WO2024061074A1

WO2024061074A1 - Integrated antenna and electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2024061074A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/118514
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王剑; 王康丽; 张书俊
Original assignee: 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司
Priority date: 2022-09-23
Filing date: 2023-09-13
Publication date: 2024-03-28
Also published as: CN115513655A

Abstract

Provided in the present application are an integrated antenna and an electronic device. The integrated antenna (20) comprises a dielectric substrate (21) and an antenna radiator (22). The dielectric substrate (21) comprises a floor layer (211) and a clearance area (212), wherein the floor layer (211) is provided with a gap (213) in communication with the clearance area (212). The antenna radiator (22) is arranged in the clearance area (212), the antenna radiator (22) comprises a feed point (221), and the antenna radiator (22) and the gap (213) are located on the same side of the feed point (221). Further provided in the present application is an electronic device (10), which comprises the integrated antenna (20).

Description

Integrated antennas and electronics

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular, to an integrated antenna and electronic device.

Background technique

With the rapid development of wireless communication and electronic technology, integrated antennas are used more and more widely and play an important role in many communication fields.

Contents of the invention

This application provides an integrated antenna, including:

The media substrate includes a floor layer and a clearance area, and the floor layer is provided with a gap connected to the clearance area; and

An antenna radiator is provided in the clearance area; the antenna radiator includes a feed point; the antenna radiator and the gap are located on the same side of the feed point.

Optionally, the clearance area is a rectangular area, the gap is a rectangular gap, and the length direction of the rectangular gap is perpendicular to the length direction of the clearance area.

Optionally, the maximum length of the rectangular gap ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm.

Optionally, the minimum dimension of the width of the rectangular gap ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm.

Optionally, the gap is an L-shaped gap or an arc-shaped gap.

Optionally, the dielectric substrate includes a device mounting hole penetrating along its thickness direction, and the slit is connected to the device mounting hole.

Optionally, the device mounting hole includes a first device mounting hole and a second device mounting hole, the gap is connected to the first device mounting hole, the first device mounting hole and the second device mounting hole are Arranged in the direction away from the clear area and arranged at intervals.

Optionally, the antenna radiator includes a spiral tube made of metal material; or a board-mounted metal piece; or a metal insert; or a metal patch.

Optionally, the integrated antenna further includes: signal wiring, the signal wiring is provided in the clearance area, and the feed point is connected to the antenna radiator through the signal wiring.

Optionally, the antenna radiator further includes: a ground point, the ground point is connected to the floor layer, and the feed point is farther away from the gap than the ground point.

Optionally, the dielectric substrate is made of insulating material.

The present application provides an electronic device, including an integrated antenna as described in any one of the above.

Optionally, the electronic device is a wireless device, and the integrated antenna of the wireless device has a maximum frequency of 1 GHz.

Optionally, the electronic device includes a lens assembly, the lens assembly is connected to the floor layer through a cable, and the gap is provided between the feed point and a connection point on the floor layer where the cable is connected. between.

In the integrated antenna according to the embodiment of the present application, the floor layer of the dielectric substrate is provided with a gap connected to the clearance area, and the antenna radiator and the gap are located on the same side of the feed point. With this arrangement, while maintaining the miniaturization of the integrated antenna, by processing the floor layer of the integrated antenna, the current path of the floor layer is changed, so that a large area of current exists in the floor layer, improving the antenna radiation performance, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an integrated antenna of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 shows a current path diagram of the integrated antenna of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1 .

Figure 3 shows the operating frequency diagram of the integrated antenna of the related technology.

FIG. 4 shows an antenna gain diagram of an integrated antenna of the related art.

Figure 5 shows an operating frequency diagram of an integrated antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 6 shows an antenna gain diagram of an integrated antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of an integrated antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of means consistent with aspects of the application as detailed in the appended claims.

The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application shall have the usual meaning understood by a person with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the description and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Likewise, "a" or "one" and similar words do not indicate a quantitative limit, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. "Plural" or "several" means at least two. Unless otherwise indicated, similar terms such as "front", "rear", "lower" and/or "upper" are for convenience of description only and are not intended to limit one position or one spatial orientation. "Including" or "including" and other similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before "includes" or "includes" cover the elements or objects listed after "includes" or "includes" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements. or objects. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

This application provides an integrated antenna, including a dielectric substrate and an antenna radiator. The media substrate includes a floor layer and a clearance area, and the floor layer is provided with a gap connected to the clearance area. The antenna radiator is arranged in the clear area; the antenna radiator includes a feed point; the antenna radiator and the slot are located on the same side of the feed point. This application also provides an electronic device, including the above-mentioned integrated antenna. With this arrangement, while maintaining the miniaturization of the integrated antenna, by processing the floor layer of the integrated antenna, the current path of the floor layer is changed, so that a large area of current exists in the floor layer, improving the antenna radiation performance, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

In the field of wireless communication technology, it includes the following technical terms:

Sub_1GHz antenna: Antenna below 1GHz frequency band, such as 433MHz, 868MHz and other wireless communications. According to the formula λ = c/f, where λ is the wavelength (the antenna size is positively related to the wavelength), the unit is meters; c is the wave speed, the unit is meters/second; f is the frequency, the unit is Hertz, the higher the frequency, the larger the antenna size. The smaller, the lower the frequency and the larger the antenna size.

For example: 433MHz antenna, the conventional antenna length and dimensions require: 1/4λ=173mm, 1/2λ=346mm;

For 868MHz antenna, the conventional antenna length and dimensions require: 1/4λ=86.4mm, 1/2λ=172mm.

Antenna gain: The ratio of the power density of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating unit at the same point in space under the condition that the input power is equal. Under the same conditions, the higher the gain, the farther the radio wave propagates. pass For the same broadcast distance, the greater the gain of the antenna, the lower the output power of the device is required and the smaller the power consumption.

Return loss S11: The reflection coefficient of the antenna, which reflects the ratio of reflected power to input power. The smaller the S11, the better.

Standing wave bandwidth: Generally, the absolute frequency value of S11<-10dB is the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna. Generally, the larger the standing wave bandwidth, the better.

Radiation pattern: A radiation pattern is a graph that describes the dependence between the intensity and direction (angle) of radio waves emitted by an antenna or other signal source.

In the field of wireless communication technology, when the distance between two conductors of a transmission line is very close, the electric field is almost completely bound between the two conductors, so the radiation is very weak. The two wires gradually open up, and the electric field lines become longer and remain perpendicular to the surface of the wires. When the two wires are spread out, perpendicular to the transmission line, the electric field lines lengthen to a certain length, allowing the electric field lines to break away from the transmission line and radiate. It must be pointed out that strong radiation can only be formed when the length of the wire is comparable to the wavelength of the transmitted guided wave, otherwise the radiation will still be very weak.

The integrated antenna in the actual product is just the feeder inside the transmission line antenna, and the ground plate is the replaced ground wire. According to the mirror principle, the ground plate will also produce corresponding current distribution.

Antenna efficiency η _a is defined as the ratio of antenna radiation power P _ε to input power _Pi , that is:

where P ₁ is the ohmic loss;

Assume that the radiation resistance of the antenna is R _ε . When the current passing through it is the maximum current on the antenna, the power lost is equal to its radiated power. From this, the calculation formula for the antenna radiated power P _ε and ohmic loss P ₁ can be derived as: :

Substituting formulas (2) and (3) into formula (1) we can get:

The antenna radiation resistance is:

Among them, l is the antenna length.

From the antenna efficiency calculation formula, it can be inferred that the antenna size is proportional to the antenna efficiency. Miniaturization of the antenna will inevitably lead to a decrease in antenna efficiency.

Currently, in order to meet the size of the integrated antenna, improving the performance of Sub_1GHz is a difficult problem in the industry. Antenna performance is often sacrificed to meet the product size. How to improve antenna performance by improving the radiation capability of the antenna is a problem to be solved in the field of wireless communication technology.

In view of this, the present application provides an integrated antenna and electronic device that can improve the antenna radiation performance and improve the antenna radiation efficiency, which is particularly suitable for some Sub_1GHz products that are small in size and have a small antenna clearance area. While keeping the integrated antenna small, the ground radiation antenna technology is used to change the current path of the floor layer by processing the floor layer of the integrated antenna, so that there is a large area of current in the floor layer, thereby improving the antenna radiation performance and thus improving the antenna radiation efficiency. Among them, the ground radiation antenna technology is: through reasonable design and layout of the ground (hardware board), a new technology that greatly improves the antenna performance under the same antenna form and environment.

The integrated antenna and electronic device of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Features in the following embodiments and implementations may be combined with each other without conflict.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an integrated antenna 20 of an electronic device 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 2 shows a current path diagram of the integrated antenna 20 of the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 1 . In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the electronic device 10 includes an integrated antenna 20 . The integrated antenna 20 includes a dielectric substrate 21 and an antenna radiator 22 . The media substrate 21 includes a floor layer 211 and a clearance area 212. The floor layer 211 is provided with a gap 213 connected with the clearance area 212. The antenna radiator 22 is disposed in the clearance area 212 . Among them, the antenna radiator 22 is used to send and receive electromagnetic signals. The dielectric substrate 21 is made of insulating material. In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate 21 includes a multi-layer board, and the clearance area 212 refers to a corresponding area on each layer board that is clear. A plurality of circuit board layers are included between the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 21 , and the floor layer 211 is disposed on the surface of the top surface, the bottom surface, and/or the circuit board layers between the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 21 . In other embodiments, the dielectric substrate 21 is a single-layer board, and the floor layer 211 is provided on the top and/or bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 21 .

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna radiator 22 includes a feed point 221 , and the antenna radiator 22 and the slot 213 are located on the same side of the feed point 221 . For example, the antenna radiator 22 and the slot 213 may be located on the same side of the feed point 221 along the vertical direction in FIG. 1 . In this way, the electric field energy of the antenna radiator 22 is radiated to the floor layer 211, and the floor layer 211 is divided into two parts by using the gap 213, so that the antenna radiator 22 is isolated from the floor layer 211. While maintaining the miniaturization of the integrated antenna 20, the ground radiation antenna technology is utilized, and the floor layer 211 of the integrated antenna 20 is The processing changes the current path of the floor layer 211 so that there is a large area of current in the floor layer 211 (as shown in Figure 2), thereby improving the antenna radiation performance and thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic device 10 is a wireless device, and the maximum frequency of the integrated antenna 20 of the wireless device is 1 GHz. For 1GHz electronic equipment, the antenna size is large and the product size is small, making it difficult for the antenna performance to reach the target value (antenna efficiency of more than 20%). This type of product utilizes the above-mentioned design of the integrated antenna 20 to improve the radiation performance and radiation efficiency of the integrated antenna while keeping the integrated antenna 20 miniaturized and the clearance area small.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic device 10 includes a lens assembly (not shown), a circuit board 101 connected to the lens assembly, and a cable 102 connected to the circuit board 101 . The lens assembly is connected to the integrated circuit through the cable 102 . On the floor layer 211 of the antenna 20, a gap 213 is provided between the feed point 221 and the connection point 103 on the floor layer 211 for connecting the cable 102. The floor layer 211 is divided into two parts by using the gap 213 to isolate the feed point 221 from the connection point 103 to change the current path of the floor layer 211 so that there is a large area of current in the floor layer 211 (as shown in Figure 2). The antenna radiation performance of the electronic device 10 is improved. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna radiator 22 is disposed close to the cable 102 , and the cable 102 can serve as a parasitic radiator of the antenna radiator 22 . The cable 102 may also have some radiation function to further enhance the antenna radiation function of the electronic device 10 .

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the dielectric substrate 21 includes a device mounting hole 214 penetrating along its thickness direction, and the gap 213 is connected with the device mounting hole 214 . With this arrangement, the device mounting hole 214 can be connected to the gap 213 to change the current path of the floor layer 211, increase the current area of the floor layer 211 (as shown in Figure 2), improve the antenna radiation performance, and thereby improve the antenna radiation efficiency. .

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the device mounting hole 214 includes a first device mounting hole 215 and a second device mounting hole 216 . The gap 213 is connected with the first device mounting hole 215 . The first device mounting hole 215 and The second device mounting holes 216 are arranged in a direction away from the clearance area 212 and are spaced apart. With this arrangement, the first device mounting hole 215 and the second device mounting hole 216 can be used, and the first device mounting hole 215 can be connected with the gap 213 to change the current path of the floor layer 211 and increase the current area of the floor layer 211 (such as As shown in Figure 2), improve the antenna radiation performance, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the integrated antenna 20 includes a signal trace 23 , the signal trace 23 is provided in the clearance area 212 , and the feed point 221 is connected to the antenna radiator 22 through the signal trace 23 . By arranging the signal trace 23 in the clearance area 212, the signal trace 23 itself can be used as a part of the antenna radiator 22 to increase the radiation area and shorten the length of the antenna radiator 22, making the antenna radiator 22 smaller in size.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the antenna radiator 22 further includes a ground point 222 . Ground point 222 and ground The plate layers 211 are connected, and the feed point 221 is farther away from the gap 213 than the ground point 222. Such an arrangement reduces the interference of the radiation source to the feed point 221 and stabilizes the sending and receiving of electromagnetic signals.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the antenna radiator 22 includes a spiral tube made of metallic material. The spiral tube may be a metal spring. One end of the metal spring is fixed to the signal trace 23, and the other end is suspended in the air. The metal spring is smaller in size. In some other embodiments, antenna radiator 22 includes on-board metal. In other embodiments, antenna radiator 22 includes a metal insert. In yet other embodiments, the antenna radiator 22 includes a metal patch.

Figure 3 shows the operating frequency diagram of the integrated antenna of the related technology. FIG. 4 shows an antenna gain diagram of an integrated antenna of the related art. In the related art, the surface current trace of the integrated antenna is in a small area, and there is little current in the floor layer. Figure 3 shows a wireless device, and the working frequency band of its integrated antenna is 433MHz. Figure 4 shows the gain diagram of the integrated antenna. The gain of the integrated antenna at 433MHz is about -4dBi (-4.1973dBi), and the performance is low.

Figure 5 shows an operating frequency diagram of an integrated antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 shows an antenna gain diagram of an integrated antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 shows a wireless device whose improved integrated antenna works in the 433MHz frequency band. Figure 6 shows the gain diagram of the integrated antenna. The gain of the integrated antenna is about -0.5dBi (-0.52331dBi), and the performance is improved by about 3.5dB compared with the original. It can be seen from this that in the embodiment of the present application, the floor layer 211 is divided into two parts by using the gap 213 to isolate the antenna radiator 22 from the floor layer 211 . While maintaining the miniaturization of the integrated antenna 20, ground radiation antenna technology is used to process the floor layer 211 of the integrated antenna 20 to change the current path of the floor layer 211, so that a large area of current exists in the floor layer 211 (as shown in Figure 2 (shown), improve the antenna radiation performance, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

Figure 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of an integrated antenna according to another embodiment of the present application. The clearance area 212 may be a rectangular area, the gap 213 may be a rectangular gap, and the length direction of the rectangular gap is perpendicular to the length direction of the clearance area. The length dimension of a rectangular gap is greater than the width dimension. In some embodiments, the maximum dimension of the length of the rectangular gap ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm. In some embodiments, the maximum length of the rectangular gap is 10 mm or 15 mm or 20 mm or 25 mm or 30 mm or 35 mm or 40 mm or 45 mm or 50 mm, and its preferred value is 30 mm. In some embodiments, the minimum dimension of the width of the rectangular slit ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm. In some embodiments, the minimum dimension of the width of the rectangular slit is 1 mm or 2 mm or 3 mm or 4 mm or 5 mm. In this way, setting the appropriate width and length of the gap 213 can improve the antenna radiation performance, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

Optionally, the processing of the floor layer 211 is not limited to straight isolation, but can also be bent or cut with other patterns. For example, in some other embodiments, the slits are L-shaped slits. In other embodiments, the slit is an arc-shaped slit. The purpose of this arrangement is to change the current routing path of the floor layer 211, increase the antenna aperture area, and improve the antenna gain and efficiency.

The above are only some embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

An integrated antenna including:

The media substrate includes a floor layer and a clearance area, and the floor layer is provided with a gap connected to the clearance area; and

An antenna radiator is provided in the clearance area; the antenna radiator includes a feed point; the antenna radiator and the gap are located on the same side of the feed point.
The integrated antenna according to claim 1, wherein the clearance area is a rectangular area, the slit is a rectangular slit, and the length direction of the rectangular slit is perpendicular to the length direction of the clearance area.
The integrated antenna according to claim 2, wherein the maximum dimension of the length of the rectangular slot ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm; and/or

The minimum width of the rectangular gap ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm.
The integrated antenna according to claim 1, wherein the slot is an L-shaped slot or an arc-shaped slot.
The integrated antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate includes a device mounting hole penetrating along its thickness direction, and the slit is connected to the device mounting hole.
The integrated antenna according to claim 5, wherein the device mounting hole includes a first device mounting hole and a second device mounting hole, the gap is connected with the first device mounting hole, and the first device mounting hole and the second device mounting holes are arranged in a direction away from the clearance area and are spaced apart.
The integrated antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna radiator includes a spiral tube made of metal material; or a board-mounted metal piece; or a metal insert; or a metal patch.
The integrated antenna according to claim 1, further comprising: signal wiring, the signal wiring is provided in the clearance area, and the feed point is connected to the antenna radiator through the signal wiring.
The integrated antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna radiator further includes: a ground point, the ground point is connected to the floor layer, and the feed point is farther away from the gap than the ground point. .
The integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate is made of insulating material.
An electronic device including the integrated antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the electronic device is a wireless device, and the integrated antenna of the wireless device has a maximum frequency of 1 GHz.
The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the electronic device includes a lens assembly, the lens assembly is connected to the floor layer through a cable, and the gap is provided on the feed point and the floor layer. Connect the cables between the connection points.