WO2024061339A1

WO2024061339A1 - Cutter head for tunneling equipment and tunneling equipment having cutter head

Info

Publication number: WO2024061339A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/120631
Authority: WO
Inventors: 朱寰; 朱瑶宏; 胡瑞光
Original assignee: 宁波用躬科技有限公司
Priority date: 2022-09-22
Filing date: 2023-09-22
Publication date: 2024-03-28
Also published as: AU2023336072A1

Abstract

A cutter head for tunneling equipment, comprising a base (10) and a cutter. The base can rotate around a rotation axis (AX1) in a tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment; the cutter comprises a plurality of radial hob groups arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction defined with respect to the rotation axis, and each radial hob group comprises a plurality of radial hobs (21) arranged from the rotation axis and in a radial direction defined with respect to the rotation axis, wherein a rotation axis (AX2) of each radial hob is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the base; the radial hobs in each radial hob group retreat in the tunneling direction by a predetermined distance relative to the adjacent radial hobs located on the radial inner side, so that the front ends of all the radial hobs in the radial hob group can be located on the same fitting arc. The hobs of the cutter head form an arc profiling fitting curve, can well adapt to the arc-shaped structure of a main tunnel segment, and are suitable for cutting operation for the main tunnel segment in the process of mechanical method connection channel construction; hob shafts are uniform in stress, thereby avoiding eccentric wear, and prolonging the service life. The present invention further relates to tunneling equipment having the cutter head.

Description

Cutterhead for excavation equipment and excavation equipment having the same

Technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of underground engineering, and specifically to a cutterhead for excavation equipment and excavation equipment having the same.

Background technique

According to the "Subway Design Code", when the continuous length of the tunnel between two single-line interval tunnels is greater than 600m, a connecting channel should be set up. Most of the communication channels of subway tunnels and municipal highway tunnels adopt the mining method. For example, in areas with abundant groundwater, the freezing method is usually used for reinforcement, and then the mining method is used for excavation of communication channels. However, the freezing method construction can easily lead to adverse consequences such as frost heaving and melting settlement, which usually causes a certain amount of ground subsidence. When the ground subsidence is large, there may even be a risk of collapse. This is especially difficult for urban core areas with complex geological conditions and high environmental protection requirements. adapt. Moreover, this construction method has a long construction period, usually requiring more than 100 days of freezing before excavation can begin, making the construction period often as long as 4-6 months. In addition, for strata with sand layers and pressurized water, the freezing method is not very effective, is prone to accidents, has a great impact on the environment, and is very risky.

In recent years, it has been proposed to adopt an assembled communication channel structure and use mechanical method to construct the communication channel. Therefore, it is necessary to use excavation equipment to cut the segments of the main tunnel. During the cutting operation, it is hoped that the excavation equipment will first contact the segment at approximately the center of the communication channel, so that its cutting trajectory expands from the center to the periphery, and the segment corresponding to the radially outer side of the communication channel will be cut last. Most traditional excavation equipment is suitable for cutting flat working surfaces. When using traditional excavation equipment for cutting, due to the arc-shaped structure of the main tunnel segment, the part corresponding to the radial outer side of the communication channel is the first to contact the excavation equipment and is cut first, causing the middle part to collapse forward. .

Furthermore, current mechanical contact channel construction techniques are usually implemented in areas with soft soil strata. As the technical application of mechanical communication channels is promoted in different regions, the geological conditions faced by excavation equipment are more complex. For example, current excavation equipment is difficult to provide satisfactory cutting results in hard rock areas and suffers from serious wear and tear.

Therefore, it is hoped to provide an improved excavation equipment that can be applied in different geological conditions. Cutting operations during construction of contact channels using mechanical methods under certain conditions.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this application is to provide a cutterhead of excavation equipment to adapt to the cutting operation of the main tunnel segment during the construction of the mechanical communication channel.

According to one aspect of the application, the cutterhead includes:

a base capable of rotating about an axis of rotation along the direction of excavation of the excavation equipment; and

a cutting tool, said cutting tool being mounted on said base, comprising a plurality of radial cutting units arranged at circumferential intervals defined with respect to said axis of rotation, each said radial cutting unit including said The axis of rotation begins with a plurality of radial hobs arranged in a radial direction defined relative to said axis of rotation;

Wherein, in each radial hob unit, each radial hob is rotatably arranged around a radial hob rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis, and each radial hob is located radially inward relative to The adjacent radial hobs retreat a predetermined distance along the excavation direction, so that the front ends of all radial hobs in each radial hob group can be located on the same fitting arc.

In some embodiments, each radial hob is mounted in a separate tool box and projects forward relative to the front end of the tool box, wherein the cutter further includes a radially outer edge located on the tool box and A radial tearing knife protrudes forward relative to the knife box.

In some embodiments, the protruding distance of the radial tearing knife relative to the front end surface of the knife box is less than the protruding distance of the radial hob.

In some embodiments, the distance between the front end of the radial rolling cutter and the front end of the corresponding radial tearing cutter along the rotation axis is 15 mm-20 mm.

In some embodiments, the radial tear blade projects forward parallel to the axis of rotation.

In some embodiments, the cutter further includes a scraper set, which is disposed on the rear side of the radial cutting set along the rotation direction of the base, including a plurality of cutters arranged along the radial direction. scraper.

In some embodiments, the scraper sets are provided on both sides of the radial cutting set.

In some embodiments, the protruding distance of the scraper relative to the front end surface of the knife box is smaller than the protruding distance of the radial hob.

In some embodiments, the distance between the front end of the radial hob and the front end of the corresponding scraper along the rotation axis is 15 mm to 20 mm.

In some embodiments, the tool also includes a center knife arranged in the central area of the base and extending along the radial direction, and the center knife is constructed as a sandwich structure formed by multiple knife layers, and the arrangement direction of the multiple knife layers is perpendicular to the extension direction of the center knife.

In some embodiments, the center knife includes two groups arranged in a cross shape.

In some embodiments, the front edge of the center knife is formed into an inwardly concave arc-shaped structure.

In some embodiments, the cutter further includes a central cutting unit disposed in a central region of the base.

In some embodiments, the center cutting unit has a plurality of center cutters arranged along the radial direction, and the center cutter has a center cutter rotation axis extending along the radial direction.

In some embodiments, a line connecting the front ends of the plurality of central hobs is formed into an inwardly concave arc shape.

In some embodiments, the arrangement position of each center hob constituting the center cutting unit is offset in the radial direction relative to the axis of rotation.

In some embodiments, the plurality of central hobs are supported by the same rotation axis, or the multiple center hobs are supported by different rotation axes respectively.

In some embodiments, the cutter further includes a central tearing blade disposed outside an end of the central cutting unit along the arrangement direction of the central cutting cutters.

In some embodiments, the center cutting unit is formed as a modular integral structure, the base is provided with a central hole in the central area, and the center cutting unit is integrally installed in the central hole.

In some embodiments, the cutting edges of the hobs constituting the radial cutting unit and/or the center cutting unit are inlaid with carbide, and the hardness of the carbide is greater than 85 HRA.

In some embodiments, an additional tearing blade is provided on the radially outer side of the radial cutting unit, and the additional tearing blade protrudes forward in an outwardly oblique manner relative to the rotation axis.

In some embodiments, a tilted hob is provided radially outside the radial cutting unit, the tilted hob having a tilted hob rotation axis that is tilted close to the rotation axis along the boring direction. .

In some embodiments, the cutter further includes a protective cutter disposed on the peripheral side of the base and protruding relative to the peripheral surface.

In some embodiments, each radial cutting unit has opposing radial cutting units arranged at 180° relative to the axis of rotation.

In some embodiments, the minimum spacing between cutting tracks formed by different radial hobs constituting the radial cutting unit is 60mm-75mm.

In some embodiments, the excavation equipment has a muck conveying mechanism located behind the cutterhead along the excavation direction, and the base is provided with a grating portion for the cut muck to pass, wherein the The muck conveying mechanism has a spiral blade, and the maximum passing size of the grating portion is smaller than the pitch of the spiral blade.

According to another aspect of the present application, an excavation equipment is also provided, the excavation equipment having a cutterhead as described above.

The cutterhead and excavation equipment according to the present application have the following beneficial technical effects:

1. The rotation axis of the radial hob is set vertically relative to the rotation axis of the cutterhead, which can make the radial hob shaft receive uniform force during the cutting process, avoid eccentric wear, and help extend the service life of the hob, especially For radial hobs that are further away from the rotation axis of the cutterhead, the beneficial effects are more obvious.

2. Radial hobs at different positions are interchangeable, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces maintenance costs.

3. The radial hobs are arranged in a step-by-step manner from the center to the periphery. In this way, the front ends of the multiple radial hobs in the radial hob unit can form an arc profiling fitting curve. It can well adapt to the arc-shaped structure of the main tunnel segment and is suitable for the cutting operation of the main tunnel segment during the construction of the mechanical contact channel.

Description of the drawings

For a better understanding of the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present application, reference may be made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numbers in the drawings refer to like parts. Those skilled in the art should understand that the accompanying drawings are intended to schematically illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present application without any limitation on the scope of the present application, wherein,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a cutter head according to the present application;

Figure 2 is a side view of the cutterhead shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a front view of the cutter head shown in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sandwich structure of the center cutter of the cutterhead shown in Figure 1; and

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the fit between the cutterhead and the segment shown in Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the cutter head according to the present application;

Figure 7 is a side view of the cutterhead shown in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a front view of the cutter head shown in Figure 6;

Figure 9 is a perspective view of the base of the cutterhead shown in Figure 6;

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the center cutting unit of the cutterhead shown in Figure 6; and

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the fit of the cutterhead and the segment shown in Figure 6.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. What is described here is only the preferred embodiment according to the present application. Those skilled in the art can think of other ways to implement the present application based on the preferred embodiment, and the other ways also fall within the scope of the present application.

In order to realize underground space network interconnection, a large number of T-shaped connecting tunnels need to be built. For example: subway, highway inter-section communication channels, subway entrances and air shafts, municipal pipe corridor inspection shafts, long tunnel intermediate air shafts, water tunnel connection lines, etc. Recently, a method of using mechanical methods to construct T-shaped communication passages in tunnel groups has been proposed. For this construction method, this application Please provide a cutterhead of excavation equipment, which can carry out mechanical excavation of the original main tunnel without dismantling, and has good adaptability to the main tunnel segments with spatial curved surfaces. Among them, an example of the tunneling equipment may be a shield boring machine.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a cutter head 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present application has a base 10 that is generally configured as a circle. When installed to the excavation equipment, the base 10 can rotate around the installation axis driven by the excavation equipment. Among them, the mounting axis defines the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10 (see Figure 2). A cutter 20 is installed on the base 10 . When performing cutting operations, the cutter head 1 contacts the working surface (for example, the section/tunnel face of the communication channel) through the cutting tool 20, and squeezes the working surface under the action of the thrust force of the excavation equipment, and uses the cutting tool 20 to cut the working surface. Surface destruction enables cutting and tunneling. Among them, the cutter 20 generally includes a hob cutter 21, a tearing cutter 22, a scraper 23, a center cutter 24 and a peripheral protection cutter 25. Detailed introduction is given below with reference to the attached figures.

The hob 21 is mounted on the base 10 and is rotatable about its own hob rotation axis AX2. The hob rotation axis AX2 extends generally along the radial direction of the base 10 (the radial direction can be defined by the rotation axis AX1 ), that is, perpendicular to the rotation direction of the base 10 . During the cutting and excavation process, the excavation equipment is pushed along the excavation direction F, causing the hob 21 to be pressed against the working surface. As the base 10 rotates around the rotation axis AX1, the hob 21 is driven by the base 10 It rotates around its own hob rotation axis AX2 and walks on the working surface to form a cutting trajectory. In this way, the edge of the hob 21 is pressed into the working surface, causing the rock layer or soil layer to collapse and achieve cutting and excavation.

In order to complete the simultaneous cutting of the entire working surface, the cutter disc 1 is provided with a plurality of roller cutter groups. Each roller cutter group includes a plurality of roller cutters 21 arranged roughly along the radial direction of the base 10. The roller cutter group may also be referred to as a radial roller cutter group. Correspondingly, the roller cutters 21 constituting the radial roller cutter group may also be referred to as radial roller cutters. Preferably, the plurality of roller cutter groups are evenly spaced along the circumference of the base 10 (the circumference may be defined by the rotation axis AX1). Preferably, in order to avoid the situation in which the roller cutters cannot roll during cutting (due to excessive spacing), resulting in blockage of the screw conveying the cutting debris and causing unfavorable cutting, and at the same time ensuring that the roller cutter group is better and more evenly stressed, reducing the tool damage rate, and achieving better cutting results, each roller cutter group has an opposing roller cutter group arranged at 180° relative to the rotation axis AX1. Depends on the roller cutter The number of roller cutters on the two opposing roller cutter assemblies may be the same or different. For example, in some embodiments, the cutter disc 1 may include four groups of (radial) roller cutter assemblies that are roughly distributed in a "cross" shape. In some embodiments, the cutter disc 1 may include eight groups of (radial) roller cutter assemblies that are roughly distributed in a "M" shape.

In order to achieve cutting of the entire working surface, in one arrangement, the hob 21 is arranged on the base 10 roughly in a spiral trajectory. For example, the cutterhead 1 is provided with N cutting units, and one group of the cutting units may be predetermined as the starting cutting unit. For each hob unit, the hob 21 closest to the rotation axis AX1 can be called a 1-stage hob, and radially outward are the 2-stage hobs, 3-stage hobs, and M-stage hobs. It can be understood that for different hob units, the number M of hobs may be the same or different. Among them, in the clockwise direction (or counterclockwise direction), starting from the next group of cutting units of the starting cutting unit, the radial distance between the hobs of each step of the downstream cutting unit and the rotation axis AX1 is, The radial distance between the hobs of the same level in the adjacent upstream cutting unit and the rotation axis AX1 is larger, until the Nth cutting unit. Moreover, the radial distance between the M+1th stage hob of the starting cutting unit and the rotation axis AX1 is greater than the radial distance between the Mth stage hob of the adjacent upstream cutting unit and the rotation axis AX1. Starting from the first-stage hob of the starting cutting unit, the same-stage hobs in different cutting units are connected clockwise (or counterclockwise), and the M+1-stage hobs of the starting cutting unit are connected to The connection line formed by the M-stage hobs of the adjacent upstream cutting unit roughly forms a spiral trajectory. Depending on the size of the working surface, the hardness of the rock and soil layer (which affects the wear rate of the hob) and the number of hobs required, the hob can be formed into a single spiral arrangement or a double helix arrangement.

In another arrangement, the hobs of the same stage in different hob groups can also be set to have the same radial distance from the rotation axis AX1, that is, the hobs of the same stage are connected, and the connections of the hobs of different stages are roughly A trajectory formed as concentric circles. Among them, for different hob units, the number of hobs can be the same or different.

It can be understood that since the cutter head 1 rotates around the rotation axis AX1, the cutting trajectories formed by different hobs 21 on the working surface (tunnel surface) are multiple concentric circles. Preferably, the hob unit is configured such that the minimum spacing of the cutting tracks formed by different hobs is 60mm-75mm. That is to say, in the cutting trajectory formed by the cutting unit, the distance between adjacent trajectories The spacing is set to 60mm-75mm. In this way, it is possible to avoid the situation in which the gap between adjacent tracks is too large, resulting in insufficient cracks in the rock between the tracks and thus inability to effectively break the rock. Therefore, the cutter head 1 can be suitable for cutting hard rock formations.

According to the present application, in each cutting unit, the hob rotation axis AX2 of each hob 21 (which may also be referred to as the radial hob rotation axis) is set perpendicular to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10 . It can be understood that the thrust force F received by the excavation equipment determines its excavation direction, and the rotation axis AX1 is defined along the excavation direction. Therefore, the direction of the pushing force F is also the direction of the rotation axis AX1. In the same way, the extrusion force exerted by the hob 21 between the excavation equipment and the working surface is along the direction of the rotation axis AX1. Since the hob rotation axis AX2 is set perpendicular to the rotation axis AX1, the pressure exerted on the hob shaft of the hob 21 (which defines the hob rotation axis AX2) is basically perpendicular to its length direction, and little else. direction component. Such an arrangement can make the hob 21 evenly stressed during the cutting process, avoid eccentric wear, and help extend the service life of the hob 21. Especially for the hob 21 that is farther away from the rotation axis AX1, the beneficial effect is more obvious. .

Further, in order to better fit the segments of the main tunnel during initial excavation, the hobs 21 are arranged in the following manner: in each cutting unit, each hob 21 is positioned relative to the phase located radially inward of it. The adjacent hobs 21 retreat a predetermined distance along the excavation direction, so that the front ends of all hobs 21 in the cutting unit can be located on the same fitting arc (see Figures 5 and 12). For example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the hob 21 b is retreated by a predetermined distance compared to the adjacent hob 21 a located on its radial inner side, and the hob 21 c is retreated by another predetermined distance compared to the adjacent hob 21 b located on its radial inner side. . Preferably, the farther the hob 21 is from the rotation axis AX1 in the radial direction, the greater the retreat distance relative to the adjacent hob 21 on the radially inner side, so that the shape of the arc can be better fitted.

This arrangement ensures that the hob rotation axis AX2 of the hob 21 is perpendicular to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10, so that the hob 21 is arranged in a step-by-step manner from the center to the periphery. In this way, the front ends of the plurality of hobs 21 in the hob unit can form an arc profiling fitting curve, which enables the multiple hobs 21 to contact the main tunnel segment 100 at the same time, ensuring that different positions can be cut simultaneously. In addition, such an arrangement improves the interchangeability of the hob 21 at different positions (especially different radial positions). Because all the roll The knives 21 are all arranged in such a manner that the hob rotation axis AX2 is perpendicular to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10. There is no need to consider the deflection angle of the hob axis relative to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10. Therefore, the hob 21 at different positions can be have the same specifications. When a certain hob 21 is damaged, any spare hob 21 can be quickly used for replacement.

In the actual production process, each hob 21 is installed in a separate tool box 211 through a hob shaft, and protrudes outward relative to the front end of the tool box 211 . The cutter box 211 is fixed to a predetermined position of the base 10 to form a cutting unit. It can be understood that the more fitting points and the closer the distance between the points, the smoother the fitting curve formed and the higher the fitting degree. Therefore, in order to use the above arrangement of the hobs 21 to fit the segment arc, it is necessary to arrange as many hobs 21 as possible in the radial direction, and the distance between adjacent hobs 21 is very tight. In this case, adjacent tool boxes 211 are placed side by side in the radial direction, and it is difficult to have space to arrange other components. However, since the tool box 211 located on the radially outer side is arranged backward compared to the tool box 211 on the radially inner side, the radially outer front end of the radially inner tool box 211 is exposed. During the cutting process of the arc surface, the outer front end of the tool box 211 is easily in contact with the working surface, causing wear, and even the tool box 211 is damaged, causing the hob 21 to fail. It can be understood that this problem is caused by cutting arc surfaces, and does not cause such problems when cutting flat surfaces.

Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , a tearing knife 22 is provided at the radially outer edge of the knife box 211 . The tearing knife 22 protrudes forward relative to the front end surface of the knife box 211 , that is, the highest point of the tearing knife 22 is higher than the front end surface of the knife box 211 . In this way, the tearing knife 22 comes into contact with the working surface before the outer front end of the knife box 211, and can destroy the cutting of the working surface, thereby avoiding the wear caused by the contact between the knife box 211 and the working surface, and providing good protection. effect. Preferably, the tearing blade 22 protrudes forward in a manner parallel to the rotation axis AX1 (that is, substantially perpendicular to the front end surface of the blade box 211). Further preferably, the forward protruding distance of the tearing knife 22 is smaller than the forward protruding distance of the hob 21 so that the hob 21 contacts the working surface before the radially outer tearing knives 22 thereof. Preferably, along the excavation direction, that is, the rotation axis AX1, the front end of the hob 21 is 15 mm to 20 mm beyond the front end of the tearing knife 22 located radially outside the hob.

1 , an additional tearing knife 22a is provided on the radially outer side of a portion of the rotary cutter unit. Different from the tearing knife 22 provided at the outer edge of the knife box 211, the additional tearing knife 22a extends outward at an angle with respect to the rotation axis AX1.

In addition, scrapers 23 are also provided on both sides of the cutter box 211 of the roller cutter 21 in the radial direction, and the scrapers 23 protrude forward relative to the front end face of the cutter box 211. A plurality of scrapers 23 are arranged radially to form a scraper group. When the roller cutter 21 crushes and destroys the rock or soil layer on the working surface as the base 10 rotates, the scrapers 23 can scrape off the loose rock or soil blocks, so that the new working surface to be cut is exposed, which is convenient for subsequent cutting work. Therefore, in fact, only the scrapers 23 located behind the roller cutter 21 along the rotation direction of the base 10 can play a role. Preferably, the distance that the scraper 23 protrudes forward relative to the front end face of the cutter box 211 is less than the distance that the roller cutter 21 protrudes forward. Preferably, along the excavation direction, that is, the rotation axis AX1, the front end of the roller cutter 21 exceeds the front end of the scraper 23 at the corresponding position by 15mm-20mm. Preferably, scraper groups are provided on both radial sides of the roller cutter group. In this way, when the cutter disc 1 works in two rotation directions, clockwise and counterclockwise, there is always a corresponding scraper assembly at the rear side of the rotary cutter assembly to scrape off loose rocks or soil blocks.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 , the base 10 is formed with a central area 11 radially inside the plurality of cutting units, in which a central knife 24 is disposed. The central knife 24 is formed into a strip-like structure extending generally in the radial direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the central knife 24 includes two groups, and the two groups of central knife 24 are arranged in a cross shape. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 4 , the center knife 24 is constructed as a sandwich structure. For example, it can be made of knife layers with different strengths and toughness (such as different alloy blades) sandwiched in a sandwich form to improve its cutting ability. It can also increase wear resistance and extend service life. Further preferably, the arrangement direction of the knife layer is set perpendicular to the extension direction of the center knife 24 . In other words, the center knife 24 is in contact with the working surface. When the base 10 rotates, the force generated by the working surface on the center knife 24 is along the rotation direction R of the center knife 24 , that is, consistent with the arrangement direction of each knife layer. Therefore, the arrangement direction of the knife layer can effectively resist the force generated by the working surface on the center knife 24, and can reduce its damage rate.

Preferably, referring to FIG. 1 , the front edge of the center knife 24 is configured as an inwardly concave arc-shaped structure. Compared with the structure in which the front edge protrudes forward, the front edge of the center knife 24 is concave inward, so that when The center knife 24 makes initial contact with the working surface at two positions at both ends of the concave arc-shaped structure, which helps the center knife 24 to better "grab" the working surface, that is, to be fixed relative to the working surface, preventing the center knife 24 from Create an offset on the work surface. This is particularly advantageous when the center knife 24 initially cuts a main tunnel segment whose receiving end projects towards the boring equipment.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , a protective blade 25 is also provided on the peripheral side of the base 10 . Specifically, a plurality of protective blades 25 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and protrude outward relative to the circumferential surface. In this way, when the cutter head 1 rotates, the protective knife 25 comes into contact with the surrounding soil or rock layers before the base 10, thereby preventing the base 10 from directly contacting and rubbing with the soil or rock layers and causing wear.

Figures 6 to 12 show a cutterhead 2 according to another preferred embodiment of the present application. The arrangement of most of the mechanisms in the cutterhead 2 is substantially the same or similar to the arrangement of the corresponding mechanisms in the cutterhead 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 . Mechanisms with similar structures or functions are given the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 , the cutter head 2 is not provided with a strip-shaped central knife extending in the central area 11 , but is provided with a set of hobs 26 . In order to distinguish it from the cutting unit formed by the hob 21 , the hob 26 may be called a center hob, and the cutting unit formed by it may be called a center hob 29 . Correspondingly, the hob 21 can be called a radial hob, and the hob set formed by it can be called a radial hob set.

Compared with cutterhead 1, cutterhead 2 is more suitable for cutting hard rock formations. In the cutterhead 2, the center hob 26 performs cutting operations on the working surface. Compared with the strip-shaped center knife 24 of the sandwich structure in the cutterhead 1, the contact between the center hob 26 and the working surface is rolling friction, while the strip-shaped center knife 24 and the working surface are in sliding friction. Therefore, the cutterhead 2 can reduce the wear caused by the collision friction between the cutter in the central area and the hard rock formation, and the central hob 26 squeezes the hard rock formation under the action of the thrust force through the cutting edge of its edge. Compared with the strip center cutter, 2 can produce better rock-breaking effect.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 8 , in some embodiments, the central hob 29 includes a plurality of central hobs 26 arranged along the radial direction of the base 10 , and the central hob 26 has a central hob rotation axis extending along the radial direction. AX3. In this way, when the cutterhead 2 rotates about the axis of rotation AX1 , the central hob 26 rotates around its own center in a similar manner to the radial hob 21 The hob rotation axis AX3 rotates while extruding on the work surface and walking on the work surface to generate a cutting trajectory. In order to ensure the normal operation of the center hobs 26, preferably, all the central hobs 26 are positioned radially offset relative to the rotation axis AX1. That is, avoid setting the center hob 26 exactly at the position of the rotation axis AX1 so that the center hob 26 cannot rotate around its own center hob rotation axis AX3.

In some embodiments, the center cutting unit 29 may be configured as a modular integral structure. For example, referring to FIGS. 9 to 11 , multiple center hobs 26 can be disposed in the same hob box 291 , so that the multiple center hobs 26 can be integrally installed and disassembled through the hob box 291 . Preferably, in order to facilitate installation and disassembly operations, the base 10 is also provided with a central hole 12 for accommodating the cutting box 291 at the position of the central area 11 . Preferably, in the modular center hob unit 29 , multiple center hobs 26 can be supported by the same rotation axis, but each center hob 26 can freely rotate relative to other center hobs 26 . Alternatively, the plurality of center hobs 26 may be provided to be supported by different rotation axes respectively.

Preferably, referring to FIG. 11 , the cutting edge of the center hob 26 may be inlaid with cemented carbide 261 , such as carburized alloy steel, tungsten carbide and other materials. The hardness of carbide 261 is usually greater than 85HRA, such as 85-90HRA. In this way, the hardness and wear resistance of the central hob 26 can be increased, and better rock breaking ability can be improved, which is especially more effective for hard rock formations. Similarly, the radial hob 21 or hobs arranged at other positions can also adopt the same arrangement.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 11 , similar to the center cutter 24 in the cutter head 1 , in some embodiments, the center hob 29 is configured such that the connection line of the front ends of the plurality of center hobs 26 is formed into an inward concave arc. In this way, when the central cutting unit 29 comes into contact with the formation or segment to be cut, it makes initial contact with the formation or segment at two positions at both ends of the concave arc-shaped structure, which is beneficial to the center cutting unit. 29 better "grabs" the working surface, that is, is fixed relative to the working surface, preventing the center cutting unit 29 from deflecting on the working surface. This is particularly advantageous when the central cutting unit 29 initially cuts the main tunnel segment protruding towards the boring equipment at the receiving end of the communication channel.

In order to realize the above structure, preferably, multiple center hobs 26 can be arranged to rotate around the same center hob rotation axis AX3 but have different diameters, wherein the diameter of the center hob 26 that is closer to the rotation axis AX1 is smaller. . With center hob 26 position As it is placed gradually away from the axis of rotation AX1, its diameter becomes larger and larger. In further embodiments, the center hob 26 may also be arranged to have the same diameter but rotate about a different center hob rotation axis AX3. Among them, the center hob rotation axis AX3 of the center hob 26 that is closest to the rotation axis AX1 is located behind the center hob rotation axis AX3 of the center hob 26 that is far from the rotation axis AX1 in the tunneling direction.

Preferably, as shown in Figures 6 and 8, along the arrangement direction of the center hobs 26, a center tearing knife 27 is also provided outside the end of the center hob group 29, which extends from the end surface of the hob box 291 along the The excavation direction projects forward. During operation, the central tearing knife 27 comes into contact with the working surface before the cutter box 291, and cuts and damages the working surface. In this way, damage caused by contact and friction between the cutting box 291 of the center cutting unit 29 and the working surface can be avoided. It can be understood that, in order to distinguish it from the central tearing knife 27, the tearing knife 22 disposed radially outside the radial hob 21 may be called a radial tearing knife.

Continuing to refer to Figures 6 and 8, unlike the cutterhead 1, the cutterhead 2 omits additional tearing knives on the radial outer side of the radial cutting unit, and instead provides an inclined hob 28. The arrangement of the inclined hob 28 is substantially the same as that of the radial hob 21 . The difference is that the rotation axis AX4 of the inclined hob 28 is inclined relative to the rotation axis AX1 of the cutter head 2 , that is, it is close to the rotation axis AX1 along the excavation direction. The cutting edge of the inclined hob 28 is therefore oriented forward (ie forward in the direction of excavation) and inclined radially outward relative to the axis of rotation AX1 . In this way, the inclined hob 28 can supplement the arc profile fitting curve formed by the radial hob unit, so that the cutter head 2 can better fit the arc shape of the main tunnel segment and the like.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 9 , in the cutter head 2 , a grid portion 13 is provided at a position of the base 10 where no cutter is installed. The debris and other debris generated on the cutting surface of the tool can be transferred to the rear of the cutter head 2 through the grille part 13, and transferred from the cutting and excavation operation position to other areas, such as scheduled storage area, etc. In some embodiments, the slag conveying mechanism may be a screw machine using screw blades to provide driving force. Preferably, the grid portion 13 is configured such that its maximum passing size is smaller than the pitch of the spiral blade. In this way, the grate portion 13 can block stones and the like that exceed the screw pitch outside the cutterhead from entering the screw machine, thereby preventing the screw machine from clogging.

In addition, according to another aspect of the present application, a tunneling equipment is also provided, which can The excavation equipment may be a shield machine, for example.

The above description of the various embodiments of the present application is provided for purposes of description to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. There is no intention that the application be exclusive or limited to a single disclosed embodiment. As above, numerous alternatives and modifications to the present application will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, while some alternative embodiments have been specifically described, other embodiments will be apparent to, or relatively readily developed by, those of ordinary skill in the art. This application is intended to include all alternatives, modifications, and variations of the application described herein, as well as other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the application described above.

Claims

A cutterhead for excavation equipment, characterized in that the cutterhead includes:

A base (10) capable of rotating about an axis of rotation (AX1) along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment; and

A cutting tool mounted on the base (10), comprising a plurality of radial cutting units arranged at circumferential intervals defined relative to the axis of rotation (AX1), each of the radial cutting units The cutter set includes a plurality of radial hobs (21) arranged starting from the rotation axis (AX1) and along a radial direction defined relative to the rotation axis (AX1);

Wherein, in each radial hob unit, each radial hob (21) is rotatably arranged around a radial hob rotation axis (AX2) perpendicular to the rotation axis (AX1), and each radial hob The radial hob (21) retreats a predetermined distance along the tunneling direction relative to the adjacent radial hob (21) located radially inside thereof, so that all radial hobs (21) in each radial cutting unit The front end of can be located on the same fitting arc.
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that each radial hob (21) is installed in a separate cutter box (211) and projects forward relative to the front end of the cutter box (211), wherein , the knife further includes a radial tearing knife (22) located at the radially outer edge of the knife box (211) and protruding forward relative to the knife box (211).
The cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that the protruding distance of the radial tearing knife (22) relative to the front end surface of the knife box is smaller than the protruding distance of the radial hob (21).
The cutter head according to claim 3, characterized in that, between the front end of the radial hob (21) and the front end of the corresponding radial tearing knife (22) along the rotation axis (AX1) The distance is 15mm-20mm.
The cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that the radial tearing knife (22) projects forward parallel to the rotation axis (AX1).
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter further includes a scraper set, the scraper set is arranged on the rear side of the radial hob set along the rotation direction of the base (10), It includes a plurality of scrapers (23) arranged along the radial direction.
The cutter head according to claim 6, characterized in that the scraper sets are provided on both sides of the radial hob set.
The cutter head according to claim 6, characterized in that the protruding distance of the scraper (23) relative to the front end surface of the cutter box is smaller than the protruding distance of the radial hob (21).
The cutter head according to claim 8, characterized in that the distance between the front end of the radial hob (21) and the front end of the corresponding scraper (23) along the rotation axis (AX1) is 15 mm. -20mm.
The cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter further includes a center cutter (24) disposed in the central area (11) of the base (10) and extending along the radial direction, and The central knife (24) is configured as a sandwich structure formed by a plurality of knife layers, and the arrangement direction of the plurality of knife layers is perpendicular to the extension direction of the central knife.
The cutter head according to claim 10, characterized in that the central cutter (24) includes two groups arranged in a cross shape.
The cutter head according to claim 10, characterized in that the front edge of the center cutter (24) is formed into an inwardly concave arc-shaped structure.
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter further includes a central cutting unit (29) arranged in the central area (11) of the base (10).
The cutterhead according to claim 13, characterized in that the central hob (29) has a plurality of central hobs (26) arranged along the radial direction, and the central hob (26) has A central hob rotation axis (AX3) extending in said radial direction.
The cutter head according to claim 14, characterized in that the connection line of the front ends of the plurality of central hobs (26) is formed into an inward concave arc shape.
The cutter head according to claim 14, characterized in that each central hob (26) constituting the central hob unit (29) is located along the radial axis relative to the rotation axis (AX1). offset to the direction.
The cutter head according to claim 14, characterized in that the plurality of center hobs (26) are supported by the same rotation axis, or the plurality of center hobs (26) are supported by different rotation axes respectively.
The cutter head according to claim 14, characterized in that the cutter further includes a central tearing blade arranged outside the end of the central hob group (29) along the arrangement direction of the central hob (26). Split Knife(27).
The cutter head according to claim 13, characterized in that the central cutting unit (29) is formed as a modular integral structure, and the base (10) is provided with a central hole in the central area (11). (12), the center cutting unit (29) is integrally installed in the center hole (12).
The cutter head according to claim 13, characterized in that the cutting edges of the hobs constituting the radial cutting unit and/or the center cutting unit are inlaid with cemented carbide, and the hardness of the cemented carbide is greater than 85HRA.
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional tearing knife (22a) is provided on the radial outer side of the radial cutting unit, and the additional tearing knife (22a) rotates relative to the The axis line (AX1) protrudes forward in a tilted manner to the outside.
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, an inclined hob (28) is provided on the radial outer side of the radial cutting unit, and the inclined hob (28) has an axis along the excavation direction. The tilt hob rotation axis (AX4) is tilted close to the rotation axis (AX1).
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter further includes a protective knife (25) arranged on the peripheral side of the base (10) and protruding relative to the peripheral surface.
The cutter disc according to claim 1, characterized in that each radial cutting unit has a counter radial cutting unit arranged at 180° relative to the rotation axis (AX1).
The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum spacing of the cutting tracks formed by different radial hobs (21) constituting the radial hob unit is 60mm-75mm.
The cutterhead according to claim 1, wherein the excavation equipment has a slag conveying mechanism located behind the cutterhead along the excavation direction, and the base is provided with a passage for the cut slag to pass. The grating part (13), wherein the muck conveying mechanism has a spiral blade, and the maximum passing size of the grating part (13) is smaller than the pitch of the spiral blade.
An excavation equipment, characterized in that the excavation equipment has a cutter head according to any one of claims 1 to 26.