WO2024055975A1 - 一种钻井减震激扭钻具 - Google Patents

一种钻井减震激扭钻具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055975A1
WO2024055975A1 PCT/CN2023/118447 CN2023118447W WO2024055975A1 WO 2024055975 A1 WO2024055975 A1 WO 2024055975A1 CN 2023118447 W CN2023118447 W CN 2023118447W WO 2024055975 A1 WO2024055975 A1 WO 2024055975A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
drilling
drilling tool
central shaft
end surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/118447
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑锋
柳鹤
于琛
卢宝斌
陈俊
王建龙
尚薇
杨宝斌
张伟
陈祖红
Original Assignee
中国石油天然气集团有限公司
中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 中国石油天然气集团有限公司, 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 filed Critical 中国石油天然气集团有限公司
Publication of WO2024055975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055975A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/16—Plural down-hole drives, e.g. for combined percussion and rotary drilling; Drives for multi-bit drilling units

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of drilling technology, and in particular relates to a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool.
  • axial vibration is not only an important factor causing damage to the lower drilling tools, but also an important cause of premature failure of downhole measuring instruments; torsional vibration (especially stick-slip vibration) will significantly reduce drilling efficiency, shorten the service life of drill bits, and significantly increase drilling costs. .
  • the conventional method of suppressing the vibration of downhole drilling tools is generally achieved by controlling the drilling weight or rotational speed.
  • This method not only has poor vibration suppression effect, but also has a low mechanical drilling speed.
  • the use of drilling shock-absorbing and auxiliary rock-breaking tools is a common method to alleviate the vibration of drilling tools and increase the drilling speed, but most of the tools have certain application limitations.
  • the method of connecting a hydraulic pressurizer to the drilling tool and using the hydraulic pressurizer to convert the drilling pressure into hydraulic flexible pressurization can alleviate the axial vibration of the drilling tool during the drilling process of hard formations to a certain extent.
  • the hydraulic pressurizer since the weight on bit generated by the hydraulic pressurizer is related to the pressure loss of the lower drill tool assembly, the hydraulic pressurizer has certain requirements for the placement position and the type and arrangement of the lower drill tool assembly. The working process , it requires water power and cannot alleviate the stick-slip effect. Another example is the method of connecting torsional impact tools in drilling tools. Although torsional impact tools can prevent stick-slip and increase the drilling speed, such tools require a large amount of hydraulic energy, and such tools It does not have the effect of reducing the vibration of drilling tools and cannot protect the drilling tools. In view of the above problems, it is necessary to propose a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool to solve or partially solve the above problems. The technical solutions proposed in this application are as follows:
  • this application proposes a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool, including: a housing assembly, a central shaft assembly, an elastic member and a hammer body;
  • the central shaft assembly is dynamically sealingly matched with the housing assembly, and the central shaft assembly is provided with external splines, and the housing assembly is correspondingly provided with internal splines, and the internal splines are connected to the External splines match;
  • the elastic member surrounds the central shaft assembly, the housing assembly is provided with a first step surface and a second step surface, and the central shaft assembly is provided with a third step surface;
  • the sheath fits the housing assembly, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sheath can respectively contact the first step surface and the upper end surface of the elastic member;
  • the upper end surface of the elastic member can contact the lower end surface of the external spline, and the lower end surface of the elastic member can contact the second step surface and the third step surface;
  • the central shaft assembly is provided with a spiral rib
  • the hammer body is an annular structure
  • the hammer body is provided with a spiral groove corresponding to the spiral rib
  • the hammer body is provided with a first protrusion
  • the housing assembly includes an annular groove
  • the hammer body is placed in the annular groove
  • the annular groove is provided with a second protrusion
  • the hammer body can move axially relative to the central axis assembly driven by the housing assembly, and can rotate circumferentially in the annular groove driven by the spiral rib to position at the desired position.
  • an impact is produced on the housing assembly.
  • the central shaft assembly includes a first central shaft and a second central shaft that are fixedly connected;
  • a through-flow fluid channel is provided inside the first central axis and the second central axis;
  • the first central axis is provided with the external splines
  • the second central axis is provided with the spiral edge
  • the lower outer diameter of the first central axis is smaller than the upper outer diameter of the second central axis to form the third step surface.
  • the housing assembly includes a connected first housing and a second housing
  • the lower inner diameter of the first housing is smaller than the upper inner diameter of the second housing to form the first step surface
  • a first boss is provided in the middle of the second housing, and the upper end surface of the first boss forms the second step surface.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool further includes: a sheath;
  • the sheath fits the second housing, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sheath can respectively contact the first step surface and the upper end surface of the elastic member.
  • the shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool for drilling also includes: preventing blocks from falling;
  • the partial area of the first central axis where the external spline is disposed is provided with an anti-falling block receiving groove, the anti-falling block is disposed in the anti-falling block receiving groove, and the anti-falling block is in contact with the sheath. contact.
  • the housing assembly further includes a third housing connected to the second housing; a step is further provided on the lower part of the second housing, and the third housing is The upper inner diameter of the third housing is smaller than the lower inner diameter of the second housing to form the annular groove.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool further includes: a limiting ring;
  • the limiting ring is disposed in the annular groove, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the limiting ring contact the upper end surfaces of the hammer body and the third housing respectively.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing torque drilling tool further includes: a lower joint fixedly connected to the third housing;
  • the lower joint is used to connect a lower drilling tool.
  • the inner diameter of the lower joint is larger than the outer diameter of the second central axis.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and twisting drilling tool further includes: a first dynamic seal and a second dynamic seal;
  • the first dynamic seal is disposed between the first housing and the first central shaft;
  • the second dynamic seal is disposed between the third housing and the second central shaft.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool further includes: an oil injection plug body;
  • the first housing is provided with an oil filling hole, and the oil filling plug is fixed to the oil filling hole.
  • the upper end of the first central shaft is provided with a threaded connection portion for connecting an upper drilling tool.
  • the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the hammer body are chrome-plated surfaces.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool includes a shell component and a central shaft component that are matched through a spline structure, an elastic member and a hammer body that are arranged between the shell component and the central shaft component.
  • the spiral groove of the body matches the spiral edge of the central shaft assembly.
  • Drilling shock-absorbing torsion drilling tools can be connected to the drill bit. During the drilling process, when the drilling tool vibrates upward or downward, the shell component and the central shaft component move relative to each other, compressing the elastic parts, and the elastic parts absorb part of the axial vibration.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool provided by this application has a simple tool structure and can be used for drilling in hard formations.
  • the drilling tool is suitable for installation at a position near the drill bit of the drilling tool assembly.
  • the vibration is converted into torsional impact force through the hammer body, eliminating the stick-slip effect.
  • Adverse effects it has the effect of shock absorption and anti-stick-slip, which can extend the service life of the drill bit and increase the mechanical penetration rate.
  • the use of this drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool is conducive to improving the quality of the wellbore and ensuring drilling. The role of occupational safety.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part A of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part B of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part C of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-sectional structure of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the B-B cross-sectional structure of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the B-B cross-sectional structure of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool shown in Figure 1.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a drilling tool for shock-absorbing and twisting, as shown in FIGS. 1-6B.
  • the drilling tool for shock-absorbing and twisting includes: a shell assembly (not labeled in the figure), a central shaft assembly (Fig. (not marked), sheath 3, elastic member 5 and hammer body 8;
  • the central shaft assembly is dynamically sealed with the housing assembly, and the central shaft assembly is provided with an external spline 101, and the housing assembly is correspondingly provided with an internal spline 201, and the internal spline 201 is connected to the External spline 101 matches;
  • the elastic member 5 surrounds the central axis assembly, the housing assembly is provided with a first step surface 202 and a second step surface 603, and the central axis assembly is provided with a third step surface 702;
  • the sheath 3 fits the housing assembly, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sheath 3 can respectively contact the first step surface 202 and the upper end surface of the elastic member 5;
  • the upper end surface of the elastic member 5 can contact the lower end surface of the external spline 101, and the lower end surface of the elastic member 5 can contact the second step surface 603 and the third step surface 702;
  • the central axis assembly is provided with a spiral edge 701, the hammer body 8 is an annular structure, the hammer body 8 is provided with a spiral groove 801 corresponding to the spiral edge 701, the hammer body 8 is provided with There is a first protruding part 802, the housing assembly includes an annular groove 601, the hammer body 8 is placed in the annular groove 601, the annular groove 601 is provided with a second protruding part 602;
  • the hammer body 8 can move axially relative to the central axis assembly driven by the housing assembly, and rotate circumferentially in the annular groove 601 under the action of the spiral edge 701. When the first protruding part 802 strikes the second protruding part 602, an impact is produced on the housing assembly.
  • the elastic member 5 is accommodated in the cavity between the lower end surface of the sheath 3, the lower end surface of the external spline 101, the second step surface 603 and the third step surface 702, or in other words, the sheath 3, the lower end surface of the external spline 101, the second step surface 603 and the third step surface 702 form a receiving cavity of the elastic member 5.
  • the upper end surface of the elastic member 5 will contact the lower end surface of the sheath 3 or the lower end surface of the external spline 101
  • the lower end surface of the elastic member 5 will contact the second step surface 603 or the third step surface.
  • the upper end surface of the elastic member 5 can contact the lower end surface of the sheath 3 and the lower end surface of the external spline 101 at the same time.
  • the lower end surface of the elastic member 5 can simultaneously contact the third end surface.
  • the second step surface 603 and the third step surface 702. Specifically, when the drilling tool is subjected to an axial force and the central shaft assembly moves upward or downward, the housing assembly and the central shaft assembly move relative to each other in the axial direction, and the elastic member 5 is compressed by force, the elastic member 5 will be in contact between the lower end surface of the sheath 3 and the third step surface 702, and/or the elastic member 5 will be in contact between the lower end surface of the external spline 101 and the third step surface 702. between the second step surfaces 603.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing torque drilling tool includes a shell component and a central shaft component that are matched by a spline structure, an elastic member 5 and a hammer body 8 arranged between the shell component and the central shaft component.
  • the spiral groove 801 of the hammer body 8 matches the spiral edge 701 of the central shaft assembly.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing torsion drilling tool can connect the drill bit. During the drilling process, when the drilling tool vibrates upward or downward, the shell component and the central axis component move relative to each other, compressing the elastic member 5, and the elastic member 5 absorbs part of the axial direction.
  • the vibration inhibits the further transmission of the vibration impact force and reduces the impact of vibration on the drilling tool; in the case of relatively severe vibration, as the housing assembly moves upward or downward, the hammer body 8 is driven along the circumference of the central axis assembly. To rotate, the linear lead is converted into a rotary lead motion.
  • the first protruding part 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protruding part 602 of the housing assembly, a torsional impact force is generated on the housing assembly, and the torsion
  • the impact force is transmitted downward from the shell assembly to the drill bit, and the stronger the vibration, the better the torsional impact force stimulated, which can effectively alleviate the stick-slip effect of the drill bit during drilling.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing torsion drilling tool provided by the invention has a simple tool structure and can be used in hard For formation drilling, this drilling tool is suitable for installation near the drill bit in the drill tool assembly, and can be installed directly on the drill bit.
  • this drilling tool is suitable for installation near the drill bit in the drill tool assembly, and can be installed directly on the drill bit.
  • the hammer body 8 converts the vibration into a torsional impact force, eliminating the adverse effects of the stick-slip effect, achieving shock absorption and anti-stick-slip effects, and extending the use of the drill bit.
  • the use of this drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool is conducive to improving the quality of the wellbore and ensuring the safety of drilling operations.
  • the elastic member 5 may be a disc spring, and the disc spring surrounds the above-mentioned central axis assembly.
  • the disc spring undergoes elastic deformation, which can absorb the upward or downward axial vibration, inhibit the further transmission of vibration impact force, and reduce the impact of vibration on the drilling tool.
  • the central shaft assembly includes a first central shaft 1 and a second central shaft 7 that are fixedly connected;
  • a through-flow fluid channel 17 is provided inside the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7;
  • the first central shaft 1 is provided with the external spline 101;
  • the second central axis 7 is provided with the spiral edge 701;
  • the lower outer diameter of the first central shaft 1 is smaller than the upper outer diameter of the second central shaft 7 to form the third step surface 702 .
  • the lower part of the first central shaft 1 is provided with a male thread
  • the upper part of the second central shaft 7 is provided with a female thread.
  • the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 Threaded connection for fixation.
  • the male thread provided at the lower end of the first central shaft 1 is a tapered external thread
  • the female thread provided at the upper end of the second central shaft 7 is a tapered internal thread.
  • the shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool for drilling the first central axis 1 also includes: a tightening pin 14, which cooperates to fix the tapered internal thread and the tapered external thread.
  • the upper end of the first central shaft 1 is provided with a threaded connection portion for connecting an upper drilling tool.
  • the threaded thread of the threaded connection portion provided at the upper end of the first central shaft 1 is a tapered thread
  • the lower end of the tapered thread is a tapered shape with a radius that gradually decreases from top to bottom. structure
  • the lower end of the tapered structure is a through hole with a certain radius, forming a fluid channel 17 connected to the second central axis 7 .
  • the first central shaft 1 in order to facilitate the provision of the button thread of the threaded connection part on the upper part of the first central shaft 1 and the above-mentioned external spline 101 in the middle part of the first central shaft 1 , the first central shaft 1
  • the upper part of 1 is provided with two step surfaces that become smaller in outer diameter from top to bottom, increasing the outer diameter of the upper part of the first central axis 1, thereby facilitating the production of the buckle thread of the threaded connection part, and reducing the first central axis
  • the outer diameter of the middle and lower parts of 1 facilitates the installation of the above-mentioned external splines 101 in the middle of the first central shaft 1 so that the first central shaft 1 can transmit torque.
  • a step is provided on the second central shaft 7 so that the upper outer diameter of the second central shaft 7 is larger than the lower outer diameter, and the second central shaft 7 is a hollow shaft, and a female nut is provided on the upper part of the hollow shaft.
  • the thread is used to connect the first central shaft 1, and its lower part is a through hole with a certain radius to form a fluid channel 17 connected to the first central shaft 1.
  • the diameters of the through holes of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 may be the same.
  • a plurality of sets of the above-mentioned spiral ribs 701 are provided at the lower part of the second central shaft 7 to cooperate with the hammer body 8 .
  • the housing assembly includes a connected first housing 2 and a second housing 6;
  • the lower inner diameter of the first housing 2 is smaller than the upper inner diameter of the second housing 6 to form the first step surface 202;
  • a first boss 604 is provided in the middle of the second housing 6 , and the upper end surface of the first boss 604 forms the second step surface 603 .
  • the lower part of the first housing 2 is provided with male threads
  • the upper part of the second housing 6 is provided with female threads.
  • the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 are threadedly connected and fixed. Specifically, it may be that both the male thread on the lower part of the first housing 2 and the female thread on the upper part of the second housing 6 are tapered threads.
  • the upper end of the first housing 2 has a circular ring structure.
  • the above-mentioned internal splines 201 are provided inside the first housing 2.
  • the internal splines 201 are connected with the first central axis 1
  • the structural dimensions of the external splines 101 in the middle part are matched to achieve torque transmission through the spline fit when the first central shaft 1 rotates.
  • the specific structures of the internal splines 201 of the first housing 2 and the external splines 101 of the first central shaft 1 are not limited to the implementation structures described in the above embodiments.
  • the specific structural form of the spline 201 may refer to the detailed description of the related art, and may not be specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the sheath 3 fits the second housing 6, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the sheath 3 They can respectively contact the first step surface 202 and the upper end surface of the elastic member 5 .
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool further includes: an anti-falling block 4;
  • the first central shaft 1 is provided with an anti-falling block receiving groove (not marked in the figure) in a part of the area where the external spline 101 is provided, and the anti-falling block 4 is disposed in the anti-falling block receiving groove, and the The anti-falling block 4 is in contact with the sheath 3 .
  • the above-mentioned anti-falling block 4 may be composed of two symmetrical semi-circular ring structures.
  • the anti-falling block 4 is not limited to the above two symmetrical semi-circular ring structures, and can also be other suitable implementation structures.
  • the outer wall of the anti-falling block 4 contacts the above-mentioned
  • the movement stroke of the first central shaft 1 can be limited. Since the bottom of the sheath 3 abuts When the first central shaft 1 moves downward, the lower part of the anti-falling block 4 contacts the bottom of the sheath 3 and is blocked by the elastic member 5, thereby preventing the first central shaft 1 from falling out of the housing assembly. It continues to fall downward, and when the first central axis 1 moves upward, the upper part of the anti-fall block 4 contacts the bottom of the first housing 2, that is, it is blocked by the first housing 2, so that it will not continue to fall. upward movement.
  • annular gap (not shown in the figure) is formed between the first housing 2 , the second housing 6 and the first central axis 1 , and the sheath 3 is prevented from falling off.
  • the block 4 and the elastic member 5 are both arranged in the annular gap.
  • a sealing ring 15 is provided between the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7. Through the sealing ring 15, the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 are sealed. The sealing effect of the central shaft 7 is better, preventing the annular gap from communicating with the fluid channels 17 in the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 .
  • a first dynamic seal 12 is disposed between the first central shaft 1 and the first housing 2 to achieve sealing of the annular gap.
  • the specific implementation of the first dynamic seal 12 can be referred to the detailed introduction in the related art, and is not specifically limited here.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing torque drilling tool in order to facilitate oil injection into the annular gap, also includes an oil injection plug body 13.
  • the upper part of the first housing 2 is also provided with an oil injection hole.
  • the oil injection plug body 13 is fixed on The oil filling hole. When oil injection is required, the oil injection plug body 13 is removed, oil is injected into the annular space through the oil injection hole, and after the oil injection is completed, the oil injection plug body 13 is fixed to the oil injection hole.
  • the housing assembly further includes a third housing 10 connected to the second housing 6 ;
  • the lower part of the second housing 6 is also provided with a step portion 605, and the upper inner diameter of the third housing 10 is smaller than the lower inner diameter of the second housing 6 to form the annular groove 601.
  • the lower part of the second housing 6 is provided with a female thread
  • the upper part of the third housing 10 is provided with a male thread.
  • the second housing 6 and the third housing 10 are connected and fixed with threads.
  • the female thread at the lower part of the second housing 6 and the male thread at the upper part of the third housing 10 may both be tapered threads.
  • the shape of the third housing 10 is a structure with a large inner diameter at the upper part and a small inner diameter at the lower part. Furthermore, in order to ensure the sealing effect between the third housing 10 and the second central shaft 7 , a second dynamic seal 16 is provided between the third housing 10 and the second central shaft 7 .
  • the specific implementation of the second dynamic seal 16 can be referred to the detailed introduction in the related art, and is not specifically limited here.
  • the second housing 6 is provided with a set of the above-mentioned annular Groove 601, the hammer body 8 is disposed in the annular groove 601.
  • the second housing 6 drives the hammer body 8 to move. Since the second central axis 7 is provided with multiple sets of spiral ribs 701. Driven by the spiral ribs 701, the hammer body 8 rotates circumferentially in the annular groove 601.
  • two sets of symmetrically arranged second protrusions 602 are provided in the annular groove 601 in the second housing 6 , and correspondingly, the hammer body is symmetrically provided with two sets of second protrusions 602 .
  • a set of first protrusions 802 when the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 move axially relative to the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7, the hammer body 8 is driven by the spiral edge 701 When the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 move axially relative to the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7, the hammer body 8 rotates circumferentially in the annular groove 601.
  • the two sets of first protrusions 802 of the hammer body 8 will respectively strike the two sets of symmetrically arranged second protrusions 602, so that the second housing can bear a torsional impact along the same circumferential direction. force, better transmitting the torsional impact force downward to the lower drilling tool, thereby effectively alleviating the stick-slip effect of the drill bit during drilling.
  • the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the hammer body 8 may be chromium plated.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool further includes: a limiting ring 9;
  • the limiting ring 9 is disposed in the annular groove 601 , and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the limiting ring 9 contact the upper end surfaces of the hammer body 8 and the second housing 6 respectively.
  • the limiting ring 9 limits the slot position in the annular groove 601 and limits the range of the punch body 8 moving up and down in the annular groove 601. This can make the circumferential rotation of the hammer body 8 smoother.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool also includes: a lower joint 11 fixedly connected to the third housing 10;
  • the lower joint 11 is used to connect a lower drilling tool.
  • the inner diameter of the lower joint 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the second central axis 7 .
  • the second central axis 7 at least partially extends into the lower joint 11 .
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool can be connected to the lower drilling tool.
  • the lower drilling tool includes a drill bit.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool can be directly installed on the drill bit. Since the inner diameter of the lower joint 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the second central shaft 7 , when the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 move axially, the second central shaft 7 will not interact with the lower joint. 11 generates friction, making the movement of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 smoother.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool is connected to the drilling tool for drilling. During well operations, it can be connected between the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool.
  • the upper drilling tool can include at least one of drill pipe, weighted drill pipe, drill collar, and non-magnetic drill collar.
  • the lower drilling tool can include drill.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and twisting drilling tool, the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool can be connected through conventional connection structures. For example, it can be a threaded connection on the upper part of the first central axis 1 of the drilling shock-absorbing and twisting drilling tool.
  • the upper part of the connecting head is connected to the upper drilling tool through a screw rod, and the lower part of the connecting head is connected to the lower drilling tool (for example, a drill bit) through a double-headed nut.
  • the following takes the drilling shock-absorbing and twisting drilling tool shown in Figure 1 as an example to describe the work of connecting it to the drilling tool. The process is described in detail as follows:
  • the upper drilling tool connected to the drilling shock-absorbing and twisting drilling tool exerts biting pressure on the drilling shock-absorbing and twisting drilling tool, and its upper biting weight is transmitted to the first central axis 1, thereby driving the first center axis
  • the bottom end of the external spline 101 of the shaft 1 presses the elastic member 5 downward.
  • the elastic member 5 After the elastic member 5 withstands the extrusion force, it transmits the drilling pressure to the second step formed on the upper end surface of the first boss 604 of the second housing 6 Surface 603, and absorbs a very small part of the weight on bit.
  • the second housing 6 receives the bit weight transmitted by the elastic member 5, and further transmits the bit weight to the drill bit through the third housing 10 and the lower joint 11.
  • the upper drilling tool of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool transmits the torque to the first central axis 1, and the first central axis 1
  • the external spline 101 in the middle transmits the torque to the first housing 2 through the internal spline 201 structure of the first housing 2.
  • the first housing 2 passes through the second housing 6, the third housing 10 and the lower joint 11
  • the torque is transmitted to the drill bit; in addition, after the drilling fluid passed through the upper drilling tool enters the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool, it enters the drill bit through the first central axis 1, the second central axis 7 and the fluid channel 17 of the lower joint 11.
  • the drilling shock-absorbing torque drilling tool realizes the transmission of drilling pressure and torque, and ensures the continuity of drilling fluid circulation.
  • the structure of the drilling shock-absorbing torque drilling tool does not affect the smooth progress of drilling operations.
  • the drill bit breaks through the rock and vibrates violently.
  • the vibration is transmitted through the drill bit to the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool.
  • the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7 inside are relative to the first shell outside. 2.
  • the second housing 6, the third housing 10 and the lower joint 11 move axially, thereby driving the hammer body 8 to rotate circumferentially in the annular groove 601, and the first protruding portion of the hammer body 8
  • 802 strikes the second protrusion 602 in the annular groove 601
  • it will impact the second housing 6, and the torsional impact force generated will be transmitted to the lower drill bit through the third housing 10 and the lower joint 11.
  • the lower joint 11 connected to the drill bit drives the first housing 2, the second housing 6 and the third housing 10 to vibrate upward.
  • the upper end surface of the first boss 604 in the middle of the second housing 6 forms The second step surface 603 presses the lower end surface of the elastic member 5 upward.
  • the first central shaft 1 bears the drilling pressure of the upper drill tool, and the bottom end of the external spline 101 in the middle of the first central shaft 1 presses the elastic member 5 downward. End face. In this way, the elastic member 5 is compressed under the action of the upper drilling weight and the upward vibration impact force of the lower part, and absorbs the instantaneous vibration impact force of the lower part.
  • the elastic member 5 Since the elastic member 5 absorbs a larger part of the upward vibration and impact force, it inhibits the further upward transmission of the vibration impact force and reduces the impact of vibration on the upper drilling tool; at the same time, the vibration and impact force generated by the drill bit is obtained at the elastic member 5 Attenuation, the vibration impact on the drill bit is weakened.
  • the elastic member 5 is in a certain compressed state due to the upper drilling pressure. Therefore, at the moment of upward vibration, the first housing 2, the second housing 6 and the third housing 10 moves upward instantaneously relative to the first central axis 1.
  • the hammer body 8 moves upward instantaneously due to the action of the lower limit ring 9.
  • the inner spiral groove 801 of the punch body 8 is affected by multiple sets of spirals of the second central axis 7
  • the edge 701 is driven to instantly rotate at a certain angle in the circumferential direction until the first protruding part 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protruding part 602 of the annular groove 601, causing an impact on the second housing 6.
  • the three-shell body 10 and the lower joint 11 transmit the generated torsional impact force to the lower drill bit, thereby effectively alleviating the stick-slip effect of the drill bit during drilling.
  • the lower joint 11 connected to the drill bit drives the first housing 2, the second housing 6 and the third housing 10 to vibrate downward, and the lower end surface of the first housing 2 drives the sheath 3 to squeeze downward.
  • the upper end surface of the elastic member 5 is pressed, and the lower end surface of the elastic member 5 is limited by the second central axis 7 to produce compression. In this way, the elastic member 5 is compressed under the downward vibration impact force and the limiting effect, and absorbs the instantaneous vibration impact force at the lower part.
  • the elastic member 5 Since the elastic member 5 absorbs a larger part of the downward vibration impact force, it inhibits the further upward transmission of the vibration impact force and reduces the impact of vibration on the upper drilling tool; at the same time, due to the vibration impact force generated by the drill bit at the elastic member 5 is reduced, and the vibration impact on the drill bit is weakened. Since during normal drilling, when the drill bit does not vibrate significantly, the elastic member 5 is in a certain compressed state due to the upper bit pressure. Therefore, at the moment when downward vibration occurs, the first housing 2, the second housing 6 and the third housing 6 are in a state of compression. The three housings 10 move downward instantaneously relative to the first central axis 1. The upper part of the hammer body 8 is moved downward instantaneously by the annular groove 601.
  • the spiral groove 801 on the inner side of the hammer body 8 is affected by the second center axis.
  • the multiple sets of spiral edges 701 of the shaft 7 are driven to instantly rotate at a certain angle in the circumferential direction until the first protruding portion 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protruding portion 602 of the annular groove 601, and the second housing 6 is An impact is generated, and the torsional impact force generated is transmitted to the lower drill bit via the third housing 10 and the lower joint 11, thereby effectively alleviating the stick-slip effect of the drill bit during drilling.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a drilling tool assembly, including an upper drilling tool, a lower drilling tool, and the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool described in the first embodiment;
  • the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tools are respectively connected to the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool.
  • the upper drilling tool may include at least one of a drill pipe, a weighted drill pipe, a drill collar, and a non-magnetic drill collar, and the lower drilling tool may include a drill bit.
  • the upper drilling tool includes a drill pipe, a weighted drill pipe, a drill collar, and a non-magnetic drill collar
  • the lower drilling tool includes a drill bit
  • the threaded connection part on the upper part of the first central axis 1 of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool is connected to the non-magnetic drill collar through a screw rod
  • the lower part of the connecting head is connected to the drill bit through a double-headed nut.
  • the specific implementation method of the above-mentioned drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool can refer to the detailed description in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1.
  • the specific implementation method of the above-mentioned upper drilling tool and lower drilling tool can refer to the related art.
  • the specific working process of the drilling tool assembly can refer to the detailed description of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool in the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an application of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool described in the first embodiment above in drilling.

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Abstract

一种钻井减震激扭钻具，其中，中心轴组件与壳体组件动密封配合，且中心轴组件设置有外花键（101），壳体组件设置有内花键（201）；弹性件（5）环绕中心轴组件，壳体组件设置有第一台阶面（202）和第二台阶面（603），中心轴组件设置有第三台阶面（702）；护套（3）贴合壳体组件，且护套的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接第一台阶面和弹性件的上端面；弹性件的上端面能够抵接外花键的下端面，弹性件的下端面能够抵接第二台阶面和第三台阶面；中心轴组件设置有螺旋棱（701），冲锤体（8）为环形结构，冲锤体设置有螺旋凹槽（801），冲锤体设置有第一凸起部（802），壳体组件包括环形凹槽（601），环形凹槽设置有第二凸起部（602）；冲锤体在螺旋棱的驱动下，在环形凹槽内周向旋转，使第一凸起部敲击第二凸起部。

Description

一种钻井减震激扭钻具
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2022年09月15日提交的中国专利申请202211119818.6的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本申请属于钻井技术领域，特别是涉及一种钻井减震激扭钻具。
背景技术
钻井过程中，钻头与地层之间的相互作用、钻柱与井壁之间的摩擦碰撞导致剧烈震动，主要包括轴向、扭转和横向震动，三种震动在井下同时发生且相互耦合，特别是在深部硬地层、软硬交错地层，井下条件更为复杂恶劣、岩石可钻性变差，各向震动进一步发展为跳钻、粘滑和涡动。其中，轴向震动不仅是造成下部钻具损坏的重要因素、还是井下测量仪器提前失效的重要诱因；扭转震动(尤其是粘滑震动)将大幅降低钻井效率，缩短钻头使用寿命，显著增加钻井成本。
发明内容
发明人发现，常规采取的抑制井下钻具震动的方法一般通过控制钻压或转速来实现，这样的方式不仅抑震效果差，而且机械钻速低。使用钻井减震、辅助破岩工具是缓解钻具震动、提高机械钻速的常用手段，但工具大都存在一定应用局限性。比如，采用在钻具中连接水力加压器，使用水力加压器将钻压转化为液力柔性加压的方法，虽然可以在一定程度上缓解硬地层钻井过程中，钻具的轴向震动的问题，但是，由于该水力加压器产生的钻压与下部钻具组合压耗有关，水力加压器对安放位置和下部连接的钻具组合的类型和排布方式有一定要求，工作过程中，需要消耗水力，且无法缓解粘滑效应。又比如，采用在钻具中连接扭转冲击类工具的方法，虽然扭转冲击类工具可以起到预防粘滑、提高机械钻速的作用，但是该类工具需要消耗较大水力能量，且该类工具不具备减小钻具震动的效果，无法起到保护钻具的作用。鉴于上述问题，有必要提出一种钻井减震激扭钻具，以解决或部分解决上述问题，本申请提出的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本申请提出了一种钻井减震激扭钻具，包括：壳体组件、中心轴组件、弹性件和冲锤体；
所述中心轴组件与所述壳体组件动密封配合，且所述中心轴组件设置有外花键，所述壳体组件对应设置有内花键，所述内花键与所述 外花键相配合；
所述弹性件环绕所述中心轴组件，所述壳体组件设置有第一台阶面和第二台阶面，所述中心轴组件设置有第三台阶面；
所述护套贴合所述壳体组件，且所述护套的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接所述第一台阶面和所述弹性件的上端面；
所述弹性件的上端面能够抵接所述外花键的下端面，所述弹性件的下端面能够抵接所述第二台阶面和所述第三台阶面；
所述中心轴组件设置有螺旋棱，所述冲锤体为环形结构，所述冲锤体设置有与所述螺旋棱相对应的螺旋凹槽，所述冲锤体设置有第一凸起部，所述壳体组件包括环形凹槽，所述冲锤体置于所述环形凹槽内，所述环形凹槽设置有第二凸起部；
所述冲锤体能够在所述壳体组件的带动下相对于所述中心轴组件轴向运动，并在所述螺旋棱的驱动下，在所述环形凹槽内周向旋转，以在所述第一凸起部敲击所述第二凸起部的情况下，对所述壳体组件产生冲击。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述中心轴组件包括固定连接的第一中心轴和第二中心轴；
所述第一中心轴和所述第二中心轴的内部设置有贯通的流体通道；
所述第一中心轴设置有所述外花键；
所述第二中心轴设置有所述螺旋棱；
所述第一中心轴的下部外径小于所第二中心轴的上部外径，以形成所述第三台阶面。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述壳体组件包括连接的第一壳体和第二壳体；
所述第一壳体的下部内径小于所述第二壳体的上部内径，以形成所述第一台阶面；
所述第二壳体的中部设置有第一凸台，所述第一凸台的上端面形成所述第二台阶面。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：护套；
所述护套贴合第二壳体，且所述护套的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接所述第一台阶面和所述弹性件的上端面。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：防掉块；
所述第一中心轴设置所述外花键的部分区域设置有防掉块容纳槽，所述防掉块设置于所述防掉块容纳槽内，且所述防掉块与所述护套相接触。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述壳体组件还包括与所述第二壳体连接的第三壳体；所述第二壳体的下部还设置有台阶部，且所述第三壳体的上部内径小于所述第二壳体的下部内径，以形成所述环形凹槽。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：限位环；
所述限位环设置于所述环形凹槽内，且所述限位环的上端面和下端面分别接触所述冲锤体和所述第三壳体的上端面。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：与所述第三壳体固定连接的下接头；
所述下接头用于连接下部钻具所述下接头的内径大于所述第二中心轴的外径。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：第一动密封件和第二动密封件；
所述第一动密封件设置于所述第一壳体与所述第一中心轴之间；
所述第二动密封件设置于所述第三壳体与所述第二中心轴之间。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：注油塞体；
所述第一壳体上设置有注油孔，所述注油塞体固定于所述注油孔。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述第一中心轴的上端设置有螺纹连接部，用于连接上部钻具。
在一个或一些可选的实施例中，所述冲锤体的上端面和下端面为镀铬处理面。
基于上述技术方案，本申请较现有技术而言的有益效果为：
本申请提供的钻井减震激扭钻具，包括通过花键结构相配合的壳体组件与中心轴组件，设置于壳体组件与中心轴组件之间的弹性件和冲锤体，该冲锤体的螺旋凹槽与中心轴组件的螺旋棱相配合。钻井减震激扭钻具能够连接钻头，在钻井过程中，在钻具向上震动或向下震动时，壳体组件与中心轴组件相对运动，压缩弹性件，由弹性件吸收部分轴向震动，抑制了震动冲击力的进一步传递，减小了震动对钻具的影响；在震动较为剧烈的情况下，随着壳体组件向上或向下移动，带动冲锤体沿中心轴组件周向旋转，将直线导程转换为旋转导程运动，在冲锤体的第一凸起部敲击壳体组件的第二凸起部时，对壳体组件产生扭转冲击力，扭转冲击力由壳体组件向下传递至钻头，且震动越强烈，激发的扭转冲击力效果越好，能够有效实现缓解钻头钻进时的粘滑效应。
本申请提供的钻井减震激扭钻具，工具结构简单，能够应用于硬地层钻井，该钻具适于安装于钻具组合的近钻头的位置，在工作过程 中，不需要消耗水力，无需抑制钻压或转速，就可以实现吸收有害轴向震动，起到保护钻具的效果，同时，通过冲锤体将震动转化为扭转冲击力，消除粘滑效应的不利影响，起到减震、防粘滑的效果，能够实现延长钻头使用寿命，并提高机械钻速的目的，使用该钻井减震激扭钻具，有利于改善井眼质量，起到保障钻井作业安全的作用。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的钻井减震激扭钻具的剖视图；
图2是图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具的A部结构放大示意图；
图3是图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具的B部结构放大示意图；
图4是图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具的C部结构放大示意图；
图5是图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具的A-A截面结构示意图；
图6A是图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具的B-B截面结构示意图一；
图6B是图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具的B-B截面结构示意图二。
其中：
1-第一中心轴，101-外花键，2-第一壳体，201-内花键，202-第一台阶面，3-护套，4-防掉块，5-弹性件，6-第二壳体，601-环形凹槽，602-第二凸起部，603-第二台阶面，604-第一凸台，605-台阶部，7-第二中心轴，701-螺旋棱，702-第三台阶面702，8-冲锤体，801-螺旋凹槽，802-第一凸起部，9-限位环，10-第三壳体，11-下接头，12-第一动密封件，13-塞体，14-紧定销，15-密封圈，16-第二动密封件，17-流体通道。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
实施例一
本申请实施例提出了一种钻井减震激扭钻具，参照图1-图6B所示，该钻井减震激扭钻具包括：壳体组件(图中未标示)、中心轴组件(图中未标示)、护套3、弹性件5和冲锤体8；
所述中心轴组件与所述壳体组件动密封配合，且所述中心轴组件设置有外花键101，所述壳体组件对应设置有内花键201，所述内花键201与所述外花键101相配合；
所述弹性件5环绕所述中心轴组件，所述壳体组件设置有第一台阶面202和第二台阶面603，所述中心轴组件设置有第三台阶面702；
所述护3贴合所述壳体组件，且所述护套3的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接所述第一台阶面202和所述弹性件5的上端面；
所述弹性件5的上端面能够抵接所述外花键101的下端面，所述弹性件5的下端面能够抵接所述第二台阶面603和所述第三台阶面702；
所述中心轴组件设置有螺旋棱701，所述冲锤体8为环形结构，所述冲锤体8设置有与所述螺旋棱701相对应的螺旋凹槽801，所述冲锤体8设置有第一凸起部802，所述壳体组件包括环形凹槽601，所述冲锤体8置于所述环形凹槽601内，所述环形凹槽601设置有第二凸起部602；
所述冲锤体8能够在所述壳体组件的带动下相对于所述中心轴组件轴向运动，并在所述螺旋棱701的作用下，在所述环形凹槽601内周向旋转，以在所述第一凸起部802敲击所述第二凸起部602的情况下，对所述壳体组件产生冲击。
本申请实施例中，该弹性件5容纳于该护套3的下端面、外花键101的下端面、第二台阶面603和第三台阶面702之间的空腔，或者说，护套3的下端面、外花键101的下端面、第二台阶面603和第三台阶面702之间形成该弹性件5的容纳腔。在工作过程中，该弹性件5的上端面会抵接护套3的下端面或者该外花键101的下端面，该弹性件5的下端面会抵接该第二台阶面603或第三台阶面702，当然在临界状态下，该弹性件5的上端面可以同时抵接该护套3的下端面和该外花键101的下端面，该弹性件5的下端面可以同时抵接该第二台阶面603和第三台阶面702。具体来讲，可以是，在钻井减震激扭钻具受沿轴向作用力条件下，中心轴组件向上或向下运动时，该壳体组件和中心轴组件沿轴向相对运动，弹性件5受力压缩，则会使得该弹性件5抵接于护套3的下端面与该第三台阶面702之间，和/或，该弹性件5抵接于外花键101的下端面与该第二台阶面603之间。
本发明提供的钻井减震激扭钻具，包括通过花键结构相配合的壳体组件与中心轴组件，设置于壳体组件与中心轴组件之间的弹性件5和冲锤体8，该冲锤体8的螺旋凹槽801与中心轴组件的螺旋棱701相配合。钻井减震激扭钻具能够连接钻头，在钻井过程中，在钻具向上震动或向下震动时，壳体组件与中心轴组件相对运动，压缩弹性件5，由弹性件5吸收部分轴向震动，抑制了震动冲击力的进一步传递，减小了震动对钻具的影响；在震动较为剧烈的情况下，随着壳体组件向上或向下移动，带动冲锤体8沿中心轴组件周向旋转，将直线导程转换为旋转导程运动，在冲锤体8的第一凸起部802敲击壳体组件的第二凸起部602时，对壳体组件产生扭转冲击力，扭转冲击力由壳体组件向下传递至钻头，且震动越强烈，激发的扭转冲击力效果越好，能够有效实现缓解钻头钻进时的粘滑效应。
本发明提供的钻井减震激扭钻具，工具结构简单，能够应用于硬 地层钻井，该钻具适于安装于钻具组合的近钻头的位置，能够直接安装于钻头之上，在工作过程中，不需要消耗水力，无需抑制钻压或转速，就可以实现吸收有害轴向震动，起到保护钻具的效果，同时，通过冲锤体8将震动转化为扭转冲击力，消除粘滑效应的不利影响，起到减震、防粘滑的效果，能够实现延长钻头使用寿命，并提高机械钻速的目的，使用该钻井减震激扭钻具，有利于改善井眼质量，起到保障钻井作业安全的作用。
本申请实施例中，参照图1所示，该弹性件5可以是碟簧，该碟簧环绕上述中心轴组件。在中心轴组件向上或向下运动时，碟簧发生弹性形变，能够吸收向上或向下的轴向震动，抑制了震动冲击力的进一步传递，减小了震动对钻具的影响。
在一个具体实施例中，可以是，参照图1和图3所示，所述中心轴组件包括固定连接的第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7；
所述第一中心轴1和所述第二中心轴7的内部设置有贯通的流体通道17；
所述第一中心轴1设置有所述外花键101；
所述第二中心轴7设置有所述螺旋棱701；
所述第一中心轴1的下部外径小于所第二中心轴7的上部外径，以形成所述第三台阶面702。
本申请实施例中，参照图1所示，该第一中心轴1的下部设置有公螺纹，该第二中心轴7的上部设置有母螺纹，该第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7螺纹连接固定。
在一可选的实施例中，所述第一中心轴1的下端设置的公螺纹为锥形外螺纹，所述第二中心轴7的上端设置的母螺纹为锥形内螺纹，为了保证该第一中心轴1的钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：紧定销14，该紧定销14配合固定所述锥形内螺纹与锥形外螺纹。
参照图1所示，该第一中心轴1的所述第一中心轴1的上端设置有螺纹连接部，用于连接上部钻具。
在一个具体实施例中，参照图1所示，该第一中心轴1的上端设置的螺纹连接部的扣型螺纹为锥形螺纹，锥形螺纹下端为半径由上至下逐渐缩小的锥形结构，锥形结构的下端为半径一定的通孔，形成连通第二中心轴7的流体通道17。
本申请实施例中，为了便于在第一中心轴1的上部设置该螺纹连接部的扣型螺纹，以及在该第一中心轴1的中部设置上述的外花键101，该第一中心轴1的1上部设置由上至下外径变小的两个台阶面，增大第一中心轴1的上部的外径，从而便于螺纹连接部的扣型螺纹的制作，而减小第一中心轴1的中部和下部的外径，则便于在第一中心轴1的中部设置上述的外花键101，使第一中心轴1能够传递扭矩。
本申请实施例中，第二中心轴7上设置有一个台阶部，使得第二中心轴7的上部外径大于下部外径，且该第二中心轴7为空心轴，该空心轴上部设置母螺纹以连接第一中心轴1，其下部为半径一定的通孔，以形成连通第一中心轴1的流体通道17。
本申请实施例中，该第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7的通孔的直径可以是相同的。
本申请实施例中，参照图6A和图6B所示，该第二中心轴7的下部设置有多组上述的螺旋棱701，以与该冲锤体8相配合。
在一个具体实施例中，可以是，参照图1-图3所示，所述壳体组件包括连接的第一壳体2和第二壳体6；
所述第一壳体2的下部内径小于所述第二壳体6的上部内径，以形成所述第一台阶面202；
所述第二壳体6的中部设置有第一凸台604，所述第一凸台604的上端面形成所述第二台阶面603。
本申请实施例中，该第一壳体2下部设置公螺纹，该第二壳体6上部设置母螺纹，该第一壳体2和第二壳体6螺纹连接固定。具体的，可以是，该第一壳体2下部的公螺纹和该第二壳体6上部的母螺纹均为锥形螺纹。
参照图1和图2所示，该第一壳体2上端为圆环结构，在该第一壳体2的内设置上述的内花键201，该内花键201与该第一中心轴1的中部的外花键101结构尺寸相配合，以实现在第一中心轴1转动时，通过花键配合传递扭矩。
本申请实施例中，上述第一壳体2的内花键201以及第一中心轴1的外花键101的具体结构并不限于上述实施例中所描述的实现结构，外花键101和内花键201的具体结构形式可以参照相关技术的详细描述，在此，本申请实施例中可以不作具体限定。
在一可选的实施例中，参照图1所示，该钻井减震激扭钻具中，所述护套3贴合第二壳体6，且所述护套3的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接所述第一台阶面202和所述弹性件5的上端面。
在一可选的实施例中，参照图1所示，该钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：防掉块4；
所述第一中心轴1设置所述外花键101的部分区域设置有防掉块容纳槽(图中未标示)，所述防掉块4设置于所述防掉块容纳槽内，且所述防掉块4与所述护套3相接触。
本申请实施例中，为了便于安装，上述的防掉块4可以是由两个对称的半圆环结构组成的。当然，防掉块4并不限于上述两个对称的半圆环结构，也可为其它合适的实现结构。
本发明实施例中，参照图1所示，该防掉块4的外侧壁接触上述 护套3，通过设置该防掉块4，在该第一中心轴1受力沿轴向运动时，可以实现对第一中心轴1的运动行程进行限位，由于该护套3底部抵接该弹性件5，当该第一中心轴1向下运动时，防掉块4的下部接触到该护套3底部即受到弹性件5的阻挡，从而防止第一中心轴1从壳体组件中向下继续掉落，而在该第一中心轴1向上运动时，该防掉块4的上部接触该第一壳体2的底部，即受到第一壳体2的阻挡，从而不会再继续向上运动。
本申请实施例中，参照图1所示，该第一壳体2、第二壳体6与该第一中心轴1之间形成环形空隙(图中未标示)，该护套3、防掉块4和弹性件5均设置于该环形空隙。参照图1所示，为了保证该环形空隙的密封效果，该第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7之间还设置有密封圈15，通过该密封圈15使得第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7的密封效果更好，防止该环形空隙与该第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7内的流体通道17连通。
在一个具体实施例中，参照图1所示，该第一中心轴1与该第一壳体2之间还设置有第一动密封件12，以实现该环形空隙的密封。该第一动密封件12的具体实现方式，可以参照相关技术中的详细介绍，在此，不作具体限定。
本申请实施例中，为了便于向该环形空隙注油，钻井减震激扭钻具还包括注油塞体13，该第一壳体2的上部还设置有注油孔，所述注油塞体13固定于所述注油孔。当需要注油时，取下该注油塞体13，通过该注油孔向该环形空隙内注油，并在注油完成后，通过将该注油塞体13固定于该注油孔。
在一可选的实施例中，该钻井减震激扭钻具中，参照图1和图4所示，所述壳体组件还包括与所述第二壳体6连接的第三壳体10；所述第二壳体6的下部还设置有台阶部605，且所述第三壳体10的上部内径小于所述第二壳体6的下部内径，以形成所述环形凹槽601。
本申请实施例中，该第二壳体6下部设置母螺纹，该第三壳体10上部设置公螺纹，该第二壳体6和第三壳体10螺纹连接固定。具体的，可以是，该第二壳体6下部的母螺纹和该第三壳体10上部的公螺纹均为锥形螺纹。
本申请实施例中，为了实现第三壳体10与第二中心轴7之间的动密封，该第三壳体10的形状为上部内径大、下部内径小的结构。进一步的，为了保证第三壳体10与第二中心轴7之间的密封效果，该第三壳体10与第二中心轴7之间还设置有第二动密封件16。该第二动密封件16的具体实现方式，可以参照相关技术中的详细介绍，在此，不作具体限定。
参照图1和图6A所示，该第二壳体6内设置有一组上述的环形 凹槽601，该冲锤体8设置于该环形凹槽601内。在第一壳体2和第二壳体6相对于第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7进行轴向运动时，该第二壳体6带动冲锤体8运动，由于该第二中心轴7上设置有多组螺旋棱701，在螺旋棱701的驱动下，冲锤体8在所述环形凹槽601内周向旋转，当第一壳体2和第二壳体6相对于第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7进行轴向运动的距离达到预设距离时，该冲锤体8的第一凸起部802就会敲击所述第二凸起部602。
在一些其他实施例中，参照图6B所示，该第二壳体6内的环形凹槽601内设置有两组对称布置的第二凸起部602，对应的该冲锤体对称设置有两组第一凸起部802，在第一壳体2和第二壳体6相对于第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7进行轴向运动时，该冲锤体8在螺旋棱701的驱动下，冲锤体8在所述环形凹槽601内周向旋转，当第一壳体2和第二壳体6相对于第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7进行轴向运动的距离达到预设距离时，该冲锤体8的两组第一凸起部802就会分别敲击对称布置的两组所述第二凸起部602，使得第二壳体沿同一周向承受扭转冲击力，更好的将扭转冲击力向下传递到下部钻具，从而有效缓解钻头钻井时的粘滑效应。
本申请实施例中，为了减小该冲锤体8在周向旋转时的阻力，该冲锤体8的上端面和下端面可以进行镀铬处理。
在一可选的实施例中，参照图1所示，该钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：限位环9；
所述限位环9设置于所述环形凹槽601内，且所述限位环9的上端面和下端面分别接触所述冲锤体8和所述第二壳体6的上端面。
在该冲锤体8设置于上述环形凹槽601内时，通过该限位环9限制该环形凹槽601内的槽位，限制冲锤体8在环形凹槽601内上下移动的幅度，还可以使得冲锤体8的周向旋转更顺畅。
在一可选的实施例中，参照图1所示，该钻井减震激扭钻具，还包括：与所述第三壳体10固定连接的下接头11；
所述下接头11用于连接下部钻具所述下接头11的内径大于所述第二中心轴7的外径。
本申请实施例中，参照图1所示，该第二中心轴7至少部分伸入该下接头11内。通过该下接头11可以实现该钻井减震激扭钻具连接下部钻具。该下部钻具包括钻头，可以通过调整下接头11的扣型，实现将该钻井减震激扭钻具直接安装于钻头之上。由于该下接头11的内径大于该第二中心轴7的外径，因此，在第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7进行轴向运动时，该第二中心轴7不会与该下接头11产生摩擦，使得第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7的活动更顺畅。
本申请实施例提供的钻井减震激扭钻具在连接到钻具中，进行钻 井作业时，可以连接于上部钻具和下部钻具之间，其中，上部钻具可以包括钻杆、加重钻杆、钻铤、无磁钻铤中的至少一种，该下部钻具可以包括钻头。该钻井减震激扭钻具与上部钻具和下部钻具可以通过常规技术中的连接结构进行连接，例如，可以是，该钻井减震激扭钻具的第一中心轴1上部的螺纹连接部通过螺杆连接上部钻具，而其连接头下部通过双头螺母连接下部钻具(例如，钻头)。为了对本申请实施例提供的钻井减震激扭钻具的工作过程做出更清楚的说明，下面以图1所示的钻井减震激扭钻具为例，对其连接到钻具中的工作过程做出详细描述如下：
在正常钻进过程中，该钻井减震激扭钻具连接的上部钻具向该钻井减震激扭钻具施加钻压，其上部钻压传递至第一中心轴1，从而带动第一中心轴1的外花键101底端向下挤压弹性件5，弹性件5承受挤压力后，将钻压传递给第二壳体6的第一凸台604的上端面形成的第二台阶面603，并吸收极小一部分钻压。第二壳体6受到弹性件5传递的钻压，并进一步将钻压通过第三壳体10、下接头11传递给钻头。此时，由于第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7相对于第一壳体2、第二壳体6、第三壳体10和下接头11的轴向运动距离较小，设置于该第二壳体6的环形凹槽601的冲锤体8在第二中心轴7的螺旋棱701的作用下，周向旋转的角度很小，第一凸起部802与第二凸起部602之间具有间距，该第一凸起部802不会敲击第二凸起部602；同时，该钻井减震激扭钻具的上部钻具将扭矩传递至第一中心轴1，第一中心轴1中部的外花键101将扭矩通过第一壳体2的内花键201结构传递给第一壳体2，第一壳体2通过第二壳体6、第三壳体10、下接头11将扭矩传递至钻头；此外，经由上部钻具通入的钻井液进入钻井减震激扭钻具后，通过第一中心轴1、第二中心轴7以及下接头11的流体通道17进入钻头。这样，在钻井过程中，该钻井减震激扭钻具实现钻压、扭矩的传递，并保证了钻井液循环的连续性，钻井减震激扭钻具的结构不影响钻井作业的顺利进行。
在硬地层钻井过程中，钻头破岩发生剧烈震动，震动经钻头传递至该钻井减震激扭钻具，其内部的第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7相对于外部的第一壳体2、第二壳体6、第三壳体10及下接头11产生轴向移动，进而驱动冲锤体8在所述环形凹槽601内周向旋转，冲锤体8的第一凸起部802敲击环形凹槽601内的第二凸起部602的情况下，对第二壳体6产生冲击，经由第三壳体10和下接头11将产生的扭转冲击力传递到下部的钻头，从而有效缓解钻头破岩时的粘滑效应。由于在钻头发生向上震动和向下震动时，第一中心轴1和第二中心轴7相对于第一壳体2、第二壳体6、第三壳体10及下接头11产生轴向移动的方向不同，该冲锤体8的周向旋转的方向不同，下面分别以钻 头发生向上震动和向下震动的过程进行详细描述：
当发生向上震动时，与钻头连接的下接头11带动第一壳体2、第二壳体6和第三壳体10向上震动，第二壳体6中部的第一凸台604上端面形成的第二台阶面603向上挤弹性件5下端面，此时，第一中心轴1承受上部钻具钻压，第一中心轴1中部的外花键101的底端向下挤压弹性件5上端面。这样，弹性件5在上部钻压和下部向上震动冲击力的作用下压缩，并吸收下部瞬时震动冲击力。由于弹性件5吸收了较大部分向上震动冲击力，抑制了震动冲击力的进一步向上传递，减小了震动对上部钻具的影响；同时，由于钻头产生的震动冲击力在弹性件5处得到消减，钻头受到的震动冲击得到减弱。正常钻进，钻头不发生明显震动时，由于上部钻压作用，弹性件5处于一定压缩状态，因此，在发生向上震动的瞬时，第一壳体2、第二壳体6和第三壳体10相对第一中心轴1之间瞬间产生向上移动，冲锤体8受下部限位环9作用瞬时向上运动，同时，冲锤体8内侧螺旋凹槽801受第二中心轴7的多组螺旋棱701驱动，在周向上瞬间旋转一定角度，直至冲锤体8的第一凸起部802敲击环形凹槽601的第二凸起部602，对第二壳体6产生冲击，该经由第三壳体10和下接头11将产生的扭转冲击力传递到下部的钻头，从而有效缓解钻头钻井时的粘滑效应。
当发生向下震动时，与钻头连接的下接头11带动第一壳体2、第二壳体6和第三壳体10向下震动，第一壳体2下端面带动护套3向下挤压弹性件5上端面，弹性件5下端面受第二中心轴7限位作用，产生压缩。这样，弹性件5在向下震动冲击力和限位作用下压缩，并吸收下部瞬时震动冲击力。由于弹性件5吸收了较大部分向下震动冲击力，抑制了震动冲击力的进一步向上传递，减小了震动对上部钻具的影响；同时，由于钻头产生的震动冲击力在弹性件5处得到消减，钻头受到的震动冲击得到减弱。由于在正常钻进，钻头不发生明显震动时，由于上部钻压作用，弹性件5处于一定压缩状态，因此，在发生向下震动的瞬时，第一壳体2、第二壳体6和第三壳体10相对第一中心轴1之间瞬间产生向下移动，冲锤体8上部受环形凹槽601的作用瞬时向下运动，同时，冲锤体8内侧螺旋凹槽801受第二中心轴7的多组螺旋棱701驱动，在周向上瞬间旋转一定角度，直至冲锤体8的第一凸起部802敲击环形凹槽601的第二凸起部602，对第二壳体6产生冲击，该经由第三壳体10和下接头11将产生的扭转冲击力传递到下部的钻头，从而有效缓解钻头钻井时的粘滑效应。
实施例二
基于同一发明构思，本申请实施例还提供一种钻具组件，包括上部钻具、下部钻具和上述实施例一中所描述的钻井减震激扭钻具；
所述钻井减震激扭钻具分别连接上部钻具和下部钻具。
其中，上部钻具可以包括钻杆、加重钻杆、钻铤、无磁钻铤中的至少一种，该下部钻具可以包括钻头。
在一具体实施例中，该上部钻具包括钻杆、加重钻杆、钻铤、无磁钻铤，该下部钻具包括钻头，则该钻杆、加重钻杆、钻铤、无磁钻铤依次连接之后，该钻井减震激扭钻具的第一中心轴1上部的螺纹连接部通过螺杆连接无磁钻铤，而其连接头下部通过双头螺母连接钻头。
本申请实施例中，上述的钻井减震激扭钻具的具体实现方式可以参照上述实施例1中的详细描述，上述的上部钻具和和下部钻具的具体实现方式可以参照相关技术中的相应描述，该钻具组件的具体工作过程可以参照上述实施例中关于钻井减震激扭钻具的详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
实施例三
基于同一发明构思，本申请实施例还提供一种上述实施例一种所描述的钻井减震激扭钻具在钻井中的应用。
本申请实施例中，关于钻井减震激扭钻具的具体实现方式已经在上述实施例一中进行了详细描述，其具体结构和实现过程可以参照上述实施例一中的相关描述，在此，不再赘述。
上文的描述包括一个或多个实施例的举例。当然，为了描述上述实施例而描述部件或方法的所有可能的结合是不可能的，但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，各个实施例可以做进一步的组合和排列。因此，本文中描述的实施例旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求书的保护范围内的所有这样的改变、修改和变型。此外，就说明书或权利要求书中使用的术语“包含”，该词的涵盖方式类似于术语“包括”，就如同“包括”在权利要求中用作衔接词所解释的那样。此外，使用在权利要求书的说明书中的任何一个术语“或者”是要表示“非排它性的或者”。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，包括：壳体组件、中心轴组件、护套、弹性件和冲锤体；
    所述中心轴组件与所述壳体组件动密封配合，且所述中心轴组件设置有外花键，所述壳体组件对应设置有内花键，所述内花键与所述外花键相配合；
    所述弹性件环绕所述中心轴组件，所述壳体组件设置有第一台阶面和第二台阶面，所述中心轴组件设置有第三台阶面；
    所述护套贴合所述壳体组件，且所述护套的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接所述第一台阶面和所述弹性件的上端面；
    所述弹性件的上端面能够抵接所述外花键的下端面，所述弹性件的下端面能够抵接所述第二台阶面和所述第三台阶面；
    所述中心轴组件设置有螺旋棱，所述冲锤体为环形结构，所述冲锤体设置有与所述螺旋棱相对应的螺旋凹槽，所述冲锤体设置有第一凸起部，所述壳体组件包括环形凹槽，所述冲锤体置于所述环形凹槽内，所述环形凹槽设置有第二凸起部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，所述中心轴组件包括固定连接的第一中心轴和第二中心轴；
    所述第一中心轴和所述第二中心轴的内部设置有贯通的流体通道；
    所述第一中心轴设置有所述外花键；
    所述第二中心轴设置有所述螺旋棱；
    所述第一中心轴的下部外径小于所第二中心轴的上部外径，以形成所述第三台阶面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，所述壳体组件包括连接的第一壳体和第二壳体；
    所述第一壳体的下部内径小于所述第二壳体的上部内径，以形成所述第一台阶面；
    所述第二壳体的中部设置有第一凸台，所述第一凸台的上端面形成所述第二台阶面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，所述护套贴合第二壳体，且所述护套的上端面和下端面分别能够抵接所述第一台阶面和所述弹性件的上端面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，还包括：防掉块；
    所述第一中心轴设置所述外花键的部分区域设置有防掉块容纳槽，所述防掉块设置于所述防掉块容纳槽内，且所述防掉块与所述护套相接触。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，所述壳体组件还包括与所述第二壳体连接的第三壳体；所述第二壳体的下部还设置有台阶部，且所述第三壳体的上部内径小于所述第二壳体的下部内径，以形成所述环形凹槽。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，还包括：限位环；
    所述限位环设置于所述环形凹槽内，且所述限位环的上端面和下端面分别接触所述冲锤体和所述第三壳体的上端面。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，还包括：与所述第三壳体固定连接的下接头；
    所述下接头用于连接下部钻具所述下接头的内径大于所述第二中心轴的外径。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，还包括：第一动密封件和第二动密封件；
    所述第一动密封件设置于所述第一壳体与所述第一中心轴之间；
    所述第二动密封件设置于所述第三壳体与所述第二中心轴之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的钻井减震激扭钻具，其特征在于，所述冲锤体的上端面和下端面为镀铬处理面。
PCT/CN2023/118447 2022-09-15 2023-09-13 一种钻井减震激扭钻具 WO2024055975A1 (zh)

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