WO2024054686A1 - Procédés et dispositifs pour filtration à boucle adaptatif - Google Patents

Procédés et dispositifs pour filtration à boucle adaptatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024054686A1
WO2024054686A1 PCT/US2023/032439 US2023032439W WO2024054686A1 WO 2024054686 A1 WO2024054686 A1 WO 2024054686A1 US 2023032439 W US2023032439 W US 2023032439W WO 2024054686 A1 WO2024054686 A1 WO 2024054686A1
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Prior art keywords
sample
feature
decoder
encoder
alf
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PCT/US2023/032439
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English (en)
Inventor
Changyue MA
Xiaoyu XIU
Che-Wei Kuo
Wei Chen
Hong-Jheng Jhu
Ning Yan
Xianglin Wang
Bing Yu
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Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2024054686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024054686A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/117—Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/132—Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H04N19/14—Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/182—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a pixel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
    • H04N19/82—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop

Definitions

  • Digital video is supported by a variety of electronic devices, such as digital televisions, laptop or desktop computers, tablet computers, digital cameras, digital recording devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, smart phones, video teleconferencing devices, video streaming devices, etc.
  • the electronic devices transmit and receive or otherwise communicate digital video data across a communication network, and/or store the digital video data on a storage device. Due to a limited bandwidth capacity of the communication network and limited memory resources of the storage device, video coding may be used to compress the video data according to one or more video coding standards before it is communicated or stored.
  • video coding standards include Versatile Video Coding (VVC), Joint Exploration test Model (JEM), High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265), Advanced Video Coding (AVC/H.264), Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) coding, or the like.
  • Video coding generally utilizes prediction methods (e.g., inter-prediction, intra-prediction, or the like) that take advantage of redundancy inherent in the video data.
  • Video coding aims to compress video data into a form that uses a lower bit rate, while avoiding or minimizing degradations to video quality.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for techniques relating to adaptive loop filtering.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video decoding comprising obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of: (i) a prediction sample, (ii) a residual sample, or (iii) a reconstructed sample, wherein the reconstructed sample is sampled prior to a sample adaptive offset (SAO) filtering; and obtaining, by the decoder, a filtered sample, based on the one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.
  • SAO sample adaptive offset
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video encoding comprising: obtaining, by an encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of: (i) a prediction sample, (ii) a residual sample, or (iii) a reconstructed sample, wherein the reconstructed sample is sampled prior to the SAO filtering; and obtaining, by the encoder, a filtered sample, based on one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video decoding comprising: obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample; and deriving, by the decoder, an adaptive loop filter (ALF) classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before a deblocking filter.
  • ALF adaptive loop filter
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video encoding comprising: obtaining, by an encoder, a reconstructed video frame comprising a plurality of pixels; and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing pixel values before a deblocking filter.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video decoding comprising: obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a prediction sample; and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the prediction sample.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video encoding comprising: obtaining, by a encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a prediction sample; and deriving, Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the prediction sample.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video decoding comprising: obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a residual sample; and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the residual sample.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video encoding comprising: obtaining, by an encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a residual sample; and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the residual sample.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video decoding comprising: obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before the SAO process.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video encoding comprising: obtaining, by a encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before the SAO process.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video decoding comprising: obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a chroma sample; and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the chroma sample.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for video encoding comprising: obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from the chroma sample; and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the chroma sample.
  • Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 [0016]
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system for encoding and decoding video blocks in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video encoder in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoder in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS.4A through 4E are block diagrams illustrating how a frame is recursively partitioned into multiple video blocks of different sizes and shapes in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of ALF filter shapes in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.6 is a depiction of subsampled sample gradients in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of a geometric transformation of a diamond filter shape in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.8 is an illustration of an online filter shape used in an ECM in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.9 is an illustration of a filter shape for a prediction signal or before a SAO signal in accordance with examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.10 is an illustration of an adjusted ALF filter shape in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure. Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure. [0031] FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure. [0036] FIG.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a computing environment coupled with a user interface, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • a filtered sample value ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) at coordinates (x, y) is derived by applying coefficient ⁇ ⁇ to the reconstructed sample values R(x, y) as follows: ⁇ ⁇ 7 samples corresponding to ⁇ -th coefficient ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Luma Sub-Block Level Filter Adaptation [0050] In VVC, sub-block level filter adaption is only applied to luma component. Each 4 ⁇ 4 luma block is classified based on its directionality and 2D Laplacian activity.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇
  • , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇
  • , ⁇ 0 ⁇ , ⁇
  • , ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇
  • Step 2 If ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ > ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the 3, otherwise in Step 4.
  • Step 3 If ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ > ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , D is set to 2, otherwise D is set to 1.
  • Step 4 If ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ > ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , D is set to 4, otherwise D is set to 3.
  • a geometric transformation such as 90-degree rotation, diagonal or vertical flip
  • Fig.7 illustrating a geometric transformation of a 7x7 diamond filter shape. From left to right: diagonal flip, vertical flip, and 90-degree rotation), depending on the sub-block gradient value as specified in Table 1.
  • Sub-block gradient values Transformation g Coding Tree Block Level Filter Adaptation [0059]
  • ALF supports CTB-level filter adaptation.
  • a luma CTB can use a filter set calculated for the current slice or one of the filter sets calculated for the already coded slices. It can also use one of the 16 offline trained filter sets.
  • each luma CTB which filter from the chosen filter set should be applied to each 4 ⁇ 4 block, is determined by the class C calculated in equation (12) for this block.
  • Chroma uses only CTB-level filter adaptation. Up to 8 filters can be used for chroma components in a slice. Each CTB can select one of these filters.
  • An ALF APS can include up to 8 chroma filters and one luma filter set with up to 25 filters.
  • An index ⁇ ⁇ is also included for each of the 25 luma classes. Classes having the same index ⁇ ⁇ share the same filter.
  • Filter control syntax elements include two types of information. First, ALF on/off flags are signaled at sequence, picture, slice and CTB levels.
  • Chroma ALF can be enabled at picture and slice level only if luma ALF is enabled at the corresponding level.
  • filter usage information is signaled at picture, slice and CTB level, if ALF is enabled at that level.
  • Referenced ALF APSs IDs are coded at a slice level or at a picture level if all the slices within the picture use the same APSs.
  • Luma component can reference up to 7 ALF APSs and chroma components can reference 1 ALF APS.
  • an index is signaled indicating which ALF APS or offline trained luma filter set is used.
  • the index indicates which filter in the referenced APS is used.
  • VVC employs line buffer boundary processing.
  • line buffer boundaries are placed 4 luma samples and 2 chroma samples above horizontal CTU boundaries.
  • ALF in ECM ALF simplification removal [0063] ALF gradient subsampling and ALF virtual boundary processing are removed. Block size for classification is reduced from 4x4 to 2x2. Filter size for both luma and chroma, for which ALF coefficients are signalled, is increased to 9x9.
  • the filter shape of ⁇ ⁇ is presented in Fig.8.
  • values of the horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal gradients are calculated for each sample using 1-D Laplacian.
  • the sum of the sample gradients within a 4 ⁇ 4 window that covers the target 2 ⁇ 2 block is used for classifier ⁇ ⁇ and the sum of sample gradients within a 12 ⁇ 12 window is used for classifiers ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the sums of horizontal, vertical and two diagonal gradients are denoted, respectively, as ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the directionality ⁇ ⁇ is determined by comparing: ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) ) Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 [0069] with a set of thresholds.
  • the directionality ⁇ ⁇ is derived as in VVC using thresholds 2 and 4.5.
  • horizontal/vertical edge strength ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and diagonal edge strength ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ are c alculated first.
  • Thresholds Th [1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4.5, 8] are used.
  • Edge strength ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is 0 if ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ T h[0]; otherwise, ⁇ is the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ maximum integer such that ⁇ , ⁇ >Th[ ⁇ -1].
  • Edge strength ⁇ is 0 if ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ Th[0]; otherwise, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is the maximum integer such that ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ >Th[ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -1].
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ > ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ i.e., horizontal/vertical edges are dominant, the ⁇ ⁇ is derived by using Table 2 (a); otherwise, diagonal edges are dominant, the ⁇ ⁇ is derived using Table 2.
  • each set may Alternative 2x2 ALF classifier
  • Classification in ALF is extended with an additional alternative classifier. For a signaled luma filter set, a flag is signaled to indicate whether the alternative classifier is applied. Geometrical transformation is not applied to the alternative band classifier.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system 10 for encoding and decoding video blocks in parallel in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • the system 10 includes a source device 12 that generates and encodes video data to be decoded at a later time by a destination device 14.
  • the source device 12 and the destination device 14 may comprise any of a wide variety of electronic devices, including desktop or laptop computers, tablet computers, smart phones, set-top boxes, digital televisions, cameras, display devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, video streaming device, or the like.
  • the source device 12 and the destination device 14 are equipped with wireless communication capabilities.
  • the destination device 14 may receive the encoded video data to be decoded via a link 16.
  • the link 16 may comprise any type of communication medium or device capable of moving the encoded video data from the source device 12 to the destination device 14.
  • the link 16 may comprise a communication medium to enable the source device 12 to transmit the encoded video data directly to the destination device 14 in real time.
  • the encoded video data may be modulated according to a communication standard, such as a wireless communication protocol, and transmitted to the destination device 14.
  • the communication medium may comprise any wireless or wired communication medium, such as a Radio Frequency Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 (RF) spectrum or one or more physical transmission lines.
  • the communication medium may form part of a packet-based network, such as a local area network, a wide-area network, or a global network such as the Internet.
  • the communication medium may include routers, switches, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communication from the source device 12 to the destination device 14.
  • the encoded video data may be transmitted from an output interface 22 to a storage device 32. Subsequently, the encoded video data in the storage device 32 may be accessed by the destination device 14 via an input interface 28.
  • the storage device 32 may include any of a variety of distributed or locally accessed data storage media such as a hard drive, Blu-ray discs, Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs), Compact Disc Read-Only Memories (CD-ROMs), flash memory, volatile or non-volatile memory, or any other suitable digital storage media for storing the encoded video data.
  • the storage device 32 may correspond to a file server or another intermediate storage device that may hold the encoded video data generated by the source device 12.
  • the destination device 14 may access the stored video data from the storage device 32 via streaming or downloading.
  • the file server may be any type of computer capable of storing the encoded video data and transmitting the encoded video data to the destination device 14.
  • Exemplary file servers include a web server (e.g., for a website), a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices, or a local disk drive.
  • the destination device 14 may access the encoded video data through any standard data connection, including a wireless channel (e.g., a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) connection), a wired connection (e.g., Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable modem, etc.), or a combination of both that is suitable for accessing encoded video data stored on a file server.
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • DSL Digital Subscriber Line
  • cable modem etc.
  • the transmission of the encoded video data from the storage device 32 may be a streaming transmission, a download transmission, or a combination of both.
  • the source device 12 includes a video source 18, a video encoder 20 and the output interface 22.
  • the video source 18 may include a source such as a video capturing device, e.g., a video camera, a video archive containing previously captured video, a video feeding interface to receive video from a video content provider, and/or a computer graphics system for generating computer graphics data as the source video, or a combination of such sources.
  • a video capturing device e.g., a video camera, a video archive containing previously captured video
  • a video feeding interface to receive video from a video content provider
  • a computer graphics system for generating computer graphics data as the source video, or a combination of such sources.
  • the source device 12 and the destination device 14 may form camera phones or video phones.
  • the captured, pre-captured, or computer-generated video may be encoded by the video encoder 20.
  • the encoded video data may be transmitted directly to the destination device 14 via the output interface 22 of the source device 12.
  • the encoded video data may also (or alternatively) be stored onto the storage device 32 for later access by the destination device 14 or other devices, for decoding and/or playback.
  • the output interface 22 may further include a modem and/or a transmitter.
  • the destination device 14 includes the input interface 28, a video decoder 30, and a display device 34.
  • the input interface 28 may include a receiver and/or a modem and receive the encoded video data over the link 16.
  • the encoded video data communicated over the link 16, or provided on the storage device 32 may include a variety of syntax elements generated by the video encoder 20 for use by the video decoder 30 in decoding the video data. Such syntax elements may be included within the encoded video data transmitted on a communication medium, stored on a storage medium, or stored on a file server.
  • the destination device 14 may include the display device 34, which can be an integrated display device and an external display device that is configured to communicate with the destination device 14.
  • the display device 34 displays the decoded video data to a user, and may comprise any of a variety of display devices such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a plasma display, an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, or another type of display device.
  • the video encoder 20 and the video decoder 30 may operate according to proprietary or industry standards, such as VVC, HEVC, MPEG-4, Part 10, AVC, or extensions of such standards. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to a specific video encoding/decoding standard and may be applicable to other video encoding/decoding standards. It is generally contemplated that the video encoder 20 of the source device 12 may be configured to encode video data according to any of these current or future standards.
  • the video decoder 30 of the destination device 14 may be configured to decode video data according to any of these current or future standards.
  • the video encoder 20 and the video decoder 30 each may be implemented as any of a variety of suitable encoder and/or decoder circuitry, such as one or more microprocessors, Digital Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware or any combinations thereof.
  • DSPs Digital Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 Signal Processors
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • an electronic device may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable medium and execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the video encoding/decoding operations disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • Each of the video encoder 20 and the video decoder 30 may be included in one or more encoders or decoders, either of which may be integrated as part of a combined encoder/decoder (CODEC) in a respective device.
  • CODEC combined encoder/decoder
  • At least a part of components of the source device 12 may operate in a cloud computing service network which may provide software, platforms, and/or infrastructure, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
  • SaaS Software as a Service
  • PaaS Platform as a Service
  • IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
  • one or more components in the source device 12 and/or the destination device 14 which are not included in the cloud computing service network may be provided in one or more client devices, and the one or more client devices may communicate with server computers in the cloud computing service network through a wireless communication network (for example, a cellular communication network, a short-range wireless communication network, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication network) or a wired communication network (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication network or a power line communication (PLC) network).
  • a wireless communication network for example, a cellular communication network, a short-range wireless communication network, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication network
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • wired communication network e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication network or a power line communication (PLC) network.
  • LAN local area network
  • PLC power line communication
  • At least a part of operations described herein may be implemented as cloud-based services provided by one or more server computers which are implemented by the at least a part of the components of the source device 12 and/or the at least a part of the components of the destination device 14 in the cloud computing service network; and one or more other operations described herein may be implemented by the one or more client devices.
  • the cloud computing service network may be a private cloud, a public cloud, or a hybrid cloud.
  • the terms such as “cloud,” “cloud computing,” “cloud-based” etc. herein may be used interchangeably as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to being implemented in the cloud computing service network described above.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video encoder 20 in accordance with some implementations described in the present application.
  • the video encoder 20 may perform intra and inter predictive coding of video blocks within video frames. Intra predictive coding relies on spatial prediction to reduce or remove spatial redundancy in video data within a given video frame or picture. Inter predictive coding relies on temporal prediction to reduce or remove temporal redundancy in video data within adjacent video frames or pictures of a video sequence. It should be noted that the term “frame” may be used as synonyms for the term “image” or “picture” in the field of video coding.
  • the video encoder 20 includes a video data memory 40, a prediction processing unit 41, a Decoded Picture Buffer (DPB) 64, a summer 50, a transform processing unit 52, a quantization unit 54, and an entropy encoding unit 56.
  • the prediction processing unit 41 further includes a motion estimation unit 42, a motion compensation unit 44, a partition unit 45, an intra prediction processing unit 46, and an intra Block Copy (BC) unit 48.
  • the video encoder 20 also includes an inverse quantization unit 58, an inverse transform processing unit 60, and a summer 62 for video block reconstruction.
  • An in-loop filter 63 such as a deblocking filter, may be positioned between the summer 62 and the DPB 64 to filter block boundaries to remove blockiness artifacts from reconstructed video.
  • Another in-loop filter such as Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) filter and/or Adaptive in-Loop Filter (ALF), may also be used in addition to the deblocking filter to filter an output of the summer 62.
  • SAO Sample Adaptive Offset
  • ALF Adaptive in-Loop Filter
  • the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and instead, the application may be applied to a situation where an offset is selected for any of a luma component, a Cb chroma component and a Cr chroma component according to any other of the luma component, the Cb chroma component and the Cr chroma component to modify said any component based on the selected offset.
  • a first component mentioned herein may be any of the luma component, the Cb chroma component and the Cr chroma component
  • a second component mentioned herein may be any other of the luma component, the Cb chroma component and the Cr chroma component
  • a third component Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 mentioned herein may be a remaining one of the luma component, the Cb chroma component and the Cr chroma component.
  • the in-loop filters may be omitted, and the decoded video block may be directly provided by the summer 62 to the DPB 64.
  • the video encoder 20 may take the form of a fixed or programmable hardware unit or may be divided among one or more of the illustrated fixed or programmable hardware units.
  • the video data memory 40 may store video data to be encoded by the components of the video encoder 20.
  • the video data in the video data memory 40 may be obtained, for example, from the video source 18 as shown in FIG.1.
  • the DPB 64 is a buffer that stores reference video data (for example, reference frames or pictures) for use in encoding video data by the video encoder 20 (e.g., in intra or inter predictive coding modes).
  • the video data memory 40 and the DPB 64 may be formed by any of a variety of memory devices.
  • the video data memory 40 may be on-chip with other components of the video encoder 20, or off-chip relative to those components.
  • the partition unit 45 within the prediction processing unit 41 partitions the video data into video blocks.
  • This partitioning may also include partitioning a video frame into slices, tiles (for example, sets of video blocks), or other larger Coding Units (CUs) according to predefined splitting structures such as a Quad-Tree (QT) structure associated with the video data.
  • the video frame is or may be regarded as a two- dimensional array or matrix of samples with sample values. A sample in the array may also be referred to as a pixel or a pel.
  • a number of samples in horizontal and vertical directions (or axes) of the array or picture define a size and/or a resolution of the video frame.
  • the video frame may be divided into multiple video blocks by, for example, using QT partitioning.
  • the video block again is or may be regarded as a two-dimensional array or matrix of samples with sample values, although of smaller dimension than the video frame.
  • a number of samples in horizontal and vertical directions (or axes) of the video block define a size of the video block.
  • the video block may further be partitioned into one or more block partitions or sub-blocks (which may form again blocks) by, for example, iteratively using QT partitioning, Binary-Tree (BT) partitioning or Triple- Tree (TT) partitioning or any combination thereof.
  • BT Binary-Tree
  • TT Triple- Tree
  • block or video block may be a portion, in particular a rectangular (square or non- square) portion, of a frame or a picture.
  • the block or video block may be or correspond to a Coding Tree Unit (CTU), a CU, a Prediction Unit (PU) or Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 a Transform Unit (TU) and/or may be or correspond to a corresponding block, e.g. a Coding Tree Block (CTB), a Coding Block (CB), a Prediction Block (PB) or a Transform Block (TB) and/or to a sub-block.
  • CTB Coding Tree Block
  • PB Prediction Block
  • TB Transform Block
  • the prediction processing unit 41 may select one of a plurality of possible predictive coding modes, such as one of a plurality of intra predictive coding modes or one of a plurality of inter predictive coding modes, for the current video block based on error results (e.g., coding rate and the level of distortion).
  • the prediction processing unit 41 may provide the resulting intra or inter prediction coded block to the summer 50 to generate a residual block and to the summer 62 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as part of a reference frame subsequently.
  • the prediction processing unit 41 also provides syntax elements, such as motion vectors, intra-mode indicators, partition information, and other such syntax information, to the entropy encoding unit 56.
  • the intra prediction processing unit 46 within the prediction processing unit 41 may perform intra predictive coding of the current video block relative to one or more neighbor blocks in the same frame as the current block to be coded to provide spatial prediction.
  • the motion estimation unit 42 and the motion compensation unit 44 within the prediction processing unit 41 perform inter predictive coding of the current video block relative to one or more predictive blocks in one or more reference frames to provide temporal prediction.
  • the video encoder 20 may perform multiple coding passes, e.g., to select an appropriate coding mode for each block of video data.
  • the motion estimation unit 42 determines the inter prediction mode for a current video frame by generating a motion vector, which indicates the displacement of a video block within the current video frame relative to a predictive block within a reference video frame, according to a predetermined pattern within a sequence of video frames.
  • Motion estimation performed by the motion estimation unit 42, is the process of generating motion vectors, which estimate motion for video blocks.
  • a motion vector for example, may indicate the displacement of a video block within a current video frame or picture relative to a predictive block within a reference frame relative to the current block being coded within the current frame.
  • the predetermined pattern may designate video frames in the sequence as P frames or B frames.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may determine vectors, e.g., block vectors, for intra BC coding in a manner similar to the determination of motion vectors by the motion estimation unit 42 for inter prediction, or may utilize the motion estimation unit 42 to determine the block vector.
  • Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 [0091]
  • a predictive block for the video block may be or may correspond to a block or a reference block of a reference frame that is deemed as closely matching the video block to be coded in terms of pixel difference, which may be determined by Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD), Sum of Square Difference (SSD), or other difference metrics.
  • the video encoder 20 may calculate values for sub-integer pixel positions of reference frames stored in the DPB 64.
  • the video encoder 20 may interpolate values of one-quarter pixel positions, one- eighth pixel positions, or other fractional pixel positions of the reference frame. Therefore, the motion estimation unit 42 may perform a motion search relative to the full pixel positions and fractional pixel positions and output a motion vector with fractional pixel precision. [0092]
  • the motion estimation unit 42 calculates a motion vector for a video block in an inter prediction coded frame by comparing the position of the video block to the position of a predictive block of a reference frame selected from a first reference frame list (List 0) or a second reference frame list (List 1), each of which identifies one or more reference frames stored in the DPB 64.
  • Motion compensation performed by the motion compensation unit 44, may involve fetching or generating the predictive block based on the motion vector determined by the motion estimation unit 42.
  • the motion compensation unit 44 may locate a predictive block to which the motion vector points in one of the reference frame lists, retrieve the predictive block from the DPB 64, and forward the predictive block to the summer 50.
  • the summer 50 then forms a residual video block of pixel difference values by subtracting pixel values of the predictive block provided by the motion compensation unit 44 from the pixel values of the current video block being coded.
  • the pixel difference values forming the residual video block may include luma or chroma component differences or both.
  • the motion compensation unit 44 may also generate syntax elements associated with the video blocks of a video frame for use by the video decoder 30 in decoding the video blocks of the video frame.
  • the syntax elements may include, for example, syntax elements defining the motion vector used to identify the predictive block, any flags indicating the prediction mode, or any other syntax information described herein. Note that the motion estimation unit 42 and the motion compensation unit 44 may be highly integrated, but are illustrated separately for conceptual purposes.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may generate vectors and fetch predictive blocks in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the motion estimation unit 42 and the motion compensation unit 44, but with the predictive blocks being in the same frame as the current block being coded and with the vectors being referred to as block vectors as opposed to motion vectors.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may determine an intra-prediction mode to use to encode a current block.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may encode a current block using various intra-prediction modes, e.g., during separate encoding passes, and test their performance through rate-distortion analysis.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may select, among the various tested intra-prediction modes, an appropriate intra-prediction mode to use and generate an intra-mode indicator accordingly.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may calculate rate-distortion values using a rate-distortion analysis for the various tested intra-prediction modes, and select the intra-prediction mode having the best rate-distortion characteristics among the tested modes as the appropriate intra-prediction mode to use.
  • Rate-distortion analysis generally determines an amount of distortion (or error) between an encoded block and an original, unencoded block that was encoded to produce the encoded block, as well as a bitrate (i.e., a number of bits) used to produce the encoded block.
  • Intra BC unit 48 may calculate ratios from the distortions and rates for the various encoded blocks to determine which intra-prediction mode exhibits the best rate-distortion value for the block.
  • the intra BC unit 48 may use the motion estimation unit 42 and the motion compensation unit 44, in whole or in part, to perform such functions for Intra BC prediction according to the implementations described herein.
  • a predictive block may be a block that is deemed as closely matching the block to be coded, in terms of pixel difference, which may be determined by SAD, SSD, or other difference metrics, and identification of the predictive block may include calculation of values for sub-integer pixel positions.
  • the video encoder 20 may form a residual video block by subtracting pixel values of the predictive block from the pixel values of the current video block being coded, forming pixel difference values.
  • the pixel difference values forming the residual video block may include both luma and chroma component differences.
  • the intra prediction processing unit 46 may intra-predict a current video block, as an alternative to the inter-prediction performed by the motion estimation unit 42 and the motion Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 compensation unit 44, or the intra block copy prediction performed by the intra BC unit 48, as described above.
  • the intra prediction processing unit 46 may determine an intra prediction mode to use to encode a current block. To do so, the intra prediction processing unit 46 may encode a current block using various intra prediction modes, e.g., during separate encoding passes, and the intra prediction processing unit 46 (or a mode selection unit, in some examples) may select an appropriate intra prediction mode to use from the tested intra prediction modes. The intra prediction processing unit 46 may provide information indicative of the selected intra- prediction mode for the block to the entropy encoding unit 56. The entropy encoding unit 56 may encode the information indicating the selected intra-prediction mode in the bitstream.
  • the summer 50 forms a residual video block by subtracting the predictive block from the current video block.
  • the residual video data in the residual block may be included in one or more TUs and is provided to the transform processing unit 52.
  • the transform processing unit 52 transforms the residual video data into residual transform coefficients using a transform, such as a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or a conceptually similar transform.
  • DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
  • the transform processing unit 52 may send the resulting transform coefficients to the quantization unit 54.
  • the quantization unit 54 quantizes the transform coefficients to further reduce the bit rate. The quantization process may also reduce the bit depth associated with some or all of the coefficients.
  • the degree of quantization may be modified by adjusting a quantization parameter.
  • the quantization unit 54 may then perform a scan of a matrix including the quantized transform coefficients.
  • the entropy encoding unit 56 may perform the scan. [0099]
  • the entropy encoding unit 56 entropy encodes the quantized transform coefficients into a video bitstream using, e.g., Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC), Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC), Syntax-based context- adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (SBAC), Probability Interval Partitioning Entropy (PIPE) coding or another entropy encoding methodology or technique.
  • CAVLC Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding
  • CABAC Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
  • SBAC Syntax-based context- adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
  • PIPE Probability Interval Partitioning Entropy
  • the encoded bitstream may then be transmitted to the video decoder 30 as shown in Fig.1, or archived in the storage device 32 as shown in Fig.1 for later transmission to or retrieval by the video decoder 30.
  • the entropy encoding Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 unit 56 may also entropy encode the motion vectors and the other syntax elements for the current video frame being coded.
  • the inverse quantization unit 58 and the inverse transform processing unit 60 apply inverse quantization and inverse transformation, respectively, to reconstruct the residual video block in the pixel domain for generating a reference block for prediction of other video blocks.
  • the motion compensation unit 44 may generate a motion compensated predictive block from one or more reference blocks of the frames stored in the DPB 64.
  • the motion compensation unit 44 may also apply one or more interpolation filters to the predictive block to calculate sub-integer pixel values for use in motion estimation.
  • the summer 62 adds the reconstructed residual block to the motion compensated predictive block produced by the motion compensation unit 44 to produce a reference block for storage in the DPB 64.
  • the reference block may then be used by the intra BC unit 48, the motion estimation unit 42 and the motion compensation unit 44 as a predictive block to inter predict another video block in a subsequent video frame.
  • Fig.3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoder 30 in accordance with some implementations of the present application.
  • the video decoder 30 includes a video data memory 79, an entropy decoding unit 80, a prediction processing unit 81, an inverse quantization unit 86, an inverse transform processing unit 88, a summer 90, and a DPB 92.
  • the prediction processing unit 81 further includes a motion compensation unit 82, an intra prediction unit 84, and an intra BC unit 85.
  • the video decoder 30 may perform a decoding process generally reciprocal to the encoding process described above with respect to the video encoder 20 in connection with Fig. 2.
  • the motion compensation unit 82 may generate prediction data based on motion vectors received from the entropy decoding unit 80, while the intra-prediction unit 84 may generate prediction data based on intra-prediction mode indicators received from the entropy decoding unit 80.
  • a unit of the video decoder 30 may be tasked to perform the implementations of the present application.
  • the implementations of the present disclosure may be divided among one or more of the units of the video decoder 30.
  • the intra BC unit 85 may perform the implementations of the present application, alone, or in combination with other units of the video decoder 30, such as the motion compensation unit 82, the intra prediction unit 84, and the entropy decoding unit 80.
  • the video Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 decoder 30 may not include the intra BC unit 85 and the functionality of intra BC unit 85 may be performed by other components of the prediction processing unit 81, such as the motion compensation unit 82.
  • the video data memory 79 may store video data, such as an encoded video bitstream, to be decoded by the other components of the video decoder 30.
  • the video data stored in the video data memory 79 may be obtained, for example, from the storage device 32, from a local video source, such as a camera, via wired or wireless network communication of video data, or by accessing physical data storage media (e.g., a flash drive or hard disk).
  • the video data memory 79 may include a Coded Picture Buffer (CPB) that stores encoded video data from an encoded video bitstream.
  • the DPB 92 of the video decoder 30 stores reference video data for use in decoding video data by the video decoder 30 (e.g., in intra or inter predictive coding modes).
  • the video data memory 79 and the DPB 92 may be formed by any of a variety of memory devices, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), including Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), Resistive RAM (RRAM), or other types of memory devices.
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM Synchronous DRAM
  • MRAM Magneto-resistive RAM
  • RRAM Resistive RAM
  • the video data memory 79 and the DPB 92 are depicted as two distinct components of the video decoder 30 in Fig.3.
  • the video data memory 79 and the DPB 92 may be provided by the same memory device or separate memory devices.
  • the video data memory 79 may be on-chip with other components of the video decoder 30, or off-chip relative to those components.
  • the video decoder 30 receives an encoded video bitstream that represents video blocks of an encoded video frame and associated syntax elements.
  • the video decoder 30 may receive the syntax elements at the video frame level and/or the video block level.
  • the entropy decoding unit 80 of the video decoder 30 entropy decodes the bitstream to generate quantized coefficients, motion vectors or intra-prediction mode indicators, and other syntax elements.
  • the entropy decoding unit 80 then forwards the motion vectors or intra-prediction mode indicators and other syntax elements to the prediction processing unit 81.
  • the intra prediction unit 84 of the prediction processing unit 81 may generate prediction data for a video block of the current video frame based on a signaled intra prediction mode and reference data from previously decoded blocks of the current frame.
  • the motion compensation unit 82 of the prediction processing unit 81 produces one or more predictive blocks for a video block of the current video frame based on the motion vectors and other syntax elements received from the entropy decoding unit 80.
  • Each of the predictive blocks may be produced from a reference frame within one of the reference frame lists.
  • the video decoder 30 may construct the reference frame lists, List 0 and List 1, using default construction techniques based on reference frames stored in the DPB 92.
  • the intra BC unit 85 of the prediction processing unit 81 produces predictive blocks for the current video block based on block vectors and other syntax elements received from the entropy decoding unit 80.
  • the predictive blocks may be within a reconstructed region of the same picture as the current video block defined by the video encoder 20.
  • the motion compensation unit 82 and/or the intra BC unit 85 determines prediction information for a video block of the current video frame by parsing the motion vectors and other syntax elements, and then uses the prediction information to produce the predictive blocks for the current video block being decoded.
  • the motion compensation unit 82 uses some of the received syntax elements to determine a prediction mode (e.g., intra or inter prediction) used to code video blocks of the video frame, an inter prediction frame type (e.g., B or P), construction information for one or more of the reference frame lists for the frame, motion vectors for each inter predictive encoded video block of the frame, inter prediction status for each inter predictive coded video block of the frame, and other information to decode the video blocks in the current video frame.
  • a prediction mode e.g., intra or inter prediction
  • an inter prediction frame type e.g., B or P
  • construction information for one or more of the reference frame lists for the frame e.g., motion vectors for each inter predictive encoded video block of the frame, inter prediction status for each inter predictive coded video block of the frame, and other information to decode the video blocks in the current video frame.
  • the intra BC unit 85 may use some of the received syntax elements, e.g., a flag, to determine that the current video block was predicted using the intra BC mode, construction information of which video blocks of the frame are within the reconstructed region and should be stored in the DPB 92, block vectors for each intra BC predicted video block of the frame, intra BC prediction status for each intra BC predicted video block of the frame, and other information to decode the video blocks in the current video frame.
  • the motion compensation unit 82 may also perform interpolation using the interpolation filters as used by the video encoder 20 during encoding of the video blocks to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of reference blocks.
  • the motion Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 compensation unit 82 may determine the interpolation filters used by the video encoder 20 from the received syntax elements and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.
  • the inverse quantization unit 86 inverse quantizes the quantized transform coefficients provided in the bitstream and entropy decoded by the entropy decoding unit 80 using the same quantization parameter calculated by the video encoder 20 for each video block in the video frame to determine a degree of quantization.
  • the inverse transform processing unit 88 applies an inverse transform, e.g., an inverse DCT, an inverse integer transform, or a conceptually similar inverse transform process, to the transform coefficients in order to reconstruct the residual blocks in the pixel domain.
  • the summer 90 reconstructs decoded video block for the current video block by summing the residual block from the inverse transform processing unit 88 and a corresponding predictive block generated by the motion compensation unit 82 and the intra BC unit 85.
  • An in-loop filter 91 such as deblocking filter, SAO filter and/or ALF may be positioned between the summer 90 and the DPB 92 to further process the decoded video block.
  • the in-loop filter 91 may be omitted, and the decoded video block may be directly provided by the summer 90 to the DPB 92.
  • a video sequence typically includes an ordered set of frames or pictures. Each frame may include three sample arrays, denoted SL, SCb, and SCr.
  • SL is a two-dimensional array of luma samples.
  • SCb is a two-dimensional array of Cb chroma samples.
  • SCr is a two-dimensional array of Cr chroma samples.
  • a frame may be monochrome and therefore includes only one two-dimensional array of luma samples.
  • the video encoder 20 (or more specifically the partition unit 45) generates an encoded representation of a frame by first partitioning the frame into a set of CTUs.
  • a video frame may include an integer number of CTUs ordered consecutively in a raster scan order from left to right and from top to bottom.
  • Each CTU is a largest logical coding unit and the width and height of the CTU are signaled by the video encoder 20 in a sequence parameter set, Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 such that all the CTUs in a video sequence have the same size being one of 128 ⁇ 128, 64 ⁇ 64, 32 ⁇ 32, and 16 ⁇ 16. But it should be noted that the present application is not necessarily limited to a particular size. As shown in Fig.4B, each CTU may comprise one CTB of luma samples, two corresponding coding tree blocks of chroma samples, and syntax elements used to code the samples of the coding tree blocks.
  • a CTU may comprise a single coding tree block and syntax elements used to code the samples of the coding tree block.
  • a coding tree block may be an NxN block of samples.
  • the video encoder 20 may recursively perform tree partitioning such as binary-tree partitioning, ternary-tree partitioning, quad-tree partitioning or a combination thereof on the coding tree blocks of the CTU and divide the CTU into smaller CUs.
  • the 64x64 CTU 400 is first divided into four smaller CUs, each having a block size of 32x32.
  • CU 410 and CU 420 are each divided into four CUs of 16x16 by block size.
  • the two 16x16 CUs 430 and 440 are each further divided into four CUs of 8x8 by block size.
  • Fig.4D depicts a quad-tree data structure illustrating the end result of the partition process of the CTU 400 as depicted in Fig.4C, each leaf node of the quad- tree corresponding to one CU of a respective size ranging from 32x32 to 8x8.
  • each CU may comprise a CB of luma samples and two corresponding coding blocks of chroma samples of a frame of the same size, and syntax elements used to code the samples of the coding blocks.
  • a CU may comprise a single coding block and syntax structures used to code the samples of the coding block.
  • quad-tree partitioning depicted in Figs.10 and 11 is only for illustrative purposes and one CTU can be split into CUs to adapt to varying local characteristics based on quad/ternary/binary-tree partitions.
  • each quad-tree leaf CU can be further partitioned by a binary and ternary tree structure.
  • a coding block having a width W and a height H there are five possible partitioning types of a coding block having a width W and a height H, i.e., quaternary partitioning, horizontal binary partitioning, vertical binary partitioning, horizontal ternary partitioning, and vertical ternary partitioning.
  • Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 [00117]
  • the video encoder 20 may further partition a coding block of a CU into one or more MxN PBs.
  • a PB is a rectangular (square or non-square) block of samples on which the same prediction, inter or intra, is applied.
  • a PU of a CU may comprise a PB of luma samples, two corresponding PBs of chroma samples, and syntax elements used to predict the PBs. In monochrome pictures or pictures having three separate color planes, a PU may comprise a single PB and syntax structures used to predict the PB.
  • the video encoder 20 may generate predictive luma, Cb, and Cr blocks for luma, Cb, and Cr PBs of each PU of the CU. [00118] The video encoder 20 may use intra prediction or inter prediction to generate the predictive blocks for a PU.
  • the video encoder 20 may generate the predictive blocks of the PU based on decoded samples of the frame associated with the PU. If the video encoder 20 uses inter prediction to generate the predictive blocks of a PU, the video encoder 20 may generate the predictive blocks of the PU based on decoded samples of one or more frames other than the frame associated with the PU.
  • the video encoder 20 may generate a luma residual block for the CU by subtracting the CU’s predictive luma blocks from its original luma coding block such that each sample in the CU’s luma residual block indicates a difference between a luma sample in one of the CU's predictive luma blocks and a corresponding sample in the CU's original luma coding block.
  • the video encoder 20 may generate a Cb residual block and a Cr residual block for the CU, respectively, such that each sample in the CU's Cb residual block indicates a difference between a Cb sample in one of the CU's predictive Cb blocks and a corresponding sample in the CU's original Cb coding block and each sample in the CU's Cr residual block may indicate a difference between a Cr sample in one of the CU's predictive Cr blocks and a corresponding sample in the CU's original Cr coding block.
  • the video encoder 20 may use quad-tree partitioning to decompose the luma, Cb, and Cr residual blocks of a CU into one or more luma, Cb, and Cr transform blocks respectively.
  • a transform block is a rectangular (square or non- square) block of samples on which the same transform is applied.
  • a TU of a CU may comprise a transform block of luma samples, two corresponding transform blocks of chroma samples, and syntax elements used to transform the transform block samples.
  • each TU of a CU may be Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 associated with a luma transform block, a Cb transform block, and a Cr transform block.
  • the luma transform block associated with the TU may be a sub-block of the CU's luma residual block.
  • the Cb transform block may be a sub-block of the CU's Cb residual block.
  • the Cr transform block may be a sub-block of the CU's Cr residual block.
  • a TU may comprise a single transform block and syntax structures used to transform the samples of the transform block.
  • the video encoder 20 may apply one or more transforms to a luma transform block of a TU to generate a luma coefficient block for the TU.
  • a coefficient block may be a two- dimensional array of transform coefficients.
  • a transform coefficient may be a scalar quantity.
  • the video encoder 20 may apply one or more transforms to a Cb transform block of a TU to generate a Cb coefficient block for the TU.
  • the video encoder 20 may apply one or more transforms to a Cr transform block of a TU to generate a Cr coefficient block for the TU.
  • the video encoder 20 may quantize the coefficient block. Quantization generally refers to a process in which transform coefficients are quantized to possibly reduce the amount of data used to represent the transform coefficients, providing further compression.
  • the video encoder 20 may entropy encode syntax elements indicating the quantized transform coefficients. For example, the video encoder 20 may perform CABAC on the syntax elements indicating the quantized transform coefficients. Finally, the video encoder 20 may output a bitstream that includes a sequence of bits that forms a representation of coded frames and associated data, which is either saved in the storage device 32 or transmitted to the destination device 14. [00123] After receiving a bitstream generated by the video encoder 20, the video decoder 30 may parse the bitstream to obtain syntax elements from the bitstream. The video decoder 30 may reconstruct the frames of the video data based at least in part on the syntax elements obtained from the bitstream.
  • the process of reconstructing the video data is generally reciprocal to the encoding process performed by the video encoder 20.
  • the video decoder 30 may perform inverse transforms on the coefficient blocks associated with TUs of a current CU to reconstruct residual blocks associated with the TUs of the current CU.
  • the video decoder 30 also reconstructs the coding blocks of the current CU by adding the samples of the predictive blocks for PUs of the current CU to corresponding samples of the transform blocks of the TUs of the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 current CU. After reconstructing the coding blocks for each CU of a frame, video decoder 30 may reconstruct the frame.
  • video coding achieves video compression using primarily two modes, i.e., intra-frame prediction (or intra-prediction) and inter-frame prediction (or inter- prediction). It is noted that IBC could be regarded as either intra-frame prediction or a third mode. Between the two modes, inter-frame prediction contributes more to the coding efficiency than intra-frame prediction because of the use of motion vectors for predicting a current video block from a reference video block. [00125] But with the ever improving video data capturing technology and more refined video block size for preserving details in the video data, the amount of data required for representing motion vectors for a current frame also increases substantially.
  • the motion vector predictor of the current CU is subtracted from the actual motion vector of the current CU to produce a Motion Vector Difference (MVD) for the current CU.
  • MVD Motion Vector Difference
  • a set of rules need to be adopted by both the video encoder 20 and the video decoder 30 for constructing a motion vector candidate list (also known as a “merge list”) for a current CU using those potential candidate motion vectors associated with spatially neighboring CUs and/or temporally co-located CUs of the current CU and then selecting one member from the motion vector candidate list as a motion vector predictor for the current CU.
  • a motion vector candidate list also known as a “merge list”
  • the filter shape for the chroma ALF is a diamond filter shape in ECM, while the filter shape for luma ALF is long cross shape, such non-unified design may not be optimal from standardization point of view.
  • the edge based classifier and the band based classifier in the ECM only consider the pixel values after SAO. However, after the pixel values before the deblocking filter, prediction signal, residual signal, or before SAO are saved as inputs to the online ALF filter equation, these pixel values can also be utilized to design new classifiers, which may benefit the coding performance.
  • the edge based classifier and band based classifier in ECM only considers luma pixel values after SAO. However, the chroma pixel values can also be utilized to design a new classifier, which may benefit the coding performance.
  • the video coding process can include sample adaptive offset (SAO) and adaptive loop filtering (ALF) processes. These techniques aim to reduce artifacts and enhance visual quality of the decoded video. Addition information from neighboring pixels can be extracted and used by the encoder and decoder to improve the ALF process. For example, information in the prediction signal, residual signal, or before a sample adaptive offset (SAO) process can be used as additional ALF inputs.
  • SAO sample adaptive offset
  • This spatial Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 information can therefore be useful for determining how to filter or adjust pixel values during the decoding and encoding process to generate better video quality.
  • the methods disclosed herein include: computing spatial neighboring pixels in a prediction signal, residual signal, or spatial neighboring pixels before sample adaptive offset (SAO); using classifiers which combine the features of the edge based classifier and band based classifier as additional classifiers for the online ALF filter; changing the filter shape from chroma ALF from diamond shape to long cross shape to unify with the filter shape from the luma ALF; computing classifiers which utilize pixel values before a deblocking filter, prediction signal, residual signal, or before the SAO, as additional classifiers for an online ALF process; and computing classifiers which utilize chroma pixel values as additional classifiers for online ALF filters Information in prediction, residual or before SAO used as additional ALF input [00135]
  • Fig.11 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of: (i) a prediction sample, (ii) a residual sample, or (iii) a reconstructed sample, and wherein the reconstructed sample is sampled prior to the SAO filtering, and obtaining, by the decoder, a filtered sample, based on the one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.
  • Various filter shapes may be used to extract the information in residual signal.
  • the filter shape can be 1 ⁇ 1, 3 ⁇ 3 or 5 ⁇ 5 as shown in Fig.9.
  • Various equation forms may be used to extract the information in residual signal.
  • the method 1100 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of: (i) a prediction sample, (ii) a residual sample, or (iii) a reconstructed sample, and wherein the reconstructed sample is sampled prior to the SAO filtering.
  • the method 1100 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a filtered sample, based on the one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.
  • the method 1100 further includes obtaining, by the decoder, clipped results based on one or more spatial neighboring samples from the residual sample associated with the current sample, and obtaining, by the decoder, the filtered sample using clipped results based on one or more spatial neighboring samples from the residual sample associated with the current sample and one or more filter coefficients, the one or more filter coefficients associated with different filter shapes.
  • the clipped results can comprise clipped results of one or more surrounding sample, wherein the one or more surrounding samples are from one or more spatial neighboring samples from the residual samples.
  • the decoder uses spatial neighboring pixels in the prediction signal as an additional ALF equation input.
  • Various filter shapes can be used to extract the information in prediction signal (e.g., the filter shape can be 1 ⁇ 1, 3 ⁇ 3 or 5 ⁇ 5 as shown in Fig 9).
  • Various equation forms can be used to extract the information in prediction signal. For example, clipping differences between the surrounding pixels in prediction signal and current pixel can be used as an input to the ALF equation. In another example, clipping differences between the surrounding pixels in the prediction signal and the collocated pixel in the prediction signal, and the clipping difference between the collocated pixel in prediction signal and current pixel can be used as inputs to the ALF equation. [00140] In another example, the decoder uses spatial neighboring pixels before the SAO signal as an additional input to the ALF equation.
  • Various filter shapes can be used to extract the information in before SAO signal (e.g., the filter shape can be 1 ⁇ 1, 3 ⁇ 3 or 5 ⁇ 5 as shown in Fig 9).
  • Various equation forms can be used to extract the information in before SAO signal.
  • the clipping differences between the surrounding pixels before the SAO signal and the current pixel can be used as inputs to the ALF equation.
  • the clipping differences between the surrounding pixels before the SAO signal and the collocated pixels before SAO signal and the clipping difference between the collocated pixels before SAO signal and current pixels can be used as an input to the ALF equation.
  • the decoder is configured to use information in the prediction signal, residual signal or before the SAO signal as an input to the ALF equation.
  • Fig.12 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method includes obtaining, by the encoder one Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of: (i) a prediction sample, (ii) a residual sample, or (iii) a reconstructed sample, and wherein the reconstructed sample is sampled prior to the SAO filtering, and obtaining, by the encoder, a filtered sample, based on the one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.
  • the method 1200 includes obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of: (i) a prediction sample, (ii) a residual sample, or (iii) a reconstructed sample, and wherein the reconstructed sample is sampled prior to the SAO filtering.
  • the method 1200 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a filtered sample, based on the one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.
  • the method 1200 includes obtaining, by the encoder, clipped results based on one or more spatial neighboring samples from the residual sample associated with the current sample, and obtaining by the encoder, the filtered sample using clipped results based on one or more spatial neighboring samples from the residual sample associated with the current sample and one or more filter coefficients, the one or more filter coefficients associated with different filter shapes.
  • the clipped results can comprise clipped results of one or more surrounding samples, wherein the one or more surrounding samples are from one or more spatial neighboring samples from the residual sample.
  • New classifiers combining the features of edge-based classifier and band-based classifier [00146]
  • the features of edge based classifier and band based classifier are combined to derive new classifiers for online ALF filter. Different methods may be used to achieve this goal.
  • the chroma ALF filter shape can be changed from diamond shape to long cross shape, which is unified with the luma ALF filter shape. Examples of the ALF filter shapes can be found in Fig.10. Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 New classifiers utilizing the pixel values before deblocking filter [00154]
  • Fig.13 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1300 includes obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before a deblocking filter. [00155] At step 1301, the method 1300 includes obtaining, by a decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample. [00156] At step 1302, the method 1300 includes deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before a deblocking filter.
  • the method 1300 further includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing directionality of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of differences values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the directionality D of the sub-block of luma component, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before the deblocking filter of the sub-block. The sum of difference values is then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1300 further includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the activity value A of the sub-block of luma component.
  • the decoder can calculate the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before the deblocking filter of the sub. The sum of difference values is then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1300 further includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the index of the sub-block of luma component referring to the edge-based classifier, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before the deblocking filter. The sum of the difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1300 further includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the band index B of the sub-block of luma component, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before deblocking filter of the sub-block. The difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1300 further includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature.
  • the decoder can compute the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before the deblocking filter of the sub-block. The sum of difference values is then mapped to the difference index and the difference index is used as the class index.
  • the method 1300 further includes deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing an ALF edge based classifier index based on the samples before a deblocking filter.
  • the method 1300 can further include deriving, by the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing a band index based on the samples before a deblocking filter.
  • the decoder can calculate the edged based classifier or band based classifier based on the sample values in before deblocking filter, where the calculation method is the same calculation method as the original edge based classifier or band based classifier (which is calculated based on the sample values after SAO).
  • the aforementioned examples can alternatively be performed by the encoder. Examples of the aforementioned methods performed by the encoder are explained in further detail in Fig.14.
  • Fig.14 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1400 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a reconstructed video frame comprising a plurality of pixels, and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing pixel values before a deblocking filter.
  • the method includes obtaining, by the encoder, a reconstructed video frame comprising a plurality of pixels.
  • the method includes deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing pixel values before a deblocking filter.
  • the method 1400 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing a directionality of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1400 further includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of a sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1400 further includes obtaining, by the encoder, the first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of the sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1400 further includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1400 further includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a deblocking filter, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature.
  • the method 1400 further includes deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing an ALF edge based classifier index based on the samples before a deblocking filter.
  • the method 1400 can further include deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing a band index based on the samples before a deblocking filter. New classifiers utilizing the pixel values in the prediction signal [00183]
  • Fig.15 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1500 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring sample are from a prediction sample, and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the prediction sample.
  • the method 1500 include obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring sample are from a prediction sample.
  • the method 1500 includes deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the prediction sample.
  • the method 1500 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing directionality of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference between a sample after a sample adaptive offset (SAO) process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the directionality D of the sub-block of luma component.
  • the decoder can then compute the sum of the difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples in prediction signals of the sub-block.
  • the difference values can then be mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1500 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after a sample adaptive offset (SAO) process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • SAO sample adaptive offset
  • the decoder can first compute the activity value A of the sub-block of luma component, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 samples in the prediction signal of the sub-block. The sum of difference values can then be mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1500 include obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the index of the sub-block of luma component referring to the edge based classifier, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples in prediction signals of the sub-block. The sum of the difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1500 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can compute the band index B of the sub-block of luma component, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples in the prediction signal of the sub-block. The sum of difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1500 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature.
  • the decoder can compute the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples in the prediction signal of the sub-block. Upon computing the sum of the difference values, the decoder can then map the sum of the difference values to the difference index. The difference index can then be used as the class index.
  • the method 1500 includes deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing an ALF edge based classifier index based on the samples from the prediction sample.
  • the method 1500 includes deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing a band index based on the samples from the prediction sample.
  • the decoder can calculate the edged based classifier or band based classifier based on the sample values in prediction signal. The calculation can be the same as the edge based classifier or band based classifier (calculated based on the sample values after SAO).
  • Fig.16 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1600 includes obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring sample are from a prediction sample, and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the prediction sample.
  • the method 1600 include obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring sample are from a prediction sample.
  • the method 1600 includes deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the prediction sample.
  • the method 1600 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing directionality of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1600 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1600 include obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample, mapping, by the encoder, the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1600 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1600 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample in the prediction sample of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of difference values to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature.
  • the method 1600 includes deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing an ALF edge based classifier index based on the samples from the prediction sample.
  • the method 1600 includes deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing a band index based on the samples from the prediction sample. New classifiers utilizing the pixel values in the residual signal [00213]
  • Fig.17 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1700 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a residual sample, and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the residual sample.
  • the method 1700 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a residual sample. [00215] At step 1702, the method 1700 includes deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the residual sample.
  • the method 1700 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing directionality of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the directionality D of the sub-block of luma component.
  • the sub-block Upon computing the directionality D, the sub-block can then compute the sum of pixel values in the residual signal of the sub-block. The sum is then mapped to the residual index.
  • the method 1700 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the activity value A of the sub-block of luma component, then the sum of pixel values in the residual signal of the sub-block. The sum of the pixel values can then be mapped to the residual index.
  • the method 1700 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the index of the sub-block of luma component referring to the edge based classifier.
  • the decoder can then calculate the sum of the pixel values in the residual signal of the sub-block.
  • the sum of the pixel values in the residual signal can then be mapped to the residual index.
  • the method 1700 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the decoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the band index B of the sub-block of luma component. Upon computing the B of the sub-block of luma component, the decoder can then sum the pixel values in the residual signal of the sub-block. The sum of the pixel values in the residual signal are then mapped to the residual index.
  • the method 1700 includes the residual index used as a class index.
  • the decoder can compute the sum of the pixel values in the residual signal of the sub- block and then map the sum of the residual values to the residual index. The residual index can then be used as the class index.
  • the aforementioned examples can alternatively be performed by the encoder.
  • Fig.18 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1800 includes obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a residual sample, and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the residual sample.
  • the method 1800 includes obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a residual sample.
  • the method 1800 includes deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the residual sample.
  • the method 1800 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing directionality of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1800 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 encoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1800 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1800 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, calculating, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of sample values in the residual sample, mapping, by the encoder, the sum of sample values to a residual index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 1800 includes wherein the residual index is used as a class index.
  • Fig.19 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 1900 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before the SAO process.
  • the method 1900 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample.
  • the method 1900 includes deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before the SAO process.
  • the method 1900 further comprises obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing directionality of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of differences values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process of the sub-block, mapping, by the Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the directionality D of the sub-block of luma component. Upon computing the directionality D, the decoder can determine the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before SAO of the sub-block is calculated. The difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1900 further comprises obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the activity value A of the sub-block of luma component.
  • the decoder can then determine the sum of difference values between sample after SAO and collocated sample before SAO of the sub- block.
  • the difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1900 further comprises obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process of the sub-block, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the index of the sub-block of a luma component referring to the edge based classifier. Upon computing the index of the sub-block of the luma component referring to the edge based classifier, the decoder can then compute the sum of difference values between sample after SAO and collocated sample before SAO of the sub- block is calculated. The difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1900 further comprises obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the band index B of the sub-block of luma component, then the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before SAO of the sub-block is calculated. The difference values are then mapped to the difference index.
  • the method 1900 further comprises obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process, mapping, by the decoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature.
  • the decoder can compute the sum of difference values between samples after SAO and collocated samples before SAO of the sub-block. The sum of difference values can then be mapped to the difference index which is used as the class index.
  • the method 1900 further comprises deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing an ALF edge based classifier index based on the samples before the SAO process.
  • the method 1900 further comprises deriving, by the decoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing a band index based on the samples before the SAO process.
  • the decoder can calculate the edged based classifier or band based classifier based on the sample values before SAO, using the same calculation method that original edge based classifier or band based classifier used based on the sample values after SAO.
  • Fig.20 is a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for video encoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 2000 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a reconstructed video frame comprising a plurality of pixels, and deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before the SAO process.
  • the method 2000 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a reconstructed video frame comprising a plurality of pixels.
  • the method 2000 includes deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for an online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing one or more spatial neighboring samples before the SAO process.
  • the method 2000 further comprises obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing directionality of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of differences values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 2000 further comprises obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an activity value of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 2000 further comprises obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by computing an ALF edge based classifier index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before a sample adaptive offset (SAO ) process of the sub-block, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • SAO sample adaptive offset
  • the method 2000 further comprises obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and a collocated sample before the SAO process, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature and the second feature.
  • the method 2000 further comprises obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature by calculating a sum of difference values between a sample after the SAO process and Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 a collocated sample before the SAO process, mapping, by the encoder, the sum to a difference index, and deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature.
  • the method 2000 further comprises deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing an ALF edge based classifier index based on the samples before the SAO process.
  • the method 2000 further comprises deriving, by the encoder, a new classifier for the online ALF process by computing a band index based on the samples before the SAO process.
  • New classifiers utilizing chroma pixel values [00261]
  • Fig.21 is a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 for video decoding in accordance with some examples of the present disclosure.
  • the method 2100 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a chroma sample, and deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the chroma sample.
  • the method 2100 includes obtaining, by the decoder, one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from the chroma sample.
  • the method 2100 includes deriving, by the decoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizing sample values from the chroma sample.
  • the method 2100 includes obtaining, by the decoder, a first feature based on the band index of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a second feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a Cb chroma component, obtaining, by the decoder, a third feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a Cr chroma component, deriving, by the decoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature, the second and the third feature.
  • the decoder can first compute the band index ⁇ ⁇ of the sub-block of luma component.
  • the decoder can then compute the band index ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ of the corresponding U and V components.
  • the method 2200 includes obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring sample associated with a current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from a chroma sample, and deriving by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizes sample values from the chroma sample.
  • the method 2200 includes obtaining, by the encoder, one or more spatial neighboring sample associated with the current sample, wherein the one or more spatial neighboring samples are from the chroma sample.
  • the method 2200 includes deriving, by the encoder, the ALF classifier for the online ALF process, the ALF classifier utilizes sample values from the chroma sample.
  • the method 2200 includes obtaining, by the encoder, a first feature based on the band index of the sub-block of the luma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a second feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a Cb chroma component, obtaining, by the encoder, a third feature based on a band index of a sub-block of a Cr chroma component, deriving, by the encoder, a combined classifier for the online ALF process based on the first feature, the second and the third feature.
  • Fig.23 shows a computing environment 2310 coupled with a user interface 2350.
  • the computing environment 2310 can be part of a data processing server.
  • the computing Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 environment 2310 includes a processor 2320, a memory 2330, and an Input/Output (I/O) interface 2340.
  • the processor 2320 typically controls overall operations of the computing environment 2310, such as the operations associated with display, data acquisition, data communications, and image processing.
  • the processor 2320 may include one or more processors to execute instructions to perform all or some of the steps in the above-described methods.
  • the processor 2320 may include one or more modules that facilitate the interaction between the processor 2320 and other components.
  • the processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a single chip machine, a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), or the like.
  • the memory 2330 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of the computing environment 2310.
  • the memory 2330 may include predetermined software 2332. Embodiments of such data includes instructions for any applications or methods operated on the computing environment 2310, video datasets, image data, etc.
  • the memory 2330 may be implemented by using any type of volatile or non-volatile memory devices, or a combination thereof, such as a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic memory, a flash memory, a magnetic or optical disk.
  • SRAM Static Random Access Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • magnetic memory a flash memory
  • the memory 2330 is configured to store instructions executable by the processor; where the processor, upon execution of the instructions, is configured to perform any method as illustrated in Figs.11-23.
  • the I/O interface 2340 provides an interface between the processor 2320 and peripheral interface modules, such as a keyboard, a click wheel, buttons, and the like.
  • the buttons may include but are not limited to, a home button, a start scan button, and a stop scan button.
  • the I/O interface 2340 can be coupled with an encoder and decoder.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a plurality of programs, for example, in the memory 2330, executable by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310, for performing the above- described methods and/or storing a bitstream generated by the encoding method described above or a bitstream to be decoded by the decoding method described above.
  • the plurality of programs may be executed by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310 to receive (for example, from the video encoder 20 in Fig.2) a bitstream or data stream including encoded video information (for example, video blocks representing encoded video frames, and/or associated one or more syntax elements, etc.), and may also be executed by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310 to perform the decoding method described above according to the received bitstream or data stream.
  • a bitstream or data stream including encoded video information (for example, video blocks representing encoded video frames, and/or associated one or more syntax elements, etc.)
  • encoded video information for example, video blocks representing encoded video frames, and/or associated one or more syntax elements, etc.
  • the plurality of programs may be executed by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310 to perform the encoding method described above to encode video information (for example, video blocks representing video frames, and/or associated one or more syntax elements, etc.) into a bitstream or data stream, and may also be executed by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310 to transmit the bitstream or data stream (for example, to the video decoder 30 in Fig.3).
  • video information for example, video blocks representing video frames, and/or associated one or more syntax elements, etc.
  • the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310 may also be executed by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310 to transmit the bitstream or data stream (for example, to the video decoder 30 in Fig.3).
  • a bitstream comprising encoded video information generated by the encoding method described above or encoded video information to be decoded by the decoding method described above.
  • the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may have stored therein a bitstream or a data stream comprising encoded video information (for example, video information comprising one or more syntax elements) generated by an encoder (for example, the video encoder 20 in Fig.2) using, for example, the encoding method described above for use by a decoder (for example, the video decoder 30 in Fig.3) in decoding video data.
  • the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disc, an optical data storage device or the like.
  • a computing device comprising one or more processors (for example, the processor 2320); and the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or the memory 2330 having stored therein a plurality of programs executable by the one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors, upon execution of the plurality of programs, are configured to perform the above-described methods.
  • a computer program product having instructions for storage or transmission of a bitstream comprising encoded video information generated by the encoding method described above or encoded video information to be decoded by the decoding method described above.
  • a computer program product comprising a plurality of programs, for example, in the memory 2330, executable by the processor 2320 in the computing environment 2310, for performing the above-described methods.
  • the computer program product may include the non- transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computing environment 2310 may be implemented with one or more ASICs, DSPs, Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), FPGAs, GPUs, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, or other electronic components, for performing the above methods.
  • a method of storing a bitstream comprising storing the bitstream on a digital storage medium, wherein the bitstream comprises encoded video information generated by the encoding method described above or encoded video information to be decoded by the decoding method described above.
  • a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by the encoder described above comprising storing the bitstream on a digital storage medium, wherein the bitstream comprises encoded video information generated by the encoding method described above or encoded video information to be decoded by the decoding method described above.
  • the above methods may be implemented using an apparatus that includes one or more circuitries, which include application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, or other electronic components.
  • the apparatus may use the circuitries in combination with the other hardware or software components for performing the above described methods.
  • Each module, sub-module, unit, or sub-unit disclosed above may be implemented at least partially using the one or more circuitries.
  • Attorney Ref.: 186015.20174 [00286]
  • Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne le codage et la compression vidéo. Plus spécifiquement, la présente divulgation concerne des procédés et un appareil pour améliorer l'efficacité de codage d'un filtre à boucle adaptatif (ALF). Dans un exemple, le procédé consiste à obtenir, par un décodeur, un ou plusieurs échantillons voisins spatiaux associés à un échantillon actuel, le ou les échantillons voisins spatiaux provenant d'au moins l'un des éléments suivants : (i) un échantillon de prédiction, (ii) un échantillon résiduel, ou (iii) un échantillon reconstruit, l'échantillon reconstruit étant échantillonné avant un filtrage par décalage adaptatif d'échantillon (SAO), et l'obtention, par le décodeur, d'un échantillon filtré, sur la base du ou des échantillons voisins spatiaux associés à l'échantillon actuel.
PCT/US2023/032439 2022-09-09 2023-09-11 Procédés et dispositifs pour filtration à boucle adaptatif WO2024054686A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200296364A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2020-09-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Combined in-loop filters for video coding
US20210400267A1 (en) * 2018-12-23 2021-12-23 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Encoder, a decoder and corresponding methods using an adaptive loop filter
US20220201292A1 (en) * 2020-12-23 2022-06-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Adaptive loop filter with fixed filters
US20220272336A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2022-08-25 Apple Inc. Sample adaptive offset control
WO2022178424A1 (fr) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. Décalage adaptatif d'échantillons inter-composantes pour amélioration de codage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220272336A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2022-08-25 Apple Inc. Sample adaptive offset control
US20210400267A1 (en) * 2018-12-23 2021-12-23 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Encoder, a decoder and corresponding methods using an adaptive loop filter
US20200296364A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2020-09-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Combined in-loop filters for video coding
US20220201292A1 (en) * 2020-12-23 2022-06-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Adaptive loop filter with fixed filters
WO2022178424A1 (fr) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. Décalage adaptatif d'échantillons inter-composantes pour amélioration de codage

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