WO2024059120A1 - Structure sans cadre d'enceinte translucide basée sur des fenêtres à double vitrage à haute résistance présentant de faibles distorsions optiques - Google Patents

Structure sans cadre d'enceinte translucide basée sur des fenêtres à double vitrage à haute résistance présentant de faibles distorsions optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024059120A1
WO2024059120A1 PCT/US2023/032612 US2023032612W WO2024059120A1 WO 2024059120 A1 WO2024059120 A1 WO 2024059120A1 US 2023032612 W US2023032612 W US 2023032612W WO 2024059120 A1 WO2024059120 A1 WO 2024059120A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
double
glazed
glass
glazed window
window assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/032612
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leonid LAZEBNIKOV
Ihor SHCHEDRIN
Original Assignee
Techiia Holding, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Techiia Holding, Inc. filed Critical Techiia Holding, Inc.
Publication of WO2024059120A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024059120A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B2003/66385—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with special shapes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/02—Wings made completely of glass
    • E06B3/025—Wings made completely of glass consisting of multiple glazing units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66314—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66333—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of unusual substances, e.g. wood or other fibrous materials, glass or other transparent materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to double-glazed window units having elements such as a glass window or glass facade for frameless window construction having an improved resistance to drastic temperature changes and heavy wind loads.
  • Conventional double-glazed window structures are generally tightly affixed inside the surrounding metal frames, which are usually made of aluminum.
  • Aluminum is preferred as a frame material because it doesn't corrode and is lightweight. These frames can support much bigger panes of glass than, for instance, wood or plastic frames can, all while still retaining a small profile. Because aluminum frames can support a lot bigger glass panes using smaller window frames, viewers can admire wider views, and enjoy more light inside the unit.
  • frameless window technology has become much more desirable for applications in newer building structures, and in complex building designs.
  • Frameless technology is preferred for such installations because framing is not an attractive option.
  • frameless windows provide generous dimensions, allow a lot more light and offer better views, and have a snug, flush-to-floor fit for a clean, modern look.
  • the advent of frameless window technology has enabled architects and builders to create new, sometimes radically different building designs.
  • the double-glazed window assembly loses its hermetic seal, the loose panes of glass start to move much more freely causing concave and convex lensing distortions in the windows, which become visible to the naked eye. This further causes the double-glazed window assemblies to undergo structural damage negatively impacting the key characteristics such as rigidity, strength, thermal properties, optical quality and appearance.
  • the cavity between the glass panes can be filled with dry air or inert gases such as argon, krypton, or mixtures thereof, as is well known, or it can be partially evacuated, insulating the environment between the glass panes.
  • dry air or inert gases such as argon, krypton, or mixtures thereof, as is well known, or it can be partially evacuated, insulating the environment between the glass panes.
  • the volume of gas or dry air tends to change all the time after the installation, resulting in increased or decreased loads inside the chamber between the glass panes, which leads to deforming the glass.
  • the glass panes are interconnected by a spacer attached to the glass with a non-hardening sealant, and a metal frame, all of which are designed to improve resistance to heavy loads and provide stability of the overall structure of the double-glazed assembly when used in a building.
  • Most double-glazed metal frames may include a hollow profile that is typically filled with multiple pieces of reinforcing material, such as aluminum or steel extrusion, to stiffen the frame and prevent sealant rupture and gas leakage.
  • the pieces of reinforcing material are typically separate and the frame may still flex substantially at the corners of the frame.
  • the frameless double-glazed window assembly must be inexpensive, lightweight, it must remain rigid and retain strong structural form against environmental wear, and to provide a longer serviceable life than a conventional assembly. It must meet engineering and structural requirements to be stackable without using any frames.
  • the frameless assembly must be weight bearing which could be used as a wall structure, while providing improved resistance to massive temperature changes, and wind forces a building may experience. It must prevent or minimize lens distortion: where the maximum displacement in the center of the glass does not exceed 1/350 on the long side of the glass, and does not exceed 1/250 on the short side of the glass. More preferably, it would not exceed 1/700 on the long side of the glass and would not exceed 1/500 on the short side of the glass, and even more preferably less than 1/1000 on the long side of the glass and less than 1/750 on the short side of the glass.
  • the glass panes were interconnected by the composite spacer having an internal reinforcing cross-section structure as shown in Figure 3.
  • the internal reinforcing cross-section of the composite spacer with rigid profile can be square, rectangular, oval, round, trapezoidal, or tubular resulting in required properties within the entire structure.
  • the material composition for the composite spacer having a rigid plastic profile can be provided in many different forms, such as glass fiber filled thermoplastic extrusions, glass fiber pultrusions, glass fiber thermoplastic extrusions reinforced with thermoplastic pultruded strips, oriented thermoplastic extrusions, and structural thermoplastic foam extrusions. Whichever materials are used in these rigid plastic profiles, they should have an equivalent modulus of elasticity to that of double-glazed glass and the specialized adhesive in order to obtain a composite spacer having a combined reduced modulus of elasticity.
  • the highly adhesive sealant must exhibit the following physical and mechanical characteristics: a) Reduced modulus of elasticity E of the composite spacer with rigid profile is 4.0x10 7 N/m 2 or more. b) Reduced modulus of elasticity E of the composite spacer with rigid profile is 9.0x10 9 N/m 2 or less. c) Adhesive Tensile Strength of more than 1.5x10® N/m 2 . d) A Poisson's coefficient ratio of 0.2-0.4.
  • the inventive double-glazed window units can be further provided either with a coating of a durable transparent polymer film on one side, or they can be formed by adhering a durable transparent polymer film to a surface of the panes to achieve a desired function, such as, insulating film, glare reducing film, UV blocking coating, privacy film, decorative coating, safety and security coating, and metal and ceramic coatings to block heat and/or light.
  • a coating of a durable transparent polymer film on one side
  • they can be formed by adhering a durable transparent polymer film to a surface of the panes to achieve a desired function, such as, insulating film, glare reducing film, UV blocking coating, privacy film, decorative coating, safety and security coating, and metal and ceramic coatings to block heat and/or light.
  • UV blocking coatings are one of the most common types of coatings and can block up to 99.9% of UV rays and up to 80% of solar heat entering a home. Spectrally selective UV blocking coatings can vary the amount of light entering a home in addition to UV and solar heat. UV blocking coatings are selected from the group consisting of: Low (Emissivity) E1, Low E2, Low E3, and Low ERS.
  • the coating or film can be applied to the panes either before or after they are conformed to the size required for the mounting space.
  • the first pane is then mounted in the mounting space with the film-covered surface of the pane facing the sealing surface of the integral spacer, and the second pane, also with a film covering, is then mounted in the mounting space to form a double-pane impact resistant window.
  • the glass panes may be coated with spectrally selective window coatings, designed for hot climates with large amounts of solar radiation, work by selectively filtering out frequencies of light that produce heat while minimizing the loss of visible light transmission.
  • Figure 1 depicts a diagram of the deformation of conventional single-chamber double-glazed windows.
  • Figure 2 depicts a diagram of the deformation of conventional double-chamber double-glazed windows.
  • Figure 3 depicts a cross-section of a single-chamber double-glazed window assembly unit comprising the inventive composite spacer with the rigid profile according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 depicts the Von Mises equivalent stresses on a simulated double-glazed windowpane of the prior art under a 400 Pa load showing a distribution of regions of high and low stresses.
  • Figure 5 depicts a simplified view of Figure 4 showing a distribution of stresses in a double-glazed window depending on the stiffness of the conventional distance frame.
  • Figure 6a depicts the equivalent stresses according to the von Mises test of strength at a load of 400 Pa on an insulating glass unit having the novel composite spacer with rigid profile according to the instant invention exhibiting a reduced modulus of elasticity of 4.0x10 7 N/m 2 .
  • Figure 6b depicts the equivalent stresses according to the von Mises test of strength at a load of 400 Pa on an insulating glass unit having the novel composite spacer with rigid profile according to the instant invention exhibiting a reduced modulus of elasticity of 1 ,0x10 8 N/m 2 .
  • Figure 6c depicts the equivalent stresses according to the von Mises test of strength at a load of 400 Pa on an insulating glass unit having the novel composite spacer with rigid profile according to the instant invention exhibiting a reduced modulus of elasticity of 2.5x10 8 N/m 2 .
  • Figure 6d depicts the equivalent stresses according to the von Mises test of strength at a load of 400 Pa on an insulating glass unit having the novel composite spacer with rigid profile according to the instant invention exhibiting a reduced modulus of elasticity of 5.0x10 8 N/m 2 .
  • Figure 6e depicts the equivalent stresses according to the von Mises test of strength at a load of 400 Pa on an insulating glass unit having the novel composite spacer with rigid profile according to the instant invention exhibiting a reduced modulus of elasticity of 1 0x10 9 N/m 2 .
  • Figures 7a-7b depict simplified views of Figures 6a-e showing shifted distribution of stresses in a double-glazed window according to the instant invention.
  • Figures 8a-b are graphs showing the change in strength and stiffness of an insulating glass unit as a function of the modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer.
  • a double-glazed glass unit comprising a double-glazed unit having high stiffness provided by composite spacer with rigid profiles, wherein the double-glazed unit further exhibits very low optical distortion, low deformation or lensing, high strength, an increased bearing capacity, and an increased stiffness in the overall structure.
  • It is the objective of the present invention is to provide an insulating glass unit with two or more sheets of glass, while the insulating glass unit exhibits high resistance to ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-400 nm, having an intensity of 80 W/m 2 at temperatures up to 50°C.
  • salt solutions such as, for example, 3% NaCI aqueous solution
  • alkaline solutions such as, for example, a 3% aqueous solution of NaHCO 3
  • alkaline solutions such as, for example, a 3% aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , at a temperature of 20°C.
  • It is the objective of the present invention is to provide an insulating glass unit with two or more sheets of glass, wherein the insulating glass unit exhibits chemical resistance to oxygen and ozone.
  • Figure 1 depicts a conventional double-glazed window unit assembly represented by (100a) and (100b), they are deformed after being exposed to hotter or cooler temperatures.
  • a conventional double-glazed window assembly (as shown in Fig. 1) comprises a single-chamber double-glazed window having two panes of glass (glass panes shown by the dashed lines 106, 107, 116, and 117).
  • the window units contain a spacer frame (103, as shown in the figure on the left) and (113, as shown in the figure on the right), and it can be up to 7 mm thick. It has a perforation on the plane facing the inter-glass space filled with an inert gas inside the chamber, and it contains a moisture-absorbing molecular sieve.
  • the spacer (103, 113) (see fig. 1) is designed to seal the chamber and shape the glass unit.
  • the spacer frame is glued to each pane (106, 107) in the left drawing and (116, 117) in the right drawing using primary seal adhesive, e.g. a butyl sealant (104) in the left figure and (114) in the right figure forming a sealant layer, wherein the thickness of the butyl sealant layer is no more than 0.25 mm on each side.
  • primary sealant adhesive is applied to the spacer frame at around the perimeter of the double-glazed window where it touches the spacer.
  • a secondary adhesion using a common hardening sealant is made (105, as shown in the figure on the left) and (115, as shown in the figure on the right).
  • Glue or a well-known adhesive is applied as the secondary sealant at the ends of the double-glazed window along the parameter of the top and bottom edges of the double-glazed window forming a secondary sealant layer.
  • the thickness of the secondary sealant layer is at least 4 mm.
  • the window unit comprises a double-chamber window having three panes of glass (glass panes shown by the dashed lines 206, 207, 209, 216, 217, and 219).
  • the window units contain spacer frames (203, as shown in the figure on the left) and (213, as shown in the figure on the right).
  • the spacer frame can be up to 7 mm thick. It has a perforation on the plane facing the inter-glass space filled with an inert gas inside the chamber, and it contains a moisture-absorbing molecular sieve.
  • the spacer frame (203, 213) was designed to seal the chamber and shape the double-glazed window.
  • the spacer frame is bonded to each of the panes with a primary adhesion using a butyl sealant, forming a layer (204, 214), wherein the thickness of the butyl sealant layer is no more than 0.25 mm on each side.
  • the primary adhesion step requires an application spacer frame at all points of contact with the window unit and around the perimeter of the double-glazed window where it touches the spacer.
  • a secondary adhesion using a common hardening sealant is made (205, as shown in the figure on the left) and (215, as shown in the figure on the right).
  • Glue or a well-known adhesive is applied as the secondary sealant at the ends of the double-glazed window along the parameter of the top and bottom edges of the double-glazed window forming a secondary sealant layer.
  • the thickness of the secondary sealant layer when it is applied is at least 4 mm.
  • the temperature of the gas in the chamber between the glass sheets can vary significantly between the time of manufacture and installation. And, the temperature of the gas in the chamber can vary when the window unit is installed. A shift of as much as 40°C or more (compared between the ambient temperature at the factory to the construction or installation site outside) has been observed, especially when the window is taken from a production facility where it was manufactured at about +20°C and then installed outside at -20°C or lower temperature conditions.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show deformations when the window units undergo significant temperature and pressure changes during operation.
  • the image on the left in Figure 1 (and in Figure 2) depicts lensing distortion or deformation in glass sheets (101 , 102) when the double-glazed window is compressed under the influence of internal negative pressure and the gas inside the double-glazed window is cooled.
  • the temperature of the air or inert gas that fills a chamber (108) between the two sheets of glass in the double-glazed window is lower than the temperature in the chamber of the double-glazed window during its manufacture under ambient temperature conditions.
  • the lensing distortion or deformation effect on the glass sheet becomes visible to the naked eye when it begins to deflect and distort when glass is deformed by 10 mm or more, or at least 1/250 of the length along the short side and 1/350 of the length along the long side of a rectangular double-glazed window with dimensions of 2500 x 3500 mm. Thus, it should not exceed 1/250 on the short side or 1/350 on the long side of the double-glazed window when exposed to short-term or long-term loads.
  • the inventive double-glazed window of increased strength and stiffness showed no observable or measurable seal leaks in the chamber after installation and use.
  • the inventive window unit exhibited no visible deformations compared to conventional single-chambered and double-chambered window units having all the same parameters, same glass formulation, same thickness and with the same inter-pane distances.
  • the inventive composite spacer with rigid profile can be provided in mixed fiber and/or resin compositions selected from the group consisting of, glass fiber filled thermoplastic extrusions, glass fiber pultrusions, glass fiber thermoplastic extrusions reinforced with thermoplastic pultruded strips, oriented thermoplastic extrusions, and structural thermoplastic foam extrusions.
  • the rigid profile can be a pultruded fiberglass profile.
  • the composite spacer with rigid profile should have a heat conductivity that is low, near or at the thermal conductivity of fiberglass, which is 0.3 W/m°C.
  • the glass fiber content of the composite spacer with rigid profile can be as high as 80%.
  • the material is very stiff and rigid with the coefficient of thermal expansion being very similar to that of glass.
  • the highly adhesive sealant must exhibit the following physical and mechanical characteristics: a) Reduced modulus of elasticity E of the composite spacer with rigid profile is 4.0x10 7
  • FIG. 3 is a depiction of the double-glazed single chamber window (300) unit having the inventive composite spacer with rigid profile.
  • the window unit has two sheets of glass (306) with a width W 1 and a width W 2 , both of which are 4.0 mm or more.
  • the internal space between two sheets of glass is marked with the dimension W 3 , which is the distance measured on the inside between the two sheets of glass.
  • the width of the chamber is 14 mm or more.
  • the double-glazed window assembly further comprises a distance frame (302) with a height (H M ) of 7.0 mm or less, having a perforation on the plane facing the chamber space (301).
  • the chamber space is filled with dried air or an inert gas, e.g. argon or krypton.
  • the distance frame (302) completely surrounds a moisture-absorbing molecular sieve (303).
  • the distance frame (302) is glued to each of the panes (306) with a first adhesive comprising a first sealant forming a layer (304), wherein the thickness of the first sealant layer is no more than 0.25 mm on each side around the entire perimeter of the glass unit.
  • the composite spacer with rigid profile comprises a reinforcing pultrusion beam (305) and a second sealant forming a highly adhesive layer (307) around the entire perimeter of the spacer where it attaches to the panes of glass in the window unit.
  • the height (H A ) of the adhesive layer (307) is 5mm or less, and more preferably 3.0 mm or less, and the width (W A ) of the adhesive layer (307) is 2.0 mm or less.
  • the pultrusion spacer height H R .
  • the optimum height to depth ratio H R / D 3 is 0.8 or more.
  • Figure 4 depicts the Von Mises equivalent stresses on a simulated double-glazed windowpane of the prior art under a 400 Pa load showing a distribution of regions of high and low stresses.
  • the insulating glass unit has a dimension of 2x2m in size and a formula 8-18-8.
  • the window unit comprises a conventional composite spacer exhibiting a typical reduced modulus of elasticity of the spacer E - 1x10 6 N/m 2 . It can be seen here that the zones of maximum stress are concentrated in the corners of the double-glazed window and occupy a small area, and therefore they are large.
  • Figure 5 is a simplified depiction of Figure 4.
  • Figure 5a shows the zones of maximum stress distribution found in a conventional double-glazed window unit are concentrated at the corners of the unit.
  • inventive composite spacer with the rigid profile having much higher reduced modulus of elasticity, E, we have achieved much greater rigidity and bearing capacity without using aluminum framing or heavier glass panes.
  • inventive composite rigid spacer may be used in addition to the conventional spacer or it can be used by itself.
  • Figures 6a-6e depict a shifting of zones of high and low stresses under a pressure of 400Pa in an inventive double-glazed window with increased strength and stiffness.
  • the window has a dimension of 2x2m in size and a formula 8-18-8.
  • the window comprises the novel composite spacer with the pultruded fiberglass profile according to the instant invention exhibiting a much higher reduced modulus of elasticity of from 40x10 s N/m 2 to 9,000x10 6 N/m 2 (or 4.0x10 7 N/m 2 to 9.0x10 9 N/m 2 ).
  • the inventive composite spacer with rigid profile exhibits 40 to 9,000 times greater reduced modulus of elasticity than that of the conventional distance spacer.
  • Figure 6a shows the pattern of stress distribution with the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer equal to 40x10 6 N/m 2 , a lower boundary value of the modulus at which a double-glazed window can already be considered a double-glazed window of increased strength. It can be seen here that the zones of maximum stresses are already moving away from the corners of the double-glazed window and occupy larger areas than in Figure 4, as a result of which the magnitude of the maximum stresses decreased.
  • Figure 6b shows the pattern of stress distribution with the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer equal to 1.0x10 8 N/m 2 . It represents the minimum value of the modulus at which a double-glazed window of increased strength with such a reduced modulus of elasticity can already be used in practice. From the figure, it can be seen that the zones of maximum stresses have already completely moved away from the corners in the double-glazed windows and occupied areas even larger than in Figure 6a, as a result of which the maximum stresses decreased even more.
  • Figure 6c shows the pattern of stress distribution with the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer equal to 2.5x10 8 N/m 2 . It represents the minimum optimal value of the modulus at which minimum stresses and small displacements are achieved in an increased-strength double-glazed window. From the figure, it can be seen that the zones of maximum stresses are already located along the sides of the double-glazed window and occupied areas that are already smaller than in Figure 6b, however, the values of the maximum stresses have significantly decreased.
  • Figure 6d shows the pattern of stress distribution with the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer equal to 5.0x10 8 N/m 2 . It represents the optimal value of the modulus, at which, with increasing maximum stresses, the displacements in the double-glazed window still significantly decrease. From the figure, it can be seen that the zones of maximum stresses are located along the sides of the double-glazed window and occupy even smaller areas than in Figure 6c, and the magnitude of the maximum stresses has already increased.
  • Figure 6e shows the pattern of stress distribution with the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer equal to 1.0x10 9 N/m 2 . It represents the maximum value of the modulus at which, with an increase in maximum stresses, the displacements in the double-glazed window practically do not decrease. From the figure, it can be seen that the zones of maximum stresses have gathered near the centers sides of the double-glazed window and occupied areas of very small sizes, and the magnitude of the maximum stresses increased significantly than in Figure 6c.
  • the novel composite spacer with rigid profile enables redistributing the stress regions away from the corners and towards the sides of the unit thereby significantly reducing the negative load impact on the corners.
  • the novel composite spacer with rigid profile allows stretching and expanding the areas of maximum stresses in the unit thereby significantly improving load bearing capacity of the unit.
  • the strength and stiffness of the window unit can be further optimized, and the stress zone distribution can be controlled.
  • the zones of distribution of the stresses can be controlled by shifting the stresses completely away from the corners of the window unit.
  • a double-glazed window comprising an insulating glass unit was made with the formula 8-18-6, dimensions 2x2m, and having a weight of 140kg.
  • This insulating glass unit contained a composite spacer including a pultrusion beam or bar consisting of 80% glass filaments bonded with epoxy resin.
  • the pultrusion beam or bar has a coefficient of linear expansion that is equal to or near the coefficient of linear expansion of glass.
  • the window was assembled under conditions such that the glass unit originally exhibited an internal temperature of +20°C (ambient temperature). The double-glazed unit was then exposed to outside temperature of -20°C.
  • the glass assembly comprising 10-18-8 double-glazed unit with an aluminum frame, but without the rigid spacer, developed seal leakages leading to significant weakening in rigidity, strength, bearing capacity and lensing distortions as were observed in the glass unit of the prior art.
  • the inventive frameless assembly has been exposed to changes in temperature, wind and weather conditions, but no leaks between glass panels were observed.
  • continuous exposure to weather elements led to a significant loss in rigidity and strength.
  • a noticeable appearance deterioration and increased lensing distortions in the entire facade of a building was observed.
  • Table 1 shows test results of the analysis for the static strength of double-glazed 2m x 2m windows, having 8mm glass thickness and 18mm gas chamber width, fixed on all four sides having a formula 8-18-8 under the influence of a wind pressure of 400 N/m 2 (400 Pa).
  • Table 2 shows test results of the analysis for the static strength of double-glazed 4m x 2m windows, having 8mm glass thickness, fixed on four sides having a formula (8-18-8) under the influence of a wind pressure of 400 N/m 2 .
  • Figures 8a and 8b are representative graphs based on the data shown in Table 1 and Table 2 (above), respectively.
  • the graphs depict a relationship between the maximum stresses (represented by a line) and maximum displacements of an insulating glass unit (represented by the columns) relative to the increases in the reduced modulus of elasticity of the inventive composite spacer with an adhesive providing a rigid profile.
  • Zone 2 200x10® N/m 2 to 1 ,000x10® N/m 2 (defined herein as Zone 2)
  • Zone 2 we observed an additional decrease in the maximum deflection seen in the panes of the double-glazed window, but it is not as intense as can be observed in Zone 1 .
  • Zone 2 we further observed an increase in the maximum stresses in the glass of the double-glazed window.
  • the preferred range of the reduced modulus of elasticity of the rigid spacer is from 200x10® N/m 2 to 1 ,000x10® N/m 2 .
  • the rigid spacer reduced modulus of elasticity is less than 200x10® N/m 2 , the double-glazed unit loses the ability to withstand heavy loads, and when the reduced modulus of elasticity is above 1 ,000x10® N/m 2 , there is plateauing of the maximum stresses and thus there is no further improvement that can be observed.
  • the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer with rigid profile is from 200x10® N/m 2 to 500x10® N/m 2 .
  • the reduced modulus of elasticity of the composite spacer with rigid profile is from 400x10® N/m 2 to 500x10® N/m 2 , where the maximum displacement and maximum stresses have not yet diverged greatly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention décrit un nouvel ensemble d'unités de fenêtres à double vitrage sans cadre ayant une structure d'enceinte rigide légère. L'unité de fenêtre comprend deux feuilles de verre, ou plus, qui sont hermétiquement scellées et fixées l'une par rapport à l'autre par un élément d'espacement composite ayant un profil rigide assurant une distance entre les feuilles de verre. L'élément d'espacement composite ayant le profil rigide comporte une section transversale de renforcement interne présentant un module d'élasticité réduit élevé. L'élément d'espacement composite fonctionne conjointement avec une couche hautement adhésive pour augmenter la rigidité de chaque unité et la résistance de l'unité de fenêtre globale. Le nouvel ensemble aide à réduire et à empêcher des distorsions ou des déformations d'effet lenticulaire trouvées dans des structures de fenêtres à double vitrage classiques. L'ensemble selon l'invention peut être empilé et ne nécessite aucun type de cadre structural trouvé dans des structures de fenêtres à double vitrage classiques. L'ensemble selon l'invention peut être optimisé pour répondre aux exigences structurales et à la conformité de n'importe quelle solution architecturale et de construction.
PCT/US2023/032612 2022-09-15 2023-09-13 Structure sans cadre d'enceinte translucide basée sur des fenêtres à double vitrage à haute résistance présentant de faibles distorsions optiques WO2024059120A1 (fr)

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US63/406,948 2022-09-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230074877A1 (en) * 2020-02-07 2023-03-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glazing having an rfid transponder

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2708030A1 (fr) * 1993-07-19 1995-01-27 Alcan France Paroi vitrée isolante, à surface transparente maximale.
US20050100691A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-05-12 Ewin Bunnhofer Spacer profiles for double glazings
WO2019076804A1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Agc Glass Europe Unité de vitrage isolante remplie de gaz
WO2019076802A1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Agc Glass Europe Unité de vitrage isolant rempli de gaz
WO2020094466A1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 Agc Glass Europe Fenêtre et ensemble comprenant un châssis sans cadre raidi, et procédé de fabrication d'un châssis sans cadre raidi
US20200300029A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2020-09-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method and equipment for producing a multiple-glazed unit
WO2021201815A1 (fr) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Леонид Александрович ЛАЗЕБНИКОВ Structure de protection laissant passer la lumière
US20210381303A1 (en) * 2018-11-08 2021-12-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Insulating glazing with double spacer

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2708030A1 (fr) * 1993-07-19 1995-01-27 Alcan France Paroi vitrée isolante, à surface transparente maximale.
US20050100691A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-05-12 Ewin Bunnhofer Spacer profiles for double glazings
US20200300029A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2020-09-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method and equipment for producing a multiple-glazed unit
WO2019076804A1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Agc Glass Europe Unité de vitrage isolante remplie de gaz
WO2019076802A1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Agc Glass Europe Unité de vitrage isolant rempli de gaz
WO2020094466A1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 Agc Glass Europe Fenêtre et ensemble comprenant un châssis sans cadre raidi, et procédé de fabrication d'un châssis sans cadre raidi
US20210381303A1 (en) * 2018-11-08 2021-12-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Insulating glazing with double spacer
WO2021201815A1 (fr) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Леонид Александрович ЛАЗЕБНИКОВ Structure de protection laissant passer la lumière

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230074877A1 (en) * 2020-02-07 2023-03-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glazing having an rfid transponder

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