WO2024062441A1 - Surveillance et prédiction de sommeil en temps réel dans des applications automotrices critiques pour la sécurité - Google Patents

Surveillance et prédiction de sommeil en temps réel dans des applications automotrices critiques pour la sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024062441A1
WO2024062441A1 PCT/IB2023/059388 IB2023059388W WO2024062441A1 WO 2024062441 A1 WO2024062441 A1 WO 2024062441A1 IB 2023059388 W IB2023059388 W IB 2023059388W WO 2024062441 A1 WO2024062441 A1 WO 2024062441A1
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Prior art keywords
electronic
processing unit
electronic system
electronic processing
subject
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Application number
PCT/IB2023/059388
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English (en)
Inventor
Riccardo Groppo
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Sleep Advice Technologies S.R.L.
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Publication of WO2024062441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024062441A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/06—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A61B5/4809—Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
    • A61B5/6893—Cars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02405—Determining heart rate variability
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • A61B5/7207—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to real-time monitor and/or predict behavioural states, namely among Awake (W), Drowsiness (D) and Sleep (S) phases, and/or transitions thereof to determine a sleepiness or drowsiness level of a subject.
  • W Awake
  • D Drowsiness
  • S Sleep
  • GSR General Safety Rules
  • some drowsiness signs are visible and can be recorded by cameras or visual sensors, in particular by recording the driver’s facial expressions and movements, especially the head movements.
  • such systems are non-intrusive, non- invasive and cost-effective, as they require only a camera to collect the needed data, and they are able to provide details on the subject's state of sleepiness at a very advanced stage, when his cognitive state is no longer able to carry out its activity; however, the system’s performance is significantly affected in cases where it is difficult to track facial data due to obstacles and they cannot cover the large population of people who fall asleep with their eyes open, especially people with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, OS AS;
  • Biometric-Based Measures many biological signals, such as brain activity, heart rate, breathing rate, pulse rate and body temperature signals, have been used to detect the driver’s drowsiness. These biological signals, also known as physiological measures, are proven to be more accurate and reliable for detecting drowsiness; in particular, the accuracy is due to their ability to capture early biological changes that may appear, in the case of drowsiness, thus alerting the driver before any physical drowsiness signs appear.
  • Several activities are aimed at developing cost effective and the least intrusive, possibly contactless, sensors able to provide accurate measurement of the required biometric parameters;
  • this method depends on tracing and analysing driving patterns, the latter forming a unique driving pattern.
  • driving patterns of a drowsy driver can be distinguished from those of an alert driver.
  • it is an indirect way of detecting drowsiness, such solution is neither accurate nor fast enough to regain the consciousness level of the driver;
  • Hybrid-Based Measures a hybrid drowsiness detection system exploits a combination of image-, biological, and vehicle-based measures to extract drowsiness features, with the aim of producing a more robust, accurate and reliable drowsiness detection system.
  • image-based measures and vehicle-based measures are the most commonly used due to the inherent simplicity and low cost.
  • image-based measures the system’s performance is severely affected in cases where it is difficult to track facial data due to, e.g., obstacles; additionally, image-based measures provide details on the subject's state of sleepiness at a very advanced stage, i.e. when his cognitive state is no longer able to carry out its activity. Above all, they cannot cover the large population of people who fall asleep with their eyes open, especially people with OS AS.
  • the Applicant furthermore notices that safety critical systems require for fail-safe or even fail-operational solutions, implying that a robust system must rely on hardware and/or software diversity in order to cope with both random and systematic failures.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electronic system designed to monitor and/or predict behavioural states and/or transitions thereof to determine a sleepiness or drowsiness level of a subject that solves at least in part the problems of the known solutions.
  • an electronic system designed to monitor and/or predict behavioural states and/or transitions thereof to determine a sleepiness or drowsiness level of a subject is provided, as claimed in the appended claims.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an electronic system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows an electronic system according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an electronic system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows an electronic system according to a yet further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present electronic system brings together multiple sensors acquiring different and complementary information, specifically both biometric and images, that intrinsically provide a thorough view to an end user of a subject’s cognitive level.
  • the sleep onset prediction capability is based on the seamless interaction among the different sensing and processing units of the electronic system itself; as a result, a broader coverage of comer cases may be obtained, providing a robust solution with respect to the ones currently available.
  • Figure 1 shows an electronic system 1 designed to monitor and/or predict behavioural states and/or transitions thereof to determine a sleepiness level of a subject and comprising:
  • a sensory system 2 configured to output at least one vision signal and a biometric signal indicative of respective physiological quantities related to the subject;
  • an electronic processing unit 3 in communication with the sensory system 2 and being configured to receive the corresponding vision and biometric signals and process them separately to output corresponding data.
  • the electronic system 1 is designed to process the data outputted by electronic processing unit 3 to determine a behavioural state and/or transitions thereof to determine the sleepiness level of the subject and generate the feedback to provide to an end user, here the subject.
  • the sensory system 2 comprises:
  • a vision sensor 4 configured to detect a visual physiological quantity (e.g. eyes movement, pupil area analysis, etcetera) and generate the vision signal; and
  • a contactless sensor 5 e.g. radar, imaging PPG and similar
  • a biometric physiological quantity e.g. heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate, percentage of oxygen in the subject’s blood, SpCh, etcetera
  • a biometric physiological quantity e.g. heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate, percentage of oxygen in the subject’s blood, SpCh, etcetera
  • the electronic system 1 further comprising a control logic 6 in communication with electronic control unit 3 and configured to receive the data outputted by electronic processing unit 3 and process them to determine a behavioural state and/or transitions thereof to determine the sleepiness level of the subject and make the electronic system 1 to provide for a corresponding feedback to be provided to the end user.
  • a control logic 6 in communication with electronic control unit 3 and configured to receive the data outputted by electronic processing unit 3 and process them to determine a behavioural state and/or transitions thereof to determine the sleepiness level of the subject and make the electronic system 1 to provide for a corresponding feedback to be provided to the end user.
  • the electronic processing unit 3 is powered by a respective power supply unit 7.
  • the electronic system 1 further comprises a further electronic processing unit 8 in communication with the electronic processing unit 3 and the control logic 6; therefore, in the embodiment of Figure 1, the electronic processing unit 3 and the further electronic processing unit 8 are configured to receive the vision signal and the biometric signal respectively and process them separately to output corresponding vision and biometric data relative to the behavioural state of the subject. Furthermore, the further electronic processing unit 8 is powered by a respective power supply unit 9 in communication with the further electronic processing unit 8 thereof. Therefore, according to the embodiment of Figure 1, the electronic system 1 is based on two different processing units (also referred to as PUs) which are respectively tailored to vision algorithm processing task and the contactless sensor task to process the vision signal and the biometric signal respectively.
  • PUs processing units
  • control logic 6 synthesises the information coming from the processing units 3, 8 with the aim of performing a more precise diagnosis about the sleepiness level of the driver, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Moreover, the control logic 6 is configured to ensure an improved level of functional safety by assessing in real-time the hardware/software functional integrity of the sensory system 2.
  • the electronic system 1 further comprises a communication unit 10 in communication with the electronic processing unit 3, as well as the further electronic processing unit 8 in the embodiment of Figure 1, and the sensory system 2 and configured to:
  • the communication unit 10 is also configured to manage the synchronisation between the processing units 3, 8. Furthermore, in order to transmit the feedback to the end user and to the sensory system 2, the communication unit 10 is configured to send a feedback to the end user through external units or devices, such as mobile devices, i.e. send a notification (e.g. vocal messages, haptic, etcetera) to the end user.
  • a notification e.g. vocal messages, haptic, etcetera
  • the electronic system 1 further comprises an input/output, I/O, unit 11 in communication with the electronic processing unit 3, as well as the further electronic processing unit 8 in the embodiment of Figure 1, and configured to manage the transmission of analogue/digital signals between the components of the electronic system 1.
  • I/O input/output
  • unit 11 in communication with the electronic processing unit 3, as well as the further electronic processing unit 8 in the embodiment of Figure 1, and configured to manage the transmission of analogue/digital signals between the components of the electronic system 1.
  • the present electronic system 1 has a redundant from a hardware/software point of view thanks to:
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the electronic system 1 of Figure 1; in particular, elements and components that are common between Figures 1 and 2 are referred to in Figure 2 with the same reference number and will not described further hereinafter.
  • control logic 6 and the electronic processing unit 3 are integrated in a safe microcontroller 12, in particular communication with the further electronic processing unit 8; furthermore, the power supply unit 7 and the further supply unit 9 are integrated in a safe power supply unit 13 configured to power the safe microcontroller 12 and, according to the embodiment of in Figure 2, the further electronic processing unit 8.
  • the electronic system 1 of Figure 2 is thus a cost-effective solution wherein integrated architectural options were considered, namely: - collapsing the power supply units 7, 9 in a single safe power supply unit 13, still featuring redundancy concepts and integrated watch-dog; and
  • control logic 6 can also be integrated in the safe microcontroller 12 with the further electronic processing unit 8.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the electronic system 1 of Figure 1 and Figure 2; in particular, elements and components that are common between Figures 1, 2 and 3 are referred to in Figure 3 with the same reference number and will not described further hereinafter.
  • Figure 3 in particular shows the electronic system 1 and a wearable device 14, in communication with each other and wherein the latter is configured to transmit and receive information relating to the status of a subject.
  • the Applicant notes that the use of the wearable device 14 is beneficial on different aspects, namely:
  • the electronic system 1 implements tripleredundancy scheme; in this way, a voting mechanism could be implemented through a truth table based on the independent signal measurement, from different sensors (/'. ⁇ ?. the sensory system 2 and eventually the wearable device 14), and computing, from different PUs (i.e. the electronic processing units 3, 8). Consequently, a graceful degradation mode can be applied, still running the sleep-prediction algorithm based on a single sensor and then informing the driver that the electronic system 1 is affected by hardware problems and maintenance operation is needed.
  • the Applicant notes that, in the solution of Figure 3, firstly, combining the use of a wearable device 14 with the electronic system 1 seamlessly allow to extend the health monitoring of the subject over the day and not limited on the time spent in the vehicle; in this way, the electronic system 1 is able to retain details about health status of the subject prior entering in the vehicle and, in the same manner, the post-driving phase, thereby retaining details from the previous activity in the vehicle. The same holds for the activities performed before entering in the vehicle, including sleep quality.
  • Such information are used to set the daily baseline, often referred to “body battery”, thus better defining the “fit-to-drive” capabilities of the subject; in this way, the present electronic system 1 provides a new way of monitoring critical subjects on long term period, in a fully non-intrusive manner, thus identifying possible health trends and supporting prognostic measures.
  • the redundancy of the electronic system 1 improves also the quality of the performance; as a matter of fact, some vital parameters (e.g. HR and RR) are acquired with different type of sensors.
  • HR e.g. HR and RR
  • the RR measurement is more precise when measured by a RADAR, while the HR is more precise when measured by a wearable device such as the wearable device 14; thus, it is possible to select the most accurate sensing technology.
  • both contactless and wearable sensors 5, 14 are sensitive to the motion of the subject. While the vision sensor 4 easily allows to assess if the subject is fully awake and, if so, the measurement from contactless and wearable sensors 5, 14 could run in a sort of “active mode” and more easily discarding wrong values affected by motion. As soon the subject enters a more relaxed status, preceding a potential drowsy state, the measurement from contactless and wearable sensors 5, 14 could run in a sort of “drowsy mode”, thus intensifying the processing as more valid data, less affected by motion artefacts, are available.
  • the electronic system 1 can be adapted for after-market and low-cost applications by combining the functionalities of the vision sensing and the biometric sensing from the wearable device 14 thus avoiding the use of the RADAR sensing (e.g. both processing and sensing), which is an expensive device.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the electronic system 1 of Figure 3; in particular, elements and components that are common between Figures 3 and 4 are referred to in Figure 4 with the same reference number and will not described further hereinafter.
  • the sensory system 2 only comprises the vision sensor 4.
  • the present invention has several advantages.
  • the present invention allows to achieve:
  • the present electronic system 1 is provided with an architecture that foresees also the possibility to seamlessly integrate information from nomadic devices (e.g. smartwatch, smart wearable sensors and similar devices) in order to extend the monitoring activity beyond a vehicle mission.
  • nomadic devices e.g. smartwatch, smart wearable sensors and similar devices
  • the present electronic system 1 complies with the existing GSR and already addresses future normative needs while providing much improved desired diagnostic performances as well as functional safety and SOTIF (Safety Of the Intended Functionality).

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système électronique (1) conçu pour surveiller et/ou prédire des états comportementaux et/ou des transitions de ceux-ci pour déterminer un niveau de somnolence d'un sujet et comprenant : un système sensoriel (2) configuré pour délivrer au moins un signal de vision et un signal biométrique indiquant des quantités physiologiques respectives associées au sujet ; et une unité de traitement électronique (3) en communication avec le système sensoriel et étant configurée pour recevoir les signaux de vision et biométrique correspondants et les traiter séparément pour délivrer des données correspondantes. Le système électronique (1) est conçu pour traiter les données délivrées par l'unité de traitement électronique (3) pour déterminer un état comportemental et/ou des transitions de celui-ci pour déterminer le niveau de somnolence du sujet et générer une rétroaction à fournir à un utilisateur final.
PCT/IB2023/059388 2022-09-22 2023-09-22 Surveillance et prédiction de sommeil en temps réel dans des applications automotrices critiques pour la sécurité WO2024062441A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22197073.4 2022-09-22
EP22197073 2022-09-22
IT202300019473 2023-09-21
IT102023000019473 2023-09-21

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105719431A (zh) * 2016-03-09 2016-06-29 深圳市中天安驰有限责任公司 一种疲劳驾驶检测系统
DE112016006426T5 (de) * 2016-03-16 2018-10-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Vorrichtung an einem fahrzeug, verfahren zum verhindern von schläfrigem fahren und programm zum verhindern von schläfrigem fahren
WO2020043855A1 (fr) 2018-08-29 2020-03-05 Sleep Advice Technologies S.R.L. Détection basée sur la photopléthysmographie de transitions entre des phases d'éveil, de somnolence et de sommeil d'un sujet
CN113570833A (zh) * 2021-06-16 2021-10-29 山东鸣迅智能科技有限公司 一种用于疲劳驾驶的自动识别监测系统

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105719431A (zh) * 2016-03-09 2016-06-29 深圳市中天安驰有限责任公司 一种疲劳驾驶检测系统
DE112016006426T5 (de) * 2016-03-16 2018-10-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Vorrichtung an einem fahrzeug, verfahren zum verhindern von schläfrigem fahren und programm zum verhindern von schläfrigem fahren
WO2020043855A1 (fr) 2018-08-29 2020-03-05 Sleep Advice Technologies S.R.L. Détection basée sur la photopléthysmographie de transitions entre des phases d'éveil, de somnolence et de sommeil d'un sujet
CN113570833A (zh) * 2021-06-16 2021-10-29 山东鸣迅智能科技有限公司 一种用于疲劳驾驶的自动识别监测系统

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ARUN SAHAYADHAS ET AL: "Detecting Driver Drowsiness Based on Sensors: A Review", SENSORS, vol. 12, no. 12, 7 December 2012 (2012-12-07), CH, pages 16937 - 16953, XP055248542, ISSN: 1424-8220, DOI: 10.3390/s121216937 *

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