This approach is modular in nature and can be applied to link,
190913.00401 site-specifically and covalently, a wide range of substances, including peptides, proteins, antibodies, antibody fragments, nucleic acid, chemicals, and other effector or targeting moieties with a wide range of activities. Utilizing the fusion protein method of constructing AD and DDD conjugated effector or targeting moieties described in the Examples below, virtually any protein or peptide may be incorporated. However, the technique is not limiting, and other methods of conjugation may be utilized. A variety of methods are known for making fusion proteins, including nucleic acid synthesis, hybridization and/or amplification to produce a synthetic double-stranded nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein of interest. Such double-stranded nucleic acids may be inserted into expression vectors for fusion protein production by standard molecular biology techniques. For additional guidance, skilled artisans may consult Frederick M. Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, 2003; and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual," Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2001). In preferred embodiments, the AD and/or DDD moiety may be attached to either the N-terminal end or C-terminal end or in the middle of an effector or targeting protein or peptide. However, the skilled artisan will realize that the site of attachment of an AD or DDD moiety to an effector moiety may vary, depending on the chemical nature of the effector moiety and the part(s) of the effector or targeting moiety involved in its physiological activity. Site-specific attachment of a variety of effector or targeting moieties may be performed using techniques known in the art, such as the use of bivalent cross-linking reagents and/or other chemical conjugation techniques. Various AD or DDD sequences may be used. Exemplary DDD and AD sequences include those described in US 9315567, and their functional variants. Name Sequence SEQ ID NO
190913.00401 The structure-function relationships of the AD and DDD domains have been the subject of investigation. See, e.g., Burns-Hamuro et al., 2005, Protein Sci 14:2982-92; Carr et al., 2001, J Biol Chem 276:17332-38; Alto et al., 2003, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4445-50; Hundsrucker et al., 2006, Biochem J 396:297-306; Stokka et al., 2006, Biochem J 400:493-99; Gold et al., 2006, Mol Cell 24:383-95; Kinderman et al., 2006, Mol Cell 24:397-408. The contents of these publications are incorporated herein by reference. Kinderman et al. (2006, Mol Cell 24:397-408) examined the crystal structure of the AD-DDD binding interaction and concluded that the human DDD sequence contained a number of conserved amino acid residues that were important in either dimer formation or AKAP binding, underlined in the sequence below. (See also FIG. 1 of Kinderman et al., 2006, incorporated herein by reference.) The skilled artisan will realize that in designing sequence variants of the DDD sequence, one would desirably avoid changing any of the underlined residues, while conservative amino acid substitutions might be made for residues that are less critical for dimerization and AKAP binding. SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO:_77) As discussed in more detail below, conservative amino acid substitutions have been characterized for each of the twenty common L-amino acids. Thus, based on the data of Kinderman (2006) and conservative amino acid substitutions, potential alternative DDD sequences can be created based on the above sequence. The skilled artisan will realize that many other alternative species within the genus of DDD moieties can be constructed by standard techniques, for example using a commercial peptide synthesizer or well-known site- directed mutagenesis techniques. Listed below are some exemplary DDD variants. THIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 78) SKIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 79) SRIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 80) SHINIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 81) SHIQIPPALTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 82) SHIQIPPGLSELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 83) SHIQIPPGLTDLLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 84) SHIQIPPGLTELLNGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 85) SHIQIPPGLTELLQAYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 86) SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYSVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFIRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 87) SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVDVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 88) SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLKQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 89) SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRNQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 90) SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQNPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 91)
190913.00401 SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPELVEFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 92) SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVDFAVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 93) ID
SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFVVEYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 96) SHIQEPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVDYFTRLREARA (SEQ ID NO: 97) The N-terminal dimeric structure RI^ 5,,Į^ ^^–44) can be subdivided into two functional regions: the first 23 residues, which form the AD binding surface (docking domain), and residues 24–44, which encompass the bulk of the dimer contacts (dimerization domain) (Newlon et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 1999; 6:222). If this N-WHUPLQDO^PRWLI^RI^5,,Į^ LV^ inserted into two self-dimerized heavy chains of immunoglobulin, it is possible that, without the dimerization domain, the docking domain (DD, at least amino acids 1-23: SHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQ, SEQ ID NO. 98) alone may still bind with an AD-fused moiety. Accordingly, in some embodiments, only the docking motif or its functional variant is used to form the complex or fusion protein described herein. The effect of the amino acid substitutions on AD moiety binding may also be readily determined by standard binding assays, for example as disclosed in Alto et al. (2003, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4445-50). Specifically, Alto et al. performed a bioinformatic analysis of the AD sequence of various AKAP proteins to design a RII selective AD sequence called AKAP-IS (SEQ ID NO: 75), with a binding constant for DDD of 0.4 nM. The AKAP-IS sequence was designed as a peptide antagonist of AKAP binding to PKA. Residues in the AKAP-IS sequence where substitutions tended to decrease binding to DDD are underlined in the sequence below. QIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQA (SEQ ID NO: 75) QIEYVAKQIVDYAIHQA (SEQ ID NO: 99) The skilled artisan will realize that in designing sequence variants of the AD sequence, one would desirably avoid changing any of the underlined residues, while conservative amino acid substitutions might be made for residues that are less critical for DDD binding. The skilled artisan will also realize many other variant species within the genus of possible AD moiety sequences could be made, tested and used by the skilled artisan, based on the data of Alto et al. (2003). It is also noted that Gold et al. (2006, Mal Cell 24:383-95) utilized crystallography and peptide screening to develop a SuperAKAP-IS sequence (SEQ ID NO: 99), exhibiting a five order of magnitude higher selectivity for the RII isoform of PKA compared with the RI isoform. It is contemplated that in certain alternative
190913.00401 embodiments, the SuperAKAP-IS sequence may be substituted for the AKAP-IS AD moiety sequence to construct any of four Formats of complexes in FIGs.10A-10D. Both AKAP-IS and SuperAKAP-IS and their variants represent synthetic RII subunit-binding peptides with more listed in US 9315567. Additional DDD-binding sequences were discovered from a variety of AKAP proteins or developed as peptide competitors of AKAP binding to PKA. The sequences of various AKAP antagonistic peptides are provided in Table 1 of Hundsrucker et al (2006, Biochem J396:297-306). Amongst the AKAPs WKDW^ELQG^5,,Į^VXEXQLWV^ZLWK^KLJK^DIILQLW\^ LV^$.$3^į^ (or $.$3^^į^^^7KH^.G^YDOXHV^IRU^WKH^ELQGLQJ^RI^$.$3^į^WR^5,,Į^DQG^5,,ȕ^VXEXQLWV^DUH^^^^ and 20 nM respectively. A WUXQFDWHG^$.$3^į^PXWDQW^FRQVLVWLQJ^RI^DPLQR^DFLG^UHVLGXHV^^^^– 353 ELQGV^ ERWK^ 5,,Į^ DQG^ 5,,ȕ subunits of PKA with higher affinity than the full-length protein (9 and 4 nM respectively) (Henn et al, J. Biol. Chem (2004). 279, 26654–26665). )URP^ WKH^$.$3^į^5,,-binding domain, Hundsrucker et al. (2006, Biochem J396:297-306) identified a 25 amino acid peptide that binds RII subunits with higher affinity (Kd =0.4 nM) than the full-length protein, the N-terminally truncated mutant (as described above), and peptides derived from other AKAPs. The 25 amino acid peptide was designated as AKAP7į- wt-pep (SEQ ID 100). Single amino acid substitutions introducing polar or charged amino acid residues (such as SHSWLGHV^$.$3^į-L314E-SHS^DQG^$.$3^į-L304T-pep, SEQ ID NOs 101-102) did not change the affinity of AKAP7į-derived peptides with humaQ^5,,Į^VXEXQLWV^ significantly. The skilled artisan will realize that additional variant peptides within RII- binding domain of $.$3^į could be made, tested and used by a skilled artisan, based on the data of Hundsrucker et al. (2006, Biochem J396:297-306). The KXPDQ^ $.$3^į-derived peptides provide a valuable substitution to synthetic AKAP-IS or SuperAKAP-IS or their variant peptides (such as AD2) in clincal application, it is the first time in current invention to link $.$3^į-derived peptides (such as AD7) to an unrelated protein that successfully formed a stable complex with another DDD-fused protein. CGPDDAELVRLSKRLVENAVLKAVQQYGC (SEQ ID NO: 46) PEDAELVRLSKRLVENAVLKAVQQY (SEQ ID NO: 100) PEDAELVRTSKRLVENAVLKAVQQY (SEQ ID NO: 101) PEDAELVRLSKRLVENAVEKAVQQY (SEQ ID NO: 102) As with the AD2 sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, the AD moiety may also include the additional N-terminal residues cysteine and glycine and C-terminal residues glycine and cysteine.
190913.00401 Linkers The above-mentioned AD or DDD domain as well as others as disclosed herein can be joined to another protein by means of linkers, such as, but not limited to chemical modification, peptide linkers, chemical linkers, covalent or non-covalent bonds, or protein fusion or by any means known to one skilled in the art. The joining can be permanent or reversible. See for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4625014, 5057301 and 5514363, US Application Nos. 20150182596 and 20100063258, and WO2012142515, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. In some embodiments, several linkers can be included in order to take advantage of desired properties of each linker and each protein domain in the conjugate. For example, flexible linkers and linkers that increase the solubility of the complex are contemplated for use alone or with other linkers. Peptide linkers can be linked by expressing DNA encoding the linker to one or more protein domains in the conjugate. Linkers can be acid cleavable, photocleavable and heat sensitive linkers. Methods for conjugation are well known by persons skilled in the art and are encompassed for use in the present invention. Suitable examples of the linkers include peptides, polymers, nucleotides, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipid organic species (such as polyethylene glycol). In some embodiments, the linker is a peptide linker. Peptide linkers may be from about 2-100, 10-50, or 15-30 amino acids long. In some embodiments, peptide linkers may be at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 amino acids long and no more than 80, no more than 90, or no more than 100 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the linker is a peptide linker that has a single or repeating GGGGS, GGGS, GS, GSGGS, GGSG, GGSGG, GSGSG, GSGGG, GGGSG, and/or GSSSG sequence(s) (SEQ ID NOs: 103-112). In some embodiments, the AD or DDD domain and another protein domain can be joined by a peptide linker. Peptide linkers can be linked by expressing nucleic acid encoding in frame the two domains and the linker. Optionally the linker peptide can be joined at either or both of the amino terminus and carboxy terminus of the domains. In some examples, a linker is an immunoglobulin hinge region linker as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,165,476, 5,856,456, US Application Nos. 20150182596 and 2010/0063258 and International Application WO2012/142515, each of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Anti-TROP2 Antibodies and Anti-HER2 Antibodies
190913.00401 The disclosure provides novel anti-TROP2 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof. Trop2 is also known as tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, trophoblast antigen 2, cell surface glycoprotein Trop-2/Trop2, gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen GA7331, pancreatic carcinoma marker protein GA733-1/GA733, membrane component chromosome 1 surface marker 1 M1S1, epithelial glycoprotein-1 (EGP-1), CAA1, Gelatinous Drop-Like Corneal Dystrophy GDLD, and TTD2. It is coded by the gene Tacstd2 and the TACSTD2 gene in human. This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen, which is a member of a family including at least two type I membrane proteins. It transduces an intracellular calcium signal and acts as a cell surface receptor. Mutations of this gene result in conditions including gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe corneal amyloidosis leading to blindness. The transmembrane glycoprotein Trop2 is highly expressed in many cancers, but not all, and has differential expression in certain normal tissues. It is about 35 kDa. Trop2 spans the cellular membrane: it has an extracellular, a transmembrane, and an intracellular domain, along with a cytoplasmic tail essential for signaling (Shvartsur et al., Genes Cancer.2015 Mar; 6(3-4): 84–105.). Trop-2 is upregulated in many cancer types independent of baseline levels of Trop-2 expression. Trop-2 is an ideal candidate for targeted therapeutics due to it being a transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain overexpressed on a wide variety of tumors as well as its upregulated expression relative to normal cells. Zaman et al. Onco Targets Ther.2019; 12: 1781–1790. The anti-TROP2 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can be used to treat multiple cancers and tumor types. Examples include, but not limited to, breast cancer (e.g., triple-negative breast cancer), urothelial cancer (e.g., platinum-resistant urothelial cancer), and lung cancer (e.g., small-cell lung cancer). Shown in Example 3 and Table 2 below are CDR sequences, light chain variable region sequences, and heavy chain variable region sequences of an exemplary anti-TROP2 antibody L0125 and its humanized version hL0125. The antibodies may be used to treat and protect a subject prophylactically and therapeutically against a tumor or cancer. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: three heavy chain complementarity determining regions (HCDRs) (HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3) of a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, such as SEQ ID Nos: 43-35 as shown in Table 2; and three light chain CDRs (LCDRs)
190913.00401 (LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3) of a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, such as SEQ ID Nos: 40-42 as shown in Table 2. Protein for VL of hL0125 (sequence ID NO.47) DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGERVTMTCRASSSVSSSYLHWYQQRSGQSPKLLIYSTSNLASGVPAR FSGSGSGTDYSLTISSLEAEDAATYYCQQYSGSPLTFGSGTKLEIKR Protein for VH of hL0125 (sequence ID NO.48) QVQLQESGGGLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQTPDKRLEWVAEISSDGFYTYYPD TVTGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMSSLRSEDTAMYYCARDGNYVDYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSS In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 or 10 or having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 or 10; and a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 or 49 or 12 or having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 or 49 or 12. In some embodiments, an antibody or an antigen-binding portion/fragment that binds to HER2 is used as the targeting moiety or the effector moiety in the protein complex described herein. Various anti-HER2 antibodies are known in the art. Such an anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding portion/fragment can be used in the protein complex. In some embodiments, the anti-HER2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 of a heavy chain region having an amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 14, such as SEQ ID Nos: 24-26 as shown Table 3; and LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 of a light chain region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, such as SEQ ID Nos: 21-23 as shown in Table 3. In some embodiments, the anti-HER2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; and a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence with at least 75% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 or having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
190913.00401 In some embodiments, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof further comprises a variant Fc region (e.g., a variant Fc region containing E233P/L234V, L235A, G236del, and S267K substitutions according to the EU numbering). In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a humanized monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a single-chain antibody, a Fab or a Fab2 fragment. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be detectably labeled or conjugated to a toxin, a therapeutic agent, a polymer (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG)), a receptor, an enzyme or a receptor ligand. For example, an antibody of the present disclosure may be coupled to a toxin (e.g., a tetanus toxin). Such antibodies may be used to treat animals, including humans, that have cancer. In another example, an antibody of the present disclosure may be coupled to a detectable tag. Such antibodies may be used within diagnostic assays to determine if an animal, such as a human, has a cancer associated with TROP2 expression. Examples of detectable tags include fluorescent proteins (i.e., green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, yellow fluorescent protein), fluorescent markers (i.e., fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, texas red), radiolabels (i.e., 3H, 32P, 125I), enzymes (i.e.^^ ȕ-galactosidase, horVHUDGLVK^SHUR[LGDVH^^ȕ-glucuronidase, alkaline phosphatase), or an affinity tag (i.e., avidin, biotin, streptavidin). Methods to couple antibodies to a detectable tag are known in the art. Harlow et al., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, page 319 (Cold Spring Harbor Pub.1988). Fragment In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein is an antibody fragment. Antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab')2, Fv, and single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments, and other fragments described below, e.g., diabodies, triabodies tetrabodies, and single-domain antibodies. For a review of certain antibody fragments, see Hudson et al., Nat. Med. 9:129-134 (2003). For a review of scFv fragments, see, e.g., Pluckthun, in The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds., (Springer-Verlag, New York), pp. 269-315 (1994); see also WO 93/16185; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,571,894 and 5,587,458. For discussion of Fab and F(ab')2 fragments comprising salvage receptor binding epitope residues and having increased in vivo half-life, see U.S. Pat. No.5,869,046.
190913.00401 Diabodies are antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites that may be bivalent or bispecific. See, for example, EP 404,097; WO 1993/01161; Hudson et al., Nat. Med. 9:129-134 (2003); and Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448 (1993). Triabodies and tetrabodies are also described in Hudson et al., Nat. Med.9:129-134 (2003). Single-domain antibodies are antibody fragments comprising all or a portion of the heavy chain variable domain or all or a portion of the light chain variable domain of an antibody. In some embodiments, a single-domain antibody is a human single-domain antibody (DOMANTIS, Inc., Waltham, Mass.; see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.6,248,516). Antibody fragments can be made by various techniques, including but not limited to proteolytic digestion of an intact antibody as well as production by recombinant host cells (e.g., E. coli or phage), as described herein. Chimeric and Humanized Antibodies In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein is a chimeric antibody. Certain chimeric antibodies are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6851-6855 (1984)). In one example, a chimeric antibody comprises a non-human variable region (e.g., a variable region derived from a mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, or non-human primate, such as a monkey) and a human constant region. In a further example, a chimeric antibody is a “class switched” antibody in which the class or subclass has been changed from that of the parent antibody. Chimeric antibodies include antigen-binding fragments thereof. In some embodiments, a chimeric antibody is a humanized antibody. Typically, a non-human antibody is humanized to reduce immunogenicity to humans, while retaining the specificity and affinity of the parental non-human antibody. Generally, a humanized antibody comprises one or more variable domains in which HVRs, e.g., CDRs, (or portions thereof) are derived from a non-human antibody, and FRs (or portions thereof) are derived from human antibody sequences. A humanized antibody optionally will also comprise at least a portion of a human constant region. In some embodiments, some FR residues in a humanized antibody are substituted with corresponding residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., the antibody from which the HVR residues are derived), e.g., to restore or improve antibody specificity or affinity. Humanized antibodies and methods of making them are reviewed, e.g., in Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13:1619-1633 (2008), and are further described, e.g., in Riechmann et al., Nature 332:323-329 (1988); Queen et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA
190913.00401 86:10029-10033 (1989); U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,821,337, 7,527,791, 6,982,321, and 7,087,409; Kashmiri et al., Methods 36:25-34 (2005) (describing specificity determining region (SDR) grafting); Padlan, Mol. Immunol. 28:489-498 (1991) (describing “resurfacing”); Dall'Acqua et al., Methods 36:43-60 (2005) (describing “FR shuffling”); and Osbourn et al., Methods 36:61-68 (2005) and Klimka et al., Br. J. Cancer, 83:252-260 (2000) (describing the “guided selection” approach to FR shuffling). Human framework regions that may be used for humanization include but are not limited to: framework regions selected using the “best-fit” method (see, e.g., Sims et al. J. Immunol. 151:2296 (1993)); framework regions derived from the consensus sequence of human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chain variable regions (see, e.g., Carter et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:4285 (1992); and Presta et al. J. Immunol., 151:2623 (1993)); human mature (somatically mutated) framework regions or human germline framework regions (see, e.g., Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13:1619-1633 (2008)); and framework regions derived from screening FR libraries (see, e.g., Baca et al., J. Biol. Chem. 272:10678-10684 (1997) and Rosok et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:22611-22618 (1996)). Human Antibodies In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein is a human antibody. Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art or using techniques described herein. Human antibodies are described generally in van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5: 368-74 (2001) and Lonberg, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20:450-459 (2008). Human antibodies may be prepared by administering an immunogen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce intact human antibodies or intact antibodies with human variable regions in response to antigenic challenge. Such animals typically contain all or a portion of the human immunoglobulin loci, which replace the endogenous immunoglobulin loci, or which are present extrachromosomally or integrated randomly into the animal's chromosomes. In such transgenic mice, the endogenous immunoglobulin loci have generally been inactivated. For review of methods for obtaining human antibodies from transgenic animals, see Lonberg, Nat. Biotech.23:1117-1125 (2005). See also, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 describing XENOMOUSE technology; U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,429 describing HUMAB technology; U.S. Pat. No.7,041,870 describing K-M MOUSE technology, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007/0061900, describing
190913.00401 VELOCIMOUSE technology). Human variable regions from intact antibodies generated by such animals may be further modified, e.g., by combining with a different human constant region. Human antibodies can also be made by hybridoma-based methods. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies have been described. (See, e.g., Kozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987); and Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991).) Human antibodies generated via human B-cell hybridoma technology are also described in Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103:3557-3562 (2006). Additional methods include those described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,189,826 (describing production of monoclonal human IgM antibodies from hybridoma cell lines) and Ni, Xiandai Mianyixue, 26(4):265-268 (2006) (describing human-human hybridomas). Human hybridoma technology (Trioma technology) is also described in Vollmers and Brandlein, Histology and Histopathology, 20(3):927-937 (2005) and Vollmers and Brandlein, Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27(3):185-91 (2005). Human antibodies may also be generated by isolating Fv clone with variable domain sequences selected from human-derived phage display libraries. Such variable domain sequences may then be combined with a desired human constant domain. Techniques for selecting human antibodies from antibody libraries are described below. Antibodies of the disclosure may be isolated by screening combinatorial libraries for antibodies with the desired activity or activities. For example, a variety of methods are known in the art for generating phage display libraries and screening such libraries for antibodies possessing the desired binding characteristics. Such methods are reviewed, e.g., in Hoogenboom et al., in Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, N.J., 2001) and further described, e.g., in the McCafferty et al., Nature 348:552-554; Clackson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597 (1992); Marks and Bradbury, in Methods in Molecular Biology 248:161-175 (Lo, ed., Human Press, Totowa, N.J., 2003); Sidhu et al., J. Mol. Biol. 338(2): 299-310 (2004); Lee et al., J. Mol. Biol. 340(5): 1073-1093 (2004); Fellouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101(34): 12467-12472 (2004); and Lee et al., J. Immunol. Methods 284(1-2): 119-132 (2004).
190913.00401 In certain phage display methods, repertoires of VH and VL genes are separately cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and recombined randomly in phage libraries, which can then be screened for antigen-binding phage as described in Winter et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 12: 433-455 (1994). Phage typically display antibody fragments, either as scFv fragments or as Fab fragments. Libraries from immunized sources provide high-affinity antibodies to the immunogen without the requirement of constructing hybridomas. Alternatively, the naive repertoire can be cloned (e.g., from human) to provide a single source of antibodies to a wide range of non-self and also self-antigens without any immunization as described by Griffiths et al., EMBO J, 12: 725-734 (1993). Finally, naive libraries can also be made synthetically by cloning unrearranged V-gene segments from stem cells and using PCR primers containing random sequence to encode the highly variable CDR3 regions and to accomplish rearrangement in vitro, as described by Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381-388 (1992). Patent publications describing human antibody phage libraries include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,373, and US Patent Publication Nos. 2005/0079574, 2005/0119455, 2005/0266000, 2007/0117126, 2007/0160598, 2007/0237764, 2007/0292936, and 2009/0002360. Antibodies or antibody fragments isolated from human antibody libraries are considered human antibodies or human antibody fragments herein. Variants In some embodiments, amino acid sequence variants of the antibodies and any components of the above-described protein complex are contemplated. The components can be any of the immunoglobulin chains, targeting moiety/agent, effector moiety/agent, DDD moiety, and AD moiety. Accordingly, the protein complexes and the fusion proteins disclosed herein include those having one or more variants of the components. For example, it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and/or other biological properties of the antibody. Amino acid sequence variants of an antibody may be prepared by introducing appropriate modifications into the nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody, or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, deletions from, and/or insertions into and/or substitutions of residues within the amino acid sequences of the antibody. Any combination of deletion, insertion, and substitution can be made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics, e.g., antigen binding. Substitution, Insertion, and Deletion Variants
190913.00401 In some embodiments, antibody variants having one or more amino acid substitutions are provided. Sites of interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the HVRs and FRs. Conservative substitutions are defined herein. Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into an antibody of interest and the products screened for a desired activity, e.g., retained/improved antigen binding, decreased immunogenicity, or improved antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Accordingly, an antibody of the disclosure can comprise one or more conservative modifications of the CDRs, heavy chain variable region, or light variable regions described herein. A conservative modification or functional equivalent of a peptide, polypeptide, or protein disclosed in this disclosure refers to a polypeptide derivative of the peptide, polypeptide, or protein, e.g., a protein having one or more point mutations, insertions, deletions, truncations, a fusion protein, or a combination thereof. It substantially retains the activity of the parent peptide, polypeptide, or protein (such as those disclosed in this disclosure). In general, a conservative modification or functional equivalent is at least 60% (e.g., any number between 60% and 100%, inclusive, e.g., 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, and 99%) identical to a parent. Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure are heavy chain variable region or light variable regions having one or more point mutations, insertions, deletions, truncations, a fusion protein, or a combination thereof, as well as antibodies having the variant regions. As used herein, the percent homology between two amino acid sequences is equivalent to the percent identity between the two sequences. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences (i.e., % homology=# of identical positions/total # of positions x 100), taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap, which need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The comparison of sequences and determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm, as described in the non-limiting examples below. The percent identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller (Comput. Appl. Biosci., 4:11-17 (1988)) which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0), using a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4. In addition, the percent identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch (J.
190913.00401 Mol. Biol. 48:444-453 (1970)) algorithm which has been incorporated into the GAP program in the GCG software package (available at www.gcg.com), using either a Blossum 62 matrix or a PAM250 matrix, and a gap weight of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, or 4 and a length weight of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Additionally or alternatively, the protein sequences of the present disclosure can further be used as a “query sequence” to perform a search against public databases to, for example, identify related sequences. Such searches can be performed using the XBLAST program (version 2.0) of Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-10. BLAST protein searches can be performed with the XBLAST program, score=50, wordlength=3 to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to the antibody molecules of this disclosure. To obtain gapped alignments for comparison purposes, Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25(17):3389-3402. When utilizing BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, the default parameters of the respective programs (e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST) can be used. (See www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). An exemplary substitutional variant is an affinity matured antibody, which may be conveniently generated, e.g., using phage display-based affinity maturation techniques such as those described in, e.g., Hoogenboom et al., in Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, N.J., (2001). Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue. Other insertional variants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (e.g., for ADEPT) or a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods and compositions may involve production and use of proteins or peptides with one or more substituted amino acid residues. For example, the DDD and/or AD sequence variants have been discussed above. The skilled artisan will be aware that, in general, amino acid substitutions typically involve the replacement of an amino acid with another amino acid of relatively similar properties (i.e., conservative amino acid substitutions). The properties of the various amino acids and effect of amino acid substitution on protein structure and function have been the subject of extensive study and knowledge in the art.
190913.00401 For example, the hydropathic index of amino acids may be considered (Kyte & Doolittle, 1982, J. Mol. Biol., 157:105-132). The relative hydropathic character of the amino acid contributes to the secondary structure of the resultant protein, which in turn defines the interaction of the protein with other molecules. Each amino acid has been assigned a hydropathic index on the basis of its hydrophobicity and charge characteristics (Kyte & Doolittle, 1982), these are: isoleucine (+4.5); valine (+4.2); leucine (+3.8); phenylalanine (+2.8); cysteine/cystine (+2.5); methionine (+1.9); alanine (+1.8); glycine (-0.4); threonine (- 0.7); serine (-0.8); tryptophan (-0.9); tyrosine (-1.3); proline (-1.6); histidine (-3.2); glutamate (-3.5); glutamine (-3.5); aspartate (-3.5); asparagine (-3.5); lysine (-3.9); and arginine (-4.5). In making conservative substitutions, the use of amino acids whose hydropathic indices are within .+-.2 is preferred, within .+-.1 are more preferred, and within .+-.0.5 are even more preferred. Amino acid substitution may also take into account the hydrophilicity of the amino acid residue (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,554,101). Hydrophilicity values have been assigned to amino acid residues: arginine (+3.0); lysine (+3.0); aspartate (+3.0); glutamate (+3.0); serine (+0.3); asparagine (+0.2); glutamine (+0.2); glycine (0); threonine (-0.4); proline (-0.5.+- .0.1); alanine (-0.5); histidine (-0.5); cysteine (-1.0); methionine (-1.3); valine (-1.5); leucine (-1.8); isoleucine (-1.8); tyrosine (-2.3); phenylalanine (-2.5); tryptophan (-3.4). Replacement of amino acids with others of similar hydrophilicity is preferred. Other considerations include the size of the amino acid side chain. For example, it would generally not be preferred to replace an amino acid with a compact side chain, such as glycine or serine, with an amino acid with a bulky side chain, e.g., tryptophan or tyrosine. The effect of various amino acid residues on protein secondary structure is also a consideration. Through empirical study, the effect of different amino acid residues on the tendency of protein domains to adopt an alpha-helical, beta-sheet or reverse turn secondary structure has been determined and is known in the art (see, e.g., Chou & Fasman, 1974, Biochemistry, 13:222-245; 1978, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 47: 251-276; 1979, Biophys. J., 26:367-384). Based on such considerations and extensive empirical study, tables of conservative amino acid substitutions have been constructed and are known in the art. For example: arginine and lysine; glutamate and aspartate; serine and threonine; glutamine and asparagine; and valine, leucine and isoleucine. Alternatively: Ala (A) leu, ile, vat; Arg (R) gln, asn, lys; Asn (N) his, asp, lys, arg, gln; Asp (D) asn, glu; Cys (C) ala, ser; Gln (q) glu, asn; Glu (E)
190913.00401 gln, asp; Gly (G) ala; H is (H) asn, gln, lys, arg; Ile (I) val, met, ala, phe, leu; Leu (L) val, met, ala, phe, ile; Lys (K) gln, asn, arg; Met (M) phe, ile, leu; Phe (F) leu, val, ile, ala, tyr; Pro (P) ala; Ser (S), thr; Thr (T) ser; Trp (W) phe, tyr; Tyr (Y) trp, phe, thr, ser; Val (V) ile, leu, met, phe, ala. Other considerations for amino acid substitutions include whether or not the residue is located in the interior of a protein or is solvent exposed. For interior residues, conservative substitutions would include: Asp and Asn; Ser and Thr; Ser and Ala; Thr and Ala; Ala and Gly; Ile and Val; Val and Leu; Leu and Ile; Leu and Met; Phe and Tyr; Tyr and Trp. (See, e.g., PROWL website at rockefeller.edu) For solvent exposed residues, conservative substitutions would include: Asp and Asn; Asp and Glu; Glu and Gln; Glu and Ala; Gly and Asn; Ala and Pro; Ala and Gly; Ala and Ser; Ala and Lys; Ser and Thr; Lys and Arg; Val and Leu; Leu and Ile; Ile and Val; Phe and Tyr. (Id.) Various matrices have been constructed to assist in selection of amino acid substitutions, such as the PAM250 scoring matrix, Dayhoff matrix, Grantham matrix, McLachlan matrix, Doolittle matrix, Henikoff matrix, Miyata matrix, Fitch matrix, Jones matrix, Rao matrix, Levin matrix and Risler matrix (Idem.) In determining amino acid substitutions, one may also consider the existence of intermolecular or intramolecular bonds, such as formation of ionic bonds (salt bridges) between positively charged residues (e.g., His, Arg, Lys) and negatively charged residues (e.g., Asp, Glu) or disulfide bonds between nearby cysteine residues. Methods of substituting any amino acid for any other amino acid in an encoded protein sequence are well known and a matter of routine experimentation for the skilled artisan, for example by the technique of site-directed mutagenesis or by synthesis and assembly of oligonucleotides encoding an amino acid substitution and splicing into an expression vector construct. Glycosylation Variants In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein is altered to increase or decrease the extent to which the antibody is glycosylated. Addition or deletion of glycosylation sites to an antibody may be conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such that one or more glycosylation sites are created or removed. For example, an aglycoslated antibody can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks glycosylation). Glycosylation can be altered to, for example, increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen. Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more sites of glycosylation within the antibody sequence. For example, one
190913.00401 or more amino acid substitutions can be made that result in elimination of one or more variable region framework glycosylation sites to thereby eliminate glycosylation at that site. Such aglycosylation may increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen. Such an approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos.5,714,350 and 6,350,861 by Co et al. Glycosylation of the constant region on N297 may be prevented by mutating the N297 residue to another residue, e.g., N297A, and/or by mutating an adjacent amino acid, e.g., 298 to thereby reduce glycosylation on N297. Additionally or alternatively, an antibody can be made that has an altered type of glycosylation, such as a hypofucosylated antibody having reduced amounts of fucosyl residues or an antibody having increased bisecting GlcNac structures. Such altered glycosylation patterns have been demonstrated to increase the ADCC ability of antibodies. Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, expressing the antibody in a host cell with altered glycosylation machinery. Cells with altered glycosylation machinery have been described in the art and can be used as host cells in which to express recombinant antibodies described herein to thereby produce an antibody with altered glycosylation. For example, EP 1,176,195 by Hanai et al. describes a cell line with a functionally disrupted FUT8 gene, which encodes a fucosyltransferase, such that antibodies expressed in such a cell line exhibit hypofucosylation. PCT Publication WO 03/035835 by Presta describes a variant Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, Led 3 cells, with reduced ability to attach fucose to Asn(297)-linked carbohydrates, also resulting in hypofucosylation of antibodies expressed in that host cell (see also Shields, R.L. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:26733-26740). PCT Publication WO 99/54342 by Umana et al. describes cell lines engineered to express glycoprotein-modifying glycosyltransferases (e.g., beta(l,4)-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnTIII)) such that antibodies expressed in the engineered cell lines exhibit increased bisecting GlcNac structures which result in increased ADCC activity of the antibodies (see also Umana et al. (1999) Nat. Biotech.17: 176-180). Fc Region Variants The variable regions of the antibody described herein can be linked (e.g., covalently linked or fused) to an Fc, e.g., an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 Fc, which may be of any allotype or isoallotype, e.g., for IgG1: Glm, Glml(a), Glm2(x), Glm3(f), Glml7(z); for IgG2: G2m, G2m23(n); for IgG3: G3m, G3m21(gl), G3m28(g5), G3ml l(b0), G3m5(bl), G3ml3(b3), G3ml4(b4), G3ml0(b5), G3ml5(s), G3ml6(t), G3m6(c3), G3m24(c5), G3m26(u), G3m27(v); and for K: Km, Kml, Km2, Km3 (see, e.g., Jefferies et al. (2009) mAbs 1: 1). In some
190913.00401 embodiments, the antibodies variable regions described herein are linked to an Fc that binds WR^RQH^RU^PRUH^DFWLYDWLQJ^)F^UHFHSWRUV^^)FȖ,^^)FȖOOD^RU^)FȖ,,,D^^^DQG^WKHUHE\^VWLPXODWH^$'&&^ and may cause T cell depletion. In some embodiments, the antibody variable regions described herein are linked to an Fc that causes depletion. In some embodiments, the antibody variable regions described herein may be linked to an Fc comprising one or more modifications, typically to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and/or antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an antibody described herein may be chemically modified (e.g., one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody) or be modified to alter its glycosylation, to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody. The numbering of residues in the Fc region is that of the EU index of Kabat. The Fc region encompasses domains derived from the constant region of an immunoglobulin, preferably a human immunoglobulin, including a fragment, analog, variant, mutant or derivative of the constant region. Suitable immunoglobulins include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and other classes such as IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM. The constant region of an immunoglobulin is defined as a naturally-occurring or synthetically-produced polypeptide homologous to the immunoglobulin C-terminal region and can include a CH1 domain, a hinge, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, or a CH4 domain, separately or in combination. The antibody can have an Fc region from that of IgG (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or other classes such as IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM. The constant region of an immunoglobulin is responsible for many important antibody functions, including Fc receptor (FcR) binding and complement fixation. There are five major classes of heavy chain constant region, classified as IgA, IgG, IgD, IgE, IgM, each with characteristic effector functions designated by isotype. For example, IgG is separated into four subclasses known as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. Ig molecules interact with multiple classes of cellular receptors. For example, IgG PROHFXOHV^ LQWHUDFW^ZLWK^ WKUHH^ FODVVHV^ RI^ )FȖ^ UHFHSWRUV^ ^)FȖ5^^ VSHFLILF^ IRU^ WKH^ ,J*^ FODVV^ RI^ DQWLERG\^^QDPHO\^)FȖ5,^^)FȖ5,,^^DQG^)FȖ5,,/^^ ^7KH^LPSRrtant sequences for the binding of ,J*^ WR^ WKH^)FȖ5^UHFHSWRUV^KDYH^EHHQ^ UHSRUWHG^ WR^EH^ ORFDWHG^ LQ^ WKH^&+^^DQG^&+^^GRPDLQV^^^ The serum half-life of an antibody is influenced by the ability of that antibody to bind to an FcRn. In some embodiments, the Fc region is a variant Fc region, e.g., an Fc sequence that has been modified (e.g., by amino acid substitution, deletion and/or insertion) relative to a
190913.00401 parent Fc sequence (e.g., an unmodified Fc polypeptide that is subsequently modified to generate a variant), to provide desirable structural features and/or biological activity. For example, one may make modifications in the Fc region in order to generate an Fc variant that (a) has increased or decreased ADCC, (b) increased or decreased CDC, (c) has increased or decreased affinity for Clq and/or (d) has increased or decreased affinity for an Fc receptor relative to the parent Fc. Such Fc region variants will generally comprise at least one amino acid modification in the Fc region. Combining amino acid modifications is thought to be particularly desirable. For example, the variant Fc region may include two, three, four, five, etc., substitutions therein, e.g., of the specific Fc region positions identified herein. A variant Fc region may also comprise a sequence alteration wherein amino acids involved in disulfide bond formation are removed or replaced with other amino acids. Such removal may avoid reaction with other cysteine-containing proteins present in the host cell used to produce the antibodies described herein. Even when cysteine residues are removed, single chain Fc domains can still form a dimeric Fc domain that is held together non- covalently. In other embodiments, the Fc region may be modified to make it more compatible with a selected host cell. For example, one may remove the PA sequence near the N-terminus of a typical native Fc region, which may be recognized by a digestive enzyme in E. coli, such as proline iminopeptidase. In other embodiments, one or more glycosylation sites within the Fc domain may be removed. Residues that are typically glycosylated (e.g., asparagine) may confer cytolytic response. Such residues may be deleted or substituted with unglycosylated residues (e.g., alanine). In other embodiments, sites involved in interaction with complement, such as the Clq binding site, may be removed from the Fc region. For example, one may delete or substitute the EKK sequence of human IgG1. In some embodiments, sites that affect binding to Fc receptors may be removed, preferably sites other than salvage receptor binding sites. In other embodiments, an Fc region may be modified to remove an ADCC site. ADCC sites are known in the art; see, for example, Molec. Immunol. 29 (5): 633-9 (1992) with regard to ADCC sites in IgG1. Specific examples of variant Fc domains are disclosed, for example, in WO 97/34631 and WO 96/32478. In one embodiment, the hinge region of Fc is modified such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is altered, e.g., increased or decreased. This approach is described further in U.S. Patent No. 5,677,425 by Bodmer et al. The number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of Fc is altered to, for example, facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody. In one embodiment,
190913.00401 the Fc hinge region of an antibody is mutated to decrease the biological half-life of the antibody. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2- CH3 domain interface region of the Fc-hinge fragment such that the antibody has impaired Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent No.6,165,745 by Ward et al. In yet other embodiments, the Fc region is altered by replacing at least one amino acid residue with a different amino acid residue to alter the effector function(s) of the antibody. For example, one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 234, 235, 236, 237, 297, 318, 320 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has an altered affinity for an effector ligand but retains the antigen-binding ability of the parent antibody. The effector ligand to which affinity is altered can be, for example, an Fc receptor or the CI component of complement. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos.5,624,821 and 5,648,260, both by Winter et al. In another example, one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 329, 331, and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has altered Clq binding and/or reduced or abolished CDC. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos.6,194,551 by Idusogie et al. In another example, one or more amino acid residues within amino acid positions 231 and 239 are altered to thereby alter the ability of the antibody to fix complement. This approach is described further in PCT Publication WO 94/29351 by Bodmer et al. In yet another example, the Fc region may be modified to increase ADCC and/or to LQFUHDVH^ WKH^ DIILQLW\^ IRU^ DQ^ )FȖ^ UHFHSWRU^ E\^ PRGLI\LQJ^ RQH^ RU^ PRUH^ DPLQR^ DFLGV^ DW^ WKH^ following positions: 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241 , 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 276, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 312, 313, 315, 320, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 340, 360, 373, 376, 378, 382, 388, 389, 398, 414, 416, 419, 430, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438 or 439. Exemplary substitutions include 236A, 239D, 239E, 268D, 267E, 268E, 268F, 324T, 332D, and 332E. Exemplary variants include 239D/332E, 236A/332E, 236A/239D/332E, 268F/324T, 267E/268F, 267E/324T, and 267E/268F7324T. Other modifications for HQKDQFLQJ^ )FȖ5^ DQG^ FRPSOHPHQW^ LQWHUDFWLRQV^ LQFOXGH^ EXW^ DUH^ QRW^ OLPLWHG^ WR^ VXEVWLWXWLRQV^ 298A, 333A, 334A, 326A, 247I, 339D, 339Q, 280H, 290S, 298D, 298V, 243L, 292P, 300L,
190913.00401 396L, 305I, and 396L. These and other modifications are reviewed in Strohl, 2009, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 20:685-691. )F^ PRGLILFDWLRQV^ WKDW^ LQFUHDVH^ ELQGLQJ^ WR^ DQ^ )FȖ^ UHFHSWRU^ LQFOXGH^ DPLQR^ DFLG^ modifications at any one or more of amino acid positions 238, 239, 248, 249, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 279, 280, 283, 285, 298, 289, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 301, 303, 305, 307, 312, 315, 324, 327, 329, 330, 335, 337, 3338, 340, 360, 373, 376, 379, 382, 388, 389, 398, 414, 416, 419, 430, 434, 435, 437, 438 or 439 of the Fc region, wherein the numbering of the residues in the Fc region is that of the EU index as in abat (WO00/42072). Other Fc modifications that can be made to Fcs are those for reducing or ablating binding to )FȖ5^ DQG^RU^ FRPSOHPHQW^ SUoteins, thereby reducing or ablating Fc-mediated effector functions such as ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and CDC. Exemplary modifications include but are not limited to substitutions, insertions, and deletions at positions 234, 235, 236, 237, 267, 269, 325, and 328, wherein numbering is according to the EU index. Exemplary substitutions include but are not limited to 234G, 235G, 236R, 237K, 267R, 269R, 325L, and 328R, wherein numbering is according to the EU LQGH[^^^$Q^)F^YDULDQW^PD\^FRPSULVH^^^^5^^^^5^^^2WKHU^PRGLILFDWLRQV^IRU^UHGXFLQJ^)FȖ5^DQG^ complement interactions include substitutions 297A, 234A, 235A, 237A, 318A, 228P, 236E, 268Q, 309L, 330S, 331S, 220S, 226S, 229S, 238S, 233P, and 234V, as well as removal of the glycosylation at position 297 by mutational or enzymatic means or by production in organisms such as bacteria that do not glycosylate proteins. These and other modifications are reviewed in Strohl, 2009, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 20:685-691. Optionally, the Fc region may comprise a non-naturally occurring amino acid residue at additional and/or alternative positions known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,624,821; 6,277,375; 6,737,056; 6,194,551; 7,317,091; 8,101,720; WO00/42072; WO01/58957; WO02/06919; WO04/016750; WO04/029207; WO04/035752; WO04/074455; WO04/099249; WO04/063351; WO05/070963; WO05/040217, WO05/092925 and WO06/020114). )F^YDULDQWV^WKDW^HQKDQFH^DIILQLW\^IRU^DQ^LQKLELWRU\^UHFHSWRU^)FȖ5,,E^PD\^DOVR^Ee used. Such variants may provide an Fc fusion protein with immune-modulatory activities related to )FȖ5,,E^ FHOOV^^ LQFOXGLQJ^^ IRU^ H[DPSOH^^%^FHOOV^ DQG^PRQRF\WHV^^ ^ ,Q^RQH^HPERGLPHQW^^ WKH^)F^ YDULDQWV^SURYLGH^VHOHFWLYHO\^HQKDQFHG^DIILQLW\^ WR^)FȖ5,,E^ UHODWLYH to one or more activating UHFHSWRUV^^^0RGLILFDWLRQV^IRU^DOWHULQJ^ELQGLQJ^WR^)FȖ5,,E^LQFOXGH^RQH^RU^PRUH^PRGLILFDWLRQV^DW^
190913.00401 a position selected from the group consisting of 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 266, 267, 268, 325, 326, 327, 328, and 332, according to the EU index. Exemplary substitutions for enhancing )FȖ5,,E^DIILQLW\^LQFOXGH^EXW^DUH^QRW^OLPLWHG^WR^^^^'^^^^^(^^^^^)^^^^^:^^^^^'^^^^^)^^^^^5^^ 235Y, 236D, 236N, 237D, 237N, 239D, 239E, 266M, 267D, 267E, 268D, 268E, 327D, 327E, 328F, 328W, 328Y, and 332E. Exemplary substitutions include 235Y, 236D, 239D, 266M, 267E, 268D, 268E, 328F, 328W, and 328Y. Other Fc variants for enhancing binding to )FȖ5OOE^LQFOXGH^^^^<^^^^(^^^^^'^^^^(^^^^^'^^^^'^^^^^'^^^^(^^^^^(^^^^'^^^^^(^^^^(^^ and 267E/328F. The affinities and binding properties of an Fc region for its ligand may be determined by a variety of in vitro assay methods (biochemical or immunological based assays) known in the art, including but not limited to, equilibrium methods (e.g., ELISA, or radioimmunoassay), or kinetics (e.g., BIACORE analysis), and other methods such as indirect binding assays, competitive inhibition assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), gel electrophoresis and chromatography (e.g., gel filtration). These and other methods may utilize a label on one or more of the components being examined and/or employ a variety of detection methods, including but not limited to chromogenic, fluorescent, luminescent, or isotopic labels. A detailed description of binding affinities and kinetics can be found in Paul, W. E., ed., Fundamental Immunology, 4th Ed., Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia (1999), which focuses on antibody-immunogen interactions. In some embodiments, the antibody is modified to increase its biological half-life. Various approaches are possible. For example, this may be done by increasing the binding affinity of the Fc region for FcRn. For example, one or more of the following residues can be mutated: 252, 254, 256, 433, 435, 436, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,375. Specific exemplary substitutions include one or more of the following: T252L, T254S, and/or T256F. Alternatively, to increase the biological half-life, the antibody can be altered within the CH1 or CL region to contain a salvage receptor binding epitope taken from two loops of a CH2 domain of an Fc region of an IgG, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,869,046 and 6,121,022 by Presta et al. Other exemplary variants that increase binding to FcRn and/or improve pharmacokinetic properties include substitutions at positions 259, 308, 428, and 434, including for example 259I, 308F, 428L, 428M, 434S, 434H, 434F, 434Y, and 434M. Other variants that increase Fc binding to FcRn include: 250E, 250Q, 428L, 428F, 250Q/428L (Hinton et al„ 2004, J. Biol. Chem. 279(8): 6213-6216, Hinton et al. 2006 Journal of Immunology 176:346-356), 256A, 272A, 286A, 305A, 307A, 307Q, 311A, 312A, 376A,
190913.00401 378Q, 380A, 382A, 434A (Shields et al, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001, 276(9):6591- 6604), 252F, 252T, 252Y, 252W, 254T, 256S, 256R, 256Q, 256E, 256D, 256T, 309P, 311S, 433R, 433S, 433I, 433P, 433Q, 434H, 434F, 434Y, 252Y/254T/256E, 433K/434F/436H, 308T/309P/311S (Dall Acqua et al. Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169:5171-5180, Dall'Acqua et al., 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry 281:23514-23524). Other modifications for modulating FcRn binding are described in Yeung et al., 2010, J Immunol, 182:7663-7671. In some embodiments, hybrid IgG isotypes with particular biological characteristics may be used. For example, an IgG1/IgG3 hybrid variant may be constructed by substituting IgG 1 positions in the CH2 and/or CH3 region with the amino acids from IgG3 at positions where the two isotypes differ. Thus a hybrid variant IgG antibody may be constructed that comprises one or more substitutions, e.g., 274Q, 276K, 300F, 339T, 356E, 358M, 384S, 392N, 397M, 422I, 435R, and 436F. In other embodiments described herein, an IgG1/IgG2 hybrid variant may be constructed by substituting IgG2 positions in the CH2 and/or CH3 region with amino acids from IgG1 at positions where the two isotypes differ. Thus a hybrid variant IgG antibody may be constructed chat comprises one or more substitutions, e.g., one or more of the following amino acid substitutions: 233E, 234L, 235L, 236G (referring to an insertion of a glycine at position 236), and 321 H. Moreover, the binding sites on human IgG1 IRU^ )FȖ5O^^ )FȖ5,,^^ )FȖ5,,,^^ DQG^ )F5Q^ have been mapped and variants with improved binding have been described (see Shields, R.L. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:6591-6604). Specific mutations at positions 256, 290, ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ DQG^ ^^^^ ZHUH^ VKRZQ^ WR^ LPSURYH^ ELQGLQJ^ WR^ )FȖ5,,,^^ ^ $GGLWLRQDOO\^^ WKH^ IROORZLQJ^ FRPELQDWLRQ^ PXWDQWV^ ZHUH^ VKRZQ^ WR^ LPSURYH^ )FȖ5,,,^ ELQGLQJ^^ 7^^^$^6^^^$^^ S298A/E333A, S298A/K224A, and S298A/E333A/K334A, which has been shown to exhibit HQKDQFHG^)FȖ5,,,D^ELQGLQJ^DQG^$'&&^DFWLYLW\^ ^6KLHOGV^et al., 2001). Other IgG1 variants ZLWK^ VWURQJO\^ HQKDQFHG^ ELQGLQJ^ WR^ )FȖ5,,,D^ KDYH^ EHHQ^ LGHQWLILHG^^ LQFOXGLQJ^ YDULDQWV^ ZLWK^ S239D/I332E and S239D/I332E/A330L mutations which showed the greatest increase in DIILQLW\^ IRU^ )FȖ5,,,D^^ D^ GHFUHDVH^ LQ^ )FȖ5,,E^ ELQGLQJ^^ DQG^ VWURQJ^ F\WRWR[LF^ DFWLYLW\^ LQ^ cynomolgus monkeys (Lazar et al., 2006). Introduction of the triple mutations into antibodies such as alemtuzumab (CD52- specific), trastuzumab (HER2/neu- specific), rituximab (CD20- specific), and cetuximab (EGFR- specific) translated into greatly enhanced ADCC activity in vitro, and the S239D/I332E variant showed an enhanced capacity to deplete B cells in monkeys (Lazar et al., 2006). In addition, IgG1 mutants containing L235V, )^^^/^^5^^^3^^<^^^/^DQG^3^^^/^PXWDWLRQV^ZKLFK^H[KLELWHG^HQKDQFHG^ELQGLQJ^WR^)FȖ5,,,D^
190913.00401 DQG^FRQFRPLWDQWO\^HQKDQFHG^$'&&^DFWLYLW\^ LQ^ WUDQVJHQLF^PLFH^H[SUHVVLQJ^KXPDQ^)FȖ5,,,D^ in models of B cell malignancies and breast cancer have been identified (Stavenhagen et al., 2007; Nordstrom et al., 2011). Other Fc mutants that may be used include: S298A/E333A/L334A, S239D/I332E, S239D/I332E/A330L, L235V/F243L/R292P/Y300L/ P396L, and M428L/N434S. In some embodiments, an Fc is chosen that haV^ UHGXFHG^ ELQGLQJ^ WR^ )FȖ5V^^ ^ $Q^ exemplary Fc, e.g., IgG1 )F^^ ZLWK^ UHGXFHG^ )FȖ5^ ELQGLQJ^^ FRPSULVHV^ WKH^ IROORZLQJ^ WKUHH^ amino acid substitutions: L234A, L235E, and G237A. In some embodiments, an Fc is chosen that has reduced complement fixation. An exemplary Fc, e.g., IgG1 Fc, with reduced complement fixation, has the following two amino acid substitutions: A330S and P331S. In some embodiments, an Fc is chosen that has essentially no effector function, i.e., it has reduced binding to )FȖ5V^ DQG^ UHGXFHG^ FRPSlement fixation. An exemplary Fc, e.g., IgG1 Fc, that is effectorless, comprises the following five mutations: L234A, L235E, G237A, A330S, and P331S. When using an IgG4 constant domain, it is usually preferable to include the substitution S228P, which mimics the hinge sequence in IgG1 and thereby stabilizes IgG4 molecules. Multivalent Antibodies In one embodiment, the antibodies of this disclosure may be monovalent or multivalent (e.g., bivalent, trivalent, etc.). As used herein, the term “valency” refers to the number of potential target binding sites associated with an antibody. Each target binding site specifically binds one target molecule or specific position or locus on a target molecule. When an antibody is monovalent, each binding site of the molecule will specifically bind to a single antigen position or epitope. When an antibody comprises more than one target binding site (multivalent), each target binding site may specifically bind the same or different molecules (e.g., may bind to different ligands or different antigens, or different epitopes or positions on the same antigen). See, for example, U.S.P.N.2009/0129125. In one embodiment, the antibodies are bispecific antibodies in which the two chains have different specificities. Other embodiments include antibodies with additional specificities, such as tri-specific antibodies. Other more sophisticated compatible multispecific constructs and methods of their fabrication are set forth in U.S.P.N.
190913.00401 2009/0155255, as well as WO 94/04690; Suresh et al., 1986, Methods in Enzymology, 121:210; and WO96/27011. As stated above, multivalent antibodies may immunospecifically bind to different epitopes of the desired target molecule or may immunospecifically bind to more than one target molecule as well as a heterologous epitope, such as a heterologous polypeptide or solid support material. In some embodiments, the multivalent antibodies may include bispecific antibodies or trispecific antibodies. Bispecific antibodies also include cross-linked or “heteroconjugate” antibodies. For example, one of the antibodies in the heteroconjugate can be coupled to avidin, the other to biotin. Such antibodies have, for example, been proposed to target immune system cells to unwanted cells (U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,980), and for treatment of HIV infection (WO 91/00360, WO 92/200373, and EP 03089). Heteroconjugate antibodies may be made using any convenient cross-linking methods. Suitable cross-linking agents are well known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,980, along with a number of cross-linking techniques. In some embodiments, antibody variable domains with the desired binding specificities (antibody-antigen combining sites) are fused to immunoglobulin constant domain sequences, such as an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant domain comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2, and/or CH3 regions, using methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Antibody Derivatives An antibody provided herein may be further modified to contain additional nonproteinaceous moieties that are known in the art and readily available. The moieties suitable for derivatization of the antibody include but are not limited to water-soluble polymers. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, PEG, copolymers of ethylene glycol/propylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly-1,3-dioxolane, poly-1,3,6-trioxane, ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer, polyaminoacids (either homopolymers or random copolymers), and dextran or poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone)polyethylene glycol, propropylene glycol homopolymers, polypropylene oxide/ethylene oxide co-polymers, polyoxyethylated polyols (e.g., glycerol), polyvinyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Polyethylene glycol propionaldehyde may have advantages in manufacturing due to its stability in water. The polymer may be of any molecular weight and may be branched or unbranched. The number
190913.00401 of polymers attached to the antibody may vary, and if more than one polymer is attached, they can be the same or different molecules. In general, the number and/or type of polymers used for derivatization can be determined based on considerations including, but not limited to, the particular properties or functions of the antibody to be improved, whether the antibody derivative will be used in a therapy under defined conditions, etc. In another embodiment, conjugates of an antibody and nonproteinaceous moiety that may be selectively heated by exposure to radiation are provided. In one embodiment, the nonproteinaceous moiety is a carbon nanotube (Kam et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 11600-11605 (2005)). The radiation may be of any wavelength, and includes, but is not limited to, wavelengths that do not harm ordinary cells, but which heat the nonproteinaceous moiety to a temperature at which cells proximal to the antibody-nonproteinaceous moiety are killed. Another modification of the antibodies described herein is pegylation. An antibody can be pegylated to, for example, increase the biological (e.g., serum) half-life of the antibody. To pegylate an antibody, the antibody, or fragment thereof, typically is reacted with PEG, such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment. Preferably, the pegylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer). As used herein, the term “polyethylene glycol” is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (CI -CIO) alkoxy- or aryloxy-polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide. In some embodiments, the antibody to be pegylated is an aglycosylated antibody. Methods for pegylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies described herein. See, for example, EP 0154316 by Nishimura et al. and EP0401384 by Ishikawa et al. The present disclosure also encompasses a human monoclonal antibody described herein conjugated to a therapeutic agent, a polymer, a detectable label or enzyme. In one embodiment, the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent. In one embodiment, the polymer is PEG. Nucleic Acids, Expression Cassettes, and Vectors The present disclosure provides isolated nucleic acid segments that encode the polypeptides, peptide fragments, coupled proteins, antibodies, and protein complexes of this disclosure. The nucleic acid segments of this disclosure also include segments that encode for
190913.00401 the same amino acids due to the degeneracy of the genetic code. For example, the amino acid threonine is encoded by ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG and is therefore degenerate. It is intended that the disclosure includes all variations of the polynucleotide segments that encode for the same amino acids. Such mutations are known in the art (Watson et al., Molecular Biology of the Gene, Benjamin Cummings 1987). Mutations also include alteration of a nucleic acid segment to encode for conservative amino acid changes, for example, the substitution of leucine for isoleucine and so forth. Such mutations are also known in the art. Thus, the genes and nucleotide sequences of this disclosure include both the naturally occurring sequences as well as mutant forms. The nucleic acid segments of this disclosure may be contained within a vector. A vector may include, but is not limited to, any plasmid, phagemid, F-factor, virus, cosmid, or phage in a double- or single-stranded linear or circular form which may or may not be self transmissible or mobilizable. The vector can also transform a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host either by integration into the cellular genome or exist extra-chromosomally (e.g., autonomous replicating plasmid with an origin of replication). Preferably the nucleic acid segment in the vector is under the control of, and operably linked to, an appropriate promoter or other regulatory elements for transcription in vitro or in a host cell, such as a eukaryotic cell, or a microbe, e.g., bacteria. The vector may be a shuttle vector that functions in multiple hosts. The vector may also be a cloning vector that typically contains one or a small number of restriction endonuclease recognition sites at which foreign DNA sequences can be inserted in a determinable fashion. Such insertion can occur without loss of essential biological function of the cloning vector. A cloning vector may also contain a marker gene that is suitable for use in the identification and selection of cells transformed with the cloning vector. Examples of marker genes are tetracycline resistance or ampicillin resistance. Many cloning vectors are commercially available (Stratagene, New England Biolabs, Clonetech). The nucleic acid segments of this disclosure may also be inserted into an expression vector. Typically, an expression vector contains prokaryotic DNA elements coding for a bacterial replication origin and an antibiotic resistance gene to provide for the amplification and selection of the expression vector in a bacterial host; regulatory elements that control initiation of transcription such as a promoter; and DNA elements that control the processing of transcripts such as introns, or a transcription termination/polyadenylation sequence.
190913.00401 Methods to introduce nucleic acid segment into a vector are available in the art (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001)). Briefly, a vector into which a nucleic acid segment is to be inserted is treated with one or more restriction enzymes (restriction endonuclease) to SURGXFH^D^OLQHDUL]HG^YHFWRU^KDYLQJ^D^EOXQW^HQG^^D^³VWLFN\´^HQG^ZLWK^D^^ƍ^RU^D^^ƍ^RYHUKDQJ^^RU^ any combination of the above. The vector may also be treated with a restriction enzyme and subsequently treated with another modifying enzyme, such as a polymerase, an exonuclease, a phosphatase or a kinase, to create a linearized vector that has characteristics useful for ligation of a nucleic acid segment into the vector. The nucleic acid segment that is to be inserted into the vector is treated with one or more restriction enzymes to create a linearized VHJPHQW^KDYLQJ^D^EOXQW^HQG^^D^³VWLFN\´^HQG^ZLWK^D^^ƍ^RU^D^^ƍ^RYHUKDQJ^^RU^DQ\^FRPELQDWLRQ^Rf the above. The nucleic acid segment may also be treated with a restriction enzyme and subsequently treated with another DNA modifying enzyme. Such DNA modifying enzymes include, but are not limited to, polymerase, exonuclease, phosphatase or a kinase, to create a nucleic acid segment that has characteristics useful for ligation of a nucleic acid segment into the vector. The treated vector and nucleic acid segment are then ligated together to form a construct containing a nucleic acid segment according to methods available in the art (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001)). Briefly, the treated nucleic acid fragment, and the treated vector are combined in the presence of a suitable buffer and ligase. The mixture is then incubated under appropriate conditions to allow the ligase to ligate the nucleic acid fragment into the vector. The disclosure also provides an expression cassette which contains a nucleic acid sequence capable of directing expression of a particular nucleic acid segment of this disclosure, either in vitro or in a host cell. Also, a nucleic acid segment of this disclosure may be inserted into the expression cassette such that an anti-sense message is produced. The expression cassette is an isolatable unit such that the expression cassette may be in linear form and functional for in vitro transcription and translation assays. The materials and procedures to conduct these assays are commercially available from Promega Corp. (Madison, Wis.). For example, an in vitro transcript may be produced by placing a nucleic acid sequence under the control of a T7 promoter and then using T7 RNA polymerase to produce an in vitro transcript. This transcript may then be translated in vitro through use of a
190913.00401 rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Alternatively, the expression cassette can be incorporated into a vector allowing for replication and amplification of the expression cassette within a host cell or also in vitro transcription and translation of a nucleic acid segment. Such an expression cassette may contain one or a plurality of restriction sites allowing for placement of the nucleic acid segment under the regulation of a regulatory sequence. The expression cassette can also contain a termination signal operably linked to the nucleic acid segment as well as regulatory sequences required for proper translation of the nucleic acid segment. The expression cassette containing the nucleic acid segment may be chimeric, meaning that at least one of its components is heterologous with respect to at least one of its other components. The expression cassette may also be one that is naturally occurring but has been obtained in a recombinant form useful for heterologous expression. Expression of the nucleic acid segment in the expression cassette may be under the control of a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter, which initiates transcription only when the host cell is exposed to some particular external stimulus. The expression cassette may include in the ^ƍ-^ƍ^ GLUHFWLRQ^ RI^ WUDQVFULSWLRQ^^ D^ transcriptional and translational initiation region, a nucleic acid segment and a transcriptional and translational termination region functional in vivo and/or in vitro. The termination region may be native with the transcriptional initiation region, may be native with the nucleic acid segment, or may be derived from another source. 7KH^UHJXODWRU\^VHTXHQFH^FDQ^EH^D^SRO\QXFOHRWLGH^VHTXHQFH^ORFDWHG^XSVWUHDP^^^ƍ^QRQ- coding sequences), within, or downsWUHDP^^^ƍ^QRQ-coding sequences) of a coding sequence, and which influences the transcription, RNA processing or stability, or translation of the associated coding sequence. Regulatory sequences can include, but are not limited to, enhancers, promoters, repressor binding sites, translation leader sequences, introns, and polyadenylation signal sequences. They may include natural and synthetic sequences as well as sequences, which may be a combination of synthetic and natural sequences. While regulatory sequences are not limited to promoters, some useful regulatory sequences include constitutive promoters, inducible promoters, regulated promoters, tissue-specific promoters, viral promoters, and synthetic promoters. A promoter is a nucleotide sequence that controls the expression of the coding sequence by providing the recognition for RNA polymerase and other factors required for proper transcription. A promoter includes a minimal promoter, consisting only of all basal elements needed for transcription initiation, such as a TATA-box and/or initiator that is a
190913.00401 short DNA sequence comprised of a TATA-box and other sequences that serve to specify the site of transcription initiation, to which regulatory elements are added for control of expression. A promoter may be derived entirely from a native gene, or be composed of different elements derived from different promoters found in nature, or even be comprised of synthetic DNA segments. A promoter may contain DNA sequences that are involved in the binding of protein factors that control the effectiveness of transcription initiation in response to physiological or developmental conditions. The disclosure also provides a construct containing a vector and an expression cassette. The vector may be selected from, but not limited to, any vector previously described. Into this vector may be inserted an expression cassette through methods known in the art and previously described (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001)). In one embodiment, the regulatory sequences of the expression cassette may be derived from a source other than the vector into which the expression cassette is inserted. In another embodiment, a construct containing a vector and an expression cassette is formed upon insertion of a nucleic acid segment of this disclosure into a vector that itself contains regulatory sequences. Thus, an expression cassette is formed upon insertion of the nucleic acid segment into the vector. Vectors containing regulatory sequences are available commercially, and methods for their use are known in the art (Clonetech, Promega, Stratagene). In another aspect, this disclosure also provides (i) a nucleic acid molecule or molecules encoding a polypeptide chain of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or protein complex described herein; (ii) a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule or molecules as described; and (iii) a cultured host cell comprising the vector as described. Also provided is a method for producing a polypeptide, comprising: (a) obtaining the cultured host cell as described; (b) culturing the cultured host cell in a medium under conditions permitting expression of a polypeptide encoded by the vector and assembling of an antibody or fragment thereof or protein complex; and (c) purifying the antibody or fragment or protein complex from the cultured cell or the medium of the cell. Methods of Production Antibodies or antibody fragments or protein complexes may be produced using recombinant methods and compositions, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567. In one embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid encoding an antibody described herein is provided.
190913.00401 Such nucleic acid may encode an amino acid sequence comprising the VL and/or an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody (e.g., the light and/or heavy chains of the antibody). In a further embodiment, one or more vectors (e.g., expression vectors) comprising such nucleic acid are provided. In a further embodiment, a host cell comprising such nucleic acid is provided. In one such embodiment, a host cell comprises (e.g., has been transformed with): (1) a vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an amino acid sequence comprising the VL of the antibody and an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody, or (2) a first vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an amino acid sequence comprising the VL of the antibody and a second vector comprising a nucleic acid that encodes an amino acid sequence comprising the VH of the antibody. In one embodiment, the host cell is eukaryotic, e.g., a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell or lymphoid cell (e.g., Y0, NS0, Sp20 cell). In one embodiment, a method of making an antibody is provided, wherein the method comprises culturing a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antibody, as provided above, under conditions suitable for expression of the antibody, and optionally recovering the antibody from the host cell (or host cell culture medium). For recombinant production of an antibody, a nucleic acid encoding an antibody, e.g., as described herein, is isolated and inserted into one or more vectors for further cloning and/or expression in a host cell. Such nucleic acid may be readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody). Suitable host cells for cloning or expression of antibody-encoding vectors include prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells described herein. For example, antibodies may be produced in bacteria, in particular when glycosylation and Fc effector function are not needed. For expression of antibody fragments and polypeptides in bacteria, see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,648,237, 5,789,199, and 5,840,523. (See also Charlton, Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 248 (B.K.C. Lo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, N.J., 2003), pp. 245-254, describing expression of antibody fragments in E. coli.) After expression, the antibody may be isolated from the bacterial cell paste in a soluble fraction and can be further purified. In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for antibody-encoding vectors, including fungi and yeast strains whose glycosylation pathways have been “humanized,” resulting in the production of
190913.00401 an antibody with a partially or fully human glycosylation pattern. See Gerngross, Nat. Biotech.22:1409-1414 (2004), and Li et al., Nat. Biotech.24:210-215 (2006). Suitable host cells for the expression of glycosylated antibody are also derived from multicellular organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates). Examples of invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells. Numerous baculoviral strains have been identified, which may be used in conjunction with insect cells, particularly for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Plant cell cultures can also be utilized as hosts. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,177, 6,040,498, 6,420,548, 7,125,978, and 6,417,429 (describing PLANTIBODIES technology for producing antibodies in transgenic plants). Vertebrate cells may also be used as hosts. For example, mammalian cell lines that are adapted to grow in suspension may be useful. Other examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells as described, e.g., in Graham et al., J. Gen Virol. 36:59 (1977)); baby hamster kidney cells (BHK); mouse sertoli cells (TM4 cells as described, e.g., in Mather, Biol. Reprod. 23:243-251 (1980)); monkey kidney cells (CV1); African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76); human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA); canine kidney cells (MDCK; buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A); human lung cells (W138); human liver cells (Hep G2); mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562); TRI cells, as described, e.g., in Mather et al., Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 383:44-68 (1982); MRC 5 cells; and FS4 cells. Other useful mammalian host cell lines include CHO cells, including DHFR- CHO cells (Urlaub et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216 (1980)); and myeloma cell lines such as Y0, NS0, and Sp2/0. For a review of certain mammalian host cell lines suitable for antibody production, see, e.g., Yazaki and Wu, Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 248 (B.K.C. Lo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, N.J.), pp.255-268 (2003). Compositions and Formulations The antibodies or protein complexes of this disclosure represent an excellent way for the development of therapies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of various disorders. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibodies or protein complexes of the present disclosure described herein formulated together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition may
190913.00401 optionally contain one or more additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, such as another antibody or a therapeutic agent. The pharmaceutical compositions also can be administered in a combination therapy with, for example, another immune-stimulatory agent, anti-cancer agent, an antiviral agent, or a vaccine, etc. In some embodiments, a composition comprises an antibody or protein complex of this disclosure at a concentration of at least 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 1-300 mg/ml, or 100-300 mg/ml. In some embodiments, the second therapeutic agent comprises an anti-inflammatory drug or an antiviral compound. In some embodiments, the antiviral compound comprises: a nucleoside analog, a peptoid, an oligopeptide, a polypeptide, a protease inhibitor, a 3C-like protease inhibitor, a papain-like protease inhibitor, or an inhibitor of an RNA dependent RNA polymerase. In some embodiments, the antiviral compound may include: acyclovir, gancyclovir, vidarabine, foscarnet, cidofovir, amantadine, ribavirin, trifluorothymidine, zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine or an interferon. In some embodiments, the interferon is an interferon-Į,an interferon-ȕ, an interferon-Ȗ^^RU^DQ^LQWHUIHURQ-^. Also within the scope of this disclosure is use of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicament for the diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment, or combination thereof of a disease condition, such as cancer or an infection with a pathogen. The pharmaceutical composition can comprise any number of excipients. Excipients that can be used include carriers, surface-active agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, solid binders, dispersion or suspension aids, solubilizers, colorants, flavoring agents, coatings, disintegrating agents, lubricants, sweeteners, preservatives, isotonic agents, and combinations thereof. The selection and use of suitable excipients is taught in Gennaro, ed., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2003), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, a pharmaceutical composition is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion). Depending on the route of administration, the active compound can be coated in a material to protect it from the action of acids and other natural conditions that may inactivate it. The phrase “parenteral administration” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular,
190913.00401 subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, epidural and intrasternal injection and infusion. Alternatively, an antibody of the present disclosure described herein can be administered via a non-parenteral route, such as a topical, epidermal or mucosal route of administration, e.g., intranasally, orally, vaginally, rectally, sublingually or topically. The pharmaceutical compositions of this disclosure may be prepared in many forms that include tablets, hard or soft gelatin capsules, aqueous solutions, suspensions, and liposomes and other slow-release formulations, such as shaped polymeric gels. An oral dosage form may be formulated such that the antibody is released into the intestine after passing through the stomach. Such formulations are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,434 and in the references contained therein. Oral liquid pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid pharmaceutical compositions may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), or preservatives. An antibody or protein complex can be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g., by injection, for example, bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dosage form in ampules, prefilled syringes, small volume infusion containers or multi- dose containers with an added preservative. The pharmaceutical compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for rectal administration can be prepared as unit dose suppositories. Suitable carriers include saline solution and other materials commonly used in the art. For administration by inhalation, an antibody or protein complex can be conveniently delivered from an insufflator, nebulizer or a pressurized pack or other convenient means of delivering an aerosol spray. Pressurized packs may comprise a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Alternatively, for administration by inhalation or insufflation, an antibody or protein complex may take the form of a dry powder composition, for example, a powder mix of a modulator and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch. The powder composition may be presented in unit dosage form in, for example, capsules or cartridges or, e.g., gelatin or
190913.00401 blister packs from which the powder may be administered with the aid of an inhalator or insufflator. For intra-nasal administration, an antibody may be administered via a liquid spray, such as via a plastic bottle atomizer. Pharmaceutical compositions may also contain other ingredients such as flavorings, colorings, anti-microbial agents, or preservatives. It will be appreciated that the amount of an antibody required for use in treatment will vary not only with the particular carrier selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated and the age and condition of the patient. Ultimately the attendant health care provider may determine proper dosage. In addition, a pharmaceutical composition may be formulated as a single unit dosage form. The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be in the form of sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions. It can also be formulated in a microemulsion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high drug concentration. An antibody or protein complex of the present disclosure described herein can be administered as a sustained release formulation, in which case less frequent administration is required. Dosage and frequency vary depending on the half-life of the antibody or protein complex in the patient. In general, human antibodies show the longest half-life, followed by humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, and nonhuman antibodies. The dosage and frequency of administration can vary depending on whether the treatment is prophylactic or therapeutic. In prophylactic applications, a relatively low dosage is administered at relatively infrequent intervals over a long period of time. Some patients continue to receive treatment for the rest of their lives. In therapeutic applications, a relatively high dosage at relatively short intervals is sometimes required until progression of the disease is reduced or terminated, and preferably until the patient shows partial or complete amelioration of symptoms of disease. Thereafter, the patient can be administered a prophylactic regime. The amount of active ingredient that can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the subject being treated and the particular mode of administration and will generally be that amount of the composition, which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out of one hundred percent, this amount will range from about 0.01% to about 99% of active ingredient, preferably from about 0.1% to about 70%, most preferably from about 1% to about 30% of active ingredient in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
190913.00401 Dosage regimens can be adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic response). For example, a single bolus can be administered, several divided doses can be administered over time or the dose can be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subjects to be treated; each unit contains a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Alternatively, the antibody or protein complex can be administered as a sustained release formulation, in which case less frequent administration is required. For administration of the antibody or protein complex, the dosage ranges from about 0.0001 to 800 mg/kg, and more usually 0.01 to 5 mg/kg, of the host body weight. For example, dosages can be 0.3 mg/kg body weight, 1 mg/kg body weight, 3 mg/kg body weight, 5 mg/kg body weight or 10 mg/kg body weight or within the range of 1-10 mg/kg. An exemplary treatment regime entails administration once per week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, once a month, once every 3 months or once every 3 to 6 months. Preferred dosage regimens for an antibody of this disclosure include 1 mg/kg body weight or 3 mg/kg body weight via intravenous administration, with the antibody being given using one of the following dosing schedules: (i) every four weeks for six dosages, then every three months; (ii) every three weeks; (iii) 3 mg/kg body weight once followed by 1 mg/kg body weight every three weeks. In some methods, dosage is adjusted to achieve a plasma antibody or protein complex concentration of about 1-^^^^^^J^ /ml and in some methods about 25-^^^^^J^ ^PO^^ ^$^³WKHUDpeutically effective dosage” of an antibody of this disclosure preferably results in a decrease in severity of disease symptoms, an increase in frequency and duration of disease symptom-free periods, or a prevention of impairment or disability due to the disease affliction. The pharmaceutical composition can be a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. See, e.g., Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, J. R. Robinson, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1978.
190913.00401 Therapeutic compositions can be administered via medical devices such as (1) needleless hypodermic injection devices (e.g., US 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824; and 4,596,556); (2) micro-infusion pumps (US 4,487,603); (3) transdermal devices (US 4,486,194); (4) infusion apparati (US 4,447,233 and 4,447,224); and (5) osmotic devices (US 4,439,196 and 4,475,196); the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the antibodies or protein complexes of this disclosure described herein can be formulated to ensure proper distribution in vivo. For example, to ensure that the therapeutic compounds of this disclosure cross the blood-brain barrier, they can be formulated in liposomes, which may additionally comprise targeting moieties to enhance selective transport to specific cells or organs. See, e.g., US 4,522,811; 5,374,548; 5,416,016; and 5,399,331; V.V. Ranade (1989) Clin. Pharmacol. 29:685; Umezawa et al., (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 153:1038; Bloeman et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 357:140; M. Owais et al. (1995) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:180; Briscoe et al. (1995) Am. Physiol. 1233:134; Schreier et al. (1994). Biol. Chem. 269:9090; Keinanen and Laukkanen (1994) FEBS Lett. 346:123; and Killion and Fidler (1994) Immunomethods 4:273. In some embodiments, the initial dose may be followed by administration of a second or a plurality of subsequent doses of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or protein complex in an amount that can be approximately the same or less than that of the initial dose, wherein the subsequent doses are separated by at least 1 day to 3 days; at least one week, at least 2 weeks; at least 3 weeks; at least 4 weeks; at least 5 weeks; at least 6 weeks; at least 7 weeks; at least 8 weeks; at least 9 weeks; at least 10 weeks; at least 12 weeks; or at least 14 weeks. Various delivery systems are known and can be used to administer the pharmaceutical composition of this disclosure, e.g., encapsulation in liposomes, microparticles, microcapsules, recombinant cells capable of expressing the mutant viruses, receptor-mediated endocytosis (see, e.g., Wu et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432). Methods of introduction include, but are not limited to, intradermal, transdermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, epidural, and oral routes. The composition may be administered by any convenient route, for example, by infusion or bolus injection, by absorption through epithelial or mucocutaneous linings (e.g., oral mucosa, rectal and intestinal mucosa, etc.) and may be administered together with other biologically active
190913.00401 agents. Administration can be systemic or local. The pharmaceutical composition can also be delivered in a vesicle, in particular, a liposome (see, for example, Langer (1990) Science 249: 1527-1533). The use of nanoparticles to deliver the antibodies or protein complexes of the present disclosure is also contemplated herein. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles may be used both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles and methods of preparation and use are described in detail by Arruebo, M., et al. 2009 (“Antibody- conjugated nanoparticles for biomedical applications” in J. Nanomat. Volume 2009, Article ID 439389), incorporated herein by reference. Nanoparticles may be developed and conjugated to antibodies or protein complexes contained in pharmaceutical compositions to target cells. Nanoparticles for drug delivery have also been described in, for example, US 8257740, or US 8246995, each incorporated herein in its entirety. In certain situations, the pharmaceutical composition can be delivered in a controlled release system. In one embodiment, a pump may be used. In another embodiment, polymeric materials can be used. In yet another embodiment, a controlled release system can be placed in proximity of the composition's target, thus requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose. The injectable preparations may include dosage forms for intravenous, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intracranial, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections, drip infusions, etc. These injectable preparations may be prepared by methods publicly known. For example, the injectable preparations may be prepared, e.g., by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the antibody or its salt described herein in a sterile aqueous medium or an oily medium conventionally used for injections. As the aqueous medium for injections, there are, for example, physiological saline, an isotonic solution containing glucose and other auxiliary agents, etc., which may be used in combination with an appropriate solubilizing agent such as an alcohol (e.g., ethanol), a polyalcohol (e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), a nonionic surfactant [e.g., polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxyethylene (50 mol) adduct of hydrogenated castor oil)], etc. As the oily medium, there are employed, e.g., sesame oil, soybean oil, etc., which may be used in combination with a solubilizing agent such as benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol, etc. The injection thus prepared is preferably filled in an appropriate ampoule. A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be delivered subcutaneously or intravenously with a standard needle and syringe. In addition, with respect to subcutaneous delivery, a pen delivery device readily has applications in delivering a
190913.00401 pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. Such a pen delivery device can be reusable or disposable. A reusable pen delivery device generally utilizes a replaceable cartridge that contains a pharmaceutical composition. Once all of the pharmaceutical composition within the cartridge has been administered and the cartridge is empty, the empty cartridge can readily be discarded and replaced with a new cartridge that contains the pharmaceutical composition. The pen delivery device can then be reused. In a disposable pen delivery device, there is no replaceable cartridge. Rather, the disposable pen delivery device comes prefilled with the pharmaceutical composition held in a reservoir within the device. Once the reservoir is emptied of the pharmaceutical composition, the entire device is discarded. Numerous reusable pen and autoinjector delivery devices have applications in the subcutaneous delivery of a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. Examples include, but certainly are not limited to AUTOPEN™ (Owen Mumford, Inc., Woodstock, UK), DISETRONIC™ pen (Disetronic Medical Systems, Burghdorf, Switzerland), HUMALOG MIX 75/25™ pen, HUMALOG™ pen, HUMALIN 70/30™ pen (Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN), NOVOPEN™ I, II and III (Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark), NOVOPEN JUNIOR™ (Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark), BD™ pen (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ), OPTIPEN™, OPTIPEN PRO™, OPTIPEN STARLET™, and OPTICLIK™ (Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany), to name only a few. Examples of disposable pen delivery devices having applications in subcutaneous delivery of a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure include, but certainly are not limited to the SOLOSTAR™ pen (Sanofi- Aventis), the FLEXPEN™ (Novo Nordisk), and the KWIKPEN™ (Eli Lilly), the SURECLICK™ Autoinjector (Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA), the PENLET™ (Haselmeier, Stuttgart, Germany), the EPIPEN (Dey, L.P.) and the HUMIRA™ Pen (Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL), to name only a few. Advantageously, the pharmaceutical compositions for oral or parenteral use described herein are prepared into dosage forms in a unit dose suited to fit a dose of the active ingredients. Such dosage forms in a unit dose include, for example, tablets, pills, capsules, injections (ampoules), suppositories, etc. The amount of the antibody contained is generally about 5 to about 500 mg per dosage form in a unit dose; especially in the form of injection, it is preferred that the antibody is contained in about 5 to about 300 mg and in about 10 to about 300 mg for the other dosage forms. Other therapeutic agents
190913.00401 Various other therapeutic agents can be included in the pharmaceutical compositions described above or co-administered with the compositions, simultaneously, before or afterwards. Such a therapeutic agent can also be conjugated to the antibody or incorporated into the protein complex as an effector agent as described herein. Examples of these therapeutic agents include but not limited to cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenic agents, pro- apoptotic agents, antibiotics, hormones, hormone antagonists, chemokines, drugs, prodrugs, toxins, cytokines, complement agents, checkpoint inhibitors, immune costimulatory/agonist agents, immune coinhibitory/antagonist agents, and enzymes. Drugs of use may possess a pharmaceutical property selected from the group consisting of antimitotic, antikinase, alkylating, antimetabolite, antibiotic, alkaloid, anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic agents and combinations thereof. Exemplary drugs of use may include, but are not limited to, 5-fluorouracil, afatinib, aplidin, azaribine, anastrozole, anthracyclines, axitinib, AVL-101, AVL-291, bendamustine, bleomycin, bortezomib, bosutinib, bryostatin-1, busulfan, calicheamycin, camptothecin, carboplatin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, carmustine, celebrex, chlorambucil, cisplatin (CDDP), Cox-2 inhibitors, irinotecan (CPT-11), SN-38, carboplatin, cladribine, camptothecans, crizotinib, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dasatinib, dinaciclib, docetaxel, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicine (2P-DOX), cyano- morpholino doxorubicin, doxorubicin glucuronide, epirubicin glucuronide, erlotinib, estramustine, epidophyllotoxin, erlotinib, entinostat, estrogen receptor binding agents, etoposide (VP16), etoposide glucuronide, etoposide phosphate, exemestane, fingolimod, IOR[XULGLQH^ ^)8G5^^^ ^ƍ^^ƍ-O-dioleoyl-FudR (FUdR-dO), fludarabine, flutamide, farnesyl- protein transferase inhibitors, flavopiridol, fostamatinib, ganetespib, GDC-0834, GS-1101, gefitinib, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, ibrutinib, idarubicin, idelalisib, ifosfamide, imatinib, L- asparaginase, lapatinib, lenolidamide, leucovorin, LFM-A13, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, mitomycin, mitotane, navelbine, neratinib, nilotinib, nitrosurea, olaparib, plicomycin, procarbazine, paclitaxel, PCI-32765, pentostatin, PSI-341, raloxifene, semustine, sorafenib, streptozocin, SU11248, sunitinib, tamoxifen, temazolomide (an aqueous form of DTIC), transplatinum, thalidomide, thioguanine, thiotepa, teniposide, topotecan, uracil mustard, vatalanib, vinorelbine, vinblastine, vincristine, vinca alkaloids and ZD1839.
190913.00401 Toxins of use may include ricin, abrin, alpha toxin, saporin, ribonuclease (RNase), e.g., onconase, DNase I, Staphylococcal enterotoxin-A, pokeweed antiviral protein, gelonin, diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin, and Pseudomonas endotoxin. Chemokines of use may include RANTES, MCAF, MIP1-alpha, MIP1-Beta and IP- 10. In certain embodiments, anti-angiogenic agents, such as angiostatin, baculostatin, canstatin, maspin, anti-VEGF antibodies, anti-PlGF peptides and antibodies, anti-vascular growth factor antibodies, anti-Flk-1 antibodies, anti-Flt-1 antibodies and peptides, anti-Kras antibodies, anti-cMET antibodies, anti-MIF (macrophage migration-inhibitory factor) antibodies, laminin peptides, fibronectin peptides, plasminogen activator inhibitors, tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors, interferons, interleukin-12, Gro-ȕ^^ WKURPERVSRQGLQ^^ ^- methoxyoestradiol, proliferin-related protein, carboxiamidotriazole, CM101, Marimastat, pentosan polysulphate, angiopoietin-2, interferon-alpha, herbimycin A, PNU145156E, 16K prolactin fragment, Linomide (roquinimex), thalidomide, pentoxifylline, genistein, TNP-470, endostatin, paclitaxel, accutin, angiostatin, cidofovir, vincristine, bleomycin, AGM-1470, platelet factor 4 or minocycline may be of use. Immunomodulators of use may be selected from a cytokine, a stem cell growth factor, a lymphotoxin, a hematopoietic factor, a colony stimulating factor (CSF), an interferon (IFN), erythropoietin, thrombopoietin and a combination thereof. Specifically useful are lymphotoxins such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), hematopoietic factors, such as interleukin (IL), colony stimulating factor, such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon, such as interferons-Į^^-ȕ, -Ȗ or -^^^DQG^VWHP^cell growth factor, such as that designated “S1 factor”. Included among the cytokines are growth hormones such as human growth hormone, N- methionyl human growth hormone, and bovine growth hormone; parathyroid hormone; thyroxine; insulin; proinsulin; relaxin; prorelaxin; glycoprotein hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH); hepatic growth factor; prostaglandin, fibroblast growth factor; prolactin; placental lactogen, OB protein; tumor necrosis factor-Į^DQd -ȕ^^PXOOHULDQ-inhibiting substance; mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide; inhibin; activin; vascular endothelial growth factor; integrin; thrombopoietin (TPO); nerve growth factors such as NGF-ȕ^^ SODWHOHW-growth factor; transforming growth factors (TGFs) such as TGF-Į^DQG^7*)-ȕ^^LQVXOLQ-like growth factor-I and -II; erythropoietin (EPO); osteoinductive factors; interferons such as interferon-Į^^-ȕ^^DQG^
190913.00401 -Ȗ^^FRORQ\^VWLPXODWLQJ^IDFWRUV^^&6)V^^VXFK^DV^PDFURSKDJH-CSF (M-CSF); interleukins (ILs) such as IL-1, IL-^Į^^,/-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12; IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, IL-25, LIF, kit-ligand or FLT-3, angiostatin, thrombospondin, endostatin, tumor necrosis factor and LT. Radionuclides of use include, but not limited to, 111In, 171Lu, 212Bi, 213Bi, 211At, 62Cu, 67Cu, 90Y, 125I, 131I, 32P, 33P, 47Sc, 111Ag, 67Ga, 142Pr, 153Sm, 161Tb, 166Dy, 166Ho, 186Re, 188Re, in
100-2,500 keV for a beta emitter, and 4,000-6,000 keV for an alpha emitter. Maximum decay energies of useful beta-particle-emitting nuclides are preferably 20-5,000 keV, more preferably 100-4,000 keV, and most preferably 500-2,500 keV. Also preferred are radionuclides that substantially decay with Auger-emitting particles. For example, Co-58, Ga-67, Br-80m, Tc-99m, Rh-103m, Pt-109, In-111, Sb-119, 1-125, Ho-161, Os-189m and Ir- 192. Decay energies of useful beta-particle-emitting nuclides are preferably <1,000 keV, more preferably <100 keV, and most preferably <70 keV. Also preferred are radionuclides that substantially decay with generation of alpha-particles. Such radionuclides include, but are not limited to: Dy-152, At-211, Bi-212, Ra-223, Rn-219, Po-215, Bi-211, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Th-227 and Fm-255. Decay energies of useful alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides are preferably 2,000-10,000 keV, more preferably 3,000-8,000 keV, and most preferably 4,000-7,000 keV. Additional potential radioisotopes of use include 11C, 13N, 15O, 75Br 198Au, 224Ac, 126I, 133I, 77Br, 113mIn, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 107Hg, 203Hg, 121mTe, 122mTe,
include 18F, 52Fe, 62Cu, 64Cu, 67Cu, 67Ga, 68Ga, 86Y, 89Zr, 94Tc, 94mTc, 99mTc, or 111In. Therapeutic agents may include a photoactive agent or dye. Fluorescent compositions, such as fluorochrome, and other chromogens, or dyes, such as porphyrins sensitive to visible light, have been used to detect and to treat lesions by directing the suitable light to the lesion. In therapy, this has been termed photoradiation, phototherapy, or photodynamic therapy. See Joni et al. (eds.), PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF TUMORS AND OTHER DISEASES (Libreria Progetto 1985); van den Bergh, Chem. Britain (1986), 22:430. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been coupled with photoactivated dyes for achieving phototherapy. See Mew et al., J. Immunol. (1983), 130:1473; idem., Cancer Res. (1985),
190913.00401 45:4380; Oseroff et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1986), 83:8744; idem., Photochem. Photobiol. (1987), 46:83; Hasan et al., Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. (1989), 288:471; Tatsuta et al., Lasers Surg. Med. (1989), 9:422; Pelegrin et al., Cancer (1991), 67:2529. Other useful therapeutic agents may comprise oligonucleotides, especially antisense oligonucleotides that preferably are directed against oncogenes and oncogene products, such as bcl-2 or p53. A preferred form of therapeutic oligonucleotide is siRNA. The skilled artisan will realize that any siRNA or interference RNA species may be attached to an antibody or fragment thereof for delivery to a targeted tissue. Many siRNA species against a wide variety of targets are known in the art, and any such known siRNA may be utilized in the claimed methods and compositions. Known siRNA species of potential use include those specific for IKK-gamma (U.S. Pat. No. 7,022,828); VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR (U.S. Pat. No. 7,148,342); Bcl2 and EGFR (U.S. Pat. No. 7,541,453); CDC20 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,550,572); transducin (beta)-like 3 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,576,196); KRAS (U.S. Pat. No. 7,576,197); carbonic anhydrase II (U.S. Pat. No. 7,579,457); complement component 3 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,582,746); interleukin-1 receptor- associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) (U.S. Pat. No. 7,592,443); survivin (U.S. Pat. No. 7,608,7070); superoxide dismutase 1 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,938); MET proto-oncogene (U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,939); amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) (U.S. Pat. No. 7,635,771); IGF-1R (U.S. Pat. No. 7,638,621); ICAM1 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,642,349); complement factor B (U.S. Pat. No. 7,696,344); p53 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,781,575), and apolipoprotein B (U.S. Pat. No. 7,795,421), the Examples section of each referenced patent incorporated herein by reference. Additional siRNA species are available from known commercial sources, such as Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Mo.), Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, Calif.), Ambion (Austin, Tex.), Dharmacon (Thermo Scientific, Lafayette, Colo.), Promega (Madison, Wis.), Mirus Bio (Madison, Wis.) and Qiagen (Valencia, Calif.), among many others. Other publicly available sources of siRNA species include the siRNAdb database at the Stockholm Bioinformatics Centre, the MIT/ICBP siRNA Database, the RNAi Consortium shRNA Library at the Broad Institute, and the Probe database at NCBI. For example, there are 30,852 siRNA species in the NCBI Probe database. The skilled artisan will realize that for any gene of interest, either a siRNA species has already been designed, or one may readily be designed using publicly available software tools. Any such siRNA species may be delivered using the subject complexes described herein. METHODS AND USES
190913.00401 The protein complexes, antibodies, and methods disclosed herein have a wide variety of utilities. As such they have a broad spectrum of applications in, e.g., research, diagnosis, and therapy. Methods of Treatment The protein complexes, antibodies, compositions and formulations described herein can be used to treat various diseases or conditions, including cancer (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), an immunological disease (e.g., autoimmune diseases) and an infection with a pathogen (such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or parasite). Accordingly, various embodiments concern methods of treating such a disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a protein complex, antibody, composition, or formulation described herein. In one embodiment, immunological diseases which may be treated with the protein complex or antibody may include, for example, autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), joint diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis; neurological disease such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis; pancreatic disease such as diabetes, especially juvenile onset diabetes; gastrointestinal tract disease such as chronic active hepatitis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, pernicious anemia; skin diseases such as psoriasis or scleroderma; allergic diseases such as asthma and in transplantation related conditions such as graft versus host disease and allograft rejection. The administration of the protein complex or antibody can be supplemented by administering concurrently or sequentially a therapeutically effective amount of another antibody that binds to or is reactive with another antigen on the surface of the target cell. Preferred additional MAbs comprise at least one humanized, chimeric or human MAb selected from the group consisting of a MAb reactive with CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, IGF-1R, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD32b, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD40L, CD45, CD46, CD47, CD52, CD54, CD66, CD70, CD74, CD79a, CD79b, CD80, CD95, CD126, CD133, CD138, CD154, CD160, CD166, CD229, CEACAM5, CEACAM6, B7, AFP, PSMA, EGP-1, EGP-2, GPRC5, FcRH5, ROR1, BCMA, ,IGF-1R, EGFR, HER2, HER3, TNF-Į^^,&26^^,&26/^^K\SR[LD^LQGXFLEOH^IDFWRU^^+,)^^^IRODWH^ receptor, TDGF1, TfR, Mesothelin, PSMA, B7, IFN-Į^^,)1-ȕ^ IFN-Ȗ^^,)1-^^^&^U^^&^V^^&^^^
190913.00401 C3, C5, C5a, C5aR1, C6, MASPs, MSAP2, MASP3, FB, FD, Properdin, Lag-3, CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-/^^^7,0^^^6,53Į^^7,*,7^^2;^^^^2;^^/^^ ^-1BB, BTLA, GITR, GITRL, TCR, Nectin-4, c-Met, LIV1, Mesothelin, DLL3, DLL4, Tissue factor, TGF-ȕ^^ 7*F-ȕ^ UHFHSWRU^^ CLDN18.2, carbonic anhydrase IX, PAM4 antigen, MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5, MUC16, Ia, MIF, HM1.24, HLA-DR, tenascin, Flt-3, VEGFR, PlGF, ILGF, IL-^ȕ^^,/^^^IL-6, IL-6R, IL-15, IL-15R, IL-17, IL-17R, IL-12, IL-25, tenascin, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, complement factor C5, oncogene product, or a combination thereof. Various antibodies of use, such as anti-CD19, anti-CD20, and anti-CD22 antibodies, are known to those of skill in the art. See, for example, Ghetie et al., Cancer Res.48:2610 (1988); Heiman et al., Cancer Immunol. Immunother.32:364 (1991); Longo, Curr. Opin. Oncol.8:353 (1996), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,798,554; 6,187,287; 6,306,393; 6,676,924; 7,109,304; 7,151,164; 7,230,084; 7,230,085; 7,238,785; 7,238,786; 7,282,567; 7,300,655; 7,312,318; 7,501,498; 7,612,180; 7,670,804; and U.S. Patent Application Publ. Nos. 20080131363; 20070172920; 20060193865; and 20080138333, the Examples section of each incorporated herein by reference. The therapy can be further supplemented with the administration, either concurrently or sequentially, of at least one therapeutic agent. For example, “CVB” (1.5 g/m2 cyclophosphamide, 200-400 mg/m2 etoposide, and 150-200 mg/m2 carmustine) is a regimen used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patti et al., Eur. J. Haematol.51: 18 (1993). Other suitable combination chemotherapeutic regimens are well-known to those of skill in the art. See, for example, Freedman et al., “Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas,” in CANCER MEDICINE, VOLUME 2, 3rd Edition, Holland et al. (eds.), pages 2028-2068 (Lea & Febiger 1993). As an illustration, first generation chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) include C-MOPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) and CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). A useful second-generation chemotherapeutic regimen is m- BACOD (methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone and leucovorin), while a suitable third generation regimen is MACOP-B (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin and leucovorin). Additional useful drugs include phenyl butyrate, bendamustine, and bryostatin-1. The subject protein complex or antibody can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmaceutically useful compositions, whereby the bsAb is combined in a mixture with a pharmaceutically suitable excipient. Sterile phosphate-buffered saline is one
190913.00401 example of a pharmaceutically suitable excipient. Other suitable excipients are well-known to those in the art. See, for example, Ansel et al., PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, 5th Edition (Lea & Febiger 1990), and Gennaro (ed.), REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 18th Edition (Mack Publishing Company 1990), and revised editions thereof. The subject protein complex or antibody can be formulated for intravenous administration via, for example, bolus injection or continuous infusion. Preferably, the protein complex or antibody is infused over a period of less than about 4 hours, and more preferably, over a period of less than about 3 hours. For example, the first bolus could be infused within 30 minutes, preferably even 15 min, and the remainder infused over the next 2-3 hrs. Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use. Additional pharmaceutical methods may be employed to control the duration of action of the protein complex or antibody. Control release preparations can be prepared through the use of polymers to complex or adsorb the protein complex or antibody. For example, biocompatible polymers include matrices of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and matrices of a polyanhydride copolymer of a stearic acid dimer and sebacic acid. Sherwood et al., Bio/Technology 10: 1446 (1992). The rate of release from such a matrix depends upon the molecular weight of the protein complex or antibody, the amount of protein complex or antibody within the matrix, and the size of dispersed particles. Saltzman et al., Biophys. J.55: 163 (1989); Sherwood et al., supra. Other solid dosage forms are described in Ansel et al., PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, 5th Edition (Lea & Febiger 1990), and Gennaro (ed.), REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 18th Edition (Mack Publishing Company 1990), and revised editions thereof. The protein complex or antibody may also be administered to a mammal subcutaneously or even by other parenteral routes, such as intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally or intravascularly. Moreover, the administration may be by continuous infusion or by single or multiple boluses. Preferably, the protein complex or antibody is
190913.00401 infused over a period of less than about 4 hours, and more preferably, over a period of less than about 3 hours. More generally, the dosage of an administered protein complex or antibody for humans will vary depending upon such factors as the patient's age, weight, height, sex, general medical condition and previous medical history. It may be desirable to provide the recipient with a dosage of protein complex or antibody that is in the range of from about 1 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg as a single intravenous infusion, although a lower or higher dosage also may be administered as circumstances dictate. A dosage of 1-20 mg/kg for a 70 kg patient, for example, is 70-1,400 mg, or 41-824 mg/m2 for a 1.7-m patient. The dosage may be repeated as needed, for example, once per week for 4-10 weeks, once per week for 8 weeks, or once per week for 4 weeks. It may also be given less frequently, such as every other week for several months, or monthly or quarterly for many months, as needed in a maintenance therapy. Alternatively, a protein complex or antibody may be administered as one dosage every 2 or 3 weeks, repeated for a total of at least 3 dosages. Or, the construct may be administered twice per week for 4-6 weeks. If the dosage is lowered to approximately 200- 300 mg/m2 (340 mg per dosage for a 1.7-m patient, or 4.9 mg/kg for a 70 kg patient), it may be administered once or even twice weekly for 4 to 10 weeks. Alternatively, the dosage schedule may be decreased, namely every 2 or 3 weeks for 2-3 months. It has been determined, however, that even higher doses, such as 20 mg/kg once weekly or once every 2- 3 weeks can be administered by slow i.v. infusion, for repeated dosing cycles. The dosing schedule can optionally be repeated at other intervals and dosage may be given through various parenteral routes, with appropriate adjustment of the dose and schedule. While the protein complex or antibody may be administered as a periodic bolus injection, in alternative embodiments the bs protein complex or antibody Abs may be administered by continuous infusion. In order to increase the Cmax and extend the PK of the protein complex or antibody in the blood, a continuous infusion may be administered for example by indwelling catheter. Such devices are known in the art, such as HICKMAN®, BROVIAC® or PORT-A-CATH® catheters (see, e.g., Skolnik et al., Ther Drug Monit 32:741-48, 2010) and any such known indwelling catheter may be used. A variety of continuous infusion pumps are also known in the art and any such known infusion pump may be used. The dosage range for continuous infusion may be between 0.1 and 3.0 mg/kg per
190913.00401 day. More preferably, the protein complex or antibody can be administered by intravenous infusions over relatively short periods of 2 to 5 hours, more preferably 2-3 hours. In preferred embodiments, the protein complex or antibody are of use for therapy of cancer. Examples of cancers include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma, and leukemia, myeloma, or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers are noted below and include: squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer), Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumor, astrocytomas, lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, medullary thyroid cancer, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, as well as head-and-neck cancer. The term “cancer” includes primary malignant cells or tumors (e.g., those whose cells have not migrated to sites in the subject's body other than the site of the original malignancy or tumor) and secondary malignant cells or tumors (e.g., those arising from metastasis, the migration of malignant cells or tumor cells to secondary sites that are different from the site of the original tumor). Cancers conducive to treatment methods of the present invention involves cells which express, over-express, or abnormally express IGF-1R. Other examples of cancers or malignancies include, but are not limited to: Acute Childhood Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Adult (Primary) Hepatocellular Cancer, Adult (Primary) Liver Cancer, Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Adult Lymphocytic Leukemia, Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Adult Primary Liver Cancer, Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, AIDS-Related Malignancies, Anal Cancer, Astrocytoma, Bile Duct Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Bone Cancer, Brain Stem Glioma, Brain Tumors, Breast Cancer, Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Central Nervous System (Primary) Lymphoma, Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Cerebral Astrocytoma, Cervical Cancer, Childhood (Primary) Hepatocellular Cancer, Childhood (Primary) Liver Cancer, Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood Acute
190913.00401 Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood Cerebral Astrocytoma, Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors, Childhood Hodgkin's Disease, Childhood Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Childhood Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma, Childhood Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood Medulloblastoma, Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Childhood Pineal and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood Primary Liver Cancer, Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Childhood Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Colon Cancer, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Endocrine Pancreas Islet Cell Carcinoma, Endometrial Cancer, Ependymoma, Epithelial Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Ewing's Sarcoma and Related Tumors, Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer, Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor, Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Eye Cancer, Female Breast Cancer, Gaucher's Disease, Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal Tumors, Germ Cell Tumors, Gestational TROPhoblastic Tumor, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Head and Neck Cancer, Hepatocellular Cancer, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hypergammaglobulinemia, Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Intestinal Cancers, Intraocular Melanoma, Islet Cell Carcinoma, Islet Cell Pancreatic Cancer, Kaposi's Sarcoma, Kidney Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer, Liver Cancer, Lung Cancer, Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Macroglobulinemia, Male Breast Cancer, Malignant Mesothelioma, Malignant Thymoma, Medulloblastoma, Melanoma, Mesothelioma, Metastatic Occult Primary Squamous Neck Cancer, Metastatic Primary Squamous Neck Cancer, Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasm, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Myelogenous Leukemia, Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Occult Primary Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer, Oropharyngeal Cancer, Osteo-/Malignant Fibrous Sarcoma, Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma, Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone, Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor, Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor, Pancreatic Cancer, Paraproteinemias, Polycythemia vera, Parathyroid Cancer, Penile Cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Pituitary Tumor, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Primary Liver Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Renal Cell Cancer, Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer, Retinoblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Salivary Gland Cancer, Sarcoidosis Sarcomas, Sezary Syndrome, Skin Cancer, Small Cell Lung
190913.00401 Cancer, Small Intestine Cancer, Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Squamous Neck Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal and Pineal Tumors, T-Cell Lymphoma, Testicular Cancer, Thymoma, Thyroid Cancer, Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Transitional Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer, TROPhoblastic Tumors, Ureter and Renal Pelvis Cell Cancer, Urethral Cancer, Uterine Cancer, Uterine Sarcoma, Vaginal Cancer, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Vulvar Cancer, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Wilms' Tumor, and any other hyperproliferative disease, besides neoplasia, located in an organ system listed above. The methods and compositions described and claimed herein may be used to treat malignant or premalignant conditions and to prevent progression to a neoplastic or malignant state, including but not limited to those disorders described above. Such uses are indicated in conditions known or suspected of preceding progression to neoplasia or cancer, in particular, where non-neoplastic cell growth consisting of hyperplasia, metaplasia, or most particularly, dysplasia has occurred (for review of such abnormal growth conditions, see Robbins and Angell, BASIC PATHOLOGY, 2d Ed., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp.68-79 (1976)). Dysplasia is frequently a forerunner of cancer, and is found mainly in the epithelia. It is the most disorderly form of non-neoplastic cell growth, involving a loss in individual cell uniformity and in the architectural orientation of cells. Dysplasia characteristically occurs where there exists chronic irritation or inflammation. Dysplastic disorders which can be treated include, but are not limited to, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, anterofacial dysplasia, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, atriodigital dysplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, cleidocranial dysplasia, congenital ectodermal dysplasia, craniodiaphysial dysplasia, craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, craniometaphysial dysplasia, dentin dysplasia, diaphysial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, enamel dysplasia, encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia, dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelia, dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex, dysplasia epiphysialis punctata, epithelial dysplasia, faciodigitogenital dysplasia, familial fibrous dysplasia of jaws, familial white folded dysplasia, fibromuscular dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia of bone, florid osseous dysplasia, hereditary renal-retinal dysplasia, hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, lymphopenic thymic dysplasia, mammary dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysplasia, metaphysial dysplasia, Mondini dysplasia, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, mucoepithelial dysplasia, multiple epiphysial dysplasia, oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, oculodentodigital dysplasia, oculovertebral dysplasia, odontogenic dysplasia, opthalmomandibulomelic
190913.00401 dysplasia, periapical cemental dysplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphysial dysplasia, retinal dysplasia, septo-optic dysplasia, spondyloepiphysial dysplasia, and ventriculoradial dysplasia. Additional pre-neoplastic disorders which can be treated include, but are not limited to, benign dysproliferative disorders (e.g., benign tumors, fibrocystic conditions, tissue hypertrophy, intestinal polyps or adenomas, and esophageal dysplasia), leukoplakia, keratoses, Bowen's disease, Farmer's Skin, solar cheilitis, and solar keratosis. In preferred embodiments, the method of the disclosure is used to inhibit growth, progression, and/or metastasis of cancers, in particular those listed above. Additional hyperproliferative diseases, disorders, and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, progression, and/or metastases of malignancies and related disorders such as leukemia (including acute leukemias (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (including myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic, monocytic, and erythroleukemia)) and chronic leukemias (e.g., chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia)), polycythemia vera, lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's disease), multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease, and solid tumors including, but not limited to, sarcomas and carcinomas such as fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, emangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma. Diagnostic Uses The antibodies or protein complexes described herein may be used to detect and/or measure an antigen in a sample, e.g., for diagnostic purposes. Accordingly, some
190913.00401 embodiments contemplate the use of one or more antibodies or protein complexes described herein in assays to detect the antigen and associated-disease or disorder. Exemplary diagnostic assays may comprise, e.g., contacting a sample, obtained from a patient, with an antibody or protein complex of this disclosure, wherein the antibody or protein complex is labeled with a detectable label or reporter molecule or used as a capture ligand to selectively isolate the antigen from a sample. In some embodiments, detectable label or reporter molecule is incorporate into the protein complex as an effector agent. Alternatively, an unlabeled antibody or protein complex can be used in diagnostic applications in combination with a secondary antibody, which is itself detectably labeled. The detectable label or reporter molecule can be a radioisotope, such as H, C, P, S, or I; a fluorescent or chemiluminescent moiety such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, or UKRGDPLQH^^ RU^ DQ^ HQ]\PH^ VXFK^ DV^ DONDOLQH^ SKRVSKDWDVH^^ ȕ-galactosidase, horseradish peroxidase, or luciferase. Specific exemplary assays that can be used to detect or measure a target in a sample include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In another aspect, this disclosure further provides a method for detecting the presence of an antigen in a sample comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment or protein complex described herein; and (ii) determining binding of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment or protein complex to the antigen, wherein binding of the antibody to the antigens is indicative of the antigen in the sample and associated-disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment or protein complex is conjugated to a label. In some embodiments, the step of detecting comprises contacting a secondary antibody with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and wherein the secondary antibody comprises a label. In some embodiments, the label includes a fluorescent label, a chemiluminescent label, a radiolabel, and an enzyme. In some embodiments, the step of detecting comprises detecting fluorescence or chemiluminescence. In some embodiments, the step of detecting comprises a competitive binding assay or ELISA. In some embodiments, the method further comprises binding the sample to a solid support. In some embodiments, the solid support includes microparticles, microbeads, magnetic beads, and an affinity purification column.
190913.00401 Samples that can be used in diagnostic assays according to the present disclosure include any tissue or fluid sample obtainable from a patient, which contains detectable quantities of an antigen of interest under normal or pathological conditions. Generally, levels of the antigen in a particular sample obtained from a healthy patient (e.g., a patient not afflicted with a disease associated with the antigen) will be measured to initially establish a baseline, or standard, level of the antigen. This baseline level can then be compared against the levels measured in samples obtained from individuals suspected of having the antigen and associated condition, or symptoms associated with such condition. KITS In another aspect, this disclosure provides a kit comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable dose unit of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of or the protein complex, or the pharmaceutical composition as described herein. Also within the scope of this disclosure is a kit for the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring the treatment of a disorder in a subject, comprising: the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of or the protein complex as described; and a least one detection reagent that binds specifically to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of or the protein complex thereof. In some embodiments, the kit also includes a container that contains the composition and optionally informational material. The informational material can be descriptive, instructional, marketing or other material that relates to the methods described herein and/or the use of the agents for therapeutic benefit. In an embodiment, the kit also includes an additional therapeutic agent, as described herein. For example, the kit includes a first container that contains the composition and a second container for the additional therapeutic agent. The informational material of the kits is not limited in its form. In some embodiments, the informational material can include information about production of the composition, concentration, date of expiration, batch or production site information, and so forth. In one embodiment, the informational material relates to methods of administering the composition, e.g., in a suitable dose, dosage form, or mode of administration (e.g., a dose, dosage form, or mode of administration described herein), to treat a subject in need thereof. In one embodiment, the instructions provide a dosing regimen, dosing schedule, and/or route of administration of the composition or the additional therapeutic agent. The information can be provided in a variety of formats, including printed text, computer-readable material, video
190913.00401 recording, or audio recording, or information that contains a link or address to substantive material. The kit can include one or more containers for the composition. In some embodiments, the kit contains separate containers, dividers or compartments for the composition and informational material. For example, the composition can be contained in a bottle or vial, and the informational material can be contained in a plastic sleeve or packet. In other embodiments, the separate elements of the kit are contained within a single, undivided container. For example, the composition is contained in a bottle or vial that has attached thereto the informational material in the form of a label. In some embodiments, the kit includes a plurality (e.g., a pack) of individual containers, each containing one or more unit dosage forms (e.g., a dosage form described herein) of the agents. The kit optionally includes a device suitable for administration of the composition or other suitable delivery device. The device can be provided pre-loaded with one or both of the agents or can be empty, but suitable for loading. Such a kit may optionally contain a syringe to allow for injection of the antibody or protein complex contained within the kit into an animal, such as a human. Definition A nucleic acid or polynucleotide refers to a DNA molecule (for example, but not limited to, a cDNA or genomic DNA) or an RNA molecule (for example, but not limited to, an mRNA), and includes DNA or RNA analogs. A DNA or RNA analog can be synthesized from nucleotide analogs. The DNA or RNA molecules may include portions that are not naturally occurring, such as modified bases, modified backbone, deoxyribonucleotides in an RNA, etc. The nucleic acid molecule can be single-stranded or double-stranded. The terms "polypeptide", "peptide" and "protein" are used interchangeably herein to refer to polymers of amino acids of any length. The polymer may be linear or branched, it may comprise modified amino acids, and it may be interrupted by non-amino acids. The terms also encompass an amino acid polymer that has been modified; for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, pegylation, or any other manipulation, such as conjugation with a labeling component. As used herein the term "amino acid" includes natural and/or unnatural or synthetic amino acids, including glycine and both the D or L optical isomers, and amino acid analogs and peptidomimetics. The terms also apply to amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acid residues is an analog or mimetic of a corresponding naturally occurring amino acid, as well as to naturally occurring
190913.00401 amino acid polymers. Polypeptides and proteins can be produced by a naturally-occurring and non-recombinant cell; or it is produced by a genetically-engineered or recombinant cell, and comprise molecules having the amino acid sequence of the native protein, or molecules having deletions from, additions to, and/or substitutions of one or more amino acids of the native sequence. The terms "polypeptide" and "protein" specifically encompass antigen binding proteins, antibodies, or sequences that have deletions from, additions to, and/or substitutions of one or more amino acids of an antigen-binding protein. The term "polypeptide fragment" refers to a polypeptide that has an amino-terminal deletion, a carboxyl-terminal deletion, and/or an internal deletion as compared with the full- length protein. Such fragments may also contain modified amino acids as compared with the full-length protein. In certain embodiments, fragments are about five to 500 amino acids long. For example, fragments may be at least 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 50, 70, 100, 110, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450 amino acids long. Useful polypeptide fragments include immunologically functional fragments of antibodies, including binding domains. As used herein, "expression" refers to the process by which a polynucleotide is transcribed from a DNA template (such as into and mRNA or other RNA transcript) and/or the process by which a transcribed mRNA is subsequently translated into peptides, polypeptides, or proteins. Transcripts and encoded polypeptides may be collectively referred to as "gene product." If the polynucleotide is derived from genomic DNA, expression may include splicing of the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell. The term "vector" means any molecule or entity (e.g., nucleic acid, plasmid, bacteriophage or virus) used to transfer protein coding information into a host cell. In some embodiments, a "vector" refers to a delivery vehicle that (a) promotes the expression of a polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequence; (b) promotes the production of the polypeptide therefrom; (c) promotes the transfection/transformation of target cells therewith; (d) promotes the replication of the nucleic acid sequence; (e) promotes stability of the nucleic acid; (f) promotes detection of the nucleic acid and/or transformed/transfected cells; and/or (g) otherwise imparts advantageous biological and/or physiochemical function to the polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid. A vector can be any suitable vector, including chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic nucleic acid vectors (a nucleic acid sequence comprising a suitable set of expression control elements). Examples of such vectors include derivatives of SV40, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors
190913.00401 derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, and viral nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) vectors. The term "expression vector" or "expression construct" refers to a vector that is suitable for transformation of a host cell and contains nucleic acid sequences that direct and/or control (in conjunction with the host cell) expression of one or more heterologous coding regions operatively linked thereto. An expression construct may include, but is not limited to, sequences that affect or control transcription, translation, and, if introns are present, affect RNA splicing of a coding region operably linked thereto. As used herein, "operably linked" means that the components to which the term is applied are in a relationship that allows them to carry out their inherent functions under suitable conditions. For example, a control sequence in a vector that is "operably linked" to a protein coding sequence is ligated thereto so that expression of the protein coding sequence is achieved under conditions compatible with the transcriptional activity of the control sequences. The term "host cell" means a cell that has been transformed with a nucleic acid sequence and thereby expresses a gene of interest. The term includes the progeny of the parent cell, whether or not the progeny is identical in morphology or in genetic make-up to the original parent cell, so long as the gene of interest is present. The term "immune cells" refers to cells of hematopoietic origin that are involved in the specific recognition of antigens. Immune cells include antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells or macrophages, B cells, T-cells, NK cells such as NK-92 cells, etc. T- cells include Teff cells and Treg cells. By “effector cell” as used herein is meant a cell of the immune system that has been induced to differentiate into a form capable of mounting a specific immune response, or a cell that expresses one or more Fc receptors and mediates one or more effector functions. Effector cells include but are not limited to monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mast cells, platelets, T cells, B cells, large granular lymphocytes, Langerhans' FHOOV^^QDWXUDO^NLOOHU^^1.^^FHOOV^^DQG^Ȗį^7^FHOOV^^DQG^PD\^EH^IURP^DQ\^RUJDQLVP^LQFOXGLQJ^EXW^ not limited to humans, mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys. By “effector function” as used herein is meant a biochemical event that results from the interaction of an antibody Fc region ZLWK^ DQ^)F^ UHFHSWRU^ RU^ OLJDQG^^(IIHFWRU^ IXQFWLRQV^ LQFOXGH^)FȖ5-mediated effector functions such as ADCC and ADCP, and complement-mediated effector functions such as CDC.
190913.00401 The term "fusion polypeptide" or "fusion protein" means a protein created by joining two or more polypeptide sequences together. The fusion polypeptides encompassed in this invention include translation products of a chimeric gene construct that joins the nucleic acid sequences encoding a first polypeptide, e.g., a targeting domain, with the nucleic acid sequence encoding a second polypeptide, e.g., an effector domain, to form a single open- reading frame. In other words, a "fusion polypeptide" or "fusion protein" is a recombinant protein of two or more proteins which are joined by a peptide bond or via several peptides. The fusion protein may also comprise a peptide linker between the two domains. The term "linker" refers to any means, entity or moiety used to join two or more entities. A linker can be a covalent linker or a non-covalent linker. Examples of covalent linkers include covalent bonds or a linker moiety covalently attached to one or more of the proteins or domains to be linked. The linker can also be a non-covalent bond, e.g., an organometallic bond through a metal center such as platinum atom. For covalent linkages, various functionalities can be used, such as amide groups, including carbonic acid derivatives, ethers, esters, including organic and inorganic esters, amino, urethane, urea and the like. To provide for linking, the domains can be modified by oxidation, hydroxylation, substitution, reduction etc. to provide a site for coupling. Methods for conjugation are well known by persons skilled in the art and are encompassed for use in the present invention. Linker moieties include, but are not limited to, chemical linker moieties, or for example a peptide linker moiety (a linker sequence). It will be appreciated that modification which do not significantly decrease the function of the targeting domain and effector domain are preferred. As used herein, the term "conjugate" or "conjugation" or "linked" as used herein refers to the attachment of two or more entities to form one entity. A conjugate encompasses both peptide-small molecule conjugates as well as peptide-protein/peptide conjugates. The terms "subject" and "patient" are used interchangeably herein to refer to a vertebrate, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human. Mammals include, but are not limited to, murines, simians, humans, farm animals, sport animals, and pets. Tissues, cells and their progeny of a biological entity obtained in vivo or cultured in vitro are also encompassed. In some embodiments, a subject may be an invertebrate animal, for example, an insect or a nematode; while in others, a subject may be a plant or a fungus. As used herein, "treatment" or "treating," or "palliating" or "ameliorating" are used interchangeably. These terms refer to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results
190913.00401 including but not limited to a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. By therapeutic benefit is meant any therapeutically relevant improvement in or effect on one or more diseases, conditions, or symptoms under treatment. For prophylactic benefit, the compositions may be administered to a subject at risk of developing a particular disease, condition, or symptom, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though the disease, condition, or symptom may not have yet been manifested. As used herein, the term "variant" refers to a second composition (e.g., a second molecule), that is related to a first composition (e.g., a first molecule, also termed a "parent" molecule). The variant molecule can be derived from, isolated from, based on or homologous to the parent molecule. The term variant can be used to describe either polynucleotides or polypeptides. As applied to polypeptide or protein (such as any of the immunoglobulin chains, targeting moiety/agent, effector moiety/agent, DDD moiety, and AD moiety described herein), a variant polypeptide can have entire amino acid sequence identity with the original parent polypeptide, or alternatively, can have less than 100% amino acid identity with the parent protein. For example, a variant of an amino acid sequence can be a second amino acid sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identical in amino acid sequence compared to the original amino acid sequence. A functional variant or equivalent of a reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein refers to a polypeptide derivative of the reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein, e.g., a protein having one or more point mutations, insertions, deletions, truncations, a fusion protein, or a combination thereof. It retains substantially the activity to of the reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein. In general, the functional equivalent is at least 50% (e.g., any number between 50% and 100%, inclusive, e.g., 60%, 70 %, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, and 99%) identical to the reference peptide, polypeptide, or protein. Polypeptide variants include polypeptides comprising the entire parent polypeptide, and further comprising additional fused amino acid sequences. Polypeptide variants also includes polypeptides that are portions or subsequences of the parent polypeptide, for example, unique subsequences (e.g., as determined by standard sequence comparison and alignment techniques) of the polypeptides disclosed herein are also encompassed by the disclosure.
190913.00401 In another aspect, polypeptide variants include polypeptides that contain minor, trivial or inconsequential changes to the parent amino acid sequence. For example, minor, trivial or inconsequential changes include amino acid changes (including substitutions, deletions and insertions) that have little or no impact on the biological activity of the polypeptide, and yield functionally identical polypeptides, including additions of non-functional peptide sequence. One of skill will appreciate that many variants of the disclosed polypeptides are encompassed by the disclosure. In some aspects, polynucleotide or polypeptide variants of the disclosure can include variant molecules that alter, add or delete a small percentage of the nucleotide or amino acid positions, for example, typically less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than 4%, less than 2% or less than 1%. As used herein, the term "conservative substitutions" in a nucleotide or amino acid sequence refers to changes in the nucleotide sequence that either (i) do not result in any corresponding change in the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the triplet codon code, or (ii) result in a substitution of the original parent amino acid with an amino acid having a chemically similar structure. Conservative substitution tables providing functionally similar amino acids are well known in the art, where one amino acid residue is substituted for another amino acid residue having similar chemical properties (e.g., aromatic side chains or positively charged side chains), and therefore does not substantially change the functional properties of the resulting polypeptide molecule. The following are groupings of natural amino acids that contain similar chemical properties, where a substitution within a group is a "conservative" amino acid substitution. This grouping indicated below is not rigid, as these natural amino acids can be placed in different grouping when different functional properties are considered. Amino acids having nonpolar and/or aliphatic side chains include: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and proline. Amino acids having polar, uncharged side chains include: serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, asparagine and glutamine. Amino acids having aromatic side chains include: phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Amino acids having positively charged side chains include: lysine, arginine and histidine. Amino acids having negatively charged side chains include: aspartate and glutamate. As applied to polynucleotides, a variant molecule can have entire nucleotide sequence identity with the original parent molecule, or alternatively, can have less than 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the parent molecule. For example, a variant of a nucleotide sequence can be a second nucleotide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%,
190913.00401 95%, 98%, 99% or more identical in nucleotide sequence compared to the original nucleotide sequence. Polynucleotide variants also include polynucleotides comprising the entire parent polynucleotide, and further comprising additional fused nucleotide sequences. Polynucleotide variants also includes polynucleotides that are portions or subsequences of the parent polynucleotide, for example, unique subsequences (e.g., as determined by standard sequence comparison and alignment techniques) of the polynucleotides disclosed herein are also encompassed by the disclosure. In another aspect, polynucleotide variants include nucleotide sequences that contain minor, trivial or inconsequential changes to the parent nucleotide sequence. For example, minor, trivial or inconsequential changes include changes to nucleotide sequence that (i) do not change the amino acid sequence of the corresponding polypeptide, (ii) occur outside the protein-coding open reading frame of a polynucleotide, (iii) result in deletions or insertions that may impact the corresponding amino acid sequence, but have little or no impact on the biological activity of the polypeptide, (iv) the nucleotide changes result in the substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid. In the case where a polynucleotide does not encode for a protein (for example, a tRNA or a crRNA or a tracrRNA), variants of that polynucleotide can include nucleotide changes that do not result in loss of function of the polynucleotide. In another aspect, conservative variants of the disclosed nucleotide sequences that yield functionally identical nucleotide sequences are encompassed by the disclosure. One of skill will appreciate that many variants of the disclosed nucleotide sequences are encompassed by the disclosure. As disclosed herein, a number of ranges of values are provided. It is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the disclosure. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither, or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the disclosure, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the disclosure. The term “about” generally refers to plus or minus 10% of the indicated number. For example, “about 10%” may indicate a range of 9% to 11%, and “about 20” may mean
190913.00401 from 18-22. Other meanings of “about” may be apparent from the context, such as rounding off, so, for example “about 1” may also mean from 0.5 to 1.4. The term "antibody" as referred to herein includes whole antibodies and any antigen- binding fragment or single chains thereof. Whole antibodies are glycoproteins comprising at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region. The light chain constant region is comprised of one domain, CL. The VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR). Each VH and VL is composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FRl, CDRl, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The heavy chain variable region CDRs and FRs are HFRl, HCDRl, HFR2, HCDR2, HFR3, HCDR3, HFR4. The light chain variable region CDRs and FRs are LFRl, LCDRl, LFR2, LCDR2, LFR3, LCDR3, LFR4. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen. The constant regions of the antibodies can mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the first component (CIq) of the classical complement system. An “immunoglobulin (Ig)” is meant a protein consisting of one or more polypeptides substantially encoded by immunoglobulin genes. Immunoglobulins include but are not limited to antibodies. Immunoglobulins may have a number of structural forms, including but not limited to full length antibodies, antibody fragments, and individual immunoglobulin domains. The term "antigen-binding fragment or portion" of an antibody (or simply "antibody fragment or portion"), as used herein, refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to an antigen (e.g., CD3). It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody. Examples of binding fragments encompassed within the term "antigen-binding fragment or portion" of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CHI domains; (ii) a F(ab')2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fab'
190913.00401 fragment, which is essentially an Fab with part of the hinge region (see, FUNDAMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (Paul ed., 3rd ed. 1993)); (iv) a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CHI domains; (v) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (vi) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341:544-546), which consists of a VH domain; (vii) an isolated CDR; and (viii) a nanobody, a heavy chain variable region containing a single variable domain and two constant domains. Furthermore, although the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH, are coded for by separate genes, they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain Fv or scFv); see e.g., Bird et al. (1988) Science 242:423-426; and Huston et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883). Such single chain antibodies are also intended to be encompassed within the term "antigen-binding fragment or portion" of an antibody. These antibody fragments are obtained using conventional techniques known to those with skill in the art, and the fragments are screened for utility in the same manner as are intact antibodies. By “constant region” of an antibody as defined herein is meant the region of the antibody that is encoded by one of the light or heavy chain immunoglobulin constant region genes. By “constant light chain” or “light chain constant region” as used herein is meant the UHJLRQ^RI^DQ^DQWLERG\^HQFRGHG^E\^WKH^NDSSD^^&^^^RU^ODPEGD^^&^^^OLJKW^FKDins. The constant light chain typically comprises a single domain, and as defined herein refers to positions 108- 214 RI^ &^^ RU^ &^^^ ZKHUHLQ^ QXPEHULQJ^ LV^ DFFRUGLQJ^ WR^ WKH^ (8^ LQGH[^^ %\^ ³FRQVWDQW^ KHDY\^ chain” or “heavy chain constant region” as used herein is meant the region of an antibody encoded by the mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon genes to define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, or IgE, respectively. For full length IgG antibodies, the constant heavy chain, as defined herein, refers to the N-terminus of the CH1 domain to the C-terminus of the CH3 domain, thus comprising positions 118-447, wherein numbering is according to the EU index. By “Fab” or “Fab region” as used herein is meant the polypeptides that comprise the VH, CH1, VH, and CL immunoglobulin domains. Fab may refer to this region in isolation, or this region in the context of a full length antibody or antibody fragment. By “Fc” or “Fc region” or “Fc domain”, as used herein is meant the polypeptide comprising the constant region of an antibody excluding the first constant region immunoglobulin domain. Thus Fc refers to the last two constant region immunoglobulin
190913.00401 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG, and the last three constant region immunoglobulin domains of IgE and IgM, and the flexible hinge N-terminal to these domains. For IgA and IgM, Fc may include the J chain. For IgG, Fc comprises immunoglobulin domains Cgamma2 and &JDPPD^^ ^&Ȗ^^ DQG^ &Ȗ^^^ DQG^ WKH^ KLQJH^ EHWZHHQ^ &JDPPD^^ ^&Ȗ^^^ DQG^ &JDPPD^^ ^&Ȗ^^^^ Although the boundaries of the Fc region may vary, for purpose herein, the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is defined as starting at E216 to its carboxyl-terminus, wherein the numbering is according to the EU index as in Kabat. Fc may refer to this region in isolation, or this region in the context of an Fc polypeptide such as an antibody or immunoadhesin (e.g. an Fc fusion protein), as described below. It should be noted that for the purposes described herein, “Fc region” generally includes the hinge region, comprising residues 216-237, unless noted otherwise. Thus, an “Fc variant” can include variants of the hinge region, in the SUHVHQFH^RU^DEVHQFH^RI^DGGLWLRQDO^DPLQR^DFLG^PRGLILFDWLRQV^LQ^WKH^&Ȗ^^DQG^&Ȗ^^GRPDLQV^ By “hinge” or “hinge region” or “antibody hinge region” or “immunoglobulin hinge region” herein is meant the flexible polypeptide comprising the amino acids between the first and second constant domains of an antibody. Structurally, the IgG CH1 domain ends at EU position 215, and the IgG CH2 domain begins at residue EU position 238. Thus for IgG the antibody hinge is herein defined to include positions 216 (E216 in IgG1) to 237 (G237 in IgG1), wherein the numbering is according to the EU index as in Kabat. In some embodiments, for example in the context of an Fc region, the lower hinge is included, with the “lower hinge” generally referring to positions 231 to 237. An "isolated antibody", as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody that is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that specifically binds to a specific antigen, is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than the specific antigen). An isolated antibody can be substantially free of other cellular material and/or chemicals. The terms "monoclonal antibody" or "monoclonal antibody composition" as used herein refer to a preparation of antibody molecules of single molecular composition. A monoclonal antibody composition displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope. The term "human antibody" is intended to include antibodies having variable regions in which both the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. Furthermore, if the antibody contains a constant region, the constant region also is derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. The
190913.00401 human antibodies of the disclosure can include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo). However, the term "human antibody", as used herein, is not intended to include antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences. The term "human monoclonal antibody" refers to antibodies displaying a single binding specificity, which have variable regions in which both the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. In one embodiment, the human monoclonal antibodies can be produced by a hybridoma that includes a B cell obtained from a transgenic nonhuman animal, e.g., a transgenic mouse, having a genome comprising a human heavy chain transgene and a light chain transgene fused to an immortalized cell. The term "recombinant human antibody", as used herein, includes all human antibodies that are prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means, such as (a) antibodies isolated from an animal (e.g., a mouse) that is transgenic or transchromosomal for human immunoglobulin genes or a hybridoma prepared therefrom (described further below), (b) antibodies isolated from a host cell transformed to express the human antibody, e.g., from a transfectoma, (c) antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial human antibody library, and (d) antibodies prepared, expressed, created or isolated by any other means that involve splicing of human immunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences. Such recombinant human antibodies have variable regions in which the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. In certain embodiments, however, such recombinant human antibodies can be subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or, when an animal transgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis) and thus the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo. The term "isotype" refers to the antibody class (e.g., IgM or IgG1) that is encoded by the heavy chain constant region genes. The phrases "an antibody recognizing an antigen" and "an antibody specific for an antigen" are used interchangeably herein with the term "an antibody which binds specifically to an antigen."
190913.00401 The term "human antibody derivatives" refers to any modified form of the human antibody, e.g., a conjugate of the antibody and another agent or antibody. The term "humanized antibody" is intended to refer to antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species, such as a mouse, have been grafted onto human framework sequences. Additional framework region modifications can be made within the human framework sequences. The term "chimeric antibody" is intended to refer to antibodies in which the variable region sequences are derived from one species and the constant region sequences are derived from another species, such as an antibody in which the variable region sequences are derived from a mouse antibody and the constant region sequences are derived from a human antibody. The term can also refer to an antibody in which its variable region sequence or CDR(s) is derived from one source (e.g., an IgA1 antibody) and the constant region sequence or Fc is derived from a different source (e.g., a different antibody, such as an IgG, IgA2, IgD, IgE or IgM antibody). "Single chain antibodies" or "scFvs" are Fv molecules in which the heavy and light chain variable regions have been connected by a flexible linker to form a single polypeptide chain, which forms an antigen-binding region. scFvs are discussed in detail in WO 88/01649 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778 and No. 5,260,203, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. A "domain antibody" or "single chain immunoglobulin" is an immunologically functional immunoglobulin fragment containing only the variable region of a heavy chain or the variable region of a light chain. Examples of domain antibodies include NanobodiesTM. In some instances, two or more VH regions are covalently joined with a peptide linker to create a bivalent domain antibody. The two VH regions of a bivalent domain antibody may target the same or different antigens. As used herein, the term "antibody fusion protein" is a recombinantly produced antigen-binding molecule in which an antibody or antibody fragment is linked to another protein or peptide, such as the same or different antibody or antibody fragment or a DDD or AD peptide. The fusion protein may comprise a single antibody component, a multivalent or multispecific combination of different antibody components or multiple copies of the same antibody component. The fusion protein may additionally comprise an antibody or an antibody fragment and a therapeutic agent. Examples of therapeutic agents suitable for such fusion proteins include immunomodulators and toxins. One preferred toxin comprises a
190913.00401 ribonuclease (RNase), preferably a recombinant RNase. A preferred immunomodulator might be an interferon, such as interferon-alpha., interferon-beta, or interferon-lamda. A “molecular complex” is a group of two or more associated moieties or molecules, linked by either covalent or non-covalent interactions. Examples of such a molecular complex include an antibody and an antigen-binding portion thereof. A “multispecific” complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody that can bind simultaneously to at least two targets that are of different structure, e.g., two different antigens, two different epitopes on the same antigen, or a hapten and/or an antigen or epitope. A "multivalent " complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody that can bind simultaneously to at least two targets that are of the same or different structure. Valency indicates how many binding arms or sites the complex, protein, or antibody has to a single antigen or epitope; i.e., monovalent, bivalent, trivalent or multivalent. The multivalency of the complex, protein, or antibody means that it can take advantage of multiple interactions in binding to an antigen, thus increasing the avidity of binding to the antigen. Specificity indicates how many antigens or epitopes a complex, protein, or antibody is able to bind; i.e., monospecific, bispecific, trispecific, multispecific. Using these definitions, a natural antibody, e.g., an IgG, is bivalent because it has two binding arms but is monospecific because it binds to one epitope. Multispecific, multivalent antibodies are constructs that have more than one binding site of different specificity. A " multispecific” complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody can bind simultaneously to more than one target or epitope which are of different structure, including but not limited to a "bispecific” complex, protein, or antibody. Such a complex, protein, or antibody includes two or more binding moieties with different specificities. A "bispecific” complex, protein, or antibody is a complex, protein, or antibody that can bind simultaneously to two targets or epitopes which are of different structure. T cell- redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAb) and bispecific antibody fragments (bsFab or others) may have at least one arm that specifically binds to, for example, a T cell, and at least one other arm that specifically binds to an antigen produced by or associated with a diseased cell, tissue, organ or pathogen, for example a tumor-associated antigen. A variety of bispecific antibodies can be produced using molecular engineering. As used herein, the term “affinity” refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody) and
190913.00401 its binding partner (e.g., an antigen). Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, "binding affinity" refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1:1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen). The affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (KD). Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein. As used herein, a protein that "specifically binds to” an antigen refers to a protein that ELQGV^ WR^ WKH^ DQWLJHQ^ ZKHQ^ WKH^ GLVVRFLDWLRQ^ FRQVWDQW^ ^.'^^ LV^ ^^ ^^-6 M as measured via a surface plasma resonance technique (e.g., BIACore, GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden) or Kinetic Exclusion Assay (KinExA, Sapidyne, Boise, Id.). Preferably, the protein (e.g., antibody) binds to the antigen with "high affinity", namely with a KD of 1 X l0-7 M or less, more preferably 5 x 10-8 M or less, more preferably 3 x 10-8 M or less, more preferably 1 x 10-8 M or less, more preferably 5 x 10-9 M or less or even more preferably 1 x 10-9 M or less. The term "does not substantially bind" to a protein or cells, as used herein, means does not bind or does not bind with a high affinity to the protein or cells, i.e., binds to the protein or cells with a KD of 1 x 10-6 M or more, more preferably 1 x 10-5 M or more, more preferably 1 x 10-4 M or more, more preferably 1 x 10-3 M or more, even more preferably 1 x 10-2 M or more. The term "Kassoc" or "Ka", as used herein, is intended to refer to the association rate of a particular antibody-antigen interaction, whereas the term "Kdis" or "Kd," as used herein, is intended to refer to the dissociation rate of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. The term "KD," as used herein, is intended to refer to the dissociation constant, which is obtained from the ratio of Kd to Ka (i.e., Kd/Ka) and is expressed as a molar concentration (M). KD values for antibodies can be determined using methods well established in the art. A preferred method for determining the KD of an antibody is by using surface plasmon resonance, preferably using a biosensor system such as a Biacore® system. The term "epitope" as used herein refers to an antigenic determinant that interacts with a specific antigen-binding site in the variable region of an antibody molecule known as a paratope. A single antigen may have more than one epitope. Thus, different antibodies may bind to different areas on an antigen and may have different biological effects. The term "epitope" also refers to a site on an antigen to which B and/or T cells respond. It also refers to a region of an antigen that is bound by an antibody. Epitopes may be defined as structural or functional. Functional epitopes are generally a subset of the structural epitopes and have those residues that directly contribute to the affinity of the interaction. Epitopes may also be
190913.00401 conformational, that is, composed of non-linear amino acids. In certain embodiments, epitopes may include determinants that are chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids, sugar side chains, phosphoryl groups, or sulfonyl groups, and, in certain embodiments, may have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics, and/or specific charge characteristics. An epitope typically includes at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 amino acids in a unique spatial conformation. Methods for determining what epitopes are bound by a given antibody (i.e., epitope mapping) are well known in the art and include, for example, immunoblotting and immune-precipitation assays, wherein overlapping or contiguous peptides from an antigen protein are tested for reactivity with a given antibody. Methods of determining spatial conformation of epitopes include techniques in the art and those described herein, for example, x-ray crystallography and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (see, e.g. , Epitope Mapping Protocols in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol.66, G. E. Morris, Ed. (1996)). The term "binds to an epitope" or "recognizes an epitope" with reference to an antibody or antibody fragment refers to continuous or discontinuous segments of amino acids within an antigen. Those of skill in the art understand that the terms do not necessarily mean that the antibody or antibody fragment is in direct contact with every amino acid within an epitope sequence. The term “binding pair" refers to a first molecule and a second molecule that specifically bind to each other. Exemplary binding pairs include any haptenic or antigenic compound in combination with a corresponding antibody or binding portion or fragment thereof (e.g., digoxigenin and anti-digoxigenin) and nonimmunological binding pairs (e.g., biotin-avidin, biotin-streptavidin, biotin-neutravidin, hormone (e.g., thyroxine and cortisol- hormone binding protein), receptor-receptor agonist, receptor-receptor antagonist (e.g., acetylcholine receptor-acetylcholine or an analog thereof), IgG-protein A, IgG-protein G, IgG-synthesized protein AG, lectin-carbohydrate, enzyme-enzyme cofactor, enzyme-enzyme inhibitor, and complementary oligonucleotide pairs capable of forming nucleic acid duplexes), and the like. The binding pair can also include a first molecule which is negatively charged and a second molecule which is positively charged. As used herein, the term “immune response” refers to a biological response within a vertebrate against foreign agents, cancerous or other abnormal cells, which response protects the organism against these agents and diseases caused by them. An immune response is mediated by the action of a cell of the immune system (for example, a T lymphocyte, B
190913.00401 lymphocyte, natural killer (NK) cell, macrophage, eosinophil, mast cell, dendritic cell or neutrophil) and soluble macromolecules produced by any of these cells or the liver (including antibodies, cytokines, and complement) that results in selective targeting, binding to, damage to, destruction of, and/or elimination from the vertebrate's body of invading pathogens, cells or tissues infected with pathogens, cancerous or other abnormal cells, or, in cases of autoimmunity or pathological inflammation, normal human cells or tissues. An immune reaction includes, e.g., activation or inhibition of a T cell, e.g., an effector T cell or a Th cell, such as a CD4+ or CD8+ T cell, or the inhibition of a Treg cell. An "effective amount" is generally an amount sufficient to reduce the severity and/or frequency of symptoms, eliminate the symptoms and/or underlying cause, prevent the occurrence of symptoms and/or their underlying cause, and/or improve or remediate the damage that results from or is associated with the disease state. In some embodiments, the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount. When applied to an individual active ingredient, administered alone, the term refers to that ingredient alone. When applied to a combination, the term refers to combined amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially or simultaneously. A "therapeutically effective amount" is an amount sufficient to remedy a disease state or symptoms, particularly a state or symptoms associated with the disease state, or otherwise prevent, hinder, retard or reverse the progression of the disease state or any other undesirable symptom associated with the disease in any way whatsoever. A "prophylactically effective amount" is an amount of a pharmaceutical composition that, when administered to a subject, will have the intended prophylactic effect, e.g., preventing or delaying the onset (or reoccurrence) of the disease state, or reducing the likelihood of the onset (or reoccurrence) of the disease state or associated symptoms. The full therapeutic or prophylactic effect does not necessarily occur by administration of one dose, and may occur only after administration of a series of doses. Thus, a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” refers to a carrier medium or an excipient which does not interfere with the effectiveness of the biological activity of the active ingredient(s) of the composition and which is not excessively toxic to the host at the concentrations at which it is administered. In the context of the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is preferably suitable for
190913.00401 topical formulation. The term includes, but is not limited to, a solvent, a stabilizer, a solubilizer, a tonicity enhancing agent, a structure-forming agent, a suspending agent, a dispersing agent, a chelating agent, an emulsifying agent, an anti-foaming agent, an ointment base, an emollient, a skin protecting agent, a gel-forming agent, a thickening agent, a pH adjusting agent, a preservative, a penetration enhancer, a complexing agent, a lubricant, a demulcent, a viscosity enhancer, a bioadhesive polymer, or a combination thereof. The use of such agents for the formulation of pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art (see, for example, "Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences", E. W. Martin, 18th Ed., 1990, Mack Publishing Co.: Easton, PA, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). As used herein, the term “agent” denotes a chemical compound, a mixture of chemical compounds, a biological macromolecule (such as a nucleic acid, an antibody, a protein or portion thereof, e.g., a peptide), or an extract made from biological materials such as bacteria, plants, fungi, or animal (particularly mammalian) cells or tissues. The activity of such agents may render it suitable as a “therapeutic agent,” which is a biologically, physiologically, or pharmacologically active substance (or substances) that acts locally or systemically in a subject. As used herein, the terms “therapeutic agent,” “therapeutic capable agent,” or “treatment agent” are used interchangeably and refer to a molecule or compound that confers some beneficial effect upon administration to a subject. The beneficial effect includes enablement of diagnostic determinations; amelioration of a disease, symptom, disorder, or pathological condition; reducing or preventing the onset of a disease, symptom, disorder, or condition; and generally counteracting a disease, symptom, disorder or pathological condition. The following examples illustrate the disclosure. These examples should not be construed as to limit the scope of this invention. The examples are included for purposes of illustration, and the present application establishes a priority date for prospective worldwide patent rights covering the disclosure. EXAMPLES Example 1-Generation of Cell Line Expressing Anti-CD3 Single Chain-AD modules To make T-cell redirecting IgG-scFv bispecific antibodies, three master cell lines were first generated to express different anti-CD3 scFv-AD modules. The KXĮ^VF-AD2 (SEQ ID NO 8) and KXĮ^VF-AD7 (SEQ ID NO 9) modules were designed from humanized SP34
190913.00401 mAb against CD3, where the CDRs of KXĮ^ are delineated in Table 1. The 3scFv module (SEQ ID NO 32) was designed from humanized Okt3 mAb against CD3. Table 1. The complementary-determining regions (CDRs) of huĮ3 (anti-CD3) 9/^KXĮ^^ LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.15) LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.16) LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.17) GFTFNTYAMN RIRSKYNNYATYYADSVKD HGNFGNSYVSWFAY
Module 1^^KXĮ^Vc-AD2 This module was designed from humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with addition of an anchor domain (plus CG and GC at the N- and C-termini, respectively, designated as AD2) of AKAP proteins and assembled in the format of Vk-L1-VH-L2-AD2-GS-6H, where the V domains of humanized SP34 mAb were fused via a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD2 and a 6-His tag. The sequences of the leader peptide, anti-CD3 variable domains, linkers, and AD2 were shown below. Leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS VK sequence of anti-&'^^VLQJOH^FKDLQ^KXĮ^VF^^6(4^,'^12^^^ QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVL L1 linker (SEQ ID NO 27) GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS VH sequence of anti-&'^^VLQJOH^FKDLQ^KXĮ^Vc (SEQ ID NO 5) EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS S L2 linker (SEQ ID NO 6) GGGSGGGSGGGS AD2 peptide (SEQ ID NO 2) CGQIVYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC GS-6-His (SEQ ID NO 7) GS-HHHHHH
190913.00401 A cDNA sequence encoding the leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) and KXĮ^VF-AD2 (SEQ ID NOs 4, 27, 5-6, 2, 7) was synthesized and cloned into the pcDNA3.4 vector (G418R). A Kozak sequence of “GCCGCCACC” (SEQ ID NO:39) was added adjacent to the ATG start codon to produce the final expression vector. The expression vector was transfected into CHO or Sp2/0 cells using the Neon Electroporation Transfection System. Clones were selected in media containing 0.25 mg/ml G418 and screened for protein expression by dot blot. The supernatants were captured on nitrocellulose membranes and detected with an HRP-labeled anti-His mAb. The clone with the highest protein expression was further cultured and screened until a stable subclone was established as a master cell line. The AD2-linked anti-CD3 single chain module was designated as KXĮ^VF-AD2 (SEQ ID NO 8). The master cell line was designated as KXĮ^VF-AD2-SC34. Vk-L1-VH-L2-AD2-GS-6-+LV^RI^KXĮ^VF-AD2 (SEQ ID NO 8) QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVLGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS SGGGSGGGSGGGSCGQIVYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGCGSHHHHHH Module 2^^KXĮ^VF-AD7 This module was designed from humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with addition of an anchor domain (plus CG and GC at the N- and C-termini, respectively, designated as AD7) from AKAP7 (knows as AKAP18 or AKAP15) protein and assembled in the format of Vk-L1-VH-L2-AD7-GS-6H, where the V domains of humanized SP34 mAb were fused via a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD7 and a 6-His tag. The sequences of the leader peptide, anti-CD3 variable domains, linkers, and AD7 were shown below. Leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS Vk sequence of anti-CD3 single chain KXĮ^VF^^6(4^,'^12^^^ QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVL L1 linker (SEQ ID NO 27) GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS VH sequence of anti-&'^^VLQJOH^FKDLQ^KXĮ^VF^^6(4^,'^12^^^
190913.00401 EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS S L2 linker (SEQ ID NO 6) GGGSGGGSGGGS AD7 peptide (SEQ ID NO 3) CGPEDAELVRLSKRLVENAVLKAVQQYGC GS-6-His (SEQ ID NO 7) GS-HHHHHH A cDNA sequence encoding the leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) and KXĮ^VF-AD7 (SEQ ID NOs 4, 27, 5-6, 3, 7) was synthesized and cloned into the pcDNA3.4-P vector (PuromycinR). A Kozak sequence of “GCCGCCACC” (SEQ ID NO:39) was added adjacent to the ATG start codon to produce the final expression vector. The expression vector was transfected into CHO or Sp2/0 cells using the Neon Electroporation Transfection System. &ORQHV^ ZHUH^ VHOHFWHG^ LQ^ PHGLD^ FRQWDLQLQJ^ ^^^ ^J^PO^ Puromycin and screened for protein expression by dot blot. The supernatants were captured on nitrocellulose membranes and detected with an HRP-labeled anti-His mAb. The clone with the highest protein expression was further cultured and screened until a stable subclone was established as a master cell line. The AD7-linked anti-CD3 single chain module was designated as KXĮ^VF-AD7 (SEQ ID NO 9). The master cell line was designated as KXĮ^VF-AD7-SC7. Vk-L1-VH-L2-AD7-GS-6-+LV^RI^KXĮ^VF-AD7 (SEQ ID NO 9) QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVLGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS SGGGSGGGSGGGSCGPEDAELVRLSKRLVENAVLKAVQQYGCGSHHHHHH Module 3: 3scFv This module was designed from humanized Okt3 mAb against CD3 with addition of AD2 (SEQ ID NO 2) and assembled in the format of VH-L1-VK-L2-AD2-GS-6H, where the V domains of humanized Okt3 mAb were fused via a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD2 and a 6-His tag. The sequences of the leader peptide, anti-CD3 variable domains, linkers, and AD2 were shown below. 澳 Leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS
190913.00401 VH sequence of anti-CD3 scFv (SEQ ID NO 29) DIKLQQSGAELARPGASVKMSCKTSGYTFTRYTMHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGYINPSRGYTNYNQ KFKDKATLTTDKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARYYDDHYSLDYWGQGTTLTVSS L1a linker (SEQ ID NO 30) VEGGSGGSGGSGGSGGVD VK sequence of anti-CD3 scFv (SEQ ID NO 31) DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVSYMNWYQQKSGTSPKRWIYDTSKVASGVPYRFS GSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAATYYCQQWSSNPLTFGAGTKLELK L2 linker (SEQ ID NO 6) GGGSGGGSGGGS AD2 peptide (SEQ ID NO 2) CGQIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC GS-6-His (SEQ ID NO 7) GS-HHHHHH 澳 A cDNA sequence encoding the leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) and 3scFv (SEQ ID NOs 29-31, 6, 2, 7) was synthesized and cloned into the pcDNA3.4 vector. A Kozak sequence of “GCCGCCACC” (SEQ ID NO:39) was added adjacent to the ATG start codon to produce the final expression vector. The expression vector was transfected into CHO or Sp2/0 cells using the Neon Electroporation Transfection System. Clones were selected in media containing 0.25 mg/ml G418 and screened for protein expression by dot blot. The supernatants were captured on nitrocellulose membranes and detected with an HRP-labeled anti-His mAb. The clone with the highest protein expression was further cultured and screened until a stable subclone was established as a master cell line. The AD2-linked anti- CD3 single chain module was designated as 3scFv (SEQ ID NO 32). The master cell line was designated as 3scFv-C21. VH-L1a-VK-L2-AD2-GS-6H of 3scFv (SEQ ID NO 32) DIKLQQSGAELARPGASVKMSCKTSGYTFTRYTMHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGYINPSRGYTNYNQ KFKDKATLTTDKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARYYDDHYSLDYWGQGTTLTVSS- VEGGSGGSGGSGGSGGVD- DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVSYMNWYQQKSGTSPKRWIYDTSKVASGVPYRFS GSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAATYYCQQWSSNPLTFGAGTKLELK-GGGSGGGSGGGS- CGQIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC-GS-HHHHHH Example 2-Generation of Cell Line Expressing Anti-CD3 Fab-AD
190913.00401 To make T-cell redirecting IgG-Fab bispecific antibodies, two master cell lines were generated expressing different anti-CD3-Fab-AD modules. In these modules, the domains of VK and VH were exchanged to link with CH1 and CK, respectively, to avoid light-chain mispairing. Module 1: huĮ3cm-Fab-AD2 (Ck) This module was designed from a Fab of humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with a crossover between VK and VH domains, and the CK domain was fused with a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD2 and a 6-His tag. Two chains with domain crossover were assembled in the formats of Vk-SS-CH1 and VH-Ck-L2-AD2, respectively. The sequences of the leader peptide, anti-CD3 variable and constant domains, linkers, and AD2 were shown below. hXĮ^FP^^9N-SS-CH1 Leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS Vk (SEQ ID NO 4) QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVL SS-CH1 (SEQ ID NO 33) SS-
KXĮ^FP^^9+-&N-L2-AD2 Leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS VH (SEQ ID NO 5) EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS S Ck (SEQ ID NO 34) ASVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSK DSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC L2 linker (SEQ ID NO 6) GGGSGGGSGGGS
190913.00401 AD2 (SEQ ID NO 2) CGQIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC Two cDNA sequences encoding the leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28)-Vk-SS-CH1 (SEQ ID NOs 4 and 33) and leader peptide (SEQ ID NO 28)-VH-Ck-L2-AD2 (SEQ ID NOs 5, 34, 6, and 2), respectively, were synthesized and cloned into human IgG expression vectors where the original CH and Ck sequences were replaced by two synthesized cDNA sequences. In addition, the MTX resistance gene (DHFR) in the vector was replaced by a puromycin resistance gene to produce the final expression vector for huĮ3cm-Fab-AD2 (Ck). The AD2- linked anti-CD3 Fab module was designated as huĮ3cm-Fab-AD2 (Ck) (SEQ ID NOs 35 and 36). Vk-&+^^RI^KXĮ^FP-Fab-AD2(SEQ ID NO 35) QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVL- SSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSC VH-CK-GS-AD2 RI^KXĮ^FP-Fab-AD2 (SEQ ID NO 36) EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS S- ASVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSK DSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC-GGGSGGGSGGGS- CGQIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC Module 2: huĮ3cm-Fab-AD2 (CH1) This module was designed from a Fab of humanized SP34 mAb against CD3 with a crossover between VK and VH domains, and the CH1 domain was fused with a flexible peptide linker, followed by AD2 and a 6-His tag. Two chains with domain crossover were assembled in the formats of Vk-SS-CH1-AD2 and VH-Ck-L2, respectively. The AD2-linked anti-CD3 Fab module was designated as huĮ3cm-Fab-AD2 (CH1) (SEQ ID NOs 37 and 38). 9N-CH1-GS-$'^^RI^KXĮ^FP-Fab-AD2(SEQ ID NO 37) QAVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTLTCRSSTGAVTTSNYANWVQQTPGQAFRGLIGGTNKRAPGVPA RFSGSILGDKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCALWYSNLWVFGGGTKLTVLSSASTKGPSVFPLAP SSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSS LGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCGGGSGGGSGGGSCGQIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQAGC VH-&N-GS-+LV^RI^KXĮ^FP-Fab-AD2(SEQ ID NO 38) EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKYNNYATYY ADSVKDRFTISRDDSKSSLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRHGNFGNSYVSWFAYWGQGTLVTVS
190913.00401 SASVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDS KDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGECGSHHHHHH Example 3- Generation of humanized anti-Trop2 antibody hL0125 Mice were immunized using a recombinant human Trop2 extracellular fragment (AA1-275). Five mice received 4 consecutive immunizations. Blood was taken and serum prepared, which was used for titer determination by ELISA. Animals with highest titers were selected for boosting, and monoclonal antibodies were isolated by hybridoma technology- fusion of splenocytes to mouse Sp2/0 myeloma cells. Supernatants from large colonies of hybridoma cells were screened by ELISA against human Trop2 captured in Maxisorp plate, and 40 positive supernatants were selected for further screening. Clones were tested for binding to recombinant human Trop2 protein (amino acid residues 1-275) by ELISA and binding to Trop2 positive and negative cell lines by FACS. Based on binding affinity and specificity, the clone L0125 was selected for subcloning and cDNA sequencing to produce recombinant and humanized IgG. The CDRs of L0125 are delineated in Table 2. Based upon the amino acid sequences of the VL and VH domains of murine anti-L0125 antibody, chimeric and humanized anti- Trop2 antibodies (cL0125 and hL0125) were generated. The humanization is based on sequence alignment using IGBLAST-A tool for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) V domain sequences and BLAST query for human protein database as well as the Therapeutic Antibody Database. The amino acid sequence of humanized VL-variant are in SEQ ID NO. 47, and the amino acid sequence of humanized VH-variant are in SEQ ID NO. 48. The humanized amino acid sequences for light and heavy chain variable regions of hL0125 were back translated into DNAs which were synthesized and cloned into human IgG expression vectors as fusion proteins. The recombinant IgG antibodies were produced and purified from cell culture supernatants by standard methods for antibody preparation. Table 2. The complementary-determining regions (CDRs) of hL0125-Cm (anti-Trop2) VL/L0125 LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.40) LCDR2 (SEQ ID NO.41) LCDR3 (SEQ ID NO.42) RA YLH T LA Y PLT
190913.00401 VL of hL0125 (SEQ ID NO.47) DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGERVTMTCRASSSVSSSYLHWYQQRSGQSPKLLIYSTSNLASGVPAR FSGSGSGTDYSLTISSLEAEDAATYYCQQYSGSPLTFGSGTKLEIKR VH of hL0125 (SEQ ID NO.48) QVQLQESGGGLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQTPDKRLEWVAEISSDGFYTYYPD TVTGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMSSLRSEDTAMYYCARDGNYVDYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSS Example 4- Construction of expression vectors to produce IgG-Cm Unlike previous design of trivalent DNL complexes that combined an anti-CD3 scFv with an anti-TAA F(ab)2 (Patent US9,315,567 B2), the present invention relates to compositions and methods of novel constructs that graft monovalent scFv to a full-size IgG through intracellular or extracellular biological conjugation. As shown in FIGs. 10A-10D and FIGs. 11A-11D, four formats of scFv×IgG bispecific complexes were generated, and among them the format of scFv×IgG-C, such as 3scFv×hL0125-Cm, were well produced with the best quality and fit for T cell redirection. As such, the format of scFv×IgG-C was chosen for further study. 4.1 Construct of hL0125-Cm In this construct, a dimerization/docking domain (DDD2) from 5,,Į^ UHJXODWRU\^ subunit of protein kinase A was inserted into the hinge region of hL0125 IgG heavy chain (HC) via two GS peptide linkers. The sequences of LC, GS-DDD2-GS, and modified HC (VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3) were shown below (SEQ ID NOs 10-11, 49). The hL0125 IgG with VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3 was designated as hL0125-C. VL-CL of hL0125-&P^^6(4^,'^12^^^^ DIQLTQSPAIMSASPGERVTMTCRASSSVSSSYLHWYQQRSGQSPKLLIYSTSNLASGVPAR FSGSGSGTDYSLTISSLEAEDAATYYCQQYSGSPLTFGSGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDE QLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKAD YEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC GS-DDD2-GS (SEQ ID NO 11) GGGGSGGGGSGGG-CGHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA- GGGGSGGGGSGGG VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3 of hL0125-C(SEQ ID NO 49)
190913.00401 QVQLQESGGGLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQTPDKRLEWVAEISSDGFYTYYPD TVTGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMSSLRSEDTAMYYCARDGNYVDYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSS- ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGL YSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRV-EPKSCDKTHTCPPC- GGGGSGGGGSGGG-CGHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA- GGGGSGGGGSGGG-PAPELLGG- PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNST YRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK- GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDG SFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK A critical component of Fc-containing T cell redirecting bispecific antibodies is the ablation of Fc^R binding from the Fc region, thus eliminating off-target T cell activation by Fc^R-expressing cells and the potential for T cell lysis mediated by Fc^R-expressing effector cells. Based on previous findings (Moore et al, Methods. 2019,154:38-50), )FȖ5V^ interact with antibodies primarily by contacting the hinge and CH2 domains, and IgG2 antibodies are known to have much weaker affinity IRU^ )FȖ5V^ WKDQ^ KXPDQ^ ,J*^. In this example, the construct of hL0125-C was further modified to produce the IgG1 variant (hL0125-Cm) that combined the IgG2 lower hinge substitution with an additional CH2 substitution at a surface residue (SEQ ID NO 12). VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3 of hL0125-&P^(SEQ ID NO 12) QVQLQESGGGLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQTPDKRLEWVAEISSDGFYTYYPD TVTGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMSSLRSEDTAMYYCARDGNYVDYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSS- ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGL YSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRV-EPKSCDKTHTCPPC- GGGGSGGGGSGGG-CGHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA- GGGGSGGGGSGGG-PAPPVAG- PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVKHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNST YRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK- GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDG SFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK A cDNA sequence encoding the GS-DDD2-GS澳(SEQ ID NO 11) was synthesized and inserted into the hinge region of IgG HC of hL0125 to produce the IgG expression vector IgG V-hL0125-C, which was further modified to produce the expression vector IgG V- hL0125- Cm with a mutated heavy chain (VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3, SEQ ID NO 12). 4.2 Construct of T-Cm The construction format of hL0125-Cm was extended to other IgG moieties targeting various disease-associated antigens to produce the IgG-DDD2 module, generally abbreviated
190913.00401 as IgG-Cm. As an example, the VH and VL of hL0125-Cm were substituted to VH and VL of Trastuzumab, a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody with CDRs (SEQ ID NOs 21-26) in Table 3, to produce the module of T-Cm. Specifically, in the IgG expression vector of IgG V-hL0125-Cm, the cDNA sequence encoding VH of hL0125-Cm was substituted to the cDNA sequence encoding VH of Trastuzumab, the cDNA sequence encoding VL of hL0125- Cm was substituted to the cDNA sequence encoding VL of Trastuzumab, resulting in the IgG vector of IgG V-T-Cm, which expressed the heavy and light chains of T-Cm (SEQ ID NOs 13-14). Table 3. The complementary-determining regions (CDRs) of T-Cm (anti-HER2) VL/T-Cm LCDR1 (SEQ ID NO.21) LCDR2(SEQ ID NO.22) LCDR3 (SEQ ID NO.23) (anti-HER2) RASQDVNTAVA SASFLYS QQHYTTPPT
, DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDVNTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYSASFLYSGVPSRF SGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTTPPTFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQ LKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADY EKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC VH-CH1-hinge-GS-DDD2-GS-hinge-CH2-CH3 of T-CP^^6(4^,'^12^^^^ EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIYPTNGYTRYAD SVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCSRWGGDGFYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS- ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGL YSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRV-EPKSCDKTHTCPPC- GGGGSGGGGSGGG-CGHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA- GGGGSGGGGSGGG-PAPPVAG- PSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVKHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNST YRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAK- GQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDG SFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK Example 5- Production of Bispecific Antibodies through Intracellular assembling of IgG and scFv In present application, three exemplary bispecific antibodies were produced, including the combination of anti-CD3 single chain KXĮ^VF-AD2 or KXĮ^VF-AD7 with hL0125-Cm, a humanized full-size IgG specifically targeting Trop2, and the combination of KXĮ^VF-AD2 with T-Cm, a humanized full-size IgG specifically targeting HER2. To check the productivity and quality, the expression vector of IgG V-hL0125-Cm was transfected into two master cell
190913.00401 lines KXĮ^VF-AD2-SC34 and KXĮ^VF-AD7-SC7 to produce two bispecific antibodies KXĮ^VF- AD2×hL0125-Cm and KXĮ^VF-AD7×hL0125-Cm, respectively. The expression vector of IgG V-T-Cm was transfected into the master cell lines KXĮ^VF-AD2-SC34 to produce the bispecific antibody KXĮ^VF-AD2×T-Cm. For comparision, 2.8×106 FHOOV^LQ^^^^^^O^WUDQVIHFWLRQ^ EXIIHU^ZLWK^^^^^J^,J*^9-X-Cm DNA were transfected by electroporation, recovered in 60 ml media, and then were distributed into six 96-well plates. Clones were selected in media FRQWDLQLQJ^^^^^^0^PHWKRWUH[DWH^ ^07;^^DQG^^^^^^J^PO^SXURP\FLQ^DQG^VFUHHQHG^ IRU^KXPDQ^ IgG expression. The anti-CD3 single chain AD2 or AD7 module was intracellularly grafted to the IgG-Cm module to form a trivalent (1+2) bispecific antibody. For each antibody, three clones with highest yields were selected and scaled up to 100 ml culture in T175 fask, and bispecific antibodies were purified from the supernatants by affinity chromatography using MabSelectTM resin. Based on the yield, purity, and cell health, some clones were further scaled up to 500 ml culture, and bispecific antibodies were purified by MabSelectTM, followed by HisPur Ni-NTA Resin, and analyzed by HPLC and SDS-PAGE. As shown in Table 4, all three bispecific antibodies are well produced in T175 flask from different clones with purities between 73.8% and 92.29% after selection by MabSelectTM resin. Some clones were scaled up to 500 ml culture, and bispecific antibodies were double purified by MabSelectTM, and then HisPur Ni-NTA, all reached a purity over 90% (91.44-96.94%, Table 5 and FIG.6). In SDS-PAGE, all three antibodies and their modules were well resolved with confirmed high purity under both reducing and non- reducing conditions (FIG. 5). The antibody KXĮ^VF-AD7×hL0125-Cm shows better yield and purity when compared to AD2×hL0125-Cm (Table 4), indicating that AD7 could work better than AD2 for introcellular IgG-scFv conjugation and production. On the other hand, hua3sc- AD2×T-Cm shows better purity than hua3sc-AD2×hL0125-Cm (Tables 4 and 5), indicaing the variable domain of IgG module may also have an impact on the quality of these bispecific antibodies. Table 4 Production of bispecific antibodies in T175 flask Product Clone Yield (mg/L) Purity (Protein A)
190913.00401 ^CD3×Trop2^ Clone 64 8.2 73.8% Clone 100 82 829%
hua3sc-AD7×hL0125- hua3sc-AD2×hL0125Cm hua3sc-ad2×T-Cm Cm (CD3×Trop2), C99 CD3×Trop2), C100, C100- (CD3×HER2), C6, C42 )
xa p e - e u ace g o spec c o es Flow cytometry was used to evaluate relative cell-binding strengths. For CD3 binding, Jurkat cells were dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2×105/well, and incubated with 3- fold serially diluted bispecific antibodies or their relevant monospecific mAbs at 4°C for 45 min. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with a AF488 labeled goat anti-mouse or goat anti-human IgG Fc secondary antibody at 4°C for another 45 min. After two wash steps, the cells were resuspended in PBS and analyzed using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer. The results confirmed that both anti-CD3 mAb (SP34) and bispecific antibodies (AD2×hL0125- Cm, AD7×hL0125-Cm, and hua3sc-AD2×T-Cm) bind to human CD3 on Jurkat cell-surface, which were detected by a AF488 labeled goat anti-mouse or goat anti-human IgG Fc secondary antibody (FIGs 7A and 7B). In comparison, minimal signal was detected for or hL0125-Cm due to the lack of anti-CD3 domain (FIGs 7B). For Trop2 binding, MDA-MB-468, HCC 1806, or BT-474 cells were dissociated from culture, dispensed into a 96-well plate at 2×105/well, and incubated with 3-fold serially diluted bispecific antibodies (AD2×hL0125-Cm, AD7×hL0125-Cm, or hua3sc-AD2×T-Cm) or their relevant relevant mAbs (hL0125 or Trastuzumab) at 4°C for 45 min. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with a AF488 labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc secondary antibody
190913.00401 at 4°C for another 45 min. After two wash steps, binding was analyzed by flow cytometry using Attune NxT Flow Cytometer. The results demonstrated that the bispecific antibody of either AD2×hL0125-Cm or AD7×hL0125-Cm binds to human Trop2 on MDA-MB-468 or HCC 1806 with similar affinity to the anti-Trop2 mAb hL0125 (FIGs 8A and 8B), and the bispecific antibody of hua3sc-AD2×T-Cm binds to human HER2 with similar affinity to the anti-HER2 mAb Trastuzumab (FIG 8C). Example 7-In vitro cytotoxicity Cancer cells were combined with human PBMCs and dispensed into 96-well plates at 200 ^O^ZHOO^WR^SURYLGH^^.1×104 tumor cells and 8.8×104 PBMC cells (PBMC-to-target ratio of 8:1) in each well. Bispecific antibodies or their relevant monospecific mAbs starting at 20 nmol/L, were 4-fold serially diluted to treat the mixed cells. After 60h incubation, media were removed and replaced with fresh media to flush PBMC cells and dead cancer cells twice. Cell viabilities were measured with MTS reagent. For MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 cells, the assays were performed in triplicates with bispecific antibodies huĮ3sc- AD2×hL0125-Cm, huĮ3sc-AD7×hL0125-Cm, hua3sc-AD2×T-Cm, and 3schFv×hL0125-Cm (FIGs. 9A and 9B). For HCT-116 cells, the assay was performed in triplicates with bispecific antibodies huĮ3sc-AD2×hL0125-Cm and hua3sc-AD2×T-Cm and two relevant monospecific mAbs SP34 (anti-CD3) and hL0125 (anti-Trop2) (FIG. 9C). For BT-474 cells, the assay was performed in triplicates with bispecific antibodies huĮ3sc-AD2×hL0125-Cm and hua3sc- AD2×T-Cm and two relevant monospecific mAbs SP34 (anti-CD3) and Trastuzumab (anti- HER2) (FIG.9D). As shown in FIGs. 9A-9B and Table 6, the bispecifc antibody huĮ3sc-AD7×hL0125- Cm induced potent cytotoxicity in all four Trop2 positive cell lines. Based on 60-hour viability assays using MTS, the IC50 of huĮ3sc-AD7×hL0125-Cm was about 0.33 pM for MDA-MB-468, 4.79 pM for HCC1806, 2.28 pM for HCT-116, and 5.99 pM for BT-474 (Table 6). The huĮ3sc-AD2×hL0125-Cm exhibits potencies similar to huĮ3sc-AD7×hL0125- Cm in tested MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 cell lines. In comparison, the antibody 3scFv×hL0125-Cm is relatively less potent with IC50 of 2.45 pM for MDA-MB-468 and 18.3 pM for HCC1806, respectively, indicating SP34 may work better than Okt3 when grafted as a scFv to the targeting IgG to activate T cells and mediate dose-dependent killing of tumor cells (FIGs. 9A-9B and Table 6). The antibody hua3sc-AD2×T-Cm shows potent toxicity in two HER2-positive cell lines with IC50 of 3.3 pM for HCT-116 (HER2 low) and 1.92 pM for
190913.00401 BT-474 cells (HER2 high), respectively, and relatively low toxicity in MDA-MB-468 (35.76 pM) and HCC1806 (19.71 pM). All three relevant monospecific mAbs, including SP34, hL0125, and Trastuzumab, shows minimal or undetectable toxicity in tested cell lines (FIGs. 9C-9D and Table 6). Table 6. The In vitro cytotoxicity of bispecific antibodies on cancer cells Product Target IC50 (pM) 4
e orego ng exampes and descr pt on o t e pre erred embodments s oud be taken as illustrating, rather than as limiting the present invention as defined by the claims. As will be readily appreciated, numerous variations and combinations of the features set forth above can be utilized without departing from the present invention as set forth in the claims. Such variations are not regarded as a departure from the scope of the disclosure, and all such variations are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims. All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
Claims
190913.00401 CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A protein complex, comprising a first moiety comprising two immunoglobulin light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein either the two light chains or the two heavy chains are linked to two dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moieties respectively, and a second moiety comprising (i) an anchoring domain (AD) moiety comprising a sequence that is at least 70% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 2 or 46, and (ii) an agent linked to the AD moiety, wherein the two DDD moieties form a dimer that binds to the AD moiety. 2. The protein complex of claim 1, wherein (a) the first moiety is a targeting moiety that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope, and (b) the second moiety is an effector moiety, and the agent is an effector agent. 3. The protein complex of claim 1, wherein (a) the first moiety is an effector moiety comprising an effector agent and (b) the second moiety is a targeting moiety and the agent is a targeting agent that specifically binds to an antigen or epitope. 4. The protein complex of claim 1, wherein (a) the first moiety and the second moiety are two targeting moieties that specifically bind to two antigens or epitopes, or (b) the first moiety and the second moiety are two effector moieties, and the agents are effector agents. 5. A fusion protein comprising (i) a dimerization/docking domain (DDD) moiety and (ii) an immunoglobulin light chain fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin light chain fragment fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin heavy chain fused to the DDD moiety, or an immunoglobulin heavy chain fragment fused to the DDD moiety.
190913.00401 6. The protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-5, wherein each DDD moiety is inserted in each immunoglobulin heavy chain. 7. The protein complex or fusion protein of claim 6, wherein the DDD moiety is inserted in the hinge region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain or a flank region thereof. 8. The protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-5, wherein each DDD moiety is fused to the C-terminus of each immunoglobulin light chain. 9. The protein complex or fusion protein of claim 8, wherein the DDD moiety is fused to the C-terminus of the immunoglobulin light chain via a linker sequence. 10. The protein complex or fusion protein of claim 9, wherein the linker sequence comprises at least one cysteine and the protein complex comprises a disulfide bond between two linker sequences. 11. The protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-5, wherein each DDD moiety is fused to the C-terminus of each immunoglobulin heavy chain. 12. The protein complex of any one of claims 2-4 and 6-11, wherein the targeting moiety binds specifically to a tumor associated antigen or a disease associated antigen. 13. The protein complex of claim 12, wherein the tumor associated antigen or the disease associated antigen is Trop2, EpCAM, GPRC5, FcRH5, ROR1, BCMA, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD40, CD47, CD40L, CD66, CD70, CD74, CD79b, CD80, CD95, CD133, CD160, CD166, CD229, MUC1, MUC5, MUC16, IGF-1R, EGFR, HER2, HER3, EGP2, HLA-DR, TNF-Į^^ 75$,/^ UHFHSWRU^^ ,&26^^ ,&26/^^9(*)^^9(*)5^^ hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), Flt-3, folate receptor, TDGF1, TfR, Mesothelin, PSMA, CEACAM5, CEACAM6, B7, IFN-Į^^ ,)1-ȕ^^ ,)1-Ȗ^^ ,)1-^^^ ,/-^ȕ^^ ,/^^^ ,/^^^ IL-6R, IL-15, IL-15R, IL-17, IL-17R, IL-12, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C5a, C5aR1, C6, MASPs, MSAP2, MASP3, FB, FD, Properdin, Lag-3, CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-/^^^7,0^^^ 6,53Į^^7,*,7^^2;^^^^ OX40L, 4-1BB, NKG2A, NKG2B, BTLA, GITR, GITRL, TCR, Nectin-4, c-Met, LIV1, Mesothelin, DLL3, DLL4, Tissue factor, TGF-ȕ^^7*)-ȕ^UHFHSWRU^^'..^^^RU^&/'1^^^^^^
190913.00401 14. The protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the immunoglobulin light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, and wherein the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 21-23 and/or the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 24-26 or wherein the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 40-42 and/or the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise the respective sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 43-45. 15. The protein complex or fusion protein of claim 14, wherein the immunoglobulin light chain comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and/or the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. 16. The protein complex or fusion protein of claim 14, wherein the immunoglobulin light chain comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or 47, and/or the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or 48 or 49. 17. The protein complex of any one of claims 2-4 and 6-16, wherein the effector agent comprises an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, aptamers, a ligand, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, a detectable label or tag, a drug, a pro-drug, a toxin, an enzyme, an immunomodulator, a checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-angiogenic agent, a pro- apoptotic agent, a cytokine, a growth factor, a hormone, a cytokine, a radioisotope, a protein, a peptide, a peptide mimetic, a polynucleotide, a RNAi oligosaccharide, a natural or synthetic polymeric substance, a nanoparticle, a quantum dot, an organic compound, or an inorganic compound. 18. The protein complex of claim 17, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds specifically to a marker on immune cells. 19. The protein complex of claim 18, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds specifically to a T cell specific marker.
190913.00401 20. The protein complex of claim 19, wherein the T cell specific marker is CD3. 21. The protein complex of claim 20, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises (A) the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 15-20, or (B) the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5, or (C) one or more sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 9, 29, and 31-38. 22. The protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-21 or the antibody or antigen-binding fragment in of any one of claims 17-21, further comprising a variant Fc constant region. 23. The protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the DDD moiety comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 24. A nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences encoding a protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-23. 25. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences of claim 24. 26. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences of claim 24 or the expression vector of claim 25. 27. A method of preparing a protein complex or fusion protein fragment, comprising: obtaining a cultured host cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence or nucleic acid sequences encoding the protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-23, culturing the cell in a medium under conditions permitting (i) expression of the fusion protein or (ii) expression of the protein complex and assembling of the protein complex inside the cell or outside the cells, and purifying the protein complex or fusion protein from the cultured cell or the medium of the cell.
190913.00401 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the assembling is intracellular. 29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-23 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 30. A method for treating a cancer or a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the protein complex or fusion protein of any one of claims 1-23 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 29.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202263376836P | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | |
US63/376,836 | 2022-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2024064804A2 true WO2024064804A2 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
Family
ID=90455259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2023/074758 WO2024064804A2 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-21 | Molecularly grafted immunoglobulin with multiple functions or binding specificities |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2024064804A2 (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 WO PCT/US2023/074758 patent/WO2024064804A2/en unknown
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7431868B2 (en) | CD3 binding antibody | |
US11939393B2 (en) | Antibodies against signal-regulatory protein alpha and methods of use | |
JP7432363B2 (en) | CD3 binding antibody | |
EP3152235B1 (en) | Tri-specific binding molecules and methods of use thereof | |
JP2024045150A (en) | CD3 delta and CD3 epsilon on heterodimer-specific antibodies | |
US20230218719A1 (en) | Combination therapies for treating cancer | |
TW202306978A (en) | Engineered polypeptides | |
US20220363779A1 (en) | Combination therapies for treating cancer | |
US20210347848A1 (en) | Decoy polypeptides | |
WO2024064804A2 (en) | Molecularly grafted immunoglobulin with multiple functions or binding specificities | |
WO2023056240A2 (en) | Multiple formats of molecular complexes | |
US11739145B2 (en) | Bispecific binding agents binding to CLDN18.2 and CD3 | |
RU2779489C2 (en) | Antibodies binding cd3 |